February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3443

Aerographer James R. Dunlap George E. Meacham AMBASSADORS Joe E. McKinzie Morris E. Elsen Charles G. Morgan Jerome H. Holland, of Virginia, to be Am­ Clifford A. Froelich James D. Palmer bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Photographer John W. Gebhart John W. Pounds, Jr. of the United States of America to Sweden. Kenneth R. Kimball William C. Griggs Ronald W. Robillard Robert Strausz-Hupe, of Pennsylvania, to Donald F. Sheehan Oran L. Houck Allen R. Shuff be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipo­ Joseph A. Hughes Kenneth M. St. Clair, tentiary of the United States of America to Civil Engineer Corps Paul B. Jacovelli Jr. Ceylon, and to serve concurrently and with­ Jerry G. Havner David H. Kellner Gerard R. Steiner out additional compensation as Ambassador Cecil W. Lovette, Jr. Marlene Marlitt Harold B. St. Peter Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Warrant Officer Edward G. Torres to be a *Michael T. Marsh Ronald J. Uzenoff United States of America to the Republic permanent chief warrant officer W-3 in the John A. Mattox Jerry E. Walton of Maldives. Joseph E. McClanahan Ervin B. Whitt, Jr. Navy in the classification of electrician, sub­ IN THE DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE ject to the qualification therefor as provided James W. McHale William J . York Charles A. McPherronJohn A. Zetes The nominations beginning Keith E. Adam· by law. son, to be a Foreign Service information offi­ Warrant Officer Charles L. Boland, Jr., to •John A. Balikowski (civilian college gradu­ be a permanent chief warrant officer W-4 in ate) to be a permanent Lieutenant and a cer of class 1, and ending Harvey M. Wandler, the Navy in the classification of supply clerk, temporary lieutenant commander in the to be a Foreign Service information officer Dental Corps of the Navy, subject to the of class 6, which nolninations· were received subject to the qualification therefor as pro­ by the Senate and appeared in the Congres­ vided by law. qualification therefor as provided by law. The following-named (Naval Enlisted sional Record on January 26, 1970; and Scientific Education Program candidates) The nolninations beginning Harry G. to be permanent ensigns in the Line or Staff Barnes, Jr., to be a Foreign Service officer Corps of the Navy, subject to the qualifica­ CONFIRMATIONS of class 1, and ending J. Guy Gwynne, to be tion therefor as provided by law. a Foreign Service officer of class 6 and a Executive nominations confirmed by consular officer of the United States of Michael P. Bahnmiller Terrel D. Buck the Senate February 16, 1970: America, which nominations were received Orville K. Brown, Jr. Michael W. Dent by the Senate and appeared in the Con­ Charles J. Bruerton Alan P. Derry • Ad Interim appointment issued. gressional Record on January 29, 1970.

EXTEN,SIONS O·F REMARK.S BLIND STUDENTS AT THE UNIVER­ sent that the article entitled "Blind Stu­ The clients attending UT Austin are pre­ SITY OF TEXAS IN AUSTIN dents," written by Mr. Charles W. paring for a variety of vocations. Several are Hoehne, be printed in the Extensions of presently candidates for doctoral degrees. A Remarks. blind law student is serving as a law review HON. RALPH YARBOROUGH editor. There being no objection, the article "The curriculum at UT Austin is generally OF TEXAS was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, recognized as excellent, but rigorous," Risley IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES as follows: points out. "While the attrition rate for the Monday, February 16, 1970 BLIND STUDENTS AT TExAs UNIVERSITY student body in general is rather high, the rate of failure among our clients has become Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, it (By Charles W. Hoehne) exceptionally low. We do not expect thai is always good to see, in a fast moving In 1965 there were only six blind students more than two blind students a year will society such as ours, that we can still on the campus of the University of Texas at leave UT Austin for academic reasons." Austin. As of September 1969, there were Except for special equipment and facilities find time to assist those less fortunate 59 visually disabled students at UT Austin, in required because of visual loss, blind stu­ than we, and in so doing, help society thanks to a special project in which the dents at the University receive the same general. I was very pleased, therefore, Texas Commission for the Blind and the treatment as their sighted classmates. "A when I read in the January-February university are cooperating. very deliberate and calculated effort not to 1970 issue of Rehabilitation Record, a The project· includes an office on campus 'baby' these blind students is made," ac­ publication of the U.S. Department of for a full-time rehabilitation counselor and cording to Charles Raeke, a rehabilitation Health, Education, and Welfare, an secretary, five special reading romns for counselor from the Commission for the Blind article about a real succesr story at blind students, a braille library of basic ref­ who is serving as coordinator of the project. the University of Texas in Austin. erence works, taping and duplicating equip­ "This comes as a shock to clients who have ment, braillewriters, and related types of been overly protected and pampeced at home In 1965 there were only six blind stu­ equipment available at a central location on because of their blindness, but it's a valuable dents at the university. As a result of a the campus. experience for them. They won't be babied special project, in which the Texas Com­ "The project at UT Austin represents the when they get out and compete for jobs." mission for the Blind and the university drawing together and utilization of a variety - The success of the ·UT Austin project has are cooperating, there are now 59 visual­ of resources," according to Burt L. Risley, caused us to consider establishing similar ly disabled students in the university. executive director of our Commission for projects at other State-supported institu­ The event that gave impetus to this proj­ the Blind. "There has been tremendous sup­ tions of higher learning. The Commission ect was, much to the credit of my State port from the University community. With­ estimates that a college or university would out this support, I doubt that the project have to have an enrollment of at least 50 legislature, the enactment of a State law would have succeeded." blind students before full-time staff could exempting the blind from payment of The event that really triggered this proj­ be justified for a project of this type. Volun­ tuition and fees required at State-sup­ ect was the enactment of a State law ex­ teer groups at Texas Technological College at ported institutions of higher learning. empting the Commission's blind clients from Lubbock presently are cooperating in the Space for project activities was made payment of tuition and required fees at establishment of a program for blind stu­ available by the university administra­ Texas State-supported institutions of higher dents at that institution, and we hope to tion. Two student groups provide such learning. provide a similar service to the high con­ volunteer services as reading and trans­ Space for project activities is made avail­ centration of college students in the North able by the University's administration. Two Texas area. portation. And the student government student groups provide such volunteer serv­ "The number of blind students enrolled provides funds for the purchase of addi­ ices as reading, transportation, and assist­ in institutions of higher education is going tional equipment and supplies needed for ance with registration. They He Alpha Phi to continue to rise," Risley said recently. the project. Omega, the men's service organization at the "This is only one facet of the increased The basic premise of the project is to University, and Gamma Delta Epsilon, the sophistication and relevance which agencies free the blind from continued assistance women's service organization. Volunteer for the blind are attempting to give their from social and rehabilitation agencies; services also are provided by a number of vocational rehabilitation programs." individuals who are not associated with ei­ "Our project at UT Austin steins from the that is, to give them the independence ther of these two organizations. The student conviction that one of the purposes of re­ and pride that comes from earning one's government of the University annually makes habilitation is to help handicapped indi­ way in society. an appropriation to the Commission for the viduals to get free of the need for con­ Mr. President, I was so impressed with purchase of additional equipment and sup­ tinued assistance from agencies providing this project, that I ask unanimous con- plies needed for the project. social or rehabilitation services. If a handi- 3444 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 capped individual pas the capacity for at­ her well-being and to rescue her from our unqualified opposition to France's taining this type of independence, it is ad­ some of her own actions. irresponsibility generally and more par­ ministratively unsound to provide only lim­ I am afraid that France 's present pol­ ticularly lately in the Middle East. This ited services which may in fact increase the individual's dependence upon the rehabili­ icy in the Middle East will have similar is the one way that Mr. Pompidou will tation agency." unfortunate consequences and that the come to know America's views. Other­ United States will then be asked to bail wise by attending the session and afford­ the French out. Even if that were not the ing Mr. Pompidou this great accolade, FRANCE, AMERICA'S ALLY: PER­ case, the security and well-being of the we will be condoning his actions when HAPS THE OLDEST, BUT NOT THE state of Israel hangs in the balance. The we actually oppose them. MOST TRIED AND TRUE French are sacrificing the freedom and The bloody banner has been waving liberty of Israel in order to gain transi­ over the Middle East too long. Too many tory influence in the area. And I might thousands have shed blood and given HON. BERTRAM L. PODELL add at the expense of the United States. their lives. Yet the avowed Arab claim OF NEW YORK French sale of Mirage jets to Libya remains the destruction of our one great IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the proposed sale to Iraq threaten democratic nation in the Middle East­ Tuesday, February 10, 1970 to set off a new and spiraling phase of Israel. France's actions have provided a the conflict in the Middle East. France gathering place for the forces of injus­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under has assured her opponents that these tice and tyranny. Let us voice our op­ a previous order of the House, the gen­ arms will remain in the hands of the position to such irresponsibility and let tleman from New York (Mr. PODELL) is countries to which they are headed­ us try to bring peace into that area. recognized for 15 minutes. what France terms nonbelligerents. Yet, In effect, Congress would be bestowing Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, "La Mar­ the dividing line between belligerency one of the highest honors we can on a seillaise," the French national anthem, and nonbelligerency is often very nar­ visiting dignitary, the first since 1967, speaks of the "bloody standard being row-if not nonexistent. since we gave the same honor to the raised." That was in 1789, and France Libya's pronouncements have made President of Mexico. Yet when Presi­ was fighting for her liberation from her one of the most outspoken, anti­ dent Nixon went to France last year he tyranny. Today France has again raised Israel nations in the Middle East. The was not invited to address the French a bloody banner, but this time it is not large shipment of French arms may al­ Parliament. He was not invited to be on the side of liberty, equality, and fra­ low her to cross the line and turn bel­ given this great honor of addressing the ternity. Rather, it is on the side of in­ ligerent words into belligerent actions. If joint session of the Parliament of justice and tyranny. that became reality, one more armed France. France has become the most danger­ Arab nation would join the conflict I received a letter from one of my ous actor to come center stage in the against Israel. colleagues in which he said that France Middle East conflict. With callous dis­ Evidence has shown that French Mi­ is one of our great trusted and long­ regard for the chances of achieving rages are in fact finding their way into time allies. Let us look at the facts. I peace in that area, France is playing the the hands of those engaged in armed have made a thorough analysis of the role of antagonist. Her irresponsible sale attack in that area. It was reported United Nations in the years 1960 to 1969. of arms to the belligerent Arab nations yesterday that the Mirage jets have Let me give you some facts of the United is in opposition to her original declara­ found their way into the hands of the Nations votes from the period 1960 to tion against such sale. Instead she has Egyptians. Even French imagination 1963. France voted less times with the guaranteed that there will be a still cannot manufacture a story that would United States in the United Nations than bloodier confrontation in the war that place Egypt on the side of the nonbel­ any other country in the Atlantic is presently raging. . ligerents. Alliance with the exception of Portugal. France has claimed that her present France, then, is trading responsible Let me give you some more startling policies of arm sales coincide with her action in international affairs for transi­ facts. On those items affecting the national interest. I regret to say then tory influence. What France does not security of the United States, France that our "stanch ally" and "lover of seem to realize is that she will be mak­ voted less times with the United States peace and justice" has interests that ing a bad bargain in the long run; these in the United Nations than any other coincide with increased tensions in the nations are not going to trade their country in the Atlantic Alliance, includ­ Middle East. Indeed, one wonders wheth­ right to independent action for French ing Portugal. Between 1964 and 1969, er France has international interests or bombers. the evidence is even more startling and merely international investments. Why then have I asked the Members even more revealing. I will make this Anti-Americanism has been a persist­ of this House to refrain from attending information available next week. ent and unifying theme in the internal a joint session of this Congress at which I only bring to the attention of the politics of France. To cite a case from Mr. Pompidou was asked to speak? I Members of the House the fact that we the 19,50's, vociferous popular approval believe that the French sale :>f arms to should not accord this great honor. Our of the French landing in Suez stemmed the Arabs threatens to turn any hopes President must receive the President of France. This does not mean that this from the knowledge that the actions had for peace in that area into a still blood­ Congress must give him that honor that been taken against the expressed wishes ier confrontation. in turn he did not bestow on the Presi­ of the United States. President Pompidou will be visiting dent of the United States when he visited Paradoxically, after the French Gov­ our country in 2 weeks and he has been them. I shall not be here. I urge my col­ ernments have deliberately raised the told that there will be only a minor leagues not to attend the session at bloody banner and stirred up interna­ protest by a few Congressmen. This is which this man will be honored. tional tensions, they have repeatedly not the case. While we well understand looked to the United States to rescue the desire and the need of our President France from the consequences of her ac­ to extend a courtesy toward a visiting tions. What would the French troops dignitary, I believe it is up to this Con­ LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY have done if they had been permitted to gress to place American opinion toward occupy the area of Suez in 1956? What France's action in a more accurate light. if the United States had not been willing Let this Congress strengthen Mr. Nixon's HON. HUGH SCOTT to sacrifice a substantial amount for the hand so that he might set forth an un­ OF PENNSYLVANIA increased protective trade barriers that ambiguous policy toward French initia­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES insulated France from competition from tives in the Middle East. Mr. Pompidou the outside so that her economy could must be made aware of the American Monday, February 16, 1970 prosper? public's opposition to French actions, Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, Americans, I am not saying that the United States and this Congress, as the necessary rep­ secure in their own independence, should should not have taken these actions resentative body, must act as its due take a few moments to ponder the plight toward France. What I am saying is that spokesman. By refraining from attend­ of the little country of Lithuania, whose France, in the past, has depended on the ing this joint session that Mr. Pompidou 52d anniversary it is today. I ask unan­ United States both for a large part of will be attending we will be expressing imous consent that an editorial that was February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3445 published in the Philadelphia Inquirer Too little, and too late, may become a land was dominated by a foreign power, be printed in the RECORD. danger of a pinch-penny administration, re­ and all cultural and political progress There being no objection, the editorial lying heavily on tax or other incentives to was halted. private business to do what is everybody's Today, friends of Lithuania are hop­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, business. This calls for some bold new steps as follows: to be taken before it's too late. ing that the plight of that country will LITHUANIANS CONTINUE THE STRUGGLE be brought before the United Nations, For more than a quarter of a century, Pollution is not merely a problem of and the Congress of the United States Lithuanians both at home and abroad have the great urban areas. It has reached has adopted a resolution calling for such resisted Soviet rule of their nation. Perhaps into the green mountains of West Vir­ action. I support this resolution, which one unfamiliar with the history of the Lith­ ginia, up the Little Kanawha River to also asks the U.S.S.R. for the freedom uanian people may wonder why, after all Grantsvllie where Mrs. Barrows lives. of Latvia and Estonia in addition to these years, they refuse to quit. A look into I now refer you to Mrs. Barrows' edi­ Lithuania and I ask unanimous consent the history of Lithuania will explain why. torial. I heartily urge you to read this This isn't the first time that the Baltic that it be' printed in the RECORD at this nation has had to suffer under foreign domi­ most provocative article: time. nation. It is by far not the longest period WATER POLLUTION There being no objection, the reso­ that Lithuanians have had to endure alien The decade of the 70 's is supposed to be lution was ordered to be printed in the oppression. And it is not the first time that years devoted to improving our environment, RECORD, as follOWS: the Russians were the antagonists. Russia before it's too late, before we are ruined by H. CoN. RES. 416 once controlled Lithuania for 120 years, but pollution of our water, air and soil. President the Lithuanians never lost their desire and Nixon has set the tone. Attention of young Whereas the subjection of peoples to alien determination for independence. people is expected to turn from civil rights to subjugation, domination, and exploitation After more than a century under Russian constitutes a denial of fundamental human ecology, and we are prepared to see a cam­ rights, is contrary to the Charter of the rule, the Lithuanians gained their freedom paign against those who foul the air and on February 16, 1918. The next 22 years were United Nations, and is an impediment to contaminate the soil and water. Who in his the promotion of world peace and coopera­ . golden years in the history of Lithuania, right mind can oppose such a worthy cause? surpassed perhaps only by the 38 years when tion; and Civil rights may not have had much rele­ Whereas all peoples have the right to self­ Vytautas the Great ruled Lithuania 500 years vancy in Calhoun county but water pollu­ earlier and the nation's borders extended determination; by virtue of that right they tion is going to be right at home. The Little freely determine their political status and from the Baltic Sea all the way to the shores Kanawha river and its tributaries are pol­ of the Black Sea. freely pursue their economic, social, cultural, luted. There's no doubt about it. One good and religious development; and The golden years of this century ended sniff is enough to confirm that fact. We hope abruptly for Lithuanians in 1940 when Hit­ Whereas the Baltic peoples of Estonia, the Town of Grantsville can get along with Latvia, and Lithuania have been forcibly de­ ler and Stalin divided up the Baltic states, their sewage system this summer, so that at and the Russians once again took over Lith­ prived of these rights by the Government least one section can stop polluting the river. of the Soviet Union; and uania. Nazi armies chased the Reds out. Then But it isn't just the Town of Grantsville later the Soviets chased the Nazis out. Lith­ Whereas the Government of the Soviet that is doing all this pollution. There are Union, through a program of deportations uanians fought the Russians for the next lots of homes where raw sewage goes directly eight years, and it has been estimated that and resettlement of peoples, continues in its into a nearby stream. Even garbage is effort to change the ethnic character of the 30,000 of Lithuanian resistance group lost dumped into streams and no thought given their lives in the struggle. populations of the Baltic States; and to what this is doing to the river. One thing Whereas it has been the firm and oonsistent But the struggle is not over yet. A nation very noticeable in the latest bit of high wa­ that would not be subdued in 120 years wm policy of the Government of the United not die in a quarter of a century. People with ter here: lots of floating debris in the river, States to support the aspirations of Baltic a language and a heritage that is over 700 not a pretty sight, and not very healthy peoples for self-determination and n ational years old, and who have great pride in that either. independence; and language and heritage, will not let it be Eventually, we see tighter regulations on Whereas there exist many historical, cul­ crushed by the Communist oppressor so pollution involving almost everyone in a tural, and family ties between the peoples easily. Lithuanians will survive the Soviets campaign to clean up our environment. The of the Baltic States and the American people: just as they survived the Czars. This deter­ world's population is growing much too fast Be it mination will be evident throughout this to ignore the problem any longer. Get used to Resolved by the House of Representatives nation as Lithuanian-Americans gather to that word "ecology." The dictionary says it is (the Senate concurring), That the House of mark their Independence Day on Febru­ "the science which treats of the relations Representatives of the United States urge ary 16 and as they work and hope for a new between organisms and their environment." the President of the· United States- day of independence. The "organism" in this sense is most usually ( a) to direct the attention of world opin­ man; in other words, the study of man and ion at the United Nations and at other ap­ his environment. You're going to hear a lot propriate international forums and by such about it, and you're going to have to do your means as he deems appropriate, to the denial ENVffiONMENTAL POLLUTION share to stop pollution of that environment. of the rights of self-determination for the "Too little, and too late," may become a peoples of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, danger of a pinch-penny administration, re­ and HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN lying heavily on tax or other incentives to (b) to bring the force of world opinion to OF WEST VIRGINIA private business to do what is everybody's bear on behalf of the restoration of these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES business. This calls for some bold new steps rights to the Baltic peoples. to be taken before it's too late. Passed the House of Representatives June Monday, February 16, 1970 21, 1965. Attest: Mr. MOLLOHAN. Mr. Speaker, the RALPH R. ROBERTS, concern over ecology and its relation to Clerk. the pollution of our air, water, and land FEBRUARY 16-LITHUANIAN INDE­ is predicted by many to be the issue of PENDENCE DAY the 1970's. THE LADY OF THE HOUSE But we realize that it must become more than merely an issue. It must pro­ HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER duce action-positive action-and soon. OF PENNSYLVANIA HON. H. ALLEN SMITH It must not be lost once elections are IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF CALIFORNIA over. Monday, February 16, 1970 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Lest one attempts to place all the Monday, February 16, 1970 blame for past mistakes on government Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, this or industry, I refer you to the following week Americans of Lithuanian origin Mr. SMITH of California. Mr. Speak­ editorial from Mary Ann Barrows' the mark the anniversary of the establish­ er, Mr. Carroll W. Parcher, a longtime, Calhoun Chronicle. ment of the modern Republic of Lithu­ close, personal friend of mine, wrote an As Mrs. Barrows correctly explains it: ania, which took place February 16, article entitled "The Lady of the House" 1918. Unfortunately, the occasion is a which sets forth his opinion regarding You're going to hear a lot about it (ecol­ ogy), and you're going to have to do your sad one for those who cherished Lithu­ his wonderful and beloved wife, Frances, share to stop pollution of that environment. ania's independence, for that land is to­ who recently passed away. I would like day occupied by the U.S.S.R. to bring this to the attention of the She concludes her editorial with some This country and its brave people had Members. sound advice: only 22 years of freedom before their The article follows: 3446 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 [From the Glendale News-Press, Feb. 6, little, I'm sure, but seldom complained until Congress passed the Susan B. Anthony 1970] the floor ti:lre-a.tened to cave in under the amendment. I take special pride in the "THE LADY OF THE HOUSE" LEAVES HAPPY extra wel.ght. fact that on June 24, 1919-less than a MEMORmS She disclaimed being a "good housekeeper," month after congressional approval-the (By Carroll W. Parcher) of which t..l:lere are perhaps too many, but without doubt was a good home maker, of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania became The Star that swung low in the early hours whom there are far too few. the seventh State to ratify what was to just before the Wednesday morning dawn to The house high on the Verdugos with the bEcome the 19th amendment to the Con­ lift The Lady of the House from a life which sweeping vtew and the aroma of faintly aro­ stitution. The 36th, and last needed, rat­ pain finally had made intolerable, took on its matic woods to which we came a dozen beams a lovely and a remarkable woman. ification came on August 20, 1920, estab­ years ago, was her favorite. But it was fol­ lishing the right of American women to Those are words used too often to describe lowed closely by the vacation cabin in the those to whom they apply only in the barest high mountains by the big blue lake, where vote. outline. But for Frances they had meaning she reveled in the beauty and the clean, This year marks the 50th anniversary far beyond the ordinary. fresh air, and the soli tude. of the adoption of the 19th amendment. Thomas Brown said: "Life is a pure flame, Like most people with inner strengths How fitting it would be for this year to and we live by an invisible sun within us." Frances enjoyed being alone. When she came a1 so m ark the passage of the equal But for Frances the sun within did not home after the first three-month stay in r ights amendment. I am proud to be remain invisible. It shone through. And the hospital I suggested a "live in" house­ those with whom she came in contact, in a sponsor of this proposed amendment keeper. "But with somebody in the house all to the Constitution which provides a con­ whatever frame of life, were warmed and the time, when would I ever be alone?" comforted by its radiance. I thought of these things, and many more, stitutional guarantee of equal rights Anna. Mae, the colored lady who h ad been as I sat at her bedside during the long under the law for men and women. The "looking after" the family for a good m any night, after consciousness as we know it had adoption of this amEndment, Senate years put it this way: "I'd work for Mrs. gone but before "God's finger touched her, Joint Resolution 61, would be but a small Parcher iffen she couldn't pay me a cent. and she slept." payment from a Nation whose women It would be wuth it just to be around her." Nearly a half century of going to school to­ And Dick Nixon, before he became Presi­ citizens have done so much to contribute gether, starting a little newspaper together, to its greatness. dent, told me one time: "Your wife always raising a family together and traveling to far makes me feel better. She has something places together provides a broad field for good to say about everyone." remembrance. Perhaps that was the reason, or one of the And after the last tortured breath was reasons, why the invisible sun glowed so drawn and the tight features relaxed in that brightly. Frances had that innate goodness FEDERAL AID TO HELP BOOST about her which let her see whatever good peace which comes only after the gentle SUPPLY OF FAMILY DOCTORS there was to be seen in her fellows (a good touch of death's broad wings I thought of the which I sometimes could not discern) and to joy there would be that night in whatever Heaven there is. Because Frances was there. filter out the bad. HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI When even she couldn't find something OF NEW YORK good to say about a person, she said nothing. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And when I, not so charitable, or perhaps Monday, February 16, 1970 just more obtuse, pointed out what I thought SUSAN B. ANTHONY-A PIONEER were fairly obvious faults in someone of our AMONG WOMEN Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ mutual acquaintance she almost always troducing legislation today aimed at countered by pointing out a fairly admirable quality which I hadn't noticed. helping medical schools and hospitals I suppose no one goes through life with­ HON. HUGH SCOTT educate larger numbers of doctors to out making some enemies-even inadvert­ OF PENNSYLVANIA practice family medicine. ently. But I can think of no one who was IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Forty years ago, three-fourths of all her enemy. Or who even disliked her. Ex­ practicing physicians were general prac­ cept, perhaps, those to whom she was pretty Monday, February 16, 1970 titioners. sharp when they criticized something I had Mr. SCOTT. M r . President, Sunday, Today only one in five--20 percent-of written, or said publicly, or some stand the February 15, marked the 150th anniver­ practicing physicians are general prac­ paper had taken. Not that she always agreed. Her opinions sary of the birth of Susan B. Anthony, titioners. The rest are specialists in sur­ were as strong as her character. But she founder of the women's suffrage move­ gery, pathology, radiology, internal med­ thought that "for better or for worse" ment. Miss Anthony's statue stands in icine, psychiatry, pediatrics, and so meant standing up for your husband in pub­ this Capitol as a monument to her work forth. lic. for the equality of rights for women. In today's sophisticated and rapidly Sometimes she would say: "I wish you Believing that the 14th amendment to growing field of medicine, it is quite true didn't have to be so vehement about freedom the Constitution guaranteed women the that we need specialists. But the need is of speech. Some of my friends think you like right to vote, Susan B. Anthony cast her dirty books." But I doubt if any of those no less for family doctors--physicians friends got anything but an argument when ballot for President on November 5, 1872, who can provide general medical care for they voiced that opinion to her. in Rochester, N.Y. Seven months later the entire family, from childhood to old Her greatest joy always was in her fam­ she was convicted in a U.S. court of age. ily-in the three children she guided, more voting illegally. It is true that some medical schools by example than by duress, toward assum­ Despite this setback, Miss Anthony are finally beginning to recognize the ing their adult responsibilities with courage continued her efforts to enfranchise need for training family doctors. But the and determination. And in the grandchil­ supply is only a drop in the bucket as dren to whom she gave the Eame love and women. She drafted and, in 1878, suc­ devotion their parents had enjoyed. ceeded in achieving the introduction compared with the need. By the greatest possible good fortune all in the U.S. Senate of a constitutional The family doctor needs to be trained three children were able to be with her dur­ amendment guaranteeing women the in particular in preventive medicine, tak­ ing the last days of her illness--a circum­ right to vote. Through her 80th year ing into account the family makeup and stance for which I shall forever be grateful. she continued to travel across the United surroundings. Her greatest pleasure was in her friends-­ States lecturing and organizing support A second function is to advise families not great armies of them (she liked better for this amendment. At the age of 83, whom to consult when it is apparent the the small dinner party or the intimate luncheon than the overpowering cocktail she went to Berlin to help organize the illness requires the counsel of a special­ party) but the compartively small cirole who International Woman Suffrage Alliance. ist--the average family does not under­ shared her interest in music and books and Although she did not attain her goal stand the medical specialist and needs ballet and :flowers and the theatre. To those during her lifetime, Miss Anthony's the advice of a close family friend, the she was devoted, and she received their de­ courage and determination lived on in family doctor, to counsel him. votion in full return. the suffragists who carried on her work The bill I introduced today would au­ To Frances her home was her comfort and after her death in 1906. These women­ thorize the appropriation of $50 million her satisfaction. We had only three during for the fiscal year beginning next July 1, the 45 years of marriage, but she made each founders of the National Woman's one distinctively her own, unmistakably a Party-waged the battle that Susan B. another $75 million for the following fis­ place in which living was to be enjoyed. Anthony had begun. cal year, and then $100 million for eaeh If I piled books and magazines high on In 1919 their campaign reached its of the next 3 fiscal years. the tables around my chair she fretted a mark as the Republican-controlled 66th These appropriations would be for the February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3447 purpose of making grants to medical then transmitted to students and to the degree than they are in getting an educa­ schools and hospitals to establish depart­ general public. tion. ments and programs in the field of fam­ Generally, however, the implementation of And if taxpayers feel that perhaps they are knowledge is the function of other struc­ paying too much for higher education, they ily practice and to encourage the train­ tures of our society-such as the political may have a point. University fac111ties every­ ing of medical and paramedical person­ structure, the industrial structure, the bus­ where have not been as productive as they nel in the :field of family medicine. iness structure, the community structure. should be and one cannot expect to go on There are too many people today who want increasing salaries while productivity de­ the university to devote its entire time and creases. We are still teaching at the ratio of A CRISIS IN AMERICAN HIGHER resources to following one path or another­ about 15 students for each faculty member EDUCATION to ending poverty, fighting racism, stopping and using many methods that have long since crime in the streets, ending the war in Viet­ been outmoded. nam. Everyone seems to want the university Indeed, in its report last year, the Com­ HON. ALBERT W. JOHNSON to do everything-and all at once. mittee on Economic Development composed OF PENNSYLVANIA But the question is, should universities of 200 leading businessmen and educators, stand at the beck and call of every politician said that the money expended on education IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or special interest group? Should the uni­ produced less in the way of improvemenrts in Monday, February 16, 1970 versities become action outfits? Should they the scope and quality of services than was become forums for various political move­ true of other services generally. Mr. JOHNSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. ments? It seems to me that for universities Behind this inefficiency, I believe, is the Speaker, on Saturday, February 7, 1970, to go out and attempt to change the world 1s fact that we are still using many methods the All Pennsylvania College Alumni As­ to make it very difficult for them to serve as that have long since been oUitmoded. We sociation of Washington, D.C., at a cita­ repositories of knowledge and as unbiased continue to do this because we have failed tion luncheon held in the Marriott Twin critics of the passing scene. An actor 1s not to question the fundamental validity of Bridges Motel, honored Dr. Eric A. in a position to critically analyze the play many of our basic concepts of teaching. in which he is engaged. And no man should For example, in spite of our growing rec­ Walker, president of the Pennsylvania be able to serve in the dual capacity as ognition of individual differences among hu­ -State University, by awarding him their judge and jury. man beings, not only in talent, abllity and 1970 citation in recognition of his out­ It is my feeling that many colleges and interest, but in rate of learning, we continue standing contrbution to the advance­ universities are now devoting so much time to force our students into a pattern designed ment and extension of the American to trying to change the world that they have for a mythical average student. ideals of education. forgotten not only their research functions, We take four nine-month years to accom­ Subsequent to the receipt of the 1970 but their teaching functions also. And as pllsh our purpose. Is there anything sacro­ they fail in their primary function, it is in­ sanct in this? How can we really justify it? citation, Dr. Walker, who will retire in evitable that eventually a reassessment will In England they use three years, and shorter June 1970, delivered the following ad­ come and people will ask why do they exist years at that. Other countries use five years. dress on the subject of "A Crisis in at all. But students learn at different rates and they American Higher Education": Now most of the problems that you have come to college in different stages of ad­ A CRISIS IN .AM.ElUCAN HIGHER EDUCATION been reading about on college campuses over vancement. Isn't it time we ask ourselves If you asked people today if there is a the past few years, have been student-versus­ very seriously whether we are right in trying crisis in American higher education, I'm sure administration problems. I think this is to tie everybody to a standard four-year you would find that most people would say, changing. I think the emphasis now will be curriculum? - "Yes." student-versus-faculty. Students are gradu­ Another albatross we have around our ally coming to realize that if their courses necks is the credit system. We seem to think And if you asked them what they con­ lack relevancy, it is many times because of sidered the crisis to be, I believe most people that a student should pass 124 credits of the faculty member teaching it. in would tell you that the crisis involves stu­ work one curriculum-say Liberal Arts-­ All of these are surface problems and, I and 154 credits in engineering to g~ a de­ dent demonstrations, student demands and believe, are second to the major problem of gree. The trouble 1s that the digits we are general unrest. financing in higher education. As I watch These are big problems to be sure, and on trying to use for measurement of credits are the financial progress of American education, not the same size-and even 1f they were, some campuses they have reached crisis pro­ I become more apprehensive that the whole we don't seem to try to equate them anyway. portions. But there is an even bigger crisis system is heading for a terrible fall. We are But we think that every course has to be looming on the horizon for every college-­ in danger of pricing ourselves out of business measured in numbers of credit hours or big or small. The new crisis is one that has if the cost of higher education continues to courses, or half-courses or units, or quarter been creeping up for a long time without a increase. hours. And we slave to change our courses, lot of fanfare, without coverage from the Public spending on each college student is stretch out the material, contract it, add news media, and without the knowledge of expected to climb almost 19 per cent to $1,805 irrelevant material, or leave out important the general public. in the next few years. At private institutions material in order to fit a calendar which de­ The major crisis coming that will affect the projection is higher. The question is, who mands a three-credit, four-credit, or two­ virtually every school in America is the is going to pay for this? Already local tax­ credit course. crisis in financing higher education. ing bodies are beginning to say that they It seems to me that all too often such a Colleges today are really faced with two have reached their limit in taxing property system restrains us from doing what we types of troubles-the surface crisis and the and wages. The states find themselves caught really ought to do. hidden crisis. in an almost unstoppable treadmill of higher Then somehow or other we feel th8it every First, let me talk about some of the sur­ costs with few, if any, new tax sources. And course ought to consist of fifty minute lec­ face problems colleges have today, and then although the Federal Government is con­ tures. Some brave souls have experimented I'll talk about the financial crisis. sidered by many people to be an inexhausti­ with thirty-minute lectures and some wirth Centuries ago, the main purpose of univer­ ble source of money, it cannot and will not seventy-five minute lectures. But no one has sities was to teach. In fact, universities then prove to be so. ever demonstrated that a lecture of some had no buildings, no libraries and no set Tied in with this problem of financing is particular length is necessary or the best, or classrooms. Universities then consisted only a general unwillingness among many sectors even better than any other length of lecture. of students and teachers. of our population to support higher educa­ With modern teaching aids such as film Gradually, universities acquired land and tion as it has been supported in the past. I strips, television, and audiovisual aids, wh1ch buildings and then research was introduced believe that there is gradually accruing can be used or not used as a teacher sees fit, as a function of the university. But during among the taxpayers the feeling that per­ should be force ourselves to stick to lectures World War II the colleges were called upon haps we are paying too much for higher edu­ of one particular length? not only to do research, but to serve as so­ cation. This rising wave of disaffection for And what about the lecture itself? cial instruments for accomplishing all sorts our nation's colleges, results in part, I believe, Too often, it seems to me, lectures are of new things-the development of weap­ from the poor image that has been created pretty wasteful devices by which symbols ons, the training of workmen for defense by a majority of students. are transferred from the notebook of the jobs, the indoctrination of military person- Indeed a Gallup survey last fall showed lecturer to the notebook of the student nel and so on. . that the major worry of America's adults without leaving much impression in the We've never quite gotten over this and as far as their schools are concerned is dis­ heads of either one. Since all kinds of copy­ now we find that many colleges are trying cipline, or rather the lack of it. ing machines are now generally available, to serve as instruments for social reform, and Part of the blame for this is that we have I see no reason why students shouldn't be on this score, I for one have very grave impressed on our youth that college is the given copies of the professor's notes and doubts. thing to do. We have implied that if you thus avoid the distracting and useless work The basic functions of a university are the don't go to college there are no other avenues of writing by longhand a set of symbols dissemination of truth and knowledge and open. And so we have many students today . which because of their brevity are often the search for new truth and knowledge--in who are really not interested in college as meaningless anyway. other words, teaching and research. This 1s such. They are more interested 1n getting a AB a matter ot fact, I bave always been OXVI--217-Part 3 3448 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 suspicious of lectures, especially 1f the lec­ I think it's about time we began experi­ our union, all elected by the rank-and-file turer has already written a book on the sub­ menting on new methods of teaching and membership. We have checked our records ject. For what can he say that is not already learning. on Mr. Huddleston and we find only that he in the book. And if it is worth saying, why was an organizer for District 50, which is no is it not in the book? longer afilliated with our union, between The answer often is that the student must UNITED MINE WORKERS UNDER 1943 and 1946. During that period, I was a be offered a chance to ask questions. But ATTACK UMW district president in Montana," Boyle if the question is important it should have pointed out. been answered in the lecture, and if it is The UMW president said the time has not important, then obviously answering it HON. FRANK M. CLARK come to put the record straight, so that is a waste of the time of both the professor OF PENNSYLVANIA the rantings of Yablonski's lawyer and his and all the other students in the class. Why sons, however understandable as an emo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should an entire class be held up because one tional reaction, will not pass as fact. student is not bright enough, or attentive Monday, February 16, 1970 Charges that there are 600 allegedly bogus enough, to get the point? We excuse this locals in the UMWA were dismissed by the sort of thing on the basis that it maintains a Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, over the federal district court in Washington, D.C. dialogue, a human relationship, and we in­ past several months the officers of the during the election campaign. sist that human relationships are essential United Mine Workers of America have Charges that the union has employed a in the learning process. We seek to avoid been subjected to increasing attack in blacklist to deny jobs to top Yablonski sup­ regimentation. Yet what can regiment stu­ the Nation's press and television. Much porters are "hogwash." The UMW has no dents more than forcing them to attend of the news carried about the union has hiring halls and the employers do the hir­ class with 100 or 25 or even 10 other stu­ been in the nature of charges which have ing. The law makes blacklists illegal. dents, listening to lectures in exactly the Charges of intimidation during the voting same detail. Taking exams in unison, and been made to appear as fact, even though are even more absurd. On the eve of the marching on to the final day when each will supporting evidence was lacking. election, Yablonski's lawyer claimed that be given a grade. There is no freedom for Last week, the president of the United 2,500 poll watchers, mostly outsiders and the learning process here, and neither free­ Mine Workers of America, W. A.

