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The Effect of Breathing Mixtures on Physical Capacity of Rats in Hyperbaric Conditions
POLISH HYPERBARIC RESEARCH 3(60)2017 Journal of Polish Hyperbaric Medicine and Technology Society THE EFFECT OF BREATHING MIXTURES ON PHYSICAL CAPACITY OF RATS IN HYPERBARIC CONDITIONS Tadeusz Doboszyński1), Bogdan Łokucijewski1), Piotr Siermontowski1), Marek Rejman2), Romuald Olszański1) 1) Maritime & Hyperbaric Medicine Department, Gdynia, Military Institute of Medicine, in Warsaw, Poland 2) Swimming Department of the Academy of Physical Education in Wrocław, Poland ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of composition of various breathing mixes on physical capacity of rats swimming in hyperbaric conditions. The said effect was determined on the basis of results of a swim test performed in a pressure chamber. The study was performed with the use of atmospheric air, a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen (N2/02) at a ratio of 89.5/10 and 92/7.5, as well as a mixture of argon and oxygen at a ratio of 79.5/20 (Ar/02). The tests were conducted at a pressure range between 0-4 atm. The results suggest that the physical capacity of the tested animals decreased along with pressure increase regardless of the breathing mix used. Due to the fact that the burdening of rats with physical effort in hyperbaric conditions intensifies the adverse effects of components of breathing mixes on their performance, it seems appropriate to continue the study of physiological responses to breathing mixtures of various compositions in human body subjected to physical effort while under water. Keywords: mixed gas, hyperbary, effort, rats. ARTICLE INFO PolHypRes 2017 Vol. 60 Issue 3 pp. 49 - 58 ISSN: 1734-7009 eISSN: 2084-0535 Original article DOI: 10.1515/phr-2017-00014 Submission date: 13.12.2016r. -
Extreme Recreational Diving Pushing the Limits Assoc
1 | 65 National Center for Hyperbaric Medicine in Gdynia Medical University of Gdansk, Poland Extreme recreational diving Pushing the limits Assoc. Prof. Jacek Kot, MD, PhD Bühlmann Symposium Zürich Switzerland 2019 2 | 65 Disclaimer • I declare no real or potential conflict of interest. • Any views or opinions presented in this presentation are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of any organization that author belongs to, including EUBS and ECHM. • All pictures are presented here either by the courtesy of their authors or taken from public websites for non-commercial use. Assoc. Prof. Jacek Kot, MD, PhD Head of National Center for Hyperbaric Medicine of Poland President of the EUBS General Secretary of the ECHM Medical Consultant of DAN Europe Extreme recreational diving Bühlmann Symposium Jacek Kot, 2018 Zürich Switzerland 2019 3 | 65 Professor A A Bühlmann → and Hans Keller → Hans Keller planted the Swiss flag at 1000 feet off California From - TAUCH MEDIZIN Springer-Verlag 1983 ▬▬▬▬ Extreme recreational diving Bühlmann Symposium Jacek Kot, 2018 Zürich Switzerland 2019 4 | 65 Deepest underwater cave in the world Krzysztof Starnawski _ National Geographic _ 2017 Courtesy of Krzysztof Starnawski (Poland) Extreme recreational diving Bühlmann Symposium Jacek Kot, 2018 Zürich Switzerland 2019 5 | 65 Types of recreational diving Safe Increased risk High risk (“technical”) • Up to 30 m • Between 30 and 50 m • Compressed air in open • With basic breathing Over 50 m (down to 300 circuit • mixtures (nitrox and -
De L'helium a L'hydrogene, L'intervention Humaine a Grande
