DOCSLIB.ORG

Structure of the Hanmer Strike-Slip Basin, Hope Fault, New Zealand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Structure of the Hanmer Strike-Slip Basin, Hope Fault, New Zealand Structure of the Hanmer strike-slip basin, Hope fault, New Zealand RAY A. WOOD Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd., P.O. Box 1320, Wellington, New Zealand JARG R. PETTINGA Department of Geology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand STEPHEN BANNISTER 1 G LAMARCHE* J ^nst'tute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd., P.O. Box 1320, Wellington, New Zealand TIMOTHY J. McMORRAN Department of Geology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ABSTRACT thicken and are tilted southward, with in- sin (step-over region between the major sequence lateral onlaps occurring to the fault segments). We also conclude that Hanmer basin (10 x 20 km), located in north and east, and also onto basement changes in fault geometry (releasing and re- northern South Island, New Zealand, is near the fault-controlled basin margins. straining bends and step-overs) at a variety evolving where two major segments of the The basin depocenter currently contains of scales and over short distances control dextral strike-slip Hope fault are projected > 1000 m of sediment adjacent to the south the development of the extensile and con- to converge across a 6- to 7-km-wide releas- margin and is disrupted by faulting only at tractile parts of the basin and three-dimen- ing step-over. The structural geometry and depth. In the western part of the basin, the sional basin asymmetry. Strain partitioning development of Hanmer basin does not con- sediment fill is thinner (<500 m) and is in- is complex and cannot be related simply to form to traditional pull-apart basin models. tensely faulted across the entire basin local reorientation of the regional stress The respective fault segments do not width. field. overlap but are indirectly linked along the Today the rate of basin deepening under southwest margin of the basin by an oblique transtension at the western end is matched INTRODUCTION normal fault. The Hope River segment ter- by its progressive inversion and destruction minates in an array of oblique normal faults under transpression in the eastern sector, The Hanmer basin in northern South Is- along the northwestern basin range front, with the oldest basin fill now being recycled. land, New Zealand, is evolving at a 6- to and east-west-striking normal faults on the We propose a hybrid model for Hanmer 7-km-wide releasing step-over between en west Hanmer Plain. Faulted Holocene allu- strike-slip basin, one in which geometric el- echelon segments of the dextral strike-slip vial-fan surfaces indicate west Hanmer ba- ements of a fault-wedge basin (downward Hope fault (Figs. 1 and 2). The basin has sin is actively subsiding and evolving under and upward tipped, spindle-shaped ends) been frequently cited in the international lit- north-south extension. The Conway seg- are combined with those of a pull-apart ba- erature as one of the best examples of a ment along the southeastern margin of the basin terminates in a complex series of ac- tive fault traces, small pop-up ridges, and graben depressions. Early basin-fill sedi- ments of Pleistocene age are being folded, elevated, and dissected as the eastern part of Hanmer basin is progressively inverted and destroyed by north-south contraction. The north margin of the basin is defined by a series of topographic steps caused by normal faulting outside of the area of the releasing step-over. These normal faults we interpret to reflect large-scale upper crustal collapse of the hanging-wall side of the Hope fault. New seismic reflection data and geologic mapping reveal a persistent longitudinal Figure 1. (A) New Zealand plate boundary setting. HM, Hikurangi Margin oblique and lateral asymmetry to basin develop- subduction zone; AF, Alpine fault; B, region of the Marlborough fault system depicted in ment. Four seismic stratigraphic sequences Figure IB. Bold arrow is plate motion vector after de Mets and others (1990). (B) Marl- identified in the eastern sector of the basin borough fault system and location of Hanmer basin. Hope fault segments: H, Hope River segment; C, Conway segment. Arrows denote sense of relative horizontal displacement, and letters (U = up; D = down) sense of vertical displacement. Bold arrow represents plate *Present address: ORSTOM, Nice, France. motion vector (after de Mets others, 1990). Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 1459-1473, 10 figs., November 1994. 