DOCSLIB.ORG

Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Pharmacogn J. 2019; 11(3): 505-510 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Ramadanil1,*, Damry2, Rusdi2, Baharuddin Hamzah3, Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair4 ABSTRACT Background: Zingiberaceae is one of the significant components of the herbaceous ground flora of Southeast Asia tropical forests. This family includes some medicinally important species, in particular the members of genera of Alpinia, Curcuma, Etlingera and Zingiber (Van Balgooy, 2001). Objective: to identify the traditional usages and evaluate for phytochemical screening of selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Material and Methods: Zingiberaceae samples were collected from the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central Sulawesi Indonesia and its surroundings and evaluated for their phytochemical contents by using TLC method with particular spraying reagents. Results: the plants were used by the local ethnics for different daily and medicinal purposes. All part of each selected species of Zingiberaceae contain flavonoid, tannins, saponins, triterpenoid and alkaloid although steroids were only found in the leaves of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma mangga and Alpinia galanga. Alkaloids were only found in the rhyzome of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma aerugynosa, Zingiber montanum. Besides it was also detected in leaves of both Alpinia rubricaulis and Etlingera Ramadanil1,*, Damry2, acanthoides. Additionally, Alkaloids were also discovered in the stem of Ammomum aculeata, Rusdi2, Baharuddin Alpinia galanga and Curcuma mangga. Hamzah3, Muhammad Key words: Traditional usages, Phytochemical screening, Zingiberaceae, Central Sulawesi Sulaiman Zubair4 Indonesia. 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathemathics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu City, Central INTRODUCTION Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. Sulawesi is well known for its biogeographical wonders. revisons were made to 48taxa of Etlingera and 36 of 2Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Its location which is to the east of Wallace’s line but is which were new species. Zingiber ultralimitale Ardi- Fishery, Tadulako University, Palu City, close to the Sunda plate and its formation from several yani and A.D. Poulsen has reecently been described Central Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. separated islands have resulted in an unique taxonomic and barcoded (rbcL, trnH-psbA and ITS) and 3 Department of Education Chemistry, composition of flowering plants.1 The long isolation of claimed to be a new species occurring on limestone Faculty of Teaching and Education, Tadulako University, Palu City, Central the Island and its constituent parts have resulted in a at the Bantimurung National Park, South Sulawesi, 9 Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. higher rate of endemic taxa both plants and animals in Indonesia. Two new species of Alpinia subsection 4Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of the Island compared to any other islands in the coun- Cenolophon (A. macrocrista and A. pusilla) from Mathemathics and Natural Sciences, try. Approximately 15% of the known flowering plant Western Sulawesi have also been described previ- Tadulako University, Palu City, Central species of Sulawesi are endemic to the Island.2,3 10 Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. ously. Zingiberaceae is one of the flowering plant families and Phytochemical screening is one important step in Correspondence it is the largest family of the order Zingiberales, an aro- the efforts to further explore the potentials of any Prof. Ramadanil matic teresterial herb with often large-sized rhizome. plant resources. Knowledges of the presence of Department of Biology, Faculty of It contains 53 genera.4,5 It is widely distributed in the chemical compounds such as steroids/triterpenoids, Mathemathics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu City, Central (Sub) tropics, particularly as shade plants in evergreen alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, saponins and tannins Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. tropical regions, with several genera being of major in the plants will help us to further characterize the Phone no : +62-0451-85288560451 economic important such as medicinal products, dyes, plants for economic uses, for example as medicine, condiments and spice. Most member of Zingiberaceae cosmetics and others.11 E-mail: [email protected] are native to Malesia regions and a number of species The use of medicinal plants for treating a number of History are grown as ornamental plants in greenhouses and diseases is a primary health care in Indonesia, but • Submission Date: 14-11-2018; 6 • Review completed: 28-01-2019; homeyards. the potential of seed plants as a source of new drugs • Accepted Date: 12-02-2019 The diversity of Zingiberaceae of Sulawesi and its phy- is still largely