If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. ./ "i\ INSTITUTE FOR CRIMINOLOGY I UNISA 1978 &'scriPtive Analysis of Housebreaking in the area of the Norwood Police Station \ U.S. Department of Justice 80487 National Institute of Justice Jacob van der Westhuizen This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated \J in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by Prof. Jacob Van Der Westhuizen " r -Inst-it1Jte for Criminologv,UNISA to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis­ sion of the copyright owner. , . / ., J '. ~ " - ''1;\\\- NCJRS "', JUL 30 10Q1 iJ ... ';' '1Ii, <Jtt /.' ~", 1 \' ..,.:~ :~ ~ , ------~~-- .-. 7' . ,/ Descriptive Analysis of Housebreaking in the area of the ,,- Norwood Police Station \ .. , This report deals with the first long-term research project undertaken by the Institute for Criminology in collaboration with the South African Police. Points of view and opinions expressed herein are entirely those of the writer and do not necessarily represent the official viewpoint and policy of the South African Police. INSTITUTE FOR CRIMINOLOGY December 1978 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PRETORIA ~ .. ,~ fJ \ " \ '!; / s., ,. '1> <'$ <' • , , .j ::.~ ~ , 1( <'~.' i ..;: ;~;" -,/ ,::::! \> .2~. ,,"' ". c .~. ~""""r:' \" "/ ... ':~t ~ " . .It.;· ''\' , •• ._l 1 \ \ \, f, CONTENTS .. Foreword I & Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Background, research rationale and approach Introduction Background Research rationale Research approach , Chapter 2 Project Planning Research objective Scope Methodology Project development I Chapter 3 Definition of concepts © 1979 University of South Africa All rights reserved adjudication, association, .autumn, 'business premises ISBN 0 86981 141 X cases withdrawn, chance, chi-squared Printed and published by the test, constructive validity, University of South Mrica convictions, conviction index, Muckleneuk, Pretoria correlation , . crime, crime statistics, criminal, criminology, dark figure, daylight housebreaking, daytime housebreaking, / detection rate " ,, earlier part of the week, early-evening housebreaking, early-morning house= breaking, enter, falsify, first offen= der fluctuation (of crimes), forecasting, frequencies, housebreaker, housebrea= king, housebreaking index insignificant, investigation, late-afternoon housebreaking, negligent victim, nighttime housebreaking, .. obstruction, obstruction factor / '. .. - .••.:.'" '-'1 - " obstruction scale, policing, 4.8 Lapse q:f time between the discovery positivistic approach, prediction, and reporting of 542 crimes of prosecutions 19 housebrieaking 4.9 31 recidivist, relationship" reliabi= Extent!of loss caused as a result lity, reports, research hypotheses 20 of houf;ebreaking in the case of residential premises ,! scaling, 542 residential and businesspre= science, scope, seasons, sentence, mises ., significant, spring 21 4.10 32 Extent ,of loss caused as a result structuring, study, summer, summer of houst~breaking by day and night 4. 1 1 32 " months 22 Extent o·f loss caused as a result tendencies, theft, undetected, of housebreaking during the sununer undetected (warrant issued), unfounded and winter months cases, validity, variable, vary 23 4.12 32 Time of dclY or night when residential '. verify, victimize, victim of crime, and business premises were entered victim-proneness, visibility, weekend, urllawfu11y L 4.13 33 winter, winter months, zero-anchored, Time of day or night and week when zero point 24 crimes of housebreaking occurred 4 • .14 33 F'orced and unforced entry to residen= Chapter 4 Tabular analysis 25-43 tia1 and business premises 4. 15 33 Table No. Concise description Forced and unfoliced entry to 4.1 Classification according to code premises by daY'/and night 4.16 34 11 numbers of 542 reported cases of Number of male and female victims of housebreaking 25 / daylight and nighttime housebreaking 4.2 4. 17 34 Spatial distribution according to .. Number of male and female victims suburb and code numbers of 542 repor= ."" ~ of housebreaking committed during ted cases of housebreaking 26 I the earlier part of the week and on weekends . 