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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82659-4 - Compact Stellar X-ray Sources Edited by Walter Lewin & Michiel van der Klis Index More information

Author index

Abel, T., 617 Ayasli, S., 116, 117 Abramowicz, M., 24, 32, 64, 66, 69, 70, 72, 73, 80, 89, 94, Aylin, Y., 572 96, 98, 142, 166, 168, 200, 398, 538 Azzopardi, M., 220 Adler, S., 578 Agol, E., 157, 166 Baade, W., 295, 547 Agrawal, V., 85 Backer, D., 625 Aharonian, F., 406 Baganoff, F., 166 Aizu, K., 436 Bahcall, J., 157, 224, 295, 342 Akerlof, C., 568, 602, 609, 610 Bahcall, S., 32 Akmal, A., 80, 581 Bailey, J., 437 Alcock, C., 32, 223, 464, 465, 548 Bailyn, C., 159, 224, 234, 235, 243, 244, 343, 366, 369 Alexander, D., 500 Balbus, S., 1, 4, 413, 508 Allan, A., 441–443 Ball, K., 381, 412 Allen, D., 449 Ball, L., 161, 187 Allen, S., 492 Bally, J., 412 Aller, H., 323, 325 Balman, S., 447, 448, 450, 452, 466, 467 Alpar, M., 9, 11, 43, 70, 71, 82, 94, 295, 625 Baluci´nska-Church,M., 96, 177, 236 Aly, J., 96 Band, D., 270, 590 Amati, L., 273, 274, 276, 612 Bandiera, R., 319, 322 Ambruster, C., 267 Bandyopadhyay, R., 245, 251–253 Andersen, M., 589 Bao, G., 69, 73, 96 Anderson, C., 453 Baraffe, I., 514 Anderson, J., 366 Bardeen, J., 65, 66, 73, 81 Anderson, N., 121 Baring, M., 289, 411, 593 Anderson, S., 27 Barmby, P., 350, 374 Andersson, N., 14, 78 Barr, P., 43, 176 Angelini, L., 92, 93, 348, 352, 353, 357, 374, 406, 407, Barret, D., 32, 53, 54, 85, 97, 98, 159, 163, 164 492, 494, 495 Barthelmy, S., 589 Antipova, J., 652, 653 Barziv, O., 1, 18, 230, 649, 654 Antokhina, E., 256, 257 Basinska, E., 122 Antonelli, L., 612 Baskill, D., 428 Anupama, G., 469 Basko, M., 563 Applegate, J., 661 Bassa, C., 363, 372, 374 Aptekar, R., 550–553 Bath, G., 142, 425, 439 Ardelyan, N., 547 Bauer, F., 484, 490 Armitage, P., 4, 68, 73, 96, 427, 441, 648 Baykal, A., 565 Arnaud, K., 165, 185, 205 Baym, G., 160 Arons, J., 281, 287–290, 324, 332 Bearda, H., 466, 468 Arras, P., 576, 580, 581 Beardmore, A., 442, 443 Arzoumanian, Z., 309, 565 Becker, C., 468, 469 Asai, K., 85, 466 Becker, P., 413 Asaoka, I., 73 Becker, R., 281, 283, 285, 295, 302, 314, 319, 325–327, Aschenbach, B., 281, 283, 285, 314 423, 452, 617 Ashman, K., 351 Becker, W., 362, 363 Atkins, R., 590 Beckert, T., 413 Atoyan, A., 322, 406 Beer, M., 243, 629 Atteia, J.-L., 551, 592 Begelman, M., 4, 21, 166, 413, 537, 539, 541 Augusteijn, T., 85, 163, 252, 253 Belczynski, K., 484, 485 Auri´ere,M., 349 Belian, R., 115 Avni, Y., 224 Bell, J., 315, 319

667

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668 Author index

Bellazzini, M., 357, 358 Brinkmann, W., 295, 410 Belloni, T., 42, 44, 47, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 62, 63, 73, Brisken, W., 301, 331 85–87, 92, 98, 161, 172, 179, 197, 199, 200, 400–402, Brocksopp, C., 47, 63, 87, 161, 163, 174, 187, 236, 395, 415, 426, 447 398, 402, 415 Beloboradov, A., 595 Bromm, V., 590, 591, 617 Benlloch, S., 47 Bronfman, L., 157 Berger, E., 276, 602, 613, 615, 617 Brown, E., 16, 29, 78, 116, 117, 122, 124, 144–148, 150 Berger, M., 57, 85, 87, 92 Brown, G., 157, 630, 638, 647, 655 Bergh, S. van den, 350, 469 Brugmans, F., 81 Berriman, G., 236 Brunner, R., 611 Bersier, D., 607 Bryan, G., 617 Bertschinger, E., 68, 72, 89 Bucciantini, N., 329, 331 Bethe, H., 638, 647, 655 Buckley, D., 442 Beuermann, K., 434–437, 454 Bulik, T., 80, 604 Bever, J. van, 226 Burbidge, G., 382 Bhat, P., 590 Burderi, L., 250 Bhattacharya, D., 11, 251, 623, 628, 630, 661 Burenin, R., 590 Bhattacharyya, S., 85 Burgay, M., 657, 658 Biehle, G., 67 Burwitz, V., 124, 310, 434, 443, 451 Biermann, P., 168, 394, 406 Bussard, R., 73 Bietenholz, M., 323 Butler, R., 600 Bignami, G., 295, 304 Butt, Y., 409 Bildsten, L., Ch. 3, 6–8, 14, 16, 28, 29, 78, 82, 96, Butterworth, P., 589 114–119, 125, 127, 128, 133, 134, 136, 140–143, Bychkova, L., 256, 257 148–151, 217, 236, 238, 250, 251, 357, 359, 362, 462, 493, 495, 625, 628, 659, 661 Callanan, P., 247, 252, 253, 349 Bird, A., 561 Cameron, A., 295 Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G., 625 Cameron, P., 568 Bisscheroux, B., 647 Camilo, F., 283, 285, 305, 318, 325, 326, 369, 573 Bitzaraki, O., 470 Campana, S., 16, 71, 87, 163, 332, 398 Blaauw, A., 223, 624 Canizares, C., 85, 341 Blaes, O., 309, 548, 570, 579 Cannizzo, J., 83, 164, 239, 437, 531 Blandford, R., 4, 21, 67, 165, 166, 203, 387, 388, 394, 396, Capellaro, E., 470 409, 412, 413, 415, 598, 610, 625, 661 Caraveo, P., 318, 325 Blanton, E., 354, 356, 494, 497 Carpenter, G., 87 Blisset, R., 44 Carson, J., 345, 366 Blom, J., 85 Casares, J., 159, 205, 231, 232, 234, 235, 245–248, 259, Blondin, J., 320, 321, 326, 331 515 Bloom, J., 273, 593, 611–615, 617 Cassinelli, J., 468 Bloser, P., 85 Castro, S., 616, 617 Blundell, K., 257 Castro-Tirado, A., 601, 605, 609 Bocchino, F., 319 Caswell, J., 325 Bode, M., 449 Catura, R., 271 Boggs, S., 591 Cavaliere, A., 115 Bogovalov, S., 330 Celotti, A., 391, 397 Boirin, L., 85, 130 Chabrier, G., 299, 576 Boldt, E., 92 Chagelishvili, G., 69 Bolton, C., 158, 159, 623 Chakrabarti, S., 87, 199 Bonnet-Bidaud, J., 436 Chakrabarty, D., 9, 11–13, 18, 30, 34, 78, 85, 98, 129, 130, Borozdin, K., 87, 163 139–141, 152, 215, 237, 250–252, 312, 313, 564, 572, B¨ottcher, M., 95, 96 575, 654 Boyd, P., 87, 161 Chanan, G., 323 Boyle, C., 94 Chang, P., 582 Bracewell, R., 41 Chaput, C., 57 Bradshaw, C., 85, 245, 403, 404 Charles, P., Ch. 5, 159, 224, 225, 232, 234, 235, 239, 242, Bradt, H., 14, 40, 163, 169, 178 251, 252, 258, 522 Brainerd, J., 73 Chatterjee, P., 550 Braje, T., 139, 310, 319, 328 Chaty, S., 163 Branch, D., 470 Chen, K., 139, 281, 283, 285, 290–292, 314, 576 Brandt, W., 243, 244, 500 Chen, W., 159, 169, 170, 172, 231, 238, 239, 400 Branduardi, G., 85, 163 Chen, X., 87, 94 Brecher, K., 448 Cheng, B., 552 Bregman, J., 354, 358 Cheng, K., 290–292 Bremer, M., 600, 601 Cherepashchuk, A., 256, 258 Bridges, T., 351 Chevalier, C., 123 Briggs, M., 273, 610 Chevalier, R., 315, 320–322, 598, 647, 648 Brinkman, A., 41 Chiappetti, L., 85

Author index 669

Chiu, H., 296 David, L., 499, 501 Chornock, R., 159, 160 Davidson, K., 660 Chou, Y., 27, 253, 254, 347 Davies, M., 357, 371, 374 Churazov, E., 87, 91, 95, 163, 168 Davies, R., 163 Church, M., 177 Day, C., 124, 147 Clark, D., 325, 327 DeDeo, S., 32, 34, 97, 304 Clark, G., 341, 342 Deeter, J., 41, 305 Clark, J., 223, 224, 228–230, 252, 258 de Jager, C., 642 Cline, T., 548, 549, 571, 572, 582, 589 de Jager, O., 325 Coburn, W., 10, 591 de Jong, J., 17 Cocchi, M., 118, 120, 128 de Kool, M., 646 Coe, M., Ch. 5, 161, 179, 180, 220–224, 226 Della-Valle, M., 447 Cohen, E., 599 de Loore, C., 258, 624, 625, 630 Cohen, J., 352 Deloye, C., 357 Colbert, E., 412, 486, 487, 489, 495, 500, 535, 544 De Luca, A., 304, 305 Colpi, M., 117, 309, 372, 576, 581 de Marchi, G., 366 Comella, J., 281 de Martino, D., 441 Cominsky, L., 331 Dempsey, R., 367 Connolly, A., 611 den Hartog, P., 85 Connors, A., 267, 268 Denis, M., 87 Contopoulos, I., 579 Dermer, C., 595 Contopoulos, J., 287, 314 Deufel, B., 468, 469 Cook, G., 14, 141 Deutsch, E., 252, 253, 342, 348, 369 Cooke, B., 161, 163 de Vaucouleurs, G., 481, 493 Cooke, D., 293 De Villiers, J., 4 Cool, A., 345, 364, 366, 370, 371 Dewangan, G., 469 Coppi, P., 22, 42, 49, 50, 52, 54, 87, 617 Dewey, R., 625 Corbel, S., 21, 161, 162, 168, 187, 194, 204, 384, 388–391, Dewi, J., 637, 638, 647, 649, 659 395–400, 406–409, 411, 415, 572 Dezalay, J.-P., 589, 591 Corbet, R., 85, 217, 218, 222, 550 Dhawan, V., 187, 394, 402 Cordes, J., 625 Dhillon, V., 230, 238 Cordova, F., 423–425, 427, 428, 430, 444–446, 452 Diaz, M., 449 Cornelisse, R., 29, 119, 120, 128, 144, 146–148, 152, 269, Dickel, J., 319 271 Dickinson, M., 613 Coroniti, F., 287, 315, 320, 323 Dieters, S., 57, 85, 87, 163 Costa, E., 588, 589, 600, 601 Dijk, R. van, 161 Cˆot´e,P., 352 di Matteo, T., 90, 96, 167 Cottam, J., 1, 23, 26, 124, 125, 127, 140, 152 Ding, G., 85 Covino, S., 227, 607 Dirsch, B., 352, 374 Cowley, A., 27, 87, 158, 159, 171, 247, 412, 469 Di Salvo, T., 22, 48, 53, 54, 60, 63, 85, 186 Cox, J., 630 di Stefano, R., 355–357, 374, 409, 449, 451, 464, 468, 477, Crary, D., 63, 86 478, 489, 492 Crawford, F., 279, 293 Djorgovski, S., Ch. 15, 610–615, 617 Crew, G., 592 d’Odorico, S., 256 Crocker, M., 412 Dodson, R., 325, 326, 331 Cropper, M., 47, 311 Doi, K., 43 Crowther, P., 258 Done, C., 32, 44, 48, 54, 70, 85, 87, 147, 158, 176, 190, Cui, W., 68, 71, 85–87, 89, 91, 161, 163, 199, 415 426, 428, 431, 436 Cullen, J., 95 Dorch, S., 641 Cumming, A., 13, 29, 30, 96, 116, 119, 133–136, 142, 143, Dorman, B., 165, 185 148–152, 628, 661 Dotani, T., 85, 349, 462 Cunningham, C., 73 Dove, J., 22, 168 Cutler, C., 96, 142 Draine, B., 616 Cutler, E., 251 Drake, J., 124, 302, 310, 451, 467 Czerny, B., 47, 168 Drew, J., 428, 433, 469 Dubner, G., 383 Dachs, J., 223 Dubus, G., 15, 21, 85, 164, 254, 391, 412, 487, 518, 542 Dahlem, M., 487 Duck, S., 441 Dal Fiume, D., 85, 161 Duncan, R., 547–549, 554, 557, 564, 575–578, 580, 582 Dall’Osso, S., 564, 565 Durant, M., 575 Damen, E., 39, 40, 71, 73, 85, 123 Dyks, J., 292–294, 332 D’ Amico, N., 362, 363, 369 Danner, R., 309 Ebisawa, K., 87, 161, 166, 175, 176, 466 Dar, A., 595 Ebisuzaki, T., 96, 121, 123, 535 Das, T., 51, 62, 65, 69, 74, 75, 94, 413 Edelson, R., 47 Datta, B., 80 Edmonds, P., 345, 362, 364–366, 369, 371 Daugherty, J., 288, 289, 292 Eggleton, P., 230, 635, 640, 641

