^^Ir^1 `F COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE CORPORATION C Vol

W L ^^ir^1 `F COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE CORPORATION C Vol. 3, No . 7 March, 1969

The Plenipotentiary Conference on Definitive Arrange- State. Approximately 400 delegates from 63 of the 68 ments for INTELSAT opened on February 24 in the INTELSAT nations and 28 non-member observers at- International Conference Hall of the Department of tended the conference which closed March 21.

About 400 Delegates , Observers Launch Planned for April The fourth satellite in the Attend I NT ELSAT Conference INTELSAT III series is now Approximately 400 delegates from 63 of the 68 countries comprising planned for launch some-time INTELSAT, and 28 non-member observers, including the United Nations in April. It is intended for and the International Telecommunication Union assembled on February positioning over the Atlan- 24 in the International Conference Hall of the United States Department tic Ocean where it will aug- of State to open the INTELSAT Conference. ment the first Atlantic IN- Officially designated as the Plenipotentiary Conference on Definitive TELSAT III. Arrangements for the Internation- al Telecommunications Satellite Elliot L. Richardson, Acting Secre- the Conference by acclamation. Consortium (INTELSAT), the tary of State, who served as pro This was followed by the elec- Conference closed March 21. tem chairman of the Conference. tion of four vice chairmen: Venezuela: Jose Soriano, Minis- The Conference on Definitive In concluding his introductory try of Communications, Vice Chair- Arrangements was convened in ac- remarks, Mr. Richardson said: man for the South American Reg- cordance with provisions of the In- "On behalf of President Nixon ion. ternational Agreements for Interim (who is in Europe), Secretary of The Netherlands: A. F. K. Har- Arrangements opened for signature State Rogers and the American togh, Director General for Euro- in Washington , D.C. on August 20, people, I wish you a most success- pean Affairs, Department of 1964. ful and productive conference. We shall be watching your work with Foreign Affairs, Vice Chairman for Among the 22 observer nations deep interest, and you can count the European Region. are: Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Cam- on our full cooperation and sup- Algeria: Abdul Kader Biairi, eroon, Czechoslovakia, Finland, port." Ministry of Posts, Telephones and Hungary, Liberia, Maldive Islands, Telegraphs, Vice Chairman for the Mauritania, Paraguay, Poland, Election of Officers African Mideast Region. Senegal, the Soviet Union, Yugo- Leonard H. Marks, U.S. Ambas- India: L. C. Jain, Secretary, Min- slavia and Zambia. sador to the INTELSAT Confer- istry of Communications, Vice The Conference was opened by ence, was then elected chairman of (Continued on Page 2) IN T ELSAT membership has grown to include 68 nations of the world. The first of the two interrelated United States INTELSAT agreements is an agreement among governments ex- Delegation pressing objectives to which all of The Chairman of the IN the signatories are committed, as TELSAT Conference is th well as defining the structural Honorable Leonard H. Mark: framework of the organization. It U.S. Ambassador to the Cor states the goal of creating a single ference. global commercial communications Mr. Marks is also Chairma satellite system, establishes a gov- of the U.S. Delegation to th erning body, the Interim Communi- Conference which is corr cations Satellite Committee, and prised of the following alter designates the Communications nate representatives: Satellite Corporation as the man- Frank E. Loy (Vice Chair ager for INTELSAT. man), Deputy Assistant Sec retary of State for Economi The second agreement, the Spe- Affairs, Department of State cial Agreement, deals with the fi- James McCormack (Vic nancial and operating aspects of Chairman), Chairman an INTELSAT, including such matters Chief Executive Officer, th as the sharing of costs and reve- Leonard H. Marks, U.S. Ambassa- Communications Satellite Cot nues, establishment of charges for dor to the INTELSAT Conference, poration. the use of INTELSAT satellites, was elected chairman of the Con- Ward P. Allen, Deputy A: procurement policies and proced- ference by acclamation. sistant Secretary of State fo ures, rights and inventions and International Organization Al technical data, and numerous pro- From Page 1 fairs, Department of State. visions spelling out particular func- John A. Johnson, Vice Pres tions and duties of the governing ident, International, the Corr body and the manager. Conference munications Satellite Corpora: Chairman for the Asia-Pacific The special agreement may be tion. Region. signed either by a government The Honorable Rosel F The Credentials Committee con- which is a party to the inter-gov- Hyde, Chairman, F e d e r a sists of the delegates from Ireland, ernmental agreement or, in recog- Communications Commission Norway, Panama, The Philippines nition of the diversity of national William K. Miller, Director and Turkey. economic systems, by a public or Office of Telecommunication: The Editorial Committee con- private telecommunications entity Bureau of Economic Affairs sists of the delegates from Colom- designated by such a government. Department of State. bia, France, Belgium, Spain, the James D. O'Connell, Dire( The United States Government United Kingdom and the United tor of Telecommunication signed the inter-governmental States. Management, Executive Offic agreement with other governments. On Tuesday, February 25, the of the President. conference divided into four work- (Continued on Page 3) ing committees, each of which elected its own chairman and vice chairman. These committees meet in virtually daily sessions, conven- ing in plenary (full or general) sessions as needed. The Conference Chairman, the four Vice Chairmen and the chairmen of all conference committees comprise the Conference Steering Committee. The International Agreements INTELSAT was brought into being on August 20, 1964, when two interrelated agreements were signed by 14 countries, and their designated entities. Since that time,

COMSAT News is published for employees of the Communications Satel- lite Corporation by the Office of In- 29 formation , the COMSAT Building, 950 L'F.ufant Plaza South, S.W.. Washing- Listening to the opening day remarks at the INTELSAT Conference ton. D.C. 20024. Dr. Joseph V. Claryk, COMSAT President , right, and George P. Samp: Director of Infonnation: Matthew Gordon Vice President-Operations . Other COMSAT executives also atten Acting Editor : James L. McKenna this and other sessions. COMSAT NEWS- March, 1969 Page 3

