DOCSLIB.ORG

Nonlinear Regime Shifts in Holocene Asian Monsoon Variability

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nonlinear Regime Shifts in Holocene Asian Monsoon Variability Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Open Access Clim. Past Discuss., 10, 895–975, 2014 Climate www.clim-past-discuss.net/10/895/2014/ doi:10.5194/cpd-10-895-2014 of the Past CPD © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Discussions 10, 895–975, 2014 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Climate of the Past (CP). Nonlinear regime Please refer to the corresponding final paper in CP if available. shifts in Holocene Asian monsoon Nonlinear regime shifts in Holocene Asian variability monsoon variability: potential impacts on J. F. Donges et al. cultural change and migratory patterns Title Page 1,2 1,3 1 4 1,5 J. F. Donges , R. V. Donner , N. Marwan , S. F. M. Breitenbach , K. Rehfeld , Abstract Introduction and J. Kurths1,6,7 Conclusions References 1Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Tables Figures 2Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden 3 Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, J I Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany 4Geological Institute, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland J I 5Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, Back Close 14473 Potsdam, Germany 6 Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany Full Screen / Esc 7Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 895 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Received: 10 February 2014 – Accepted: 10 February 2014 – Published: 6 March 2014 Correspondence to: J. F. Donges ([email protected]) CPD Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 10, 895–975, 2014 Nonlinear regime shifts in Holocene Asian monsoon variability J. F. Donges et al. Title Page Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures J I J I Back Close Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 896 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract CPD The Asian monsoon system has been recognised as an important tipping element in Earth’s climate. In this work, we apply recurrence networks, a recently devel- 10, 895–975, 2014 oped technique for nonlinear time series analysis of palaeoclimate data, for detect- 5 ing episodes with pronounced changes in Asian monsoon dynamics during the last Nonlinear regime 10 ka in speleothem records from 10 caves covering the major branches of the Asian shifts in Holocene monsoon system. Our methodology includes multiple archives, explicit consideration of Asian monsoon dating uncertainties with the COPRA approach and rigorous significance testing for the variability coexistence of monsoonal regime shifts at multiple locations to ensure a robust detec- 10 tion of continental-scale changes in monsoonal dynamics. This approach enables us J. F. Donges et al. to identify several epochs characterised by nonlinear regime shifts in Asian monsoon variability (8.5–8.0, 5.7–5.4, 4.1–3.6 and 2.8–2.2 ka BP), the timing of which suggests a connection to high-latitude Bond events and other episodes of Holocene rapid cli- Title Page mate change (RCC). Interestingly, we also observe a previously unnoticed episode of Abstract Introduction 15 significantly increased regularity of monsoonal variations around 7.3 ka BP, a timing that is consistent with the typical 1.0–1.5 ka return intervals of Bond events. A possi- Conclusions References ble solar forcing of the detected nonlinear regime shifts in Asian monsoon dynamics is Tables Figures suggested by their co-occurence with pronounced minima and strong variability in solar activity. Drawing on a comprehensive review of the Holocene archeological record in J I 20 the Asian monsoon realm, we find that these regime shifts partly coincide with known major periods of migration, pronounced cultural changes, and the collapse of ancient J I human societies. These findings indicate that also future transitions in monsoonal dy- namics could induce potentially severe socio-economic impacts of climate change. Back Close Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 897 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | 1 Introduction CPD Relationships between past climate change and societal responses in the historical and archeological record have frequently been reported, e.g. increased