DE L’HELIUM A L’HYDROGENE, L’INTERVENTION HUMAINE A GRANDE PROFONDEUR (EXPERIENCE COMEX) B. Gardette, C. Gortan, H.-G. Delauze GARDETTE Bernard, Docteur es Sciences, Directeur Scientifique COMEX SA, Marseille, FRANCE GORTAN Claude, Directeur du Centre d’Essais Hyperbares COMEX, Marseille, FRANCE DELAUZE Henri Germain, Président du groupe COMEX, Marseille, FRANCE THE DEEP HUMAN UNDERWATER INTERVENTION : COMEX EXPERIENCE Since 40 years, 43 experimental dives (deeper than 200 msw) were performed with heliox (oxygen/helium), trimix (oxygen/nitrogen/helium), hydrox (oxygen/hydrogen) or hydreliox (oxygen/hydrogen/helium) breathing gas mixtures. In 1988, six Comex and French Navy divers worked at a record depth of 534 msw with hydreliox and in 1992, a world record onshore dive at 701 msw was performed by Comex in Marseilles. These dives showed the efficiency of hydrogen diving at very deep depth (150 – 650 msw). -3 - 1. L’HELIUM La plongée à l’air comprimé comporte des limites. L’essoufflement, la toxicité de l’oxygène (2) et les effets de la narcose à l’azote, imposent au plongeur de ne pas dépasser les 50/60 mètres de profondeur (1-3-4). Dans les années 1930, des expériences ont été entreprises par la Marine américaine pour alimenter le plongeur non plus en air comprimé, mais en mélange respiratoire synthétique dans lequel l'azote est remplacé par un autre gaz inerte, diluant de l'oxygène, l'hélium. Ce dernier, très inerte sur le plan biochimique, d'une densité sept fois inférieure à celle de l'azote, permet de meilleures performances en supprimant les effets de la narcose et de l'essoufflement. -
10.2 Decompression Practice 10
S25712-10.02.qxd 5/2/02 2:34 PM Page 453 10 10.2 Decompression Practice Robert W Hamilton and Ed Thalmann DECOMPRESSION CONCEPTS AND TERMS TERMS Decompression practice is simply developing and im- Although many are covered elsewhere in this book and plementing decompression procedures for operational later in this chapter, some of the more important terms diving with the goal of avoiding decompression sickness and concepts used in this chapter are referenced here (DCS). Operationally useful procedures take into as the are used in this community. All the changes in account not only the decompression procedure required pressure or depth and breathing gas as a function of time to avoid DCS but also factors such as the time required during a dive and its decompression is the dive profile. for decompression, the number of different breathing Ascent from a dive is a reduction of pressure, and the gases required, the complexity of the ascent profile, profile to be followed is contained in a decompression and other factors which may make the procedure too table or schedule. A set of decompression schedules complicated for routine use. In addition to diving some organized in some systematic way, such as by increasing other situations require decompression; several of these depth and time, is called a decompression table. Proper are covered also. decompression is carried out by ascending slowly, with the ascent pattern or constraints on ascent carried out CONCEPT OF DECOMPRESSION by following such a decompression table. This table may have been based only on past experience, or may Because some jargon is involved, it is first necessary to have been prepared mathematically by a decompression clarify the meaning of the word ‘decompression’ as computational algorithm or model. -
Hydra V Hydrogen Experimental Dive to 450 Meters by C
OTC 5261 Hydra V Hydrogen Experimental Dive to 450 Meters by C. Gortanand H.G.Delauze,Cornex Copyright 1986 Offshore Technology Conference This pager was gresented at the 18th Annual OTC in Houston, Texas, May 5-6, 1986. The material ia subject to correction by the author Permission to copy” is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. -cl! HeliumhasWowed theprofessior!aldivertoworkon the continentsllshelfarea down to depthsof 300 HYDRAV wasprforrnedin03m MarseilleF@perteric meters.In thisrange,equipmentsndmethcdssrenow ResearchCenterin May and June 1985.Duringthis relativelywellestabliskl.Rbwever,in spiteof its experiment,6 diverslivedat a simulateddepthof450 remarkablequalities,heliumalonecannotb thevector meters in a hyperbaricatmosphere “composedof of oxygeninbreathiwgmixturesbeyonda certaindepth iT@wger],heliumandoxygen(I&dreliox). Indeed,deep diversmust cope with 2 limiting ‘lYsditionaldeepdivingwithheiiumis Iimitsdby 2 factors: factors: - ‘TheH@ PressureNervousSyndrome(Hpl@,linked - HighPreesureN&vous E@drome (HENS)thatcmEe3 to theeffectsof hydrostaticpressureon the motrici~disorderskeyond~ metere. centralnervoussystem.5ese WP inthe250 - Gasdensitythatiqairspihqary ventilation. / ~ meter rangeand increasewith depth, Hj@rogensimildextendtheselimitsthsnketo its causingmotordisturbancesthatmsy wsriously narcotic@ency thaths9sn sntagonkticeffectcn the imgs.irworkefficie~. HPNSsyndromesndthanksto itslightmolecularmass. The densityof breathingmixtures,which increasesprop%ionaUy to pressure,demandsa HYDRAV, firsthydrogenexperimentalsaturation -