From Page 2 Working Committees I NT ELSAT COMMITTEE I tions, including definitions, COMSAT serves as the designated Chairman: His Excellency legal status, entry into force, entity of the United States, and Eduardo Alejandro Roca, Ar- duration, amendment, with- thus represents the United States gentina. drawal, settlement of disputes. in INTELSAT under the Special Vice Chairman: 0. H. Mo- COMMITTEE HI Agreement. hammad, Pakistan. Chairman: Harold White, Definitive Arrangements Structure and functions of INTELSAT consortium, with Australia. The name of the governing body particular regard to questions Vice Chairman: A. R. K. al- of INTELSAT, the Interim Com- of membership, scope of serv- Ghuneim, Kuwait. munications Satellite Committee, ices, organizational structure Financial Arrangements. reflects the interim character of including structure of major COMMITTEE IV the International Agreements organs, their functions and Chairman: His Excellency which were negotiated in 1964. voting. Adolfo Alessandrini, Italy. Given the rapidity with which C03131ITTEE H Vice Chairman: A. A. Bo- space communications technology Chairman: Motoo Ogiso, dede, Nigeria. was developing, and recognizing Japan. Other operational arrange- the impossibility of foreseeing all Vice Chairman: Prof. Carlos ments, including procurement., of the factors which ought to be Alberto Dunshee de Abranch- policy, inventions and data, taken into account in establishing es, Brazil. technical and operational mat- long term arrangements in such an Legal and procedural ques- ters. unprecedented field, it was thought best to establish a set of international agreements which would be renegotiated in approximately five years. Actions of the Interim Committee The inter-governmental agree- The Interim Communications Satellite Committee (ICSC) held its ment accordingly provides that not thirty-seventh meeting from January 27 to January 31 in Washington, later than January 1, 1969, the D.C., with John A. Johnson of the United States as Chairman and Carlos Interim Communications Satellite Nunez of Mexico as Vice-Chairman. Committee shall render a report At the time of the thirty-seventh meeting, INTELSAT membership containing recommendations con- remained at sixty-three. Jamaica, Nicaragua, South Vietnam and Luxem- cerning the Definitive Arrange- bourg acceded to the Agreements in February after the thirty-seventh ments for an international global meeting, followed by Guatamala in early March. system which shall supersede the • The Committee authorized COSMAT, as Manager, to executive, on interim arrangements now in be- behalf of INTELSAT, a contrac- ing. tual arrangement with TRW Sys- Atlas Centaur vehicles for the IN- The Committee distributed such tems, Inc., for procurement of an TELSAT IV program. a report to the members of IN- additional spacecraft in the IN- • The Committee authorized TELSAT on December 31, 1968. TELSAT III series, the F-7, at a COMSAT to amend the allotment price of $3,800,000. agreements with the United King- It was further stated in the • At its thirty-sixth meeting, dom Postmaster General, the Over- inter-governmental agreement, that the Committee authorized COM- seas Telecommunications Commis- within three months following sub- SAT to proceed with a study con- sion (Australia), the Spanish Gov- mission of the Committee's report tract concerning the possible use ernment, and with COMSAT, as on Definitive Arrangements, the of the Titan IIIB Agena to launch the U.S. signatory, for the com- Government of the United States INTELSAT IV satellites from the munication requirements of NASA of America must convene an inter- Eastern Test Range. As a result of to permit the use of the INTEL- national conference for the purpose this decision, COMSAT requested SAT III satellites for the NAS- of considering the report. the United States' National Aero- COM service. The INTELSAT Conference nautics and Space Administration • During previous meetings, the which began February 24 fulfills (NASA) to move ahead with the Committee had authorized COM- this commitment. study at a cost to INTELSAT of SAT, as Manager, to pay the sum The present agreement provides about $400,000. of $1,015,650 to TRW Systems, also that each of its parties "shall During the thirty-seventh meet- Inc., in connection with certain en- seek to ensure that the Definitive ing, COMSAT presented the results gineering, changes in the INTEL- Arrangements will be established of its analysis with respect to the SAT III spacecraft. At its thirty- at the earliest practicable date, choice of the Atlas Centaur or seventh meeting, the Committee with a view toward entry into force Titan IIIBAgena launch vehicles authorized COMSAT to pay TRW by January 1, 1970." for the INTELSAT IV program. the additional sum of $191,198 in The present International Agree- Following discussion of this analy- connection with these changes. ments for Interim Arrangements, sis, the Committee authorized • The Committee approved ap- however, remain in effect until COMSAT, as Manager, to com- plications from India, Iran, and superseded by Definitive Arrange- mence negotiations with NASA for Peru for access by a standard earth From Page 3 /CSC Meeting station in each country to the INTELSAT I, II, and III satellites. The Indian station will be located at Arvi, India; the Iranian station at Asadabad, Iran; and the Peru- vian station at Lurin, Peru. The Committee also approved applications from Australia, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States for access by the Approximately 70 delegates from the INTELSAT Conference visited non-standard stations involved in Delta and Apollo launch facilities at Cape Kennedy. Above, in the lane the NASCOM service to the IN- TELSAT III satellites, with the control room, the delegates are given a briefing by NASA's John F about the steps involved in a typical launch. understanding that, if it should ap- pear that additional requirements of standard stations cannot be sat- Other Delegates Visit Goddard isfied because of the use of satellite capacity by the non-standard antennas, the Committee will be ad- Delegates to INTELSAT Conferenc( vised promptly. Another non-standard station, to Visit Launch Facilities at Kennedy be located aboard a ship in the More than 70 delegates from the On the same day, more tY. Atlantic Ocean, was approved by INTELSAT nations, and represent- 150 other delegates and observ, the Committee for access to the atives from observer nations to the visited the Goddard Space Flit INTELSAT III (F-2) satellite, INTELSAT Conference on Defini- Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, upon the request of COMSAT, as tive Arrangements in Washington, a tour and briefing on this facil the United States signatory, on the D.C. visited the Delta and Saturn which coordinates NASA's wor condition that it will be used only launch facilities at Cape Kennedy, wide tracking and communicatic for television video and audio Florida, on February 28, and were system in support of the Appo transmission of the Apollo 9 mis- briefed by NASA and COMSAT program. sion. officials. The INTELSAT satellites • The Committee adopted a pro- The Long Tank Delta that will playing an important role in t cedure for the distribution of IN- be used to launch the second At- NASA communications system TELSAT technical data to signa- lantic INTELSAT III satellite on support of the Apollo mission, a tories to the Special Agreement. or after March 19 was in place, as in distributing telecasts from t COMSAT, as Manager, is prepar- was the Saturn vehicle which spacecraft and the splashdo• ing a Data Handbook which will launched the Apollo 9 spacecraft areas to countries around t cumulatively list documents con- on March 3. world. taining technical data which have The delegates flew to the Cape Communications Support arisen directly out of or have been by charter plane on February 27 The INTELSAT III satellite used in work performed at INTEL- as guests of the United State De- synchronous equatorial orbit m SAT expense. COMSAT will dis- partment of State, NASA and the Pacific (launched February tribute copies of the Data Hand- COMSAT. They returned to Wash- and the INTELSAT II over t book and its quarterly supplements ington the following evening. Atlantic (launched March 22, 19E to all signatories. Procedures are play a key role in the communii provided for distribution of various proval, on the staff of COMSAT as tions system established in supp< categories of data listed, upon re- Manager. of the Apollo program. quest by individual signatories. • The thirty-eighth meeting of As the Apollo 9 spacecn • The Committee decided to ap- the Committee is scheduled to be- orbited the earth, voice and dE prove extensions of the assign- gin on April 16, 1969, in Washing- communications were transmitt ments of Messrs. Shimasaki and ton, D.C. The thirty-ninth meeting to earth stations or ships at s, Kawakami of Japan, Mr. Mathie- is scheduled to begin on June 25 In the Pacific area, earth static sen of Denmark, and Mr. Blachier in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. at Carnarvon and Canberra, Ai of France to the COMSAT Techni- Represented at this meeting tralia, or two ships in the Paci cal staff. The Committee also ap- were: The Arab Group; Argentina; Ocean received communicatic proved a one-year assignment for Asia Pacific Group; Australia; Bel- from the spacecraft and relay Mr. Kappelin of Sweden to the gium-Netherlands; Brazil; Can- them via the Pacific INTELSE COMSAT Operations staff, and for ada; Denmark: Norway,, Sweden; III satellite through the COMSA Mr. Bos of The Netherlands to the Francei'Monaco; Germany; Italy/ operated earth station at Jami COMSAT Technical staff. These Vatican City; Japan; Mexico; burg, California, to NASA's Gc actions by the Committee bring to Spain i' Portugal ; Switzerland /Aus- dard Space Flight Center in Gree 25 the number of signatories' nom- tria 'Liechtenstein; United King- belt, Maryland and then to Missi inees who are working or have dom'Ireland; United States; and Control at Houston. worked, with the Committee's ap- Venezuela/Colombia/Chile. (Continued on Page 5) Page 5 From Page 4 Visit Facilities In the Atlantic area, voice and data communications from the spacecraft were received by earth stations on Ascension and Grand Canary Islands or a ship in the Atlantic Ocean and relayed via the Atlantic INTELSAT II satellite through the COMSAT-operated earth station facilities at Andover, Maine, to Goddard and then Mis- sion Control in Houston. TV from Apollo 9 Spacecraft There were two telecasts from the spacecraft during the Apollo 9 mission. A seven minute transmission took place during a pass Delegates view the Apollo 9 as over a Merritt Island, Florida, sta- In the Vertical Assembly Building it stands beside its gantry for the tion and a 10 minute telecast took INTELSAT delegates are briefed March 3 launch from Pad 39A. place during a pass over Goldstone, on the Apollo 10 and 11 spacecrafts. California, and Merritt Island stations. These telecasts went from the capsule through these stations to Goddard and then to Mission Control in Houston. The telecasts were also distributed to home television viewers in the Pacific area through the COMSAT-operated earth station at Jamesburg, California and the Pacific INTELSAT III satellite; and to countries in the Atlantic area through the COMSAT-operated earth station at Etam, West Virginia, via the Atlantic INTEL- SAT III satellite. TV of Splashdown The splashdown of the Apollo 9 in the Atlantic was also televised widely. An antenna on board the carrier Guadalcanal transmitted video of the splashdown via the Dr. Charyk briefs the delegates on the INTELSAT III satellites . Standing NASA ATS-3 satellite through the next to him is a prototype of the satellite. Rosman, North Carolina station to New York City. From there, the telecast was distributed throughout the United States and transmitted through the Etam, West Virginia station via the Atlantic INTELSAT III satellite to countries in the Atlantic area. The splashdown also was transmitted through the Jamesburg, California station via the Pacific INTELSAT III satellite to countries in the Pacific area. The satellites in the evolving global communications satellite system are owned by INTELSAT. COMSAT represents the United States in INTELSAT, and acts as manager for the consortium. NASA launches the INTELSAT satellites for COMSAT on behalf Delegates walk past Rascal rocket in the Aerospace Museum at Cape of INTELSAT. Kennedy. rage o (_UMZ)AI INtWJ March, Pig

