Glaciares Colombianos 1
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Threatened Birds of the Americas
GOLDEN-PLUMED PARAKEET Leptosittaca branickii V/R10 This poorly known parrot is found very locally in temperate Andean forests in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, in the first two of which it has suffered from much habitat loss; its nomadism, which may be related to a heavy dependence on Podocarpus cones, renders it highly problematic to conserve. DISTRIBUTION The Golden-plumed Parakeet is known from at least 70 specimens, and has been recorded from at least 30 localities scattered through the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Colombia The species is known from two regions on the west slope of the Central Andes (all coordinates, unless otherwise stated, are from Paynter and Traylor 1981), as follows: the Nevado del Ruiz–Nevado del Tolima region on the borders of Tolima, Risaralda, Quindío and Caldas departments (in and around Los Nevados National Park), localities being Hacienda Jaramillo, over 3,000 m, at 4°47’N 75°26’W, September 1918 (Carriker 1955a; nine specimens in CM, all labelled “Santa Ignacia”); above Santa Rosa de Cabal, recently (Hilty and Brown 1986); Laguneta, 3,050 m, at 4°35’N 75°30’W, April 1942 (specimen in ANSP); Alto Quindío Acaime Natural Reserve, 4°37’N 75°28’W, and the nearby Cañon del Quindío Natural Reserve, on the west slope of the Central Andes in Quindío, ranging into adjacent forest on the east slope in Tolima, and present throughout the year (E. Murgueitio R. in litt. 1987; also Renjifo 1991, L. M. Renjifo in litt. 1992, whence coordinates; see Ecology); Rincón Santo, Salento, 2,800 m, December 1989 (J. -
Muon Tomography Sites for Colombian Volcanoes
Muon Tomography sites for Colombian volcanoes A. Vesga-Ramírez Centro Internacional para Estudios de la Tierra, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Buenos Aires-Argentina. D. Sierra-Porta1 Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Centro de Modelado Científico, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo-Venezuela, J. Peña-Rodríguez, J.D. Sanabria-Gómez, M. Valencia-Otero Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia. C. Sarmiento-Cano Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. , M. Suárez-Durán Departamento de Física y Geología, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona-Colombia H. Asorey Laboratorio Detección de Partículas y Radiación, Instituto Balseiro Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Bariloche-Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, 8400, Bariloche-Argentina and Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. L. A. Núñez Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Departamento de Física, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-Venezuela. December 30, 2019 arXiv:1705.09884v2 [physics.geo-ph] 27 Dec 2019 1Corresponding author Abstract By using a very detailed simulation scheme, we have calculated the cosmic ray background flux at 13 active Colombian volcanoes and developed a methodology to identify the most convenient places for a muon telescope to study their inner structure. Our simulation scheme considers three critical factors with different spatial and time scales: the geo- magnetic effects, the development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere, and the detector response at ground level. The muon energy dissipation along the path crossing the geological structure is mod- eled considering the losses due to ionization, and also contributions from radiative Bremßtrahlung, nuclear interactions, and pair production. -
Review and Reassessment of Hazards Owing to Volcano–Glacier Interactions in Colombia