'd 4.3 Housebreaking index in respect of 4.18 34 suburbs in the area of the Norwood j Number of White and Non-White victims /' ~ Police Station 27 of daylight and nighttime housebrea= 4.4 Temporal distributi.on according to king , 4.19 35 ~ , code numbers and month of the year . Numbl:!r of White and Non-White victims of 542 reported cases of housebreak1ng 28 of crimes of housebreaking committed , " 4.5 Temporal distribution according to during th,fj -summer and winter months if 35 I 4.20 J code numbers and days of the week of Way in wWich daylight and nighttime 542 reported cases of housebreaking 29 . cases{J£ housebreaking were reported I 36 4.6 Temporal distribution according to 4.21 Way in which crimes of housebreaking \ code numbers and time of d~y of 542 \ - ,~ committed during the earlier part of reported cases of housebreaking 30 the week and on weekends were reported 4.22 37 Ways in which housebreakers entered Description of the victims of 542 various premises 31 reported crimes of housebreaking 38 i .:" , . 1 / I .... pf l d it ~--~::;;:;r ,~, ,~ 'I' '-.-; "" ;,) , , Ilt· .j.< ----------------------------- \ -1 1 ) :i 1 The course of justic(~ in respect I (vii) weekend housebreaking 4.23 39 involving residential of 542 cases of housebreaking :\ premises 51 Distribution according to race of \ 4.24 39 , 77 suspected houseblceakers 1'1 (viii) monthly and seasonal ! i iJ fluctuat'ion of house= Ii, , 4.25 Distribution according to sex of breaking 52 if 77 suspected housebreakers 40 1 [1 II I Summary 56 I' Distribution according to age of II 4.26 40 ~ 77 suspected housebreakers i ,l Chapter 6 Exploratory study 57-99 1 ) Distribution according to marital I, 4.27 41 II Scope ~f housebreaking in South Africa 57 'I status of 77 suspected housebreakers I i' H6usebreaking involving business 4.28 Distribution according to place of 1\ abode of 77 suspected housebreakers 41 premises 63 II Housebreaking involving White II Distribution according to occupation f: 4.29 42 \ residential premises. 64 I of 77 suspected housebreakers Housebreaking involving Noh-White residential premises 64 4.30 Number of crimes of housebreaking pre= vious1y committed by 77 suspected 1 Housebreaking involving all resi= 42 h,ousebreakers dential premises . 65 1 Unlawful entry to premises 66 4.31 Number of previous crimes in respect 1 Unlawful possession of housebreaking of which 77 suspected housebreakers 43 implements 66 were found guilty Housebreaking involving business Analysis of number ..of cases before and residential premises 66 4.32 i' court number of suspects tried and' Given, estimated and forecasted , , numbe~ of persons actually involved growth of convictions 72 43 Given, estimated and forecasted incases of housebreaking ./ i! '/1 growth ,of prosecutions 73 45-56 Estimated and forecasted growth of Chapter 5 Testing of research hypotheses 45 the total population of the RSA 74 Introduction Validity of research hypotheses with Incidence of housebreaking in th~ area , regard to - of the Norwood Police Station 76 ,1 45 f ,I (i) housebreaking by day and night Growth of housebreaking 76 I Functional relationships 77 1 . loss resulting from housebrea= II , (ii) 46 Population distribution and 11 king Ii , housebreaking 78 ;t i' ' Population density and house= (iii) the reporting of cases of j 47 ,fi , housebreaking breaking 80 ". ;#f ... Number of residential units and !i \1 (iv) discovery of crimes of house= 48 housebreaking 81 ihII \ breaking by the police (I' " ,-a Nature of housebreaking in the area of lapse of time in reporting cases (v) 48 the Norwood Police Station '> 83 of housebreaking ,.. '. Discovery and reporting of housebreaking nocturnal housebreaking involving -. (vi) 49 in the area of the Norwood Police Station 86 business premises . , . :::- 1 I' ) " . l FOREWORD Loss caused as a result of house= breaking in the area of the Nouwood I ') ~':) Police Station 87 I Thi,f; study dealing with housebreaking in the area of the Norwood Victims of housebreaking in the Police S.tation was conducted in collaboration with. the South Afri= area of the Norwood Police Station 88 Perpetrators of housebreaking in can Police by the Institute for Criminology during 1976 with a 90 the area of the Norwood Police Station view to the later experimental implementation of control measures Adjudication with'regard to house= breaking in the area of the Norwood designed to combat housebreaki'ng • Owing to.a shortage of manpower 92 Police Station which arose during the unrest of 1976 and attendant problems in Combatting housebreaking in the ar~a of the Norwood Police Station 92 Soweto and elsewhere in the country, the last part of the investi= 97 Summary gat ion had to be suspended. To compensate for the opportunity which Overseas statistics relating to was lost of supplementing the existing knowledge system empirical= Chapter 7 \ burglary/housebreaking 101-106 ly, an exploratory study was undertaken. Besides testing eight hy= England and Wales 102 potheses on the processing level, the researchers of the Institute 104 Netherlands for Criminology succeeded in formulating'