motor fuel has been expended, t Next Launch Planned for April; weight is 322 pounds. The body of the INTELSAT Pacific I NT ELSAT Ill Begins Service satellite is a cylinder 41 inches t and 56 inches in diameter. On t Two satellites in the INTELSAT of this cylinder is the antenna s, III series are now in commercial tem which, combined with t service-one over the Atlantic height of the body, gives the spas Ocean and one over the Pacific- craft an overall height of 78 inch and another launch is planned for Major subsystems or operati sometime in April. components in the INTELSAT Providing 1,200 telephone cir- are: cuits, each of the new satellites Antennas-A directional co nearly triples satellite capacity munications;'omnidirectional to over the Atlantic and Pacific. The next satellite, the fourth in metry and command anteni the series, is intended for a position mounted on top of the structu enables the satellite to receive a over the Atlantic Ocean where it transmit signals. The antenna will augment the first Atlantic IN- mechanically despun. As the sat TELSAT III which was launched lite spins clockwise, the anten on December 18 and which began spins counter-clockwise at precis( commercial service on Christmas Eve. the same speed. This keeps the tenna always pointed toward t The INTELSAT III which was earth in the proper communicatic launched on February 5 began position. commercial service over the Pacific Ocean on February 24. Communications Two repeat( A fifth satellite in the series is (transponders) receive, process a planned for launch later this spring transmit many different kinds for a position over the Indian signals simultaneously. The off, Ocean where it will work with tive radiated power from the sat earth stations in that region, es- lite is more than 22 dbNV. Ea tablishing the full global coverage INTELSAT III has a design ( contemplated for the past several pacity of 1,200 two-way voice chi years. nels or four television channc The first satellite in the INTEL- They provide expanded capabil SAT III series was lost when the for simultaneous communicatic launch failed last September 18. between several earth stations. After a review of the launch fail- Orientation -Earth sensors a ure and corrective efforts on the electronic equipment are used Long Tank Delta vehicles, NASA measure the attitude, and the cc released the vehicles for further trol station fires small thrusters launches. keep the satellite properly align NASA is being reimbursed about with the earth. The INTELSAT III (Pacific) was $5 million for each of the INTEL- Electric Power-10,720 s o 1. successfully launched from Cape SAT III launches by COMSAT, as cells, mounted on the outside of t Kennedy's Complex 17 on Febru- manager for the international con- satellite, convert sunlight into eli sortium. The satellites themselves ary 5. trical energy for operating t cost approximately $6.7 million mechanically despun antenna to the equipment. More than 130 watts each. earth stations equipped with tele- power are supplied to the satell metry and command ground equip- for operating the various electric Satellite Characteristics ment. Information concerning spin and electronic components. The INTELSAT III satellites are rate of the satellite, the spin rate synchronous altitude, the satell designed to receive transmissions of its antenna and whether the is in sunlight most of t in the 5,920 to 6.420 megahertz spacecraft is properly oriented to- time. During the spring and fi band (up-link) and t o transmit ward the earth is received by the however, there are 45-day peric back to earth in the 3,695 to 4,195 earth station and transmitted to during which each satellite is megahertz band (down-link). the Control Center in Washington, and out of the earth's shadow. Di (Megahertz means millions of cy- where engineers evaluate the data ing these periods, the required el. cles per second.) with the aid of computers and re- trical energy is provided by a b A satellite command subsystem lay necessary commands back to tery which is recharged by t is used to signal ignition of the satellite through the telemetry solar cells when the satellite the apogee motor and to control and command earth station. enters the sunlight. the satellite during its lifetime. Each INTELSAT III satellite Apogee Motor-A large, centr Each satellite has two com- has been designed for a minimum ly mounted solid propellant mol mand and telemetry sets, one for life of five years in orbit, 22,300 supplies additional velocity neec each communications repeater. The miles over the equator. At launch, (6,060 feet per second) to thri telemetry sends information each satellite weighs 632 the satellite into synchronous c through the omni-directional or pounds. In orbit, after the apogee cular orbit. COMSAT NEWS-March, 1969 Page 7 Peterson Elected COMSAT Director Lions Club Visits Rudolph A. Peterson, President of Bank of America, has been elected to the Board of Directors of COMSAT to fill the vacancy created when Paumal u Station David M. Kennedy resigned to become Secretary of the Treasury. Mr. Peterson was elected to the vacancy by the Series I (public) Di- By Liz Coleman rectors of COMSAT to serve until the Annual Shareholders Meeting on May 13, at which time he will be The Paumalu station hosted the proposed for election to a full one- Koolauloa Lions Club recently. The year term with other Directors of Club is composed of civic-minded COMSAT. businessmen, professional people, With the election of Mr. Peter- and others from the neighboring son, COMSAT has two Series I Di- rectors from the West Coast. The Sunset Beach Kahuku area, who other is George L. Killion of San are interested in serving the com- Francisco, Vice-C h a i r m a n of munity. The 20 members were Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, who has taken on a tour of the station by served on the COMSAT Board Dan Geer, Assistant Station Man- since 1963 and was one of the In- ager, and John Gray, Electronics corporators of the Corporation. Mr. Peterson, 64, was born in Engineer. Gleen Vinquist, Station Svenljunga, Sweden, and came to Manager, presented a short talk on the United States as a child. He the function of the Paumalu Sta- graduated from the University of tion. California in 1925. Dennis Cooper, Senior Techni- Financial Background cian, and a member of the Lions He joined the Commercial Cred- Club, was the unofficial host for it Corporation in 1925, as a field the evening, and he saw to it that representative, advancing to Divi- sion Operations Manager in Chi- coffee and doughnuts were served cago. In 1936 he joined Bank of Mr. Peterson to his fellow club members. America as District Manager in Fresno, California. From 1946 un- New Staffers Director of Bank of America, as til 1952 he served as President of The latest personnel addition to Allied Building Credits, then joined well as of the following: Associa- the Paumalu Facilities team is Cas- Transamerica Corporation as a tion of Reserve City Bankers, tor Corpuz, who joined the station Vice President in charge of all its Banca d'America e d'Italia, Bank banking interests in five Western of America (International), Bam- on January 27 as Painter-Utility- states. erical International Financial Cor- man. Castor, a native of the is- He served as Executive Vice poration, Societe Financiere Euro- lands, recently retired from the President and then as President of Army after 22 years. the Bank of Hawaii from 1955-61. peene, California State Chamber of In 1961, he was elected Vice-Chair- Commerce, Dillingham Corpora- We offer congratulations to Ken tion, Fireman's Fund Insurance man of the Board of Bank of Elder, Dick Coleman and Freeman Company, F. A. Liquidating Corp. America, advancing to President in Pryor who have recently obtained 1963. (formerly The Fund American their second class radio licenses. Mr. Peterson also serves as a Companies), International Execu- tive Service Corporations, San Because everyone at Paumalu is Francisco Opera Association, Stock recovering from hospital stays, or Exchange Club and the National Park Foundation. the flu, or "Polynesian Paralysis," Credit Union the past month produced very few He is President of the San Fran- social functions. Meeting cisco Clearing House Association, and is a Trustee of California The annual meeting of Alumni Foundation, California In- mittee on Foreign Assistance Pro- shareholders of the COMSAT stitute of Technology, Committee gram. Federal Credit Union will be for Economic Development, Coun- held on Thursday, March 27, cil for Latin America, National He holds honorary degrees from beginning at 5:00 p.m. in the Industrial Conference Board (Fi- the University of Redlands and the Auditorium, on the fourth nance Committee), San Francisco University of California. In 1965 floor of the COMSAT Build- Museum of Art, Asia Foundation, he was named "Swedish-American ing. The agenda includes a re- and the International Chamber of port on operations during Commerce (Vice Chairman). of the Year" and in 1968 he was 1968 and the elections of named "Man of the Year" by the Board of Directors, Supervi- Alumnus of the Year California Consulting Engineers sory Committee, and a Credit He also serves on numerous ad- Association of California and Uni- Committee. visory committees, including the versity of California "Alumnus of President's General Advisory Com- the Year." Page 8 COMSAT NEWS-March, I