128 Annals of Glaciology 45 2007 Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia Christian HUGGEL,1 Jorge Luis CEBALLOS,2 Bernardo PULGARI´N,3 Jair RAMI´REZ,3 Jean-Claude THOURET4 1Glaciology and Geomorphodynamics Group, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] 2Instituto de Meteorologı´a, Hidrologı´a y Estudios Ambientales, Bogota´, Colombia 3Instituto Colombiano de Geologı´a y Minerı´a, Bogota´, Colombia 4Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans UMR 6524 CNRS, Universite´ Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France ABSTRACT. The Cordillera Central in Colombia hosts four important glacier-clad volcanoes, namely Nevado del Ruiz, Nevado de Santa Isabel, Nevado del Tolima and Nevado del Huila. Public and scientific attention has been focused on volcano–glacier hazards in Colombia and worldwide by the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz/Armero catastrophe, the world’s largest volcano–glacier disaster. Important volcanological and glaciological studies were undertaken after 1985. However, recent decades have brought strong changes in ice mass extent, volume and structure as a result of atmospheric warming. Population has grown and with it the sizes of numerous communities located around the volcanoes. This study reviews and reassesses the current conditions of and changes in the glaciers, the interaction processes between ice and volcanic activity and the resulting hazards. Results show a considerable hazard potential from Nevados del Ruiz, Tolima and Huila. Explosive activity within environments of snow and ice as well as non-eruption-related mass movements induced by unstable slopes, or steep and fractured glaciers, can produce avalanches that are likely to be transformed into highly mobile debris flows. -
349660405003.Pdf
Boletin de Geología ISSN: 0120-0283 Universidad Industrial de Santander Piedrahita, Daniel Alberto; Aguilar-Casallas, Camila; Arango- Palacio, Eliana; Murcia, Hugo; Gómez-Arango, Johana Estratigrafía del cráter y morfología del volcán Cerro Machín, Colombia Boletin de Geología, vol. 40, núm. 3, 2018, Septiembre-Diciembre, pp. 29-48 Universidad Industrial de Santander DOI: 10.18273/revbol.v40n3-2018002 Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=349660405003 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto vol. 40, n.° 3, septiembre-diciembre de 2018 ISSN impreso: 0120-0283 ISSN en línea: 2145-8553 Estratigrafía del cráter y morfología del volcán Cerro Machín, Colombia Daniel Alberto Piedrahita1,2*; Camila Aguilar-Casallas3; Eliana Arango-Palacio4; Hugo Murcia2,5; Johana Gómez-Arango6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v40n3-2018002 Forma de citar: Piedrahita, D.A., Aguilar-Casallas, C., Arango-Palacio, E., Murcia, H., y Gómez-Arango, J. (2018). Estratigrafía del cráter y morfología del volcán Cerro Machín, Colombia. Boletín de Geología, 40(3), 29-48. DOI: 10.18273/revbol.v40n3-2018002. RESUMEN El Volcán Cerro Machín (VCM) se localiza en el flanco oriental de la Cordillera Central de Colombia a 17 km al occidente de la ciudad de Ibagué (Tolima). El VCM es un volcán Holocénico de composición dacítica, con evidencia de grandes erupciones (VEI 5). Estratigráficamente, en las paredes internas del cráter es posible observar una secuencia de depósitos de Corrientes de Densidad Piroclástica (CDPs) diluida con características de depósitos de oleadas basales. -
The Central Cordillera of Colombia Evelio Echevarria 49
DE TAL EMERGENCIES I THE MO NTAINS Scarr, J. 1966. FOllr lIIiles bigb. Gollancz. Sreele, P. R. 1971. Tbe Lancet, 11, 33. Sreele, P. R. 1972. Doctor 011 Hverest. Ifodder and Sroughron. Wall, D. 1965. Hondoy. Murray. The Central Cordillera of Colombia Evelio Echevarria Perhaps the only counterpart that could be found in our world for the ndes of Central Colombia is the high volcanoes of Africa. Judging from pictures, Kilimanjaro has a number of duplications in Colombian peaks like Ruiz and Tolima, and the Virunga, in the Purace group. The wildlife habitat of Mount Elgon is imitated by some Colombian volcanoes around Tuqucrres. The strik ing plants of E Africa, like groundsels and lobelias, have also close equivalents in these parts of the Andes. And to round out the similarities, it is not unusual in the Colombian highlands to meet at times a hillman with undoubted e groid features - the legacy of the slave trade, handed down from colonial times. The Central Cordillera of Colombia is born in the heart of the country and heads along the continental divide of S merica in a SSW direction, until reach ing the international border with Ecuador. It is not a continuous range but rather it is composed of several isolated high massifs, separated by wide para mos, or rolling moorland, rising above deep tropical valleys that drain E and W. In spite of much recent aerophotogrammerry undertaken in the last few years by the Colombian air force, the range still lacks an accurate survey. De tail on existing maps is good for the inhabited country, but poor for the high er areas. -