670 Author index

Eikenberry, S., 21, 93, 390, 391, 395, 396, 411, 572, 574 Freedman, D., 274 Ellis, R., 614 Freedman, W., 159, 178, 480 Elsner, R., 42, 43, 85 Freire, P., 280, 369 Elvis, M., 158, 502, 503 Fried, J., 614 Endal, A., 305 Friedjung, M., 453 Epstein, R., 96, 593 Friedman, J., 32 Eracleous, M., 249, 423–425, 433 Frontera, F., 87, 92, 187–190, 197, 269, 588, 590 Ergma, E., 238, 650, 652, 653, 655 Fruchter, A., 329, 332, 601, 605, 609, 612 Esin, A., 22, 87, 159, 166, 167, 183, 189, 190, 205, 600 Fryer, C., 157, 528, 617, 634, 647 Eskridge, P., 471 Fryxell, B., 128, 142, 147, 659 Evans, A., 467 Fuchs, Y., 257, 572, 574 Eyles, C., 222 Fujimoto, M., 116, 117, 119, 123, 127, 128 Ezuka, H., 436, 453 Fujimoto, R., 443, 462 Fukue, J., 94, 202, 468 Fabbiano, G., Ch. 12, 178, 354, 356, 357, 359, 475, 476, Fushiki, I., 29, 31, 116, 117 478, 480, 481, 484, 486, 487, 490–492, 494–502, 535, Fynbo, J., 615 536 Fabian, A., 23, 43, 96, 167, 168, 176, 177, 195, 205, 341, Gaensler, B., 313, 315, 317–319, 328, 329, 332, 405, 568, 373, 413, 486, 492 571–573 Fabrika, S., 256, 257 Galama, T., 592, 598, 600–602, 609, 610, 616, 617 Fahlman, G., 96, 549, 571 Galeev, A., 96 Falcke, H., 95, 168, 394, 406, 411 Gális, R., 466 Fall, S., 616 Gallagher, J., 447 Fan, X., 617 Gallant, Y., 324, 382 Fan, Y., 275 Gallo, E., 388, 398–400, 411, 415 Farinelli, R., 92 Galloway, D., 12, 27–29, 34, 85, 118, 119, 123, 130, 134, Faulkner, J., 641 140, 143, 152, 251, 625 Fedorova, A., 470, 650 Gammie, C., 4, 166 Fender, R., Ch. 9, 159, 161, 163, 187, 197, 257, 258, 381, Gamow, G., 296 383, 387–389, 391, 392, 394–398, 400, 402, 403, 405, Gänsicke, B., 437, 466 406, 410, 411, 413, 415 Garcia, M., 16, 181, 182, 205, 251, 398, 402, 405, 408, Feng, Y., 43, 177 476, 534 Fenimore, E., 553–555, 588, 593, 595, 617 Garmire, G., 314 Ferland, G., 426 Gavriil, F., 550–552, 555, 559, 562–566, 571, 582 Feroci, M., 87, 548, 554, 556, 558, 566, 570, 578, 588 Geffert, M., 345 Ferrario, L., 437 Geldzahler, B., 257, 403 Ferraro, F., 345, 362, 371 Gelfand, J., 568 Fesen, R., 315 Gelino, D., 159, 237, 259 Field, R., 195 Gendre, B., 361, 366 Fierro, J., 290 Georganopoulos, M., 412 Filippenko, A., 159, 160, 234 George, I., 177, 205 Finger, M., 9, 93 Geppert, U., 576, 628, 661 Finley, J., 295 Gerssen, J., 372 Finn, L., 658 Ghisellini, G., 607 Finoguenov, A., 492, 494, 495, 497 Ghosh, P., 5–7, 11, 481, 501, 659 Finzi, A., 281 Giacani, E., 318 Fiore, F., 616 Giacconi, R., 1, 6, 341, 500, 503, 623 Fischer, A., 435, 436 Gierliński,M., 32, 44, 48, 54, 57, 85, 87, 165, 166, 186, Fishman, G., 271 195, 197, 400 Flannery, B., 625, 649 Gies, D., 159, 257 Flowers, E., 297 Giles, A., 57, 114, 130, 135, 148, 250, 520, 554 Focke, W., 85 Gilfanov, M., 13, 48, 76, 85, 86, 90, 95 Fomalont, E., 245, 388, 389, 403, 404, 409 Giuli, R., 630 Fontaine, G., 434 Glass, I., 258 Ford, E., 46, 49, 50, 57, 58, 63, 77, 85, 86, 98, 130, 140 Gleissner, T., 96 Forman, W., 267, 347, 476, 478, 499, 501 Glendenning, N., 1, 12, 32, 80 Fortner, B., 50, 82, 94, 95 Gnedin, O., 577 Foschini, L., 486 Gnedin, Y., 94 Foster, A., 124 Goad, M., 491, 536 Foulkes, S., 247 Gö˘gü¸s, E., 550–553, 555, 569 Fowler, W., 116 Goldoni, P., 163 Fox, D., 85, 140, 273, 343, 345, 592, 593, 617 Goldreich, P., 285–287, 290, 314, 576, 579 Fragile, P., 81 Golenetskii, S., 548, 557, 558 Frail, D., 276, 315, 323, 329, 567, 570, 572, 588, 589, 600, Gondek-Rosińska,D., 80 601, 605–607, 610, 613, 615, 617 Gonzalez, M., 318 Franco, L., 85, 124, 126, 130, 131, 134, 137, 138, 152 González-Riestra,R., 447, 449, 453 Frank, J., 3, 422, 427, 436, 507, 512, 534, 544 Goodman, J., 345, 593

Author index 671

Goranskii, V., 256, 257 Hartman, R., 285 Gotthelf, E., 268, 559, 560, 563, 571, 572 Hartmann, D., 647 Gottlieb, E., 245 Hartmann, H., 429, 448, 466 Gottwald, M., 126, 127 Hartog, P. den, 561 Granot, J., 276, 597–599, 602 Hasinger, G., 40, 46, 49, 53, 54, 62, 77, 85–87, 92, 120, Grebenev, S., 87 345, 360, 365, 366, 403, 405, 477 Green, A., 319 Haswell, C., 238, 239, 241, 522, 525, 528 Green, D., 325, 327 Hawley, J., 1, 4, 72, 92, 94, 96, 204, 413, 508 Greene, J., 160, 202 Haynes, R., 258 Gregory, P., 381, 408, 549, 571 Heck, A., 466 Greiner, J., 159, 163, 256, 268, 433, 447–449, 451, 453, Heger, A., 617, 634 461, 462, 464, 467, 521, 541 Heindl, W., 6, 10, 11, 258 Greiveldinger, C., 283 Heinke, C., 346–349, 361, 362, 368, 374 Griffin, R., 341 Heinz, S., 27, 406, 408–410, 415 Griffiths, R., 484, 501 Heise, J., Ch. 6, 269–271, 423, 438, 448, 466, 591, 593, Grimm, H.-J., 3, 357, 478, 479, 484, 501, 537–539, 544 624 Grindlay, J., 1, 27, 92, 115, 253, 254, 268, 280, 283, Heiselberg, H., 80 342–345, 347, 348, 350, 357, 359–364, 366, 374 Helfand, D., 295, 314, 318, 319, 325–327 Groot, P., 163 Hellier, C., 248, 441–443, 549 Grove, J., 22, 87, 161, 180, 190 Hempelmann, A., 426, 434 Gruzinov, A., 4, 22, 73, 166, 598, 607 Hendry, M., 403, 405, 406 Guainazzi, M., 347, 349 Henon, M., 345 Gudmundsson, E., 299 Hermsen, W., 561 Guidorzi, C., 557 Hernanz, M., 448, 449, 452 Gunn, J., 281, 287, 315, 320, 341 Hernquist, L., 299, 494, 550, 564, 565, 576, 661 Gursky, H., 163, 341 Herrero, A., 236 Guseinov, O., 623 Hertz, P., 45, 85, 344, 345, 350, 360 Hessels, J., 318 Haardt, F., 87, 96, 168 Hessman, F., 437 Haberl, F., 123, 124, 309–311, 443, 470, 582 Hester, J., 324, 329, 330, 332 Habets, G., 637, 638 Heuvel, E. van den, 11, Ch. 11, Ch. 16, 157, 158, 225, Hachisu, I., 447, 462, 464, 465, 470, 471 258, 341, 359, 368, 461, 462, 469, 470, 475, 477, 481, Hachiya, M., 468 549, 582, 623–630, 634, 638, 639, 642, 643, 646, 649, Hack, M., 421, 423 650, 652, 653, 655, 658, 659 Haefner, R., 446 Hewish, A., 547 Haensel, P., 117, 150, 576 Heyl, J., 30, 31, 116, 142, 299, 304, 564, 565, 576 Hagen, H.-J., 434 Hibschman, J., 281 Haggard, D., 362 Hillier, D., 229 Hailey, C., 304 Hills, J., 341, 373, 649 Hakala, P., 255, 345 Hirano, A., 85 Halpern, J., 47, 283, 285, 291, 295, 302, 318, 566, 605, 617 Hirayama, M., 331 Hameury, J.-M., 16, 96, 181, 182, 243, 441 Hirotani, K., 291 Hamilton, D., 491, 535 Hjellming, R., 85, 159, 161, 163, 253, 259, 381, 386, 388, Han, X., 161, 381, 386, 393, 399, 402, 403, 405 391, 393, 394, 396, 398, 399, 402–405 Han, Z., 470, 625, 637, 647 Hjorth, J., 588, 592, 593, 613 Hanami, H., 83, 94 Hjorth-Jensen, M., 80 Hanawa, T., 83, 116, 117, 119, 121, 128 Ho, C., 593 Hands, S., 33 Ho, W., 300, 301, 304, 311, 578, 582 Hanes, D., 351 Hoard, D., 449 Hannikainen, D., 161, 168, 194, 238, 383, 388, 390, 398, Hoare, M., 428 399, 402, 409 Hoffman, J., 121, 341, 350 Hansen, B., 357, 371 Hogg, D., 612, 613 Hansen, C., 115 Holland, S., 613 Hanson, M., 258 Holt, S., 2, 487 Hanuschik, R., 223 Homan, D., 391 Harding, A., Ch. 7, 281, 283, 284, 287–290, 292, 411, 579, Homan, J., 49, 51, 52, 61, 68, 85, 87, 98, 163, 183, 194, 593 195, 204, 205, 394, 400, 405 Harlaftis, E., 19, 20, 159, 248 Homer, L., 27, 250, 253, 254, 347, 350, 362 Härm, R., 115 Hooft, F. van der, 63, 87, 161, 163, 235, 243 Harmon, B., 402 Horn, H. van, 115 Harnden, F., 295 Horne, K., 1, 19, 232, 243, 249, 427 Harris, M., 590 Hornschemeier, A., 500–503 Harris, W., 348, 350, 351, 374 Hoshi, R., 73, 92, 549 Harrison, F., 273, 599, 602, 605, 606, 612, 617 Hoshino, M., 92 Harrison, T., 237 Howell, S., 434 Harrus, I., 319 Hoyle, F., 116 Hartle, J., 32, 66 Hua, X., 89, 94, 95