unexplored. The trend of using natural- tochemical studies are poorly known.7,8 A number of products has increased and the active plant extracts DOI : 10.5530/pj.2019.11.80 systematics studies on the genera of Sulawesi’s Zingib- are frequently screened for new drug discoveries 11 Article Available online eraceae such as Alpinia, Etlingera and Curcuma are and for the presence of antimicrobial agents Latest http://www.phcogj.com/v11/i3 still being in progress by botanists. Poulsen (2012)8 and previous studies have concluded the beneficial Copyright © 2019 Pharmacognosy Journal. This is Cite this article: Ramadanil, Damry, Rusdi, Hamzah B, Zubair MS. Traditional Usages and Phyto- an open-access article distributed under chemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pharmacog J. the terms of the Creative Commons At- 2019;11(3):505-10. tribution 4.0 International license. Pharmacognosy Journal, Vol 11, Issue 3, May-June, 2019 505 Ramadanil, et al.: Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Zingiberaceae aspects of plant-derived drugs as a good source of antibiotics,12 antioxi- Test for Saponins 13,14 15 dants and anti-inflammatory agents. Two ml of each extract in a test tube was vigourously shaken for two In order to discover and develop new therapeutic agents, a phyto- minutes and observed for persistent foaming. chemical study of plants potentially having antimicrobial properties is fundamental. This study was undertaken to screen the phytochemical Test for Alkaloids compounds present in selected species of Zingiberaceae from Central About 0.2 g of plant extract was weighed in separate test tube and Sulawesi, Indonesia. warmed with 2% Sulphuric acid for 2 mins. It was filtered in separate test tube and few drops of Dragencloffs reagent were added and observed for MATERIALS AND METHODS the presence of orange red precipitate for the presence of alkaloid. Plant Materials Test for Terpenoids This research was carried out from February to July 2018.Zingiberaceae About 0.5 g of plant extract in separate test tube was taken with 2 ml of samples were collected from the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Cen- chloroform; 5 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid was carefully added to tral Sulawesi, Indonesia and its surroundings (Figure 1). The park is a form a layer and observed for the presence of reddish brown color inter- protected area covering about 220,000 ha and become the habitat of a face to show positive results for the presence of terpenoid. number of Wallacean endemic plant and animal species. The area has a considerable conservation value and it functions as a watershed protec- Test for Steroids tion for the surrounding areas occupied by different ethnics. Two ml of acetic anhydride was added to 0.5 g extract with 2 ml of Sulphuric A botanical exploration by using the transect methodwas done to study the acid and observed for the color change from violet to blue or green in Zingiberaceae diversity. The observation included vernacular name, scien- samples indicating the presence of steroid. tific name, family, number collection, collector and plant habitus, geo- graphic position (Altitude, latitude and longitude) ecological data of the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION plants and their daily usage by the local ethnics. All the plant materials Traditional use of selected species of Zingiberaceae collected were identified at the Laboratory of Biodiversity, the Depart- ment of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Tadulako There were Fifteen selected species ofZingiberaceae that were anal- University, Indonesia. Plant specimens were determinated using a speci- ysed for phytochemical testing and its traditional use information.The men reference available at the Herbarium Celebence (CEB) of Tadulako list of the species is provided in Table 1. All the species were selected from our previous research (Pitopang et al. 2018) that reported 24 species University and the specimens identification was done byZingiberaceae of Zingiberaceae and its traditional usage by 3 indigenous tribes living specialists, i.e A.D Poulsen (E) and W. Ardi (BBG-LIPI). All the specimens in the surroundings of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central were mounted, labeled and kept at the CEB. Sulawesi, Indonesia. Plant Extraction Chemical Component Plant extraction and phytochemical analyses of all part of each species The results of the phytochemical screening on the selected species of was conducted at the Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Zingiberaceae for the presence of chemical compounds such as tannins, Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako Uni- saponins,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Download
