Recent Environment Surrounding Basic Researches Including
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Threatened Birds of the Americas
GOLDEN-PLUMED PARAKEET Leptosittaca branickii V/R10 This poorly known parrot is found very locally in temperate Andean forests in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, in the first two of which it has suffered from much habitat loss; its nomadism, which may be related to a heavy dependence on Podocarpus cones, renders it highly problematic to conserve. DISTRIBUTION The Golden-plumed Parakeet is known from at least 70 specimens, and has been recorded from at least 30 localities scattered through the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Colombia The species is known from two regions on the west slope of the Central Andes (all coordinates, unless otherwise stated, are from Paynter and Traylor 1981), as follows: the Nevado del Ruiz–Nevado del Tolima region on the borders of Tolima, Risaralda, Quindío and Caldas departments (in and around Los Nevados National Park), localities being Hacienda Jaramillo, over 3,000 m, at 4°47’N 75°26’W, September 1918 (Carriker 1955a; nine specimens in CM, all labelled “Santa Ignacia”); above Santa Rosa de Cabal, recently (Hilty and Brown 1986); Laguneta, 3,050 m, at 4°35’N 75°30’W, April 1942 (specimen in ANSP); Alto Quindío Acaime Natural Reserve, 4°37’N 75°28’W, and the nearby Cañon del Quindío Natural Reserve, on the west slope of the Central Andes in Quindío, ranging into adjacent forest on the east slope in Tolima, and present throughout the year (E. Murgueitio R. in litt. 1987; also Renjifo 1991, L. M. Renjifo in litt. 1992, whence coordinates; see Ecology); Rincón Santo, Salento, 2,800 m, December 1989 (J. -
Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado by Peter W
Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado By Peter W. Lipman Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series I–2799 dacite Ceobolla Creek Tuff Nelson Mountain Tuff, rhyolite Rat Creek Tuff, dacite Cebolla Creek Tuff Rat Creek Tuff, rhyolite Wheeler Geologic Monument (Half Moon Pass quadrangle) provides exceptional exposures of three outflow tuff sheets erupted from the San Luis caldera complex. Lowest sheet is Rat Creek Tuff, which is nonwelded throughout but grades upward from light-tan rhyolite (~74% SiO2) into pale brown dacite (~66% SiO2) that contains sparse dark-brown andesitic scoria. Distinctive hornblende-rich middle Cebolla Creek Tuff contains basal surge beds, overlain by vitrophyre of uniform mafic dacite that becomes less welded upward. Uppermost Nelson Mountain Tuff consists of nonwelded to weakly welded, crystal-poor rhyolite, which grades upward to a densely welded caprock of crystal-rich dacite (~68% SiO2). White arrows show contacts between outflow units. 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Geologic setting . 1 Volcanism . 1 Structure . 2 Methods of study . 3 Description of map units . 4 Surficial deposits . 4 Glacial deposits . 4 Postcaldera volcanic rocks . 4 Hinsdale Formation . 4 Los Pinos Formation . 5 Oligocene volcanic rocks . 5 Rocks of the Creede Caldera cycle . 5 Creede Formation . 5 Fisher Dacite . 5 Snowshoe Mountain Tuff . 6 Rocks of the San Luis caldera complex . 7 Rocks of the Nelson Mountain caldera cycle . 7 Rocks of the Cebolla Creek caldera cycle . 9 Rocks of the Rat Creek caldera cycle . 10 Lava flows premonitory(?) to San Luis caldera complex . .11 Rocks of the South River caldera cycle . -
Muon Tomography Sites for Colombian Volcanoes
Muon Tomography sites for Colombian volcanoes A. Vesga-Ramírez Centro Internacional para Estudios de la Tierra, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Buenos Aires-Argentina. D. Sierra-Porta1 Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Centro de Modelado Científico, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo-Venezuela, J. Peña-Rodríguez, J.D. Sanabria-Gómez, M. Valencia-Otero Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia. C. Sarmiento-Cano Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. , M. Suárez-Durán Departamento de Física y Geología, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona-Colombia H. Asorey Laboratorio Detección de Partículas y Radiación, Instituto