1459 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/106/11/1459/3382008/i0016-7606-106-11-1459.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 Figure 2. (A) Structural setting of Hanmer basin at the step-over between the Hope River and Conway segments of the Hope fault. Shading indicates elevated mountainous terrain. Averaged strike of segments is annotated. Bold arrow indicates relative plate motion vector (after de Mets and others, 1990). LG, Lake Glynn Wye Graben; PG, Poplars Graben. (B) Geologic and géomorphologie map of Hanmer basin. GG, Gabriels Gully; HP, Hanmer Plain; KS, Karaha Station; M, Marchmont Station; MS, Medway Station; TB, pop-up ridge or bulge; T, glacial outwash terrace; WS, Woodbank Station. Dashed/broken lines indicate projected and/or inferred continuation of structures. Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/106/11/1459/3382008/i0016-7606-106-11-1459.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 HANMER BASIN, HOPE FAULT, NEW ZEALAND structural depression, conforming closely to Prior to our study, understanding of the The Hope fault changes strike across traditional pull-apart basin models (Schu- Hanmer basin was based on reconnaissance Hanmer basin from 083° ± 10° along the bert, 1980; Reading, 1980; Aydin and Nur, geologic mapping (Cotton, 1947; Clayton, Hope River segment west of the basin, to 1982, 1985; Mann and others, 1983; 1966; Freund, 1971), a few shallow drill about 065° ± 5° along the eastern Conway Christie-Blick and Biddle, 1985; Sylvester, holes (Thompson, 1966), and analysis of segment (Fig. 2). Historically the Hope 1988). We present here newly acquired seis- gravity anomalies (Anderson, 1987). In this River segment last ruptured coseismically in mic reflection data and detailed geologic paper we present analysis of newly acquired 1888 (Cowan, 1991), and it is clear from the mapping that reveal a strongly asymmetric seismic reflection data collected by the detailed report by McKay (1890) that rup- longitudinal and transverse basin geometry former New Zealand Department of Sci- ture was arrested at Hanmer basin. Paleo- and deformation extending well outside the entific and Industrial Research (DSIR) seismic studies completed in recent years immediate step-over width. The new data (Wood, 1991; Bannister and others, 1992) suggest that the Hope River and Conway reveal a structural geometry conflicting with and recently completed detailed field map- segments are seismically independent published interpretations of Hanmer basin ping. These new data have allowed us to de- (Cowan, 1990, 1991; Cowan and McGlone, as a "classic" pull-apart. velop an improved three-dimensional un- 1991; McMorran, 1991; W. B. Bull, 1991, Structurally controlled rhombic and lazy- derstanding of the basin structure and its personal commun.), indicating that a struc- z-shaped depressions along major strike-slip evolution. Our results are discussed in the tural break exists across Hanmer basin. faults are usually interpreted using well-es- light of the alternative models for strike-slip The Hope River segment represents a tablished theoretical and empirical pull- basin development, and we briefly consider zone of transtension subparallel to the azi- apart basin models (for example, Crowell, the implications of strain partitioning in a muth of the relative plate motion vector 1974a, 1974b; Rodgers, 1980; Mann and transpressive plate boundary setting. (264° ± 10°) (de Mets and others, 1990) and others, 1983; Christie-Blick and Biddle, defines a 30-km-long releasing bend within 1985; Aydin and Nur, 1985). Such basins the Hope fault zone (Cowan, 1991). Several evolve progressively at releasing step-overs STRUCTURAL SETTING basins have evolved at self-similar releasing or bends between major en echelon strike- bends and step-overs along this fault seg- slip fault segments. Basin dimensions are The Hanmer basin formed on the Hope ment, ranging in width from several hun- controlled by the perpendicular-to-strike fault, the southern and most active element dred meters (Lake Glynn Wye Graben, Pop- step-over width and the overlap of the of the 80-km-wide Marlborough fault sys- lars Graben) to >5 km (Hanmer basin) bounding fault segments. Secondary inter- tem. This fault system is that part of the Pa- (Fig. 2) (Clayton, 1966; Freund, 1971,1974; connecting normal and oblique normal cific-Australia plate boundary zone that Cowan, 1990). In this context Hanmer basin faults strike diagonally between the master transects the continental crust of the north- represents a major