672 Author index

Huang, Y., 275 Kaaret, P., 49, 50, 80, 85, 87, 95, 130, 163, 198, 384, Hucht, K. van der, 642 389–391, 408, 409, 412, 476, 478, 484, 485, 489, 490, Hughes, J., 318, 319 497, 503, 537 Hughes, P., 388 Kahabka, P., Ch. 11, 448, 449, 464, 466, 467, 470 Hulleman, F., 550, 572–575 Kahn, F., 449 Hulse, A., 624 Kahn, S., 44, 271 Humphrey, P., 178, 486 Kaiser, C., 238, 409 Hurley, K., Ch. 15, 548, 549, 552, 553, 556, 557, 574, 580, Kalemci, E., 63, 87, 163, 205 589, 590, 592 Kallman, T., 17, 85, 147, 428 Hut, P., 341, 345, 357, 372, 374 Kalogera, V., 80, 157, 160, 484, 485, 492, 496, 503, 528, Hutchings, J., 159, 469 544, 625, 643, 658, 659 Hynes, R., 87, 158–161, 163, 172, 236, 238, 243–245, Kaluzienski, L., 163, 258 247–250, 259, 395, 396 Kaluzny, J., 369 Kamado, Y., 85 Iakovlev, D., 576, 578 Kamata, Y., 441 Iaria, R., 85 Kaminker, A., 123, 297–299, 306, 307 Iben, I. Jr., 421, 462, 466, 471, 646 Kanbach, G., 87, 243, 285, 286, 395 Ibragimov, A., 466 Kanno, S., 303 Ibrahim, A., 559, 563, 566, 567, 578, 580 Kaper, L., 223, 225 Igumenshchev, I., 4, 166 Kaplan, D., 309–311, 313, 572, 575 Ikegami, T., 85 Kaptein, R., 128 Illarionov, A., 6, 654 Karas, V., 68, 69 Ilovaisky, S., 85, 123, 349 Kargaltsev, O., 295, 314 Imamura, J., 87 Kaspi, V., Ch. 7, 285, 305, 314, 318, 327–329, 331, 550, Immler, S., 480 559, 562–566, 568, 570, 571, 573, 575, 580, 625 in ’t Zand, J., Ch. 6, 85, 87, 113, 118, 128–130, 140, 144, Kato, M., 24, 26, 447, 462, 464, 465, 467 146, 163, 177, 250, 270, 275, 347–349, 361 Kato, S., 28, 94, 96, 161, 165, 168, 201, 202 Inan, U., 550, 556, 566 Kato, Y., 94, 96 Inogamov, N., 97, 127 Katz, J., 257, 276, 341, 444, 548, 587, 596 Ioannou, Z., 349 Kaufman Bernado, M., 391, 409 Ioka, K., 275 Kawaguchi, T., 92, 96, 168 Iping, R., 510 Kawai, N., 85 Ipser, J., 32, 94 Kazanas, D., 89, 94, 579 Irsmambetova, T., 257 Kehoe, R., 610 Irwin, J., 354, 358, 471, 492, 494, 495, 497 Kelley, R., 129 Ishida, M., 259, 436, 441, 443, 451 Kellner, S., 294 Israel, G., 45, 557, 568, 572, 573, 575, 579 Kellogg, E., 452 Israelian, G., 157, 238 Kendziorra, E., 251 Iwamoto, K., 649 Kennea, J., 163 Iwasawa, K., 566 Kennel, C., 287, 315, 320, 323 Kennicut, R., 613 Jablonski, F., 251 Kenyon, S., 412, 452, 453 Jager, R., 113, 268, 600 Kerkwijk, M. van, 7, 8, 18, 257, 258, 302, 310, 311, 332, Jain, R., 395 371, 372, 550, 572–575, 582 Jameson, R., 515 Kern, B., 550, 573 Jansen, F., 92, 475 Kessler, M., 476, 502 Jaroszynski, M., 538 Khangoulian, D., 330 Jeltema, T., 354, 492, 494, 495, 497 Kifune, T., 330 Jensen, K., 428 Kiikov, S., 94 Jernigan, J., 93, 342 Kilgard, R., 478, 484, 485 Ji, J., 87 Kim, D.-W., 354, 356, 357, 359, 475, 492, 494, 496–498 Johnston, H., 252, 258, 349, 364 Kim, S.-W., 518 Johnston, K., 381, 386, 394, 396 King, A., Ch. 13, 15, 31, 96, 178, 239, 241, 245, 255, 412, Johnston, S., 331, 571 426, 436–438, 441, 470, 475, 489–491, 495, 498, 503, Jones, C., 45, 174, 476, 478, 492, 494, 495, 497, 499, 513, 514, 517–520, 523, 524, 528, 529, 531–533, 501 535–539, 541–543, 629, 659, 660 Jones, D., 319 King, I., 347, 373 Jones, M., 427–431, 445 Kippen, R., 271, 273, 591 Jones, P., 577 Kippenhahn, R., 630, 640 Jongert, H., 129 Kirk, J., 320, 322, 627 Jonker, P., 26, 45, 53, 54, 60, 61, 72, 73, 75, 76, 85, 94, 98, Kirsch, M., 251 130, 252 Kirshner, R., 315 Jord´an,A., 355, 374 Kissler-Patig, M., 351, 354 Jordan, S., 448, 449, 453 Kitabatake, E., 468 Joss, P., 115–117, 121, 128, 134, 628, 641, 652 Kitamoto, S., 85, 86, 96, 163, 174, 190 Juett, A., 561 Klein, R., 92, 97 Julian, W., 285–287, 290, 314 Klein-Wolt, M., 51, 52, 57, 60, 63, 87, 98, 172, 187, 197, Junor, W., 414 386, 400–402, 411, 414

Author index 673

Klimis, G., 73 Lamb, D., 29, 31, 34, 115–117, 275, 299, 436, 549, 563, Klis, M. van der, 1, Ch. 2, 12, 13, 24, 32, 34, 41–43, 46, 572, 592, 617 49, 50, 52–58, 62, 63, 69, 76–78, 81, 85, 87, 92, 113, Lamb, F., 5–7, 11, 43, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 94, 95, 98, 115, 114, 120, 123, 127, 129, 130, 139, 140, 160, 161, 170, 116, 139, 140, 202, 659 179, 190, 195, 197, 198, 215, 250, 258, 341, 347, 394, Lamb, R., 560, 572, 575 403, 405, 475, 477, 625, 628 Lampland, C., 323 Klose, S., 572, 574 Landau, L., 640 Klu´zniak, W., 24, 26, 66, 67, 69, 72, 73, 80, 89, 98, 125, Langer, N., 469, 638 127, 142, 200 Langmeier, A., 54, 85, 126 Knigge, C., 369, 445 Laor, A., 176, 543 Kobayashi, S., 595, 610 La Parola, V., 487, 489, 491 Koch-Miramond, L., 257, 259 Lapidus, I., 129 Koerding, E., 538 Larkin, J., 615 Koester, D., 633 Larmers, H., 638 Koide, S., 415 Laros, J., 548, 552, 553 Koike, O., 117 Larson, M., 295 Kolb, U., 31, 243, 421, 514, 527, 528, 530, 533, 544 Larson, R., 617 Komberg, B., 625 LaSala, J., 236, 245 Komissarov, S., 330, 331 Lasota, J.-P., 16, 164, 238, 239, 422, 426, 436, 441, 512, Kommers, J., 9, 85, 93, 592 513 Komossa, S., 484 Lattimer, J., 123–125, 296, 297, 310 Konar, S., 628, 630, 661 Laurent, P., 22, 73, 89, 94, 95 Kong, A., 27, 87, 118–120, 159, 180, 182, 245, 253, Laycock, S., 220, 221 476–480, 487, 492, 503 Lazzati, D., 92, 607, 617 Königl, A., 394, 396 Leahy, D., 449, 452, 453 Koranyi, D., 600 LeBlanc, J., 547 Körding, E., 95, 412, 490, 491 Lee, C., 630, 638 Koshut, T., 551 Lee, H., 69, 78, 94, 95 Kosugi, G., 568, 575 Lee, U., 96, 142 Kotani, T., 163 Lense, J., 66 Kothes, R., 572 Lenters, G., 566, 567, 570 Kotov, O., 87 Levin, Y., 78 Kouveliotou, C., 114, 548, 549, 551, 560, 566, 576, 580, Levine, A., 113, 169 589, 591 Levinson, A., 409 Kovetz, A., 462, 464 Lewin, W., Ch. 8, 11, 28, 29, 40, 47, 83, 85, 97, 113, 114, Koyama, K., 441, 549, 566 121–123, 126, 157, 204, 341, 342, 347, 349, 350, 507, Kraft, R., 356, 493–495, 497, 641 533, 552, 554, 628, 630 Krause-Polstorff, J., 287 Lewis, W., 652 Krautter, J., 446, 448–450, 461, 466, 467 Li, F., 93, 116 Krishan, V., 96 Li, L., 94 Krolik, J., 4, 72, 92, 94, 96, 166, 204, 593 Li, T., 42, 87 Kronberg, P., 323 Li, X., 80 Krumholtz, M., 612 Li, X.-D., 470, 533, 582 Krzemiński,W., 434 Li, Z., 598 Kubota, A., 87, 184, 186, 195, 205, 486, 487, 536 Liang, E., 72, 87, 94–96, 610 Kudoh, T., 413 Liedahl, D., 23 Kudritzki, R., 617 Lifshitz, E., 640 Kuduz, M., 469 Lilly, S., 614 Kuijpers, J., 96, 436 Lin, D., 87, 96 Kuiper, L., 283–285, 561, 576 Lin, H., 614 Kulkarni, S., 11, 302, 310, 329, 332, 349, 359, 372, 374, Ling, J., 87, 161 548, 550, 560, 563, 567, 572, 573, 576, 582, 589, 601, Lingenfelter, R., 548 605, 609–614, 617 Link, B., 295 Kumar, P., 274, 602, 605 Lipunov, V., 607 Kundu, A., 350–353, 356, 357, 374, 492–494, 496, 497 Litchfield, S., 436, 438 Kunze, S., 427 Lithwick, Y., 411, 593 Kuulkers, E., Ch. 10, 18, 27, 29, 34, 44, 45, 49, 50, 52–54, Liu, B., 168 85, 87, 98, 123, 124, 127, 128, 144–147, 151, 152, 161, Liu, J.-F., 487, 491 170, 230–232, 239, 240, 346, 374, 381, 389, 402, Liu, Q., 31, 115, 159, 160, 163, 164, 230, 626 405–407, 411, 415, 427, 432, 433 Livio, M., 142, 412, 413, 415, 421, 426, 427, 441, 447, Kuznetsov, S., 85 448, 470, 526, 548, 646, 648, 661 Kwok, S., 449, 452 Lloyd, H., 448, 449 Kylafis, N., 73 Lloyd-Ronning, N., 617 Lochner, J., 27, 43, 253 Laan, H. van der, 386 Lodenqual, J., 303 Lada, C., 412 Loeb, A., 607, 617 La Dous, C., 421, 423, 427 Loewenstein, N., 166 Lai, D., 9, 10, 72, 81, 93, 94, 301, 304, 311, 332, 578 London, R., 121

674 Author index

Long, K., 428, 430, 432, 433, 445, 461, 476, 477, 487 Mason, K., 129, 396, 423–425, 427, 430, 431, 441, 443, Longair, M., 382 444, 446, 452 Loon, J. Th. van, 229 Massey, P., 258 Lorimer, D., 11, 309, 625 Masters, A., 436 Lovelace, R., 8 Matsuba, E., 85 Lowes, P., 164 Matsuda, T., 659 Lu, F., 318, 319 Matsui, Y., 295 Lubin, L., 85 Matsumoto, H., 537 Lubow, M., 513 Matsumoto, K., 468, 469, 484, 487 Luo, C., 94 Matsushita, K., 489, 492 Lutovinov, A., 87 Matt, G., 177, 436 Lynden-Bell, D., 165, 413, 425 Mattei, J., 465 Lyne, A., 293, 305, 309, 345, 580, 625, 658 Matthews, L., 310 Lyubarskii, Y., 96, 578 Mauche, C., 63, 427, 428, 430, 432–434, 436, 443–446, Lyubarsky, E., 578 454 Lyubarsky, Y., 330, 331, 577, 581 Maxted, P., 625 Lyutikov, M., 576, 577 Mazets, E., 548, 555–558, 589, 591 McBreen, B., 590 Macbeth, J., 150 McClintock, J., 1, Ch. 4, 16, 17, 22, 51, 87, 158, 159, 161, Maccarone, T., 42, 49, 50, 52, 54, 87, 96, 98, 352, 357, 163, 178, 179, 181–183, 188, 230, 242, 248, 346, 517, 358, 374, 391, 400, 411, 415, 492, 493, 496, 497 629, 630 MacDonald, J., 447, 448, 466 McCollough, M., 393 MacFadyen, A., 592, 603, 634 McDermott, P., 96, 142 Macquart, J., 392 McGowan, K., 85, 224, 225 Madau, P., 309, 491, 501, 535, 613, 615 McGrath, T., 468 Madej, J., 121 McHardy, I., 43, 47, 87, 96, 267, 268 Madgwick, D., 614 McKee, C., 598, 610 Madras, C., 595 McKinney, J., 4, 166 Maeder, A., 219 McLaughlin, M., 279, 312, 573 Maejima, Y., 42, 87 McMillan, S., 372, 659 Magdziarz, P., 436 McNamara, B., 85, 600 Magnier, E., 355 Medvedev, M., 607 Main, D., 87 Meekins, J., 57 Makino, Y., 85 Meier, D., 390, 395, 411, 413, 414 Makishima, K., 85, 87, 165, 178, 195, 205, 349, 486, Melatos, A., 320 487 Melia, F., 121 Makishima, Z., 535 Melrose, D., 281, 288 Mallozzi, R., 590 Méndez, M., 49, 52, 62, 63, 75–78, 85, 87, 98, 124, 125, Maloney, P., 28 130, 195, 561 Malzac, J., 87, 189 Menna, M., 85 Manchester, R., 293, 323, 547, 630 Mennickent, R., 469 Mandelbrot, B., 183 Menou, K., 181 Manfroid, J., 466 Mereghetti, S., 124, 304, 313, 314, 549, 557, 559, 560, 575 Manickam, S., 199 Merloni, A., 65, 68, 96, 167, 168, 186, 201, 406, 411, 413 Manmoto, T., 96 Mestel, L., 641 Mao, S., 602, 614 Mészáros,P., 10, 275, 588, 594, 596, 598, 601, 602, 604, Maragoudaki, F., 220 607–609 Maraschi, L., 115, 168, 627 Metzger, M., 600, 611 Mardling, R., 373 Mewe, R., 271 Margon, B., 21, 27, 163, 254, 255, 258, 391 Meyer, F., 168, 254, 426 Markert, T., 158, 341, 347 Meyer-Hofmeister, E., 426, 468 Markoff, S., 21, 22, 189, 190, 396, 397, 406, 407, 413, 538 Meylan, G., 341, 373 Marković,D., 66, 68, 94, 202 Meyssonnier, N., 220 Markowitz, A., 47 Michel, F., 287, 314 Markwardt, C., 12, 85, 87, 98, 129, 130, 132, 134, 138, Middleditch, J., 85 140, 141, 144–146, 148, 149, 152, 161, 163, 251, 625 Migliari, S., 85, 98, 391, 405–410, 415 Marscher, A., 411 Mignani, R., 258 Marsden, D., 560, 561 Mihos, J., 494 Marsh, T., 19, 21, 159, 161–163, 175, 232, 236, 245, 434, Miller, C., 535 439, 452 Miller, D., 229 Marshall, F., 45, 85, 162, 163, 175, 283, 301, 439, 452 Miller, G., 94, 95 Marshall, H., 21, 127, 295, 391, 407 Miller, J.C., 24, 26, 32 Martí, J., 163, 187, 383, 395, 405 Miller, J.M., 1, 23, 43, 49, 63, 87, 163, 166, 175, 177, 178, Martin, C., 485, 550, 573 205, 400, 406, 487–489, 491, 503 Martín, E., 237, 238, 409 Miller, M., 24, 26, 32, 49, 66, 67, 70–74, 76, 77, 80, 95, Martocchia, A., 177 129, 130, 132, 134, 139, 140, 491, 578, 581 Masetti, N., 251, 347 Milsom, J., 94