Delegates from 20 countries attended an Operations discuss plans for handling the increasing amour Representatives Conference in Washington , D.C., to satellite communications in the Atlantic region. News of People Earth Station Representatives Conf At Headquarters On Satellite Communications Plan: By Judy Tomlin Delegates representing 20 coun- commercial satellites serving tries met in Washington, D.C., at a Atlantic area, and nine count Now that Valentine's Day is over Operations Representatives Con- where stations either are acti, and all the women have gained an ference on Feb. 18 to 21 to discuss under construction or will be k extra 5 pounds, we can all get plans for handling the growing soon. A new station in Brazil v back to the old routine of cottage volume of satellite communications into operation during the weel cheese and crackers, skim milk in the Atlantic region. the conference. and apples for lunch. The conference was attended by The purpose of the meeting Ed Istvan, special assistant to Operations Representatives from to resolve operational matters E the Chairman and the President, countries in Africa, Europe, Latin ing with the advent of the was the donor of a lovely box of America, the Mid-East and North INTELSAT III satellites, and Valentine candy for all the secre- America. Delegates were present overall rapid growth of inter taries on the eighth floor. from 11 countries which now have tional satellite communicate, Judy Coffee, Technical Library, earth stations operating through Discussions centered on ag participated in a remedial reading ments to insure continuity of si program for the Committee on ice in the event of a satellite 4 Community Improvement Sunday, practice twice a week and games age; methods of coordinating in February 16, on Radio WOL. This each Saturday. national television; demand ass was sponsored by the United Plan- ment systems; considerations ning Organization, Volunteers Mimi Lavery was married to Ar- the next generation of INTEL: Against Poverty. thur Smith on Saturday , February IV satellites, which are expec 8. They were headed for a New to be operational in early 1971; Congratulations to Mr. and Mrs. England honeymoon , but due to planning relating to insuring of John F. Welch who are parents of excessive snow were unable to go tive management of the glc a baby girl, Margaret Taylor further than New York City. Well, communications satellite systen Welch, born January 21 at Alex- here is one consolation: they could Represented at the meeting -vi andria Hospital. She weighed 7 have gone to Florida and had rain Argentina, Ascension Island (C^ pounds, 4 1,,, , ounces. for a week. & Wireless, Ltd.), Brazil, Cam Joan Wright, Travel Office, is Speaking of going South, Frances Chile, Colombia, France, Germs coach for a midget girls basketball Baxter is planning a trip to Puerto Greece, Italy, Lebanon, and Mi team of fourth and fifth graders at Rico in the near future . Beautiful co. Also, Nigeria, Panama It Saint Bartholomew Parish. She weather there is almost a cer- Peru, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Uni serves on a voluntary basis, with tainty. Kingdom. and the United State: COMSAT NEWS-March, 1969 Page 9