Balseiro Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Bariloche-Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, 8400, Bariloche-Argentina and Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. L. A. Núñez Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Departamento de Física, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-Venezuela. December 30, 2019 arXiv:1705.09884v2 [physics.geo-ph] 27 Dec 2019 1Corresponding author Abstract By using a very detailed simulation scheme, we have calculated the cosmic ray background flux at 13 active Colombian volcanoes and developed a methodology to identify the most convenient places for a muon telescope to study their inner structure. Our simulation scheme considers three critical factors with different spatial and time scales: the geo- magnetic effects, the development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere, and the detector response at ground level. The muon energy dissipation along the path crossing the geological structure is mod- eled considering the losses due to ionization, and also contributions from radiative Bremßtrahlung, nuclear interactions, and pair production. -
Review and Reassessment of Hazards Owing to Volcano–Glacier Interactions in Colombia
128 Annals of Glaciology 45 2007 Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia Christian HUGGEL,1 Jorge Luis CEBALLOS,2 Bernardo PULGARI´N,3 Jair RAMI´REZ,3 Jean-Claude THOURET4 1Glaciology and Geomorphodynamics Group, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] 2Instituto de Meteorologı´a, Hidrologı´a y Estudios Ambientales, Bogota´, Colombia 3Instituto Colombiano de Geologı´a y Minerı´a, Bogota´, Colombia 4Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans UMR 6524 CNRS, Universite´ Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France ABSTRACT. The Cordillera Central in Colombia hosts four important glacier-clad volcanoes, namely Nevado del Ruiz, Nevado de Santa Isabel, Nevado del Tolima and Nevado del Huila. Public and scientific attention has been focused on volcano–glacier hazards in Colombia and worldwide by the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz/Armero catastrophe, the world’s largest volcano–glacier disaster. Important volcanological and glaciological studies were undertaken after 1985. However, recent decades have brought strong changes in ice mass extent, volume and structure as a result of atmospheric warming. Population has grown and with it the sizes of numerous communities located around the volcanoes. This study reviews and reassesses the current conditions of and changes in the glaciers, the interaction processes between ice and volcanic activity and the resulting hazards. Results show a considerable hazard potential from Nevados del Ruiz, Tolima and Huila. Explosive activity within environments of snow and ice as well as non-eruption-related mass movements induced by unstable slopes, or steep and fractured glaciers, can produce avalanches that are likely to be transformed into highly mobile debris flows. -
349660405003.Pdf
Boletin de Geología ISSN: 0120-0283 Universidad Industrial de Santander Piedrahita, Daniel Alberto; Aguilar-Casallas, Camila; Arango- Palacio, Eliana; Murcia, Hugo; Gómez-Arango, Johana Estratigrafía del cráter y morfología del volcán Cerro Machín, Colombia Boletin de Geología, vol. 40, núm. 3, 2018, Septiembre-Diciembre, pp. 29-48 Universidad Industrial de Santander DOI: 10.18273/revbol.v40n3-2018002 Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=349660405003 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto vol. 40, n.° 3, septiembre-diciembre de 2018 ISSN impreso: 0120-0283 ISSN en línea: 2145-8553 Estratigrafía del cráter y morfología del volcán Cerro Machín, Colombia Daniel Alberto Piedrahita1,2*; Camila Aguilar-Casallas3; Eliana Arango-Palacio4; Hugo Murcia2,5; Johana Gómez-Arango6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v40n3-2018002 Forma de citar: Piedrahita, D.A., Aguilar-Casallas, C., Arango-Palacio, E., Murcia, H., y Gómez-Arango, J. (2018). Estratigrafía del cráter y morfología del volcán Cerro Machín, Colombia. Boletín de Geología, 40(3), 29-48. DOI: 10.18273/revbol.v40n3-2018002. RESUMEN El Volcán Cerro Machín (VCM) se localiza en el flanco oriental de la Cordillera Central de Colombia a 17 km al occidente de la ciudad de Ibagué (Tolima). El VCM es un volcán Holocénico de composición dacítica, con evidencia de grandes erupciones (VEI 5). Estratigráficamente, en las paredes internas del cráter es posible observar una secuencia de depósitos de Corrientes de Densidad Piroclástica (CDPs) diluida con características de depósitos de oleadas basales. -