segment boundary bounding faults, and it is across these that ern South Island, connecting the oblique- (Cowan, 1991). basins are "symmetrically" extended. Freund slip Alpine fault along the west coast of The main surface trace of the Hope fault (1971) (see also Mann and others, 1983) South Island (for example, Norris and oth- is only partially preserved in the Hope- studied several basins along the Hope fault ers, 1990) to the west-directed oblique sub- Waiau river valley southwest of Hanmer ba- and proposed a basin model in which the duction zone offshore the east coast of sin. This is primarily because a restraining master fault segments are not strike-parallel North Island and northeastern South Island bend of about 12° in the fault trace —3 km but converge across the releasing step-over (for example, Lewis and Pettinga, 1993). west of the basin projects the active trace or bend. In the case of Hanmer basin, The Hanmer basin, as defined by the ex- northeast across the valley floor and active Freund also noted that the two strike-slip tent of Hanmer Plain, formed between the flood plain where it is concealed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 7.8
    PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth RESEARCH ARTICLE Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 10.1002/2017JB015168 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand Key Points: Wenbin Xu1 , Guangcai Feng2, Lingsen Meng3 , Ailin Zhang3, Jean Paul Ampuero4 , • Complex coseismic ground 5 6 deformation can be explained by slip Roland Bürgmann , and Lihua Fang on six crustal fault segments 1 2 • Rupture process across multiple faults Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, School of 3 likely resulted from a triggering Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China, Department of Earth Planetary and Space cascade between crustal faults Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 4Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, • Rupture speed was overall slow, but Pasadena, CA, USA, 5Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 6Institute of locally faster along individual fault segments Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China Supporting Information: Abstract Large earthquakes often do not occur on a simple planar fault but involve rupture of multiple • Supporting Information S1 • Data Set S1 geometrically complex faults. The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, involved the rupture of • Data Set S2 at least 21 faults, propagating from southwest to northeast for about 180 km. Here we combine space • Data Set S3 geodesy and seismology techniques to study subsurface fault geometry, slip distribution, and the kinematics of the rupture. Our finite-fault slip model indicates that the fault motion changes from predominantly Correspondence to: W. Xu, G. Feng, and L. Meng, right-lateral slip near the epicenter to transpressional slip in the northeast with a maximum coseismic surface [email protected]; displacement of about 10 m near the intersection between the Kekerengu and Papatea faults.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Quaternary Faulting in the Kaikoura Region, Southeastern Marlborough, New Zealand
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Russell J. Van Dissen for the degree of Master of Science in Geology presented on February 15, 1989. Title: Late Quaternary Faulting in the Kaikoura Region, Southeastern Marlborough, New Zealand Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: Dr. Robert 8.0eats Active faults in the Kaikoura region include the Hope, Kekerengu, and Fidget Faults, and the newly discovered Jordan Thrust, Fyffe, and Kowhai Faults. Ages of faulted alluvial terraces along the Hope Fault and the Jordan Thrust were estimated using radiocarbon-calibrated weathering-rind measurements on graywacke clasts. Within the study area, the Hope Fault is divided, from west to east, into the Kahutara, Mt. Fyffe, and Seaward segments. The Kahutara segment has a relatively constant Holocene right-lateral slip rate of 20-32 mm/yr, and an earthquake recurrence interval of 86 to 600 yrs: based on single-event displacements of 3 to 12 m. The western portion of the Mt. Fyffe segment has a minimum Holocene lateral slip rate of 16 + 5 mm/yr .(southeast side up); the eastern portion has horizontal and vertical slip rates of 4.8+ 2.7 mm/yr and 1.7 + 0.2 mm/yr, respectively (northwest side up). There is no dated evidence for late Quaternary movementon the Seaward segment, and its topographic expression is much more subdued than that of the two western segments. The Jordan Thrust extends northeast from the Hope Fault, west of the Seaward segment. The thrust has horizontal and vertical slip rates of 2.2 + 1.3 mm/yr and 2.1 + 0.5 mm/yr, respectively (northwest side up), and a maximum recurrence interval of 1200 yrs: based on 3 events within the last 3.5 ka.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoseismology and Slip Rate of the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault at Greenburn Stream, South Island, New Zealand
    ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 46, N. 5, October 2003 Paleoseismology and slip rate of the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault at Greenburn Stream, South Island, New Zealand Robert Langridge (1), Jocelyn Campbell (2), Nigel Hill (1), Verne Pere (2), James Pope (2), Jarg Pettinga (2), Beatriz Estrada (2) and Kelvin Berryman (1) (1) Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand (2) Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract The Conway Segment of the dextral-slip Hope Fault is one of the fastest slipping fault segments along New Zealand’s plate boundary, but has not ruptured co-seismically in the historic period and little paleoseismic data exist to constrain its large earthquake record. Two paleoseismic trenches were opened adjacent to Greenburn Stream near Kaikoura for the 2001 ILP Paleoseismology Conference. Both trenches were excavated into deposits ponded against an uphill-facing shut- ter scarp. Trench 1, dug through a cobbly soil and surface deposit was dominated by a thick fan/fluvial sequence that was radiocarbon dated at 4409 ± 60 C14 years BP (4844-5288 cal years BP) at the base of the trench. This trench exhibited evidence of complex deformation from many paleoseismic events. The most recent earthquakes are difficult to constrain due to a lack of cover stratigraphy on the fan deposits. However, the modern soil appears to be faulted and is covered by cobbles with a weathering rind-derived age of 220 ± 60 years. Trench 2, dug ¾ 50 m to the west has an expanded sequence of the younger cover deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • Earthquake Hazards: 10 Years of Learning from Earthquakes
    Earthquake Hazards: 10 years of learning from earthquakes Nicola Litchfield on behalf of many others… NHRP & RNC Forum, Te Papa Tongarewa 30 May 2019 GNS Science Where we were in 2009 2010 National Seismic • 2010 NSHM update nearly Hazard Model faults complete, Active Fault Model https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Our-Science/Natural-Hazards-and-Risks/Earthquakes/Earthquake- Forecast-and-Hazard-Modelling/2010-National-Seismic-Hazard-Model https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/suppl/10.1080/00288306.2013.854256?scroll=top GNS Science Where we were in 2009 • 2010 NSHM update nearly complete, Active Fault Model • 2009 M7.8 Dusky Sound Earthquake showed minimal coastal deformation and tsunami Clark et al. (2011) GNS Science Where we were in 2009 • 2010 NSHM update nearly complete, Active Fault Model • 2009 M7.8 Dusky Sound Earthquake showed minimal coastal deformation and tsunami • Alpine Fault long (24) paleoearthquake record project underway Berryman et al. (2012) Clark et al. (2013) Biasi et al. (2015) Cochran et al. (2017) GNS Science Where we were in 2009 • 2010 NSHM update nearly complete, Active Fault Model • 2009 M7.8 Dusky Sound Earthquake showed minimal coastal deformation and tsunami • Alpine Fault long (24) paleoearthquake record project underway • No Lidar data – first Lidar (Alpine Langridge et al. (2014) Fault) collected 2010 GNS Science 2010-2011 Christchurch Earthquakes • Complex rupture including blind faults • Prolonged aftershock sequence / triggering • Locally very high ground motions due to local site effects • Secondary impacts – liquefaction, landslides, subsidence GNS Science Lessons learned from Christchurch projects Offshore Canterbury active faults Hidden Faults Under Cities (Dunedin pilot study) Gravity InSAR Barnes et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure of the Hanmer Strike-Slip Basin, Hope Fault, New Zealand
