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(Unb) NINA LUNA RIDD Investigando Um Perfil: Representações Da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) NINA LUNA RIDD Investigando um perfil: representações da mulher detetive na literatura policial contemporânea inglesa e norte-americana. Brasília 2014 RIDD, N. L. Investigando um perfil: representações da mulher detetive na literatura policial contemporânea inglesa e norte-americana. 2014. 131 fls. Dissertação (Programa de Pós- Graduação em Literatura - Mestrado) – Universidade de Brasília ______________________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Cintia Carla Moreira Schwantes – TEL/UnB (orientadora) ______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Drª. Paula Francineti da Silva – UDF-DF (membro externo) ______________________________________________________________________ Profª. Dr. William Alves Biserra – TEL/UnB (membro interno) ______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Drª. Maria Cristina Teixeira Stevens - TEL/UnB (suplente) Em 08/08/2014. Investigando um perfil: representações da mulher detetive na literatura policial contemporânea inglesa e norte-americana. por NINA LUNA RIDD (Aluna do Programa de Pós-graduação em Literatura) Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Literatura, elaborada sob a orientação da Profª. Drª. Cintia Carla Moreira Schwantes. UNB – Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas 2014 Agradecimentos Às mulheres em volta, amigas, familiares, colegas de trabalho, alunas, entre outras tantas por me inspirarem a procurar a nossa representação na minha arte favorita. Aos meus professores do mestrado, que me conduziram pelas mais belas veredas teóricas e literárias, me dando confiança sobre a corda bamba e me dando pistas bibliográficas para que eu chegasse onde queria. Em especial, à minha orientadora, Profª Cintia Schwantes pela confiança e pelo ótimo humor sempre. Aos meus pais, Mark e Sil, que me criaram mostrando-se exemplos para que eu pudesse sempre observar o mundo, sentir, analisar e escolher as minhas próprias verdades. Às tias, conselheiras de marca maior, que me deram apoio moral e mental durante o mestrado. Ao meu avô, que como eu, gosta de desvendar enigmas da história da humanidade. Aos Lorca, que torceram por mim e me ajudaram a organizar minhas ideias, com suas perguntas a respeito da minha pesquisa e seu respectivo andamento. Ao meu chefe, Darci Alves, que acreditou em mim e sempre apoiou e facilitou minha vida dupla de estudo e trabalho. Aos meus caros amigos, principalmente Vívian Dayrell, Naiara Windmoller, Carolina Stecher, Dimitri Diniz, Daniel Barbosa, Pedro Gasparinetti e Ricardo Coelho, que me trouxeram tantas vezes, em várias visitas, as melhores pausas para minha mente quando ela estava exausta, além de através de nossas conversas despertarem ideias para o meu trabalho. Ao meu marido, Fred, meu maior companheiro de ideais, que nos projetos da minha vida, seja em âmbito acadêmico, ou não, é sempre o mais potente combustível, e o melhor lenço para as minhas lágrimas. v Resumo O presente trabalho investiga as representações da personagem feminina detetive na literatura de massa nas obras de quatro escritores de língua inglesa da contemporaneidade. Exceto pela figura singular de Agatha Christie, a literatura policial foi até pouco tempo atrás maciçamente terreno masculino, tanto em termos de autoria, como em termos de representação. Mais recentemente, no entanto, mulheres passaram a figurar tanto como autoras das narrativas quanto como protagonistas dos enredos da ficção policial. A pesquisa busca investigar o gênero policial, que, à semelhança de muitas narrativas da literatura moderna, ativa e exige a participação do leitor no acompanhamento do desenrolar do enredo, enquanto examina a ótica da mulher em terreno literário, tradicionalmente dominado por homens. Observaram-se diferenças discursivas e ideológicas nas representações de detetives femininas entre autores e autoras contemporâneos de ficção policial na literatura do mundo anglo-saxônico que, senão o berço, tornou-se a terra por excelência da ficção policial desde Edgar Allan Poe. Palavras-chave: representação; literatura policial; estudos de gênero. vi Abstract This study investigates representations of female detective characters in mass fiction in the work of four contemporary English language authors. Despite the emblematic figure of Agatha Christie, until not long ago detective fiction was a quintessentially male preserve with regard to both authors and characters portrayed. More recently, however, women have begun to feature not only as authors of detective narratives but also as the protagonists of plots in detective fiction. The study seeks to investigate detective fiction as a literary genre