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Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2014 Developing a model for understanding mindfulness as a potential intervention for obsessive-compulsive disorder Steven I. Rudoy Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Rudoy, Steven I., "Developing a model for understanding mindfulness as a potential intervention for obsessive-compulsive disorder" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 455. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/455 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Running head: DEVELOPING A MODEL Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology DEVELOPING A MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING MINDFULNESS AS A POTENTIAL INTERVENTION FOR OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER A clinical dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology by Steven I. Rudoy July, 2014 Stephanie Woo, Ph.D. – Dissertation Chairperso This clinical dissertation, written by Steven Rudoy under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY Doctoral Committee: Stephanie Woo, Ph.D. - Chairperson Dennis Lowe, Ph.D. Lobsang Rapgay, Ph.D. © Copyright by Steven Rudoy (2014) All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... vii VITA .......................................................................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1. Review of Background Literature and Statement of the Problem .............................................. 1 Background ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................................... 2 Research Topic ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Literature Review ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Theoretical Models of OCD .................................................................................................................. 4 Current OCD Treatments ..................................................................................................................... 7 Origins of Mindfulness in Psychotherapy ........................................................................................... 10 Chapter 2. Review and Analysis Procedures ............................................................................................ 15 Study Design ......................................................................................................................................... 15 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Search Methods .................................................................................................................................... 16 Review Strategies .................................................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 3. Models and Mechanisms of Mindfulness ................................................................................. 19 Models of Mindfulness ........................................................................................................................... 19 Coffey and Hartmann’s Model ........................................................................................................... 19 Holzel and Colleagues’ Model ............................................................................................................ 19 Brown, Ryan, and Creswell’s Model ................................................................................................... 20 Baer’s Model ..................................................................................................................................... 21 Shapiro, Carlson, Astin, and Freedman’s Model ............................................................................... 22 Meta-Model of Mindfulness ................................................................................................................... 23 Efficacy of Various Mechanisms By Category ....................................................................................... 24 Exposure ............................................................................................................................................ 26 Values Clarification ............................................................................................................................. 28 Relationship to Thoughts .................................................................................................................... 29 Physiological Effects .......................................................................................................................... 33 Self-Regulatory Processes ................................................................................................................. 34 DEVELOPING A MODEL v Chapter 4. Components of OCD ................................................................................................................ 39 Early Theories ....................................................................................................................................... 39 Components of Obsessions ................................................................................................................... 41 Rumination ......................................................................................................................................... 42 Thought Suppression ......................................................................................................................... 42 Escape and Avoidance Behavior ....................................................................................................... 45 Cognitive Distortions .......................................................................................................................... 46 Low Distress Tolerance/Negative Emotionality .................................................................................. 48 Thought-Action Fusion ....................................................................................................................... 51 Cognitive Inflexibility ........................................................................................................................... 52 Chapter 5. Discussion and Application ...................................................................................................... 55 Summary of Findings ............................................................................................................................. 55 Proposed Model .................................................................................................................................... 56 Limitations ............................................................................................................................................. 60 Clinical Implications ............................................................................................................................... 60 Further Research ................................................................................................................................... 61 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 62 References ................................................................................................................................................ 64 APPENDIX A: IRB Approval ....................................................................................................................... 79 DEVELOPING A MODEL vi LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Most commonly cited psychological theories of mindfulness and proposed mechanisms ........... 25 DEVELOPING A MODEL vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Provisional model explaining the link between mindfulness practice and symptom reduction in OCD .......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 2. Components of mindfulness from meta-model ..........................................................................

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