war frequencies 10, 895–975, 2014 (Zhang et al., 2007), societal conflicts and crises (Hsiang et al., 2011, 2013; Zhang 5 et al., 2011), migrations (Büntgen et al., 2011), and collapse of complex societies such Nonlinear regime as the Akkadian empire (Gibbons, 1993; Cullen et al., 2000), the Egyptian Old Kingdom shifts in Holocene (Stanley et al., 2003), Mayan urban centres (Haug et al., 2003; Kennett et al., 2012) Asian monsoon and Chinese dynasties (Yancheva et al., 2007). While those societal responses are variability generally acknowledged to be driven by multiple factors and societies differ in their 10 vulnerability to changing environmental conditions (Tainter, 1990), investigating climate J. F. Donges et al. as one possible key driver is of large interest in the face of recent anthropogenic climate change (Stocker et al., 2014). In this contribution, we focus on regime shifts in Asian Summer Monsoon dynam- Title Page ics during the last 10 ka and discuss their potential societal impacts such as cultural Abstract Introduction 15 change or migratory patterns. Investigating the Asian monsoon domain is relevant for three reasons: (i) the Asian monsoon is a highly dynamic, vulnerable and multistable Conclusions References system (Zickfeld et al., 2005; Levermann et al., 2009) that has been identified as a po- Tables Figures tential climatic tipping element (Lenton et al., 2008). (ii) Ca. 60 % of the world’s popu- lation are directly affected by the Asian monsoon with monsoon failures having large J I 20 potential consequences for food supply in these regions (Wu et al., 2012). (iii) There are multiple known examples for the collapse of early complex societies in the Asian mon- J I soon realm such as the Harappan culture in the Indus valley (Staubwasser and Weiss, 2006), as well as for the impact of climate change on socio-political developments, Back Close e.g. war frequencies or dynastic changes in China (Zhang et al., 2007; Yancheva et al., Full Screen / Esc 25 2007). Thus, a deeper understanding of past changes in Asian monsoon dynamics and their impact on societies will contribute to being able to better anticipate potential Printer-friendly Version consequences of future climate change in the region. Interactive Discussion 898 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | The Asian Summer Monsoon system is a seasonally recurring wind pattern related to the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and is active from June to Oc- CPD tober. It is nominally separated into the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and the East 10, 895–975, 2014 Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM). The ISM is divided into the Arabian Sea (AS) branch 5 and the Bay of Bengal (BB) branch, which transport moisture from the Indian Ocean towards Arabia and the Indian Peninsula during the summer wet season (Fig. 1). The Nonlinear regime AS branch reaches NE Africa and the Arabian Peninsula before turning east towards shifts in Holocene the west coast of India. The BB branch of the ISM receives much of its moisture from Asian monsoon the Arabian Sea, crosses India and reloads over the Bay of Bengal before moving variability 10 northward until it reaches the Himalaya mountain range. Unable to cross this barrier, it splits into two branches, one moving NW-ward along the Himalaya, the other extending J. F. Donges et al. NE-ward into Tibet and China, where it contributes greatly to the summer rainfall. The EASM transports moisture from the adjacent seas into China and also onto the Tibetan Title Page Plateau. Complex and time-varying interdependencies have been demonstrated to ex- 15 ist between the different branches of the Asian Summer Monsoon system during the Abstract Introduction late Holocene (Feldhoff et al., 2012; Rehfeld et al., 2013) as well as at present (Baker et al., 2014). Conclusions References Our approach is to integrate information on decadal to centennial Asian palaeomon- Tables Figures soonal variability during the Holocene from high-resolution oxygen isotope records 20 from multiple caves, since speleothems are recognised as high-quality palaeoclimate J I archives for the considered time scales and geographical region. Of special importance for the present study is a robust chronology of the included archives, a requirement J I that is met by speleothem records. Focussing on one type of archive and proxy, this Back Close work extends upon and complements several related re-assessment studies (Morrill 25 et al., 2003; Hu et al., 2008; Maher, 2008; Rehfeld et al., 2013). In contrast to earlier Full Screen / Esc work, we focus not only on the intensity of monsoonal rainfall per se, but aim at iden- tifying changes in the complexity of monsoonal variations as important higher-order Printer-friendly Version information contained in the available records. The rationale behind this approach is that regular and, thus, predictable monsoonal variations are crucial for sustained
