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The Moose Nose Bot Fly Cephenemyia Ulrichii Brauer (Diptera: Oestridae) Reported in Norway for the First Time

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The Moose Nose Bot Fly Cephenemyia Ulrichii Brauer (Diptera: Oestridae) Reported in Norway for the First Time Brief communication The moose nose bot fly Cephenemyia ulrichii Brauer (Diptera: Oestridae) reported in Norway for the first time Arne C. Nüssen & Rolf E. Haugerud. Zoology Department, Tromsø Museum, N-9006 Tromsø, Norway Key words: throat bot fly, pharyngeal bot fly, Fennoscandia, distribution Rangifer, 14 (2): 89-92 Introduction Sweden during 1979-86 (Steen et al, 1988). Nose or pharyngeal bot flies in the genus This may indicate that this parasite is expand• Cephenemyia (Diptera: Oestridae) are obligate ing its distribution, C. ulrichii has never been parasites with larvae inhabiting the nasal cavi• reported from Norway despite the fact that a ty, pharynx and throat of cervids (Zumpt, large population of moose exists there. The 1965). Four species are present in Europe: C. purpose of this investigation was to determine trompe (Modeer) in reindeer Rangifer taran- whether C. ulrichii has reached Norway. dus; C. stimulator (Clark) in roe deer. Capre- olus capreolus; C. auribarbis (Meigen) in red Material and methods deer Census elaphus and fallow deer Dama A survey of the occurrence of C. ulrichii in dama; and C. ulrichii Brauer in moose Alces Norwegian moose was performed on heads of alces (Zumpt, 1965; Grunin, 1966; Nilssen & 23 moose calves (6-7 months of age) from 6 Haugerud, 1990). separate areas (Table 1 'and Fig. 1). The moose Moose are distributed in northern and eas• were shot by hunters in September - October tern Europe (Niethammer & Krapp, 1986). 1987 at a time when C. ulrichii is in its first Their highly host specific nose bot fly, C. ulri• instar and only 1-3 mm long. The special rin• chii, only partially accompanies its host sing and sieving technique described for sam• (Zumpt, 1965). When present, moose are often pling first instar larvae of C. trompe in reindeer very heavily infected. Young calves, in particu• (Nilssen & Haugerud, submitted) was used. In lar, are said to show high mortality when they short, heads were split, and the turbinates, eth• harbour large numbers of larvae (Zumpt, 1965; moid labyrinths and the nasal septum were Grunin, 1966). In Fennoscandia, C. ulrichii carefully loosened and the sinuses opened. was previously only known from Finland The loosened material, as well as the «emptied» (Frey, 1914; Brander, 1963; Valtonen, 1972; cavity of the nasal channel, the sinuses, and Mikkola et al, 1982; Andersson, 1988) but has the throat/pharynx complex were rinsed with been reported from a large area in northern tap water through a funnel. The rinsed material Rangifer, 14 (2), 1994 89 Table 1. Results of sampling of Lj-larvae of C. ulrichii in Norwegian moose. All animals sampled were calves (6-7 months of age) shot in September - October 1987. Location Number Area Geographic Number of (see Fig. 1) of moose sampled position -larvae investigated detected 1 2 Ringsaker 60°50'N, 10°45'E 0 2 5 Ytre Rendalen 6l°45'N, 11°15'E 0 3 8 Bardu • 68°45'N, 18°30'E 0 4 4 Senja 69°15'N, 17°30'E 0 5 1 Kvænangen 69°30'N, 22°E 0 6 3 Pasvik 69°30'N, 30°E 6(n=l) # C. ulrichii present O C. ulrichii not present Fig. 1. Distribution of moose (Alces akes) (light gray) (modified after Niethammer & Krapp 1986) and the known distribution of moose nose bot fly {Cephenemyia ulrichii) (hatched areas) in northernmost Europe (Brander, 1963, Valtonen, 1972, Leena Oksanen, pers. comm.). The finds in Sweden are from 1979-86 as reported by Stéen et al. (1988). The arrows show the probable invasion routes of the parasite. 