The Somali Health and Demographic Survey 2020
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THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF SOMALIA The Somali Health and Demographic Survey 2020 Xog la helaa talo la helaa Information for better decisions 2020 The information contained in this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission but with acknowledgement of this publication as a source. Suggested citation: Directorate of National Statistics, Federal Government of Somalia. The Somali Health and Demographic Survey 2020. Additional information about the survey can be obtained from: The Directorate of National Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development, Federal Government of Somalia. Email: [email protected] Website: www.dns.org.so Telephone no.: +252 616 272 788 or +252 615 549 101 Social media: https://www.facebook.com/mopied/ Twitter: @MoPIED_Somalia This report was produced by the Federal Government of Somalia, with support from the United Nations Population Fund, Somalia and key donors. The Somali Health and Demographic Survey 2020 With technical support from: With financial contribution from: IV The Somali Health and Demographic Survey V Preface It is a great pleasure for the Directorate of National Statistics of the Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development, in cooperation with the Policy and Planning Directorate of the Ministry of Health and Human Services of the Federal Government and its Federal Member States, to present the findings of the Somali Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS), conducted from 2018-2019. This survey marks the first time that such data has been produced in the history of Somalia. It provides long-awaited information required by policy- and decision-makers, and all other relevant stakeholders to make evidence-based programme and policy decisions that deliver effective services to Somalis. The survey findings will enable the Federal Government of Somalia and Federal Member States to monitor their respective sectors in Somalia’s National Development Plans, including those relating to improving the lives of women and children, and overall health in Somalia. The SHDS will help us to continue to change the national dialogue in our country. It presents more than just numbers—offering valuable nuggets of information to the Ministry of Health and our partners to strive at all levels to promote universal access to reproductive health care and rights. This will be achieved by promoting international maternal health standards and providing guidance and support to health systems that will help us to define our country’s strategic plans and programmes. The survey findings will also offer a glimpse into social behaviour in our communities and encourage our people to adopt positive behavioural changes to improve their own lives. The survey findings Findings from the SHDS show us our assets—Somalia has resources will enable the Federal in young people—just above half of our population comprises people Government of Somalia below 15 years of age. While we are pleased to report that maternal and Federal Member mortality has dropped over the years, from 732 in 2015 to 692, we States to monitor their remain focused to use data gathered to save the life of every mother respective sectors in possible. For instance, we now know that most underweight births Somalia’s National were reported in younger mothers, under 20 years of age, and that Development Plans only 32 percent of births were delivered with support from trained health care providers. The SHDS results further highlight areas that need intervention—to improve the lives of children, we know that VI The Somali Health and Demographic Survey only 3.5 percent of births have been registered, and only 11 percent of children aged 11-23 months have been fully vaccinated against common vaccine-preventable childhood diseases. Additionally, while about 70 percent of households have access to an improved source of drinking water, only just above half of households interviewed use an improved sanitation facility. These crucial findings are a result of the great efforts of UNFPA Somalia’s Population and Development Unit, that collaborated at every stage with technical teams from the respective Somali statistical offices—along with all the personnel who have worked on this survey. These professionals worked together diligently to complete every phase of work according to the planned timetable in a challenging environment. Some of these heroes also include more than 300 Somalis who knocked on doors of pre-sampled households in urban, rural and nomadic settings to collect rich, diverse information from more than 15,000 households across the country for this main survey report. These teams were responsible for collecting information on maternal mortality from 100,000 households during the initial stages when households were being listed. Thanks to our strong collaboration with UNFPA, Somalia now has a legacy of information, and skilled statistical staff who are able to lay a strong foundation of statistics for our future generations. We also remain grateful to the donors of this undertaking—the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Government of Sweden, the Government of Finland, the Government of Italy, the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS), the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation for their generous contributions, which have created a product that will help turn the dreams of the Somalis to reality. We look forward to seeing the findings from this report shaping vital plans in Somalia, including the response of the international community to support the Somali National Development Plan 9 to attain the Sustainable Development Goals, and response plans for diseases and emergencies, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, locust invasion, and recurrent drought and floods. It is our hope that this report will be used and analyzed even further to drive more positive changes in Somalia. Hon Amb Gamal Mohamed Hassan Hon Dr. Fawziya Abikar Nur Minister of Planning, Investment and Minister of Health and Human Economic Development, Services, The Federal Government The Federal Government of Somalia of Somalia VII Acknowledgements The Somalia Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS) was realized with the commitment and dedication of several organizations and individuals. The statistical teams within the Directorate of National Statistics of the Federal Government of Somalia and Federal Member States were instrumental in ensuring all stages of the survey were carried out with attention to detail. In their quest for Somalis to have data for better planning and policymaking, the following experts steered all technical processes for the SHDS: Abdirahman Omar Dahir (Director General, Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development, Federal Government of Somalia), Nur Ahmed Weheliye (SHDS Coordinator), Dr Abdikadir Afrah Weheliye (Deputy SHDS Coordinator), Hussein Abdi (Director General, Ministry of Planning, Economic Development and International Cooperation, Puntland), Said Abdilaahi Abdi (Technical Lead, Federal Government of Somalia), Abdi Mohamoud Ali (Technical Lead, Puntland), Abdinasir Ali Dahir (Demographer), Mohamed Abdinur Mohamed (Statistician), and Abdulrazak Abdullahi Karie (Demographer). The United Kingdom Department for International Development (DfID), The Government of Sweden, The Government of Finland, The Government of Italy, The Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS) and The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation provided key financial support that went into creating a legacy for the country—data and skilled personnel. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the guidance of Joanne McFadden of The United Kingdom Department for International Development (DfID). We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the United Nations Population Fund for working together with our teams every step of the way, and for developing their capacity and skills in several areas. This survey would not have been realized without the support and leadership of Anders Thomsen (Representative, UNFPA Somalia) and Walter Mendonça Filho (Deputy Representative, UNFPA Somalia). We would like to single out Mariam Alwi (Population and VIII The Somali Health and Demographic Survey Development Specialist and Head of Population and Development Unit, UNFPA Somalia) for her dedication to Somalis, and devotion and patience in steering this mission. The contributions of the UNFPA Somalia team of experts, without whom the survey would not have come to fruition are also recognised. These are Richard Ng’etich (Statistician), Felix Mulama (Demographer) and Umikaltuma Ibrahim (GIS Analyst). We remain indebted to Nikolai Botev (Former Representative, UNFPA Somalia) for his unparalleled commitment and guidance at every stage of the survey during his tenure and his support in technical editing and review afterwards. The peer group of experts in different fields that provided valuable input and time to the report include Dr Daniel Shiloh and his team (Louisa Blackwell, Merad Salah and Daniel Ayoubkhani) from Methodology Advisory Services, Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom, Peter Lundquist and Anna Nyman from Statistics Sweden, Dr Tareq Alkebsi, Yemen Central Statistics Office, Dr. Abdallah Abdelaziz Zoubi (immediate former PD Advisor, ASRO) and Helge Brunborg, Vebjorn Aalandslid and Per Schoning from Statistics Norway. Abdi Dirshe, Former Permanent