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medición, presentan una tendencia ascendente y son del orden de 10 Y 16 microradianes, valores que son bajos y pueden estar influenciados por factores como la sensibilidad de los equipos y las condiciones atmosféricas que siempre están acompañadas de vientos fuertes. En 1999, se instaló en el flanco N del volcán Puracé, un inclinómetro electrónico 'Guañiarita", a una distancia horizontal de 1.5 km del cráter a:tivo. La estación GUQ/liarita ha tenido 2 periodos de funcionamiento, el primero entre febrero de 1999 y enero de 2000, y el segundo entre junio de 2000 y enero de 2002. En el primer periodo se observó un comportamiento muy estable en las componentes radial y tangencial con diferencias de 8 microradianes, cambios que se relacionaron con el proceso de estabilización del equipo. En el segundo periodo se registró un comportamiento variable, algunos incrementos en los niveles de defonnación coincidieron con variaciones en temperatura, sin embargo a partir de febrero de 2001, la tendencia de la componente tangencial fue ascendente y la radial, descendente, acumulando deformaciones del orden de 16 microradianes (Figura 7). Las variaciones de deformación reportadas por las estaciones de defonnación en el volcán Puracé, permiten establecer niveles de deformación inferiores a 20 microradianes, que al ser comparados con las deformaciones presentadas por volcanes activos como el Nevado del Ruiz y Galeras se consideran como bajas. 3136 23.96 H5.94 Componente Radi.1 - e 7.92 ----------------..... .0.03 ii """""'_,_'''''' ~-'-'' ''~., i .611 Componente hngef'l(:i81 - . .16,13 rl'('~'" r -- t<'''A ~ 1 'i\ I ,r-¡'J",_''''''''''''A'''.'''>''- '-'' " ~ .241~ ~, ~.,--. -
The Volcano Disaster Assistance Program—Helping to Save Lives Worldwide for More Than 30 Years
The Volcano Disaster Assistance Program—Helping to Save Lives Worldwide for More Than 30 Years What do you do when a sleeping volcano roars back to have allowed warnings to be received, understood, and acted life? For more than three decades, countries around the world upon prior to the disaster. have called upon the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Volcano VDAP strives to ensure that such a tragedy will never hap- Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP) to contribute expertise and pen again. The program’s mission is to assist foreign partners, equipment in times of crisis. Co-funded by the USGS and the at their request, in volcano monitoring and empower them to U.S. Agency for International Development’s Office of U.S. For- take the lead in mitigating hazards at their country’s threaten- eign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA), VDAP has evolved ing volcanoes. Since 1986, team members have responded to and grown over the years, adding newly developed monitoring over 70 major volcanic crises at more than 50 volcanoes and technologies, training and exchange programs, and eruption have strengthened response capacity in 12 countries. The VDAP forecasting methodologies to greatly expand global capabilities team consists of approximately 20 geologists, geophysicists, and that mitigate the impacts of volcanic hazards. These advances, in engineers, who are based out of the USGS Cascades Volcano turn, strengthen the ability of the United States to respond to its Observatory in Vancouver, Washington. In 2016, VDAP was a own volcanic events. finalist for the Samuel J. Heyman Service to America Medal for VDAP was formed in 1986 in response to the devastating its work in improving volcano readiness and warning systems volcanic mudflow triggered by an eruption of Nevado del Ruiz worldwide, helping countries to forecast eruptions, save lives, volcano in Colombia. -
Recent Environment Surrounding Basic Researches Including