The GUE Fundamentals of Technical Diving
Getting Clear on the Basics: The Fundamentals of Technical Diving Jarrod Jablonski Global Underwater Explorers 2 Copyright (c) 2000, 2001 by Global Underwater Explorers ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means -electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise -without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review with appropriate credit. All inquiries should be directed to Global Underwater Explorers, 15 S. Main St., High Springs, Florida, USA 32643 ISBN no. (pending) Library of Congress: Jablonski, Jarrod Getting Clear on the Basics: The Fundamentals of Technical Diving Here’s a couple of quick tips to help you navigate your way around this electronic version of the GUE Technical Diving Manual Use the bookmarks at the left hand edge of the page to jump to specific chapters or sub sections of the manual as shown above You can search for either keywords or word strings within the manual by clicking the binocular icon Or by using CTR+F Repeated CTRL+F will find again on that word You can cycle through the standard page zooms by clicking on each of the page view icons The bookmarks are set to display the pages in a readable size for on screen viewing Where you see blue hyperlinked text as shown above you can click for immediate connection to that web page or email address For a full description of how to use the Acrobat Reader you can simply choose Help>Acrobat Guide from the File menu as shown at right 4 Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... -
2016 Will an Underwater Robot Ever Replace
POLISH HYPERBARIC RESEARCH 1(54)2016 Journal of Polish Hyperbaric Medicine and Technology Society WILL AN UNDERWATER ROBOT EVER REPLACE THE DIVER? A RATHER POOR PROGRESS OR A GREAT SUCCESS? Adam Olejnik 1), Piotr Siermontowski 2) 1) Polish Naval Academy, Department of Underwater Work Technology 2) Military Institute of Medicine, Department Maritime and Hyperbaric Medicine, Gdynia, Poland ABSTRACT The article deals with the subject matter related to the development of underwater works technologies. Nearly 15 years ago one of the authors of this study published a material in the monthly magazine of "Podwodny Świat" (The Underwater World) entitled "The Future of Underwater Technologies – the diver or the robot?" where he noted that the time of great changes in technologies aimed at researching the depths and conducting works under water has arrived. This new era mainly consists in the fact that on an increasing number of occasions the diver is replaced by an underwater robot. The presented material constitutes an attempt to provide an answer to the question whether the then posed thesis is still valid. In the article the authors discuss issues concerned with the development of techniques and technologies applied in the conquest of depths that leads them to the conclusion that the previously observed tendency of a double-tracked development of underwater technologies is gaining in strength, which causes that the works and exploration of bodies of water at great depths will be possible only with the use of unmanned techniques. Key words: underwater works technology, marine engineering. ARTICLE INFO PolHypRes 2016 Vol. 54 Issue 1 pp. 7-18 ISSN: 1734-7009 eISSN: 2084-0535 Review article DOI: 10.1515/phr-2016-0001 Delivery date: 29.10.2015r. -
Absolutely Risky Business Plus N11 Final-1.Png