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HODS of COMPUTING SEDIMENTATION in LAKES and RESERVOIRS a Contribution to the International Hydrological Programme, IHP - II Project A
    2 14. 8 5 M E HODS OF COMPUTING SEDIMENTATION IN LAKES AND RESERVOIRS A contribution to the International Hydrological Programme, IHP - II Project A. 2.6.1 Panel Stevan Bruk, Rapporteur Unesco, Paris lO:£/q.C?SSrf& llsn-. ^2>l Unesco, Paris ~-F::\r>Y J^TCRX'AT.'OfvAL REFERENCE C7.X~RF: ; aAAi. vAT::v.'v ;;;;r/ METHODS OF COMPUTING SEDIMENTATION IN LAKES AND RESERVOIRS A contribution to the International Hydrological Programme, I HP - II Project A. 2.6.1 Panel r- ••••' — - -,-•• „ _ Stevan Bruk, Rapporteur '; t^'^S-^' -^::V WA'r--R SUPPLY | A.\U b -.' -n„. ,,._.,, ,....•"""••" ' ^s Hague .SKI 3iS£ February 1985 The Yugoslav National Committee for the International Hydrological Programme contributed to the printing Of this book Unesco'1985 Printed by the Printing Department of the Jaroslav Cemi Institute for the Development of Water Resources P.O. Box 530,11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia Preface Although the total amount of water on earth is generally assumed to have Remained virtually constant, the rapid growth of population, together with the extension of irrigated agriculture and industrial development, are stressing the quantity and quality aspects of the natural system. Because of the increasing problems, man has begun to realize that he can no longer follow a "use and discard" philosophy ~ either with water resources or any other natural resources. Asa result, the need for a consistent policy of rational management of water resources has become evident. Rational water management, however, should be founded upon a thorough understanding of water availability and movement. Thus, as a contribution to the solution of the worlds water problems, Unesco, in 1965, began the first world-wide programme of studies of the hydrological cycle - the International Hydrological Decade (IHD).
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 152 (2018) 52–68
    Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 152 (2018) 52–68 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asian Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jseaes Full length article Holocene evolution of the Liaohe Delta, a tide-dominated delta formed by T multiple rivers in Northeast China ⁎ Lei Hea,b, Chunting Xuec, Siyuan Yea,b, , Edward Allen Lawsd, Hongming Yuana, Shixiong Yanga, Xiaolei Due a Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, China b Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China c Department of Coastal Geology, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao, China d College of the Coast & Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA e Inspection & Test Center of Marine Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The Liaohe Delta in Northeast China is one of the ecologically important estuarine deltas in China. It has been Sedimentary evolution formed via the accumulation of sediment discharged by four rivers in the Liaohe Plain that enter Liaodong Bay. Climate changes Twenty-seven 30–40 m long cores recovered from the Liaohe Plain and Liaodong Bay were analyzed for sedi- Human impacts mentary characteristics, grain size, foraminifera species, and ages determined by accelerator mass spectrometry Holocene (AMS) 14C to document the stratigraphical sequence and the spatio-temporal evolution of the Liaohe Delta. Our Liaohe Delta results revealed that the sedimentary environments have evolved from fluvial, tidal flat/estuarine, to neritic and finally to a deltaic environment since the Late Pleistocene. The Holocene transgression arrived at the present coastline at ∼8500 cal a BP and flooded the maximum area of land at ∼7000 cal a BP.