February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3449 The ranks CYf coal miners were split asunder PRIZE-WINNING ESSAYS BY NEW year old had a chance to vote, then he would during that struggle and the legisl·ation that JERSEY YOUTHS respect the United States in a tremendous finally passed reflected the weakness caused way. by our division. This year our union went to Well all this means that the eighteen year the legislature in Charleston as a united and old should have the right to vote. overwhelming force. This yea.r the coal miners HON. JAMESJ. HOWARD OF NEW JERSEY followed the union lea-dership and worked in WHAT THE MINIMUM VOTING AGE SHOULD BE close harmony. Our membership did not lose IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Joseph Westfield, Winner-St. Ann's one day's work, nor did our Welfare Fund Monday, February 16, 1970 School) lose royalties. Most importantly, the bill In this world of communication, we can which passed both houses is strong and we Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, recently not say that the eighteen year old of today believe an effective piece of legislation." the Greater Keansburg Jaycees of and the eighteen year old of seventeen Boyle thanked the leaders of both the Keansburg, N.J., sponsored an essay eighty-nine are equally well informed. I di­ House and Senate for their support of this writing contest, under the chairmanship rect this statement mainly toward the fact legislation. "Our legislative efforts would not of Mr. E. Gary Stover. The winners of that a newspaper informs the public of the have been possible without the support we political candidate's position on a certain received from the top leadership in both the the contest were Joseph Westerfield of St. Ann's School and Jan Flood of the subject faster and cheaper than in colonial House and the Senate. On behalf of all times. This certainly proves and best exem­ miners in West Virginia I want to thank Keansburg Public School. plifies the fact that the Constitution is out­ these legislators and express to them the As you know, Mr. Speaker, I have long dated and is in dire need of reform. It is gratitude of coal miners throughout the state been an advocate of lowering the voting mandatory that the citizens unite in passing for their willingness to support a far­ age to 18 and for that reason I have the eighteen year old vote. reaching and progressive compensation bill," sponsored House Joint Resolution 18 for In a survey about knowledge of the gov­ said Boyle. the past two Congresses. The subject of ernment, adults were found to know less "We also must express our appreciation to about this subject than an average group of Governor Arch Moore for his support of the the winning essays was "What I Think the Minimum Voting Age Should Be." teen-a,.gers. Facts from this survey prove you black lung legislation and his efforts to help are not necessarily smarter nor more well in its passage," Boyle added and called upon Becaue I was so impressed with the informed than a person if you are older than the Governor to sign the bill into law. He two winning essays I am placing them in that person. Indirectly it proves that you said: "We hope that Governor Moore will the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in order to need not have the best officials qualified for immediately sign this legislation into law. In give my colleagues an opportunity tore­ any particular government office. doing this he will make possible a fuller pro­ view these essays. I think the young Young people are always out to make an tection of the well-being of coal miners in impression on older people. Therefore, they West Virginia, protection which is warranted people themselves are the best argument in favor of lowering the voting age and would not let an ill-equipped man go into by the contribution that coal miners have office. In a way it is showing off. Yet, in a ma.de to that state over the years." I think a review of the two winning es­ more important way, it is doing your job to says will show why. the best of your ability. That is the most The essays follow: important thing about it. WHAT I THINK THE MINIMUM VOTING AGE Another phase is, it is extremely unfair LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY SHOULD BE . that these boys who fight for us-who die (By Jan Flood, Winner-Keansburg Public for us----can not freely choose whether they School) must go and fight. I am simply stating that I think that the minimum voting age they can not vote on whether they should be HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON drafted or not. He is trusted with a rifle, a should be eighteen. If the voting age was OF CALIFORNIA eighteen I believe that the United States hand grenade, and a knife, but, he is not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of America might have a better government. trusted to pull a small lever in a voting booth. It just does not make sense. He fights Monday, February 16, 1970 I say this because maybe if eighteen year olds had their chance to vote, maybe better a war in which he probably does not believe Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. men would be picked for the different gov­ in, and a war in which the country he is fighting for would rather sell out to the Speaker, 52 years ago today, on Febru­ ernment jobs. Not to say that the men who are in aren't any good, but some could be Communists than fight for themselves. ary 16, 1918, Lithuania became a free .. When it comes to voting however it is, and independent country. She became a better. Some people think that eighteen year olds No, he is too inexperienced," or "Him? I member of the international community are not mature enough but, these people doubt it. He would not even know what lever of sovereign nations in 1921 when Lithu­ don't care if an eighteen year old boy is to pull." These ignorant comments incrimi­ ania was received as a bona fide member mature or not to send him to Vietnam to nate the speaker as prejudiced against of the League of Nations. In 1922, the die. I guess they don"t think about that. younger would-be voters. It is a problem United States granted full diplomatic Was it these eighteen year olds that got us that must be eliminated in the first years into this war? No. It was these people who of the seventies. recognition to this nation, whose peoples The power of voting would help eliminate have resisted foreign subjugation for so think eighteen year olds shouldn't have the right to vote. another "problem"-demonstrations. To old­ long. Don't people realize that nine out of ten er people these are a disgrace, but, to young­ During the Second World War, the eighteen year olds are mature enough to er people merely a way of expressing them­ Republic of Lithuania was invaded and have the right to vote. The main reason these selves. Voters must realize that aside from she lost her independence on June 15, people think that eighteen year olds shouldn't writing their congressman a letter these 1940. Nonetheless, the United States has vote is because of hippies. They act as though eighteen year olds have no other ~ay of all eighteen year olds are hippies. This is expressing thenliSelves. "The Moratorium" continued to recognize the right of these was said to have been the main reason why people to seek a free and independent just not true. Anyway just because you have long hair, wear mod clothes and use such the eighteen year old vote did not pass in existence and we continue to maintain words as groovey, rap, and out-a-site does not New Jersey. To the ones who voted "no," I diplomatic accreditation with the last mean you're a hippie. Besides why should say, "There would have been no need to legitimately constituted representatives hippies be deprived of the right to vote at have a Moratorium had they the right to of Lithuania. eighteen? Because they wear their hair long, vote." I have known many people whose roots wear mod clothes and say groovey, rap and These problems are the main ingredients are in Lithuania. A good number of them out-of-site. If that is true why, are they still of the "generation gap." The "generation were born there, a larger number had American citizens. No one ever realized that gap" leads us into hippies and yippies who maybe the reason there are so many hippies in turn lead us into crime. With the solution parents or grandparents born there and is because they are rebelling against not to crime at our fingertips, it is our duty to many of them have relatives there now. being able to vote at the age of eighteen. carry it out. This is a crime of negligence­ We in the United States know national People say that eighteen year olds are not in a complex way, true-but, it is still neg­ pride, independence, liberty and justice. mature enough, they haven't lived long ligence. They are the negligent ones-the However, for the many thousands of op­ enough. How long do you have to live in this voters who are too blind to see the solution pressed people in Lithuania, these are country to realize that this great nation of to the most taxing problem that is facing only cherished, hoped for, but uncon­ ours is in great need of better politicians. our nation. It is the duty of every man or summated ideals. Maybe if the people who are ruining this woman who can vote to see that this prob­ country looked around and saw what they lem is demolished fast. You must extend L salute these people and recommit are doing, they would give 1n to the country the power of voting to another group who myself to supporting their just aspira­ and let the eighteen year olds get a chance cares. The "young militants," as they are tions for recovery of their liberty, inde­ to live. Let them have the rights that every­ called, do care what happens to this coun­ pendence, and self-determination. one· else has. I know that if the eighteen try. 3450 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970

This is my stand. To most people it is an As a ~ember of Congress, I want to FEDERALIZATION OF SCHOOLS impudent, brassy, outgoing statement. This assure the courageous Lithuanians that is not the way I feel now. It is the way you probably felt after reading it. Though it ob­ our Nation continues to support their just viously was not edited, it is believed that aspiration for freedom, and I want to HON. THOMAS G. ABERNETHY added spice to it. I wrote it to get a point express the fervent hope that the goal OF MISSISSIPPI across to you. I feel that undertaking was of Lithuanian self-determination shall IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES successful. What was done by Upton Sin­ soon be realized. Monday, February 16, 1970 clair with "The Jungle" it is felt will be done with this. I hope I have opened your ~r. ABERNETHY. ~r. Speaker, an eyes to the problems that branch out from editorial entitled, "And It Came to Pass," the "eighteen year old vote." EFFECTIVE CONS~R which appeared in the Jackson Daily PROTECTION News of Jackson, ~iss., on January 14, 1970, was brought to my attention by my constituent, Dr. James c. Pegues of LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY HON. FRANK J. DRASCO Greenwood, ~iss. OF NEW YORK In view of the rapid federalization of HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the schools of this Nation, I believe this OF ILLINOIS Monday, February 16, 1970 editorial should be seen and read by ~embers of the Congress. It follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ~. ~.Speaker, BRASCO. never be­ AND IT CAME TO PASS Monday, February 16, 1970 fore has there been such a widespread concern over the need for effective con­ Thirty-seven years ago an unbelieving edi­ ~.~tnNZIO.~r.Speaker,today-­ sumer protection programs and more tor sat down and wrote an editorial for his February 16, 1970--marks a special day paper, The Monroe Ev~ning News, of Mon­ in man's historic struggle for freedom ethical practices in industry. roe, Michigan, U.S.A. The date was Wednes­ and self-determination, for it was on Of course, Government has a respon­ day, Sept. 13,1933. this day 52 years ago that the Lithu­ sibility to the consumer to make certain Under the Lead Line, "Not That!", that that he receives full value in the pur­ incredulous American newspaper editor went anians established their own Government chase of goods and services. But it is on to ask his readers of three decades ago, and proclaimed their independence. equally important that the private sec­ "Are the schools of America to be used as a Subsequently, on September 22, 1921, propaganda agency to mould public opinion Lithuania was admitted to the League tor exercise leadership in behalf of the into conformity with the policies of the ad­ of Nations. Then, on July 27, 1922, the consumer; organizations in every field of ministration?" United States officially recognized the endeavor that relates directly to the Still in a tone of utter disbelief that editor independent state of Lithuania. A per­ consumer must play a role in this regard. went on to quote from an interview with manent Constitution was adopted, the It is gratifying to note, therefore, that one Louis P. Alber, Chief of the Speakers' in the field of live music an organization division of the NRA (National Recovery Act). Lithuanian economy was stabilized, and "Just read these astounding utterances by a renaissance of national culture ensued. that is acknowledged leader has dis­ played commendable initiative by de­ Mr. Alber," the editor challenged his sub­ But in 1939, the Soviet Union began scribers. an unwarranted assault on this tiny veloping several important guidelines to "The rugged individualism of American­ country, and by June 1940, the Soviet assist those planning to engage live ism must go, because it is contrary to the Army actually occupied Lithuania. The music for a social event. purpose of the New Deal and the NRA, which valiant Lithuanians had no alternative The organization is Steven Scott En­ is remaking America. but to concede to Soviet demands. terprises, Inc., the world's largest pro­ "Russia and Germany are attempting to Despite condemnation by the free vider of live music for all types of social compel a new order by means typical of and business functions. The "checklist" their nationalism--compulsion. The United world of this unlawful aggression States will do it by moral persuasion. Of against the sovereign rights of a free peo­ developed by Steven Scott is particularly course we expect some opposition, but the ple, the Soviet Union to this day still noteworthy when we consider that principles of the New Deal must be ca.rried occupies Lithuania and maintains troops quality of the music at a social func­ to the youth of the nation. We expect to within her borders. The national culture tion is vital to its success. accomplish by education what dictators in is gradually being destroyed, and the These are some of the guidelines de­ Europe are seeking to do by compulsion and Lithuanians are forced to suffer under veloped by Steven Scott Enterprises force." for the benefit of consumers planning to Mr. Alber went on to explain that a the yoke of Soviet oppression. "primer" outlining methods of teaching to During the 89th Congress, a concur­ engage a band or an orchestra: be used, along with motion pictures on the rent resolutbn was adopted by both the First. Consumers should seek refer­ subject were being prepared for distribution House and Senate recognizing the right ences from any group they plan to hire, to all public and parochial schools ln the of self-determination for Lithuania and they should ascertain where and for country, and commented: "The NRA is the the other Baltic States and urging the whom the group has played. outstanding part of the President's program, restoration of these rights to the Baltic Second. For best results, a reliable, es­ but in fact it is only a fragment. The gen­ tablished group should be selected. So­ eral public is not informed on the other peoples. I cosponsored and supported parts of the program, and the schools are this legislation, and today on the occa­ called pickup musicians rarely have the places to reach the future builders of sion of this anniversary, I want to re­ played together and often will sound like the nation." . . . iterate the sense of that resolution it. From our vantage point in history we which urged the restoration of sovereign Third. A reputable orchestra will have know that the notorious NRA was laid to rights and self-government to Lithuania a standard rate for similar events, rest early in its incubation period by the as well as to the other Baltic States. whether the setting is a small, suburban United States Supreme Court. What is im­ house of worship or large, fashionable portant to each and all of us today is what America has never recognized the has transpired in the intervening years forced incorporation of Lithuania into hotel. Consumers should be on guard since 1933. That editor of long ago remarked, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics against a group that will attempt to vary "So, according to Mr. Alber, NRA--sweeping and has always condemned this flagrant prices according to locations. and revolutionary as it is--is only a fragment denial of fundamental human rights. Fourth. ~ake sure that special cere­ of a greater program of which the public The time is long overdue for Soviet with­ monies are thoroughly understood by knows nothing, and this unknown program drawal from the Baltic States and for the leader and his orchestra well in ad­ is to be inculcated into the minds of pupils be in the schools everywhere, by official efforts the Baltic States question to be resolved vance of the event. Guests can em­ and at government expense . . . now our before the United Nations. barrassed or offended by carelessly schools are to become--like those o! Ger­ It is a privilege today to join my col­ planned music. many and Russia--an agency for the promo­ leagues in the Congress in observing this Fifth. Arrangements should be made tion of whatever political, social, and eco­ anniversary and in saluting Lithuanian­ well in advance of the event. Otherwise, nomic policies the adinlnistration may desire Americans in my Seventh Dlinois Con­ the group you prefer may have a pre­ to carry out. And the taxpayers, whether t:Qey gressional District as well as all over the vious commitment. like it or not, are to pay for having their children converted to those policies. The edi­ United States for their outstanding con­ I believe that in setting up these valu­ tor closed by stating: "The whole proposi­ tributions to our cultural traditions and able guidelines, Steven Scott Enterprises tion is so amazing, and so alarming in its for the credit and honor they have is performing an important service to the implications, that we refuse to take it seri­ brought our country. community. ously." February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3451 Take a look about you today with the time. Our cities are becoming more smog­ ating a new risk of cancer in man. Some Washington-directed school policies. Is the filled. Our streams are becoming more ridden crude oils contadn compounds that tend to Health, Education and Welfare Department with pollutants. Our air carries ever increas­ produce cancer in animals. Researchers, for doing exactly what the defunct NRA started ing amounts of chemical and industrial eXJample, have already found a high incidence out to do·? waste. of cancerous tissues in certain types of fish Not long ago oceanographers aboard the taken from the oily waters of Los Angeles research vessel Chain were collecting surface Harbor. Fish and shellfish that are e81ten by POLLUTION AND 1970 samples from a lonely expanse of the At­ man can ingest these oils. The chronic oil lantic south of Bermuda known as the Sar­ pollution may be leading to accumulation of gasso Sea. Instead, the scientists made a dis­ cancer-causing agents in hwnan food. HON. GEORGE E. SHIPLEY turbing discovery. Their nets quickly became There are 13,000 tons of air pollutants that OF U..LINOIS fouled with oil and tar-thick sticky globs descend daily on Los Angeles County. we up to three inches in diameter. Day after can take some comfort in the fact that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES day along a 630-mile stretch they cleaned tonnage of filth in the air 1s declining as Monday, February 16, 1970 the nets with solvent only to see them gum smog devices come into more common use. up again a few hours later. But the decline remains negligible compared Mr. SHIPLEY. Mr. Speaker, much has Dr. E. D. Goldberg, an oceanography chem­ to the problem. This past year some nine been said recently about pollution and ist, told a meeting of the American Geo­ billion pounds of smog hovered over Los An­ conservation. Some may assume that the physical Union that man is changing his geles. That's about a ton of pollutant for Republican Party created the concern. environment alm.ost as much as nature it­ every Los Angeles :man, woman and child. Dr. and Mrs. George S. Reuter, Jr., re­ self. Dr. Goldberg, of the Scripps Institu­ Biologists say tb.a.t thousands may actually tion of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif., said choke to death in the Long Beach area by cently spoke at a conference at Sikeston, the effects of pollution although they were the middle of 1970's if drastic steps are not Mo., on the subject. It is very evident not known, posed some haunting questions. taken. Smog is rapictly killing trees in a that the issue of pollution and conser­ Also, Dr. J. 0. Fletcher, a physical scientist 100,000 acre area of the San Ga.briel and vation, based on research, is old and that for the Rand Corp. in Santa Monica, Calif., San Bernardino Mountains. many congressional leaders of the Demo­ believes man has only a few decades to solve REALIZATION AND NEEDS the problem caused by pollution. cratic Party have played key roles in The Air Quality Act of 1967 is a far-reach­ the last 30 years. I thus insert in the DEFINITION AND INSIGHT ing and critically important measure au­ RECORD with my remarks on the impor­ I define pollution as man's seeminglly in­ thorizing major Federal support for a na­ tant issue of pollution and conservation cessant drive to diminish or even destroy tional program of ail' quality enhancement. the addresses of Dr. and Mrs. Reuter: the natural elements which sustain life and Substantial progress is being made toward POLLUTION AND 1970 make it pleasurable. It is an old problem the implementation of this program. OUr ca­ but it now shrieks with new urgency. The pacity, however, to pollute exceeds our ca­ (By Mrs. Helen H. Reuter, L.H.D.) urgency we felt in 1969 will be :ftothing like pacity to control pollution. For example, in INTRODUCTION what we are going to feel in 1970. Pollution the absence of control, sulfur oxide air pol­ We are immersed in the stream of time. of our environment is the result of the inter­ lution levels will continue to increase for the As history bears us onward over its cataracts action of man and his technologies to the next ten years. of change, we cannot be certain of all facts earth and its resources. As long as popula­ There is a growing realization of dangers in life. One thing is certain, however, the tions were small in relation to the earth's to environment. The UNESCO conference in problem of our physical environment is be­ resources, man could move on to other areas 1969 in San Francisco seriously considered ginning to catch up with modern man. All when he had produced conditions that were the issues. Prince Phillip's observation on the of us today are charged with the grave re­ unbearable, or unsafe, or unproductive. In "Today Show" indicated that the environ­ sponsibility to see to it that our children the past century, his ability to move on to mental problems were of major concern to and grandchildren do not inherit a sunless, new resource frontiers became increasingly the British people. The National Associa­ smoke-filled world of pollution. The air limited. The scientific and industrial revo­ tion of Educational Broadcasters, in annual around us belongs to everyone--to the fu­ lution, though its productivity was a boon convention, stated that environment and air ture as much as to the present-and every­ to man, began to exact a terrible toll on the pollution are number one national priorities, one has a deep obligation to help restore polluting of the environment it affected. worthy of the greatest attention. a wholesome atmosphere to the globe we live Now we know that air pollution can cause There is also a move afoot to strengthen an on. It is too late for apathy, for excuses or buildings to fall a.part or be washed away existing international convention designed recriminations. It is high time to clear the by rain, according to Dr. Erhard Winkler, a to limit oil pollution on the high seas. Cur­ air, high time for all of us to let mankind University of Notre Dame geologist. Sulphate, rently, the convention allows ships to dis­ know what we are doing. Air pollution con­ a poillutant released by burning coa.1 and fuel charge oil wastes when more than 100 miles trol is no longer something for health offi­ oil can combine with the calcium carbonate from land. Proposed amendments, which re­ cials only to worry about. Atmospheric con­ of marble, limestone or dolomite to form cal­ quire ratification by member nations, would ditions over the last couple of years have cium, or gypsum, which is 32 times more sol­ prohibit dumping of oil anywhere in clearly shown it to be a problem of concern: uble than limestone and is easily dissolved amounts greater than 16 gallons per nautical to every citizen. in rain. If the gypsum remains, it absorbs mile. It is, however, recognized that enforc­ Physicians have delved into the physical water. Swelling or shrinking depend upon ing the convention is practically an impos­ effects of air pollution. Our elderly, our the humidity, and eventually cracks the sible task. youth, individuals suffering from respira­ stone. Pollutants also can form weak acids The Commonwealth Edison Company re· tory and pulinonary diseases have become when the gases become dissOlved in rain and cently reported to the press what it is doing the helpless victims of our negligence in fog. to help reduce air pollution in the Chicago the area. Repeated exposures to contami­ A national publication recently quoted the area. Their plan of action for their company nated air have been known to wear down the prophetic words of the 19th century Scottish includes the following: body's defense mechanisms against respira­ essayist Thomas Carlyle. Upon viewing a 1. To cut in half, within the near future, tory disease. An association between high young America with a population of about the amount of coal burned in and around density living, air pollution and respiratory 25 million, Carlyle predicted: "You won't Chicago, and then to reduce it still more. illness has been found by researchers. In­ have any trouble in your country as long as 2. To increase as rapidly as possible the deed, urban living may impair health! you have a few people and much land, but share of nuclear power in their total produc­ Evidence indicates that Alaska is on the when you have many people and little land tion. threshold of economic expansion. The mag­ your tria.ls will begin." 3. To continue to install and improve elec­ nitude of the expansion is unknown, but trostatic precipitators at their stations. The any expansion is certain to increase pollu­ CURRENT STATUS goal is to try to have every precipitator pre­ tion pressures. Because Alaskan waters are, The history of our Nation has been one of vent 98 percent or more of waste particles for the most part, still clean, a unique op­ growing concern. From Gifford Pinchot and from the coal they burn from getting into portunity exists to apply a preventive pro­ Theodore Roosevelt to our conservation lead­ the air. gram based on ecosystem dynamics, instead ers in the Congress, we have grown in con­ 4. To use all the natural gas they can get. of the classical practice of cleanup after de­ cern. The Congress has passed meaningful To introduce new low-sulfur oil. And to con­ terioration has set in. legislation. On May 29, 1969, President Rich­ tinue their efforts to burn low-sulfur coal When the Mormon pioneers arrived in ard Nbron set up a new Environmental Qual­ successfully. Salt Lake valley in 1847, it was barren and ity Council. At the same time, he estab­ It was Ch.l..cago that helped to move Com­ dry. But the air was clean and the streams lished a Citizen's Advisory Comm.11ttee on En­ monwealth Edison Company ahead. The city from the mountains ran clean and spar­ vironmental Quality, headed by Laurance fathers passed the Chicago Air Pollution Con­ kling. Today smoke and smog choke the Rockefeller, President Nixon has begun to trol Ordinance. This ordinance becomes effec­ skies of the magnificent Utah land of Zion, move the country into a new era of effective tive in July of 1970. It requires that sulfur and the sparkling streams empty into the action in its fight to maintain a clean en­ emissions be lowered in progressive steps river Jordan and into the Great Salt Lake vironment. through 1974. The ordinance can be complied grimy and laden with refuse. Environmental Current tssu.es are still critical, however. with either by burning less coal or lower contamination is growing worse all the Dumping of oU in the sea may a8.so be ere- sulfur cola. 3452 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970

FUTURE STATUS treatment plants and the sludge incinerated, Chairman of the Democratic National Con­ We must establish as a goal clean air-air the amount of phosphorus in rainfall will vention in 1920, 1928, and 1936. He was Mi­ which will not cause disease and suffering, greB~tly increase. nority Leader of the Senate from 1923 to 1933 air which will not carry needless dirt and Art Buchwald may be correct, therefore, and Majority Leader from 1933 to 1937. He was waste and contamination. But we must de­ when he indicates that the big protest move­ the Democratic nominee for Vice President in velop a better understanding of the air we ment of the 1970's will concern itself with 1928. He died in Washington, D.C., July 14, breathe, the air which supports the food we pollution. He believes that students, teach­ 1937, and is buried at Roselawn Memorial grow, the air which helps to warm the earth ers, conservation groups and public-spirited Park, Little Rock. He was scheduled to be and protect us from space-born radiation. citizens are ready to wage war to improve President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first nomi­ I believe it is better to pay a small amount the environment, and if he is correct, we can nee to the United States Supreme Court but more for a car today knowing that in so do­ expect to see some tense scenes between the his death prevented this. Mrs. Robinson later ing a Lake Erie can be saved. Or, it is better antipollutors and those forces which are served as Postmaster of Little Rock. to pay a few cents more for a dress or a suit suspected of pollution. 5. Henry Agard Wallace of Iowa. Vice Pres­ ident Wallace was born in Adair County, knowing that in so doing a Grand River can CONSERVATION STATESMEN OF YESTERDAY be saved. Iowa, October 7, 1888, the son of Henry C. Finally, I envision an America and a world The list is too long to mention those and May (Brodhead) Wallace. He was edu­ where mankind and earth are in basic har­ Americans who have helped to guide us by cated at Iowa State (B.S., 1910 and M.S. in mony. We have seen enough in our triumphs critical problems in the area of conservation Agri (hon), 1920). He married Ilo Browne on in space to know that there is great hostility so all mankind was aided. It is appropriate, May 20, 1914, and their children are: Henry to the existence of life on other planets in however, to mention a few. B., Robert B., and Jean B. He was Associate our solar system. It is time to give up ideas of 1. James Hamilton Lewis of Ill1nois. Sen­ Editor of the Wallace's Farmer (1910--24), escape from this planet which God has ator Lewis was born in Danville, Virginia, Editor (1924-29), and Editor, Wallace's created for us. It is time to use our God-given May 18, 1863. After attending Houghton Col­ Farmer and Iowa Homestead (19-29-33). He abilities and create a world of harmony. lege in Augusta, Ga. and the University of served America as Secretary of Agriculture Virginia, he studied law at Savannah, Ga .• from 1933 to 1940, Vice President from 1941 POLLUTIONS AND OUR REFLECTIONS and attended Ohio Northern University in to 1945, and Secretary of Commerce from 1885 and practiced law in Seattle. While in (By GeorgeS. Reuter, Jr. (Ed. D)) 1945 to 1946. Also, he served as Editor of the the West, he served in Congress from Wash­ New Republic. His sixteen books have often INTRODUCTION ington in the Fifty-fifth (1897-99) and then been quoted. They go from Agricultural Prices The sources of air pollution are essentially served in the Spanish-American War. He (1920) to The Long Look Ahead (1960) and two: automobiles and industry. More than moved to Chicago in 1903 and was elected include Statesmanship and Religion (1936), half of the contamination in the air over the to the U.S. Senate three times-1912, 1930, The Century of the Common Man (1943), and United States consists of carbon monoxide, and 1936. He died in Washington, D.C. on Sixty Million Jobs (1945). He died in South most of it issuing from cars, trucks, and April 9, 1939, and is buried in Abbey Mauso­ Salem, New York, November 18, 1965, and buses. More than a tenth of air pollution is leum, adjoining Arlington National Ceme­ was buried in Des Moines, Iowa. hydrocarbons, most of which emanate from tery, Fort Myer, Va. 6. Alben William Barkley of Kentucky. auto exhausts as partially burned gaseous 2 Thomas James Walsh of Montana. Sen­ Vice President Barkley was born in Graves compounds. The second most plentiful gas ator Walsh was born in Two Rivers, Wise., County, Ky., November 24, 1877, the son of pollutant is composed of oxides of sulfur, June 12, 1859. He taught school and was John Wilson and Electra (Smith) Barkley. He produced by home and factory combustion graduated in law from the University of Wis­ was educated at Marvin College, Clinton, Ky. of sulfur-containing coal and oil. consin in 1884. He was admitted to the bar (A. B.) a student at Emory College, and the In 1967, these and other sources hurled the same year and started practice in Red­ University of Virginia Law School. At least 133 million tons of contaminates into the field, S. D., but he moved to Helena, Mon­ eleven institutions of higher learning atmosphere. In 1969, the annual rate is 142 tana in 1890. He was Permanent Chairman awarded him honorary degrees, including million tons-more than our annual produc­ of the Democratic Nat ional Convention in the LL. D. from the University of Kentucky. tion of steel. The increase comes from more 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, and 1932. He was He married Dorothy Brower on June 23, 1903, people, more autos, more industry, more U.S. Senator from Montana from 1913 to and she passed away on March 10, 1947. Their refuse disposal and largely inadequate con­ 1933. He had just been married and was re­ children are well known: David Murrell, t rol activities. This pollution is the direct turning via train to Washington to become Marian Frances (Mrs. Max O'Rell Truitt), result of affluence. Attorney-General. He died March 2, 1933. He and Lauro Louise (Mrs. Douglas MacArthur Water pollution is serious too. First, mu­ is burled at Resurrection Cemetery at Helena. III). Mrs. Truitt's husband, who was born in nicipal sewage: One third of the 19,200 com­ 3. Frank Murphy of Michigan. Mr. Justice Millersburg, Missouri, on January 25, 1904, munities with municipal water systems fail Murphy was born in Harbor Beach, Michi­ died on February 2, 1956, and is buried at Oak to meet existing Public Health Service stand­ gan, April 13, 1890, the son of John T. and Hill Cemetery, Washington, D.C. Their chil­ ards, which generally are not stringent Mary (Brennan) Murphy. He was educated dren are: Max O'Rell, Jr.; A. W. Barkley; enough and, in some cases, meaningless from at the University of Michigan (A. B., 1912 and Thomas Hulen; and Stephen McKenzie. the standpoint of pollution-control. Second, LL. B., 1914), and he did graduate study at Vice President Barkley married Jane (Mrs. industrial pollution is twice as big a prob­ Lincoln's Inn, London and Trinity College, Carleton S. Hadley), November 18, 1949. Mr. lem as municipal sewage. The treated and Dublin, and held many honorary degrees: Barkley held many important offices, which untreated industrial wastes discharged into LL.D., University of Santa Tomas, Manila, included: Congressman (1913-27), U.S. Sena­ our waters are equal to the untre81ted sewage 1934; Fordham, 1935; University of Philip­ tor ( 1927-49 and 1955-56) and Vice Presi­ of 165 million people. Indust rial effluents are p ines and Loyola University 1936; Univer­ dent (1949-53). He was Majority Leader from not now effectively regulated, and industry sity of Detroit, Duquesne University, 1937, St. 1937-47 and a part of 1949, and Minority it self has not responded adequately to the John's University, Brooklyn, 1938; New Leader of the Senate from 1947-49. He was needs of pollution control. A major steel Mexico State College, La. State College, St. Temporary Chairman of the Democratic Na­ manufacturing complex, supposedly a show­ Bonaventure College, University of Michigan, tional Convention in 1932, 1936, and 1948 case for control efforts, still contributes 10 John Marshall College, St. Joseph's College, and Permanent Chairman in 1940. He re­ percent of the total wastes flowing into Lake and Tulane, 1941; and Creighton and Wayne ceived many awards including the Collier's Erie. Also, there are septic tanks overflowing University, 1942. Award for Distinguished Service in Congress into natural watercourses, the discharge of He was admitted to the bar of Michigan in in 1947, the FDR Four Freedoms Award in ships and marine terminals, the influence of 1914. He served as Mayor of Detroit from 1930 1949, and a gold medal by Act of Congress on pesticides, silt washes into waters from land to 1933, Governor General and First U.S. August 12, 1949. He was author of That Re­ erosion and runoff, detergents and fertilizers High Commissioner to the Philippines from minds Me (1954). He passed away on April often pass through treatment but remain a 1935 to 1936, Governor of Michigan from 1937 30, 1956, and is buried at Mount Kenton major source of phosphate pollution, atomic to 1939, Attorney-General of the U.S. from Cemetery in Paducah, Ky. Mrs. Jane Rucker reactors have immensely detrimental envi­ 1939 to 1940, and Associate Justice of the Barkley, who was born in Ketesville, Mo., ronmental effects, etc. U.S. Supreme Court from 1940 to 1949. He September 23, 1911, died on September 6, Yes, many water pollution abB~tement died in Washington on July 19, 1949. 