Absolutely Risky Business Though regularly conducted by a small number of commercial operators using saturation systems, diving to 1000 f/307 m is risky business. Only a handful of surface-to-surface "bounce" dives have ever been conducted to these depths, and no one has ever done the dive on open-circuit scuba. Not surprising; there are an extraordinary number of factors that must be taken into account in order to survive. Here are a few, as reflected in the Zacatbn table. Gas planning is always a fundamental issue with scuba especially on deep dives. At 30-plus atmospheres, an aluminum 80 will only last a few minutes, and small variations in breathing and/or descent/ascent rates can have dramatic impli cations. An unpredicted increase in gas consumption nearly cost Bowden his life on his this prior 94APR dive to 925 f/284 m; an extra 80 cf stage cylinder saved it. Estimated gas consumption for the dive is nearly 1300 cubic feet. For his next Bowden going to have anybody attempt, Bowden plans to carry eight cylinders, and pre-stage the remaining cylin ders needed so that he is able to abort the dive anywhere along the way down. there. Like NBC, I'm sorry they weren't there. Then there's oxygen. If the O2 levels are run too low, in-water decompression They want to be there next time from what I times become too long, making the dive impossible on scuba. Conversely, if hear. Can you imagine going up there and they're too high, the diver runs the risk of a CNS hit and drowning. -
Noble Gases an Overview Contents
Noble Gases An Overview Contents 1 Properties 1 1.1 Noble gas ............................................... 1 1.1.1 History ............................................ 1 1.1.2 Physical and atomic properties ................................ 2 1.1.3 Chemical properties ...................................... 3 1.1.4 Occurrence and production .................................. 5 1.1.5 Applications .......................................... 6 1.1.6 Discharge color ........................................ 7 1.1.7 See also ............................................ 7 1.1.8 Notes ............................................. 7 1.1.9 References .......................................... 9 2 Elements 11 2.1 Helium ................................................. 11 2.1.1 History ............................................ 11 2.1.2 Characteristics ........................................ 13 2.1.3 Isotopes ............................................ 16 2.1.4 Compounds .......................................... 17 2.1.5 Occurrence and production .................................. 18 2.1.6 Applications .......................................... 19 2.1.7 Inhalation and safety ..................................... 20 2.1.8 Additional images ....................................... 21 2.1.9 See also ............................................ 21 2.1.10 References .......................................... 21 2.1.11 Bibliography ......................................... 26 2.1.12 External links ......................................... 26 2.2 Neon -
Trzy Słowa Od Prezesa Drodzy Czytelnicy
Nr 8-9 VI-XII.2003 r. W NUMERZE : Trzy słowa od Prezesa Drodzy Czytelnicy -1- Medycyny i Techniki Hiperbarycznej i ostatni rok mojego Witam Drogich Czytelników. Do Waszych rąk Trzy słowa od prezesa Komentarz redakcyjny prezesowania. Moje przetrwanie na tym stanowisku trafia drugi (i ostatni) podwójny numer Biuletynu zawdzięczam przede wszystkim pracowitości Piotra PTMiTH. Ostatni nie tylko podwójny, ale i numer Siermontowskiego i dzięki niemu - PTMiTH - dzieło Jarka Biuletynu ... Krzyżaka, pierwszego prezesa, istnieje i jest w pełnym Nie, nie kończymy działalności, jednak w -2- rozkwicie. Chciałem przypomnieć wszystkim członkom związku z koniecznością dokumentowania TECHNIKA PTMiTH, że podczas grudniowej konferencji będziemy osiągnięć badawczych pod postacią publikacji, w wybierać nowego prezesa. Zgodnie z regulaminem, funkcję gronie Zarządu Towarzystwa i Redakcji, Termodynamiczne własności niekonwencjonalnych