Author index 675

Mineshige, S., 72, 92, 94, 96, 241 Nelson, R., 8 Minniti, D., 356 Nespoli, E., 87 Mioduszewski, A., 259, 383, 409 Ness, J.-U., 468 Mirabal, M., 616 Ng, C., 330 Mirabel, I., 1, 20, 21, 159, 161–163, 241, 345, 381, Nieuwenhuijzen, H., 642 386–388, 391, 395, 400, 402, 409, 411, 412, 414, 541, Nobili, L., 28, 95, 199, 413 649 Nolan, P., 86, 89, 330 Mirioni, L., 491 Nomoto, K., 464, 470, 637 Misra, R., 96 Norberg, P., 614 Mitchell, M., 461 Nordlund, A.,˚ 641 Mitman, K., 595 Norman, C., 24, 94 Mitsuda, K., 54, 85, 165 Norman, M., 617 Miyaji, T., 501 Norris, J., 43, 85, 548, 589 Miyamoto, S., 40, 41, 49, 51, 52, 86, 87, 95, 96, 179, 190 Norton, A., Ch. 10, 440–443 Mizuno, T., 486 Novikov, I., 165, 623 Mo, H., 614 Nowak, M., 27, 41, 43, 47, 49, 52, 57, 63, 73, 86, 87, 89, Moderski, R., 604 91, 94–96, 161, 163, 168, 176, 177, 199 Moffat, A., 258 Nozakura, T., 128 Molkov, S., 561 Nugis, T., 638 Montmerle, T., 271 Nussbaumer, H., 449, 453 Moon, D., 93 Moore, C., 350, 405 O’Brien, K., 20, 85 Morfill, G., 92 O’Brien, T., 448 Morgan, E., 12, 13, 57, 87, 130, 131, 137, 140, 161, 198, Oda, M., 86, 89 199, 250 O’Dell, 413 Mori, K., 304 Odewahn, S., 613 Morii, M., 560 O’Donoghue, D., 239, 522 Morsink, S., 66, 68 Ogasawara, R., 568 Morton, D., 295 Ogawara, Y., 42 Motch, C., 87, 163, 311, 406, 434, 443, 466, 468 Ogelman,¨ H., 295, 446–449, 452, 461, 466 Mouchet, M., 436 Ogilvie, G., 21, 254, 391, 413 Mukai, K., 255, 423–426, 431, 433, 434, 443, 451, 491, Ogley, R., 163 542, 543 Okada, R., 94 Mukherjee, R., 319 Okazaki, A., 223 Mukhopadhyay, B., 80, 94 Okuda, T., 94 Munari, U., 453 Olbert, C., 319 Muno, M., 30, 34, 53, 54, 85, 87, 126, 130–133, 135–139, Olive, J.-F., 54, 55, 58, 63, 85, 554 152, 172, 197–199, 204, 205 O’Neill, P., 85 Murakami, T., 129, 272, 548 Oort, J., 323 Murdin, P., 82, 158, 163, 258, 623 Oosterbroek, T., 85, 87, 559, 560, 565 Murray, J., 241 Oosterhoff, P., 345 Murray, S., 283, 306, 318, 325 Orio, M., 446–449, 451, 452, 454, 461, 466–468 Murset, U., 449, 452, 453 Orlandini, M., 92 Mushotzky, R., 47, 412, 486, 489, 490, 492, 495, 503, 535 Orosz, J., 17, 18, 157, 159, 161, 205, 224, 226, 230, 234, Muslimov, A., 288–290, 292 235, 243, 244, 371, 372, 388, 389, 629 Ortega-Rodríguez, M., 89 Nagase, F., 217, 549 Osaki, Y., 164, 256, 513 Naik, S., 87 Osborne, J., 426, 428, 431, 470, 476 Nakamura, N., 121, 124 Osherovich, V., 82, 93, 94, 199 Nakamura, T., 275 Østgaard, E., 69, 73 Nakar, E., 581, 595 Ostriker, J., 281, 309, 625, 660 Nandi, A., 87 Ouyed, R., 80 Nandra, K., 47, 500, 501 Owen, F., 161, 381 Narayan, R., 1, 4, 11, 16, 21, 31, 34, 166, 167, 181–183, Ozel,¨ F., 125, 139, 301, 561, 562, 572, 578, 582 205, 413, 425, 430, 534, 550, 594, 596, 597, 600 Natarajan, P., 68 Paciesas, W., 592 Nath, N., 26, 30, 130, 140 Pacini, F., 315, 320 Nayakchin, S., 595 Paczyński,B., 67, 72, 94, 116, 121, 150, 230, 444, 462, Nayakshin, S., 147, 158, 190 538, 548, 550, 577, 578, 593, 594, 596, 602, 612, 625, Naylor, T., 251, 252, 349, 427, 430, 432 637 Nedialkov, P., 470 Paerels, F., 257, 466, 467, 471 Negoro, H., 43, 86 Page, D., 295, 299, 303, 576 Negueruela, I., 220, 221, 223, 225, 226 Pakull, M., 464, 491 Neighbours, J., 341 Pallavicini, R., 271 Neill, J., 369 Palmer, D., 557, 570, 577, 580 Neish, C., 408 Pan, H.-C., 163, 272 Nelemans, G., 157, 508, 634, 638 Panagia, N., 325

676 Author index

Panaitescu, A., 598, 602, 604, 605 Prestwich, A., 486 Papaloizou, J., 4 Prialnik, D., 447, 462, 464 Paradijs, J. van, 15, 17, 85, 113, 115, 122–124, 126, 159, Price, C., 439 163, 164, 168, 230, 242, 248, 251, 341, 346, 350, 517, Price, R., 93 518, 523, 549, 550, 552, 580, 600, 601, 626, 650, 654 Priedhorsky, W., 27, 42, 43, 85, 403 Paredes, J., 408 Prigozhin, G., 273 Paresce, F., 366, 450 Primini, F., 476, 478 Park, H.-S., 592 Pringle, J., 4, 5, 28, 93, 165, 254, 425, 426, 428, 430, 436, Park, S., 87, 94 439, 507, 510, 511, 520, 542, 654 Parke, W., 559 Prins, S., 54, 85 Parker, E., 641 Pritchet, C., 469 Parmar, A., 8, 43, 87, 163, 253, 346, 349, 427, 466, 502 Prokhorov, M., 607 Patel, S., 560, 572 Psaltis, D., Ch. 1, 11, 13, 24, 32–34, 61–63, 68, 69, 72, 76, Patterson, J., 71, 255, 256, 423–428, 433, 439, 445, 446, 80, 85, 87, 90, 93, 94, 97, 98, 114, 125, 139, 200, 280, 462 303, 304, 446, 454, 562, 581 Paul, B., 27, 87 Ptak, A., 486, 495, 501, 502 Pavlenko, E., 236 Puchnarewicz, E., 542, 543 Pavlov, G., 124, 295, 300, 303, 312–314, 325, 332 Pudritz, R., 96 Payne, D., 21, 95, 413 Puzia, T., 352, 353 Pechenick, K., 139 Pye, J., 267, 268 Pellat, R., 168, 199, 413 Pylyser, E., 371 Pence, W., 471, 483 Pendleton, G., 592 Qu, J., 85 Penninx, W., 85, 403 Quataert, E., 4, 22, 166, 182, 582 Pereira, M., 251 P´erez, C., 89 Radhakrishnan, V., 11, 293, 625 Perna, R., 309, 550, 606, 607 Rajagopal, M., 300, 304, 361 Peters, P., 655 Ramaprakash, A., 615 Pethick, C., 297, 576 Ramaty, R., 548 Petre, R., 313, 318, 328 Ramirez-Ruiz, E., 595, 617 P´etri, J., 287 Ramsay, G., 426, 427, 431, 437, 446 Petterson, J., 81, 510 Ranalli, P., 499, 501 Pfahl, E., 627, 646, 649, 652 Randall, S., 354, 356 Phillips, S., 244 Rankin, J., 293 Phinney, E., 305, 309, 372, 374, 413, 640, 642, 643 Ransom, S., 302, 332 Picklum, R., 116, 148 Rao, A., 87 Pier, E., 593 Rappaport, S., 115, 347, 423, 427, 461, 469, 470, 539, 540, Pietsch, W., 470, 471 628, 629, 635, 641, 646, 647, 652 Pinto, P., 124 Rasio, F., 371 Piotto, G., 358 Ray, A., 373 Piraino, S., 85 Raymond, J., 423–426, 428, 430, 432, 433, 450 Piran, T., 4, 594–600, 602, 603, 605, 608–610 Rea, N., 560, 561 Piro, A., 359, 493, 495 Read, A., 461, 471, 499 Piro, L., 453, 600, 601, 612 Rebusco, P., 70 Pistinner, S., 448 Reerink, T., 53, 54, 59, 60, 85, 98 Pivovaroff, M., 573 Rees, M., 21, 31, 165, 287, 289, 315, 320, 387, 413, 435, Podsiadlowski, P., 238, 243, 347, 370, 421, 470, 539, 544, 439, 491, 535, 594, 596, 601, 602, 604, 607–609 629, 646, 647, 649, 650, 652 Refsdal, S., 635 Polidan, R., 424, 428 Reich, W., 319 Pols, O., 635, 637, 649, 659 Reichart, D., 592, 601, 617 Ponman, T., 85, 426–428, 430, 499 Reifenstein, E., 281 Pooley, D., 347, 357, 360, 362, 364–368 Reig, P., 41, 54, 55, 63, 85, 87, 95, 98, 199, 216 Pooley, G., 386, 391, 395, 396, 400, 411 Reilly, K., 87 Popham, R., 97, 425, 430, 468 Reimers, D., 434, 633, 642 Popov, S., 220 Reinsch, K., 462, 464, 465, 471 Porquet, D., 319, 323 Reipurth, B., 412 Portegies-Zwart, S., 372, 659 Reisenegger, A., 576 Postnov, K., 607 Remillard, R., 1, Ch. 4, 16, 51, 52, 57, 63, 72, 87, Potekhin, A., 299, 576 158–161, 163, 182, 183, 192, 193, 196, 197, 199, 200, Pottschmidt, K., 43, 63, 87, 199, 400 202, 204, 255, 464, 629, 630 Poutanen, J., 95, 96, 195, 406 Renzini, A., 453 Pozzetti, L., 613 Retter, A., 255 Prakash, M., 123, 125, 296–298 Revnivtsev, M., 32, 57, 63, 82, 85–87, 97, 161, 163, 187, Pratt, G., 426, 427, 430 198, 199, 205, 541, 561 Predehl, P., 329, 424 Reynolds, C., 43, 73, 96, 160, 176 Preece, R., 271 Reynolds, S., 315, 320–323, 325 Press, W., 57 Rezzolla, L., 78, 89, 202

Author index 677

Rhoades, C., 32, 160 Scarsi, L., 600 Rhoads, J., 596, 602, 604, 605 Schaab, C., 80 Rhode, K., 374 Schachter, J., 245 Ribó,M., 408 Schaefer, B., 590, 591, 612 Ricci, D., 87 Schaller, G., 469, 638 Richman, H., 423–425 Schandl, S., 254 Ricker, G., 272, 588, 589 Scharlemann, E., 288 Riper, K. van, 295, 299, 576 Scharringhausen, B., 315 Ritter, H., 239, 421, 470, 518, 519, 527, 531, 533, 539, Schatz, H., 29, 117–119, 148, 149, 152 541, 629, 641, 653 Schechter, P., 57 Roberts, M., Ch. 7, 285, 318, 319, 327, 328, 330 Schenker, K., 514–517, 525–527, 544 Roberts, T., 486, 487, 491, 536, 542, 544 Scheuer, P., 325 Robinson, E., 85, 118, 428, 430, 444, 445 Schilling, G., 587 Roche, P., 216, 250–252 Schlegel, E., 433, 471, 487 Rodrigues, I., 345 Schlickeiser, R., 73 Rodriguez, J., 87, 89, 96 Schmidt, M., 603 Rodríguez, L., 1, 20, 21, 159, 161–163, 241, 381, Schmidtke, P., 87, 468 386–388, 391, 409, 412, 541 Schmitt, J., 424, 426 Rogers, R., 195 Schmutz, W., 258 Rol, E., 593, 601, 607, 611 Schnerr, R., 54, 85, 98, 405 Rolfe, D., 247 Schnittman, J., 68, 72, 89 Romani, R., 158, 290–294, 300, 310, 319, 330, 361 Schoelkopf, R., 129 Romero, G., 391, 409 Schoenberg, S., 296 Rosen, S., 440, 441 Schreier, E., 624 Rosner, R., 426, 434 Schultz, H., 484 Ross, R., 124, 147 Schulz, N., 85, 95, 295, 301 Rossi, E., 607 Schutz, B., 658 Rossi, S., 49, 87 Schwarz, G., 467 Rothschild, R., 57, 161, 169, 548 Schwarz, R., 438 Rothstein, D., 163 Schwarzschild, M., 115 Rozanska, A., 168 Schwope, A., Ch. 10, 311, 435, 437–439 Rucinski, S., 641 Sedov, L., 316, 321, 327 Rudak, B., 292–294, 462 Sellmeijer, H., 87 Ruderman, M., 281, 291, 295, 302, 303, 576, 582, 650, 661 Seon, K., 163 Ruffini, R., 32, 160 Serkowski, K., 434 Rujula, A., 595 Seward, F., 461 Rupen, M., 159, 161, 163, 381, 388, 391, 392 Shafter, A., 248 Rutledge, R., 15, 16, 52, 85, 87, 117, 128, 161, 194, 236, Shaham, J., 9, 11, 70, 71, 139, 650, 661 238, 272, 309, 361, 362, 366, 412, 487, 534 Shahbaz, T., 159, 234, 236, 239, 240, 244, 247, 248, 259, Ryan, E., 313 520 Shakura, N., 3, 93, 165, 179, 183, 204, 425, 523 Sabbadini, A., 32 Shanley, L., 449, 466 Sadeh, D., 129 Shapiro, P., 413 Safi-Harb, S., 256, 318 Shapiro, S., 1, 4, 165, 168 Sahu, K., 600 Shapley, A., 499–501 Saito, Y., 281, 343, 345, 362 Shaposhnikov, N., 121, 124 Sakamoto, T., 273, 274, 276 Shara, M., 128, 366, 447 Sakurai, I., 283 Share, G., 590 Sala, G., 448, 449, 452 Shaver, P., 315 Salpeter, E., 296, 623 Shaviv, G., 441 Salvati, M., 315, 320 Shaviv, N., 304, 537 Samimi, J., 87, 245 Shemi, A., 594 Sams, B., 396 Shibanov, I., 303 Sanchez-Fernandez, C., 163 Shibanov, Y., 299 Sandquist, E., 3, 646 Shibata, M., 66 Sano, T., 4 Shibata, S., 291, 330 Santolamazza, P., 85 Shibazaki, N., 43, 95, 96, 157, 239 Sanwal, D., 124, 236, 295, 304, 314 Shimura, T., 166, 186 Sarazin, C., 352, 354, 356–359, 374, 471, 492, 494–497 Shiokawa, K., 423–425 Sari, R., Ch. 15, 410, 411, 593, 595–600, 602, 604, 605, Shirakawa, A., 9, 10, 81, 93, 94 607–610 Shirey, R., 27, 85, 258, 470, 476 Sarna, M., 238, 652, 653 Shitov, Yu., 573 Sasaki, M., 66 Shklovskii, I., 623 Savaglio, S., 616 Shore, S., 447, 448, 450, 451 Savonije, G., 371, 425, 527, 533, 629, 635, 642, 644–646, Shrader, C., 94, 95, 161, 195 650, 652–654, 659 Shrinivasan, G., 11 Scargle, J., 43, 96, 324 Shull, J., 320