1964, and is buried in St. Louis. She was the efforts simply transfer pollutants to another 4. Joseph Taylor Robinson of Arkansas. sen­ mother of Anne C. and Jane E. location or another media, e.g., from water ator Robinson was born on a farm near Lo­ Really, the work of several others must to the air or the land. If phosphorus is noke, Arkansas, August 26, 1872. He was edu­ be mentioned by name only because of lack precipitated out into the sludge of a sewage cated at the University of Arkansas and of time today. They are: Frederick (Fred) treatment plant and the sludge is then in­ studied law at the University of Virginia. He Moore Vinson of Louisa, Ky. (January 22, cinerated, it is likely that some of the was admitted to the bar in 1895 and com­ 1890--September 8, 1953), Joseph Christopher phosphorus will be discharged into the menced the practice of law in Lonoke. He O'Mahoney of Cheyenne, Wyoming (Novem­ atmosphere and will be brought back to the was elected to the Fifty-eighth and the four ber 5, 1884-December 1, 1962), Clyde La­ land and water with the rain. The concen­ succeeding congresses (1903-1913). He was Verne Herring of Des Moines, Iowa (May 3, tration of phosphorus in rain is estimated Governor from January 16, 1913 to March 8, 1879-Beptember 15, 1945), Dr. Lester Calla­ to be from two to seventeen million pounds 1913. He was elected to the U.S. Senate and way Hunt of Cheyenne, Wyoming (July 8, per year-without the removal of phos­ served from 1913 to 1937. Little Rock was his 1892-June 19, 1954), Joseph F. Guffey of phorus. If phosphorus is removed at sewage home from 1913 until his death. He was Pennsylvania (December 29, 1870--March 6, February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3453 1959), Key Pittman of Nevada (September 19 The Environmental Studies Board of the COMMENDING THE FRANKLIN K. 1872-November 10, 1940), Vall Montgomery National Academy of Sciences urges the crea­ HOWARD COLLEGE BOARDS IN­ Pittman of Nevada (September 17, 1883- tion of a brigade of researchers who "could January 29, 1964), Charles Martin Hay of St. function like a fire department" in quickly STITUTE Louis, Mo. (November 10, 1879-January 16, exploring potential environmental crises 1945), Dr. Elbert Duncan Thomas of Salt such as suspicious rises in water or air Lake City, Utah (June 17, 1883-February 11, pollution. The board asks for the establlsh­ HON. FRANK J. BRASCO 1953), and Morris Sheppard of Texas (May 28, ~ent of a "National Laboratory for the En­ OF NEW YORK 1875-Aprll 9, 1941). vll'onmental Sciences" similar to such other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CURRENT CONSERVATION STATESMEN AT WORK contractor-operated national laboratories as those of the Atomic Energy Commission. Monday, February 16, 1970 Pages could be written about each of the John L. Gillis has suggested 1980 as a tar­ . Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, the dimen­ statesmen mentioned above and their many get year to bring water pollution under con­ contributions in this area, but we are con­ siOns of the problems that will confront ~rol. Americans have achieved great progress cerned about the future now. Yes, the pub­ 1n the conquest of outer space in ten years, our Nation in the decade ahead demand lic-in this case the choking, soot-covered hence a ten-year program to cleanse inner that our colleges and universities pro­ and increasingly sickened public-has finally space seems an altogether reasonable propo­ duce men and women with the skill and become aware that thousands of industries sition. Edward N. Cole believes that General the knowledge that will enable them to have been blatantly polluting the once-pure Motors can produce an "essentially pollu­ American air, land and water. Becoming assume positions of leadership in all tion-free" auto by 1980 and retain the in­ fields. aware, also, are a few legal agencies who are ternal combustion engine. taking seriously their responsibility for the Leaders like Smith Griswold and Harry Yet, never before in our history has public's interest, if not protection. Lion Boren are at work seeking answers for there been such a tremendous gap be­ In California, Governor Ronald Reagan, a mankind. Mr. Griswold, who drives a non­ tween the number of students seeking conservative Republican, is grappling with polluting car that runs on natural gas, does admission to college and the number of liberal Democrats for primacy in the battle not expect much from the Nixon administra­ seats that are available to them. there against pollution. Once again this year, tions on environmental problems. "SOme California legislators will consider a bill that The magnitude of this problem is re­ good minds are working, and solutions aren't flected in the fact that more than 50 would ban the internal-combustion engine hard to find. But in government, the squeak­ from California's busy highways. Senator iest wheel gets the grease." Dr. Boren is hard percent of all college applications are Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin has proposed at work for the State of Illinois as Assist­ denied admission to the college of their far-reaching legislative goals to cure the ail­ ant Attorney General in charge of pollution first choice. Just as alarming are reports ments of the natural environment in the control. Finally, there is the wise statesman that half of all those who do enter col­ 1970's. For immediate action, Senator Nel­ from Maine, Senator EdmundS. Muskie who son suggests stiff government regulation in lege never graduate. says that "rhetoric is not enough" to 'clean Because of the vast numbers of high five areas of pollution-phase out the auto­ up the nation's environment and estimated mobile's internal combustion engine during that the task will cost hundreds of billions school students seeking admission to col­ 1970 unless manufacturers develop pollution­ of dollars by the year 2000. lege, a strlcter process of selection has free exhausts, eliminate by 1972 all use of the Certainly there is no escape. Traces of the evolved; this takes the form of the col­ "hard" pesticides, restrict the ingredients of toxic gas, for example, have turned up in the lege board examinations. Indeed, the household detergents, set a deadline of De­ Alaskan tundra, off the coast of Hawaii, in scores made by students on these exami­ cember, 1972, for the airlines to install the middle of the California desert and at nations are among the primary critelia smokeless combustors on jet aircraft, and the top of the Colorado Rockie. The best outlaw the "no return" bottle and other dis­ for admission to virtually all colleges and evidence that small doses of monoxide can universities of our Nation. posable containers which have become com­ make trouble comes from a series of recent monplace in American marketing. studies of the effects of carbon monoxide on The growing emphasis on success in Welfare Secretary Robert H. Finch and heart patients and pregnant women. the college board examinations under­ Transportation Secretary John A. Volpe con­ The answer lies in all mankind joining scores the immense contribution that is ducted a meeting with 31 major airlines. hands in solving this problem. This is pos­ being made in the academic field by the Under the threat of corrective legislation, sible. Franklin K. Howard College Boards In­ virtually all the nation's airlines agreed to speed up steps to eliminate air pollution stitute in Garden City, N.Y. caused by jet engines. Mayor Richard J. Established in 1959, the institute, a Daley named H. WaJlace Poston to head the BISHOP PAPKEN subsidiary of Programmed Proprietary Chicago agency to protect the environment. Systems, Inc., a publicly held corpora­ Poston has been regionaJ director of water tion, spent 5 years in research and de­ pollution control for the federal government. HON. ARNOLD OLSEN velopment before accepting the first He will head the Chicago Department of En­ OF MONTANA vironmental Control, budgeted at $1,9:.17,- student for its college boards study skills 940 this year and expected to spend another IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES course. $1,000,000 in federal funds. Also, a new pol­ Tuesday, February 10, 1970 The course, which this year will have lution control facility became operational an enrollment of nearly 5,000, 10 times Ln Lincoln, N.H. This project is a substan­ Mr. OLSEN. Mr. Speaker, Bishop Pap­ the number of only 5 years ago, is an tia.! step in cleaning up the waters of the ken is one of the outstanding churchmen intensive review of the basic verbal and Pemigewasset River, one of the most scenic in the Washington, D.C., area who has, mathematical concepts of 4 years of high and polluted rivers in New Hampshire. The since coming here, contributed to the University of North Carolina, Duke Uni­ ecumenical movement by his many ac­ school. Students attend a 4-hour ses­ versity, and North Carolina State Univer­ tivities involving churchmen of differing sion once a week for 8 weeks. All instruc­ sity have entered into a pact with the fed­ faiths. He has welcomed visiting clergy tors are specialists in the areas of math­ eral government for a joint attack on air ematics and English and all are certified pollution. FinaJly, President Richard M. Nix­ to his church, the St. Mary's Armenian and licensed in their specialty field. on has proposed the most comprehensive Church on Fessenden Street, on several and costly program in the nation's history, occasions in the past year and has him­ I believe that the Franklin K. Howard including a $10-blJlion clean-waters pro­ self gone to other churches to represent College Boards Institute is performing an gram. the Armenian Church and has partici­ exemplary service to the community for THE FUTURE pated in community activities. Bishop more than one reason. The United States is on a suicide course Papken, wherever he has served in the First, of course, the institute, by help­ and has only one generation in which to country, has always been in the forefront ing high school seniors to attain higher save itself. According to Dr. Barry Com­ of the interfaith movement. scores on their college boards examina­ moner, Director of the Center for the Bi­ Bishop Papken is a worker for the an­ tion, is opening the door to a higher edu­ ology of Natural Systems in St. Louis, the cation for qualified young men and weapons of self-destruction are air pollu­ cient and venerable Armenian Church tion, insecticides and fertilizers. On the oth­ which, although it traces its origin back women who might otherwise be denied er side of the coin, President Nixon, indus­ to the Apostles of Christ who traveled this opportunity. trial leaders, housewives and students want to Armenia, is one of the most democratic Second, in emphasizing also the devel­ to clean up the environment. But it will churches of the world. opment of the student's study skills the cost billions of dollars, and thus far no one institute is helping to reduce the college appears ready to pay for it. And the price I wish Bishop Papken success in carry­ will go beyond dollars. Yes, some ot Amer­ ing the message of Christian fellowship dropout rate. ica's traditional values wm be called to ac­ and brotherhood from his church to his The president of the institute, A. Rob­ count. fellow Americans. ert Lieberman, and H. B. Wexler, the 3454 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 board chairman, both have had consider­ GLIBNESS IN THE CAMPAIGN rightly disturb Americans most of all? How can wiretapping stop a rapist or mugger? able experience in education, and their AGAINST CRIME Within the legal system, we must urgently efforts in developing this admirable pro­ try to develop a penology with some hope gram merit the highest praise. HON. RICHARD BOLLING of rehabilitating prisoners. It should surely In the 1970's we will need more doc­ not be beyond us to try criminal cases and tors, more engineers, more teachers, more OF MISSOURI resolve the appeals swiftly enough to make technicians-more professionals in every IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conViction a present threat. field of endeavor. I would like to com­ Monday, February 16, 1970 A more fundamental requirement is for the poltce to regain the confidence of the ghetto. mend the Franklin K. Howard College Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ The poor and the black are by far the most Boards Institute for its contributions in lowing editorial by Anthony Lewis of frequent victims of violent crimes. So long helping this Nation to achieve this im­ the London bureau of the New York as they consider the police prejudiced or portant goal. hostile, so long as they refuse to cooperate Times puts the crime problem in per­ with law enforcement or even to report spective in terms of warning against crimes, there can be no effective system of progressively harsher police and Gov­ deterrence. ernment measures as the solution. In But that raises the whole question of rela­ IN SUPPORT OF S. 2214 view of the Senate-passed crime legis­ tions between the black and white communi­ lation, I recommend the editorial to my ties--of welfare reform, of education, of em­ colleagues in the House who will be con­ ployment, of housing. It is inflnitely more HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT difficult for a Senator to face up to these sidering crime legislation: dilemmas and vote with any confidence for OF CALIFORNIA [From the New York Times, Monday, a solution than it is to vote for an anticrime IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Feb.9,1970] bill. But in the long run a bitter divided Monday, February 16, 1970 GLmNESS IN THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST CRIME society is not likely to be lawabiding. (By Anthony Lewis) Pretending that there are easy ways to Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, I rise in solve the American crime problem is not support of the passage of S. 2214. We LoNDON.--One of the attractions of Britain only foolish but dangerous. When the public have heard here today, from Congress­ for Americans these days is the simple feel­ is told that all will be well if only the police men who are interested in potato grow­ ing that it is safe. A person can walk through and the Government get tough and push a park or down the street at night, without aside the obstacles made by judges, and then ers from Congressmen who are inter­ giving a thought to the possibility of rob­ all is not well, what will the reaction be? est~d in potato processors, and I think bery or assault. By American standards the It could be to demand ever harsher police it is about time that we heard from a level of crime in generalis low. measures, in the belief that at some point Congressman who is interested primarily Why? Ask anyone who has thought seri­ dealing with the external man.ifestations of in potato eaters. Therefore, I want to ously about it, and he will mention that this social illness will work. At some point, of speak today on behalf of the potato con­ is a relatively homogeneous country, a toler­ course, repression would inhibit crime-with sumer; and I have lots of them in my ant and a contented one, without the ten of thousands of suspects held in deten­ extremes of wealth and poverty that breed tion without trial, say, and the Supreme congressional district. resentment. One of the strong traditions is Court swept aside if it found preventive de­ !Jet me make myself clear that I am community respect and even affection for the tention unconstitutional. in favor of every producer of an agri­ police. That prospect is not in view, hopefully. cultural commodity receiving a return In short, the reasons go deep into the John Mitchell and Richard Nixon surely do for his commodity, that will enable him character of this society and the economic not want to arrive at that point or anywhere to make a good living. I support a pro­ and political direction given by its leaders near it. But then it would be Wise to tell gram that will return to our farmers a since the age of reform began in the nine­ the American people the truth about the teenth century. The explanation does not money and time and leadership it will take fair price for what they produce. How­ lie in the way suspects are questioned or to make life in their country safe again. ever I know it to be the goal of certain criminal trials conducted. adv~cates of potato marketing orders to Americans might think about that. For greatly increase the price that they re­ the premise of the Nixon Administration and BEST RADIO PUBLIC SERVICE PRO­ ceive for their potatoes by withholding the overwhelming Congressional majority GRAM-WJDA, QUINCY, MASS.-1969 from the market potatoes that are edible now pushing through harsh crime legisla­ and of good quality for processing or tion is that "unshackling" the police and eating. These potatoes would then be di­ prosecutors will substantially alleviate the HON. JAMES A. BURKE appalllng American crime problem. That is OF MASSACHUSETTS verted into livestock feed or other non­ the justification for cutting so hard into food uses. the established rights of defendants, as de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is hoped by the advocates of such a tailed by Tom Wicker in this space. Monday, February 16, 1970 program that they would then be ~ble to THE CONFESSION ISSUE sell the remaining portion of their crop Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. One does not have to admire everything Speaker, I desire to compliment my able for greatly increased prices to the con­ the Supreme Court has done by way of sumers and to the processors. To many, judicializing the criminal law to see that and distinguished friend, Mr. Herb Fon­ this is wasteful and unfair to the con­ undoing the Court's decisions will not solve taine of the WJDA radio station, Quincy, sumer. the crime problem. Take the restraints on Mass., on his being recently awarded the I believe that growers should be free confessions, which are most bitterly at­ United Press International Tom Phillips to produce as many potatoes as they are tacked by the police and prosecutors. Prof. Award for 1969's best radio public service James Vorenberg of the Harvard Law School, program in New England. able to grow and then to market them in whom some liberals consider a hardliner, has the most effective way possible. I want I am confident that my colleagues share shown how little relevance the confession is­ my acclaim for Herb's winning series, the grower to have complete freedom sue has. to sell his crop on a fresh market, to a The President's Crime Commission, of "The Drug Menace-1969" and join me potato freezer, to a potato chipper, to a which Professor Vorenberg was Director, re­ in expressing admiration and gratitude potato canner, to a potato dehydrator, or ported In 1967 that only one-tenth to one­ for the service he has performed in to any other potential buyer of potatoes. third of all crimes committed are actually bringing to his listeners' attention the By the same token, I want the processor reported to the poltce. There are arrests in critical problem of drug abuse. only a quarter of those reported, and confes­ Mr. Speaker at this point I would like to be free to buy all good and edible po­ sions are essential to resolution of only a to submit a news item announcing Mr. tatoes in a market that is controlled by small proportion of those. Professor Voren­ Fontaine's achievements: competition. I am convinced that this berg concluded that judicial restrictions on will then result in my potato consumers the confession process could affect only a [From the Patriot Ledger, Feb. 3, 1970] receiving the best possible potatoes and fraction of 1 per cent of crimes. RADIO STATION W JDA WINS UPI PuBLIC potato products at the lowest possible Or think about some of the methods now SERVICE AWARD described as vital to law enforcemenir-wire­ QumcY.-Radio Station WJDA has been price. tapping, breaking into homes without knock­ awarded United Press International's Tom I know that the passage of S. 2214 is ing, limiting the right of defendants at trial Phillips Award for the past year's best radio necessary if this condition is to prevail. to know the sources of prosecution evidence. public service program in New England. That is why I am fully in support of this What will they do, what can they do, to The winning entry was a productJ.on of legislation. reduce the volume of street crimes that "The Drug Menace--1969" a 24-week series, February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3455 produced and moderated by news editor­ tenq. a particular school against the choice VIETNAM director, Herb Fontaine, assisted by the WJDA of his or her parents or parent in order news staff. to overcome racial imbalance. Panelists taking part during the series in­ "Section 410. No part of the funds con­ cluded school officials, police chiefs, physi­ tained in this act shall be used to force HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT cians, former and present drug addicts, psy­ busing of students, tlie abolishment of any OF LOUISIANA chiatrists, district attorneys and high school school or the attendance of students at a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES students. particular school in order to overcome racial Mr. Fontaine worked at Radio Stations imbalance as a condition precedent to ob­ Monday, February 16, 1970 WCOU AM-FM in Lewiston, Maine, prior to taining federal funds otherwise available joining WJDA in 1955. A veteran of World to any state, school district or school." Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, much has War II, he served with the 1st Cavalry Divi­ In the 1970 appropriations act for the De­ been said and written about the Vietnam sion in the Pacific theater. partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, war by individuals who have never vis­ He is a graduate of Medford High School which has been vetoed by President Nixon, ited or served in that country. and attended Boston University, and Emerson these sections were revised to rea-d: For that reason I want to insert in the College. Mr. Fontaine lives at 30 Squanto "Section 407. Except as required by the RECORD a letter from a first lieutenant Road with his wife, the former Barbara Constitution, no part of the funds con­ Jaspon of Quincy, and three sons. tained in this act may be used to force any who is currently serving with the Marine The award was presented at a dinner last school district to take any actions involving Corps in Vietnam. Friday night of some 170 broadcasters at the the busing ·or students, the abolishment of The letter was written by 1st Lt. Darrell Marriot Hotel in Newton. James D. Asher, any school or the assignment of any student H. Richards in response to antiwar dem­ owner of W JDA and WESX in Salem, and attending any elementary or secondary onstrations. It was brought to my atten­ Program Director Win Bettinson, were pres­ school to a particular school against the tion by his mother, Mrs. John R. Rich­ ent for award ceremonies. choice of his or her parents or parent. ards, who resides in my congressional "Section 408. Except as required by the Constitution, no part of the funds con­ district in New Orleans. tained in this act shall be used to force Mrs. Richards, in her letter to me, says any school district to take any actions in­ she is very proud of her son, and I can BOTH THE c:rvn. RIGHTS ACT OF volving the busing of students, the abolish­ certainly see why. You will, too, after you 1964 AND APPROPRIATIONS ACTS ment of any school or the assignment of read his letter. OF 1969 AND 1970 CONTAIN PRO­ students to a particular school as a con­ I was deeply impressed with the HIBITIONS AGAINST BUSING STU­ dition precedent to obtaining federal funds thoughts conveyed by this young officer, DENTS otherwise available to any state, school dis­ trict or school." and I insert them at this point in the After President Nixon's veto of the bill, RECORD so every Member of Congress HON. JOE L. EVINS it went back to a House Appropriations sub­ may have the opportunity to read them: OF TENNESSEE committee. The phrase "except as required JANUARY 15, 1970. by the Constitution" makes the two provi­ DEAR Sm: I am a 1st Lt. in the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sions valueless because there is nothing in States Marine Corps in Vietnam. I have been Monday, February 16, 1970 the Constitution that directly or indirectly here for 7 months and have been on several deals with the compulsory busing of school operations. I had a friend who asked how I Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, children. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 states felt about the war at this stage. Knowing the intent of the Congress in laws and broadly the power of Congress to forbid the this person, as I feel I do, and sensing her statutes is clear with respect to the use of public funds to correct "racial im­ non-support _of the present administrations busing of students to achieve "racial bal­ balance," of a state law or deliberate dis­ policy over here, I wrote back the following, ance." However, the administration of crimination locally. hoping to enlighten her as to what is indeed the laws by the Department of Health, What the people everywhere are insisting happening. Education, and Welfare is fuzzy. upon is "freedom of choice" insofar as the Just as I hope she may discover the real In this connection I include in the districts in which they reside are concerned. truth. I hope that you will print the follow­ They want to be able to send their children ing for those of the public who are in the RECORD a column by the noted columnist, to any school within a school district, but same classification. David Lawrence, from the Nashville Ban­ they cannot, under court orders, object to "I don't like war," this war or any other! ner, which will be of interest to my col­ children or other races attending the same Yet sometimes they are necessary. If a man leagues and the American people. schools. The parents, however, do not feel strikes at me or actively threatens me, or The column follows: their own children should be required to go those of my own I have but two courses of to a distant school to correct "racial im­ "LAW OF THE LAND" PRoHmrrs FORCED SCHOOL action to take. BUSING balance." Congress has specifically ruled Firstly, I can make no overt responsive against this remedy and has, in effect, pro­ action, but instead try to settle the dispute (By David Lawrence) hibited not only the courts from issuing in a nonviolent, peaceful manner. The alter­ WABHINGTON.-The Constitution Of the such an order but also the Department of native is to strike back as an act of self­ United States specifically says that Congress Health, Education, and Welfare from carry­ defense! Comparatively, the communists may by law limit the jurisdiction of the ing out any such instructions of the courts. threatened me and those of my own. Supreme Court. Oongress recently has passed The administration has a-ppointed a spe­ Russia, Red China, North Vietnam, as well such a law, forbidding the courts to issue cial Cabinet committee under Vice President as the other communistic satell1te nations are any order to achieve "racial balance" in the Agnew to try to solve the problem. It cer­ not satisfied with our existence. Their doc­ schools by busing. The Civil Rights Act of tainly needs further study, particularly by trine calls for us to change or be destroyed I 1964 says: • legal experts, so that some solution in con­ Here in Vietnam, their oppressive doctrine "Nothing hereln shall empower any official formity with "the law of the land" may be is being forced upon the people. Thousands or court of the United States to issue any found. upon thousands of innocent civilians, who order seeking to achieve a racial balance seek freedom in a democratic society, are in any school by requiring the transportation being killed, tortured, and wounded by the of pupils or students from one school to MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN-HOW enemy. In many cases their brutal acts are another or one school district to another in LONG? carried out only as a deterrence to the order to achieve such racial balance, or other­ people's goals. wise enlarge the existing power of the courts to insure complia-nce with constitutional I, as most men over here, see these peo­ HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE ple fighting for their freedom, just as we standards." did, when we were a striving nation. In another section of the same act is the OF IOWA following provision: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The people of South Vietnam extended their desire for us to come to their assistance " 'Desegregation' shall not mean the as­ Monday, February 16, 1970 signment of students to public schools in in their struggle for freedom. We must be realistic. We are not only coming to their order to overcome racial imbala-nce." Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child aid as an act which is totally and unselfishly In the 1969 appropriations act of the De­ asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: for their benefit alone. But entered this war parttnent of Health, Education, and Welfare, "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my for our own preservation as well. In an in­ there were two sections that dealt with the husband alive or dead?'' forced busing of students. These provide: direct way we are fighting now to prevent "Section 409. No part of the funds con­ Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ a future conflict that might even bring th~ tained in this act may be used to force tically practicing spiritual and mental battlefield to our own homeland, if com­ busing of students, abolishment of any genocide on over 1,400 American prison­ munism's surge was to continue without school, or to force any student attending ers of war and their families. confrontation. any elementary or secondary school to at- How long? Yes, there are those fatalists who say com- CXVI--218--Part 3 3456 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 munism will conquer all! But there are the referred to as the "Father of the State ious for congressional approval of Phase 2 multitudes of those Americans, who feel just Fire College" has long served the people (the precise extent of which is still secret). as John Paul Jones did in the 1770's. of our State in a most needed capacity. At Helsinki, Soviet negotiators were not We realize that the war could have been openly confessing any apprehension about ended earlier with an unlimited military Jim Fleming worked tirelessly to edu­ the U.S. ABM program but, reading between effort. It was not done, and it is too late! The cate and train Florida firemen. He began the lines, diplomatic experts detected a deep war has now evolved to a political war. his association with the Fire College as and underlying concern over the rapidly The enemy has been defeated militarily. an instructor and coordinator and rose to growing U.S. ABM technology. That Soviet His strike now is like that of a dying snake. become chief of the college through his view of the ABM, moreover, is significantly He may still be a threat, but only until the hard work, devotion, and skill. different from two years ago and reflects a sun goes down. Come nightfall, he is dead. His work will live on as a monument to basic change in Soviet thinking on strategic Thus we find the enemy! The dust of his weapons. war has come. Infiltration has been down him-for the hundreds of men who at­ When Premier Alexei Kosygin came and met 60 % and over, the percentage of the past tended Florida State Fire College will President Johnson at Glassboro, N.J., in 1967, year. Defections are on the ever rise. Large carry on the great traditions of devotion he defended the Soviet beginning of an ABM numbers are dying from malaria, hunger, and duty which Jim so aptly taught them. system as a humanitarian insurance policy­ and lack of medical attention. Their moral, Those of us who knew him personally a defense measure for civllians against pos­ endurance, and hopes have come near their were doubly blessed-in having known sible nuclear attack. end. him as a friend. This appraisal had undergone conceptual They endure with one remaining hope. The Florida State Fire College, the transformation at Helsinki. Instead of being That hope is their only chance of victory. a humanitarian Soviet development, it had They await a large scale withdrawal of Ocala community, and all the State of become a wicked multiplying factor in U.S. American forces. Florida are better places today because of escalation of the arms race, in other words, I detest those people back home who ac­ Jim Fleming. rapid technological advances by the U.S. in tively protest the war and the policies of ABM development had obliterated the So­ this administration. I can speak for most viet rationale about ABMs. men fighting over here when I say we have ABM, MIRV, AND STICKING TO THE Indeed, the Soviets now seem to be dupli­ great oontempt for them. cating Mr. Johnson's position at Glassboro The only reason the enemy has held on so FACTS when he argued that neither nation should long, is because he thinks the American start building the ABM. Mr. Johnson's view people's demand for an immediate large­ was that, once either side began develop­ scale pullout wlll be met. HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT ment of the ABM, the other side would have The South Vietnamese Government forces OF CALIFORNIA to develop a new offensive capabillty to offset are nearing the level of capability neede4 to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the added protection of the ABM. maintain the war themselves. They are mak­ This made little or no impression on the ing great progress in achieving this position. Monday, February 16, 1970 Russians. Now, however, as they face a more However, at the present stage, the war cannot Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, the col­ advanced ABM technology in the U.S. than be won by their effort alone. umnists Rowland Evans and Robert they themselves possess, they regard the U.S. The enemy fully realizes the gravity of the Novak are known for the thoroughness system as one that carries the gravest long­ situation. He knows a total pullout would be range threat to the Soviet Union. premature at this point. Should this happen, with which they check out information There was no similar Soviet concern at a communist takeover would possibly be before printing it. However, it was dis­ Helsinki over U.S. development of MffiVs. inevitable for the people of South Vietnam. appointing to read their column of Jan­ Here, the technological advantage is strongly The ability of the North Vietnamese Army uary 21, which was inaccurate on several with the Russians, for one major reason: the and the Viet Cong to sustain themselves counts. These inaccuracies were pointed thrust or "throw-weight" of the standard agaJlnst overwhelming odds, has been based out by former Senator Joseph S. Clark, Soviet long-range missile, the 88-9, is in­ on one main hope; that of an immediate of Pennsylvania, in a letter of rebuttal comparably greater than the thrust of the withdrawal of all U.S. troops. Minuteman, the standard U.S. long-range If the American people were united in published in the Washington Post on missile. cause, this one remaining hope for victory February 3, 1970. Boiled down, this means that when the would be destroyed. But instead, the enemy's Under leave granted, I include the 88-9 is "Mlrved"-that is, when its up-to-25- hope is being nourished by the active pro­ Evans and Novak column entitled "ABM megaton warhead is split into three parts and testers and demonstrators. As a result, a Is Best U.S. Bargaining Card in Arms three separate weapons are dropped from a greater price is being paid with each passing Talks With the Russians," followed by single ca.rrier-e'a.Ch of the three parts could day. Each day that the enemy has his one Senator Clark's letter, at this point in the be a death threat to a hardened U.S. Minute­ last hope to cllng to, more American blood RECORD: man site not protected by ABM. is spllled upon the battlefield, and there are But when the Minuteman is "Mirved," the more aluminum caskets and amputees. These ABM Is BEST U.S. BARGAINING CARD IN ARMS result is three weapons of only fractional protesters are killlng us. Although their TALKS WITH THE RUSSIANS megatonna.ge--useful as a counterforce blows are indirect, they are killlng us just (By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak) against Soviet industrial targets and popula­ as much as the bullets made in Russia and U.S. development of the antiballlstic mis­ tion centers in response to a Soviet first­ Red China. This is why we detest the pro­ slle (ABM), approved by a one-vote margin strike, but not as destroyers of 88-9 missile testers and their demonstrations. in the Senate last year after a convulsive sites. Yes, many of them may sincerely belleve battle, is proving to be the best card in the Thus President Nixon's one-vote victory in their cause. But regardless of their ignor­ U.S. hand in strategic arms limitation talks margin in the senate battle over the ABM ance, I have seen the price paid by Amerioa.n with the Soviet Union. last year, widely described then as a pyrrhic fighting men, due to the unawareness to the "Without the ABM, we would have been victory, may prove the seed of eventual suc­ truth of the protester. If they were over dead at Helsinki," one top presidential cess in negotiating a serious defensive and here, then they might see what it is really arms-control adviser said privately in assess­ offensive arms-control agreement with the like, and what it is all about. ing the first stage of the arms talks in Fin­ Soviets when the talks resume at Vienna in I respect a person's right to voice his opin­ land. April. That agreement will not come soon. ion, but when American men bleed and die Although U.S. experts learned long ago to But without last year's decision to move as a result, it no longer should be a right, be triply cautious in appraising Soviet nego­ ahead with the ABM, it might not have come we therefore object. tiating objectives-real objectives, as op­ at all. 1ST. LT. DARRELL H. RICHARDS. posed to propaganda objectives--the Helsinki talks, now in recess, left the following im­ THE ABM, THE MffiV AND THE SALT TALKS pression on the American negotiating team: I feel obligated to comment on the recent U.S. development of the ABM has become Washington Post column by my longtime A DEDICATED CITIZEN almost an obsession with Moscow. However, friends Rowland Evans and Robert Novak. U.S. development of MffiVs-multiple, inde­ Their piece "ABM Is Best U.S. Bargaining pendently targeted re-entry vehicles--is al­ Card in Arms Talks With the Russians" re­ HON. BILL CHAPPELL, JR. most beneath Soviet attention. layed (I would be interested in knowing from OF FLORIDA I! this genuinely reflects Soviet thinking, whom) so many incorrect facts and false it means that the ABM, not the MIRV, is the assumptions regarding so critical an issue-­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES best u.s. bargaining counter in trying to that could be man's last hopeful chance for Monday, February 16, 1970 convince Moscow that the time has come to peace--that it must be challenged and ex­ ease off the dangerous nuclear arms race. The amined In depth. Mr. CHAPPELL. Mr. Speaker, last Nixon administration definitely thinks so. We are assured right off that "U.S. experts month Ocala and the State of Florida Thus, Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, who learned long ago to be triply cautious in lost one of its most dedicated citizens. led the 1969 battle for Phase 1 of President appraising Soviet objectives ..." I would James Albert Fleming, most properly Nixon's Safeguard ABM plan, is just as anx- imagine the Soviets also are somewhat February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3457 cautious; maybe even more so considering TRIDUTE TO DR. THOMAS H. DR. THOMAS H. HENDERSON the United States, which proposed the SALT HENDERSON The death of Dr. Thomas Howard Hender­ talks some two years ago, entered the nego­ son, president of Virginia Union University, tiations which it had requested with no def­ has ended the remarkable career of the inite proposals or objectives. HON. DAVID E. SATTERFIELD III grandson of a slave whose connection with It seems unlikely that the "ABM has be­ the Baptist-related university spanned more come almost an obsession with Moscow." OF VIRGINIA than 40 years. After beginning deployment of the ABMs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A decade ago when Dr. Henderson became around Moscow, the Soviets soon discon­ the president of the 105-year-old institution, tinued deployment. It would not seem to fol­ Monday, February 16, 1970 he vowed that "the pursuit of acadeinic ex­ low that they would have an "obsessive" fear cellence will be our ceaseless and most en­ of a weapons system that they themselves Mr. SATTERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the Commonwealth of Virginia recently lost gaging challenge." He kept his word. Under have abandoned. Perhaps the Soviets realized, his leadership VUU has climbed to new as I hope the United States soon will, that the an outstanding citizen, Dr. Thomas heights of achievement. ABM can easily be neutralized with increased Howard Henderson, president of Vir­ Never one to accentuate the negative, and less expensive offensive strategies, and ginia Union University, who died at the that, because we are in the initial phase of Dr. Henderson saw problexns as challenges ABM research and development, the present age of 59. Dr. Henderson, a native Vir­ that could lead to greater opportunities. He state of ABM technology makes today's sys­ ginian, who rose to a position of emi­ firmly believed that education was the key to tem already obsolete. nence in the field of education, devoted a better future, not only for his race, but for Secretary of Defense Laird is said to be his entire life to the service of others. all men. "anxious for congressional approval of Phase Born in Mecklenburg County, Va., in Dr. Henderson's contributions to educa­ 2 (ABM)" so as "to convince Moscow that tion and to society were not limited to VUU. 1910, he came to Richmond and Virginia He had served as a member of the Richmond the time has come to ease off the dangerous Union University where he earned his nuclear arms race." It is a unique twist of School Board since 1965 and had been active logic that seeks a reduction of arms by pro­ B.S. degree in 1928. Subsequently he in many education and civic organizations on posing an increase.-If we were to grant the pursued his education at the University the local, state and national levels. earlier contention of deep Soviet apprehen­ of Chicago where he received his His firm commitmenrt; to education was sion of the ABM, it would be even more master's and Ph. D. degrees. exceeded only by his deep faith in God and ridiculous to expect that an expanded ABM His career in education began at the brotherhood. He suxnmed up his personal faith I! an would convince the Soviets "to ease off." age of 18 at Armstrong High School in MIRV was of no concern to the Soviets, we article written for a Times-Dispatch Lenten are told, because "here, the technological the city of Richmond where he taught season series in 1953, when as VUU dean, he advantages is strongly with the Russians," chemistry. Thirteen years later he be­ wrote: "The belief in the brotherhood of because "the thrust or 'throw-weight' of the came the Dean of the College of Arts man challenges me to live by a positive standard Soviet long-range missile, the Ss-9, and Sciences at Virginia Union Uni­ Golden Rule; to go out of my way to do for is comparably greater than the thrust of the versity, a position which he held until others what I would like them to do for Minuteman, the standard U.S. long-range his appointment in 1960 as president of me; to examine every impulse in dealing missile." This conclusion is based on both that university. with others . .. the idea. of brotherhood leads incomplete analysis and incorrect facts. First, me away from an easy, self-righteous con­ "throw-weight" is only one, and the least It was a tribute to his ability that he dexnnation of errant behavior in others into significant, fact in measuring the effective­ was selected to be the first layman ever hard efforts to understand the causes of ness of MIRV; the vital element being accu­ to serve as president of this Baptist-re­ human mistakes and to work toward their racy, and the United States is way out ahead lated university. The wisdom of that prevention. Under the influence of this idea, in this regard. Second, "the standard Soviet selection became more than apparent self-respect becomes blended with humility long-range missile" is not the Ss-9, but during the next 9 years when his ad­ in the realization that all brothers are equal rather the smaller "throw-weight" ss-11. ministrative ability succeeded in pro­ in certain rights, especially to the right to be It is correctly stated that a Mirved ss-9 repected and the right to opportunity." "could be a death threat to a hardened U.S. ducing an extensive building program Dr. Henderson's all too-brief career Minuteman site not protected by ABM." But at the university, including the addition spanned an important era for his race, an the claim that a Mirved U.S. Minuteman, of a science building, two dormitories era in which he played a leading role. yielding three smaller weapons, is not effec­ and a student union building, in dou­ tive against S8-9 missile sites is not correct. bling the size of the faculty; in increas­ Again, only one factor relating to the effec­ ing student enrollment by 28 percent; tiveness of MffiV-size of the warhead-was in initiating a student faculty exchange given consideration; while accuracy, at with Concordia College in Moorhead, NAVY CROSS AWARD TO which the United States excels, is critical MASSACHUSETTS MARINE (even indirect or near hits, by silo disloca­ Minn., and in effecting a merger with tion and disruption, can knock out a missile Storer College in the Shenandoah Val­ site). ley. HON. JAMES A. BURKE The ABM is not "the best card in the U.S. In 1940 Dr. Henderson led the fight for OF MASSACHUSETTS hand in strategic arms limitation talks with equal pay for teachers in Virginia and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Soviet Union." In fact, continued deploy­ later during the decade of the fifties ment of ABM and development of MmV Monday, February 16, 1970 jeopardize the SALT talks by adding uncer­ served as an expert witness on matters tainty, instability, and probable escalation up involving school segregation. Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. M'r. the arms ladder at what could be an ideal He served as a member of Richmond's Speaker, I can think of few circum­ time for productive arms limitation agree­ school board, was a former president of stances which moved me so profoundly ments, with both the Soviet Union and the the Central Intercollegiate Athletic As­ as the occasion I had recently to meet United States at approximate equality in sociation, served as chairman of the with Mr. Thomas Casey of Milton, Mass. strategic nuclear weaponry. What is more, Mr. Casey and his wife not long ago should talks continue and an agreement be Richmond Urban League and as vice reached in spite of continued deployment of chairman of the Virginia Council on Hu­ accepted in behalf of their son, Marine ABM and MmV, we may find ourselves with man Relations. He also served as a mem­ L.Cpl. Thomas M. Casey, Jr., 23, the an agreement that exists on paper but that ber of the Governor's commission on the NavY Cross which was awarded post­ finds us little or no farther away from the problems of children born out of wed­ humously for extraordinary heroism in brink of nuclear war than before SALT; the lock, worked for the United Givers Fund Vietnam. means having eaten up the ends. and served on the Richmond Area Com­ As I read the citation which follows, I Finally, I would like to leave a thought with the "top presidential arms control ad­ munity Council. am struck by the tragedy of all war. We viser" (I wonder who he was) who said, I Dr. Henderson possessed a keen mind have lost one of Milton's finest young would imagine with a deep sigh of relief and acutely attuned to the times in which he men in Thomas Casey, Jr. His friends, inexpressible affection for the man-made lived. He gave unselfishly of his time and his family, and his community are di­ monster, "Without the ABM, we would have unstintingly of his talents in the service minished by his loss. His valor, and that been dead at Helinski." With the ABM and of all of the people of the community of his comrades in Southeast Asia have MIRV, we will be dead in April in Vienna, in which he lived. His loss through death insured for us the preservation of the and we soon could be dead in New York, in Moscow, in Washington, in Leningr·ad, in to Virginia and the Richmond commu­ American democratic ideal. San Franci.sco, in ... nity is well expressed in a recent editorial I know I express the feeling of the JOSEPH s. CLARK, which appeared in the Richmond Times­ entire membership of the U.S. Congress President, World Federalists, USA. Dispatch which I take pleasure in insert­ in extending our sympathy to the father WASHINGTON. ing at this point in the RECORD: and mother and family of this fine young 3458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 man who gave his full measure of devo­ search. I highly recommend the article Iowa was one of the first universities to tion for his fellow man. to my colleagues: recognize creative work as the equivalent of Our prayers are with his family in this research in the fine arts. We have developed U OF I's GRADUATE COLLEGE DEAN DEFENDS interdisciplinary programs such as Com­ period of great sorrow. RESEARCH AND GRADUATE EDUCATION, parative Literature, American CivilizBition, I insert the article, as follows: THEREBY DOING BATTLE WITH THOSE WHO Urban and Regional Planning, and Anthro­ [From the Milton (Mass.) Record Transcript, CAST-"A CURSE ON BOTH YOUR HOUSES" pology and Linguistics in recognition of Jan. 22, 1970] (By Duane Spriestersbach) meaningful (and relevant?) combinations of POSTHUMOUS PRESENTATION TO VIETNAM What can we do about graduate educa­ related subject matters. It is increasingly HERO: NAVY CROSS AWARD TO MARINE tion and research? The costs of' graduate clear that, for the dollars invested, Iowa has CASEY-NATION'S SECOND HIGHEST MEDAL education are too high compared with those been one of the most effective producers of The Navy Cross was awarded posthumously of undergraduate education. For example, the holders of advanced degrees in the here at Iowa the per student costs during country. to Marine Lance Corporal Thomas M. Casey And what about research? I know of no re­ Jr., 23, for extraordinary heroism in Vietnam. the 1966-67 academic year (the latest avail­ able data) for masters-level training was sponsible University official who has argued The medal, the nation's second highest award, that The University of Iowa should give was presented to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. $3,172, for doctoral-level training $5,770, compared with $873 for the first two under­ precedence to research over teaching. Quite Thomas M. Casey Sr. of 19 Winthrop street, the contrary is the case. It's true, however, at a ceremony at the Boston Naval Base. graduate years and $1,276 for the last two undergraduate years. (The biennially com­ that some of us have argued for a balance The citation reads as follows: between teaching and research, believing that "For extraordinary heroism while serving puted cost analysis which will be available later this year will undoubtedly show an only through balance will we be providing as a Fire Team Leader with Company D, First our students with the attitudes, perspectives, Battalion, Seventh Marines, First Marine Di­ even greater difference.) Over 50 percent of our graduate student and motivations which will enable them to vision, in connection with operations against become disciplined and creative members of the enemy in the Republic of Vietnam. On body of 5,000 are nonresidents, many of whom are trouble makers. Not every student a constantly developing soci~y. equipped the afternoon of February 16, 1969, Company with the skills which will give them the D was assaulting a large North Vietnamese with a baccalaureate degree from a.n Iowa college, including the undergraduate col­ options for adapting to changing sooial con­ Army force occupying a well-entrenched po­ ditions and, thus, protection from becom­ sition in Quang Nam Province. Alertly ob­ leges here at the University, is admitted to the Graduate College upon application. ing obsolete. servjng an enemy fortification, Lance Cor­ Perhaps the most important statement poral Casey launched a determined assault Our professors, when they teach at all, pre­ fer to teach graduate level courses, ignoring that I might make concerning research at upon the hostile position, delivering accurate Iowa is that we have consistently opposed fire as he fearlessly maneuvered across fifty their obligations to undergraduate instruc­ tion. And, to top it all off, the graduate stu­ engaging in research which does not have meters of fire-swept terrain. Upon reaching possible benefits to our educational programs, the hostile bunker, he boldly hurled grenades dents who do get degrees are all too often poorly trained for teaching and other profes­ either through the new insights acquired by into tt, destroying the North Vietnamese the professor/researcher or through the in­ emplacements and killing an enemy soldier. sional work. To make matters worse, most of volvement of the students in the research it­ Disregarding his own safety, he went to sev­ the best graduates leave the State for greener pastures. self. We have not spawned research centers eral casualties, and ignoring the hostile filled with skilled manpower who do not rounds impacting near him, skillfully ad­ And then there's research. The great bulk teach and who are engaged in research that ministered first aid to his wounded comrades. of the professors do their thing by spending more logically could be done by industry or Realizing the need for an M-79 grenade time in their laboratories, or writing books, by governmental agencies. launcher, he again rushed across the haz­ or consulting at some other institution or There is a distinct, even dramatic, trend in ardous area and, obtaining the weapon, re­ business about doing their things. The re­ several states to raise increasingly sharp turned to the point of heaviest contact. When ward system is all wrong. It really is publish questions about the financing of graduate two additional Marines were wounded, he or perish. Good teaching is ignored and most education in the state universities. There is unhesitatingly commenced maneuvering professors do little of any kind, good or bad. mounting pressure to establish state cur­ through a hail of fire to assist the injured Things would be a lot better if the profes­ tains around our educational programs by men, but as he approached the casualties he sor would worry less about his list of pub­ dramatic increases in out-of-state tuition was mortally wounded. His heroic actions and lications and spend more time teaching stu­ fees for graduate students and through spe­ aggressive fighting spirit inspired all who ob­ dents. A curse on both your houses! cial consideration of resident students even served him and were instrumental in saving Forgive me if I sound bitter, though I'm though they may not be scholastically com­ the lives of several Marines. By his courage, really not. But I do get more discouraged petitive with other applicants. sincere concern for the welfare of his com­ some days than others when almost every We will do great damage to the quality of rades, and sel:fiess devotion to duty, Lance newspaper and many periodicals carry stories both our undergraduate and graduate pro­ Corporal Casey upheld the highest traditions about higher education which make some of grams if we succumb to these pressures. And of the Marine Corps and the United States the assertions which I have just recounted. the State will be the loser. For example, we Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for It's discouraging because almost all of work assiduously to recruit the finest teach­ his country. them reflect so little understanding of the ers from wherever we can find them in the "JOHN H. CHAFEE, place of graduate education and research in United States, and even in foreign coun- "Secretary of the Navy, today's programs of higher education, and tries. · "(For the President)." so little appreciation of the stake that the We would have great difficulty in interest­ Besides the Navy Cross, which stands for average citizen has in them. I despair beca;qse ing these men and women if we could interest extraordinary heroism in connection with it's so hard to know where to begin and how them at all, in coming to the University un­ military operations against an opposing to tell the story in a meaningful and convinc­ less we could assure them that we attract a armed force, Corporal Casey received the Navy ing fashion. But let me try. high caliber CYf graduate student. Why? Cer­ Commendation Medal twice, the Purple Heart First, some orientation. We have 101 mas­ tainly not because the faculties are lazy and and a Medal from the South Vietnam Gov­ ters-level programs and 56 doctoral level pro­ looking for cheap substitutes to do their ernment. grams in the Graduate College. These pro­ work. On the contrary, they know that they grams are superimposed on those of the other will develop into exciting teachers and will nine undergraduate and professional colleges maintain their excellence only through con­ IN DEFENSE OF RESEARCH AND of the University. stant study and research. Bright graduate In other words, we have a unified Grad­ students provide one of the major mecha­ GRADUATE EDUCATION uate College since none of the other colleges nisms for the stimulation the professors need offers graduate programs on its own. We to keep them on their academic toes. HON. FRED SCHWENGEL hold steadfast to this arrangement because So far as I know, no one has proposed that it capitalizes on a long tradition of real in­ we should forego quality faculty when less OF IOWA terdiscriplinary and intercollegiate inter­ well qualified persons are available locally. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES action of our faculties encouraged by geo­ Should we do less in the case of potential graduate students? If we do, (and I repeat Monday, February 16, 1970 graphical proximity. We are convinced that this interaction has a stimulating and myself) our undergraduate programs will Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, the strengthening effect on all of our graduate suffer just as much as our graduate pro­ October-November 1969 issue of the programs. And Iowa has a record in graduate grams will. Iowa Alumni Review contains an excel­ education of which it can be justly proud. Critics of graduate education forget that Despite its relatively small size, it has con­ the modern world is calling for more and lent article by Dr. Duane C. Spriesters­ sistently been among the top 25 universi­ more highly trained persons. In fact, our bach. Dr. Spriestersbach is dean of the ties in the production of persons with continued aflluence depends on them. We Graduate College at the University of doctoral degrees, the great majority of whom simply can't stand still, joining the mythi­ Iowa. Dr. Spriestersbach sets forth an have gone inrto college and university teach­ cal ostrich with our heads in the sa.nd by eloquent defense of the need for and ing, and have held major admln1stra.tive posi­ assuming that we have the right to the best value of graduate education and re- tions in higher education. of all possible worlds unless we are willing, February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3459 as any prosperous businessman knows full member to advise a student on the selection of Lithuania, which secured its free­ well, to anticipate and invest in future of a problem for investigation if he had not dom soon after the overthrow of Czar­ growth and development. conducted investigations in related areas. ist Russia. Lithuania's history antidated For example, I am impressed with the How would he estimate the chances for this historic event by almost 700 years, overwhelming need for persons trained at the success? How would he be able to discuss the very highest levels in sizable numbers and relation of the problem to others in the area? for it was in 1251 that a number of in many areas of knowledge 1! the state of (And this abillty doesn't just apply to the principalities united to form the Lith­ Iowa and the nation are to fulfill the destiny needs of graduate students. As undergradu­ uanian monarchy. now to be anticipated even during the next ate students come to us With better basic At its greatest extent this kingdom 25 years. That destiny includes the redesign training, they, too, are being increasingly en­ stretched from the Baltic Sea to the and rebuilding of our great cities. couraged to move into programs of inde­ Black Sea and almost to Moscow. Over To do this requires men in key places pendent study requiring the same type of the years its sway gradually declined able to handle the complexities of modern counsel.) planning and design, the subtle and explo­ In education some of the most important until it was taken over by Russia in 1795. sive relations between ethnic groups, and teaching 1s the advising and guidance which The switch from the czars to the com­ the clumsy but essential forms of large-scale the faculty member gives the student on missars- brought lasting freedom to government. Where are such leaders to be the selection and conduct of a research neither the Russians nor their neighbors. trained but in the nation's universities? problem. Thus, the professor's research ae­ The restoration of independence to Lith­ That destiny includes the development tivity must be viewed as a teaching activity uania on February 16, 1918, ended as a and application of the most complex tech­ just as his preparation for a lecture. result of the alliance entered into on the nologies---such as those required to mount Unfortunately, we have not developed a successfully our recent adventure in sp the show. How was one interviews. You have to be careful whom Question. Does he think he is going back Greece? you talk with, because if you are not careful soon? Prof. GEORGE ANASTAPLO. About the same. they will get into trouble. Government offi­ Answer. I don't know. I guess he is also Question. I don't know what that means. cials were very unhappy about my presence; waiting on the United States to do some­ Answer. Bad. they were unhappy about the people I was thing. Everybody is waiting now. The Kara­ Question. Was it any better this time than talking with; they were unhappy about the manlis statement has been issued: every­ it was when you last visited Greece, in the things I was asking about and saying to the body knows what his position is. Now it's summer of 1968? people I was talking with. It's a very un­ up to the only power that has any ability to Answer. Not really, even though there was pleasant situation, in many ways, for the change events peacefully, the United States. some hope this time because of a statement visitor who knows what is going on. Only if the United States does something issued by a former prime minister, Mr. Kara­ Question. What did Greek officials do to decisive is there going to be a movement in manlis-some hope that the present gov­ indicate they were unhappy about your the Greek army to replace the present lead­ ernment might be replaced. But prior to presence. ers of Greece by a decent regime. that statement being issued--a masterful Answer. They let other foreign correspond­ Question. The Sun-Times article I quoted statement issued by him in Paris the 30th ents there know how unhappy they were from earlier reports King Constantine in of September-, one found in Greece a sense about inquiries I had been making and com­ Rome as saying to Mr. Janus, "Well, next of desperation and depression, a realization ments I had made to people I had been talk­ year, I'll see you in Athens." He seemed to that indeed the usurping colonels intend to with. They had heard of some of the things think the situation in Greece would be stay for a long time as the Government of I had said and, of course, they knew about changed by next Spring. Do you go along Greece and that they don't have much to the things I had published before I got with that? offer except repression, torture and false there. Answer. For almost two thousand years, the Question. Did they have your articles? Jews would always close their annual Seder promises. In that sense, things were worse: with the hope, "Next year in Jerusalem!" it's the kind of worsening that comes when Answer. Oh, sure, they have them all. Question. Did they let you know directly, Whether the King's observation to Mr. Janus you realize that something which is bad means much more than that, I don't simply is not going to go away but is going or only through a third party, that they were displeased with you? know. to stay for a very long time. I suspect that Question. Do you see substance in th~ by this time the encouraging effect of Mr. Answer. A couple of times officials in the Foreign Press Ministry let me know person­ King's observation? Karamanlis's statement has begun to wear Answer. I see in it a hope, certainly a thin. ally. I was let known both directly and in­ directly. hope. It is not an unrealistic hope: it could Question. You don't see any change, then? happen. But it will take more than a hope Answer. I don't s€e any prospect of change, Question. Did they ask you to leave the country? to do it: it depends upon us, on this side unless the United States does something to of the ocean, to some extent. support Mr. Karamanlis in his effort to re­ Answer No. But I did wonder whether I would get in. Question. You feel then that the King is place the people now in power by a mod­ dreaming quite a bit on this point? You don't erate government which would begin to re­ Question. They welcomed you? Answer. They accepted me. feel he will be back in Athens in the Spring? pair the damage that has been done by these Answer. In the Spring? two and a half years of tyranny. Question. Reluctantly? Answer. Reluctantly. They were not sorry Question. Yes, as it says in the article. Let's Question. It is reported in the November say, by Easter? lOth issue of the Chicago Sun-Times that to see me go. Question. How about on the way back. You Answer. I am afraid he will probably cele­ Christopher Janus, a Chicago investment brate Easter in Rome. I hope I'm wrong, be­ broker who is president of the Greek Heritage stopped in Paris? Answer. I stopped in Rome, I stopped in cause Greece would be a far more pleasant Foundation, talked to Mr. Karam.anlis, ap­ place to live in and to visit if the King parently in Paris, and also to King Con­ Paris, and I stopped in London. Question. Do you want to tak about those should be back, if Mr. Karamanlis should be stantine, the self-exiled--can I say "self­ back, if Mr. Papandreou should be back, if exiled" or did he have to go? stops? they should all be back-it would be far Answer. He virtually had to go--although Answer. Well, those are lovely places. more pleasant if the Greeks do get back to it may have been better for everyone if he Question. How about Mr. Karamanlis. Is the kind of life that doesn't require constant had not gone. he a lovely man? surveillance, constant repression, repeated Question.