mieszanin prezesa można pełnić tylko jedną kadencję i ten przepis postanowiliśmy podnieść rangę Naszego Pisma. oddechowych zabezpiecza (cytuję Jarka Krzyżaka) „że nie będzie wiecznych i „Polish Hyperbaric Research” będzie grubszy, Model ewakuacji poszkodowanych niezastąpionych prezesów, których zmiana wymagałaby artykuły mogą być publikowane po angielsku lub po nurków z morza rewolucyjnych przewrotów”. polsku, streszczenia oczywiście odwrotnie, będą one recenzowane, mamy też pierwsze zgłoszenia W roku 2004 w ramach PTMiTH zamierzamy uczestniczyć autorów zagranicznych. Oczywiście numer ISSN i czynnie w następujących konferencjach -
PLONGEE AU MELANGE TERNAIRE Bilan Des Accidents Entre 1998 Et 2008 En Région Provence-Alpes-Côte D’Azur
FFESSM Paris- 2010 PLONGEE AU MELANGE TERNAIRE Bilan des accidents entre 1998 et 2008 en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Docteur Jean-Michel Pontier Docteur Eric Bergman Docteur Bruno Grandjean Ecole de Plongée de la Marine Nationale [email protected] Introduction (1) Plongée à l’air: limites physiologiques * NARCOSE À L’AZOTE (Pp N2 3,5 b 3535--4040 M) 60 mètres * HYPEROXIE (Pp O22 2 b 90 M) * SATURATION EN AZOTE (PROFONDEUR / TEMPS) * MECANIQUE VENTILATOIRE (POIDS MOLÉCULAIRE N2 = 28) Introduction (2) Plongée à l’air: limites légales 60 mètres * MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE IPA Tome 1, Circulaire 280280--COMISMERCOMISMER / ADG / NP 01.01.10.9610.96 * MINISTÈRE DU TRAVAIL Décret nn°°9090--277277 DU DU 28.03.90 28.03.90 Titre Titre III, III, article article 5 * MINISTÈRE DE LA JEUNESSE ET DES SPORTS Décret nn°°9393--11011101 DU DU 03.09.93, 03.09.93, Arrêté Arrêté du du 22.06.9 22.06.988 Introduction (3) Plongée aux mélanges gazeux * NITROX : Azote / Oxygène : moindre saturation, limité * HELIOX : Hélium / Oxygène : + léger, - narcotique, + saturant * ARGOX : Argon / Oxygène : pouvoir isolant * NEOX : Néon / Oxygène : absence d’effet narcotique, onéreux * HYDROX : Hydrogène / Oxygène : dangereux * HYDRELIOX : Hydrogène / Hélium / Oxygène : dangereux * TRIMIX : Hélium / Azote / Oxygène : plongée profonde > 60 m ARRETE DU 28.08.2000 (JO N° 221 du 23.09.00) Introduction (3) Plongée aux mélanges gazeux en pratique •MÉLANGES SUROXYGÉNÉS : NITROX (AZOTE/OXYGÈNE) - Moindre saturation et risque ADD - temps de plongée et temps de palier - Profondeur -
AFSAB Report on Aircraft Oxygen Generation
United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board Report on Aircraft Oxygen Generation SAB-TR-11-04 1 February 2012 DISTRIBUTION AUTHORIZED In accordance with AFI 61-204 and DODD 5230.24, Distribution Statement A, Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited. This report is a product of the United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board 2011 Quicklook Study on Aircraft Oxygen Generation. Statements, opinions, recommendations, and conclusions contained in this report are those of the Study members and do not necessarily represent the official position of the United States Air Force or the Department of Defense. United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board Report on Aircraft Oxygen Generation SAB-TR-11-04 1 February 2012 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank) ii Foreword Many aircraft make use of an on-board oxygen generation system to provide breathing oxygen for the aircrew. Compared to historical experience, there have been an increasing number of hypoxia-like incidents in the F-22 Raptor aircraft, that may be related to their on-board oxygen generating systems (OBOGS) or their installation. The United States Air Force (USAF) Scientific Advisory Board was tasked to conduct a Quicklook Study of system safety issues involving OBOGS to help ensure that the appropriate steps are being taken to enhance flight safety of these aircraft. These included, but were not limited to, evaluating the current F-22 oxygen system, evaluating OBOGS and life support systems in general, investigating contaminants that could have an effect on