678 Author index

Shvartsman, V., 40 Straaten, S. van, 53, 54, 57, 61–63, 68, 80, 85, 87, 94, 98, Sibgatullin, N., 65, 66 126, 130, 131, 137 Sidoli, L., 346 Strickland, D., 487 Sigurdsson, S., 374, 658 Strickman, M., 408 Sikora, M., 604 Strohmayer, T., 1, Ch. 3, 11, 24, 28–30, 55, 56, 72, 85, 87, Sil’antev, N., 578 89, 96, 117, 122–125, 129–135, 137–142, 144–149, Silber, A., 427, 428 161, 202, 267, 269, 272, 489, 490, 559 Silbergleit, A., 89 Sugiho, M., 487 Simon, V., 465, 468 Sugimoto, D., 121 Singh, J., 433, 434, 437 Suleımanov, V., 466, 468 Singh, K., 85 Sunyaev, R., 3, 6, 32, 40, 57, 66, 73, 85, 87, 93, 97, 127, Sion, E., 426, 430, 444, 453, 466 161, 163, 165, 174, 179, 183, 199, 204, 238, 406, 408, Sipior, M., 658 425, 523, 563, 654 Sirk, M., 434 Supper, R., 355, 356, 470, 476, 477 Sivakoff, G., 353 Sutantyo, W., 341, 624 Skinner, G., 163, 224, 349 Sutaria, F., 181 Skinner, S., 272 Sutherland, P., 43, 57 Skjaeraasen, O., 320 Swaluw, E. van der, 316, 320, 321, 331 Skumanich, A., 641 Swank, J., 2, 12, 85, 87, 121, 129, 130, 133, 140, 141, 152, Slane, P., 307, 314, 319, 323 157, 163, 169, 205, 341, 430, 444, 559, 565, 625 Slettebak, A., 628 Swartz, D., 470, 480–482, 487, 489, 491, 503 Sluys, M. van der, 371 Symbalisty, E., 547 Smak, J., 164 Szalay, A., 611 Smale, A., 27, 85, 123, 124, 253 Szkody, P., 427, 428, 430–432, 434, 449 Smarr, L., 625 Sztanjo, M., 123 Smith, D., 50, 52, 87, 131, 137, 140, 163, 175, 205, 230, 238, 259, 484, 487 Taam, R., 3, 94, 96, 113, 115, 116, 121, 123, 124, 142, Smith, E., 625 148, 533, 548, 549, 552, 628, 646, 652, 659 Smith, I., 87 Tagger, M., 168, 199, 413 Sobczak, G., 87, 161, 170, 175, 176, 183, 193–195 Takahara, F., 166, 186 Soberman, G., 642, 643 Takahashi, K., 187, 190 Soderberg, A., 274 Takens, R., 649 Soﬁa, S., 305 Takeshima, T., 92 Sokoloski, J., 412, 453, 454 Takeuchi, M., 96 Sokolov, V., 614 Takizawa, M., 87 Sonderblom, D., 641 Tam, C., 327, 568, 577 Soria, R., 234, 241, 248, 471, 483, 487, 629 Tan, J., 85, 403 Southwell, K., 464, 468 Tanaka, Y., 45, 157, 176, 204, 239, 533 Spencer, R., 20, 381 Tananbaum, H., 179, 312, 313, 398 Spergel, D., 494 Tauris, T., Ch. 16, 629, 630, 634, 641, 642, 644–647, 649, Speybroeck, L. van, 355, 476, 477, 485, 492, 503 650, 652–654, 659 Spitkovsky, A., 29, 30, 127, 139, 142, 143, 151, 152, 287 Tavani, M., 331, 332, 650 Spruit, H., 87, 94, 305, 395, 641, 653 Tawara, Y., 85 Sreekumar, P., 85 Taylor, A., 441, 442, 453 Srinivasan, G., 45, 625, 658, 661 Taylor, G., 273, 568, 615 Staelin, D., 281 Taylor, J., 39, 624, 630, 641, 653 Stanek, K., 593, 605 Taylor, P., 441, 442, 453 Stanimirovic, S., 218 Teeseling, A. van, 423–428, 430, 431, 433, 434, 436, 445 Stappers, B., 315, 318, 319, 328, 329, 332, 363 Telting, J., 227, 228 Starrﬁeld, S., 259, 447, 448, 453, 454, 466 Tennant, A., 45, 83, 85, 258, 290, 481, 482 Stavely-Smith, L., 220 Terada, H., 568 Steeghs, D., 163, 245–247, 434 Terada, K., 87 Steidel, C., 500 Terasawa, T., 557 Steiman-Cameron, T., 87 Terlevich, R., 486 Steiner, J., 449 Terquem, C., 642 Stella, L., 24, 40, 45, 48, 53, 61, 65–68, 85, 92, 98, 200, Terrell, J., 27, 556 217, 398, 549 Terrell, N., 43, 86 Stephenson, F., 327 Teukolsky, S., 1, 165, 168 Stepien, K., 641 Thampan, A., 80 Stergioulas, N., 80 Thirring, H., 66 Stern, B., 592 Thomas, H.-C., 434 Stetson, P., 481 Thompson, C., Ch. 14, 547–549, 557, 564, 570, 572, Stewart, R., 405, 410 575–582 Stirling, A., 161, 187, 388, 394, 409 Thompson, D., 280, 330 Stoeger, W., 73 Thompson, I., 369 Stollman, G., 94, 95 Thompson, K., 72 Stone, J., 4, 5, 166, 510 Thompson, T., 582

Author index 679

Thomsen, B., 275 Vilhu, O., 641 Thorne, K., 66, 93, 165, 658 Villarreal, A., 125 Thoroughgood, T., 469 Viotti, R., 452, 453 Thorsett, S., 18, 215, 237, 329, 374, 612, 654 Vogt, N., 513 Thorstensen, J., 245 Volk, K., 453 Timmer, J., 43 Voss, R., 647, 659 Timmes, F., 157 Vrba, F., 572, 574 Tingay, S., 381, 388 Vrielmann, S., 19, 20 Titarchuk, L., 22, 24, 73, 80–82, 89, 93–95, 121, 123, 124, Vrtilek, S., 17, 85, 423, 425, 426 195, 199 Tjemkes, S., 234 Wachter, S., 252, 253, 572, 575 Tomov, T., 468 Wade, C., 381, 403 Tomsick, J., 85, 87, 161, 163, 194, 198, 205, 249, 259, 361, Wade, R., 232 384, 390, 391, 408, 409 Wagner, R., 159, 181, 236, 259 Toole, H., 548 Wagoner, R., 24, 26, 67, 78, 89, 93, 94, 125, 127, 141, 202 Torii, K., 283, 305, 319, 326, 327, 559, 560, 563 Waki, I., 124 Torkelsson, U., 8 Walker, M., 439 Totani, T., 612 Wallace, B., 319, 328 Townsley, D., 462 Wallace, R., 117, 120, 128, 548 Treves, A., 87, 309, 627 Wallinder, F., 82, 94 Trinchieri, G., 475, 476, 478, 492, 494, 499, 501 Walraven, T., 324 Trudolyubov, S., 87, 163, 198, 369, 470, 476, 478–480 Walter, F., 113, 124, 215, 253, 310, 623, 641 Tr¨umper, J., 10, 281, 295, 461, 627 Waltman, E., 399 Truss, M., 513, 520, 521 Wamsteker, W., 223 Tsuruta, S., 295, 306, 307 Wang, D., 69 Tsygan, A., 288 Wang, F., 283, 291, 295, 302 Tuchman, Y., 518 Wang, Q., 258, 318, 319, 323, 480, 491 Tuohy, I., 314, 442 Wang, Y.-M., 73 Turatto, M., 470 Wang, Z., 13, 17, 572, 575 Turner, M., 166 Wang, Z.-R., 533 Turner, N., 413 Wardle, J., 391 Turolla, R., 195 Wardzinski, G., 168 Tutukov, A., 471, 624 Warner, B., Ch. 10, 63, 85, 239, 240, 245, 421, 423, 426, Tylenda, R., 425 439, 440, 444–447, 531 Warren, J., 439 Ubertini, P., 45, 118 Watarai, K., 72, 94 Udalski, A., 223 Waters, L., 7 Ueda, Y., 163 Watson, D., 275 Uemura, M., 87 Watson, M., 427–431, 439, 441, 443, 445, 539 Ulla, A., 433, 434 Waxman, E., 274, 589, 598, 601, 605, 607, 616 Ulmer, A., 553 Weaver, K., 176, 491 Umeda, H., 295 Weaver, T., 638 Unno, W., 43 Webbink, R., 434, 447, 452, 496, 528, 531, 625, 635, 643, Unruh, S., 548 646, 652 Urpin, V., 576, 628, 661 Weber, F., 80 Ushomirsky, G., 78 Webster, B., 158, 623 Usov, V., 288, 564, 581, 582 Weekes, T., 325, 330 Uttley, P., 43, 47, 85, 87, 96, 98 Weidemann, V., 633 Uyaniker, B., 572 Weigel, M., 80 Weigert, A., 630, 635, 640 Vadawale, S., 406, 407 Weiler, K., 315, 323, 325, 588 Vanbeveren, D., 226 Weinberg, N., 97, 98, 139, 140 Vanderspek, R., 588 Weisberg, J., 641, 653 Vargas, M., 163 Weisskopf, M., 41, 43, 57, 289, 318, 323, 325, 475 Varni´ere,P., 94, 96, 413 Wellstein, S., 638 Vasiliev, L., 87, 163 Welsh, W., 515 Vasisht, G., 314, 548, 559, 560, 563, 571, 572 Wen, L., 87 Vaughan, B., 11, 41, 85, 87, 95 Wenzel, W., 464 Vedrenne, G., 53 West, M., 352 Velusamy, T., 323 West, R., 426, 442 Vennes, S., 448 Weth, C., 612 Verbunt, F., Ch. 8, 225, 341, 343–345, 347, 349, 356, 357, Wheatley, P., 426–430, 446, 453, 454 359–366, 368, 370, 373, 374, 423, 424, 426, 428–431, Wheeler, J., 8, 96 433, 434, 623, 630, 641, 653 White, N., 1, 2, 11, 12, Ch. 12, 32, 43, 45, 77, 78, 158, Vietri, M., 61, 65, 67, 68, 596 159, 162, 163, 175, 217, 231, 241, 253, 255, 272, 275, Vignarca, F., 87 348, 406, 407, 421, 427, 439, 471, 501, 511, 560, 561 Vikhlinin, A., 43, 86, 87, 95, 96, 161, 268 White, R., 354, 358, 359, 471, 495

680 Author index

Whitehurst, R., 241, 255, 513 Yadigaroglu, I.-A., 291, 292, 294, 303 Whiteoak, J., 319 Yakovlev, D., 295, 297–299, 306, 307, 332, 576 Whitmore, B., 351 Yamaoka, K., 87 Wickramasinghe, D., 434, 437 Yamazaki, R., 276 Wiita, P., 538 Yaqoob, T., 163, 175 Wijers, R., 95, 254, 601, 602, 607, 616, 630 Yi, I., 1, 4, 8, 21, 413, 602 Wijnands, R., 12, 13, 27, 49, 56–58, 60, 62, 63, 69, 70, 72, Yılmaz, A., 71 75, 76, 78, 85, 87, 98, 130, 134, 140, 143–146, 161, 163, Yoshida, A., 612 170, 197–199, 205, 250, 349, 361, 374, 534, 625 Yoshida, K., 54, 85, 430, 431 Will, C., 33 Yoshida, S., 78 Willems, B., 533 Yoshikoshi, T., 330 Williams, B., 476, 477, 479, 480 Yost, S., 615, 617 Willson, L., 448, 452 Young, P., 118, 147 Wilms, J., 27, 87, 163, 166, 171, 179, 187 Yu, W., 43, 63, 85, 92, 98, 127 Wilson, A., 163, 484 Yungelson, L., 462, 466, 469, 470, 624 Wilson, C., 161, 217 Wilson, J., 127, 547 Zane, S., 301, 332, 578, 582 Witte, M., 642 Zavlin, V., 283, 295, 300, 302, 303, 311, 313, 314, 361 Witten, E., 32 Zdunik, J., 80, 117, 150 Woelk, U., 437 Zdziarski, A., 57, 87, 168, 194, 195, 197, 205, 245, 407 Woerd, H. van der, 427–429, 444, 445 Zel’Dovitch, Y, 623 Wojdowski, P., 27 Zepf, S., 351, 352, 374 Wolf, R., 281, 295, 342 Zezas, A., 478, 484, 486, 491–493, 495, 503, 536, 540 Wolszczan, A., 650 Zhang, B., 275, 276, 607 Woltjer, L., 322, 323, 547 Zhang, L., 290–292 Wood, J., 426, 427, 430, 433 Zhang, S., 166, 179, 186, 197 Wood, K., 85, 87, 94, 161, 267 Zhang, W., 9, 26, 77, 78, 80, 85, 87, 93, 129, 130, 133, Woods, A., 433 148, 502 Woods, P., Ch. 14, 87, 163, 549, 550, 557, 560, 561, Zhu, T., 576 563–566, 568–571, 573, 578, 580 Zingale, M., 29, 30, 147 Woosley, S., 115–117, 120, 128, 142, 147, 148, 157, 548, Znajek, R., 165, 203, 588 592, 603, 617, 634, 638, 647 Zoccali, M., 358 Woudt, P., 63, 444–446 Zurita, C., 159, 160, 248, 255, 256 Wu, K., 161, 434, 483, 485, 497 Zwaan, C., 641 Wynn, G., 441 Zweibel, E., 628, 661 Zwicky, F., 295, 547 Xiong, Y., 96 Zycki,˙ P., 87, 96, 177, 190