-he talked to exiled King Con­ Answer. Mr. Karamanlis is a very impor­ court martial proceedings, torture and sup­ stantine in Rome. Janus is quoted as saying tant man for the prudent liberation of pression of serious dissent. What there is in that Kara.manlis let Janus know that he con­ Greece. Greece today is no life for a civilized people. sulted with people in our State Department Question. Had you met him before? Question. Do you gather from your con­ before he issued his September 3oth state­ Answer. Yes, I had met him before. He is versations with the King that he is happy ment and that it was made with their knowl­ a man who is a good friend of the United living in Rome or is he anxious to return to edge. Now what do you see in this report that States and who has great support among his throne in Greece? quotes Karamanlls as saying that he con- the Greek people. He is a man the United Answer. There is no responsible Greek who February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3461 is happy out of Greece in these circum­ closed down altogether for what they had act without hurting either ourselves or the stances, when he is out of Greece because said about the government. Greeks. of a tyranny which is suppressing all men Question. The curtain has been dropped Question. When you say, "getting out,'' of stature who have any serious influence. again? you mean economically and militarily? This goes for the King, this goes for Mr. Answer. Yes, but at a different stage. They Answer. We have av·ailable to us measures, Karamanlis, this goes for Mr. Papandreou, don't require you to bring your copy in some of which it would serve no useful pur­ this goes for Mrs. Vlachou in London. Every­ every night to be read and to be approved, pose to describe at this time, which could one who is anyone has been put down. I am but if yuu don't "behave yourself"- bring down the present Greek government sure that when such people are outside of Question. -they'll close you down. So, it within a few months, if we would use them Greece they all long for the day when they is the same as before? intelligently. I know no informed man in can get back and once again help their Answer. It's even worse in some ways, be­ Athens or in Washington who doubts this. country return to some kind of steady prog­ cause if you're closed down for two or three Such measures, properly employed, would ress. It is safe to say that they are all hoping days, or have all your run confiscated a few permit our friends in Greece-our long-time to go back home. They are all unhappy with times, you are in serious trouble financially. friends in Greece-to recover the power that being out of Greece and, depending on their Question. Are you closed down two or three the Greek people want them to have. But I temperament, I guess, they have different days, or permanently? must confess that it does not now appear notions of how long it will take before they Answer. I haven't gotten the details yet. that we Americans are going to use respon­ can return home. Government officials seem to have been clos­ sibly and intelligently, and thereby retain, Question. Is King Constantine making any ing down newspapers for a few days or they the great influence we have earned in Greece efforts on his own to hasten the day of his have been confiscating a day's run or they since the Second World War. return home? have been going to news vendors and saying, Answer. He has, as you can see in the "Don't sell any of the next edition of such­ papers, a public position. His position is that and-such newspaper." The result is that a he will return when there are free elections publisher can take very serious financial POINT REYES EARLY DEVELOP­ internationally supervised, with a free press losses that way. MENT ESSENTIAL and with the release of political prisoners. Question. But they are not closed per­ All those conditions mean that the present manently? government would be going or gone. Answer. Not so far as I know. But you can HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT figure out for yourself what the effect is go­ Question. He's not going to take the initia­ ing to be on publishers of the sanctions that OF CALIFORNIA tive? are now being used. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Answer. Well, I suppose if he had some­ Question. You have been urging, both here Monday, February 16, 1970 thing to take the initiative with, he'd take in Chicago and in Washington, that the it. But there is relatively little he can do. United States take strong measures with re­ Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, today You see, there is relatively little anybody can spect to Greece. Just what do you mean by this Nation is faced with the challenge do. There is relatively little that Mr. Papan­ that? dreou can now do, for instance. There is of preserving its environment. It is a Answer. I think there are various measures challenge to clean up the air, water, and relatively little that Mr. Karamanlis can do. we can take to show the Greek army, pri­ Question. Who is going to do the doliig, marily the Greek army but also the Greek land we have despoiled by our thought­ then? The lower echelon officers? people, what our opinion is of this govern­ less acts as individuals believing in the Answer. That is the question, I suppose. ment. That's very important. We should make American myth of our infinite frontiers. The lower echelon officers will be the ones to it very clear that we recognize the serious Slowly we have come to realize that make the move, eventually, but the problem damage this government is doing both to there are indeed finite limits to the acces­ is: How can they be induced to move? They Greece and to legitimate American interests sibility of clean air and water and un­ can be induced to move by public opinion in Greece. I think we ought to take other in Greece, insOfar as that can be known by spoiled land. We have also come to realize measures as well, such as the stopping of all that many of the natural grandeurs this them, by the realization on their part that military aid to Greece and the cutting off of things are not going well and that the honor all military relations with that country. (I am country has been blessed with cannot be of the Army is at stake, by becoming aware not talking now about cutting diplomatic re­ replaced by man once he has destroyed of Mr. Karamanlis's statement (which has lations they should be maintained with every them. never been published, legally, in Greece), country that has an effective government.) There are few areas of this country and, perhaps most important, by the direct I also think we should cooperate with those left in which the natural splendor of na­ and indirect influence of the United States. allies of ours in Europe who are so unhappy ture has been left untouched and un­ Once most officers know that the United with the Greek government and who are try­ ruined by man. One of these areas that States has serious reservations about the ing to do something about it and about its present Greek government and is taking corrupting influence in the European com­ somehow has remained untouched is the serious measures to help the Greek people munity of free nations. Point Reyes area of California. get rid of that government, then conscien­ Question. What about the argument that However, if this Congress does not act tious officers in the Army will likely move. since we are trying to get out of VietNam, it today, this area may also be lost to this If that does not happen, then the only other is not wise to intervene in Greece? generation and future generations of alternative that people can count upon and Answer. I'm not talking about getting in Americans. This Congress must decide will resort to, will be terror, sabotage and there with an army. I'm talking about get­ whether it is more important to have a general deterioration in law and order. ting out of there if the present Greek gov­ Question. The Greek government relaxed ernment is not replaced by a government properly developed natural seashore to the censorship since you were there in the that is responsive to the needs and Wishes of be enjoyed by all Americans, or 30,940 summer of 1968. Was that evident during the Greek people. If we do our duty on behalf acres of subdivided real estate for a few your visit last month? of freedom and constitutional government Americans. Answer~ The Prime Minister announced this in Greece, the large majority of conscien­ Whatever decision is made at Point relaxation at a press conference that I at­ tious Greek army officers will do theirs; if Reyes will affect the opportunity of fu­ tended. My own prediction at the time was they see the threatened loss of the American ture generations to enjoy the sea, sand, that it would not mean much, that this is alliance as the price Greece has to pay to re­ not a regime that can afford to relax censor­ tain the tyrants who now rule Greece, those scenery, wildlife, forests, and a feeling of ship very much, that although the require­ officers will move to set things right. All this tranquility that now exists there. ment that the text be passed on before print­ can still be done peacefully and sensibly. If, In 1962 President John F. Kennedy set ing might be suspended- that is, publishers on the other hand, civil war begins in aside Point Reyes as a national seashore. may no longer have to submit their text Greece-if it does (I am not saying it is gotng At that time a portion of the land was to a censor-the effect will be virtually the to begin)-if the present government of in­ purchased for $20 million. It was esti­ same because of the powers the government competent men stays long enough, and if (as mated that an additional $14 million retains and will be able to exercise without is possible) conditions develop which any judicial restraint. It looked for awhile, lead to civil war, will we be content to sit would be needed to complete the neces­ however, that I was wrong in my opinion that back and watch as we are doing now? Will sary land acquisition. However, no fur­ the relaxation would not make any serious we not be "compelled" to intervene if that ther action was taken. difference. Thus, I got, a couple weeks ago, should happen? I don't want such a situa­ The lack of action by Congress and the a letter from a foreign correspondent in tion to develop. I don't want the destruction Department of the Interior has been Athens who informed me that I had simply of Greece that would come in the process of costly. It will now cost the American guessed wrong about what would happen: liberating her again from possible takeover public $38 million to purchase the re­ publishers, he reported, were being allowed by some of the elements which would be en­ to express some criticisms of the regime. But gaged in such a civil war. We will then real­ maining land. But if we wait longer, the his letter happened to be delivered here the ize that it does matter to us what happens price tag will be even more costly. It very day that the Chicago papers reported in Greece. But if then, why not now? This is will be a cost measured by the realization that two Athenian newspapers had been the time for us to move, when we can still that the land needed for the completion 3462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 of this national seashore has been sub­ men are continuing to improve the Fed­ at large.... If conspirators are conspiring divided for commercial development and eral prison service and particularly that against our state or our security, there is no longer :filled with acres of trees and strong emphasis is being given to the re­ should, under proper safeguards, be a right in society even to tap wires. streams but with acres of homes and habilitation of prisoners. I am also grati­ "But here is a problem. The power to arrest shopping centers. fied to observe that these dedicated per­ ca.n be abused. The power to detain can be The slow action by the Federal Govern­ sonnel and their achievements are being violated. The power to Wiretap can lead to ment has caused land valuation to rise given proper recognition to inspire and tyranny and oppression. All these safeguards sharply with a proportionate increase in encourage others in the same fields. of society, once abused, can lead to the pollee property taxes. This has created a situa­ sta.te in a tyranny worse than we've ever tion where present land owners must known. either sell to the land developer to build "The problem is to find the balance, the A BRITISH JUDGE ASKS: WHAT balance between the freedom of the individ­ houses or to the Federal Government to ual on the one hand, and the security of a preserve the area intact. The choice is GOOD IS FREEDOM WITHOUT civilized society on the other." up to us who will vote today on this issue. LAW AND ORDER? Lord Dennlng then turnoo to comparing This vote is the key indicator of how the speed of trials in England With those in this Congress will respond to the urgent HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN the United States. need to deal with our rapidly deteriorat­ In England, he said, everyone arrested 1s ing environment. I urge the immediate OF MARYLAND tried wt.thin eight weeks-"the greatest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES length between arrest and trial." and overwhelming passage of this legis­ Some American defendants are not tried lation. Monday, February 16, 1970 for two or three years--or even longer. Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, from the British courts do not necessarily grant a Mother Country of the Common Law a defendant ball. Lord Denning defended this DANBURY'S PAUL E. WARD WINS distinguished jurist brings us some co­ controverslal practice. JAMES V. BENNETT AWARD "When a man is arrested for a serious of­ gent thoughts on this great problem of fense--let it be murder, rape, bank raid or the law and order which is facing us today. like--in England we do not allow this man HON. JOHN S. MONACAN Lord Denning, master of the rolls of Lon­ out on bail," he said. "We keep him in prison OF CONNECTICUT don's Royal Court of Justice, in a speech pending his trial. It isn't necessary to show that he may abscond. If there's reason to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES before the California Bar Association, candidly discussed the British versus the think that he may commit another offense, Monday, February 16, 1970 we do not let him out so that he may do it American point of view on these legal pending trial." Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, a signal problems. Unfortunately, I do not have On the matter of leaning over backward honor has come to the Federal Correc­ the entire address, but I insert in the to achieve the perfect trial, Lord Denning tional Institution in Danbury, Conn., RECORD a brief summary of his talk said, "I often think that whilst we've been which is in my district and which has which appeared in this year's February busy clearing the innocent, our rules have let come through the efforts and accom­ edition of Nation's Business. I urge my the neck get too wide, and the guilty are plishments of Mr. Paul E. Ward, super­ colleagues to read this intelligent ap­ only too often not convicted and punished, praisal of how two related legal systems but they escape through the door which the intendent of industries at that institu­ law has opened. tion. handle identical problems. Here is the "Just think of the next step. In the United · I take this opportunity to congratu­ article: States you have a fundamental principle that late Mr. Ward as I call to the attention of A BRITISH JUDGE AsKS: WHAT GooD Is if evidence is unlawfully obtained, nothing my colleagues the announcement by At­ FREEDOM WITHOUT LAW AND ORDER? which results from it can be given in evi­ torney General John N. Mitchell that The United States and Great Britain are dence in the courts. In England we don't go Mr. Ward has received the James V. vastly different but also greatly alike. as far as that. So when an astute Englishman, the most "Supposing a man makes a confession, in Bennett Award named for the second important civil judge in a judicial system the course of which he says where he hid the Director of the Bureau of Prisons and which has common roots With ours, talks stolen goods, and a pollee officer goes and awarded annually to an outstanding about how best to administer the law, he's finds those stolen goods. That evidence as to supervisory employee. The announce­ worth listening to. those stolen goods is admissible before the ment came through present Director of Lord Denning, master of the rolls of Lon­ jury, even though there may be something the Bureau, Myrl E. Alexander, just pri­ don's Royal Court of Justice, spoke a while wrong in the way the confession was taken." or to his retirement. In addition to the back to the California Bar Association in Lord Denning advocated the hard line in Bennett award and the honor it repre­ San Francisco about such things as delays sentencing the guilty, sometimes, as a means in American courts in bringing cases to trial, of teaching a lesson. He cited the case several sents, Mr. Ward will also receive $500 in about striving for perfection in protecting years ago of white hooligans who had beaten cash. defendants, and about striking a balance up Negroes in London's Notting Hill section. It was for his creative management, between the rights of individuals and of It was feared there would be more beatings. expert knowledge of the electronics field, civilized society. When the whites came to trial they were and exceptional ability to train and en­ He touched a nerve end of America when given not the six months in prison that he asked: "Have the rules for the protection might have been expected, but five to seven courage inmates to r ~ach peak goals of years. performance that Mr. Ward was honored of the innocent been extended so far that the door is opened to many guilty men? ... The beatings immediately stopped. Lord by the Federal Bureau of Prisons. He And freedom, what good is freedom if we Denning told the California lawyers and was one of nine employees selected to do not have law and order?" jurists: "A sentence such as that did a world receive the Bureau's top incentive award Here are other excerpts from Lord Den­ of good." for 1969 and it was gratifying to note rung's speech: that Mr. Ward's name was at the top of "Freedom, we have stressed through the COMMISSION ON POPULATION the list. He began his Bureau of Prisons centul'ies. But we are coming to think that GROWTH service as an electronics instructor at the equally important is the security of decent, U.S. Penitentiary, McNeil Island, Wash. right-thinking people. Named supervisor of a new electronics "Freedom, we know, means the freedom of HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL production shop, under his leadership, every man to think what he will, to say what he will, to go where he will, on all his lawful OF NEW YORK the operation grew to a $4 million in­ occasions without ... hindrance (from) any­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dustry. Transferring to the Federal Cor­ one, save as prevented by law. Monday, February 16, 1970 rectional Institution at Danbury, Conn., "Yes, but what good is any man's freedom Mr. Ward repeated his McNeil perform­ to him if his home is invaded by th!f.eves and Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the ance, establishing and expanding the in­ robbers who are not caug'ht; if his women­ public·s sudden recognition of the en­ stitution's electronics and electrical folk are to be assaulted; if his securloty is in vironmental crisis has focused attention cable industry, increasing the industrial jeopardy? on such evils as air and water pollution. employment and sales of the organiza­ "What good is freedom to us unless ... our state ... is secure? Congress has been propelled into action tion and establishing a successful voca­ "We must maintain the freedom--or rath­ at a time when further delay could play tional training program for inmate er, the righ~f society to arrest those who havoc with the human race's chances workers. commit crimes, to search them. to detadn for survival. I am pleased to note that dedicated them, !or the protection of the community Yet with all this newfound awareness, February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3463 we have tended to skirt the crux of the THE BEST WAY TO ELIMINATE is that, in total, farm animals in the United problem: expanding population depend­ WASTE States produce ten times as much waste as the human population. ent upon limited resources. "This means that a feedlot with 1,000 head Modern technology may perfect de­ HON. GUY VANDER JAGT of cattle has approximately the same dis­ vices which eliminate air and water pol­ posal problem that a city of 16,500 people lution. The prospects exist that exten­ OF MICHIGAN might bave. We have egg factories in Michi­ sive, new sources of food will be devel­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gan with 30,000-40,000, or 50,000 bird ca­ oped. Sensitivity toward man's interde­ Monday, February 16, 1970 pacity. pendency with nature is growing suffi­ "When the village blacksmith was a major ciently to justify hope that he will learn Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, it industrial producer in our nation, he posed to enhance rather than desolate his is a pleasure for me to bring to the atten­ little in the way of pollution problems that tion of the House the address made by were of concern to his neighbors. Henry environment. Ford's production line and $5 per day pro­ But all these developments are for Dan E. Reed, secretary-manager, Mich­ vided a magnet which drew people into a nought if man reproduces himself to the igan Farm Bureau at the Governor's concentrated area and helped to speed the point where the earth's resources, no Conference on Solid Waste Management development of urban problems. He also pro­ matter how shrewdly maximized, cannot held in Lansing, Mich. vided something we all wanted-transporta­ support the planet's population. His address follows as it was reported tion at prices within reach of many people-­ To help assure a decent, fulfilling life in the Michigan Farm News of Febru­ not just the wealthy. ary 1, 1970: "Even though smoke hung heavy over the for the generations to come, we must cities, the pictures that really struck fear face up to the question of population con­ GOVERNOR'S CONFERENCE ON SOLID WASTE into the hearts of people were those run trol and the danger of the human race MANAGEMENT by the newspapers in the early thirties, show­ disappearing in a malthusian apoca­ "The best way to elim.inate waste is to find ing rows of stacks with no smoke coming out lypse. something it's good for, and that means of them. This Commission on Population research-a crying need for agriculture!" "The production-line development in agri­ Dan E. Reed, Secretary-Manager, Michigan culture has reduced the status of chicken Growth should provide the vital infor­ Farm Bureau, told those attending the Gov­ from 'only on Sunday' or 'when the preacher mation on how to perpetuate a healthy, ernor's Conference on Sol1d Waste Manage­ called' to the condition where it now re­ viable society in the midst of formidable ment held recently in Lansing. ceives only half the consideration, money­ challenges created by modern technol­ Mr. Reed continued, "We have always had wise, as does the lowly hot dog. ogy, waning natural resources, and the wastes. We used to call many of them "Chicken and egg production in my moth·· advent of the nuclear age. 'riches'-the manure pile; ashes used for er's time consisted of farm flocks of 50-100 I urge the passage of this bill. fert111zer and also soap ma.king; old bottles chickens, with the eggs being gathered reg­ (not antique collectors' items) provided a ularly-most every day, except when the nest major source of income for small boys some of some sly hen might be found and per­ THE 52D ANNIVERSARY OF DECLA­ years ago; old paper; old iron. haps ten or a dozen eggs added all in one day RATION OF LITHUANIAN INDE­ "Much of the material in the loads of (not quite 'strictly fresh'). The chicken ma­ urban wastes now going to the dumps-be­ nure really posed no solid waste problem on PENDENCE fore we became an afiluent society-would our farm. It was a byproduct of considerable have been worked over for many kinds of value and somebody always had a pet idea salvage. as to what particular garden spot might re­ HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD "On the farm, with a small, diversified ceive the current production. OF MICHIGAN farm operation. we sometimes had a crop "The cbanges from the one-sow/hog farm IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES failure or a. crop for which there was no to today's scientifically managed operation local market. The pain of the valueless crop producing 1,000-5,000 market hogs per year; Monday, February 16, 1970 was often lessened by the fact that while the broiler factory, the egg factory; the beef Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I we hadn't made any money, at least we had feeding operations-have all worked together am happy to join my colleagues in the the manure left. to provide the American consumer with bet­ Congress in commemorating today, Feb­ "Agricultural solid wastes include sedi­ ter, more uniform products of high quality ment flowing into our streams and airborne and at prices lower than any other spot in ruary 16, 1670, the 52d anniversary of field dust. Tremendous improvements have the world ... in many cases lower than they the Declaration of Lithuanian Inde­ been made in lim.iting agriculture's contri­ were 25-50 years ago. It has also created pendence. bution of both of these wastes. Sediment in many of the problems which are causing pro­ It is with sadness that we observe this our streams is now often found to be more ducers of these agricultural products serious occasion while the valiant people of this the results of runoff from subdivisions, con­ difiiculties, to the point where waste manage­ great nation are still oppressed by t~e struction work and road building than from ment is now the largest single problem in yoke of Russian imperialism. However, farm fields. _ assembly-line animal production. no nation can be denied its sovereignty "A respected spokesman for the Depart­ "We have spent most of our scientific ef­ ment of Natural Resources has said that forts on one end of the animals-worrying and freedom forever, and no people will the Red Cedar River carried more sediment about the best and most efiicient feeds, and long tolerate the rejection of their right from the building of I-96 Expressway than have neglected the other end product. to self-determination. The events of the resulted from all of the farm operations in "In these days of specialtzation, the live­ past year in Czechoslovakia demonstrate 1ts watershed since the Indians roamed stock specialtst depends upon the crop that the Soviets continue to employ au­ Michigan. specialist for his feed. The livestock producer thoritarian repression whenever the "Much has been done through the work reduces his investment in land, perhaps to spirit of freedom arises. of Soil Conservation Districts and by indi­ small acreage and sheds only, and thus has Fifty-two years ago today, the people vidual farm operators in controlling soil a waste disposal problem instead of having a run-off and blow-off. Since this represents valuable byproduct in the manure from his of Lithuania proclaimed the restoration lost plant food, agriculture's attention to operation. of their independence after centuries of this problem is understandable. "There is an effect from taxation on waste Russian rule. A free, and democratic way "As is true in both consideration of urban problems. The desire to minimize the neces­ of life was enjoyed by these people until problems and industrial problems of soltd sary capitalization of a feeding operation June 15, 1940, when again a ruthless and wastes, agriculture sutrers from the results sometimes encourages higher concentrations aggressive Communist Russian Army of the a.fHuent society and from concentra­ of animal pollution. conquered Lithuania and other small tion of activities. Labor costs have become "Not all the solid waste problems of agri­ so high that animal manure (formerly one culture result from livestock operations. Up Baltic nations and incorporated them as of the backbone ingredients of a successful to 70 % of the agricultural products delivered provinces. Nevertheless, the United farmer's operation) now becomes so costly to canners and freezers ends up as waste. States continues to recognize her sover­ to handle that it is cheaper to buy and In the days of coal-fired boilers, canning eignty and her sister Baltic states and apply chemical nutrients. plants in the areas where pit fruits are proc­ looks forward to the day when these na­ "Assembly-line cattle and hog feeding op­ essed piled their cherry, peach and plum pits tions will again be free from Russian op­ erations and egg factories have developed and used them as fuel. Today, with gas or pression and domination. concentrations of animals above the capacity oil-fired boilers, used to reduce labor needs, Freedom-loving Americans everywhere of nearby land to accept and purify the the pits become a. problem waste. wastes even if the labor were available to "When mother canned her tomatoes, admire the spirit of these great people handle the tremendous job. A cow generates apples, peaches, pears, cherries, etc., at home, and it is the hope and prayer of all of us as much waste as about 16% Humans; one the waste was really no problem. It went to that Lithuania may soon again take its hog produces as much waste as two people; the pig pen, or the compost pile. place among the free nations of the and seven chickens are equal to the disposal "While, of course, we have other problems world. problem created by one person. The result of solid waste in agriculture, let's look for a 3464 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 moment at progress in the solution of some of extinguished the forms of liberty, but mation of freedom a half century ago these problems. Animal and vegetable wastes they can never extinguish the spirit of today chafes under the yoke of the Soviet have value as potential heat producers. One liberty which dwells in the hearts and Union. Sooner or later that spirit will of the early efforts along this line was the use prevail and the Lithuanian people will of the buffalo chip as a source of fuel in the souls of Lithuanians everywhere. West. In India and other countries where Lithuanian-Americans have contrib­ again know the blessing of freedom. fuels are scarce, patties are made of the uted much to the progress and freedom It is to the credit of the United States animal manure which then are used as of the land to which they and their fore­ that we have never recognized the Soviet domestic fuel. Hundreds of years ago, the fathers came to. In the Cleveland area seizure of the Baltic States. Let us re­ Chinese developed procedures for additional community, which I represent, they have mind ourselves, and the world today, utilization of agricultural wastes. The peas­ long been community and civic l~ders that this great Nation continues to rec­ ants diligently collected all wastes-human, animal and plant-and made them into cakes who have added immeasureably to the ognize Lithuania and her Baltic neigh­ and allowed them to dry in the sun. These cultural, economic, and political life of bors as independent sovereign nations. were then stacked and later distributed to the northeast Ohio. As our late President John F. Ken­ fields and used as organic fertilizers. As the recent spectacular photographs nedy so eloquently stated on the 40th "Currently, there is a great deal of interest of the earth from space so dramatically anniversary of Lithuanian independence in the recycling of nutrients. Processed poul­ show, we are all riders on one small in 1958- try wastes are being successfully used as part planet; we are all brothers in the human The vital spark of freedom has not been of the feed formula for livestock. Other pos­ race on this small globe. The loss of lib­ extinguished among Lithuanians. Their sibilities include-digesters, to use the po­ erty and freedom by any man or nation cause remains our cause and their hopes tential of wastes for gas manufacture; the more than ever remain our responsibility. direct incineration of wastes, either to pro­ diminishes us all. Let us pause and re­ vide heat for their own destruction or to member today the freedom that came to provide usable heat for other purposes. Lithuania 52 years ago today and rededi­ "Gerber Products at Fremont has for years cate ourselves today to the cause of free­ used that great purifier, the soil, as a dis­ dom for all men everywhere. A VOICE FOR THE PEOPLE-THE posal method. Wastes from the processing PEOPLE'S COUNSEL of baby foods are piped distances from the plant and spread on fields where the soil fil­ HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN ters the water and the solids are disposed of LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY- naturally. 