    Biology Scientia Bruneiana, Vol. 18, No. 1 2019 215 new seed plant species recorded for Brunei Darussalam Siti Nur Amalina and J.W.F. Slik* Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam *corresponding author email [email protected] Abstract We provide a checklist of new seed plant species (Angiosperms and Gymnosperms) in Brunei Darussalam with detailed information. The plant database for Brunei, extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) was compared with the existing plant checklist for Brunei and plant holdings of the UBD herbarium (UBDH). 215 species of seed plants, belonging to 59 families, were found in the GBIF list that were absent in both the Brunei checklist and UBDH collections. The plant family that recorded the highest number of new plant species was Orchidaceae, but overall, tree species dominate the list. Only 8% of the new species were IUCN Red-List evaluated. Most new species collections came from Tutong district, but the highest number of new species was from Temburong district. Almost all new species collections came from areas with easy access such as near roads and around the Kuala Belalong Field Study Centre. As much of the Brunei rainforest remains unexplored, new discoveries are likely to occur. Index Terms: Brunei Darussalam, Brunei checklist, new species records, GBIF, seed plants, threat status 1. Introduction reason, a plant species might be available for the Nearly 20 years has elapsed since the first world to see but still be absent from the Brunei checklist of seed plants for Brunei Darussalam seed plant checklist that was published more than was published1 and it is to be expected that quite 20 years ago.1 Although the plant collections in a number of new plant species have been GBIF have been identified by experienced collected since.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
    Pharmacogn J. 2019; 11(3): 505-510 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Ramadanil1,*, Damry2, Rusdi2, Baharuddin Hamzah3, Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair4 ABSTRACT Background: Zingiberaceae is one of the significant components of the herbaceous ground flora of Southeast Asia tropical forests. This family includes some medicinally important species, in particular the members of genera of Alpinia, Curcuma, Etlingera and Zingiber (Van Balgooy, 2001). Objective: to identify the traditional usages and evaluate for phytochemical screening of selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Material and Methods: Zingiberaceae samples were collected from the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central Sulawesi Indonesia and its surroundings and evaluated for their phytochemical contents by using TLC method with particular spraying reagents. Results: the plants were used by the local ethnics for different daily and medicinal purposes. All part of each selected species of Zingiberaceae contain flavonoid, tannins, saponins, triterpenoid and alkaloid although steroids were only found in the leaves of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma mangga and Alpinia galanga. Alkaloids were only found in the rhyzome of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma aerugynosa, Zingiber montanum. Besides it was also detected in leaves of both Alpinia rubricaulis and Etlingera Ramadanil1,*, Damry2, acanthoides. Additionally, Alkaloids were also discovered in the stem of Ammomum aculeata, Rusdi2, Baharuddin Alpinia galanga and Curcuma mangga. Hamzah3, Muhammad Key words: Traditional usages, Phytochemical screening, Zingiberaceae, Central Sulawesi Sulaiman Zubair4 Indonesia. 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathemathics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu City, Central INTRODUCTION Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Malesia
    Checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Malesia Mark Newman Amélie Lhuillier Axel Dalberg Poulsen BLUMEA Supplement 16 NATIONAAL HERBARIUM NEDERLAND, Universiteit Leiden branch 2004 ISSN 0006-5196 ISBN 90-71236-XX-X BLUMEA Supplement 16 © 2004 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form, including print, photocopy, microform, electronic or electromagnetic record without written permission. CHECKLIST OF THE ZINGIBERACEAE OF MALESIA MARK NEWMAN1, AMÉLIE LHUILLIER2 & AXEL DALBERG POULSEN3 SUMMARY A checklist of Malesian Zingiberaceae is provided, giving generic names, specific and infraspecific binomials and trinomials, basionyms, synonyms, protologues, type specimens and their locations and limited information on distributions. The revision status of accepted genera and some nomenclatural notes are included. In total 1,661 names are listed. INTRODUCTION This checklist is a precursor to a revision of the Zingiberaceae for Flora Malesiana (FM). It appears very nearly a century after the last monograph of the family (Schu- mann, 1904). During this time generic limits in the family have changed greatly and many new species have been described, while the forests in Malesia have declined catastrophically. There have been revisions of the Zingiberaceae for certain areas within Malesia, notably Holttumʼs Zingiberaceae of the Malay Peninsula (Holttum, 1950) and Smithʼs Review of Bornean Zingiberaceae (Smith, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989). However, for large areas of Malesia, including Sumatra, the Philippines and all of eastern Malesia, there is still only a scattering of old papers in a number of European languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Etlingera Brevilabrum (Zingiberaceae)