Subject index

accretion, 3–5, Ch. 13, 39, 45, 164–168, 267 α-disk, 3 angular momentum, see under angular momentum beat-frequency, 70–71, 73, 80, 81, 139, 628 curtains, see under cataclysmic variables boundary layer, 425–426, 428 disk, see accretion disk disk-oscillation, 89, 91, 93–95, 199 efficiency, 642 instability, 15, 164, 507, 512 element diffusion, 114, 120, 128 intrinsically aperiodic, 96 flow, 7, 33, 39, 40, 64, 124, 162 jet, 168, 490 advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAF), 4, 21, multicolor disk (MCD), 165, 175, 181, 183, 185, 188, 22, 50, 72, 157, 166, 180–182, 188, 190, 243, 510, 490 534, 535 multistate (MCD and ADAF), 167 advection-dominated inflow/outflow solutions relativistic precession, 67–69, 80, 81, 254 (ADIOS), 4, 166 relativistic resonance, 69–70, 80, 89, 200–201 convection-dominated accretion flows (CDAF), 4, 166 thick-disk, 4 gravity-dominated, 45 thin-disk, 1, 3, 164, 508–509 imaging, 1, 19 oscillations, 83, 93, 200 super-Eddington, 72 precession, 21, 24, 61, 66, 68, 71, 76, 91, 241, 253, 391, hyper-critical, 647 522 instabilities, 78, 94, 114 preferred radii, 72–73 luminosity, 7, 16 quiescence, 422 magneto-rotational instability, 4, 413, 508 reflection, see accretion disk, reprocessing mass transfer, see mass transfer reprocessing, 124, 175, 178, 186, 190, 230, 241, 346, rate, 6–8, 12, 13, 17, 26, 29, 50, 52, 67, 72, 73, 92, 94, 426, 446, 468, 550 96, 113, 115, 119, 120, 126–128, 164–166, 190, specific angular momentum, 507 204, 370, 403, 462, 509, 623 spectra, 21–24 luminosity correlation, 50 power-law, 166, 175, 176, 179, 195, 203 table of, 624 thermal, 167, 176 torques, 7, 8, 28, 165 stability, 512–513 viscosity, 3, 20, 24, 68, 94, 165, 166, 239, 413, 422, 426, temperature, 197, 509 465, 508, 510, 517 luminosity relation, 184 accretion disk, Ch. 13, 40, 64, 164, 421, 486, 507–513, 625 thickness, 425, 468, 512, 518 angular momentum, see under angular momentum timescales, 93, 509–510 boundary layer (BL), 64, 72, 81, 93, 95, 96, 127, 423 warped disk modes, 93, 123, 247, 510–512, 542 corona, 2, 22, 23, 40, 50, 52, 64, 76, 91, 93, 95, active galactic nuclei, see under galaxies 166–168, 180, 349, 427, 430 AGILE, 330 accretion disk corona (ADC), 2, 23 Alfvénradius, see under neutron stars Comptonization, 166, 167, 176, 189, 194 Algol systems, 271 flares, 167 AM CVn stars, see under cataclysmic variables models, 168, 195 AM Herculis stars, see cataclysmic variables, polar temperature, 168 angular momentum, 23, 66, 127, 165 doppler tomography, see doppler tomography balance equation, 640–643 eclipses, 2, 27 conservation of, 134, 143, 370 fluorescence, 124 loss of, 2, 5, 72, 127, 141, 370, 513, 523, 527, 624, 640 formation, 507–508 Poynting–Robertson effect, 72 general-relativistic orbital motion, 64–67 transport, 4, 6, 7, 16, 78, 165, 422, 508, 630 inner disk radius, 176, 183, 184, 188 anomalous X-ray pulsars, 2, Ch. 14, 313, 559–563 instabilities, 92–96, 195, 199, 217, 239, 534, 654 birthrate, 580 Keplerian orbits, 64, 72, 94, 165, 190 history, 549–550 luminosity, 94, 165, 178–179, 509 IR counterparts, 550 magnetosphere, 92–94 luminosity, 559 models, 63–74 optical counterparts, 550 accretion–ejection instability, 199, 413 soft gamma-ray repeater, see soft gamma-ray repeater 681

682 Subject index

anomalous X-ray pulsars (cont.) magnetosphere, 64, 71 spectra, 549 mass, 160, 164, 200, 204, 205 timing determination, 23, 487 glitches, 564, 565, 571, 580 distribution of, 237 variability, 559 table of, 18 anti-dwarf novae, see cataclysmic variables, VY Scl stars Schwarzschild geometry, 165, 177, 202, 489 apparent velocity, 387 source states, 49–53, 179–198, 393 Ariel-V, 267 high (HS), 51–53, 160, 165, 183–186, 352, 393 ASCA, 15, 22, 124, 176, 187, 268, 296, 313, 314, 331, 345, intermediate (IMS), 51–53, 160, 194–197, 394 431, 434, 443, 466, 475, 486, 487, 489, 492, 559 low (LH), 50–53, 160, 166, 393 atoll sources, 46, 49, 60, 63, 137, 388 quiescent, 160, 166, 181–183 bursts, see X-ray bursts transitions, 166, 175, 194, 195 hectohertz quasi-periodic oscillations, 81 very high (VH), 160, 165, 168, 190–195, 394 jets, see under jets, from neutron star binaries sources, 158–162 magnetic ﬁeld, 49 table of, 159 source states, 54–55 spin, 161, 200, 202, 205, 415 banana branch, 54, 137, 405 variability extreme island, 54 fundamental frequency, 200–203 hysteresis, 54, 55 boundary layer, see under accretion disk island, 54, 405 Bowen ﬂuorescence, 241, 247 bulge sources, see low-mass X-ray binaries banana state, see atoll sources, source states burst oscillations, 113, 114, 128–143 band-limited noise, see under X-ray variability amplitudes, 129 BATSE, 271, 275, 587 evolution, 139 Be stars, see under companion star and accretion rate, 136–137 beat frequency, 70, 93 and PRE bursts, 137 beat frequency models, see accretion disk; X-ray and spin modulation, 140–141, see also under neutron variability; beat frequency stars, spin BeppoSAX, 16, 29, 113, 118, 120, 123, 124, 128, 143, frequency evolution, 132–135 177, 188, 268, 270, 273, 346, 347, 349, 461, 466, harmonics, 138–139 467, 529, 561, 587, 589, 600 in superbursts, 148 black hole candidates, Ch. 4, 162–164, 236, 398, 405, 476 sidebands, 138–139 Cyg X-1, 236 spectra, signal to noise, 152 GX339-4, 245–247 stability, 135–136 iron lines, 164 table of sources, 130 light curves, 172–175 burst sources, see gamma-ray bursts, X-ray bursts radio emission, jets, 162 Bursting Pulsar, 114 source states high (HS), 162 cataclysmic variables, 1, Ch. 10, 47, 215, 238, 255, 343, state transitions, 162 345, 360, 362, 364–366, 477, 508, 511, 625, 628, spectra, 172–175 641 table of, 163 AM CVn stars, 421, 433–434, 625 variability, 164 AM Herculis stars, see cataclysmic variables, polars X-ray novae, 231 classical nova (CN), 422, 446–452, 470 X-ray spectra CBL phase, 447 lines, 162 quiescent, 451–452 power-law, 162 recurrent (RNe), 422 ultrasoft, 162 shocks, 448 X-ray variability, quasi-periodic oscillations, 198 DQ Her stars, see cataclysmic variables, intermediate black holes, 31 polars accretion, super-Eddington, 178–179, 198, 540 dwarf novae, 422, 443, 512–517 Eddington limit, 491, 532 long-period, 515–517 event horizon, 14–16, 23, 24, 33, 39, 157, 161, 162, 165, oscillations, 443–445 169, 190, 205, 398 outbursting, 427–431 consequences of, 168 quasi-periodic oscillations, 445–446 evidence of, 181, 534–535 quiescent, 426–427 evidence of, 1, 16, 31, 32, 45 short-period, 514–515 gravitational redshifts, 176, 205 superhumps, 513 innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), 26, 39, 66, 89, timescales, 512 157, 165, 166, 176, 177, 185, 201, 489, 508 U Gem stars, 422 intermediate mass (IMBH), 486, 535, see also Z Cam stars, 422, 531 ultra-luminous X-ray sources eclipsing, 426, 432, 439 jets, see jets, from black hole binaries inclination, 426 Kerr geometry, 165, 176, 177, 202, 205, 486, 487, 489 intermediate polars (IPs), 422, 439–443, 470 lightcurves, 170, 175 accretion curtains, 440 magnetic coupling, 166 accretion modes, 440–441 Parker instability, 167 lightcurves, 441–443

Subject index 683

sideband frequency, 440, 441 companion stars, Ch. 13, 95, 152, 164, 215, 314, 409, 421, spectra, 443 438 IR emission, 236 Be type, 6, 331 luminosity, 241 circumstellar disk, 217, 222–223, 227, 229 magnetic, see cataclysmic variables, polar; cataclysmic evolution, 224 variables, intermediate polars size, 227 metallicity, 238 torques, 223 non-magnetic, 421 corotation, 217, 232 spectra, 431–433 evolution, 181 X-ray emission, 423–434 giant, 461, 471, 531, 626 nova-like (NL), 422 in high-mass X-ray binaries, 6, Ch. 16 optical emission, 364, 422 in low-mass X-ray binaries, Ch. 16 variability, 365 jet interaction, 407 X-ray ﬂux ration, 424, 434 K-dwarf, 158 orbital period, 421 low mass, 140 polar (AM Her stars), 422, 434–439 main sequence, 369 corotation, 422 mass, 2, 12, 159 lightcurves, 437–439 mass transfer, 2 spectra, 434 metallicity, 116, 237–239, 357 variability, 435 nondegenerate, 157 soft X-ray puzzle‚ 436 O type, 229, 534 spectra, 423 OB type, 6, 158, 160, 216 blackbody, 433, 436 Population II, 115 bremsstrahlung, 443 radial velocity, 160, 232, 244, 623 iron lines, 431, 443 Roche lobe, see Roche lobe super-soft X-ray emission, 448–449, 451, 453, see also spectral classiﬁcation, 225–227, 229 super-soft X-ray sources supergiant, 421 symbiotic binary (SB), 421, 452–453, 461, 477 white dwarf, 11, 12, 115, 346, 347, 370, 533, 630, 648, D-type, 452 650 novae (SBNe), 423, 452, 461 wind, 2, 3, 23, 215, 216, 223, 331, 370, 402, 421, 435, S-type, 452 452 variability, 443–446, 462 Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, 180, 190, 283, 285, vs. high-mass X-ray binaries, 421 293, 330, 589, 609 vs. low-mass X-ray binaries, 421, 422, 443 Constellation-X, 152, 205 VY Scl stars, 433 Corbet diagram, 217, 222 CCDs, 230, 243 corona, see accretion disk, corona central compact objects, 302, 312–314, 559 corotation, see under companion star and supernovae remnants, 312 CVs, see cataclysmic variables Schwarzchild radius, 511 cyclotron lines, 10–11 spectra, 312 energies, table of, 11 temperature, 312 vs. neutron stars, 312 dipping sources, see under low-mass X-ray binaries wind, 312 dMe stars, 271 Chandra X-ray Observatory, 15, 21, 22, 43, 113, 114, 124, doppler tomography, 19, 234, 245, 248, 438 128, 152, 169, 177, 181, 187, 216, 257, 273, 281, DQ Herculis stars, see cataclysmic variables, intermediate 283, 289, 290, 296, 301, 304, 306, 310, 312, 314, polars 323, 324, 327–330, 332, 343, 345–350, 355, 356, dwarf nova, see under cataclysmic variables 359–362, 364, 366, 406, 431, 443, 453, 461, 466–468, 470, 471, 475–477, 479–481, 483, 486, echo mapping, 243 487, 489, 491, 492, 495, 497, 499, 500, 502, 541, echo tomography, 19 561 eclipses, see under accretion disk; cataclysmic variables; class I sources, see high-mass X-ray binaries X-ray binaries class II sources, see low-mass X-ray binaries Eddington limit, 6, 116, 117, 121, 123, 346, 357, 461, 660 classical novae, see under cataclysmic variables super-Eddington, 178, 486, 535, 660 color–color diagrams, 44–45, 48, 137, 403 Einstein, 268, 271, 296, 314, 342, 343, 345, 350, 355, color–magnitude diagrams, 365 366, 423, 425, 426, 436, 461, 475, 476, 478, 480, common envelope, see under X-ray binaries, formation 499 and evolution equations of state, see under neutron stars compact objects EUVE, 187, 431, 434 black hole, see black holes event horizon, see under black holes central, see central compact objects evolution, see also stellar evolution formation and evolution, 630–638 angular momentum, see angular momentum mass, 241 common envelope, see under X-ray binaries neutron stars, see neutron stars companion star, see under companion star Q star, 32 gravitational radiation, see gravitational radiation quark star, 302, 310, 548 high-mass X-ray binaries, see under high-mass X-ray strange star, 32, 310 binaries