    [Show full text]
  • Climatic Variability in Western Victoria
    DROUGHTS AND FLOODING RAINS: A FINE-RESOLUTION RECONSTRUCTION OF CLIMATIC VARIABILITY IN WESTERN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA, OVER THE LAST 1500 YEARS. CAMERON BARR Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Discipline of Geographical and Environmental Studies, University of Adelaide, Australia. 2010 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction This thesis presents the results of a study examining the short-term (approximately 1500 year) history of climatic change from the south-eastern Australian mainland. In order to achieve this, fossil diatom assemblages from sediment cores retrieved from two crater lakes in western Victoria are examined in fine resolution and interpreted through the application of a diatom-conductivity transfer function developed specifically for use in low salinity lake systems. 1.2 Research context In early November 2006, the then Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, called an emergency ‘water summit’ with the premiers of the south-eastern states to discuss the impact of the prevailing drought on water availability in the Murray Darling Basin, a key agricultural region for the nation. At this meeting, the attendees were informed that the drought that was afflicting the region was “the worst in 1000 years” (Shanahan and Warren, 2006). This claim proved so startling that it was widely disseminated through the local and national media and was even reported as far away as the United Kingdom (Vidal, 2006). The Prime Minister, however, remained unconvinced of the veracity of the claim because “there are no records [to verify it against]” (Shanahan and Warren, 2006). This brief exchange between the Nation’s leaders and the press highlights the problems faced by water, agricultural, environmental and social planners in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • 2005 Report on the State of the Environment in China
    2005 Report on the State of the Environment in China State Environmental Protection Administration Table of Contents Environment....................................................................................................................................7 Marine Environment ....................................................................................................................35 Atmospheric Environment...........................................................................................................43 Acoustic Environment ..................................................................................................................52 Solid Wastes...................................................................................................................................56 Radiation and Radioactive Environment....................................................................................59 Arable Land/Land Resources ......................................................................................................62 Forests ............................................................................................................................................67 Grassland.......................................................................................................................................70 Biodiversity....................................................................................................................................75 Climate and Natural Disasters.....................................................................................................81
    [Show full text]
  • Holocene Climatic Changes in the Westerly-Indian Monsoon Realm
    https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-141 Preprint. Discussion started: 17 November 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Holocene climatic changes in the Westerly-Indian Monsoon realm and its anthropogenic impact Nicole Burdanowitz1, Tim Rixen1,2, Birgit Gaye1, Kay-Christian Emeis1,3 1Institute for Geology, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany 5 2Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenforschung (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany 3Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz Center Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany Correspondence to: Nicole Burdanowitz ([email protected]) Abstract. The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) with its rainfall is the lifeline for people living on the Indian subcontinent 10 today and possibly was the driver of the rise and fall of early agricultural societies in the past. Intensity and position of the ISM have shifted in response to orbitally forced thermal land-ocean contrasts. At the northwestern monsoon margins, interactions between the subtropical westerly jet (STWJ) and the ISM constitute a tipping element in the Earth’s climate system, because their non-linear interaction may be a first-order influence on rainfall. We reconstructed marine sea surface temperature (SST), supply of terrestrial material and vegetation changes from a very well-dated sediment core from the 15 northern Arabian Sea to reconstruct the STWJ-ISM interaction. The Holocene record (from 11,000 years) shows a distinct, but gradual, southward displacement of the ISM in the Early to Mid-Holocene, increasingly punctuated by phases of intensified STWJ events that are coeval with interruptions of North Atlantic overturning circulation (Bond events).
    [Show full text]
  • Was the 4.2 Ka Event an Anthropogenic Disaster?