News and Notes From Etam By Deloris Goodwin & Dolores Buckley The Etam Employees Associa- tion started the new year with an Old Fashioned Homemade Ice Cream Party on Sunday, February 16. It was a very successful event, with a great many staffers attending. John DeCaro, Headquarters, was at the station on Friday, February 14, to instruct the administrative personnel in the new procedure for sending time sheet information on the teletype to the payroll office in I Washington. Dr. Charyk receives the Pacific Service Group Achievement Award Safety Engineer presented by NASA's Dr. Thomas 0. Paine. The award was "in recogni- The Corporation's new Safety tion of the exceptional support given by communications organizations all Engineer, Robert Mowery, visited around the world to the Apollo 8 mission." the station on Wednesday and Thursday, February 12 and 13. It was his first visit to an earth station. The employees at Etam are COMSAT Reports Gain very happy that the Corporation has gotten a person qualified to help us with safety problems. In Earnings During 1968 Some changes in personnel have occurred during this month. Con- COMSAT's net income for 1968 increased to $6,841,000 or 68 cents per gratulations are due William share from $4,638,000 or 46 cents per share for 1967. The improvement Adams and Phil Harris. William resulted primarily from a net operating income of $988,000 realized in Adams has been promoted from 1968 in contrast with a net operating loss of $642,000 incurred in 1967 Utility Mechanic to Facilities Me- after transfers to Satellite System Development Costs. chanic and Phil Harris has been The 10 percent Federal income tax surcharge which became effective transferred from this station to an January 1 , 1968, reduced earnings the commencement of full com- exempt position at the Field Sup- for the year by $514, 000, the mercial operations on May 1, 1967, port Depot in Washington. equivalent of 5 cents per share. the Corporation discontinued the We had the pleasure of having As a result of the continually practice of capitalizing such costs at the station for a short time Jose growing use of the system and the and began amortizing them. De- Negron, a Puerto Rican technician availability of four satellites preciation charges were temporar- from Cayey, and J. P. LaGadec of throughout 1968, operating reve- ily lower in 1968 primarily because the Pleumeur Bodou earth station. nues of $30,495,000 for the year the Early Bird satellite which was Negron and LaGadec acted as in- were $12,031,000 more than the still in service became fully depre- terpreters during lineups with the $18,464,000 for 1967 when only one ciated during 1967. Spanish and French earth stations. satellite was in operation through- Other income, consisting of in- Pakistanian Visitors out the year, the other three hav- terest from temporary cash invest- Visitors from Pakistan recently ing commenced commercial opera- ments (net of Federal income were Messrs. Shaikh and Husain, tion at intervals during 1967. At taxes) and interest during con- accompanied by Carl Johnson of December 31, 1968, COMSAT was struction, was $5,853,000 in 1968 Headquarters. Also, John Glenn leasing on a full-time basis the compared to $5,280,000 in 1967. (not the astronaut) and John Nel- equivalent of 941 half circuits or The increase of $573,000 is attri- son, Charleston District AT&T; P. 224 more than the 717 that were butable to interest during construc- F. Faris and Jim Monigle, AT&T being leased a year earlier. The tion, which resulted from a sub- Washington; Ted Garrett, WECO INTELSAT III satellite that was stantial increase in property addi- Engineer, Cocklivilles, and Mrs. launched over the Atlantic on De- tions during 1968. Mellings (C&P Telephone Co. pho- cember 18, 1968, as a replacement At December 31, 1968, the tographer from Charleston) also for Early Bird did not commence Corporation held approximately visited in January. Mrs. Mellings regular commercial service until $133,000,000 in investments with took some photographs of Etam January 1969. an effective annual yield of approx- and wrote a very interesting pic- Operating expenses for 1968 imately 6.0 percent. The portfolio torial article "A Visit to Etam," were $29,507,000 compared to was composed primarily of Federal which appeared in the February 7 $19,106,000 for 1967 after the capi- a g e n c y obligations, negotiable issue of the Mountain Lines, the talization of $2,293,000 as Satellite certificates of deposit and commer- C&P Telephone Co. nevvsnnnor fivcfom TlnvplnnmPnt (`nett With ninl nnnn.• -March, 1969 Page 10 COMSAT NEWS The Cayey Dedication

Here are photos of the Cayey, Puerto Rico, earth station dedication held in late January. The dedication story was in the February issue of COMSAT NEWS. A summary of that story follows: The station complex, dominated by a 97-foot diameter antenna standing taller than a 10-story building, is located about 35 miles south of San Juan. Making the trip to the station for the ceremonies were representatives from all of the island's major newspapers, television and radio commentators, and 200 invited guests and 800 visitors from the San Juan, Caguas, Cayey area. Among those attending the ceremonies were James McCormack, COM- SAT Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Joseph V. Charyk, President; Bertram B. Tower, Vice-Chairman of ITT-All America Cables and Radio Inc.; Howard R. Hawkins, President of RCA Global Communications, Inc.; Robert Conn, Vice President of Western Union International Inc.; House Speaker Angel Viera Martinez and Asher Ende of the FCC. Significant Step Gov. Luis A. Ferre, in his dedication address, hailed the Cayey station as a significant step in the swift progress under which Puerto Ricans are living today. The Governor said the new Cayey state and the Cornell University radio-telescope in Arecibo places Puerto Rico in a "unique position in the communications and astronomy fields." "It is an adventure that we are living today. This station is also the symbol of the world of tomorrow, a world of peace," Gov. Ferre said. Gov. Luis A. Ferre places a phone Larry Covert, station manager, served as master of ceremonies. call to Washington. COMSAT NEWS-March, 1969 Page I!

EARTH STATION FOR SATELLITE COMMUNIC

Larry Covert, station manager. Discussing what the new earth station means to Puerto Rico , from left: Gov. Ferre; Mrs. Angel Viera Martinez; Mr. Martinez, Puerto Rico-House Speaker; Howard Hawkins, President, RCA Global Communications, and Dr. Joseph Charyk, COMSAT President.

Communications' officials attending included, from left: Souvenirs for the visitors include balloons and pins. Chairman James McCormack , COMSAT ; Howard Haw- kins, President , RCA Global Communications ; Robert Conn , Vice President, Western Union International; Bertram Tower, Vice Chairman, ITT-All America Cables and Radio , and Dr. Joseph Charyk, President, COMSAT.