which – much like other modern narrative genres – requires the reader to take an active part in accompanying the unfolding of the plot while examining the female viewpoint in a traditionally male-dominated literary field. Discursive and ideological differences have been observed in contemporary portrayals of female detectives among male and female authors of Anglo-Saxon detective fiction which, if not the birthplace, has surely become the home par excellence of detective stories since Edgar Allan Poe. Keywords: representation; detective fiction; gender studies. vii SUMÁRIO Resumo ................................................................................................................................. v Abstract ................................................................................................................................. vi Sumário ................................................................................................................................. vii Introdução ............................................................................................................................. 01 Capítulo 1. A perspectiva de representação de gênero na literatura ..................................... 03 Capítulo 2. A ficção policial ................................................................................................. 17 2.1. Um pouco de história da literatura policial ........................................................ 18 2.2. Perfil ideológico da ficção policial .................................................................... 32 2.3. Ficção policial e feminismo ............................................................................... 37 2.4. A recepção do gênero policial ............................................................................ 45 Capítulo 3. Representações de detetives mulheres no corpus selecionado .......................... 50 3.1. Critérios de seleção do corpus ........................................................................... 53 3.2. Análise do corpus – autores e obras ................................................................... 53 3.2.1. An unsuitable job for a woman de P.D. James..................................... 53 3.2.2. Postmortem de Patricia Cornwell ........................................................ 71 3.2.3. Absolution by murder de Peter Tremayne ........................................... 86 3.2.4. The cryptopgrapher de Tobias Hill ..................................................... 97 3.3. Conclusão...........................................................................................................106 Considerações finais............................................................................................................ 109 Referências bibliográficas ...................................................................................................110 Anexo I – O decálogo de Knox .......................................................................................... 114 Anexo II – As vinte regras de Van Dine ............................................................................. 115 Anexo III – Lista de autoras de ficção policial ................................................................... 118 Anexo IV – Lista de detetives mulheres ............................................................................. 121 1 Introdução A presente pesquisa tem o intuito de investigar o perfil da mulher detetive abordando perspectivas variadas sobre o papel da detetive no romance policial. A ideia de realizar a pesquisa nasceu do meu interesse, desde a infância, por literatura de mistério inglêsa e norte- americana. Esse interesse levou-me tantas vezes à Rua Morgue, em Paris, para desvendar assassinatos com Edgar Allan Poe, à Baker Street, em Londres, para acompanhar o célebre Sherlock Holmes e seu indefectível comparsa, Dr. Watson, no encalço do Professor Moriarty, passando, em seguida, pelo escritório de “exercício das células cinzentas”, na mesma Londres, com Poirot e seu assistente, Capitão Hastings, para prosseguir até o pacato vilarejo de St. Mary Mead, no interior da Inglaterra, e aprender, com Miss Marple, que nem mesmo o mais quieto dos lugares está a salvo da maldade humana, tudo isso antes da adolescência quando, finalmente, conheci na América os métodos brutais do detetive Sam Spade e o fã inveterado do cigarro Camel, Philip Marlowe. O mundo imaginário da criminalidade ficcional sempre me atraiu, e a falta de uma protagonista mulher no papel de detetive, que não fosse Miss Marple, sempre me levou a pensar no porquê dessa ausência. Isso influenciou por completo a escolha do meu objeto de pesquisa no Mestrado, como também a escolha de Rubem Fonseca
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