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Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan 110

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Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan 110 Flora Profiles Photo: Ian Hutton Scalybark Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan 110 Flora Alyxia lindii Family APOCYNACEAE Description Ecology Scrambling shrub to 2-3m high which tends to Grows more in shade than open sun. climb over other low vegetation. The dark green leaves have milky sap and are arranged in threes. Population data/health The white flowers appear in terminal clusters Scattered as single plants through range. between November and February and are followed by a black, 2cm long fruit. Habitat Conservation significance Semi-shaded forest of lowland ridges. Endemic, widespread but never common. Threats Protected within the Permanent Park Preserve. None known. Distribution References Found mainly on the ridges of the lowland hills Green, P. S. 1994. Flora of Australia , Oceanic i.e. Transit, Intermediate, Mt Eliza. The genus Islands 1, Vol. 49, Australian Government Alyxia consists of about 120 species from India Publishing Service, Canberra. through tropical Asia to Southern China, Malaysia, east and north Australia, and the Hutton, I. 2002. A Field Guide to the Plants of Lord Pacific Islands. Howe Island . Hutton, Lord Howe Island. Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan Appen d i c e s 1 1 1 Flora Alyxia squamulosa Family APOCYNACEAE Description both of these locations, but only scattered rarely elsewhere. Scrambling shrub tending to climb over stunted bushes. The dark green leaves are oblong or Habitat slightly wider at the end and are arranged in Highly restricted habitat on Lord Howe Island. whorls of 4 or 5. They have milky sap. Flowers are Remote, exposed, rocky ridges off the mountains white, sweet-scented and arranged in large at elevations above 600m. The habitat is heads. Fruits are black and around 2cm long, significant in that it contains several plant sometimes with 2 fruits end to end. species rarely found elsewhere, e.g. Gonocarpus Xylosma parvifolium, Geniostoma huttonii, Conservation significance sp., Coprosma inopinata . Endemic and restricted in its range. Protected within the Permanent Park Preserve. Threats Distribution The ridges where this plant mainly grows are very narrow, and walkers accessing these areas High in mountains, particularly on exposed can trample this species. ridges off Mt Gower and Mt Lidgbird, down to 600m. References Flora of Australia Ecology Green, P. S. 1994. , Oceanic Islands 1, Vol. 49, Australian Government Mainly in open sun. Publishing Service, Canberra. Rare plant surveys of Lord Howe Population data/health Hutton, I. 2001. Island. Report prepared for the NSW Scientific The main populations are confined along the Committee, Hurstville. Razorback Ridge and the ridge south east off Mt Hutton, I. 2002. A Field Guide to the Plants of Lord Lidgbird to "The Pimple”. The plant is prolific at Howe Island . Hutton, Lord Howe Island. Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan Appen d i c e s 1 1 2 Flora Apium prostratum ssp. howense Sea Celery Family APIACEAE Description Population data/health A trailing, perennial herb, with stems to 30cm. Fairly common throughout its range. Strongly aromatic when bruised. Leaves are 2- 17cm long and divided into 3. The small flower Habitat clusters are in groups of 1-3 and consist of 8-12 Grows in cracks of calcarenite rock and sand flowers. They are white to pinkish. pockets above the high tide line but can be within the splash zone. Conservation significance Endemic subspecies. Threats Possible crowding by introduced grasses and the Distribution weed Senecio elegans, which is increasing along Coastal calcarenite cliffs and adjacent sand areas calcarenite cliffs from Ned’s Beach to Middle near the sea. Beach. Ecology References Grows in cracks of coralline rocks and sand Green, P. S. 1994. Flora of Australia , Oceanic pockets, above the high water mark, but within Islands 1, Vol. 49, Australian Government the splash zone. Publishing Service, Canberra. Hutton, I. 2002. A Field Guide to the Plants of Lord Howe Island . Hutton, Lord Howe Island. Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan Appen d i c e s 1 1 3 Flora Asplenium goudeyi Family ASPLENIACEAE Description 150cm long on mountain summits in shaded conditions. Fern with fronds ranging from 20cm to 150cm long. Population data/health Conservation significance Common and widespread. Endemic species widespread and common. Habitat Protected within the Permanent Park Preserve. Grows on soil, or as an epiphyte on rocks or Distribution occasionally trees, in sun or shade. Found from sea level to the mountain tops, Threats northern hills and southern mountains. From a None known genus of about 700 species worldwide. References Ecology Jones, D 1996 A new species of Asplenium L. Can tolerate a wide range of conditions – some section Thamnopteris C.Presl. (Aspleniaceae) stunted individuals with 20cm fronds on west from Lord Howe Island. Muelleria 9. facing rock cliffs in full sun, others with fronds Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan Appen d i c e s 1 1 4 Flora Asplenium milnei Family ASPLENIACEAE