A business conversation between A Puerto Rico high school band , in native dress and playing traditional COMSAT' s Chairman and the Gov- Pnartn Page 12 COMSAT NEWS-March, I 40 Percent Reduction TV Rates Lowered In Pacific Region COMSAT has reduced its rates by about 40 percent-and eliminated extra charges for color-for television service via satellites in the Pacific area, effective February 24. The application filed with the Federal Communications Commission for Pacific area service follows comparable rate cuts for TV service via satellites in the Atlantic area, which were put into effect Febru- -Old: $1,100 and $30 for black- and-white, and $1,375 and $37.50 ary 1. Transoceanic TV program- for color. ming is expected to about double The filing modified and expanded as a result of the lower rates, and COMSAT's existing TV service by provide at least the same revenue setting conditions and rates for a as was produced under previous rates. television service package consisting of a one-way video channel, a The successful orbital emplace- choice of audio channels and, if de- ment of advanced INTELSAT III sired, two-way voice coordination series satellites over the Atlantic channels. The additional audio and Pacific made the substantial channels would be of particular Mr. Breslow rate reductions possible at this benefit for multi-lingual program time. One INTELSAT III satellite, needs. Assistant Secretary launched December 18, is now in COMSAT received certain assur- full commercial service over the ances from broadcasters that us- Atlantic. A second INTELSAT III, age of satellites for international Breslow Electec launched February 5, was placed in TV would approximately double full commercial service February To New Positior 24 over the Pacific. with the lower rates, indicating that the Corporation would realize The lower rates apply for TV The Board of Directors of C( in the overall at least the same programs between the United SAT recently elected Jerome amount of revenues as under old States mainland and Hawaii, and Breslow an Assistant Secretary rates. between these two U.S. points and the Corporation. Periodic Review abroad to Australia, Japan, The Mr. Breslow, 35, has been A. Bruce Matthews, COMSAT Philippines and Thailand. They sistant to the Secretary since j4 Financial Vice President, emphas- cover COMSAT's charges to other ing COMSAT in November, 1^ ized in the application to the FCC communications carrier companies and recently was also designate that, "the Corporation will make for a television service channel General Attorney of the Corpc a periodic review to determine tion. furnished from a United States whether the rate reductions should earth station to a satellite. Prior to 1966, he served as Co be continued. In the event that tele- sel to the Committee on the The following is a comparison of vision usage does not come up to diciary, U.S. House of Represer the new and old COMSAT TV expectations within a reasonable tives. rates, including video and audio: period of time, the Corporation A native of Bloomfield, Nev., J U.S. Ma inland to Australia, will consider whether a subsequent sey, Mr. Breslow received an A Japan, Philippines and Thailand: rate increase should be initiated." degree from Columbia Univers -New: $725 for first 10 minutes The new INTELSAT III satel- and was awarded the L.L.B. and 820.50 for each additional min- lites, each with a capacity about gree from Harvard Law School ute, same for color or black-and- five times that of predecessor com- white. 1959. mercial satellites, can handle for An accomplished popular pian -Old: $1,200 for black-and- the first time television transmis- Mr. Breslow has composed musi white and $1,500 for color for first sions without interrupting, or re- material for numerous Hexag- 10 minutes, and $36 for black-and- quiring the surrender of other Club benefits and other satiri white and $45 for color for each traffic through the spacecraft, such reviews. He has performed in, a additional minute. as full-time telephone or record conducted, shows for the Americ U.S. Mainland to Hawaii: circuits. Light Opera Company, Ilexag -New: $440 for first 10 minutes At the same time it applied for Club and other groups and has p, and $12.50 for each additional min- the Pacific TV rate reductions, formed, among other places, at t ute, same for color or black-and- COMSAT filed to establish rates white. White House on several occasio: for the first time for leased voice In addition, Mr. Breslow is S4 -Old: $750 for black-and-white grade channels between the United retary and a member of the Boa and $937.50 for color, and $21 or States mainland and The Philip- of Directors of Temple Micah $26.25 for each additional minute. pines and Thailand. The monthly southwest Washington, D.C. whE Hawaii to Australia, Japan, The rate of $4,900 between a United he has also conducted the choir. Philippines and Thailand: States earth station and a satellite Mr. Breslow lives in Potom, -New: $650 for first 10 minutes is the same as rates presently in Maryland, with his wife, the forrr and $17 for each additional min- effect for comparable service be- Harriet Kaufman of Wheelir ute, same for color and black-and- tween the United States mainland West Virginia, and a daughti white. and Australia and Japan. Aimee. and son. Jeffrev COMSAT NEWS-March, 1969 Page 13 Del Harmon, Vice President, Tech- nical Facilities; Robert Hodgers, Vice President, Planning & Engi- neering; Pete Scherk, Vice Presi- dent, Government Communications Service; Herb Salter, Vice Presi- dent, Material Management, and Ralph Saylor, Vice President, Marketing. Other Visitors We have had several COMSAT visitors to our station in January -Paul Winchester and Forrest Bolinger to conduct Master Equip- ment List inventories; E. W. Hall to introduce new accounting procedures, and Joseph Giafaglione to observe station operation and discuss training. Also we experienced our first station audit by a representative from Haskins & Sell's San Jose office. Larry Cisneros was promoted from Senior Technician to Opera- tions Supervisor and has taken A group of 34 senior executives of Western Union International visited the Jamesburg station recently as part of a Conference they were holding over supervision of Team D, the in Carmel Highlands. position vacated by Ray Hill when he was transferred to Washington, D.C. Heavy Rains Temporarily Block Roads Congratulations also go to Har- old Ford who has been the second of our new Technicians to success- Into Jamesburg; Service Continues fully take the FCC examination for The biggest news from "sunny California" has been rain-more in the a second class radio license. Larry month of January than has been received in any month in 17 years. We Baley was first to achieve this suc- have seen the Carmel River change from a dry river bed to a raging cess which he accomplished in mid- torrent washing out bridges and so erroding its banks that the main November while attending the tele- Valley highway was nearly washed away. type school in Chicago. The Cachagua Creek near our station overran its banks and badly damaged the Cachagua Road. On in Carmel Highlands. Earl D. Hil- Blood Bank one occasion both roads leading to burn, Executive Vice President of our station were blocked-one by Western Union, had made arrange- An employee blood bank pro- slides and one by fallen trees. Mel ments to bring this group to our gram for Plaza and Laboratory Stauffer's team got to work in the station at the conclusion of the personnel will be carried out the middle of the night by walking conference. A bus was chartered first week of April, Miss Maye Cal- around the slides where they were by Western Union and on the after- lahan, Health unit nurse reports. met by the Station Security Guard noon of Thursday, January 16, the She urges all employees to par- with the station pick-up and were visitors arrived at the station. ticipate because COMSAT is far taken to work. One night three below its minimum quota of 152 men on Marv Bowser's team could After a brief introduction to the pints which it must maintain to re- not get back to their homes in Station in the Training Room, the main in good standing with the Salinas because all roads were visitors were divided into three Washington metropolitan a r e a blocked. Needless to say our sta- groups and escorted through the bank. tion diesel generator has had sev- station. Personnel on duty ex- eral good workouts during this pe- plained the various equipment and When the minimum is main- riod due to frequent and lengthy its functions. tained, Miss Callahan said all COM- power failures. After visiting the entire station, SAT employees have a right to use including a climb up to the Eleva- the bank. Western Union tor Equipment Room, the visitors She said "the pint you give may Despite the weather, and before again gathered in the Training be the best life-saving investment the worst of the downpour hit us, Room for coffee and an informal you'll ever make for you and your we were pleased to have a group discussion. Mr. Hilburn expressed family." of 34 senior executives of Western his appreciation for the tour. He In another change from previous Union visit our station. The beau- said it was the "high point" of COMSAT blood bank donations, tiful Monterey Peninsula had been their experiences during their con- the program will be carried out chosen by Western Union to hold ference. In addition to Mr. Hilburn, this time in the COMSAT Building Page 14 COMSAT NEWS -March, 1969