1970 OF NEW YORK "In summary, contributing to agriculture's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES problems have been the limited supply of labor available, the high cost of such la,bor, Monday, February 16, 1970 the recognition of economies of concentra­ HON. HUGH L. CAREY tion, improved transportation, and the tre­ OF NEW YORK Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I, today, have mendous need for efficiency to compete in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES introduced a bill to establish the Public the world markets of today. Counsel Corporation, an in.strument "Few farm operations today have the bal­ Monday, February 16, 1970 which would enable t;he poor effectively ance of farms of 50 years ago, where the Mr. CAREY. Mr. Speaker, today is the to articulate their views, and to exert crops were rotated and the plant and ani­ 52d anniversary of Lithuanian inde­ their influence upon Government agen­ mal wastes were reincorporated to improve pendence. As has been our custom for cies whose programs significantly affect the soil. Perhaps we should go back to such their lives. Unlike the more afiluent an agricultural pattern but, if so, we would more than a half century, we pause at also go back to a pattern of spending in­ this time to honor the determination of members of our society, the poor-a term creased proportions of our income for food. the people of Lithuania to regain the which grossly and unfairly obscures the Today food is the American housewife's best independence and freedom that were de­ individuality of more than 25 million buy. The average American family spends clared on this date in 1918. Americans, white, black, aged, disabled­ about 16¥2% of its spendable income on The Republic of Lithuania was estab­ are not effectively organized so as to be food. A generation or two ago this figure lished as a direct result of President able to make known adequately and per­ would have been more than So-40%. suasively their needs, their criticisms, "In our affiuent society, we really can't af­ Woodrow Wilson's Declaration of 14 ford to do many of the things that we know Points, which marked the end of 123 and their contributions. we should do-at least we think we can't af­ years of imperial czarist rule. Lithu­ This bill adopts the recommendation ford to. ania was admitted to membership in the of the Administrative Conference of the "Perhaps we should look at our monuments League of Nations in 1921. The follow­ United States that a people's counsel be to waste . . . our junk piles, our dumps. ing year a provisional constitution was created. Full explica;tion of the need for Destruction of usable and repairable facil­ adopted which guaranteed freedom of the people's counsel is provided by the ities ... Is it really cheaper to throw it speech, assembly, religion, and commu­ report of Prof. Arthur Earl Bonfield in away than it is to repair it? Or are we simply support of the Conference's Rulemaking drawing checks that will have to be m8ide nication. The Republic, however, was good by succeeding generations?" destined to enjoy only 22 years of free­ Committee, entitled "Representation for dom before falling victim to a new form the Poor in Federal Rulemaking: ARe­ of Russian tyranny-godless commu­ port in Support of the Recommendations nism. of the Rulemaking Committee." THE 52D ANNIVERSARY OF LITH­ Following its independence in 1918, The Rulemaking Committee queried UANIAN INDEPENDENCE Lithuania proceeded rapidly to embark some 40 Federal agencies in regard to on a course of progressive and modem the agencies' rulemaking procedure. In HON. CHARLES A. VANIK statehood, becoming the first country in Professor Bonfield's report, whioh has Europe to adopt a land reform program. been accepted and approved by th81t OF OHIO A compulsory education program, committee, it is stated that about one­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES started in 1930, reduced illiteracy from third of the responding agencies which Monday, February 16, 1970 65 to 15 percent. The number of gram­ claimed to administer programs substan­ mar schools doubled from 1930 to 1939. tially affecting the poor had not previ­ Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, on February ously attempted to ascertain their views 16, 1918, the Lithuanian National Coun­ The country's transformation into a with respect to ru1es and policies. For cil at Vilnius declared Lithuania a free modern nation was well underway when exan1ple, one agency's response was: and independent nation and provided for it became a battleground for Russian and German forces in 1941. We do not now attempt to ascertain the free elections for the first time in cen­ views of the poor and economically under­ turies. This day, therefore, has been a Although nearly 30 years have now prtvUeged, as such. day of celebration and remembrance for passed since Lithuania was reduced in Lithuanians and American-Lithuanians status to that of a slave state in a Com­ The efforts of the agencies which in this country. munist empire, we nevertheless look for­ did attempt to obtain the views of the The history of the independent and ward at this time to a day when the na­ disadvantaged people affected by the free Republic of Lithuania was a glori­ tion will once again take its place among agencies' programs are characterized, ous one-but tragically short. Twenty­ the free peoples of the earth. There is, in Professor Bonfield's report, as "fre­ two years after its creation, the Soviet of course, a tie between these event&-for quently haphazard, WlSYstematic, and Union entered this brave Baltic state and the spirit which prompted the procla- sporadic." And the report further states: February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3465 Furthermore, agencies seem to have fre­ tially expand citizen participation in the the record. That suggestion was promptly quently sought information with respect to Federal policymaking process"-an end and noisily rejected. the views of the poor from persons who are eminently to be desired, to my mind. The neither poor, nor spokesmen for the mass of SOUGHT DELAY EARLIER the poor people affected by the agencies' article follows: Officials at both HEW and Justice con­ actions. COURT REBUFFS HEW, JUSTICE ON ROLE OF firmed yesterday that HEW had sought to POOR IN HEARINGS postpone the Connecticut hearing long be­ Another query addressed to the agen­ (By Robert Walters) fore the NWRO attorneys filed their coun complaint. cies by the Conference's Rulemaking For the second time this month, the HEW officials were reported believe that Committee asked whether they planned Department of Health, Education and Wel­ to any changes to insure that the views of fare-and the Justice Department--have because the issues in the Nevada and Con­ necticut hearings were similar, because the the poor would be adequately ascertained been rebuffed by the U.S. Circuit Court of court had already issued an injunction In prior to the promulgation of rules im­ Appeals here for refusing to let poor people participate fully in hearings on state welfare the Nevada cases and because the question plementing or affecting those programs of citizen participation is expected to be particularly relevant to the poor. Again, reform. The circuit court ruled yesterday that settled within the next few months by the the responses indicated the agencies' in­ court, it would be improper to proceed with HEW cannot proceed with administrative a new hearing. sensitivity to these views--"most agency hearings on state welfare progr·MllS unless respondents,'' Professor Bonfield's report it gives poor people the status of full partic­ But the Justice Department officials were states "indicated that they had no such ipants. described as believing that any sign of ac­ quiescence to the concept of citizen par­ plans,' and that they were satisfied with Acting at the .~:equest of the National Welfare Rights Organization, the court In a ticipation could have government-wide their pr-esent efforts in this regard." implications. The bill creating the people's counsel Nevada case had issued an injunction Jan. 2 ordering that welfare recipients be granted is based on three premises: "whatever procedural rights are exercised First large segments of the American _ by the other parties thereto." public ~re not adequately represented in The Justice Department, concerned about the Federal rulemaking process; a precedent that might substantially expand HON. ANCHER NELSEN SPEAKS Second, the sound administration of citizen participation in the federal policy­ BEFORE LINCOLN REPUBLICAN the administrative rulemaking process making process, had overruled HEW on yes­ CLUB, FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL demands that all relevant interests and terday's case. DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY HEW officials were unwilling to postpone viewPoints be considered prior to the an administrative hearing on Connecticut formulation and promulgation of an ad­ rules compliance until the appeals court HON. TIM LEE CARTER ministrative rule or regulation; and could consider the government's ban on full OF KENTUCKY Third, to assure that the interests of participation in the hearing by welfare the public are fully considered, means recipients. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES must be established to provide the un­ At the Justice Department's insistence, Monday, February 16, 1970 represented public with competent, con­ however, the hearing was convened as sched­ uled on Tuesday morning. But no testimony Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, on the sistent, and aggressive advocates in Fed­ was taken because about 40 persons staged 7th of February, the Lincoln Republican eral rulemaking. a demonstration and .a legal complaint was Club of the Fifth Congressional District In introducing this bill, I am partic­ hastily filed. of Kentucky was honored to have as its ularly mindful of the opinion expressed After two days of legal skirmishing, the guest speaker Congressman ANCHER in the Administrative Conference's 1969 court yesterday extended the Nevada order NELSEN. to the hearings on Connecticut welfare re­ Annual Report by Malcolm S. Mason, As­ His remarks were interesting and sistant General Counsel of the Office of visions, with two minor exceptions, both of which turned out to be impractical to imple­ thought provoking. Economic Opportunity, who accurately ment. I commend to you this resume for your notes that "the poor are many and dif­ In an apparent gesture of courtesy to the attention: ferent and must be able to speak with Connecticut officials already here-and in an REMARKS BY MR. NELSEN many voices." My bill provides that these apparent ·slap on the wrist to NWRO for wait­ ing until the last minute to file its legal pro­ DuPONT LODGE, CORBIN, KY., February 7.­ voices will be heard. And I deem it es­ "The only thing liberal about many liberals test--the court said the welfare recipients' sential that Professor Bonfield's report todlay is their n-ame," Congressman Ancher right to full participation would not extend be heeded in its reference to the estab­ Nelsen (R-Minn.) told a Lincoln Day Re­ to testimony offered by Connecticut witnesses lishment of "official advisory committees publican crowd here tonight. "Their party or their cross-examination by HEW officials. to the poor people's counsel in each area Signing that order were Judges J. Skelly seeins seized by a faction that hias little of major concern, such as welfare pro­ interest in preserving freedom, and their Wright, Carl McGowan and Spottswood W. principles appear cast -aside for a psychedelic grams, housing, employment, education, Robinson the same panel which ap­ m, joy ride to nowhere. In abandoning the na­ and so forth." Thereby, numerous inter­ proved the Injunction in the Nevada case tional interest to a narrow-minded political ests will be represented. In the same and will hear further arguments on the spectrum, in tossing aside the people for a regard, there should be, as Profe~or issue next month before rendering a final political bullhorn, they have harvested polit­ Bonfield states, "informal hearmgs decision. ical ruin." The latest court order was handed down among the poor" by the people's counsel The Minnesota Republican said "Their de­ to achieve the end of allowing many views shortly after the Connecticut HEW hearing cline into know-nothingism presents our was reconvened yesterday afternoon. When party with great new opportunities to ex­ to be heard. Edward K. Adelsheim, HEW hearing exam­ Establishment of a people's counsel is poand our membership among black oa.n.d iner, asked the state officials if they wanted whd.te Americans and to build up our coun­ a major step in the right direction. The to testify under the conditions outlined by try." He urged the Kentuckians to join In OEO community action programs have the judges, they declined on grounds it welcoming into Republican ranks all the mil­ shown the vital role the disadvantaged might prejudice their case. lions of Jeffersonian Democrats who have can-and must--play. Adelsheim then ordered an "indefinite re­ been driven out of their own party. "Ours I would call attention to an article ap­ cess" of the proceeding, and HEW officials is a na;tional party working to correct every later said no further state compliance hear­ injustice, every problem that troubles this pearing in the Washington Evening Star ings will be scheduled until the appeals 2a, nastll.on. Our mission must be to invite every­ on January 1970, by Robert Walters, court issues a final ruling. one to pitch in with us and help," Nelsen entitled "Court Rebuffs HEW, Justice on Under the current court restrictions, HEW declared. Role of Poor in Hearings." The article has the choice of either holding no hearings, "Among the great ironies," according to points to the unjustifiable resistance of or granting the welfare recipients full par­ the farmer-laWin.a.ker, "is the unreasonable our governmental institutions to mean­ ticipatory status--including the right to call liberal-led attack on Vice President Agnew ingful participation by the poor, as shown their own witnesses, cross-examine other for daring to disa.gree in public." As one by the reluctance of the Justice Depart­ parties' witnesses and examine all pertinent example, he said, such leading liberals as ment and the Department of Health, documents in the cases. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, AdlJa.l Ste­ Education, and Welfare to let poor peo­ When the Connecticut hearing opened on venson and Hubert Humphrey all, at one Tuesday, Adelsheim proposed a compro­ time or another, expressed differences with ple participate fully in hearings on State mise-"a.micus curae" or friend-of-the-court the press. In a 1941 speech, President Roose­ welfare reforms. Mr. Walters reports the status, which would give the poor people the velt accused newspaper owners of printing Justice Department's being "concerned right only to make one oral statement dur­ "pure bunk-B-U-N-K-bunk ..." In 1942, about a precedent that might substan- ing the hearing and file a written brief for Stevenson observed that "The failure of the 3466 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 commerci

Lithuania on February 16, 1918. For paper describes the process, of acting as "a PART OF WIDER ISSUE the past 29 years, this nation has been biological high explosive. Cats, dogs, and The current focus on evironmental prob­ occupied and exploited by the Soviet other carnivorous animals feed on dead ro­ lems is taking in more than air and water dents and may be poisoned by the 1080 in pollution. Pesticides and herbicides and their Union. the carcasses." Mr. Speaker, I am certain it is the impact on the environment are also at the The coyote (being a member of the dog center of attention. The position control fervent hope of all Americans that one family, is killed by 1080, wtth a special re­ program is a part of this. day this nation, which has suffered so action. After eating the poison, he may run As only one indication of the deep feel­ very much, will again be free of Com­ as far as 20 miles before dying. As he runs, ings-and the new interest--aroused, con­ munist bonds. he vomits as many as five times. Each time, sider the letter written by Dr. Raymond F. he spews poison out onto the grasses and Bock Jr. of the Pima County MecUcal Society desert soil. Birds, and even cattle, who might in Tucson to the director of the U.S. Wild­ eat the affeoted grass are liable to the poison life Services Division in charge of the poison themselves. program in Arizona PREDATORY MAMMAL CONTROL Rodents and carrion-eating birds such as eagles, buzzards, hawks and ravens that "The Pima County Medical Society is be­ might feed on the carcass of the coyote be­ coming increasingly concerned with our en­ HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE come poisoned also. vironmental problems," Dr. Bock wrote. "The OF MASSACHUSETI'S Beyond that, conservationists and ecolo­ Sooiety realizes that poisons of various kinds IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gists say the k1lling of coyotes sets off a have an adverse effect on this environment, biological chain reaction with devastating to the ultimate detriment of many species, Monday, February 16, 1970 effect. including homo sapiens. Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, on May 19, The coyote-rodent cycle is a prime exam­ "This letter was triggered by your De­ 1969, I introduced H.R. 11405, which ple. partment's map of proposed poison (1080) FEED ON RODENTS sites fer 1970 and your admission of about would establish a national policy and a 40 per cent increase in this poison pro­ program ~th respect to wild predatory Coyotes normally feed on rodents-prairie dogs, ground squirrels, rats, gophers and gram. When one considers that each dot on mammals. This is not the first time I other pests, including rabbits. When the that map represents 40 pounds of sodium­ have called for such a policy. In the first coyote population is "controlled," the rodent monofiuoracetate-treated meat, dosage session of the 90th Congress, I introduced population springs up in greater number, enough to klll some 1,500 animals each dot, a substantially similar bill. posing another kind of agricultural threat: one wonders whether someone in your de­ partment has gone mad from a personal H.R. 11405 differs from my preceding rodents damage the crops. hatred of predators. bill in that it specifically prohibits the So a second "control" program is then utilized. Grain mixed with 1080 poison is " In this regard, consultation with trained use of poison in any such national pro­ biologists, ecologists and mammalogists has gram on predatory mammals. I believe seeded across the landscape to control the rodents. Some of the grain is scattered by indicated some startdng inconsistencies. the use of poison is not only cruel, but helicopters. It becomes a deadly bait for "Concerning your division of Wildlife also self-defeating. the prairie dogs, squlrells, gophers and oth­ Services, we have found consistent objection I have argued against poison many ers. As they are killed, their death leads to to your methods by trained biologists. Fur­ times in the past. On February 13, 1970, stlll another round in the cycle. ther investigation into the entire animal Haynes Johnson, of the Washington Many of the dead rodents end up on the control program seems to indicate widespread Post, eloquently set forth in great detail surface of the ground. There, they are read­ senseless kil11ng of largely beneficial animals. what is wrong with the infamous "1080 ily available to be consumed by carnivores "Since we have been unable to find any and scavengers of all kinds. That leads to conservation organizations that favor your program" in Arizona. The 1080 com­ the secondary poisoning of yet another class methods, or for that matter, any trained pound, as the article indicates, kills di­ of animals. biologists that favor them, we wonder what rectly and indirectly, without discrimi­ Badgers, bears, foxes, raccoons, skunks, kind of misfits may be perpetrating this poi­ nation and without regard to the delicate opossums, eagles, hawks, owls, vultures-all son campaign?" balance of nature that must be preserved. are exposed to possible secondary poisoning. OFFICIALS DEFENSIVE I would like at this time to include Mr. FERRET NEARLY EXTINCT Perhaps because of such criticism, the Johnson's article in the RECORD. I hope The black-footed ferret, one of the rare government agents react extremely defen­ that it will stimulate a vigorous debate species of North America, is nearing extinc­ sively to questions about the poison program. among my colleagues and among the tion. The primary cause, that same govern­ In an interview with Robert Shiver, director American people, and that as a result ment study says, "is almost certainly poison­ of the Wildlife Services Division here, vir­ the necessary legislation will be enacted ing campaigns among the prairie dogs which tually every point advanced by the critics to control this so-called control program. are the main prey of the ferret." was dismissed. The article follows : To such arguments, the Wildlife Service "There are ecologists and ecologists," he maintains that it employs the poison be­ said. "J try to keep emotion out of this." (From the Washington Post, Feb. 13, 1970] cause it kills "selectively" and efficiently. He was striving, he said, for a "practical POISON RAVAGES DESERT'S LIFE CYCLE Yet there is an even more serious ques­ approach" to a practical problem, and spoke (By Haynes Johnson) tkm involved: Whether, in fact, the control of weighing the interests of wool growers, program is necessary at all. Figures about cattlemen's associations and sportsmen PHOENIX.-Coyotes are predators. They losses to livestock are hard to come by, but prey on rodents, game and, when they can against those of conservationists. Once, while two estimates, one private, the other gov­ referring to livestock losses, he remarked :find them, sheep and cattle. For years the ernmental, show that the cost of the poison federal government has been "controlllng"­ that there "is a constitutional right for program actually exceeds the livestock losses. someone to protect himself." that is, killlng-them by an extensive poison In addition, the number of sheep raised in program. the country has been declining in recent As for the larger questions of environ­ Across the Arizona desert, and in other years. mental degradation: "There's a whole lot western states, hundreds of bait stations are The 1080 polson is not the only part of the of things disturbing the balance of nature. put out each year. In each station, treated government's "predator control program." When man set foot on this planet he upset meat is set out alongside government signs Implanted in the desert are thousands of the balance." announcing that poison is being used "to what are called "coyote getters." They are The 1080 poison, he said, "is recognized as k111 pred'81tory animals which would harm guns that shoot cyanide in the coyote's the most effective, efficient and selective your livestock and game animals." mouth when he tugs at the scented trap. In method of controlling predators." Inside the meat is implanted Compound addition, some 20,900 strychnine tablets are Shriver also said there is no evidence that 1080, a highly toxic chemical capable of kill­ being used this year in Arizona. the poison does impair other wildlife. On ing at very low concentrations. A single "You go back and sit in a restaurant in that point, at least, there seems no doubt pound is enough to kill 1.8 million squirrels. Washington, D.C., or New York and tell peo­ that he is wrong. It is an odorless, colorless polson thrut does ple what's happening out here in Arizona Four years ago, in a congressional hearing not decompose in bait or poisoned carcas­ and I'd bet that half of the people wouldn't about the predator control program, the fol­ ses. It attacks the central nervous system, believe you," said Max Finch, general man­ lowing exchange took place between Rep. affecting the brain, heart, liver, and kidney. ager of the Arizona Humane Society. John D. Dlngell of Michigan and Stanley A. There is no known antidote for it. Finch was expressing prurt of the intense Cain, assistant secretary of interior for fish, It can be fatal to man. There have been controversy the poison program has gen­ wildlife and parks: at least 13 proven fatal cases and five sus­ erated here and in other western states. For Dingell: . . . "If I remember you folks in pected deaths from 1080 poison. years, conservation groups have been at­ the Interior Department have had some in­ The 1080 poison has another quality that tacking the program with little effect. Yet stances where you cleaned out your coyotes is a key part of this story: Its ability to kill for all the emotion and bitterness it has very thoroughly in the area and followed up continues beyond the first animal to eat it. aroused, only now is it beginning to surface the next year by being overrun with rodents It has the potential, as one government as a nrutlonal concern. and then had to conduct a fairly extensive February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3477 rodent program to bring the population back TRIBUTE TO BRAVE PEOPLE OF By criticizing the government of the czar into balance." LITHUANIA and the means it used against those who Cain: "I think that is a general fa.ot of had different beliefs, Lenin wrote: "Every federal history in control of these large pred­ person must have full freedom not only to ators. This is what produced, at least this is HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI profess any religion he wants, but also to publicize and change his faith . . . this is a partly what produced, the control problems OF U.LINOIS for deer and elk in national parks, the re­ matter of conscience and let no one dare duction in predators." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to interfere in these matters" (Writings of That, it would seem, is reason enough to Monday, February 16, 1970 Lenin, vol. 6, Moscow, 1946). question whether such a program should The USSR Constitution guarantees to its continue. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I join citizens freedom to practice any religion. The There are other serious objections. other Members of the House today in . laws of the SOviet Union will defend the "An ecological system that is less stable is paying tribute to the brave people of rights of the faithful to practice their reli­ more liable to collapse," says Dr. Gerald A. Lithuania on the 52d anniversary of gious rites. Article 143 of the Penal Law Cole, a professor of zoology at Arizona State their declaration of independence. Un­ speaks about the penalties, if anyone inter­ University. "This is an ecological principle feres in the exercise of these rights. But in that seems to hold true down the line. Why fortunately, the Lithuanian people are reality it is not so. The laws which protect are the deer in trouble? We don't know. now captives of communism, and this the rights of the faithful are broken without Have we done something we don't even great holiday is forbidden by their pres­ any consideration. The Oatholic Church in know about? ent Red tyrants. Lithuania is condemned to die. The facts "When you start managing the species Therefore, on this great historic day speak about this. If 1n 1940 there were four you're creating strange fluctuations. A lot for Lithuanians, we must rededicate our­ seminaries for priests in Lithuania and about of things die, and wh81t, precisely, does hap­ selves to efforts to see that freedom is 1,500 priests, then after 1944 there was only pen? Are soil and vegetation affected? At restored to these brave people and all one seminary left, in Kaunas. About 400 this point, there is no way of any honest seminarians used to fiock to it from all the appraisal." the other captives of communism. dioceses. In 1946, in the very midst of the As one vivid example, Dr. Cole pointed to After 123 years of czarist Russian oc­ school year, only 150 seminarians were per­ a problem involving the famous saguaro cac­ cupation, the Lithuanians declared their mitted to stay. During the last few years, in tus, the giant cactus that is so identifled independence on February 16, 1918, and all the five courses in the seminary, the limit with the Arizona desert. Today, he says, they instituted a democratic republic. This is 30 seminarians. If a seminarian leaves or do not seem to be reproducing and are in government flourished for 22 years, but gets sick, no one is allowed to take his place. danger of extinction. Lithuania was forcibly seized by the So­ About 30 priests die in Lithuania every year, One reason, he suggests, is that an increase but only 5-6 are ordained. This year (1969) in the rodent population causes them to be­ viet Union in 1940 and has been under only three new priests were ordained. Already, come increasingly destructive in eating the Communist rule since that time. at this time, many priests have to serve in two roots and seeds of the cactus. As we know, Mr. Speaker, in recent parishes. There is a good number of parishes Other critics of the poison program make years numerous documents of protest where the pastor is 70 years old. Even in­ these points: that it is bound to damage the against the suppression of basic human valids have to serve as pastors, for instance, entire wildlife system, and eventually man rights by the Soviet regime have reached in Turmanta.i. will be affected; that it makes better sense to the Western World. The courage of those Young people who want to enter the semi­ upgrade the environment instead of degrad­ nary meet many more difficulties than those ing it; that the day of the frontier long has who openly defy the Soviet police for na­ who intend to go to other schools of higher passed, and with it comes a recognition that tional, political, and religious causes, as education. The candidates are not chosen wildlife should be preserved on esthetic well as the breadth of such protests, in­ by the representatives of the Church, but by grounds alone. dicate the existence of important sub­ the officials of the government. This is not Finally, they say, the government itself in terranean processes of erosion and fer­ normal. What would we say lf candidates for a study report submitted to the then In­ ment in contemporary Soviet society. music would be selected by veterinarians or terior Secretary Stewart Udall in 1964 rec­ Significantly such protests are not re­ other specialists? ommended against the use of 1080 poison. stricted to the liberal intelligentsia in In January of 1969 the priests of the dio­ More hostile critics charge the government cese of Vilkaviskis addressed themselves to bureaucracy with continuing to use it for a Moscow, but have appeared in the pe­ the Chairman of the USSR Council of Minis­ baser reason-to perpetuate their own jobs. riphery among the nations incorporated ters concerning this abnormal situation in No one placed the problem in better per­ into the Soviet empire. the interdiocesan seminary in Kaunas. Dur­ spective than Joseph Wood Krutch, who re­ A few weeks ago another significant ing the month of February of the same year tired after a distinguished career as a New evidence of protest was received in the they contacted the still active bishops and York critic and nature writer to live in the· form of an appeal of 40 priests of the administrators of the dioceses about this Arizona desert. Krutch, a mild and thought­ sa.tne matter. Because of these moves, two ful man, sat in the living room of his ranch­ Vilnius diocese to the Soviet Premier priests, Rev. S. Tamkevicius and Rev. J . house style home in Tucson, looking out Kosygin against the deliberate persecu­ Sdepskis, lost their work certificates. They across the desert toward the distant moun­ tion and destruction of the Catholic had to seek other work, they cannot perform tains, and said quietly, "I'm one who believes Church in Lithuania. The document is their priestly duties. in catastrophe." the most authentic evidence of the real In 1940 there were 12 bishops in Lithuania, About wildlife problems, he said, "it's a status of religious rights in Lithuania, today there are only two left: bishop Matu­ fairly bad problem everywhere, but Arizona which are formally guaranteed by the laitis-Labukas, born in 1894, and bishop J. is especially bad. One reason why it's so diffi­ Soviet Constitution, but which are openly Pletkus, born in 1895. Two still effective and cult to do anything about it is people are so able bishops: J . Steponavicius (for 9 years) naive. They think if the state or federal gov­ violated by the Soviet authorities. But and V. Sladkevicius (more than 10 years) ernment spend so much money employing so perhaps even more important, this docu­ have been deported to far away parishes many people it must be important. ment shows the continuing viability of (house arrest, tr.). Although according to "But lots of time it's really a case of vested the struggle for basic human rights de­ Articles 62-69 of the Penal Code deportation interests, people protecting their own jobs. spite more than a quarter of a century is foreseen only for five years and that for The same thing is true throughout our of efforts to eradicate national and re­ grave offenses, but what have our shepherds society. ligious consciousness in Lithuania. done, without any court action or proven "What it comes down to is this: Science guilt, to be punished for an indeterminate and technology are creating more problems Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I insert with time? than they're solving-and yet we go right my remarks the translation of the declar­ From time immemorial Vilnius is the cen­ on With it." ation by the Priests of the Catholic ter of religious life, but today this city is not Krutch reflected on the changes he has Church in Lithuania to the chairman of allowed to have its bishop, even though other witnessed since coming to the desert. the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers which smaller religious communities, for 1nstance, "Twenty years ago in Tucson those moun­ is an extremely eloquent document merit­ the Orthodox, have their bishop, and others tains would have stood out as if they were ing our review: some equivalent religious leader. only two blocks away, and the sky was bril­ According to the Church Canon Law, the liant and clear. Now its beginning to look like DECLARATION capitular vicars are only temporary adminis­ Los Angeles." (By the Priests of the Catholic Church trators who are chosen when a bishop dies He ended on a gloomy note. in Lithuania) or leaves the office. The archdiocese of Vilnius "This may be the end of our civiliza­ In his article 'To the Country Poor", and the diocese of Panevezys now have been tion. It's going to be either catastrophe or Lenin, generalizing the tasks of the social administered by capitular vicars for 9 years, a new civilization, either collapse or change." democratic party, wrote: "Social democrats and that of Kaisiadoriai for 23 years. He might have added that when it comes demand that every person must have full It is not always, even for those who have to a question of predators, one familiar fig­ liberty to freely profess any religion" (Writ­ official authorization, that the bishops and ure still stands at the head of the list. Man. ings, vol. 6, Vilnius, 1961, p. 364). administrators are permitted to visit the par- 3478 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 1shes and confer the Sacrament of Confirma­ for catechlzation; Rev. M. Gylys and Rev. J. and could not work in the office, he night­ tion according to the canons of the Church. Sdepskis were sent to a forced labor camp. watched the a.n1mals on a collective farm. In the dioceses of Panevezys this sacrament In Anyksclai Miss 0. Paskeviciute prepared When he reached old age (b. in 1889), he ~ been conferred only once since 1961. In children for their first confession. For this applied to the Social Welfare Office of the other dioceses it 1s permitted to be conferred she was deported to a forced labor camp, Ignalina Region. An answer came back from only in the centers, for instance in Vilnius, where there followed her overexhaustion, his offi.ce that organists do not receive any Kaunas, but very rarely in the regional cities. sickness and death. Parents themselves have pension. Those who want to receive the Sacrament of the right to prepare their children, but they Many of the churches are not allowed to Confirmation have to travel from distant have no means: they are not prepared for this ring bells, use loudspeakers or any other places, endure all the hardships with their job, have no time for rell~ous books. In Mke technical means. Materials are not allotted small children. Thus great pressures and dif­ manner, during the czar's reign, workers and for the upkeep of the churches. The cities ficulties are created. . serfs could not make use of the right: to are growing, but since 1945 only two churches The pastoral work of the priests is being give their children higher education. have been built in Lithuania (one of which, hindered in a number of ways: one is notal­ Children who frequent the church experi­ in Klaipeda, has been turned into a music lowed to help the neighboring parishes in ence much abuse. They are made fun of, hall), many older churches are serving as religious services nor to invite the necessary wall bulletins write about them. In schools, storage places, museums and so forth. number of priests on special occasions of children are constantly being taught that These and many other painful facts which devotion. The faithful who want to confess religious parents are backward, have no we have mentioned here show that the have to wait for a long time, suffer incon­ knowledge and can give them no directives. priests and the faithful are discriminated venience and lose much of their precious Thus the authority of the parents is de­ against and they cannot fully use those time. On special days of devotion in some stroyed. When children cease to respect their rights which the USSR Constitution guar­ churches about 1000 people come for con­ parents, it is dlfficult to control them both in antees them. fession. If only three minutes would be given the school and outside its walls. Besides, Consequently, we have dared to address to each penitent, one priest would have religiously minded children are not allowed ourselves to you, Mr. Chairman of the USSR to hear confessions for 50 hours, and this is to take active part in the liturgy, sing in Ministers, hoping that you will correct this impossible. the choir, participate in processions, serve unnatural situation of the Catholic Church Specialists in all fields come together for Mass. Thus the rights of the faithful chil­ in the Lithuanian SSR and see to it that we, conferences to perfect themselves and learn dren and parents are severely violated. They the Lithuanian priests and faithful, as all from the experiences of others. The Church are harshly discriminated, coerced and forced other citizens do, will be able to exercise the Canon Law also requires that the priests to compromise others. For instance, on the rights as they are foreseen in the Constitu­ should make a three day retreat at