90 Rangifer, 14 (2), 1994 was sieved through a Nylon mesh, and the resi• due was examined and the larvae counted under a dissecting microscope. Results C. ulrichii (6 larvae) was only found in one head belonging to a moose calf from Pasvik in North-Eastern Norway (Table 1 and Fig. 1). The number of rows of denticles on the segments and the spines on the anal pecten were used as diagnostic characters. larvae of C. ulrichii have 15-22 (mostly 17) hook-like spines on the anal pecten, whereas C. trompe, which is com• mon on reindeer in the area, has only 12-14 spines (Zumpt, 1965). Our specimens had 18 spines on the anal pecten, and consequently can be identified with certainty as C. ulrichii (Fig. 2). An unpublished and un-checked find of third instar nose bot fly larvae from a moose from the same area in Norway in 1980 may also have been C. ulrichii (Steinar Wikan, pers. comm.). Discussion Fig. 1 gives the distribution of moose and its parasite C. ulrichii in northernmost Europe. C. ulrichii has long since been known from Finland (Frey, 1914; Brander, 1963; Valtonen, 1972; Mikkola et al., 1982) and the recent finds from northern Sweden (Steen et al., 1988), together with the present find in northeastern Norway, may reflect that this bot fly is "inva• ding" the rest of Scandinavia (see arrows in Fig. 1). Possibly, this is a result of the fact that the moose has increased in abundance and distri• bution in most of Scandinavia in this century. The parasite, however, is not easily observed during the hunting season (September - November) owing to the small size of the lar• vae. All recordings from Sweden were of third instar larvae from moose killed accidentally during spring (Steen et al., 1988). The samp• ling technique used here, originally developed for C. trompe from reindeer (Nilssen & Hauge¬ rud, submitted), makes it possible to detect small first instar Cephenemyia larvae. Conclusion Our conclusion is that C. ulrichii has reached the northeastern part of Norway (Pasvik). A further expansion of this parasite may be expected in Norway as well as in southern Fig. 2. C. ulrichii larvae (first instar) found in moose Sweden. This study shows that moose can be in Pasvik in northeastern Norway. There are 18 sampled for C. ulrichii with the described tech• hooks on the anal pecten which distinguishes it nique in the hunting season when the larvae from the reindeer nose bot fly C. trompe. Photo: are in their first instar. The diagnostic charac- Mike Kearney. Rangifer, 14 (2), 1994 91 ters shown in Fig. 2 can be used to distinguish Niethammer, J. & Krapp, F. 1986. Handbuch der C. ulrichii from congeneric species. Säugetiere Europas. Bd. 2. AULA-Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden. 463 pp. Acknowledgements Nüssen, A. C. & Haugerud, R. E. 1990. Bot flies (Oestridae) parasitizing Scandinavian Cervidae. Various hunters are thanked for providing us with Trans. 19th IUBG Congress, Trondheim 1989: 238¬ host material. Mike Kearney took the microphoto- 242. graphs. Nüssen, A. C. & Haugerud, R. E. (submitted to Can. J. Zool.) Epizootiology of the reindeer nose References bot fly Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer) (Diptera: Andersson, H. 1988. De svenska styngen. Ent. Oestridae) in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus (L.) in Tidskr. 109: 31-41. Norway. Brander, T. 1963- (Observations on Cephenomyia Steen, M., Chirico, J. & Christenson, D. 1988. 16: ulrichii in moose in Finland). Suomen Riista Cephenemyia Ulrichii Brauer 1862, in Swedish 83-91. Moose. Acta vet. scand. 29: 265-266. Frey, R. 1914. Cephenomyia ulrichii Brauer, en på Valtonen, M. 1972. (Preliminary study of the preva• alg lefvande, for landet ny oestrid. Medd. Soc. pro. lence and distribution of nose botfly (.Cepheno• Fauna Flora Fenn. 40: 117-119. myia ulrichii Brauer) in the moose in Finland) (In 1966. Grunin, K. J. Oestridae. In: E. Lindnér (ed.) Finnish, with English summary). Suomen Riista 24: Die Fliegen derpalaearktischen Region. Stuttgart. 8 28-32. (64 a):' -97. 1 Zumpt, F. 1965. Myiasis in man and animals in the Mikkola, K., Silvennoinen, J. & Hackman, W. old world. London, Butterworth & Co. 1-257. 1982. Hirven nenasaivartajan aiheuttama ihmisen oftalmomyiaasi. (In Finnish). Duodecim 98 (13): 1022-1025. Manuscript accepted 22 September, 1994 92 Rangifer, 14 (2), 1994 .
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