    Structure of the Hanmer strike-slip basin, Hope fault, New Zealand /l&VWd&Q .ta, G%+\..ip Ø A. Iizsfitiite of Geolo@~laiid Nirckear Scieiices Ltd., P.O. B0.x J320, Welliiigtoii, hhv Zealaiid RAY WOOD I JARG R. PElTINGA Dep;oclrrnreiit of Geolog: Uiziiwsip of Cariterbriiy, Cliristclizircli, AJew Zealaiid SPHENB"ls~R~ Iiistitute of Geological mid Nuclear Scieiices Ltd.., P. O. Box 1320, TVelliiigtoii, Neiv Zealarid *%??%!zORRAN Deyni-tiueiit of Gcologv. Uiiiivrsit)' of CaiiteiSriiy, Cliri~t~hrircl~,New Zcaluird ABSTRACT thicken and are tilted southward, with in- sin (step-over region between the major sequence lateral onlaps occurring to the fault segments). \Ye also conclude that Nannier basin (10 x 20 km), located in north and east, and also onto basement changes in fault geometry (releasing and re- northern South Island, New Zealand, is near the fault-controlled basin margins. straining bends and step-overs) at a variety evolving where two major segments of tfie The basin depocenter currently contains of scales and over short distances control dextral strike-slip Hope fault are projected > 1000 ni of sediment adjacent to the south the development of the extensile and con- to converge across a 6- to 7-kni-wide releas- margin and is disrupted by faulting only at tractile parts of the basin and three-dinien- ing step-over. The structural geometry and depth. In the western part of the basin, the sional basin asymmetry. Strain partitioning developnient of Ilannier basin does not con- sediment fill is thinner ("5ni) and is in- is complex and caiinot be related simply to form to traditional puli-apart basin models.
    [Show full text]
  • This Document Is Downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore
    This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore. How complex is the 2016 M w 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, Title South Island, New Zealand? Shi, Xuhua; Wang, Yu; Liu-Zeng, Jing; Weldon, Ray; Author(s) Wei, Shengji; Wang, Teng; Sieh, Kerry Shi, X., Wang, Y., Liu-Zeng, J., Weldon, R., Wei, S., Wang, T.,& Sieh, K. (2017). How complex is the 2016 M Citation w 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, South Island, New Zealand?. Science Bulletin, 62(5), 309-311. Date 2017 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10220/42290 Rights © 2017 The Author(s). Science Bulletin 62 (2017) 309–311 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science Bulletin journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scib News & Views How complex is the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, South Island, New Zealand? ⇑ Xuhua Shi a, , Yu Wang a, Jing Liu-Zeng b, Ray Weldon c, Shengji Wei a, Teng Wang a, Kerry Sieh a a Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore b State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China c Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA A powerful earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 complicated Marlborough fault system [1] to diffusively accommo- occurred in the Kaikoura region, South Island, New Zealand, at date the oblique plate convergence at a rate of 40 mm/year. The 00:02:56 AM (local time), 14 November 2016. According to the Marlborough fault system includes four major right-lateral strike- Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS) in New Zealand, slip faults conveying onto the Alpine Fault, from north to south, the the earthquake epicenter was at 42.69 °S, 173.02 °E, about 90 km Wairau, Awatere, Clarence and Hope faults (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Masonry Buildings in the 2010/2011 Canterbury Earthquake Swarm and Implications for Australian Cities
    Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2011 Conference, Nov 18-20, Barossa Valley, South Australia Performance of Masonry Buildings in the 2010/2011 Canterbury Earthquake Swarm and Implications for Australian Cities Jason M. Ingham1, Lisa Moon2 and Michael C. Griffith3 1. Corresponding Author. Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Email: [email protected] 2. Doctoral Fellow, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Email: [email protected] 3. Professor, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Email: [email protected] Abstract Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings have repeatedly been shown to perform poorly in large magnitude earthquakes, with both New Zealand and Australia having a history of past earthquakes that have resulted in fatalities due to collapsed URM buildings. A comparison is presented here of the URM building stock and the seismic vulnerability of Christchurch and Adelaide in order to demonstrate the relevance to Australian cities of observations in Christchurch resulting from the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquake swarm. It is shown that the materials, architecture and hence earthquake strength of URM buildings in both countries is comparable and that Adelaide and other cities of Australia have seismic vulnerability sufficient to cause major damage to their