least every 26th of December, 1967, the secondary school tion. · three years. Such retreats at this time are Director Baranauskas and other teachers in Signed by the Priests from the archdiocese forbidden not only at the diocesan centers, Svencioneliai kept the II-VI class students of Vilnius: 40 signatures, August, 1969. but also in the deaneries: even priests of one for two hours and a half until they forced deanery are not permitted to get together. them to write letters against the local pastor Mr. Speaker, to conclude my remarks I Official representatives of the government Rev. Laurinavicius. For one of those young­ would like to add a memorandum which (delegate of the government for religious af­ sters, J. Galla, an ambulance had to be called was prepared by the Lithuanian Ameri­ fairs, leaders of the regions and districts) give because of the threats. Second class student can Community of the U.S.A. which various directives to the priests only by word K. Jermalis was sick for a couple of months because of fear. The pastor, who allowed the spells out in a very effective manner the of mouth. It happens that these orders con­ present day circumstances in Lithuania tradict one another. For instance, a repre­ children to serve Mass and participate in a sentative of the executive committee's chair­ procession, was removed from Svencioneliai. and very properly points out the positive man of the Varena region forbade the pastor The offended parents of those children steps that can be taken on behalf of the of Valkininkai to accompany the burial pro­ turned to Moscow. How much time was lost, su1Iering people of the brave country of cession to the cemetery, while an agent for expenses incurred, health impaired? Just re­ Lithuania: religious affairs instructed that the priest can cently Rev. A. Deltuva was fined 50 rubles The memorandum follows: go to the cemetery, but he cannot do the because he allowed the children to serve A SEVEN-CENTURY QUEST FOR FREEDOM same from the home to the church. On April Mass. 15, 1969 an agent for religious affairs in According to the law, the convictions of (Brave Lithuania) Svencioneliai, in the presence of government one who believes and one who does not should CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 1970. officials and the members of the church com­ equally be respected, but the practice goes During the month of February, Lithu­ mittee, told the pastor that when there is a its own way. In many hospitals, for instance, anian-Americans will be commemorating the priest in the procession of the deceased no in Vilnius, Utena, Pasvalys, Anyksciai, even 719th anniversary of the formation of the hymns are allowed, but this can be done when sick people ask to receive the sacra­ Lithuanian State when Mindaugas the Great without the priests. If a person 1s buried with ments, their request is refused. In 1965 a unified all Lithuanian principalities into one religious rites, an orchestra is not permitted; driver, K. Semenas, and Miss B. Sudeikyte kingdom in 1251 and the 52nd anniversary of collective farms and organizations cannot married in the Church. By this act they lost the establishment of the Republic of Lithu­ help materially. their previous grant of a piece of land where ania which took place on February 16, 1918. Catholics in Lithuania cannot avail them· they were going to build a house. Notwith­ But this celebration of Lithuania's Inde­ selves of the freedom of the press for their standing the fact that all the material was pendence Day will not be similar to American religious needs. They cannot make use of the bought for the construction, they were told: celebration of the Fourth of July. It will con­ radio and television, of movie theaters, "Let the priest give you land." tain no note of joy, no jubilant tone of schools, lectures. We do not possess even the In Pasva.lys, Anyksciai and other places, achievement and victory. On the contrary, most elementary religious textbook, prayer­ even taxicabs, cannot bring the witnesses the observance will be somber, sorrowful, un­ book or other religious writings. During the of the marrying couple to the church. There derlined with the grim accent of defeat and Russian occupation not even one catechism is much suffering for the intellectuals who tragedy. For Lithuania has lost its inde­ was printed. Only in 1955 and 1958 a Catholic secretly baptize their children, marry or at­ pendence, and today survives only as a cap· prayerbook was printed and in 1968 a liturgi­ tend Mass in the church. These facts are tive nation behind the Iron curtain. cal prayerbook. But both of the editions had brought up aJt their work, often they are The Communist regime did not come to a very limited number of copies so that only reprimanded or even lose their jobs. For in­ power in Lithuania and other Baltic States a few families could acquire them. Besides, stance, in 1965 Miss P. Cicenaite, a school by legal or democratic processes. The Soviet the liturgical prayerbook was supposed to in­ teacher in Daugeliskis, was released from her Union took over Lithuania, Latvia and Es­ clude a short explanation of the truths of work by the school director because she would tonia by force of arms in June of 1940. The the faith, but •the delegate for religious af­ not forsake the church. When the school of­ Kremlin is fond of saying that Russian im­ fairs would not allow this to be printed. The ficials told her to leave, she, wishing to have perialism died with the czar. But the fate of priests and the churches received only one her book "clean", wrote a request to be re­ the Baltic nations-Lithuania, Latvia and copy of the Roman Catholic Ritual and docu­ leased from work. Often the faithful are re­ Estonia-shows this to be a cruel fiction. ments of Vatican II were available only for leased from work or are punished because of The Lithuanians are a proud people who the priests, one copy each. The faithful did their convictions, covering this fact with have lived peacefully on the shores of the not even have a chance to see these books. some other motives. Baltic from time immemorial. Their lan­ Although the USSR Constitution guaran­ In 1956 the Pension Act bypassed the serv­ guage is the oldest in Europe today. They tees freedom of conscience, and parents do ants of the church. Organists and sacristans were united into a State more than 700 years want and request that their children would be can only dream about pensions. For instance, ago, and by the 15th century their nation educated in a religious spirit, the priests and Mr. P. Pagalskas joined a collective farm extended from the Baltic to the Black Sea the catechists, however, are forbidden to when the soviets came to Lithuania. As all and almost to the gates of Moscow. Their for­ prepare children for their First Communion. other citizens, he delivered his horse and tunes gradually declined and the nation was The delegate for religious affairs allows the farming tools to the authorities. He was completely taken over by Russia In 1795. children to be examined only singly. Those working In the office of a collective farm as The intensive and determined struggle for who do not follow this unwrtt+;en law are an accountant, on Sundays he used to play freedom and independence from Czaristic severely punished. For instance, the govern­ the organ In the church. When he had the Russia was cllmaxed on February 16, 1918, by ment officials have fined Rev. J. Fabijanskas misfortune to get sick and became an invalid the Declaration of the Lithuanian National February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3479 Council, proclaiming the restoration of the Lithuanian-American Community of the than 40 miles from O'Hara and preferably Independence of Lithuania. USA, Inc., representing all Lithuanian­ not closer than 50 miles. While a dynamic The February Sixteenth Declaration was Americans throughout the nation, .most simulation study is being conducted by the unanimously approved by the freely elected fervently appeals to the representatives of Federal Aviation Administration which Constituent Assembly in 1920. Thus, follow­ the Federal, State and local governments, should shed further light on the question ing the will of the Lithuanian people, the religious leaders, labor unions, civil, political of air traffic separation in the Chicago re­ re-establishment of an Independent State and professional organizations, academic gion, the class, for the present, is impressed of Lithuania, with its capitol in the city of and cultural institutions, news media and that the airport separation standards sug­ Vilnius was accomplished. A diplomatic rec­ to the people of good will, to support the gested by the O'Hare traffic controllers should ognition by many free countries· followed. aspirations of the Lithuanian people for self­ be taken seriously. · On September 22, 1921, Lithuania was re­ determination and to national independence 4. Atmospheric conditions, such as relative ceived as a bona fide member of the League in their own country. freedom from fog, smoke and heavy snow­ of Nations, thereby Lithuania became a The free world can never rest in peace, fall, favor the choice of the south suburban member of the international community of knowing that in Lithuania under Soviet Rus­ area over an airport site located in Lake sovereign nations. A full diplomatic recogni­ sia rule, genocide and Russificati<'n are com­ Michigan. Maximum visibility during final tion by the United States of America on mon place, religious persecution is prevalent, IFR approaches to runways is still consid­ July 28, 1922, was followed soon, also with and basic human freedoms and rights are ered to be a vital requirement of aviation de jure recognition, by other world powers­ denied to the Lithuanian people. safety by airline pilots cons-ulted by the Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan. LITHUANIAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY OF class during the study. While concerted ef­ Soviet Russia recognized de jure the In­ THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, INC. forts are being made to permit automated dependence of Lithuania in 1920, and on all-weat her commercial aircraft landings in July 12th of the same year signed a peace the 1970's, the present state of instrumenta­ treaty with Lithuania which stated that: tion suggests that we are still uncertain "The Soviet Union recognizes the sover­ CHICAGO'S PROPOSED LAKE AIR­ with respect to the achievement of this goal eignty and independence of the Lithuanian PORT-II by 1975----

decent parents who object are some kind it violates the sanctity of the home and SPEECH OF CONGRESSMAN CORNELIUS E. of nuts, probably wearing tennis shoes. maintained that !f there was any educating GALLAGHER In neighboring Montgomery County to be done it should be at the parental level. As I was sitting here this morning, in this last week we saw a new twist to the popu­ Moreover, school officials said yesterday, wonderful community center, I began to there was a substantial number of requests think of the often repeated phrase, that the lar leftist line about calling a war to for the program from parents who supported which nobody comes. In Gaithersburg age of miracles came to an end long ago. The sex education in the schools. These parents giants who walked the earth in ages past High School plans were made to handle wanted a refresher course for themselves have, it is said, disappeared and left us with an overfiow crowd for an adult sex edu­ so that children wouldn't catch them ill­ nothing but overwhelming memories. And cation show entif Jd "The Psycho-Social prepared to supplement what they had as I considered these statements, I began to Aspect of Human Sexuality"-supposed­ learned in school. realize how untrue they really are. ly in response to popular demand. For these reasons, school officials said, they So, I stand before you today as one who Nobody came-nobody, that is except thought the sex education seminar might en­ believes he has seen a miracle occur, and as the school psychologist, three school ad­ joy a longer run than "The Sound of Music," one who believes he has seen giants among not to mention welding. men m-ake that miracle a continuing, every­ ministrators and one married couple who "I'm at a loss to understand the small at­ came monitor the proceedings as part day reality. to tendance," said Dr. Robert Schneider, an as­ For who among us who has seen the State of their program of opposition to the sistant superintendent for health education of Israel can deny that he has observed a sex education program which has caused and services. "In view of the fact that more true miracle? controversy in the county. than a few parents requested it, we offered And who among us who has watched Is­ it. They were saying you ought to educate rael grow and prosper amidst natural and The article is, as follows: the parents and not the children." [From the Washington Post, Feb. 13, 1970] nationalist enemies can deny that he has "!11 tell you," said Mrs. Robinson. "I have a seen anything but giants control the destiny CROWD EXPECI'ED, BUT ONLY Two ATTEND SEX friend and she has three boys. She says, 'Why of the Israeli State? EDUCATION TALK should I come? They can't get hurt.' I am really not the one to speak to you (By Richard M. Cohen) "Well, I have three girls and I don't feel people about Israel; for you, far more than The topic Wednesday night was "The that way." I, know its true significance for the world, Psycho-Social Aspect of Human Sexuality," For just a moment Wednesday night it ap­ and for the Jewish people. and announcement of the lecture was mailed peared that a third person had come to the But I have had the privilege and good for­ to every home in Montgomery County, to lecture. A man walked into the cafeteria and tune to visit Israel several times; and, if you every PTA, to all radio and television sta­ asked: will, I would just offer a few observations. tions and to all newspapers. "Is this driver education?" Because I have come to see Israel ln so many Gaithersburg High School's cafeteria had "Sex," replied one of the administrators. different ways. been reserved for the crowd. Plans were made "Sex!" the man exclaimed. I have seen it spiritually as a long-awaited to handle the overflow. A psychologist was to "Sex education," he was informed. and richly-deserved Jewish homeland, a land speak. "That's not for me," he said as he left. which fulfills the covenant of the Bible to Two persons showed up. the people of Israel. A land, indeed, Which Thus ended Montgomery County's attempt stands as a strong and symbolic witness to at sex education for adults. Its two lectures, the triumph of the Jewish people over the Wednesday night and Feb. 4, played to a countless adversaries they have faced grand total of eight persons, two of whom GALLAGHER CALLS FOR NEW ARMS throughout history. The promise of Zion attended twice. AID TO ISRAEL reached through fruition in the State of Is­ School officials had been certain that huge rael. Indeed, never before have the words crowds would be drawn to the lecture series uttered at the conclusion of the Passover because of the publicity the sex education HON. CORNELIUS 1:. GALLAGHER seder had such true significance: for when controversy has generated in the last year. OF NEW JERSEY the words of "next year in Jerusalem" ring "Most of the people who go on the PTA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out on Passover. we feel how truly possible circuit have been asked time and time again. that impossible deram has become. 'Why don't the schools help the parents be­ Monday, February 16, 1970 And, I have seen Israel as a sparkling come better sex educators?'" said Joel Craus­ Mr. oasis in the midst of the vast, dry deserts man, a school system psychologist and Mr. GALLAGHER. Speaker, on of the Middle East. Here, from the cradle Wednesday night's speaker. Sunday, February 15, I had the high of· civilization, has indeed sprung forth a "I don't }Olow where they are now," he honor and privilege to address a meeting new breed of men-men who have ta'ken added. "Maybe they're enrolled in knitting." of the Zionist District, of Bayonne, N.J. water from the dry lands, men who have Not exactly. There were 29 women that At this meeting, I was presented with constructed cities fTom barren hollows, and night studying sewing at the high school and the Golden Scroll Certificate of the Jew­ villages from uninhabitated plains. As Ja­ another 15 attending a class on antiques. ish National Fund. To say that I was cob wrestled with his God, so have the Welding attracted 18. humbled by this award would not be suf­ people of Israel wrestled with their en­ But in the cafeteria there were only Mr. vironment and reaped a harvest of milk and and Mrs. George Robinson of Colesville, op­ ficient--! was indeed overwhelmed. Mr. Speaker, the Zionist groups in the honey, both bountiful and blessoed. ponents of sex education in the schools and The Jewish refugee who stood in the ashes the parents of five children. They came for United States do not stand alone in their of• the Nazi holocaust, homeless and despair­ a lecture. Instead, they stumbled into what grave concern over the current situation ing, has found home, and hope, and, indeed, amounted to a private session with Craus­ in the Middle East. Israel is locked in a man, the school psychologist and three school a touch of heaven in the land so long prom­ administrators. struggle for its very survival; it is the vic­ isoed to his fathers. Crausman gamely launched into his pre­ tim of constant aggression and terrorist The world can only marvel at what has pared lecture--"What we are here to talk attacks. occurred in Israel. Hardly twenty young about tonight is psycho-sexual relation­ Now, as in 1967, it is our duty to offer years old, and Israel has already assumed ships"-but soon abandoned his format and firm support to the State of Israel. In her place in the ranks of the most developed, his suit jacket to conform to the occasion. short, it is at least our responsibility to most modern, and most progressive states "In a little group like this," he said, "this of the world. Who can look upon what has furnish arms to Israel to counter those happened in Israel and not see more than is a rare opportunity to answer your ques­ arms being furnished to the Arabs by the tions." the work of mere Man? "Well, I don't have any questions," Mrs. Soviet Union, France, and others. I have also seen Israel as the last best Robinson said. "I'm just here to keep an eye Mr. Speaker, I am sponsoring a resolu­ hope of democracy in the Middle East, as on the program." tion which calls upon the administration a partner for all times in progress with The program, which was to have been a to immediately enter into negotiations those peoples of the world who cherish peace, three-lecture series, was the county's re­ with Israel for the sale of Skyhawk liberty, and justice above all other consider­ sponse to a strong recommendation made by fighters, Phantom jets, and other neces­ ations. the State Department Of Education, itself sary arms. There is war in the Middle In a world gone seemingly mad, we :find a target of sex education critics. East, and we must leave no doubt as to two strongholds of sanity: the United States "A course covering falillily life and human and the State of Israel. And that is why, development shall be offered if funds are where our interests are alined. among many other reasons, that--as your e.vaila.ble by local school systems as part of I set forth in detail my position in my slogan goes-you don't have to be Jewish ·an adult education program," the state said. speech to the Bayonne Zionist District. to love Israel; you need only be American. In addition, opponents of sex education Under unanimous consent, the full text Wherever the forces of' freedom stand de­ in the schools have frequently charged that of my remarks follows: fiant against the challenge of aggression, 3490 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS -February 16, 1970 there the United States has a natural alli­ no compromise with wanton aggression; it Act into law less than a month before ance. And so, in Israel the United States is a policy which proclaims to the world the his tragic death. President Johnson, 1n has a natural ally and a friend. It is not a integrity of Israel's borders and the sov­ father-son or a big brother-little relation­ ereignty of her government. 1964, reaffirmed his commitment to the ship; but it is, and must continue to be, In sum, it is a policy which leaves no objectives of the program and asked for one of equals, of partners. doubt as to where America's interests are congressional support to extend and im­ Thus, I fought for the inclusion of money aligned in the Middle East. prove it. The Congress gave it to him. for a joint American-Israeli prototype de­ And how is this policy administered? It A group of San Fernando Valley com­ salinization plant, to be built in Israel, in is administered by sending arms to Israel munity leaders and mental health pro­ last year's Foreign Aid Bill. SOine Members when arms are required to counter the arms fessions, in the fall of 1964, undertook the of the Congress desired to delete these funds; sent to the Arabs by the Soviet Union. Ac­ task of studying the surrounding com­ indeed, the Administration did not include cordingly, I sponsored the resolution which munity to determine the feasibility of them at all, nor did it include funds for the sent Phantom Jets to Israel in 1968, and Hadassah hospital on Mount Scopus, nor I am announcing here today that I will developing a mental health facility, un­ did it include funds for the Weizmann Ckad­ sponsor the resolution which will send Sky­ der the provisions of the Federal act, to uate School in the initial Foreign Aid request hawk Jets to Israel today, not next year, but provide financial assistance for building which it sent to Capitol Hill. But, as I said in 1970! I will introduce this resolution in and staffing such a facility. Prominent on the Floor of Congress when managing the Washington this week. among the group was the Reverend amendments, this appropriation was vitally This policy is administered by supporting John G. Simmons, long an innova tor of necessary for the United States as well as for direct, face-to-fa.ce negotiations between Israel and the Arabs. Accordingly, I co-signed plans and programs to serve community Israel. Because this is the type of Foreign needs. As an outgrowth of the survey, a Aid in which we ought to always be involved; the National Declaration in support of such money to promote the implements of pea<:e talks in 1969, and I have sponsored the Con­ pilot program was initiated on January in order to avoid future wars. gressional resolution calling upon our Presi­ 1, 1966, at the Pacoima Memorlal Lu­ Israel has turned every cent of its aid dent to support such talks today, not next theran Hospital, which I am proud to money from the United States into a dollar's year, but in 1970! Israel must be the master say is located in my congressional dis­ worth of value: it has paid us dividends be­ of her own destiny. It is always appropriate trict. yond comprehension on the relatively small for the so-called Big Four powers to talk In the spring of 1966, a grant applica­ amounts of capital we have invested. In fact, about world problems; but, it is never ap­ propriate for these powers to grossly impose tion was submitted to the Federal Gov­ our investments in Israel have turned out to ernment to establish a comprehensive be the best foreign investments since the their will on an independent state. French put their money in thirteen British To those who shout that Israel must give community mental health center with colonies back in 1776. If we care about the back the Golan Heights; let them remember Pacoima Memorial Lutheran Hospital as best interests of the United States of America, the deadly Syrian artillery which rained ter­ the sponsoring agency. The grant was then we automatically care a.bout the best ror on peaceful Israeli villages before 1967. approved, and on September 1 of that interests of Israel, for they have become near­ Those guns are quiet today. To those who year, the Golden State Community to identical. proclaim that Israel must move out of Jeru­ salem; let them recall how Jerusalem's Arab Mental Health Center was established, But let us be perfectly frank: wish as we with Reverend Simmons as the center's may, money for economic development and Guardians denied Jews entry to the sacred shrines and to the holy Wailing Wall. And, to administrator. for scientific progress is not the stopping In the beginning, the center provided point and must not become the stopping those who see no need for Israel to stand point of American friendship to Israel. Be­ guard over Sharm El Sheik; let them remem­ services consisting of hospitalization, cause, Israel is today at war, and none can ber the pounding guns of Islam which des­ outpatient, day care, 24-hour emergency troyed Israeli shippjng before 1967, and closed be blind to that grim rea.lity. Israel is faced and community consultation services, the Suez Canal to the world. Those guns -are with an inpatient six-bed unit located in by a multitude of enemies which surround silent now. its borders; it is confronted by utterly ter­ the hospital. It was just a beginning, and rifying odds; it is locked in a struggle for My friends, if I have spoken more than is appropriate, you have my apologies. But, I the community profited well from it. survival. The need to grow and expand was It is not enough to sit back satisfied and can think of no subject more vital to the peoples of the world than peace in the Mid­ evident, and the same constellation of point out that Israel has conquered these dle East. odd-s before, and so can be expected to do forces set to work. Early in 1967, plans And so, I want to promise you, and to give for a new facility, to include a 26-bed so again with or without our assistance. That you my pledge, that I will continue with re­ really misses the point. Nobody will deny unit, consultation offices, a day-care newed vigor, my struggle to maintain a policy center and a group therapy facility, got that one of Israel's miracles is its' continued of strong friendship and firm support be­ success against Ara.b aggression. But, the tween the United States and the State of underway. vital point here is that while the Arabs can Israel. The hospital complex was approved afford to lose several wars. Israel cannot I will speak with any persons, appear be­ for a combined Hill-Harris and State of afford to lose even one. fore any forum, and stand firm against any California grant of $704,000. An addi­ And so, I have been greatly disturbed by challenge in what I believe to be freedom's tional $796,000 was secured from gifts, the current tenor of American Fbrelgn Policy first test in this decade. pledges, and financing, with another towards Israel. With your hearts, and your hands, and I am distUTbed by a policy that smacks $100,000 to be solicited during the con­ your voices, we will help America to help struction period. of appeasement: appeasement was not right preserve a land where milk and honey, and for Hitler in 1939, and it is no more correct above all, peace, flow with abundance for all. On December 18, 1969, the site for the for Nasser in 1970. new facility was dedicated with an im­ I am disturbed by a policy that threatens pressive ceremony. Reverend Simmons' to draw us into a tragic morass of missed remarks in his dedication address are a intentions such as developed in Vietnam. testament to what can be accomplished For, unless American policy is clear, con­ THE GOLDEN STATE COMMUNITY by community efforts, and I include his vincing, and coolly demonstrated in the Mid­ MENTAL HEALTH CENTER dle East, we may be tempting the Arabs, and address in the RECORD. The achievements their Soviet advisors, to think the unthink­ and expectations of the Golden State a.ble and move where no free state could ever HON. JAMES C. CORMAN Community Mental Health Center are, let them go. OF CALIFORNIA I am sure, of interest to every Member I am disturbed by a policy that threatens IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the House for they attest to the prom­ to cancel twenty years of friendship, support, ise we hoped would be realized when the and progress between the United States and Monday, February 16, 1970 Community Mental Health Centers Act Israel. What better friend have we had than Israel? ·what other nation has made Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, very often became public law. it relatively easy for us to be its friend I find myself amazed at what can be DEDICATION ADDRESS by standing self-reliant, proud, and always achieved by the cooperative efforts of the (By John G. Simmons) successful in defense of its own liberties? Federal Government and concemed citi­ This is the event, among many events, No American troops have ever fought in zens who have initiative and determina­ for many, many people. Especially, for me. Israel; and none will ever need to do so This Event embraces a never to be repeated if we but maintain our traditional policy. tion to work in the public interest. In 1963, Congress enacted long-needed Experience of Joy and Satisfaction. This And, what is this policy? It is nothing Event is the Birth of Expectations. more than a realistic assessment of the Mid­ legislation to provide a comprehensive Events decide the direction of our lives. dle East; it is a policy which faces the facts program for mental health and mental Twenty years ago I watched Luther Young­ and acknowledges the true enemy of peace in retardation. President Kennedy signed dahl, Governor of Minnesota, light the torch the Middle East; it is a policy that brooks the Community Mental Health Centers to hundreds of strait jackets and leather February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3491 wristlets while over a thousand patients in pectations within the P.M.L.H. family and two important anniversaries in February. the Anoka State Hospital cheered themselves within our communLty. They are typical of During this month in 1251, Mindaugas hoarse. That event, in retrospect, inspired me nearly all huma.n expectations. Many of to devote myself to the humane treatment them may fall when we are frustrated by the Great unified all the Lithuanian and prevention of Mental Illness. That event the resistance of other people or by the principalities into one kingdom. On Feb­ led to a succession of events and experiences happenings of life. We are people of hopes. ruary 16, 1918, 52 years ago, the Repub­ and expectations too numerous and too un­ Our hopes move us today for creating a more lic of Lithuania was established. I should important for this day and this event. meaningful tomorrow. like to commemorate these anniversa­ Th_is event, today, is the result of numer­ We expect tha.t during the months of the ries by inserting the following statement ous experiences, of expectations and frustra­ building of this facility that more and more and resolution in the RECORD: tions, of starts, spurts and stops; of defeats persons within our family and within our and victories; of tragedies and triumphs; of service community will become aware and A SEVEN-CENTURY QUEST FOR FREEDOM successes and failures; of dreams and informed and educated concerning Mental During the month of February, Lithua­ smashed dreams. Therefore, this event is a Health, as well as the relationship of Mental nian-Americans will be commemorating the joy filled to overflowing. It is more than a Health to Health. 