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A Revision of the Australian Funnel-Web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae)

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A Revision of the Australian Funnel-Web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae) © The Author, 2010. Journal compilation © Australian Museum, Sydney, 2010 Records of the Australian Museum (2010) Vol. 62: 285–392. ISSN 0067-1975 doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556 A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae) Michael R. GRay Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] abstRact. The Australian funnel-web spiders of the subfamily Atracinae are revised. The Atracinae are divided into three genera—Atrax O.P.-Cambridge with three species (two new), Hadronyche L. Koch with 31 species (18 new), and Illawarra n.gen. with one new species. Hadronyche is divided into four species groups—the lamingtonensis, adelaidensis, infensa and cerberea groups. Fourteen previously described species are redescribed or diagnosed. Twenty one new species are described: Atrax sutherlandi n.sp., A. yorkmainorum n.sp., Illawarra wisharti n.sp., Hadronyche alpina n.sp., H. emmalizae n.sp., H. marracoonda n.sp., H. monaro n.sp., H. tambo n.sp., H. nimoola n.sp., H. mascordi n.sp., H. jensenae n.sp., H. orana n.sp., H. lynabrae n.sp., H. kaputarensis n.sp., H. levittgreggae n.sp., H. macquariensis n.sp., H. walkeri n.sp., H. raveni n.sp., H. lamingtonensis n.sp., H. annachristiae n.sp. and H. monteithi n.sp. Two species described from Melanesia, H. hirsuta Rainbow and Styphlopis insularis Rainbow, are regarded as nomen dubia. GRay, Michael R., 2010. A revision of the Australian funnel-web spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62(3): 285–392. Contents Taxonomic history...............................................................................................288 Material and methods ..........................................................................................289 Notes on descriptions ..........................................................................................289 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................290 Systematics .........................................................................................................290 Family Hexathelidae Simon .........................................................................290 Subfamily Atracinae Hogg ...........................................................................290 Comments on morphology ..................................................................................292 Keys to Atracinae ..........................................................................................294 Key to genera ................................................................................................294 Key to Atrax species .....................................................................................294 Key to Hadronyche species ..........................................................................294 Atrax O.P.-Cambridge .........................................................................................297 Atrax robustus O.P.-Cambridge ....................................................................299 Atrax yorkmainorum n.sp. ............................................................................302 Atrax sutherlandi n.sp...................................................................................304 Illawarra n.gen. ..................................................................................................308 Illawarra wisharti n.sp. ................................................................................308 286 Records of the Australian Museum (2010) Vol. 62 Hadronyche L. Koch ...........................................................................................311 cerberea species group ........................................................................................312 Hadronyche cerberea L. Koch ......................................................................312 Hadronyche versuta (Rainbow) ....................................................................316 Hadronyche emmalizae n.sp. ........................................................................319 Hadronyche formidabilis (Rainbow) ............................................................322 Hadronyche alpina n.sp. ...............................................................................326 Hadronyche venenata (Hickman) .................................................................329 Hadronyche marracoonda n.sp. ...................................................................332 Hadronyche tambo n.sp. ...............................................................................335 Hadronyche monaro n.sp. .............................................................................337 Hadronyche mascordi n.sp. ..........................................................................339 Hadronyche nimoola n.sp. ............................................................................342 Hadronyche modesta (Simon) ......................................................................346 Hadronyche meridiana Hogg .......................................................................348 Hadronyche jensenae n.sp. ...........................................................................351 Hadronyche pulvinator (Hickman) ...............................................................354 infensa species group ..........................................................................................355 Hadronyche infensa (Hickman) ....................................................................355 Hadronyche orana n.sp. ................................................................................358 Hadronyche valida (Rainbow & Pulleine) ...................................................361 Hadronyche lynabrae n.sp. ...........................................................................364 Hadronyche kaputarensis n.sp. .....................................................................367 Hadronyche macquariensis n.sp. ..................................................................368 Hadronyche walkeri n.sp. .............................................................................371 Hadronyche levittgreggae n.sp. ....................................................................374 lamingtonensis species group .............................................................................377 Hadronyche raveni n.sp. ...............................................................................378 Hadronyche lamingtonensis n.sp. .................................................................379 Hadronyche annachristiae n.sp. ...................................................................381 Hadronyche monteithi n.sp. ..........................................................................383 Hadronyche anzses Raven ............................................................................384 adelaidensis species group ..................................................................................385 Hadronyche flindersi (Gray) .........................................................................385 Hadronyche adelaidensis (Gray) ..................................................................386 Hadronyche eyrei (Gray) ..............................................................................387 References ...........................................................................................................390 Appendix 1 ..........................................................................................................391 Appendix 2 ..........................................................................................................392 The atracine spiders include some of the most venomous Rowell, 2006) and morphological observations suggest that animals in the world. They have been responsible for many many more species await characterization. serious envenomations and at least 13 deaths in Australia Valid distribution records of atracine spiders are limited (Sutherland & Tibballs, 2001). Much of their notoriety can be to eastern Australia, including Tasmania and the Gulf attributed to a single species, Atrax robustus O.P.-Cambridge, region of South Australia—the Eyre Peninsula marks the 1877, better known as the Sydney funnel-web spider. current western limit of the group (Fig. 2; Gray, 1987). Fourteen valid atracine species have been described The description of Hadronyche anzses Raven, 2000 from previously (Table 1)—the first by L. Koch (1873) as the Mosman region in north Queensland greatly extended Hadronyche cerberea. Work by Gray (1986) resulted in knowledge of the northern distribution of the group from its preliminary reports on atracine spider relationships and former known limits in southeastern Queensland. distribution (Gray, 1987, 1988). This publication provides The Atracinae are typically a moist-adapted forest the first taxonomic revision of the group. It includes re- dwelling group, but they can be found in habitats ranging descriptions of valid genera and species, and descriptions of from montane herbland and open woodland to closed forest. a new genus (Illawarra n.gen.) and twenty-one new species Most species are ground dwellers that occupy burrow retreats (Atrax sutherlandi n.sp., A. yorkmainorum n.sp., Illawarra in sheltered microhabitats—under rocks and logs, inside wisharti n.sp., Hadronyche alpina n.sp., H. emmalizae n.sp., rotting logs and stumps, and on stable, vegetated or mossy H. marracoonda n.sp., H. monaro n.sp., H. tambo n.sp., soil
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