684 Subject index

evolution (cont.) re-ionization, 616–617 intermediate-mass X-ray binaries, see under redshifts, 603, 610–614 intermediate-mass X-ray binaries duration, 589 low-mass X-ray binaries, see under low-mass X-ray jets binaries observation, 605–607 magnetic braking, see magnetic braking theory, 602–605 merging neutron stars, 655–659 lightcurve, 589–590 rate, 658 models Roche lobe overflow, see under Roche lobe fireball shock, 593–596 X-ray binaries, see under X-ray binaries relativistic blast-wave, 601–602 EXOSAT, 24, 127, 129, 163, 176, 271, 296, 349, 423, 436, standard fireball, 588–589 441, 443, 466 polarization, 591, 607–608 shocks, 594–596 fast Fourier transform (FFT), see under X-ray variability external, 588, 594–596, 610 fast X-ray transients, Ch. 6, 267 internal, 588, 594–596, 610 history of, 267–268 reverse, 608–610 origins of, 271 spectra, 590–591, 593 stellar coronae, 271 Band model, 590 timescales, 271 synchrotron, 590 X-ray flashes, see X-ray flashes statistics, 591–592 flaring branch, see under Z sources, source states number–intensity relation, 591, 603 Fourier transform, see under X-ray variability spatial distribution, 591 timing, 589 galaxies, Ch. 12, 178 variability, 595 active galactic nuclei, 20, 23, 43, 47, 166, 169, 176, 195, X-ray afterglow, 268 243, 275, 381, 480, 483, 491, 500, 542, 602, 623 Ginga, 24, 175, 177, 179, 205, 272, 443, 566 Andromeda (M31), 461, 476 GLAST, 330 elliptical, 341, 352–355, 492 globular cluster sources, Ch. 8, 250, 254, 280, 405, 476, globular clusters, see globular cluster sources 477, 492, 495–497, 536, 623, 628, 630 Hubble sequence, 496, 499 age, 353, 357, 372 M101, 481 black holes, 372 M81, 480 cataclysmic variables, 423 M83, 481 collision number, 368, 372, 374 S0, 492 evolution, 345, 368–374 Seyfert, 176 extragalactic, 350–359 spiral, 351, 355, 475 table of, 351 star formation rate (SFR), 484, 500, 537, 612–614, see formation, 372–374 also under X-ray luminosity function tidal capture, 341, 373 super-soft X-ray sources, 470 history of, 341–346 X-ray sources, 169 in elliptical galaxies, 341, 351–355, 357–359 Galaxy (Milky Way), 46, 157, 158, 169, 178, 219, 267, in spiral galaxies, 351, 355, 358 309, 341, 345, 412, 461, 477, 529, 533, 559, 572, low-luminosity, 359–368 580, 623 table of, 344, 367 Galactic Bulge, 215, 251, 628 luminosity functions, 352–355, 358, 368 Gamma-Ray Burst Coordinates Network, 589, 601 metallicity, 351, 353, 355, 357 gamma-ray bursts, Ch. 15, 157, 169, 267, 269, 548, 555, sizes, 350 558, 580, 658 specific frequency, 350, 351, 359 afterglow, 587 super-soft X-ray, 471 infrared component, 601 table of, 342 lightcurve, 588, 599, 601 vs. field sources, 358–359 millimeter component, 601 X-ray bursts, 122, 123 optical component, 592, 601 GRANAT, 174 radio component, 589, 592, 600, 601 gravitational radiation, 2, 14, 78, 141, 181, 225, 359, 370, spectra, 597, 601, 611 371, 514, 527, 640, 641, 655–659 theory, 596–597 observations, 657–658 X-ray component, 589, 592, 601 rate of energy loss, 655 as standard candles, 607 gravitational redshift, see under black holes; neutron stars burst rate, 589, 603 gravitational waves, see gravitational radiation classes, 592–593 dark bursts, 592, 611, 615–616 hard X-ray transients, see under X-ray transients long, 592 hardness–intensity diagram, 44–45, 48 short, 592 HEAO-1, 129, 267, 271 X-ray flashes, see X-ray flashes helium flash, see thermonuclear flash compactness problem, 593 Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, 271, 466, 467, 635 cosmology, 614–617 HETE, 272, 273, 587, 589, 592, 610 host galaxies, 610–614 high-latitude transients, see fast X-ray transients

Subject index 685

high-mass X-ray binaries, 2, 160, 168, 215–230, 352, 623, JACLEAM, 650 626–628 jets, Ch. 9, 20–21, 468, 538, 542, 547, 660 accretion, see accretion composition, 391–392 accretion disk, see accretion disk Comptonization, 407 and star formation, 484, 497 emission, 382 angular momentum, see angular momentum from black hole binaries, 165 Be-type (BeX systems), 216–217, 222–223, 267, 627 black hole spin, 415 spectral class, 225 disk coupling, 393–402 birthrate, 539 HS state, 398–400 companion star, see companion star intermediate state, 400 Corbet diagram, 217, 222 LH state, 393–398 formation and evolution, 3, Ch. 16, 539, 624, 655–659 quiescent, 398 gravitational radiation, 655–659 VH state, 400 illustration, 656 from neutron star binaries galactic, 479 atoll sources, 393, 404–406, 409 IR emission, 216, 227–229 disk coupling, 402–406 bound–free, 227 Z sources, 393, 403–404, 409 Brackett lines, 228 from X-ray transients, 400–402 free–free, 227 high-energy emission, 406–409 He lines, 228 gamma-ray, 408–409 lifetimes, 2 micro-blazars, 409 neutron stars, see neutron stars particle acceleration, 409 optical emission, 216 X-ray, 406–408 Balmer lines, 228 inclination, 390–391 Hα lines, 222 infrared counterpart, 396 V/R variations, 223 ISM interactions, 409–410 variability, 223 minimum energy, 382 orbital period, 217, 222, 223, 627 polarization, 381 pulse period, 216, 217 circular, 391, 402 Roche lobe, see Roche lobe linear, 382, 402 spectra, 626 power, 395–396 supergiant systems, 216 radiative efficiency, 396 table of properties, 217, 627 precession, 390–391 transient, 534, see also X-ray transients properties of, 382–392 ultra-luminous X-ray sources, see ultra-luminous X-ray radio counterpart, 381, 393, 398 sources X-ray flux ratio, 398 UV emission, 216, 229–230 radio flares, 386, 404 X Per like, 216, 227 synchrotron bubble, 386, 392, 402 horizontal branch, see under Z sources, source states radio loudness, 406, 410 Hubble Space Telescope (HST), 169, 187, 230, 238, relativistic, 1, 21 243, 253, 310, 324, 345, 359, 366, 481, 491, 495, spectra, 382, 395–396 525 speed, 386–390, 468 hypernovae, 157 steady, 388, 394–398 vs. X-ray novae, 238 superluminal, 20 synchrotron emission, 381, 382 instabilities, see under accretion disk transient, 388 INTEGRAL, 152, 560 universality, 392 intermediate luminosity X-ray objects (IXOs), see vs. AGN jets, 388, 411 ultra-luminous X-ray sources vs. beaming, 602 intermediate polars, see under cataclysmic variables vs. GRBs, 411, see gamma-ray bursts, jets intermediate-mass X-ray binaries, 628–629, 642, 650 formation and evolution, 629 Keplerian orbits, see under accretion disk interstellar medium (ISM), see jets, ISM interactions Kerr geometry, see under black holes island state, see atoll sources, source states isolated neutron stars, 296, 302, 304, 307–312, 317, 549, Lagrange point, see Roche lobe, Lagrangian point 559 Lense–Thirring precession, see accretion disk, precession magnetars, see magnetars LIGO, 657–659 magnetospheric emission, 309 LISA, 205, 657, 658 optical counterpart, 310, 311 Lobster-ISS, 152 pulsars, see rotation-powered pulsarss low-mass X-ray binaries, 2, 168, 215, 230–259, 353, 355, radio counterparts, 309 358–360, 426, 623, 628 spectra, 304 accretion, see accretion power-law, 311 accretion disk, see accretion disk thermal, 309 and star formation, 501 table of, 309 angular momentum, see angular momentum variability, 311 atoll sources, see atoll sources

686 Subject index

low-mass X-ray binaries (cont.) magnetic braking, 2, 641 burst oscillations, see burst oscillations magnetic field decay, see under neutron stars; spin down companion star, see under companion star magnetosphere, see under neutron stars; black holes; dipping sources, 2, 31, 47, 82, 253, 427 accretion disk Eddington limit, see Eddington limit mass function, 160, 231, 236, 247, 498, 624, 653 evolution, 501 mass transfer, 2, 3, 24, 82, 157, 215, 421, 513 extragalactic, 492 events, 3 formation and evolution, 3, Ch. 16, 624, 650–655 stability, 643 illustration, 651 timescales, 643 galactic, 477, 479, 481 massive X-ray binaries, see high-mass X-ray binaries globular clusters, 495, see also globular cluster sources MAXI, 152 high inclination, 253–255 MAXIM, 205 high-luminosity systems, see Z sources merging, see under evolution IR emission, 251–253 microquasar, 255, 258, 541 lifetimes, 2 Milky Way, see Galaxy (Milky Way) low-luminosity, 360–362, see also atoll sources millisecond X-ray pulsars, 46, 114, 129, 139, 140, luminosity, 47, 241 250–251, 280, 293, 315, 332, 362–363, 405, 533, neutron stars, see neutron stars 625, 626, 630, 650, 654 optical emission, 230, 239–241, 247 formation, 652–653, 659 Balmer lines, 231, 364 spectra, 283 Hα, 232, 236 photon index, 283 He lines, 231 power-law, 283 superhumps, 239–241, 255 thermal, 302 orbital period, 215, 239, 253–255, 532, 624, 628 distribution of, 524 neutron stars, 115 long-period, 527 accretion short-period, 527 super-Eddington, 352 table of, 242 age, 302, 304–306 properties of, 230–231 determination, 301–306 quasi-periodic oscillations, see under X-ray variability Alfvénradius, 5, 13 Roche lobe, see Roche lobe angular momentum, see angular momentum special cases, 255–259 atmosphere, 299–301 spectra, 245–247 cooling, 121, 295–307, 661, see also under isolated table of properties, 627 neutron stars transients, see X-ray transients observation, 306–307 UV emission, 238–239 pulsations, 303–304 variability, 242, 628, see also X-ray variability superfluidity, 297–299, 307, 576 weak, 46, 60, 63, see also atoll sources theory, 296–301, 312 X-ray bursts, see X-ray burst sources Urca processes, 296, 297, 307 X-ray novae, see X-ray novae Coriolis force, 142 Z sources, see Z sources crust, 548, 557, 576, 661 Eddington limit, 354, 355, 532 MACHO, 223, 471 electric fields, vacuum, 285 Magellanic Clouds, 216, 218–221, 461, 548, 555, 572, 623 envelope, 299 magnetar candidates, Ch. 14 magnetic field, 299 anomalous X-ray pulsars (XRPs), see anomalous X-ray equation of state, 14, 27, 32, 39, 66, 72, 80, 97, 123, 125, pulsars 140, 141, 205, 295–297, 304, 307, 309, 310, 654 energy distribution, 552 gravitational redshift, 123–125, 301, 304, 310 galactic density, 559, 572 hot spots, 302, 310 IR counterparts, 568, 573–575 innermost stable circular orbit, 66, 67, 72, 125 table of, 575 isolated, 1, Ch. 7, 152, see also isolated neutron stars optical counterparts, 568, 573–575 luminosity, 28 table of, 575 magnetic field, 5, 12, 31, 251, 281, 557 pulse profiles, 561–563, 569–570 corotation, 286, 287 radio counterparts, 567, 573 dipole, 143, 279, 293, 299, 549, 563 soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs), see soft gamma-ray estimation, 14 repeaters high field, 92, 288 spectra, 560–561 low field, 74–83, 162 table of, 572 radial, 299 timing, 563–565, 570–571 rearrangement, 577 noise, 565 structure, 12 variability, 565–571 magnetic field evolution, 320, 321 magnetars, 5, Ch. 14, 280, 299 accretion, 14 model, 547, 548, 564, 575–580 decay, 575–577, 628, 659–661 burst mechanism, 577–578 magnetic moment, 577, 630 evolution, 578–579 magnetosphere, 7, 72, 281–296, 301, 302, 363, 508, torques, 579 548, 577, 579