    Available online a t www.derpharmachemica.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharma Chemica, 2014, 6(2):360-365 (http://derpharmachemica.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-413X CODEN (USA): PCHHAX Chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Etlingera brevilabrum (Zingiberaceae) Behnam Mahdavi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT To isolate the chemical constituents from the leaves and stems of Etlingera brevilabrum, the plant parts were firstly extracted by n-hexane. Then the extracts were purified using different chromatography methods such as vacuum liquid chromatography, column chromatography, and preparative thin layer chromatography. Finally tow compounds were isolated from the extracts. To elucidate the structures, the spectroscopic data of the compounds were compared with the literature values. According to the analysis the pure compounds were identified as β- sitosterol and stigmasterol. Keywords : Etlingera brevilabrum ; Zingiberaceae; chemical constituents; β-sitosterol; stigmasterol. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Zingiberaceae with 53 genera and over 1200 species is known as the largest family of the order Zingiberales . It is widely distributed in the tropics especially in Southeast Asia [1]. The family is a famous natural resource that provides people around the world with many products used for food,
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Extracts from Different Parts
    Sains Malaysiana 46(9)(2017): 1565–1571 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-27 Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Extracts from Different Parts of Etlingera sayapensis (Zingiberaceae) (Aktiviti Antioksida dan Antimikrob bagi Ekstrak daripada Bahagian Berbeza Etlingera sayapensis (Zingiberaceae)) BEHNAM MAHDAVI, W.A. YAACOB* & LAILY B. DIN ABSTRACT The rhizomes, stems and leaves of Etlingera sayapensis were extracted with ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and methanol to give 12 extracts. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was measured in this study, together with their antioxidant activity. Assays used were radical scavenging activity (RSA), β-carotene bleaching (BCB), ferrous ion chelating (FIC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Among the assays, the leaf methanolic extract showed the highest activity with 35.67 mg GAE/g (mg of gallic acid per gram of extract) for TPC, IC50 of 53.43 µg/mL for RSA, 83.24% for BCB, IC50 of 242.43 µg/mL for FIC (second highest) and 19.53 mg TrE/g (mg of Trolox per gram of extract) for FRAP. The measured BCB values for the four leaf extracts were higher than those of the positive controls of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), gallic acid (GA) and ascorbic acid (AscA) and slightly lower than that of α-tocopherol (Toc). The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was also measured using disc-diffusion (DD) and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) assays. Among the extracts, only ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed specific bacterial inhibition againstBacillus subtilis. Only stem methanolic extract exhibited specific fungal inhibition againstCandida parapsilosis. The highest activity was shown by this with 9.9 mm and 1.04 mg/mL for DD and MIC assays respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Genus Etlingera - a Review on Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils
    Vol. 13(7), pp. 135-156, 10 April, 2019 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2019.6740 Article Number: B99A13B60765 ISSN 1996-0875 Copyright © 2019 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Journal of Medicinal Plants Research http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Review Genus Etlingera - A review on chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils A. F. M. Shahid Ud-Daula and Mohammad A. Basher* Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, Bangladesh. Received 2 February, 2019; Accepted 22 March, 2019 Essential oil from plants belonging to several species has been extensively used as natural resources in the prevention and treatment of a large number of diseases. The medicinal and aromatic plants of genus Etlingera produces high percentages of essential oil from its every organ and is recommended for a variety of health problems by traditional systems of medicine in south-east Asia. Essential oils from this genus demonstrated promising antimicrobial properties. As antibiotic resistance is emerging at an alarming rate, many infectious diseases have become difficult to treat. Thus, the genus Etlingera can be considered as a good source of essential oils, and extensive studies of biological activities of these oils may lead to the identification of new compounds which can be used in modern medicine, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, primarily as antimicrobial agents. This review summarizes the characteristics of essential oil of Etlingera species with particular attention to the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities from the data in the recent literature. Key words: Etlingera, essential oil, chemical composition, antimicrobial activity. INTRODUCTION Etlingera is a genus of medicinal plants native to the activities of essential oil of Etlingera species.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