IAVCEI News 2018 No: 3 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF VOLCANOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH'S INTERIOR FROM THE PRESIDENT The next call for nominations for IAVCEI Awards is also just around the corner. Making a nomination of a deserving Dear Colleagues, colleague for this highly prestigious recognition can be something of truly lasting impact on the individual as well as their field. Please get your nomination thinking hats on What a meeting it was... The and be ready for the upcoming announcement. COV10 meeting at Naples was a stunning success, with record attendance and a superb swath of D. B. Dingwell, contributions ranging from Munich, 4 October 2018 mechanistic physico-chemical studies to social media impact studies. The participants were a 27TH IUGG GENERAL ASSEMBLY striking blend of young and old, MONTREAL, CANADA male and female, physical and 8 – 18 July 2019 Don Dingwell social scientist, and we saw President of the unprecedented levels of diversity. Welcome IAVCEI Thank you from of all of us to the relevant committees and to all Beyond 100: The next century in Earth and Space Science who organized sessions and other activities. We who were The 27th IUGG General Assembly will be held July 8-18, fortunate enough to be able to attend were treated to what 2019 at the Palais des Congrès in Montréal, Québec, Canada. must surely have been a glimpse into many areas of the This is a special opportunity for participants from Canada future of volcanic studies. Nevertheless, as I emphasized in and from around the world to come together and share their my introductory comments, volcanology can be far more. -
Plan De Manejo PNN Nevado Del Huila
PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA PLAN DE MANEJO PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA PLAN BASICO DE MANEJO 2007 -2011 PROGRAMA PARQUE NACIONAL NEVADO DEL HUILA MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE, VIVIENDA Y DESARROLLO TERRITORIAL UNIDAD ADMINISTRATIVA ESPECIAL DEL SISTEMA DE PARQUES NACIONALES NATURALES DIRECCIÓN TERRITORIAL SUR ANDINA POPAYÁN 2007 2 PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA ALVARO URIBE VELEZ Presidente de la República SANDRA SUAREZ Ministra de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial JULIA MIRANDA Directora General UAESPNN COMITÉ DE DIRECCIÓN Unidad Administrativa Especial del Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales Elssye Morales de Alcalá Martha Valderrama Carlos Arroyo Marcela Cañon Carlos Mario Tamayo Adriana Lopez Cesar Rey Juan Manuel Savogal Nuria Villadiego Luis Alberto Ortíz Yaneth Noguera Directora Territorial Sur Andina 3 PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA AUTORES Gloria Bibiana Ropain Alvarado Contratista Profesional Plan de Manejo Efraím Rodríguez Jefe de Programa a partir de julio 2005 Doris Lucia Ruales Piñeres Jefe de Programa codigo 2084 grado 21 Jeferson Rojas Profesional de Programa 3020 grado 09 ASESORIA Y APOYO Antonio Andrade Zambrano Técnico Administrativos código 4065 grado 11 Guillermo Medina Técnico Administrativos código 4065 grado 11 Diomar Castro Operario Calificado código 5300 grado 11 Jose Jair Cuspian Operario Calificado código 5300 grado 11 Regulo Paya Operario Calificado código 5300 grado 09 Aida Giraldo Asesor Plan de Manejo Patricia Tellez Guio. Contratista Profesional SIG Marcela Porras Rey Contratista Biología de la conservación Patricia Andrade Contratista Profesional Cuencas Hidrográficas Patricia Escobar Contratista Profesional Educación Ambiental Arelis Arciniegas Contratista Facilitador SSC Vicente Ordoñez Contratista Profesional SSC Milton Alvarez Contratista Comunicador ambiental Jorge A. -
Informe Actividad Volcánica Abril 2016
INFORME TÉCNICO DE ACTIVIDAD DE LOS VOLCANES NEVADO DEL HUILA, PURACÉ Y SOTARÁ DURANTE EL PERÍODO DE ABRIL DE 2016 Popayán, mayo de 2016 TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1 VOLCÁN NEVADO DEL HUILA .......................... 3 1.1 RED DE VIGILANCIA . 3 1.1.1 Generalidades . 4 1.1.1.1 Red de Estaciones Sísmicas. 4 1.1.1.2 Red de Estaciones de Monitoreo de Flujos de Lodo. 5 1.1.1.3 Cámaras Web. 5 1.1.1.4 Deformación Volcánica. 5 1.1.1.5 Electromagnetismo. 5 1.1.1.6 Sensor Acústico. 5 1.1.2 Funcionamiento de Estaciones . 6 1.2 SISMOLOGÍA . 6 1.2.1 Actividad Sísmica . 6 1.2.2 Energía Sísmica Liberada . 8 1.2.3 Localización de Eventos Sísmicos . 9 1.2.3.1 Localización de eventos asociados a procesos de fractura. 9 1.3 DEFORMACIÓN . 10 1.3.1 Inclinometría Electrónica . 10 1.3.2 Procesamiento diferencial GNSS . 10 1.3.3 Procesamiento de líneas base GNSS . 12 1.4 ACTIVIDAD SUPERFICIAL . 13 1.4.1 Registro de la Actividad Superficial . 13 1.5 CAMPOS ELECTROMAGNÉTICOS . 19 1.6 GEOQUÍMICA . 20 1.6.1 Medidas móviles del flujo de dióxido de azufre (SO2).................. 20 1.7 CONCLUSIÓN. 23 2 VOLCÁN PURACÉ .................................. 24 2.1 RED DE VIGILANCIA . 25 2.1.1 Generalidades . 27 2.1.1.1 Red de Estaciones Sísmicas. 27 2.1.1.2 Red de Deformación. 27 2.1.1.3 Cámaras web. 28 2.1.1.4 Electromagnetismo. 28 2.1.1.5 Geoquímica. 28 2.1.1.6 Meteorología. -