A Review of Tertiary Climate Changes in Southern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. Part 1: Oceanic Conditions
Sedimentary Geology 247–248 (2012) 1–20 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Sedimentary Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sedgeo Review A review of Tertiary climate changes in southern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. Part 1: Oceanic conditions J.P. Le Roux Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile/Centro de Excelencia en Geotérmia de los Andes, Casilla 13518, Correo 21, Santiago, Chile article info abstract Article history: Oceanic conditions around southern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula have a major influence on cli- Received 11 July 2011 mate patterns in these subcontinents. During the Tertiary, changes in ocean water temperatures and currents Received in revised form 23 December 2011 also strongly affected the continental climates and seem to have been controlled in turn by global tectonic Accepted 24 December 2011 events and sea-level changes. During periods of accelerated sea-floor spreading, an increase in the mid- Available online 3 January 2012 ocean ridge volumes and the outpouring of basaltic lavas caused a rise in sea-level and mean ocean temper- ature, accompanied by the large-scale release of CO . The precursor of the South Equatorial Current would Keywords: 2 fi Climate change have crossed the East Paci c Rise twice before reaching the coast of southern South America, thus heating Tertiary up considerably during periods of ridge activity. The absence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current before South America the opening of the Drake Passage suggests that the current flowing north along the present western seaboard Antarctic Peninsula of southern South American could have been temperate even during periods of ridge inactivity, which might Continental drift explain the generally warm temperatures recorded in the Southeast Pacific from the early Oligocene to mid- Ocean circulation dle Miocene. -
Slow Rates of Subduction Erosion and Coastal Underplating Along the Andean Margin of Chile and Peru: COMMENT and REPLY
Slow rates of subduction erosion and coastal underplating along the Andean margin of Chile and Peru: COMMENT and REPLY COMMENT: doi: 10.1130/G24305C.1 to Miocene shallow marine and continental strata exposed along the coast of central Chile (33°–35°S). However, if presently exposed Neogene Alfonso Encinas strata in the Caldera basin and central Chile were deposited at depths of Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Concepción, ~2000 m, then the paleocoast must have been located tens of kilometers Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile to the east. In fact, the easternmost occurrence of shallow marine Pliocene Kenneth L. Finger successions in central Chile is ~40 km from the present coast (Encinas University of California Museum of Paleontology, 1101 Valley Life et al., 2006). Furthermore, marine sequences in central Chile are punc- Sciences Building, Berkeley, California 94720-4780, USA tuated by major unconformities between the Upper Cretaceous, Eocene, and Neogene (Gana et al., 1996). These have been recognized in wells In their article, Clift and Hartley (2007) propose the existence of two drilled on the continental shelf of south-central Chile (~36°–40°S), some alternating modes of subduction erosion for north-central Chile and Peru: located 40 km east of the present coast (Mordojovich, 1981). Whereas the one fast, with steady-state retreat from 150 to 20 Ma, and the other slow, unconformities represent regressive intervals of uplift, nondeposition, and with erosion constrained only in the trench domain from 20 Ma onward. erosion, the position of the paleocoastline must have oscillated widely. The proposed model is intriguing, as it reveals that subduction ero- In conclusion, we share Clift and Hartley’s point of view that there sion is not always by steady-state evolution with mass removal along the are alternating periods of fast and slow tectonic erosion, but we do not entire subduction channel and whole-scale landward retreat. -