    [Show full text]
  • Progressive Evolution of Step-Overs and Bends
    Tectonophysics 392 (2004) 279–301 www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Four-dimensional transform fault processes: progressive evolution of step-overs and bends John Wakabayashia,*, James V. Hengeshb, Thomas L. Sawyerc a Wakabayashi Geologic Consulting, 1329 Sheridan Lane, Hayward, CA 94544, USA b William Lettis and Associates, 999 Anderson Dr., Suite 140, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA c Piedmont Geosciences, Inc., 10235 Blackhawk Dr., Reno, NV 89506, USA Available online 10 June 2004 Abstract Many bends or step-overs along strike–slip faults may evolve by propagation of the strike–slip fault on one side of the structure and progressive shut-off of the strike–slip fault on the other side. In such a process, new transverse structures form, and the bend or step-over region migrates with respect to materials that were once affected by it. This process is the progressive asymmetric development of a strike–slip duplex. Consequences of this type of step-over evolution include: (1) the amount of structural relief in the restraining step-over or bend region is less than expected; (2) pull-apart basin deposits are left outside of the active basin; and (3) local tectonic inversion occurs that is not linked to regional plate boundary kinematic changes. This type of evolution of step-overs and bends may be common along the dextral San Andreas fault system of California; we present evidence at different scales for the evolution of bends and step-overs along this fault system. Examples of pull-apart basin deposits related to migrating releasing (right) bends or step-overs are the Plio- Pleistocene Merced Formation (tens of km along strike), the Pleistocene Olema Creek Formation (several km along strike) along the San Andreas fault in the San Francisco Bay area, and an inverted colluvial graben exposed in a paleoseismic trench across the Miller Creek fault (meters to tens of meters along strike) in the eastern San Francisco Bay area.
    [Show full text]
  • How Complex Is the 2016 M W 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, South Island, New Zealand?
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. How complex is the 2016 M w 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, South Island, New Zealand? Shi, Xuhua; Wang, Yu; Liu‑Zeng, Jing; Weldon, Ray; Wei, Shengji; Wang, Teng; Sieh, Kerry 2017 Shi, X., Wang, Y., Liu‑Zeng, J., Weldon, R., Wei, S., Wang, T.,& Sieh, K. (2017). How complex is the 2016 M w 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, South Island, New Zealand?. Science Bulletin, 62(5), 309‑311. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/82097 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2017.01.033 © 2017 The Author(s). Downloaded on 07 Oct 2021 21:28:25 SGT Science Bulletin 62 (2017) 309–311 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science Bulletin journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scib News & Views How complex is the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, South Island, New Zealand? ⇑ Xuhua Shi a, , Yu Wang a, Jing Liu-Zeng b, Ray Weldon c, Shengji Wei a, Teng Wang a, Kerry Sieh a a Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore b State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China c Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA A powerful earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 complicated Marlborough fault system [1] to diffusively accommo- occurred in the Kaikoura region, South Island, New Zealand, at date the oblique plate convergence at a rate of 40 mm/year. The 00:02:56 AM (local time), 14 November 2016. According to the Marlborough fault system includes four major right-lateral strike- Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS) in New Zealand, slip faults conveying onto the Alpine Fault, from north to south, the the earthquake epicenter was at 42.69 °S, 173.02 °E, about 90 km Wairau, Awatere, Clarence and Hope faults (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Ground Motion Modelling of an Alpine Fault Earthquake and a Hope Fault Earthquake for Main South Island Cities (NZ), GNS Science Consultancy Report 2014/257
    DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science) exclusively for and under contract to EQC. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by GNS Science, GNS Science accepts no responsibility for any use of, or reliance on, any contents of this report by any person other than EQC and shall not be liable to any person other than EQC, on any ground, for any loss, damage or expense arising from such use or reliance. The data presented in this report are available to GNS Science for other use from November 2014. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Holden, C. 2014. Ground motion modelling of an Alpine fault earthquake and a Hope fault earthquake for main South Island cities (NZ), GNS Science Consultancy Report 2014/257. 24 p. Project Number 410W1399-00 Confidential 2014 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... IV 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 METHOD .................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 A CHARACTERIZED SOURCE MODEL .................................................................... 6 2.2 COMPUTING HYBRID SEISMOGRAMS .................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Stochastic approach for frequencies above 1Hz ................................................ 7 2.2.2 Discrete wavenumber approach for frequencies
    [Show full text]
  • The Transpressive Mt Fyffe and Seaward Segments of the Hope Fault, Marlborough Fault System, New Zealand
    Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-2829, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. The Transpressive Mt Fyffe and Seaward Segments of the Hope Fault, Marlborough Fault System, New Zealand Jarg Pettinga (1), Philip Barnes (2), Jon Bull (3), Peter Gerring (2), and John Collins (4) (1) Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ([email protected]), (2) National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington (NIWA), New Zealand, (3) Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, United Kingdom , (4) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, United States of America In this onshore to offshore study we focus on the northeastern sections of the high slip-rate Hope Fault (19- 28mm/year), a major element of the NZ plate boundary zone. By combining marine EM2040 multi-beam bathymetry data and seismic reflection profiles, with onshore high-resolution LiDAR and tectonic geomorphol- ogy field mapping we provide new insights into the location, structural style, segmentation, and slip-rate variations along the Mt Fyfe and Seaward sections of the Hope Fault in NE South Island. Onshore the predominantly dextral shear, high slip-rate (23±4mm/year) Conway segment of the Hope Fault inland and SW of Mt Fyffe, abruptly transitions to a wide, complex transpressive deformation zone along the Mt Fyffe rangefront. Shallow-level fault slip partitions into strike-slip, thrust and normal splays. Prominent thrust “flaps”, driven by the topographic loading of the overriding Mt Fyffe block, have propagated and widened the fault zone by up to ∼1 km into the SE footwall block, deforming alluvial fans and unstable slopes, with several of these thrusts accommodating minor slip (<0.5m) during the 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura¯ Earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • Active Faults and Folds in the Hurunui District, North Canterbury D.J.A
    General distribution and characteristics of active faults and folds in the Hurunui District, North Canterbury D.J.A. Barrell D.B. Townsend GNS Science Consultancy Report 2012/113 Environment Canterbury Report R12/39 June 2012 DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science) exclusively for and under contract to Environment Canterbury. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by GNS Science, GNS Science accepts no responsibility for any use of, or reliance on any contents of this Report by any person other than Environment Canterbury and shall not be liable to any person other than Environment Canterbury, on any ground, for any loss, damage or expense arising from such use or reliance. The data presented in this Report are available to GNS Science for other use from June 2012. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Barrell, D.J.A. and Townsend, D.B. 2012. General distribution and characteristics of active faults and folds in the Hurunui District, North Canterbury. GNS Science Consultancy Report 2012/113. 45 p. © Environment Canterbury Report No. R12/39 ISBN 978-1-927210-31-4 Project Number: 440W1452 2012 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ III 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 2.0 INFORMATION SOURCES .......................................................................................... 4 3.0 GEOLOGICAL
    [Show full text]