Challenges of Modeling Current Very Large Lahars at Nevado Del Huila Volcano, Colombia
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Bull Volcanol (2012) 74:309–324 DOI 10.1007/s00445-011-0522-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Challenges of modeling current very large lahars at Nevado del Huila Volcano, Colombia Raphael Worni & Christian Huggel & M. Stoffel & B. Pulgarín Received: 12 April 2010 /Accepted: 21 June 2011 /Published online: 9 August 2011 # Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract Nevado del Huila, a glacier-covered volcano in modeling. Measured hydrographs, geophone seismic sensor the South of Colombia’s Cordillera Central, had not data and calculated peak discharges served as input data for experienced any historical eruptions before 2007. In 2007 the reconstruction of flow hydrographs and for calibration and 2008, the volcano erupted with phreatic and phreato- of the models. For model validation, results were compared magmatic events which produced lahars with flow volumes with field data collected along the Páez and Simbola of up to about 300 million m3 causing severe damage to Rivers. Based on the results of the 2007 lahar simulation, infrastructure and loss of lives. The magnitude of these we modeled lahar scenarios with volumes between 300 lahars and the prevailing potential for similar or even larger million and 1 billion m3. The approach presented here events, poses significant hazards to local people and makes represents a feasible solution for modeling high-magnitude appropriate modeling a real challenge. In this study, we flows like lahars and allows an assessment of potential analyze the recent lahars to better understand the main future events and related consequences for population processes and then model possible scenarios for future centers downstream of Nevado del Huila. -
Colombia, Country Update
COLOMBIA, COUNTRY UPDATE Claudia Alfaro1, Nelson Bernal 2,Gilma Ramírez3, Ricardo Escovar4 1,2,3,4 INGEOMINAS, (The Colombian Geological Survey). Dg. 53 No. 34-53. Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia Key words: Colombian geothermal resources, Colombian active volcanoes. Surface manifestations (hot springs, geothermal exploration, geothermal map of Colombia, hydrothermal eruption craters, steam vents, etc.) Azufral volcano geothermal system, Geothermal well suggest that there is a high probably of the occurrence Nereidas 1, Colombian hot springs. of hydrothermal systems related to these potential heat sources. Until now, geothermal resources have been applied in Colombia only for direct use of hot spring ABSTRACT water for swimming and bathing in about 38 spas from 27 localities. A raw estimate of the capacity and energy After more than 30 years of trying to develop the geothermal use is presented in Table 1. potential of Colombia, a major effort is now being made to explore and assess the geothermal resources of the entire [Table 1] country. Since the second quarter of the Nineteen Century, hot Until now, the availability of conventional energy sources in springs occurring in Colombia have attracted the Colombia prevented geothermal exploration from reaching a interest of scientists. In 1829, Boussingault (in Forero, higher level. However, the extreme energy crisis of 1992 – 1993 alerted the authorities and the community to the 1958), described the hot springs from Paipa necessity for exploring alternative energy sources. (Cundinamarca Province) at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. A century later, Navia and Barriga (1929) In 1997, GESA (i.e. Geoenergía Andina S.A.) drilled studied the chemistry of those hot spring waters (23- Colombia’s first geothermal well at the Las Nereidas 74°C).