Glaciares Colombianos 1
INFORME DEL ESTADO DE LOS 1 GLACIARES COLOMBIANOS 2019 INFORME DEL ESTADO DE LOS 2 GLACIARES COLOMBIANOS 2019 Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible RICARDO JOSÉ LOZANO PICÓN Ministro Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales YOLANDA GONZÁLEZ HERNÁNDEZ Directora General GILBERTO GALVIS BAUTISTA Secretario General NELSON OMAR VARGAS MARTÍNEZ Subdirector de Hidrología DIANA MARCELA VARGAS GALVIS Subdirectora de Estudios Ambientales ANA CELIA SALINAS MARTÍN Subdirectora de Ecosistemas e Información Ambiental ELIÉCER DAVID DÍAZ ALMANZA Subdirector de Meteorología DANIEL USECHE SAMUDIO Jefe de la Oficina de Servicios del servicio de Pronósticos y Alertas JUAN FERNANDO CASAS VARGAS Coordinador del Grupo de Comunicaciones y Prensa © Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales Informe del estado de los glaciares colombianos 2019 JORGE LUIS CEBALLOS LIÉVANO JOSÉ ALEJANDRO OSPINA NIÑO FRANCISCO ROJAS HEREDIA Grupo de Suelos y Tierras Ideam Preparación editorial Grupo de Comunicaciones y Prensa Ideam Fotografía de carátula Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC), 2017 Fotografía de contracarátula Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC), 2017 Edición digital Bogotá, 2020 INFORME DEL ESTADO DE LOS 3 GLACIARES COLOMBIANOS 2019 Estación meteorológica móvil de altitud, glaciar Santa Isabel. Fotografía: J. L. Ceballos Contenido Presentación 5 Resultados del monitoreo glaciar 6 Área glaciar para el año 2019 7 Volcán Nevado Santa Isabel sigue en crisis 9 Volcán Nevado del Tolima -
Andean Flat-Slab Subduction Through Time
Andean flat-slab subduction through time VICTOR A. RAMOS & ANDRE´ S FOLGUERA* Laboratorio de Tecto´nica Andina, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The analysis of magmatic distribution, basin formation, tectonic evolution and structural styles of different segments of the Andes shows that most of the Andes have experienced a stage of flat subduction. Evidence is presented here for a wide range of regions throughout the Andes, including the three present flat-slab segments (Pampean, Peruvian, Bucaramanga), three incipient flat-slab segments (‘Carnegie’, Guan˜acos, ‘Tehuantepec’), three older and no longer active Cenozoic flat-slab segments (Altiplano, Puna, Payenia), and an inferred Palaeozoic flat- slab segment (Early Permian ‘San Rafael’). Based on the present characteristics of the Pampean flat slab, combined with the Peruvian and Bucaramanga segments, a pattern of geological processes can be attributed to slab shallowing and steepening. This pattern permits recognition of other older Cenozoic subhorizontal subduction zones throughout the Andes. Based on crustal thickness, two different settings of slab steepening are proposed. Slab steepening under thick crust leads to dela- mination, basaltic underplating, lower crustal melting, extension and widespread rhyolitic volcan- ism, as seen in the caldera formation and huge ignimbritic fields of the Altiplano and Puna segments. On the other hand, when steepening affects thin crust, extension and extensive within-plate basaltic flows reach the surface, forming large volcanic provinces, such as Payenia in the southern Andes. This last case has very limited crustal melt along the axial part of the Andean roots, which shows incipient delamination. -
Plan De Manejo PNN Nevado Del Huila
PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA PLAN DE MANEJO PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA PLAN BASICO DE MANEJO 2007 -2011 PROGRAMA PARQUE NACIONAL NEVADO DEL HUILA MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE, VIVIENDA Y DESARROLLO TERRITORIAL UNIDAD ADMINISTRATIVA ESPECIAL DEL SISTEMA DE PARQUES NACIONALES NATURALES DIRECCIÓN TERRITORIAL SUR ANDINA POPAYÁN 2007 2 PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA ALVARO URIBE VELEZ Presidente de la República SANDRA SUAREZ Ministra de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial JULIA MIRANDA Directora General UAESPNN COMITÉ DE DIRECCIÓN Unidad Administrativa Especial del Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales Elssye Morales de Alcalá Martha Valderrama Carlos Arroyo Marcela Cañon Carlos Mario Tamayo Adriana Lopez Cesar Rey Juan Manuel Savogal Nuria Villadiego Luis Alberto Ortíz Yaneth Noguera Directora Territorial Sur Andina 3 PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL NEVADO DEL HUILA AUTORES Gloria Bibiana Ropain Alvarado Contratista Profesional Plan de Manejo Efraím Rodríguez Jefe de Programa a partir de julio 2005 Doris Lucia Ruales Piñeres Jefe de Programa codigo 2084 grado 21 Jeferson Rojas Profesional de Programa 3020 grado 09 ASESORIA Y APOYO Antonio Andrade Zambrano Técnico Administrativos código 4065 grado 11 Guillermo Medina Técnico Administrativos código 4065 grado 11 Diomar Castro Operario Calificado código 5300 grado 11 Jose Jair Cuspian Operario Calificado código 5300 grado 11 Regulo Paya Operario Calificado código 5300 grado 09 Aida Giraldo Asesor Plan de Manejo Patricia Tellez Guio. Contratista Profesional SIG Marcela Porras Rey Contratista Biología de la conservación Patricia Andrade Contratista Profesional Cuencas Hidrográficas Patricia Escobar Contratista Profesional Educación Ambiental Arelis Arciniegas Contratista Facilitador SSC Vicente Ordoñez Contratista Profesional SSC Milton Alvarez Contratista Comunicador ambiental Jorge A. -
Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Liassic to Paleocene Arc Activity In
Spatial and temporal evolution of Liassic to Paleocene arc activity in southern Peru unraveled by zircon U-Pb and Hf in-situ data on plutonic rocks Sophie Demouy, Jean-Louis Paquette, Michel de Saint Blanquat, Mathieu Benoit, E. A. Belousova, Suzanne Y. O’Reilly, Fredy García, Luis C. Tejada, Ricardo Gallegos, Thierry Sempere To cite this version: Sophie Demouy, Jean-Louis Paquette, Michel de Saint Blanquat, Mathieu Benoit, E. A. Belousova, et al.. Spatial and temporal evolution of Liassic to Paleocene arc activity in southern Peru unrav- eled by zircon U-Pb and Hf in-situ data on plutonic rocks. Lithos, Elsevier, 2012, 155, pp.183-200. 10.1016/j.lithos.2012.09.001. hal-00756611 HAL Id: hal-00756611 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00756611 Submitted on 2 Dec 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Spatial and temporal evolution of Liassic to Paleocene arc activity in southern Peru unraveled by zircon U–Pb and Hf in-situ data on plutonic rocks Sophie Demouy a,⁎, Jean-Louis Paquette b, Michel de Saint Blanquat a, Mathieu Benoit a, Elena A. Belousova c, Suzanne Y. -
United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey Proceedings of Workshop Xix Active Tectonic and Magmatic Processes Be
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP XIX ACTIVE TECTONIC AND MAGMATIC PROCESSES BENEATH LONG VALLEY CALDERA, EASTERN CALIFORNIA VOLUME I 24 - 27 January 1984 Sponsored by U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOLCANO HAZARDS PROGRAM Editors and Convenors David P. Hill U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California 94025 Roy A. Bailey U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California 94025 Allan S. Ryall University of Nevada Reno, Nevada 89557-0018 OPEN-FILE REPORT 84-939 Compiled by Muriel Jacobson This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA 1984 CONFERENCES TO DATE Conference I Abnormal Animal Behavior Prior to Earthquakes, I Not Open-Filed Conference II Experimental Studies of Rock Friction with Application to Earthquake Prediction Not Open-Filed Conference III Fault Mechanics and Its Relation to Earthquake Prediction Open-File No. 78-380 Conference IV Use of Volunteers in the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Open-File No. 78-336 Conference V Communicating Earthquake Hazard Reduction Information Open-File No. 78-933 Conference VI Methodology for Identifying Seismic Gaps and Soon-to-Break Gaps Open-File No. 78-943 Conference VII Stress and Strain Measurements Related to Earthquake Prediction Open-File No. 79-370 Conference VIII Analysis of Actual Fault Zones in Bedrock Open-File No. 79-1239 Conference IX Magnitude of Deviatoric Stresses in the Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle Open-File No.