    OPEN ACCESS Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 10 April 2019 ISSN 1996-0875 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR www.academicjournals.org About JMPR The Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (JMPR) provides researchers, students and academicians an avenue to present their findings on the value of medicinal plants, indigenous medications, ethnobotany and ethnomedicine, herbal medicines and the cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants. The journal will consider for publication original research, reviews and meta-reviews, and short communication on areas covering nutraceuticals, drug discovery and development, pharmacopoeia, traditional medicine, monographs, and natural products research. The Journal of Medicinal Plants Research is indexed in: CAB Abstracts CABI’s Global Health Database Chemical Abstracts (CAS Source Index) China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Google Scholar Matrix of Information for The Analysis of Journals (MIAR) ResearchGate Open Access Policy Open Access is a publication model that enables the dissemination of research articles to the global community without restriction through the internet. All articles published under open access can be accessed by anyone with internet connection. The African Journals of Biotechnology is an Open Access journal. Abstracts and full texts of all articles published in this journal are freely accessible to everyone immediately after publication without any form of restriction. Article License All articles published by Journal of Medicinal Plants Research are licensed under the Creative Commons
    [Show full text]
  • How Many Species of Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) Are There in the Philippines?
    EDINBURGH JOURNAL OF BOTANY Page1of 12 1 © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2018) doi: 10.1017/S0960428618000240 HOW MANY SPECIES OF ETLINGERA (ZINGIBERACEAE) ARE THERE IN THE PHILIPPINES? A. D. POULSEN1 &R.V.A.DOCOT2 Based on studies of types and recent collections, the number of species of Etlingera Giseke in the Philippines is doubled from eight to 16. Three species (Etlingera alba, E. brevilabrum and E. sessilanthera) are reported here for the first time, E. pandanicarpa is synonymised with the Bornean E. fimbriobracteata, and four new combinations (E. bulusanensis, E. linearifolia, E. pubimarginata and E. subviridis) and one new name (E. pilosa) are published here. Nine lectotypifications are proposed, of which three represent second-step designations. About two-thirds of the species are currently thought to be endemic, but future fieldwork is likely to result in more species of Etlingera in the Philippines, either endemic or as new records from neighbouring islands. Keywords. A.D.E. Elmer, Amomum, distribution, ginger, Hornstedtia, Malesia, species richness. Introduction The ginger genus Etlingera Giseke is distributed from Bhutan to Fiji, with most species in equatorial Malesia, where it has been revised in Peninsular Malaysia (12 species; Khaw, 2001), Borneo (40 species; Poulsen, 2006), Java (9 species; Poulsen, 2007)and Sulawesi (46 species; Poulsen, 2012). Poulsen (2003) made four combinations (Etlingera dalican (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Etlingera pandanicarpa (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Etlingera purpurea (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen and Etlingera sorsogonensis (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen) in preparation for a Checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Malesia (Newman et al., 2004), which includes six species of Etlingera in the Philippines.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    SCIENTIA BRUNEIANA OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM ISSN : 1819-9550 (Print), 2519-9498 (Online) - Volume : 18(1), 2019 First Published 2019 by Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei Darussalam ©2019 Universiti Brunei Darussalam All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission, in writing, from the publisher. This book consists of papers prepared by staff of Universiti Brunei Darussalam and other academic institutions, and peer- reviewed by local and international referees. Cataloguing in Publication Data Scientia Bruneiana / Chief Editor Lim Lee Hoon 57 p. + iii; 30 cm ISSN 2519-9498 (Online), ISSN 1819-9550 (Print) 1. Research – Brunei Darussalam. 