719th anniversary of the formation of the passing, transient, shadow happiness. It is a We hope to create a healthier environment Lithuanian State when Mindaugas the Great Joyful Event of the Spirit with enduring for all the people of our community, rather unified all Lithuanian principalities into Substance. than molding people to fit into their un­ one kingdom in 1251 and the 52nd anni­ The experiences that produced today's healthy environment. We too often send versary of the establishment of the Republic event are many and varied, individual and people back into the same environment that of Lithuania which took place on February familial, institutional and community. Life's forced them into the hospital in the first 16, 1918. But this celebration of Lithuania's seemingly insignificant experiences, like the place. We usually behave as our 'environ­ Independence Day will not be similar to finger of the Dutch lad in the Dike, are ment' tells us. We must seek to prevent American celebration of the Fourth of July. meaningful. For instance, last week a poster Mental Illness and to teach Mental Health. It will contain no note of joy, no jubilant was prepared announcing today's event. The This means meaningful work is needed for tone of achievement and victory. On the con­ painter was apologetic, "I omitted the word all persons. This means adequa.te housing, trary, the observance will be somber, sorrow­ 'mental' before Health Center." "I'm pleased adequate diet, adequate space for the recre­ ful, underlined with the grim accent of you did-that highlights a significant truth ation of our lives. Poverty follows the dis­ defeat and tragedy. For Lithuania has lost of my experience." eases of the Heart and Cancer as the third its independence, and today survives only as Health is Wholeness. Health is Organic. major cause of death. a captive nation behind the Iron Curtain. Health is Salvation. Salvation is Health. When We have environmental pollution which The Communist regime did not come to we are healthy all of the physical, mental, makes a livable environment for healthy power in Lithuania and other Baltic States spiritual, political, economical, and social living difficult and death premature. The pol­ by legal or demo<:ratic processes. The Soviet parts of our lives are functioning as one lution of air and water, the atmospere, the Union took over Lithuania, Latvia and ... as a Whole. We have too long experi­ misuse of land, the lack of adequate public Estonia by force of arms in June of 1940. enced what the fragmented, isolated, piece­ transportation, the noise which destroys our The Kremlin is fond of saying that Russian meal, separated, segmented Health Care Sys­ environment must be attacked vigorously if imperialism died with the czar. But the fate tem has done to undermine and destroy the we are to effectively use the facility we con­ of the Baltic nations-Lithuania, Latvia and ecological nature of man's health. Our ex­ struct here. This facility is important, but Estonia--shows this to be a cruel fiction. periences have been that we have not been more important is the program of services The Lithuanians are a proud people who able to keep up with the health needs of that are rendered to people, where they live have lived peacefully on the shores of the people, nor have we been successful in pre­ and work, to prevent illness and disease. We Baltic from time immemorial. Their lan­ venting the increase of illness in our society must avoid the Edifice Complex as well as guage is the oldest in Europe today. They because of this anachronistic approach to avoiding institutional multiple sclerosis. were united into a State more than 700 health. We need to spend the next twelve to fif­ years ago, and by the 15th century their Our experience at P.M.L.H. indicates that teen months in educating every member of nation extended from the Baltic to the health care for all illnesses and diseases that our community, including the Personnel, the Black Sea and almost to the gates of Mos­ afilict people can be treated more adequately Medical Staff and the Board of Directors cow. Their fortunes gradually declined and in a community general hospital. We have within the P.M.L.H. Family. We need to the nation was completely taken over by experienced that going to where the people involve every person in our community of Russia in 1795. live in the community is a healthier approach service in the program of our Mental Health The intensive and determined struggle for than merely confining them in large imper­ Center. The building will reflect the attitude, sonal institutions away from their loved freedom and independence from Czaristic the philosophy and the expectations of all Russia was climaxed on Fe' rua.ry 16, 1918, ones and their community. who build it, serve, or are served by it. Our experience has taught us that a by the Declaration of the Lithuanian Na­ Disease and sickness affect both the rich tional Council, proclaiming the restoration healthy person must have the continuing and the poor. Prosperity and Poverty both opportunity to participate in decisions af­ of the Independence to Lithuania. produce their own diseases and illnesses. The February Sixteenth Declaration was fecting his life; that a healthy person must Health is now a promised right for all our have the opportunity to learn from his ex­ unanimously approved by the freely elected people and not merely the privilege of the Constituent Assembly in 1920. Thus, follow­ periences, including his mistakes and fail­ favored few. We expect that all of us work­ ures and must have the opportunity to de­ ing the will of the Lithuanian people, the ing together will make it possible for the re-establishment of an Independent State velop his own re.sources and skills to deal promised right of health care to be the real­ with his problems. We have experienced the of Lithuania, with its capitol in the city of ized right of all people in our community. Vilnius was accomplished. A diplomatic rec­ truth that every person has problems but I invite you to give your hands and hearts that at certain times they cannot solve them ognition by many free countries followed. and minds and all your resources to the On September 22, 1921, Lithuania was re­ by themselves. They need help. We must be achievement of our expectations for this prepared to make help av-ailable. ceived as a bona fide member of the League Community Mental Health Center. of Nations, thereby Lithuania became a We have had a very small inadequate in­ The earth moves in its orbit around the patient facility, but this has been helpful member of the international community of sun through the seasons, through night and sovereign nations. A full diplomatic recog­ to us. The presence of a Mental Health staff day, according to God's plan. We, the people improves the patient care of all of the pa­ nition by the United States of America on of the earth move, but not always according July 28, 1922, was followed soon, also with tients in the hospital. For instance, the ob­ to God's plan. We laugh, we weep, we fight stetrical patient who develops a psychotic de jure recognition, by other world powers­ and we forgive, we hate and we love, we Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan. reaction following the birth of a child can be suffer and we die, we reach out and we reach helped. Or the surgical patient who becomes in, we hurt and we heal, but always we Soviet Russia recognized de jure the In­ depressed following surgery can be helped. must work through and with others. P.M.L.H. dependence of Lithuania. in 1920, and on We have provided consultation in the in­ seeks to serve and to be served to make July 12th of the same year signed a peace numerable psycho-physiological diseases dis­ healthy and whole all God's children. treaty with Lithuania. which stated that: covered in many patients. We have discovered "The Soviet Union recognizes the sover­ that follow up care can be most helpful to eignty and independence of the Lithuanian patients not specifically admitted as "Mental State with a.ll the juridical rights associated Health Patients". QUEST FOR FREEDOM with such a declaration, and forever re­ We have also experienced tha.t we can pro­ nounces, in good faith, all Russian sovereign vide consultation for patients who come to rights, which it previously had in regards P.M.L.H. through an emergency, suffering HON. CLARENCE D. LONG to Lithuanian Nation and its territory." from different traumas as a result of acci­ The re-establishment of an Independent dents, alcoholism, drugs or attempted sui­ OF MARYLAND State of Lithuania and her return to the cide. We have experienced the need for re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES self-governing community of nations is the habilitation with patients who show no Monday, February 16, 1970 most significant historical event of the apparent visible scars. Twentieth Century for the Lithuanian Na­ This event today is filled with expecta­ Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, tion, whose political maturity, economic tions. There has been a rising tide of ex- Americans of Lithuanian descent observe achievements and cultural creativity were 3492 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 manifested during the period of restored In­ Whereas the Baltic peoples of Estonia, viets have been unable to weaken the dependence (1918-1940). Latvia, and Lithuania have been forcibly ethnic and cultural identity of the Lithu­ During the Second World War, the Repub­ deprived of these rights by the Government anian people, and have been unsuccess­ lic of Lithuania. became a victim of Soviet of the Soviet Union; and Russia's and Nazi Germany's conspiracy and Whereas the Government of the Soviet fUl in wresting their loyalty to the Lithu­ aggression, and as a. result of secret agree­ Union, through a program of deportations anian Nation. It is my sincere desire that ments between those two powers of August and resettlement of peoples, continues in its in observing these important events in 23rd and September 28th, 1939, became in­ effort to change the ethnic character of the Lithuanian history, and by recognizing vaded and occupied by Soviet Russian armed populations of the Baltic States; and the current plight of the Lithuanian peo­ forces on June 15, 1940. Whereas it has been the firm and con­ ple, we may encourage them in the main­ Since t he days of Soviet Russian occupa­ sistent policy of the Government of the tenance of their nnfailing spirit through tion, however, the Lithuanian people have United States to support the aspirations of the darkness of tyranny until the inevi­ waged an intensive fight for freedom. During Baltic peoples for self -determination and the period between 1944 and 1952 alone, some national independence; and table day when they will again join the 30,000 freedom fighters lost their lives in an Whereas there exist many historical, cul­ company of free nations. organized resistance movement against the tural, and family ties between the peoples invaders. Hundreds of thousands of others of the Baltic States and the American peo­ were imprisoned or driven to Siberia. Though ple: Be it that resistance movement was weakened and Resolved by the House of Representatives PLANNING THE EARTH•s SURFACE finally subdued due to a. failure to get any (the Senate concurring), That the House of material aid from the West, nevertheless, the Representatives of the United States urge Lithuanian people are continuing their pas­ the President of the United States- HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER sive resistance against Soviet Russian geno­ (a.) to direct the attention of world OF NEW YORK cidal aggression to this very day. opinion at the United Nations and at other The United States of America, mindful of appropriate international forums and by such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES its own struggle for freedom and independ­ means as he deems appropriate, to the denial Monday, February 16, 1970 ence, has remained sensitive to the aspira­ of the rights of self-determination for the tions of other people for self-determination. peoples of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania., Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, since the For this reason, Americans of Lithuanian and tum of the century this conntry has made descent are grateful to the Government of (b) to bring the force of world opinion to some admirable moves to preserve some the United States for denouncing the Soviet bear on behalf of the restoration of these of our environmental resources. Our na­ Russian aggression in Lithuania. and for re­ rights to the Baltic peoples. fusal to recognize the alien subjugation of Passed the House of Representatives June tional parks and the recent widespread Lithuania since 1940. The United States 21, 1965. legislative and administrative action at continues recognizing the sovereignty of Attest: all levels of government illustrate the Lithuania. The Lithuanian Legation at RALPH R. ROBERTS, concern we have had for sections of our Washington, D.C., Consulates General in New Clerk. environment. York, Los Angeles, Chicago and a. Consulate Yet, our entire environment has be­ in Boston are recognized and are functioning. come endangered by our lack of foresight Recently the United States Congress passed and planning. Indeed, our ignorance in H. Con. Res. 416 that calls for freedom for LITHUANIAN ANNIVERSARY the Baltic States. All freedom-loving Ameri­ matters of population control, ecology, cans should urge the President of the United and the nnexpected environmental ef­ States to implement this legislation by HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONGE fects f1f our ever-expanding material bringing up the question of the liberation of OF CONNECTICUT production prevent us from embarking the Baltic States in the United Nations and on any immediate efforts to preserve and urging the Soviets to withdraw from Lithu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES restore our environment. ania, Latvia and Estonia. Monday, February 16, 1970 Prof. Henry P. Caulfield, of Colorado Thus, on the occasion of the 719th anni­ versary of the formation of the Lithuanian Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, two sig­ State University, has written a paper state, and the 52nd anniversary of the estab­ nificant events in the history of the with suggestions for government action lishment of the Republic of Lithuania., the Lithuanian people occur this month. on these matters which I believe my col­ Lithuanlan-American Community of the February 14 marks the 719th anniversary leagues will benefit from. USA, Inc., representing all Lithuanian­ of the nnification of all the Lithuanian PLANNING THE EARTH'S SURFACE Americans throughout the nation, most fer­ vently appeals to the representatives of the principalities into one kingdom by Min­ (By Henry P. Caulfield, Jr., professor of Federal, State and local governments, reli­ daugas the Great in 1251, while February opoUtical science, Colorado State Univer­ gious leaders, labor unions, civil, political 16 is the 52d anniversary of the restora­ sity) and professional organizations, academic and tion of the Republic of Lithuania. In The 1960's will become known to history, cultural institutions, news media. and to the commemorating these events we should I suspect, as the decade in which popular people of good will, to support the aspira­ also take time to consider what has hap­ awareness of environmental degr.adation in tions of the Lithuanian people for self­ pened to Lithuanian sovereignty since the United States and recognition of the need determination and to national independence the Communist domination of that val­ for common action to achieve liveable en­ in their own country. vironments began to take hold. The free world can never rest in peace, iant nation. Insig'ht and concern wioth respect to nat­ knowing that in Lithuania under Soviet Rus­ From the very beginning of the Soviet ural environments and the need to maintain sian rule, genocide and Russificatlon are takeover, Lithuania has been subject to compatib111ty between man and nature has common place, religious persecution is preva­ the extreme cruelties of Russian coloni­ long been a part of our intellectual heritage lerut, and basic human freedoms and rights alism, including mass arrests, arbitrary in the works of Emerson, Thoreau, Marsh, are denied to the Lithuanian people. imprisonment, suspension of civil liber­ Powell, Muir and others. The great city parks ties, deportations, and the systematic crea.ted in the last century, the unique areas [89th Congress, 2d session, Calendar suppression of organized religion. Like­ of natural beauty and scientific and historic No. 1573] interest set aside as national parks, the wise, Soviet imperialism has developed spread of the national park idea abroad, the H. CoN. RES. 416 economic policies designed to enhance Adirondack Preserve and other State park [Report No. 1606] the welfare of the Russian State at the a.ction, setting aside of wilderness areas in In the Senate of the United States, June expense of the interests of the Lithu­ national forests, management programs to 23, 1966, referred to the Committee on For­ anian people. preserve fish and wildlife and the city plan­ eign Relations, September 19 (legislative day, Commnnist totalitarian planning has ning movement of this century all attest to September 7), 1966. Reported by Mr. FuL­ the heroic efforts of dedicated individuals BRIGHT (without amendment.) sought to eliminate Lithuanian cultural and small groups of the past. We, and those Whereas the subjection of peoples to alien values and religious traditions. Some of who come after us, should be forever grateful subjugation, domination, and exploitation the calculated schemes used have in­ for thelr work. But clearly, their successes in constitutes a denial of fundamental human cluded large-scale Russian immigration, preserving natural areas and in giving some rights, is contrary to the Charter of the the rewriting of Baltic history to show degree of architectural form to man-made United Nations, and is an impediment to the an alleged cultural and political affinity communities were only piecemeal within an promotion of world peace and cooperation; with the Soviet Union, and an ever-in­ over-all contex;t of rampant industrial de­ and creasing enforcement of the use of the velopment, increasing production af material Whereas all peoples have the right to self­ wealth, and the development of 1-a.Tge urban­ determination; by virtue of that right they Russian language in public life. ized. areas. freely determine their political status and In spite of the ruthless methods em­ Within the decade of the sixties intellec­ freely pursue their economic, social, cultural, ployed and the complete disregard for tual awareness of our environmental plight and religious development; and Lithuanian rights and liberties, the So- has achieved new dimensions of concern. February 16, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3493 Ecology is becoming a part of the general of fishes, use of the sea bed, and migratory ber, by 2020. Clearly, official national consid­ v-ocabulary. Popular reaction is manifest to waterfowl. Bilateral activity too is significal;lt, eration of this matter is long overdue. manifold environmental pollutants, to dep­ such as our joint efforts with Canada to But so is our policy of ever increasing per redation of specific areas of wild and scenic abate pollution of the Great Lakes. Interna­ capita real income, which largely reflects beauty, and to the claustrophobia of urban tional concern for environmental quality has material well being. The Nation experienced areas without open space. A New Conserva­ been expressed in several conference in the a remarkable rate of growth of gross na.tionai tion, as a public philosophy and guide to last twenty years sponsored by the United product (GNP) of 4.7 percent per year for political life, is in the beginning stages of Nations, the International Union for the the period 1960-1965. From 1910 to 1965 the development. Silent Spring by Rachel Carson, Conservation of Nature and National Re­ rate was less, 3 percent per year. An annual the report of Lawrence Rockefeller's Outdoor sources and other international groups. The rate of growth of 4 percent, probably a sus­ Recreation Resources Review Commission, UNESCO Intergovernmental Conference of tainable rate under full employment condi­ The Quiet Crisis by Stewart L. Udall, his vig­ Experts in 1968 on the Scientific Basis for tioru;, indicates a GNP of rubout 4,686 billion orous and fruitful political leadership for Rational Use of the Biosphere is a particu­ (1954 dollars) in 2020 compared with 550 eight years as Secretary of the Interior, the larly important forerunner of the United billion (1954 dollars) in 1965. This develop­ White House Conference on National Beauty Nations Conference on the Environment ment by 2020 would represent roughly, a in 1965, Mrs. Lyndon Johnson's beautification scheduled for 1972. threefold increase in per capita national in­ projects, the report on environmental pollu­ Most, but not all, action to date at local, came. On the basis of their records to date, tion of the President's Science Advisory state, national and international levels has many countries of the world would not Committee, the many good works of private been a reaction to clear and present dan­ achieve such an increase in the level of their organizations constituting the Natural Re­ gers-pollution of air, water and the whole material living, but some countries might do sources Council of America, the many pro­ biological environment by atomic wastes, even better. posed Environmental Quality Acts now be­ pesticides and other contaminants; loss to Man's environment on this earth involves fore Congress, President Nixon's creation of development of specific natural areas; his­ finite, space composed of finite environ­ a Cabinet-level Council on Environmental toric sites or areas, or a beautiful vista; and mental areas of differing natural capability Quality, and Secretary of the Interior Hickel's extinction of specific species of fish or wild­ in support of man and other life. Thus, recent Conference on Water Pollution with life. Public reaction to the prospect of popu­ clearly, infinite expansion of population and the nation's leading industrialists-all of lation explosion, on the other hand, involves material production is incompatible with these are but a few of the many signs of a more a public vision of long-term future con­ man's situation here. At some point growth major concem of our times. That we as a sequences. This is also true of support, gen­ in population and material production are Nation should be concerned with our total erally, of all antipollution activities, of a sys­ going to have to stop. This may not be done environment, not just with the quantity of tem of wild and scenic rivers, and of other to "an early running out of resources" in our material production but also with the major strategic actions. the way leaders of our Traditional Conserva­ quality of our environment, is the main Only in the most inchoate form, however, tion Movement and Malthus feared. Scien­ policy thrust of the New Conservation. Its would it appear that this public vision re­ tific and technologic advance may continue widespread and general acceptance in prin­ flects knowledge of the basic insight of sci­ for many years to enable use of lower quality ciple would seem to have been achieved. entific ecology. Thus ecological policy con­ resources and substitute materials without But more than this has been achieved. Too cern (i.e., sustainable accommodation of increasing real cost, as the work of Resources few, but still many, specific advances have mankind within his natural environment on for the Future, Inc., suggests.cl But what of been m ade. this earth) is not yet the foundation, clearly, the quality of life, the livab111ty of the City governments increasingly are taking of a new sense of community of man in which earth? steps to abate water and air pollution, im­ the enhancement of environment quality The President's new Council on Environ­ prove solid waste disposal, provide open pervades all decisions. mental Quality, logically, cannot avoid these space, lessen congestion by improved mass Hence, planning comprehensively the en­ issues. Hopefully, it will not try to do so in­ transit, renew central cities and control de­ vironment of, say, 1967, 2000, 2050, and 2100 definitely. Without policies calling for stabil­ velopment with urban plans. is not undertaken anywhere in the world. ization of population and per capita national State governments are increasing their aid Comprehensive multiplepurpose river basins income some time in the next century, de­ to city govemments focusing upon abate­ planning, as conducted today in the United tailed efforts to plan now and in the future ment of water and air pollution more gen­ States by Federal, State and local agencies for environm.ental quality at Federal, State, erally, fostering flood plain management and under the Water Resources Planning Act ot and local levels of government with the help rural zoning, and providing State recreation 1965, comes as close to comprehensive en­ of an alert and informed citizenry will be, in and fish and wildlife areas. Moreover, some vironmental planning as there is today. my judgment, to no avail. The first national states are taldng the lead in the prohibition Moreover, The Nation's Water Resources, the environmental assessment should recognize first national assessment of the Water Re­ these fundamental issues and begin to discuss of certain long-life pesticides that are be­ sources Council, published in November 1968, coming pervasive in the environment and them. Incidentally, the President's Council of dangerous to man and other life. comes as close to a national environmental Economic Advisers--on the basis present assessment as there is today.1 But support for The Federal government through the Land theory and methods of managing our eco­ both of these efforts is found today more nomic life at full employment and with large and Water Conservation Fund and other among those concerned with adequate re­ means has provided substantial financial as­ areas of freedom of private decision making­ source development than with environmen­ may have more difficulty confronting these sistance to States and local governments tal quality. with respect to: purchase and development The several Environmental Quality Acts issues than his Council on Environmental of natural, recreation and open space areas; now under consideration by the Congress Quality. abatement of air and water pollution; solid provide for periodic national environmental The Council on Environmental Quality is waste disposal; development of "model cities" assessments. But none of them come to grips plagued by another problem which it will and ather types of urban renewal; and un­ with the ·organizational problems of plan­ find difficult to solve but which it must solve dertaking of comprehensive and functional ning all public-sector activities, including as soon as possible. It will find, however, that planning. Additions to the National Park and environmental quality planning, and of the it will only be able to lend its support to a National Forest Systems, improved recrea­ relative roles therein of Federal, State and solution which will take others many years tional and environmental measures in Fed­ local governments. The plethora of uncoor­ to realize. In the meantime, its work will eral water and related land resource projects, dinated "Councils" now surrounding the suffer greatly. I have reference to our poverty, and the world's poverty, of solid scientific establishment of the National Wildemess President is nat considered either.2 System, National Wild and Scenic River Sys­ A much more fundamental problem, with detailed knowledge of ecological relationships tem, and National Trails System constitute which an enVironmental quality act now and their tolerances to extemal intrusions. direct Federal forward moves. Some of these could not hope to cope, are the implicit pol­ Ecology today, as many ecologists will admit, is advances will require many specific imple­ icies of the United States and most countries strang on concept but weak on solid knowl­ menting actions before they will achieve in favor of ever increasing population and edge. This knowledge is basic to the prepara­ their full impact. Establishment of a Na­ per capita national income. President Nixon tion of practical plans for environm.ental tional Offshore Island Preservation System has followed up on the proposal of former quality. A very substantial national and and a National Scenic Road System are pos­ Secretary of the Interior Udall with respect to worldwide program of ecological research and sibilities for action in the near future. Im­ the establishment of a Population Polley survey involving universities, other research institutions and government is Vitally proved environmental consideration in the Commission.3 Presumably the Commission development of the interstate road system will consider the need for stab111ty of popula­ needed.6 and more thoroughgoing action with respect tion some time in the future and the means "Planning the Earth's Surface" with "A to environmental pollution from pesticides, that might be viewed as appropriate to View Toward Survival of Man and His Envi­ fungicides, fertilizers, automotive combus­ achieve it. The Nation passed the 200 milllon ronment," as a first step as I see it, involves tion including lead are also on the agend.a, mark in late 1967 and, on the basis o! a 1.6 facing up to these three major issues: popu­ hopefully, for early national action. percent annual increase compounded, the lation growth, ever expanding material pro­ International activity includes such multi­ United States will have a population of 468 duction, and the present poverty of solid lateral developments as the nuclear test ban million, more than double our present num- scientific detailed ecological knowledge both treaty, the treaty on the peaceful use of out­ in the United States ancl in the rest of the erspace, treaties with respect to conservation Footnotes at end of article. world. In addition, I need hardly add, a cul- 3494 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 16, 1970 tural revolution, worldwide, is implicit in all sary of the birth of the Lithuanian Re­ 1937, and in 1940 he was elected Vice Presi­ of this. public, let us reaffirm our belief in the dent and Assistant Corporate Secretary. In The U.N. Conference on Environment right of self-determination for all people 1954, he was elected Administrative Vice scheduled for 1972 will need to confront these everywhere. The United States recog­ President. issues, as will the nations of the earth besides From 1960 to 1966 Clint Towl was President the United States. A periodic World Environ­ nized Lithuania as a sovereign nation in of Grumman Aircraft, and since that time mental Assessment prepared under the aegis 1922 and has continued to recognize that has been Chairman of the Board and Chief of the United Nations for consideration with­ sovereignty despite Russian claims to all Executive Officer. in its framework, I should think, is a most the Baltic States--Lithuania, Latvia, and Adelphi University conferred on him a Doc­ useful recommendation which might come Estonia. Congress, fully committed to tor of Laws degree in 1967 for playing "so out of the deliberations of the Conference in the principles of self-determination, has vi tal a role in the progress of Long Island 1972. Continuation of present specific efforts authored a resolution urging the Presi­ and the University." For the United Fund at international environmental planning and dent to direct the attention of the United of Long Island he has served successfully action as well as new specific initiatives, as the first Campaign Fund chairman, Presi­ should be encouraged. But a more elaborate Nations to Russia's subjugation of the dent, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, approach to comprehensive environmental Baltic States and to bring the force of and, at present, Trustee and member of the planning on a worldwide basis appears to me world opinion to bear on behalf of free­ Executive Committee. He also is active on to be premature at this time. dom for all Ukrainian people. In the spir­ behalf of the Boy Scouts, having served as FooTNOTES it of this commitment, I take pride in Leadership Gifts Chairman for the Nassau 1 "The Nation's Water Resources, the First recognizing Lithuania's independence Council and was Chairman of the Century National Assessment of the Water Resources day, the 52d anniversary of the birth of Club. Council," for sale by the Superintendent of the Lithuanian Republic. In 1966 Mr. Towl received the Adelphi Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Suffolk (now Dowling) College Distinguished Washington, D.C. 20402; full report, $4.25; Citizen Award, the Long Island Press Dis­ summary, 65 cents. Library of Congress Cata­ E. CLINTON TOWL tinguished Service Award, and the annual log Card Number: 68-62779. Award of the Society for the Advancement of 2 See "Environmental Management: Water Management, Long Island University. and Related Land" by the author when Ex­ HON. LESTER L. WOLFF He is a member of the Board of Governors ecutive Director of the Water Resources OF NEW YORK of the Aerospace Industries Association, and Council, Washington, D.C., Public Admin­ for some years has been a director of Ban'k­ istrative Review, Vol. XXVIII, No. 4, July­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers Trust and of the Long Island Lighting August 1968, pp. 306-311. Monday, February 16, 1970 Company. He is also an honorary trustee of a Stewart L. Udall, "1976-Agenda for To­ Adelphi University. morrow," Harcourt, Brace and World, New Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, part of the Clint Towl is a native of Brooklyn and York, 1968; p. 124. Library of Congress Card greatness of this country is the oppor­ attended St. Paul's School, Garden City, and Number: 68-28819. tunity our citizens have to begin with Cornell University. He and his wife, Chris­ • Han H. Landsberg, Leonard L. Fischman little more than an idea and some aspira­ tine, live in Syosset. They have a married and Joseph L. Fisher, Editors, "Resources in tion and to eventually rise to be a leader daughter and son. America's Future-Patterns of Requirements among men. As Grumman saluted members of the and Availabilities, 196Q-2000"; published for E. Clinton Towl, a resident of Syosset, "Quarter Century Club" last month at the Resources for the Future, Inc., by The Johns annual luncheon honoring all who have had Hopkins Press, Baltimore; 1963. Library of which is part of the Third Congressional 25 years of association with the Company, Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-7233. District which I am proud to represent, he received a special gem-studded Grumman G F. Fraser Darling and John Milton, Edi­ is one man who typifies the opportuni­ insignia pin in recognition of his 40 years tors, "Future Environments of North Amer­ ties we provide hard-working, creative of service. ica--Being the record of a Conference con­ persons. vened by the Conservation Foundation in This outstanding citizen, whom I have April 1965, at Airlie House, Warrenton, Vir­ had the good fortune of knowing for a ginia: The Natural History Press, Garden LITHUANIAN RECOGNITION City, 1966, pp. 704-716. Library of Congress number of years, in the thirties, nursed Catalog Card Number: 66-20989. a small garage-based engineering firm into a giant industry-a giant which HON. LESTER L. WOLFF helped us land on the moon. E. Clinton OF NEW YORK LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY Towl helped raise Grumman Aircraft IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Engineering into the highly laudable Monday, February 16, 1970 Grumman Aerospace Corp. and her sub­ HON. DANIEL E. BUTTON sidiaries all of which hold records for a Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, among the OF NEW YORK vast range of records and achievements. important dates which deserve recogni­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The success of this engineering firm, tion this month are February 14th and Monday, February 16, 1970 is not too difficult to understand if one today, February 16. These are days knows Clinton Towl. A native of Brook­ which no Lithuanian will ever forget. Mr. BUTTON. Mr. Speaker, through­ lyn, and a graduate of St. Paul's in Gar­ For on these 2 days important tenets, out our Nation and elsewhere in the free den City, N.J., and Oornell University, which maintain this captive nation's free world people of Lithuanian descent are he is a man of intelligence, courage, sen­ spirit, were established. celebrating the 52d anniversary of the sitivity, business acumen, and charm. All On February 14, we observed the 719th Republic of Lithuania, which declared its of these qualities have helped to make anniversary of the formation of the Lith­ sovereignty on February 16, 1918. It is my Grumman what it is today. uanian state which unified all Lithua­ privilege to join the observance of this Now serving as chairman of the board nian principalities, and on February 16, anniversary along with all freedom-lov­ and chief executive officer of both Grum­ we mark the 52d anniversary

SENA·TE-Tuesday, February 17, 1970 The Senate met at 10:30 o'clock a.m. The ACTING PRESIDENT protem­ "202. Agreement or award falling under the and was called to order by Hon. RoBERT pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. Convention. C. BYRD, a Senator from the State of "203. Jurisdiction; amount in controversy. West Virginia. "204. Venue. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING "205. Removal of cases from State courts. SENATE SESSION "206. Order to compel arbitration; appoint- L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following ment of arbitrators. prayer: Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask "207. Award of arbitrators; confirmation; ju­ unanimous consent that all committees risdiction; proceeding. 0 God, the source of our being and be authorized to meet during the session the goal of all our striving, as we assem­ "208. Chapter 1; residual application. of the Senate today. "§ 201. ENFORCEMENT OF CONVENTION ble to seek Thee afresh may all our The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ "The Convention on the Recognition and doubts be banished. In this hushed mo­ pore .. Without objection, it is so ordered. Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of ment may we find Thee moving upon the June 10, 1958, shall be enforced in United higher ranges of .our minds, intruding States courts in accordance with this upon our noblest thoughts, moving in CALL OF THE CALENDAR chapter. the depths of our inmost being, satisfy­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask "§ 202. AGREEMENT OR AWARD FALLING UNDER ing the hunger for the truth which sets unanimous consent that the Senate turn THE CONVENTION us free and gives us power. Behind the "An arbitration agreement or arbitral to the consideration of measures on the award arising out of a legal rela:tionship, tangle of human affairs, beyond our calendar beginning with Calendar No. clouded vision, and despite our groping whether contractual or not, which is con­ 694. sidered as commercial, including a transac­ ways may we behold some mighty p ur­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ tion, contract, or agreement described in sec­ pose at work in our times and beyond. pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. tion 2 of this title, falls under the Conven­ Work Thy holy will in us and through tion. An agreement or award arising out of us, 0 God, our life, our hope, and our such a relationship which is entirely between strength. ADJUSTMENTS IN FOREIGN SERV­ citizens of the United States shall be deemed Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. ICE RETIREMENT SYSTEM not to fall under the Convention unless that relationship involves property located abroad, The bill