'Am- "MMAdr The Shareholders of Why are the seventh graders of Pine Bush Central School in Pine Bush, N.Y., different from all other seventh graders elsewhere in the country? Because 111 seventh graders (each of whom brought in between 25 cents and $1) collectively now own one share of COMSAT stock, regis- tered in their teacher's-Mrs. Doris Fonda Hambly's-name. The students study the Corporation and chart the stock-purchased last fall at $54 plus commission to their broker-and then in June will decide whether to sell or hold through the next school year. Mrs. Hambly, a pert, attractive teacher, who has four children of her own and who has just earned her Master's Degree in education, said she suggested the social studies class exercise because she wanted her students to have a better understanding of private industry by investing in a corporation. She chose COMSAT, she said, for two reasons. First, COM- SAT is a "space-age corporation" involved in satellite communications, and her seventh graders are "space-age children." Secondly, COMSAT has an interest in an earth station in Puerto Rico, which would give her an opportunity to program into her history curriculum a study of Puerto Rico's status as a commonwealth. Mrs. Ilambly has also enlisted the help of the math teacher who, once a week with the students' help, charts the progress of the stocks, using New York Stock Exchange quotations from a local paper. The day Karen R. Jordan, COMSAT's Assistant for Shareholder Relations, and Stephen A. Jacobs, Information, visited the school, COMSAT stock was at 421 This didn't seem to disappoint either Mrs. Hambly or her students, because "it makes the curve on the chart" more interesting. It was also the day that Mrs. Hambly administered a "Space-Age Vocabulary Test," with words drawn from COMSAT publications and the COMSAT slide presen- tation unit. COMSAT first heard of the Pine Bush seventh grade investors when Anna Ursula Rogge, top left page 14, wrote a letter to COMSAT's "Stockholders Department" to ask for some informational materials in behalf of her class. Anna is a bright 12-year-old with an engaging smile. Like many other students at Pine Bush, she is a first-generation American. Pine Bush is a quiet, pretty rural community at the base of the Catskills, and Pine Bush Central School is a consolidated school with an enrollment of 2,675. COMSAT NEWS- March, 1969 Page I5

Pine Bush Central School

(Continued from Page 14) This past week, Mrs. Hambly wrote to Mrs. Jordan: "Thank you so much for the fascinating experience of being a part of your interesting Corporation. This will be an experience that the children will never forget. They really feel special-and my other, older classes have come up to me (to ask) `Why didn't you do this when I was in your class!'. . . but each year I do something different and it was so fortunate that this year I chose to invest in your stock . . . . It was such an exciting experience to know that a corporation as large as yours is interested in its young shareholders." COMSAT thinks shareholders like Mrs. Hambly and her students-the only class like it in the country-are special, too. Page 16 COMSAT NEWS- March, 196 Andover Antenna Being Modified For Operation With I NT ELSAT III By Joanne Witas

The big horn antenna at Andover was out of service during parts of February and March while extensive modifications were made to equip the station to handle communications via the INTELSAT III series At- lantic satellites. The transportable antenna on site was used to carry the burden temporarily of NASCOM service. Robert Hess, from Headquarters, and five technicians from Brewster- Pete Vaughn, Tom Schultz, Dave Morgan, Jim Adams and Wayne held at the Andover Town Hall on Colpitts-arrived at Andover on Friday, January 31. Music was fur- February 3 to assist in wideband nished by the "Generation Gap." ground communications equipment K. J. Day of FIA was the guest (GCE) modifications. Target date of the Andover CEA. A good time for completion of this work is the was had by all 85 in attendance. latter part of March, at which Andover is a Winter Wonder- Andover technician Jack Connn time the big antenna is scheduled land. A total of 146 inches of snow installs new equipment. to resume operations for approxi- had fallen in the Andover area by mately three weeks. mid-March, an all-time record. One wideband high power ampli- fier will be installed and serve GCE Skiing systems modified during the period Gerry Michaud hasn't been doing of February 17 to March 10. This as much skiing as he did last year, will provide wideband communica- it seems he just doesn't have the tions facilities enabling Andover to time. But all the snow we have operate with INTELSAT III F-4. isn't going to waste for COMSAT A team from Nippon Electric personnel. We have Shaun Arness, Company of Japan arrived in mid- Larry Wood, Dick Plantier, Don February to install new "MUX" Bachelder, Bill Hamilton and Don equipment. This will be NEC's sec- Auger who are taking ski lessons ond "MUX" team at Andover. The at the Chisholm Winter Park. They new multiplex equipment will allow started taking lessons the first of Andover to utilize more circuit ca- the year, and I am told that by pacity through INTELSAT III the end of March they will be satellites. ready to try out for the "Winter Olympics!" The technicians from "Generation Gap" Brewster are trying to give An- The Andover COMSAT Employ- dover "Techs" some competition in Robert Hess, Technical Grou ees Association's winter party was skiing; they too are taking lessons. Washington, inspects modification COMSAT NEWS-March, 1969 Page 1, Scholarship Program Available to Students COMSAT Glaucoma Test For the second year, the Cor- Volunteer glaucoma tests were given to 119 COMSAT employees in lat poration is sponsoring scholarships February in a program arranged between the Corporation's Health uni for children of employees through and the Prevention of Blindness Society. the annual nation-wide scholarship The tests included normal eye exams and tonometry checks whici competition conducted by the Na- measure the intraoccular tensions of the eye. tional Merit Scholarship Corpora- tion. Miss Maye Callahan, Health unit nurse, said those with questionabl readings will be re-examined, then a determination made if treatment b; COMSAT scholarship recipients their own doctor should be recommended. will be chosen by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation on the basis of scholastic aptitude, leadership, and good citizenship as determined by testing and other procedures established by the Na- tional Merit Scholarship Corpora- tion. In no instance will any COM- SAT officer or employee play any part in the selection of scholars. Each COMSAT Scholarship will be a four-year award, covering the undergraduate years. The amount of the scholarship will be based upon the individual winner's financial needs in order to attend the college of his or her choice. The maximum amount that may be awarded to any one student is $1,- Drops are put in the eyes of Lilo Granville of the Labs by Mrs. Joan Cole 500 a year for four years. The extra duty nurse. minimum will be $250 a year. Any Accredited College The COMSAT Scholarship will be awarded toward the end of April each year to a secondary school senior attending a private, J+ public, or parochial school in the United States who is selected by NMSC. The scholarship may be used at any accredited college or university in the United States. All children of regular COMSAT employees are eligible to compete for these scholarships. Both boys and girls are eligible. Children of 100i retired and deceased company employees are also eligible. In 1970 The eye tension exam is taken by competition for COMSAT scholar- Mrs. Barbara Bracht, Systems Manage- ment secretary. Dr. Arnull ships will be limited to students Ehmur gives the test; Mrs. Dorothy Marschand records his remarks. who will complete secondary school in 1970 and who will enter college in 1970. Eligible students must take the National Merit Scholarship Quali- fying Test when they are either second-semester juniors or first- semester seniors. This test is made available by the NMSC to high school principals throughout the country. Candidates should make arrangements with high school principals during the fall semester of their junior year to take the test. The test is ordinarily given in high WLA schools in late February or early Dr. Peter Varadi of the Labs receives a report of his test. Center is Miss March of onrh vaar M- r^n^ic +m u....i.1 1-..:4 Page 18 COMSAT NEWS- March, 1969 SPADE Equipment Demonstrated At Etam Earth Station by COMSAT