    Open Journal of Ecology, 2016, 6, 613-631 http://www.scirp.org/journal/oje ISSN Online: 2162-1993 ISSN Print: 2162-1985 Was the 4.2 ka Event an Anthropogenic Disaster? Tomasz Jarosław Szczęsny Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland How to cite this paper: Szczęsny, T.J. Abstract (2016) Was the 4.2 ka Event an Anthropo- genic Disaster? Open Journal of Ecology, 6, The article describes a possible impact of demographic explosion during the Neolith 613-631. on local ecosystems and on the global climate as well as the role of this explosion in http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2016.610058 aggravating the course of 4.2 ka cooling event. A possible role of human activity in Received: July 27, 2016 changing the pattern of mid-latitudes westerlies, monsoons and Walker circulation Accepted: September 24, 2016 throughout the Holocene is analyzed. It is explained why during the Holocene Cli- Published: September 27, 2016 matic Optimum (HCO) monsoons could have been weaker than today, not stronger, as it is commonly stated. It is described how during the HCO the humid Tibetan Copyright © 2016 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. Plateau could have repelled the Indian monsoon to the west and the East Asian This work is licensed under the Creative monsoon to the north. The explanation for weaker El Niño-Southern Oscillation Commons Attribution International (ENSO) during HCO is proposed. License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Keywords Open Access Holocene Climatic Optimum, Walker Circulation, Monsoon, Green Sahara Period, 4.2 ka Event 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment and Analysis of Groundwater Overexploitation in China
    E3S Web of Conferences 228, 01008 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122801008 CCGEES 2020 Assessment and analysis of groundwater overexploitation in China Zepeng Li1, Xin He1, *, Chuiyu Lu1 1China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China Abstract: As an important water resource, groundwater has been unreasonably developed for a long time in our country, causing a lot of problems. This paper combines the data from the national groundwater monitoring stations and the groundwater depth data collected locally to statistics and analysis of groundwater overexploitation across the country. Especially in key plains, through the water level variation method. The research results are compared and verified with national authoritative data such as Groundwater Dynamics Monthly Report and predecessors' records in the literature, revealing the current key areas of groundwater overexploitation, and clarifying the importance and urgency of groundwater governance in the future. This study also put forward some suggestions of groundwater overexploitation. groundwater monitoring data recorded in the China 1 Introduction Geological Environment Monitoring Groundwater Yearbook (hereinafter referred to as the yearbook) in 2006 Groundwater resources play an indispensable role in and 2016[6]. The groundwater monitoring wells in the social and economic development, food security, and Yearbook are spatially uneven in terms of regional drinking water safety. In China water resources are distribution. This spatial distribution is directly related to unevenly distributed in the north and south, and the total the utilization of groundwater in the local area: Areas amount of water resources is deficient seriously. As a where groundwater is used frequently are also densely reliable source of water supply, groundwater plays an distributed with observation wells.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Proxy Reconstruction of South Asian Monsoon Variability in Sri Lanka
    Multi-Proxy Reconstruction of South Asian Monsoon Variability in Sri Lanka Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt dem Rat der Chemisch-Geowissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena von MPhil. Kasun Gayantha Henadheera Arachchige geboren am 23.05.1989 in Wathupitiwala, Sri Lanka Gutachter: 1. apl. Prof. Dr. Gerd Gleixner Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie; FSU Jena 2. Prof. Dr. Roland Mäusbacher Institut für Geographie, FSU Jena Tag der Verteidigung: 14.07.2021 Dissertation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, [2021] Acknowledgements First and foremost, I wish to extend my gratitude to my supervisors apl. Prof. Dr. Gerd Gleixner at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Jena, Prof. Dr. Achim Brauer at the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Potsdam, Dr. Patrick Roberts at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Prof. Joyanto Routh at Linköping University, Sweden, and Prof. Dr. Roland Mäusbacher at Friedrich- Schiller University, Jena. Without them, this thesis would not be possible, and I will always be immensely grateful for their guidance and advice throughout the process. I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. Rohana Chandrajith, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, apl. Prof. Dr. Peter Frenzel, IGW, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, and Dr. Anupama Krishnamurthy, French Institute of Pondicherry, India for their collaborations and support that have enabled me to enrich my datasets and expertise through training in novel methods. I thank them for taking the time out to teach me and allow me to develop my toolkit further. I would like to offer my special thanks to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths
    Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths August 2019 The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH a non-profit, federally owned enterprise, implementing international cooperation projects and measures in the field of sustainable development on behalf of the German Government, as well as other national and international clients. The German Energy Transition Expertise for China Project, which is funded and commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), supports the sustainable development of the Chinese energy sector by transferring knowledge and experiences of German energy transition (Energiewende) experts to its partner organisation in China: the China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC), a Chinese think tank for advising the National Energy Administration (NEA) on renewable energy policies and the general process of energy transition. CNREC is a part of Energy Research Institute (ERI) of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Contact: Anders Hove Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH China Tayuan Diplomatic Office Building 1-15-1 No. 14, Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100600 PRC [email protected] www.giz.de/china Table of Contents Executive summary 1 1. The Three Norths region features high water-stress, high coal use, and abundant grasslands 3 1.1 The Three Norths is China’s main base for coal production, coal power and coal chemicals 3 1.2 The Three Norths faces high water stress 6 1.3 Water consumption of the coal industry and irrigation of grassland relatively low 7 1.4 Grassland area and productivity showed several trends during 1980-2015 9 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcano- and Climate-Driven Changes in Atmospheric Dust Sources And
    Volcano- and climate-driven changes in atmospheric dust sources and fluxes since the Late Glacial in Central Europe Gaël Le Roux, Nathalie Fagel, Francois de Vleeschouwer, Michael Krachler, Vinciane Debaille, Peter Stille, Nadine Mattielli, Willem O. van der Knaap, Jacqueline F.N. van Leeuwen, William Shotyk To cite this version: Gaël Le Roux, Nathalie Fagel, Francois de Vleeschouwer, Michael Krachler, Vinciane Debaille, et al.. Volcano- and climate-driven changes in atmospheric dust sources and fluxes since the Late Glacial in Central Europe. Geology, Geological Society of America, 2012, vol. 40, pp. 335-338. 10.1130/G32586.1. hal-00915750 HAL Id: hal-00915750 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00915750 Submitted on 9 Dec 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte (OATAO) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 9954 To link to this article : DOI: 10.1130/G32586.1 URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G32586.1 To cite this version : Le Roux, Gaël and Fagel, Nathalie and De Vleeschouwer, Francois and Krachler, Michael and Debaille, Vinciane and Stille, Peter and Mattielli, Nadine and Van der Knaap, Willem O.
    [Show full text]
  • Heinrich Event - Wikipedia
    Heinrich event - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_event Heinrich event A Heinrich event is a natural phenomenon in which large armadas of icebergs break off from glaciers and traverse the North Atlantic. First described by marine geologist Hartmut Heinrich (Heinrich, H., 1988), they occurred during five of the last seven glacial periods or "ice ages" over the past 640,000 years (Hodell, et al., 2008). Heinrich events are particularly well documented for the last glacial period but notably absent from the penultimate glaciation (Obrochta et al., 2014). The icebergs contained rock mass, which has been eroded by the glaciers, and as they melted, this material was dropped to the sea floor as ice rafted debris (abbreviated to "IRD"). The icebergs' melting caused extensive amounts of fresh water to be added to the North Atlantic. Such inputs of cold and fresh water may well have altered the density-driven, thermohaline circulation patterns of the ocean, and often coincide with indications of global climate fluctuations. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cause of Heinrich events, most of which imply instability of the massive Laurentide ice sheet, a continental glacier covering north eastern North America during the last glacial period. Other northern hemisphere ice sheets were potentially involved as well (Fennoscandic, Iceland/Greenland). However, the initial cause of this instability is still debated. Contents Description Potential climatic fingerprint of Heinrich events Unusual Heinrich events Causes Internal forcings—the "binge–purge" model External forcings See also References Further reading External links Description The strict definition of Heinrich events is the climatic event causing the IRD layer observed in marine sediment cores from the North Atlantic: a massive collapse of northern hemisphere ice shelves and the consequent release of a prodigious volume of icebergs.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Private Partnership for Desertification Control in Inner Mongolia Zhongju Meng • Xiaohong Dang • Yong Gao
    Zhongju Meng · Xiaohong Dang Yong Gao Public Private Partnership for Deserti cation Control in Inner Mongolia Public Private Partnership for Desertification Control in Inner Mongolia Zhongju Meng • Xiaohong Dang • Yong Gao Public Private Partnership for Desertification Control in Inner Mongolia Zhongju Meng Xiaohong Dang Desert Control Science and Engineering Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China Yong Gao Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China ISBN 978-981-13-7498-2 ISBN 978-981-13-7499-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7499-9 © Science Press & Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]