Description Population data/health A medium sized terrestrial or lithophytic fern Common and widespread. with bright green, shiny, pinnate fronds. The spore cases are linear and 5-10mm long and Habitat follow a lateral nerve on the frond. Common on the forest floor, or sprouting out of calcarenite rocks, Also grows on exposed rocky Conservation significance coastal cliffs. Common endemic. Protected within the Permanent Park Preserve. Threats Rodents eat frond stipes. Distribution Common around the lowlands on calcarenite and References basalt soil, ranging to the mountain tops, but not Green, P. S. 1994. Flora of Australia , Oceanic as common at higher elevations. Genus of 750 Islands 1, Vol. 49, Australian Government species, cosmopolitan. Publishing Service, Canberra. Ecology Grows on basalt and calcarenite soils. On coastal cliffs it is stunted and develops leathery, yellowish fronds. Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan Appen d i c e s 1 1 5 Flora Asplenium pteridoides Family ASPLENIACEAE Description Population data/health A terrestrial fern with coarse, much divided Surveys carried out 2002 indicate that the fronds. species is rare and may be listed as endangered. There are two main populations: Little Pocket on Conservation significance Mount Gower; and the valley south east of Rare endemic fern. Protected within the Mount Lidgbird. Permanent Park Preserve. Habitat Distribution Deep shaded valleys as understorey plant, with Found only in higher parts of the southern canopy of Hedyscepe canterburyana. mountains. Main areas are Little Pocket and valley off south east of Mount Lidgbird. Threats Limited range. Ecology Only found growing in moist areas under deep References shade . Green, P. S. 1994. Flora of Australia , Oceanic Islands 1, Vol. 49, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan Appen d i c e s 1 1 6 Flora Asplenium surrogatum Family ASPLENIACEAE Description Population data/health A medium sized terrestrial or occasionally Widespread an common. epiphytic fern with dark green shiny fronds, with pinnae deeply divided. Habitat Shaded forest floor on basalt soil. Conservation significance Common endemic fern. Threats None known. Distribution Mainly found in the southern mountain areas References from sea level to the summits (where it is more Green, P. S. 1994. Flora of Australia , Oceanic common), and a few moist areas of the northern Islands 1, Vol. 49, Australian Government hills. Publishing Service, Canberra. Ecology A hybrid with A. milnei has been recorded. Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan Appen d i c e s 1 1 7 Flora Atractocarpus stipularis Green Plum Family RUBIACEAE Description A tree to 12m high with large rounded fleshy Population data/health leaves. Common and abundant. Conservation significance Habitat A common endemic species. Protected within the Permanent Park Preserve. Sheltered forest in moister conditions on basalt soil. Distribution Threats Found from sea level to the mountain tops in moist sheltered forests, mainly around the Rats eat seeds. southern mountains. Also a few in the northern hills and Transit Hill. From a genus of 40 species References New Caledonia, PNG, Malesia, Tonga. Green, P. S. 1994. Flora of Australia , Oceanic Islands 1, Vol. 49, Australian Government Ecology Publishing Service, Canberra. Bird dispersed seeds. Seeds germinate Hutton, I. 2002. A Field Guide to the Plants of Lord prolifically. Howe Island . Hutton, Lord Howe Island. Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan Appen d i c e s 1 1 8 Flora Blechnum contiguum Family BLECHNACEAE Description Population data/health A climbing fern with stiff, shiny, dark green Common in its range. fronds; usually epiphytic on logs or tree trunks, climbing with its thick rhizome, rarely terrestrial. Habitat Shaded moist areas of the higher mountain areas. Conservation significance An endemic species. Lord Howe Island is the Threats only location in Australia for this species. None known. Protected within the Permanent Park Preserve. Other comments Distribution There are some differences between the Lord Restricted to the southern mountains above Howe Island and New Caledonia plants. 600m. It is a conspicuous component of the summit cloud forest fern flora. Also found in New References Caledonia. Green, P. S. 1994. Flora of Australia , Oceanic Ecology Islands 1, Vol. 49, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Occurs in cloud forest vegetation. Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan Appen d i c e s 1 1 9 Flora Blechnum fullagarii Family BLECHNACEAE Description Population data/health A terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Fronds Widespread and abundant in its limited range. dimorphic. Habitat Conservation significance Shaded forest of southern mountains. Endemic species restricted to the summits of the southern mountains. Protected within the Threats Permanent Park Preserve. Climate change may change the moisture conditions of the cloud forest on Mount Gower Distribution summit and threaten this species. Confined to Mt Gower above 750 metres, where it is common on the summit. Genus of 220 References species worldwide. Green, P. S. 1994. Flora of Australia , Oceanic Islands 1, Vol.
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