Representatives from the United States and several foreign countries participated in a demonstration of the SPADE system at the Etam earth station on Thursday, February 27. The guests and their COMSAT hosts left Washington on an early morning charter aircraft and flew to Clarksburg, West Virginia, where a bus met the party and drove through snow flurries to Etam over twisting mountain roads. After greetings by Station Manager William B. Carroll, the visitors were briefed on the SPADE system by Dr. B. I. Edelson, Assistant to the Director, COMSAT Labs, and Andrew Werth, Eugene Cacciamani, and Nobuhiko Shimasaki of the Communications Processing Laboratory. Us- ing the SPADE equipment, the guests were able to converse with personnel at the United Kingdom Goonhilly Downs earth station through the INTELSAT III satellite over the Atlantic. SPADE is a demand- assigned , frequency-division multiple access system developed and tested by COMSAT Laboratories as part of INTEL- SATs' broad R&D program in satellite communications technology. In a frequency-division system, traffic between any two earth stations in the network is automatically switched into available frequencies. Particular frequencies are not permanently assigned between pairs of stations, but are retained in a pool and assigned on demand. Such a system can effect the efficiency of satellite utilization by allowing occasional users to share a common bandwidth. Reaction among the visitors was favorable. Several guests expressed surprise at the ease of operation of the SPADE equipment. Following the demonstration, the visitors divided into small groups for tours of the Etam station facilities and lunch. The party boarded the bus for the return trip in mid-afternoon and arrived at National Airport before 6:00 p.m. Guests of COMSAT for the demonstration were: Eric Ackerman, British Embassy; David Ball, United Kingdom; Dr. Bertram Blevis, Canadian Embassy; O. L. Britney, Canada; Miguel Colina, Peru; Dr. Peter Creola, Switzerland; Jerry Freibaum, NASA; R. G. Gould, OTM; W. Jost, Switzer- land; Milton Jones, Communications & Systems, Inc.; Noboru Ohyama, Japan; Lt. Col. E. R. Shoemate, DCA; and H. D. Steele, DCA. O. L. Britney of Canada talks to a Among the COMSAT personnel present were: William W. Alvis, Dr. staffer at Goonhilly Downs via the Pier L. Bargellini, A. Champeau, J. P. DeMontlivaut, William Fallon, SPADE equipment and the INTEL- Michael Onufry, Peter H. Schultze, Edward N. Wright, and Jerry Bidlack. SAT III Atlantic satellite.

.,__ Lh.. W+..... Q+.+;-r fnr fh. rimmnnctratinn_ COMSAT NEWS-March, 1969 Page 19

Dr. Edelson , Assistant to Director, COMSAT Labs, opens Edward Wright ( center) talks with (clockwise) Peter the SPADE system briefing. Schultze, Andrew Werth and Dr. Pier L. Bargellini.

William Carroll, Station Manager, formally greets the station visitors.

David Ball (front ) of the United Kingdom and Miguel Colina of Peru chat The earth station is in a rural through the SPADE equipment to a Goonhilly staffer, mountain valley. Page 20 COMSAT NEWS-March, 1969 Apollo 9 Mission Their First Five Years Televised Widely Television coverage of the Apollo 9 mission was transmitted via commercial satellites to millions of TV viewers in Europe, Latin America, the Carribbean and the Pacific area. Broadcasters booked more than 10 hours of overseas transmissions in advance of the flight and added more during the 10-day mission. Coverage of the Apollo 9 liftoff represented the first live commer- Robert Briskman Frank Mann Dick Smith cial transmission of television di- rect to Brazil. The new earth sta- These three employees recently received five-year service pins. They are tion at Tangua, near Rio de the 10th group to receive the awards since COMSAT marked its fifth Janeiro, was dedicated on Febru- anniversary of incorporation , February, 1968. ary 28 with special telecasts from the United States and Italy. The program from Italy included a mes- sage from Pope Paul VI, at the Vatican City. The Brazilian station is the 23rd in a growing international network of earth stations in 15 different countries. Many other stations are e i t h e r under construction or planned. It is expected that more than 40 of them will be in operation by 1970 to work with the global series of 1,200-circuit IN- TELSAT III satellites planned to be in operation within the next few months.

The European Broadcasting W Union, representing broadcasters As a memento of attending the INTELSAT Conference , Joao A. Wiltgen, in Western Europe countries and third from left , chief Brazilian delegate, purchases a share of COMSAT the United Kingdom, booked more stock , and then watches the New York Stock Exchange transaction on than eight hours for television cov- the broker's stock board. Others, from left: Hamilton Whitelaw of Merrill erage of the Apollo 9 mission via Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., Washington; Carlos A. Coelho, a satellite. Brazilian INTELSAT representative , and Jerome Breslow , an Assistant Other areas which received Corporate Secretary of COMSAT. TV broadcasts of the Apollo mission included Puerto Rico, Chile, Hawaii and Japan. President Nixon Signs Amendment In the Atlantic, the TV signals An amendment to the Com- three Directors are appointed were transmitted from New York munications Satellite Act of by the President of the U.S. through the COMSAT-operated 1962, governing the election with the advice and consent earth station at Etam, West Vir- of COMSAT directors, was of the Senate. ginia, via the new INTELSAT III passed by the Congress in satellite in synchronous equatorial In the past several years February and signed into law the carrier's holdings have orbit 22,300 miles over the Atlantic by President Nixon in March. and thence to receiving stations in declined from 50 percent of Europe, Puerto Rico, Brazil and Under the new law the the outstanding shares to ap- Chile. number of Series I (public) proximately 38 percent. Thus, Directors and Series II (car- under a formula provided in In the Pacific, signals were pro- rier) Directors will be ap- the amendment, the carrier cessed through the earth station proximately proportionate to shareholders will be eligible operated by COMSAT at James- their shareholdings. The Act to elect four Directors at the burg, California, then relayed by originally provided that the 1969 annual meeting and the the new INTELSAT III satellite carriers and public each elect public shareholders will elect over the Pacific to earth stations six Directors. In addition, eight. located in Hawaii and Japan.