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Received Equal Treatment from the Crown Wai 2500, #A254 Māori Returned Servicemen and the Omana, Awamate, Huramua, and Rakaukaka Farm Settlements, Gisborne and Wairoa District, c. 1920 – 1958 Esther McGill 5 June 2020 Commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for the Military Veterans Kaupapa Inquiry (Wai 2500) 2 The Author Esther McGill is an historian based in Wellington. Esther holds a Master of Arts (first class) in History from the University of Melbourne, and a Bachelor of Arts (Honours, first class) in History from Victoria University, Wellington. She worked as an independent contractor for the Waitangi Tribunal Unit from 2007 to 2010, providing drafting assistance to Waitangi Tribunal panels. Esther returned to the Waitangi Tribunal Unit in 2019, initially with the Report Writing Team, and subsequently with the Research Services Team where she has assisted with preparatory work and claims analysis for the Mana Wāhine Inquiry (Wai 2700). She was previously contracted to undertake historical research and writing for academics at universities in Auckland and Melbourne, including conducting archival research on the Waipa River. Acknowledgements This report could not have been completed without the input and support of a number of people, for which the author is very grateful. The author would like to thank the claimants and their counsel, David Stone, for their correspondence in the early stages of this report. Jody Toroa and Stan Pardoe provided key information for chapter 4 of this report. The author is also grateful for the help provided by staff at several archival institutions. Christine Edney aided with accessing military personnel archives held at the New Zealand Defence Force Personnel Archives in Trentham. Stephanie van Gaalen aided with accessing a large quantity of files in a short amount of time at Archives New Zealand’s regional office in Auckland. Staff at Archives New Zealand’s regional office in Wellington provided assistance on numerous occasions. Within the Waitangi Tribunal Unit, Noel Harris helped with maps and plans, including creating the maps that appear throughout the report. Suzanne Woodley provided supervision throughout the research and drafting process. 3 Contents The Author .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 List of Maps ............................................................................................................................................. 6 List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Map 1: The Awamate, Huramua, Omana, and Rakaukaka Farm Settlements within the Gisborne and Wairoa inquiry districts ................................................................................................................ 8 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Background to this report ................................................................................................................... 9 The Claims ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Structure of this report ..................................................................................................................... 12 Methodology of this report .............................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 1 – The Legislative and Policy Framework .............................................................................. 15 Background context .......................................................................................................................... 15 Post-World War One Legislation ................................................................................................... 15 Post-World War Two Legislation .................................................................................................. 18 Chapter 2 – Omana Settlement ............................................................................................................ 23 Map 2: The Omana Settlement location on a present-day topographical map ............................... 23 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 23 The Claims ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 24 Establishment of the Omana Settlement ......................................................................................... 25 The Ballot .......................................................................................................................................... 30 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 37 Chapter 3 – Awamate and Huramua Settlements ................................................................................ 39 Map 3: The Awamate Settlement and Huramua Settlement locations on a present-day topographical map ............................................................................................................................ 39 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 39 The Claims ......................................................................................................................................... 40 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 40 Map 4: The Awamate Settlement location on a present-day topographical map ........................... 42 Awamate Settlement ........................................................................................................................ 42 Selection Process .............................................................................................................................. 47 The Ballot .......................................................................................................................................... 48 4 Map 5: The Huramua Settlement location on a present-day topographical map ............................ 52 Huramua Settlement ........................................................................................................................ 52 Selection Process and Balloting ........................................................................................................ 55 The Settlers ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 64 Chapter 4 – Rakaukaka Farm Settlement ............................................................................................. 65 Map 6: The Rakaukaka Farm Settlement location on a present-day topographical map ................ 65 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 65 The Claims ......................................................................................................................................... 66 Establishment of the Rakaukaka Farm Settlement ........................................................................... 67 Selection Process and Balloting ........................................................................................................ 69 The Settlers ....................................................................................................................................... 77 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 81 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 83 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 88 Primary Sources ................................................................................................................................ 88 Archives ......................................................................................................................................... 88 Newspapers .................................................................................................................................. 93 Other official publications ............................................................................................................
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