2. Science – Brunei Darussalam Q180.B7 B788 2019 Cover photo: Map of the Bukit Teraja Protection Forest (green) and its proposed extension (blue). (Courtesy: Hanyrol H. Ahmad Sah and T. Ulmar Grafe). Printed in Brunei Darussalam by Educational Technology Centre, Universiti Brunei Darussalam mk SCIENTIA BRUNEIANA ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ A journal of science and science-related matters published twice a year (January-June and July- December) by the Faculty of Science, University Brunei Darussalam. Contributions are welcomed in any area of science, mathematics, medicine or technology. Authors are invited to submit manuscripts to the editor or any other member of the Editorial Board. Further information including instructions for authors can be found in the Notes to Contributors section (the last three pages). __________________________________________________________________________________________________ EDITORIAL BOARD (all affiliated with Universiti Brunei Darussalam unless indicated otherwise) Chief Editor: Lim Lee Hoon Managing Editor: Malcolm R.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pollen Morphology Study from the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
    Palynology, 2015 Vol. 39, No. 2, 150–204, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2014.940472 A pollen morphology study from the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo Samantha Elsie Jonesa,b* and Katharine Georgina Pearcec aInstitut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolucio Social. Zona Educacional 4 Campus Sescelades (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain; bSchool of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen´s University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland; cSarawak Herbarium (SAR), 32 Lorong Kumpang 4, 93200 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia Despite the rich biodiversity of plants in the islands of southeast Asia, modern pollen reference collections are still sparse for this part of the world. With only limited availability of pollen data, the ability to answer questions, regarding climate change and environmental change, to aid archaeological investigations through the reconstruction of past vegetation, or even for modern investigations, is challenging. No palynological work had ever been carried out in the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, before this investigation. During 2007–2008, as part of the ‘Cultured Rainforest Project’, a number of cores were extracted for multi-proxy palaeoecological analysis, including pollen analysis. The cores produced a 50,000-year record of climate, environmental and later anthropogenic change. To aid fossil pollen identification, a modern pollen reference collection was also established. In August 2008, 253 modern plant species from a wide range of habitats were collected from in and around the villages of Bario and Pa’Dalih. Specimens were identified at the Department of Forestry Sarawak Herbarium (SAR), whilst pollen slides from all of the plant specimens were prepared at Queens University Belfast.
    [Show full text]
  • (Etlingera Elatior) Fruits from Southeast Sulawesi-Indonesia
    Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extracts and Compounds of Wualae (Etlingera elatior) Fruits from Southeast Sulawesi-Indonesia I. Sahidin,1* Syefira Salsabila1, W. Wahyuni1, M. Hajrul Malaka1, Imran2 and Marianti A. Manggau3 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari 93232 Southeast Sulawesi, INDONESIA 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari 93232 Southeast Sulawesi, INDONESIA 3Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, INDONESIA Keywords: Etlingera elatior, fruits, vanilic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and antibacteria Abstract: Wualae (Tolakinese) or Etlingera elatior grows bulky in Southeast Sulawesi. The fruit of this plant is widely used as cooking spices and traditional medicine. Scientific studies of the fruit and its properties against certain diseases are still very limited. The aim of the article shares the chemical content of E. elatior fruits and its activity against various selected pathogenic bacteria. Isolation was performed by chromatographic methods, including Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC), and Radial Chromatography (RC). Structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated by using spectroscopic techniques, i.e. IR and NMR-1D spectroscopy (1H and 13C-NMR) and comparing with similar data from the literature. The activity of the methanol extracts and the isolated compounds were evaluated against bacteria using the diffusion agar method. The tested bacteria included Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacilus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Salmonella enteric. The result showed that two compounds have been isolated from E. elatior fruit, namely vanilic acid (1) and p- hydroxybenzoic acid (2). The compounds and crude extracts were most active against S.
    [Show full text]