Subject index 687

magnetospheric radius, see neutron stars, magnetosphere filling, 421, 469, 531, 539, 626 mass, 230, 307, 310, 653–655 Lagrangian point, 2, 3, 7, 165, 438, 442, 531, 639 determination, 23, 26, 30, 80, 123, 298 overflow, 47, 127, 165, 215, 216, 438, 470, 508 distribution of, 237 theory, 639–646 table of, 18 evolution, 644–646 mass–radius relation, 39, 140, 152, 297, 304, 310 ROSAT, 128, 268, 281, 292, 296, 309–311, 313, 314, 332, maximum mass, 45, 67, 160, 297, 498, 654 343, 345, 349, 350, 355, 360–364, 366, 425, 434, neutrino emission, 296, 297 441, 443, 461, 466, 467, 470, 475–478, 480, 481, opacity, Comptonization, 121 483, 487, 495, 499, 541 photospheric radius, 121, 129 rotation-powered pulsars, 279, 547 precession, 39 cyclotron resonance scattering, 302 radius, 119, 301, 302, 309 gamma-ray, 283 Rossy adjustment radius, 142 luminosity, 279 shearing, 133 magnetospheric emission, 281–295 source states, 49, 53–55 models, 285–293 table of, 83–84 outer-gap, 287, 290–292, 294 spherical symmetry, 141–143 polar-cap, 287–290, 294 spin, 14, 77, 89, 125, 128, 139, 141, 148, 279, 548, 555 two-pole caustic, 292–294 evolution, 659–661 P-P,˙ 279, 630 modulation, 130, 140–141 diagram, 631 spin-down, see spin-down polarization, 293–295 spin-up, see spin-up pulse profiles, 285 surface, 31, 40, 162, 285, 288, 291 radio, 5, 11, 215, 279, 281, 283, 293, 310, 343, 360, 362 temperature, 296, 301–306 death, 281, 309 vs. black holes, 45, 46, 61 evolution, 630 wind, 5, 287 spectra, 281, 283–285 nodal precession, see accretion disk, precession spin period, 279 normal branch, see under Z sources, source states synchrotron emission, see pulsar wind nebulae table of, 282, 308 OB stars, see under companion star wind, 314 OGLE, 223, 471 X-ray, see X-ray pulsars OSO-7, 341 RS CVn systems, 267, 271 RXTE, 16, 24, 27, 29, 40, 113, 122–124, 126, 129, 140, photon index, 179, 198 141, 143, 145, 147, 151, 157, 169, 175, 180, 183, photospheric radius, see under neutron stars 187, 192, 193, 200, 204, 205, 243, 250, 251, 253, polars, see under cataclysmic variables 281, 283, 349, 441, 442, 451, 541, 551, 555, 559, Poynting–Robertson effect, see under angular momentum 561, 563–566, 570 pulsar wind nebulae, 301, 314–331 and supernovae remnants, 318–321 SAS-3 X-ray Observatory, 342 Crab nebula, 323–326 Schwarzschild geometry, see under black holes evolution, 318–321 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), 434 gamma-ray counterparts, 330 soft gamma-ray repeaters, 1, Ch. 14, 550–559 luminosity, 317 anomalous X-ray pulsars, see anomalous X-ray pulsars optical emission, 315, 316 birthrate, 580 spectra, 316 bursts properties of, 315–318 giant flares, 555–557, 570 spectra, 321–323 intermediate, 557–558 photon index, 316 short duration, 550–553 power-law, 316 spectral properties, 553–555, 558–560 table of, 318, 319 Eddington limit, 550 The Duck, 328–329 history, 548–549 types luminosity, 550 jet/trail dominated, 317, 328–329 spectra, 548, 556, 557 mixed, 317 hard, 555, 558 torus plus weak jet, 317 thermal, 550 variability, 330 X-ray, 566 variability quasi-periodic oscillations, see under black hole quasi-periodic oscillations, 557 candidates; X-ray variability; cataclysmic vs. gamma-ray bursts, 558, 580 variables; X-ray bursts X-ray afterglow, 566–567, 570, 577 soft X-ray transients (SXTs), see X-ray transients, soft Rapid Burster, 82–83, 114, 346, 347, 349, 350, 362, 405, source states, 47–55, 75 552 atoll sources, see atoll sources, source states re-ionization, see under gamma-ray bursts, cosmology black holes, see black holes, source states recycled pulsar, see millisecond X-ray pulsars high and soft, 50, 179 RHESSI, 591 history of, 179–180 Roche lobe, 2, 223, 230, 232, 245, 369, 370 hysteresis, 52, see also under atoll sources; Z sources

688 Subject index

source states (cont.) rp-process, 117–119, 136, 148 low and hard, 50, 179 and superbursts, see superbursts, theory neutron stars, see neutron stars, source states carbon, 117, 148 steep power-law (SPL), see under black holes, source unstable regimes, 116 states hydrogen rich, 126 table of, 48 mixed H/He bursts, 118–119 thermal-dominant (TD), see source states, high and pure helium, 126 soft thermonuclear bursts, see X-ray bursts Z sources, see Z sources, source states thermonuclear flash, 28, 633, see also thermonuclear source types, 45 burning spin-down, 6–8, 132, 134, 309, 311, 547, 549, 560 Thorne–Zytkow object, 539 age, 279, 309, 314, 630 transients, see X-ray transients braking index, 304 Type I X-ray bursts, 31, see also X-ray bursts energy, 281, 286, 315, 362 Type Ia supernovae, 469, 517 rate, 562, 576 Type II X-ray bursts, 83, 93, 114, 217, 222, 223, 349, 350, torque, 549 552 spin-up, 6, 8, 12, 114, 250, 533, 625, 659 stellar evolution, 157, 630–638 U Gem stars, see under cataclysmic variables, dwarf novae Chandrasekhar limit, 633 Uhuru, 267, 341, 476 helium stars, 637–638 ultra-luminous X-ray sources, 47, 256, 354, 412, 471, 475, timescales, 634–635 481, 484, 486–492, 498, 535–544 SU UMa stars, see under cataclysmic variables, dwarf and intermediate mass black holes, 487, 535, 537, 542 novae birthrate, 537 super-Eddington sources, see ultra-luminous X-ray in early-type galaxies, 494–495 sources models, 537–542 super-luminous sources, see ultra-luminous X-ray sources optical counterpart, 491 super-soft X-ray sources, 1, Ch. 11, 259, 355, 412, 433, spectra, 486–487, 536 447, 476, 477, 483, 511, 625 super-soft emission, 489, 542–544 close binary (CBSS), 461, 468 variability, 486–487 donor, 469 quasi-periodic oscillations, 489 lightcurve, 466 Urca processes, see under neutron stars, cooling oscillations, 468 novae, 466–468 white dwarfs, Ch. 10, 11, 32, 47, 64, 94, 241, 259, 357, spectra, 461, 466 491, 550, 623 table of, 463 accreting, see cataclysmic variables timescales, 462–466 classical nova, 115 variability, 462–466 CO, 467, 470, 629, 630 VY Scl stars, 433 collapse, 447 superbursts, 29, 113, 117, 124, 141, 143–152, see also cooling, 648 under X-ray bursts corona, 431 accretion rate, 145 magnetic field, 422 burst suppression, 147 magnetic moment, 421 energetics, 147 magnetosphere, 422, 435–437, 439, 442, 508 oscillations, 148 mass, 426, 435, 635, 652 amplitude, 148 determination, 436, 443, 466 precursor events, 146 ONe, 467, 629, 630 recurrence times, 143, 145, 148 radius, 426, 461 spectra, 145–147 spin, 428, 432, 440, 441 blackbody, 147 surface nuclear burning, 462 signal to noise, 147 temperature, 466 theory, 148–151 time profile, 146–147 X-ray binaries, 2–3, Ch. 5, Ch. 13, 31, 40, 48, 64, 280 timescales, 145 accretion, see accretion superhumps, see under cataclysmic variables, dwarf novae binding energy, 345 supernovae remnants, 323, 326–328, 352, 355, 382, 476, eclipses, 236, 624, 626 477, 481, 483, 486, 548, 549, 571–572 ellipsoidal modulation, 234, 236, 243, 255 superoutbursts, see under cataclysmic variables, dwarf extragalactic, 475–486, 492–498 novae formation and evolution, Ch. 16, 157, 368–372 Swift, 147, 152, 588, 610 asymmetric supernovae, 625, 648–650 symbiotic binary, see under cataclysmic variables common envelope (CE), 526, 539, 550, 625, 638, synchrotron emission, 21 646–648 merger rates, 658–659 TENMA, 124 Galactic, 476 thermonuclear burning, 115–119, 267 in globular clusters, see globular clusters and X-ray bursts, see X-ray bursts inclination (i), 236 on neutron stars, 114 iron lines, 157, 176–178, 205 thin shell instability, 115 jets, 165, see also jets

Subject index 689

lightcurves, 169–179 recurrence times, 164 luminosity, 169–179 timescales, 231 magnetically active, 344, 360, 365–367 X-ray pulsars, 5, 30, 31, 116, 151, 231, 283, 343, 439 orbital periods, 18, 368, 533, 623 beam, 71 table of, 158 fast rotators, 6, 11–14 ultrashort, 346, 348, 370, 371 luminosity, 290, 292 orbital separation, 2 periods, 6 peculiar, 630 evolution, 6, 7 pulsars, 331–332 table of, 11 quasi-periodic oscillations, see under X-ray variability radio counterparts, 285 radio emission, 162 slow rotators, 6–7 jets, 162, 180, 186–190, 194, see also under jets spectra, 10, 11 spectra, 169–179 Planck-like, 302 table of, 632 table of, 219 temperature, 18 X-ray sources transients, see X-ray transients bursters, see X-ray bursts variability, 476 class I, see high-mass X-ray binaries vs. active galactic nuclei, 47, 195 class II, see low-mass X-ray binaries X-ray bursts, 1, Ch. 3, 11, 15, 28–31, 45, 46, 83, 168, 216, extragalactic, Ch. 12, 484–485 217, 222, 223, 231, 269, 271, 341, 350, 422, 524, elliptical, 492–498, 541 528, 531, 552, 628 evolution, 500–502 as standard candles, 122 globular clusters, see globular cluster sources blackbody, 121 luminosity function, see X-ray luminosity function burst oscillations, see burst oscillations M31, 476–480 distance determination, 29 M81, 480–481 Eddington limit, 28, 121 M83, 481–484 intervals, 30 M101, 481–484 luminosity, 121 S0, 492–498 photospheric radius expansion (PRE) bursts, 28, 117, table of, 494 121–124, 126, 129, 138, 141, 145 galactic distribution, 623 touchdown, 121 gamma-ray counterparts, 178, 180 recurrence times, 116, 126–128, 533 globular clusters, see globular cluster sources in superbursts, see superbursts, recurrence times high-mass X-ray binaries, see high-mass X-ray binaries spectra, 113, 114, 124–126 low-mass X-ray binaries, see low-mass X-ray binaries double peaks, 122, 170, 175 multi-wavelength correlations, 499–500 profiles, 121 optical counterparts, 16–20, 179 superbursts, see superbursts radio counterparts, 178, 194, 196, 491 suppression, see superbursts, burst suppression soft X-ray transients, see under X-ray transients thermonuclear flash model, 114, see also thermonuclear transients, see X-ray transients burning Type I, see high-mass X-ray binaries vs. observation, 118–121 Type II, see low-mass X-ray binaries timescales, 29, 113, 115, 133, 170 X-ray variability, see X-ray variability Type II X-ray bursts, see Type II X-ray bursts X-ray transients, 7, 14–16, 27, 31, 46, 114, 230, 347, 400, variability, millisecond, see burst oscillations 477 X-ray flashes, Ch. 6, 269, 593 fast (FXTs), see fast X-ray transients afterglows, 273 hard, 47 gamma-ray emission, 269 jets, see jets, from X-ray transients IR emission, 270 occurrence of, 523 models quiescence, 15, 47, 114, 128, 518 baryon loaded fireball, 275 soft, 381, 495, 512, 517–534, 541, 629–630, 638 off-axis jet, 275 long-period, 531–534 optical emission, 270, 274 post-minimum, 529 origins of, 273–275 short-period, 523–528 radio emission, 274 timescales, 267, 517, 629 spectra, 269 variability, 530 power-law, 270 X-ray novae, 162, 231, see also X-ray novae timescales, 270 X-ray variability, Ch. 2, 24–28, 168 vs. gamma-ray bursts, 272–273, 275, 276 amplitude, 95 X-ray luminosity function, 477, 484, 497–498, 537 chaos, 43, 96 source classification, 485–486 components, 55–60 star formation rate (SFR), 537 high frequency, 55–57 X-ray novae, 164, 179, 629 low frequency, 57, 81, 89–91 IR emission, 233 table of, 56 lightcurves, 231 table of symbols, 58 mass, 231 cross-coherence, 95, 199 optical emission, 233 cross-correlation function, 41 quiescence, 231–234 decoherence, 73

690 Subject index

X-ray variability (cont.) table of, 9 echo mapping, see echo mapping variable-frequency, 24 Fourier spectra, 32, 40–43 rapid, 1, 11, 64 frequency correlations, 60–64 root-mean-square (rms) variation, 42 BH relation, 62 shot noise, 43, 74, 89, 91 PBK relation, 63, 68 source states, see source states WK relation, 63 spectroscopy, 43–45 millisecond burst, 24, 39 timescales, 24, 41, 47 models, see accretion disk, models timing, 40, 42, 97, 168, 198, 205, 216 modulation, 73–74 twin peaks, 56, 80 noise, 41 XEUS, 152 band-limited, 41, 195 XMM-Newton, 22, 43, 113, 114, 124, 152, 177, 181, 281, ﬂat-topped, 41 283, 295, 304, 306, 311, 313, 323, 330, 332, 361, peaked, 41 366, 431, 443, 453, 461, 466, 470, 475–479, 486, power-law, 41, 91–92 487, 489, 500, 561 optical counterparts, 190 phase, 95 Z Cam stars, see under cataclysmic variables, dwarf novae power density spectra, 41, 183, 194, 195, 198 Z sources, 46, 49, 124, 127, 151, 253 quasi-periodic oscillations, Ch. 2, 8, 24–28, 40–42, 47, accretion, Eddington limit, 46, 82, 403 49, 157, 179, 183, 190, 196, 198–203, 446, 489 jets, see under jets, from neutron star binaries constant-frequency, 24 source states, 60 hectohertz, 57, 60, 81 branches, 53–54 high frequency, 162, 193, 194, 200–203, 205 hysteresis, 54 in bursts, see X-ray bursts X-ray variability kilohertz, 74–81, 129, 139, 200, 205, 250, 628, 654 horizontal branch quasi-periodic oscillations, 81, 90 low frequency, 162, 168, 198–199 models, 81 signal-to-noise, 42, 76 normal branch quasi-periodic oscillations, 82