DEMONOLOGIA :

. A DISCOURSEON WITCHCRAFT

E IT WAS CTE IN THE FAMI OF MR . W R IR X AS A D LY D A D FA FA , IN THE OF YORK OF FUYSTON, COUNTY ,

IN THE YEAR 1621

ALO NG WITH THE ONLY TWO ECL OGUES

OF THE ME T OR OWN TO BE IN EXI T NC SA AU H K N S E E.

B I O G RAPHI CAL I NT RODUC TION ,

N NOTE TOPOGR P ICA I T TI A D S A H L LLUS RA VE.

WILLIAM RAIN E G G ,

tor nd To o ra h o Han-a ate and the Forest o K Auth or of The His y a p g p y f g f naresborough,

HARROGATE

L Rm' RR D l t- B . ACI RIL , P r AN PUB LISHER , Hera d On Ion.

1882 .

Th n e e orms of an ient o ts e i t lligibl f c p e ,

man es of old rel on The fairhu iti igi ,

The ower the eau and the ma es p , b ty, j ty,

at a e e r aunts in a e or n m Th h v th i h d l pi y ountain,

Or ores s ow stream or e s r n f t , by l p bbly p i g,

’ Or chasms and wat ry depths ; all these have vanished ; They live no longer in the faith of reason I

But ti th ar ot nee a lan s il s ll e he t d h d guage, t l n Both the old instinct bri g back the old names .

— Colerid e rom chiller g , f S .

One of th e most cu rious and capital things I ever met with ” in all my life .

” r e f u t e .

I T is a most extraordinary fact in literary history that the

Daemonolo ia of war a r ax on f g Ed d F i f , e o the poets of the

E za et an era and on essed li b h , c f ly one of the greatest re ners of the n is an ua e h n fi E gl h l g g , as ever been fairly o f ere t n Extra f d o the readi g public . cts have been made

rom and ommen s ma e u on t em man wr ers f it c t d p h by y it , yet no one has been found to give it to the public in its

n r t I t e ent ro e ti e y . t is qui e vid f m the opening of the dis ourse in w the aut or a resses th re r c hich h dd e ade , and the man o er la es in w i the rea er is men ion y th p c h ch d t ed , that a r a nten e the wor for u ca on an F i f x i d d k p bli ti , d not m re to rema n in manus r t to be o and e ly i c ip , c pied preserved in th rar s of the ur ous for the ra fi at e lib ie c i , g ti c ion or amusement of a se e few for the on er o of 2 l ct , l g p i d 60

ars wh t has one t ere ore we ma a m ye , ich i d ; h f y cl i some sma redi for arr n out the nten ons of the aut or ll c t c yi g i ti h .

If the many regard the publication with the same afi ection

hat f w a wn f r t e r manus r t o t the e h ve sho o h i c ip c pies, its su i r n s ma b a r sa to the first ccess s ce ta i . Thi y e f i ly id be “ time that this most singular and curious work by a

ent eman a s o a of ass a aste an a eau i u g l , ch l r cl ic l t , d b t f l P EF E R C . ii . A

t has een o ere to the u the r poe , b ff d p blic ; p evious

a on e n a r a e one onfine to the mem r public ti b i g p iv t , c d be s of

Philo iblon o e . The o ers of o s the b S ci ty l v bo k , no ma te to w at so et t e e on a e now an o r t r h ci y h y b l g, h v ppo tunity of readi ng what has previously been enjoyed only by the select few .

To the student of human nature this work cannot fail to

nterest n as it es the m st m be highly i i g, giv o inute and graphic account of the symptoms of witchcraft that has

l n ever been written . Simp e a d unimportant as the subject

at first a ear it resents one of th m may pp , p e ost singular problems which human nature has offered to the mind of the oso er—the or n onst tut on and phil ph igi , c i i , decay of witchcraft ! The philosophical historian may tell us what he can of the cause or causes of such a dark cloud of credulity and cruelty at any time overspreading the land for it was not confined to any one rank or station in life ;

affe e all at the er o to w t s treat se r a it ct d p i d hich hi i el tes, from the royal James on the throne to the humblest

easan in the e and as we see in the ase of p t fi ld, , c Edward

r a e n earn n and ta ents of a r r Fai f x , ve l i g l high o de did not

or out of the s ou o f w lift their possess l gh credulity . Ho much more sho uld we have reverenced our forefathers of that age had they not been such faithful followers of the orthodox fashionable faith in witchcraft ; while we regard the sceptics as the true lights of the age .

im s h an nd w ch an e wi h h m c a . T e ge, e g t t e

The age in which we live is an age o f investigation and — scrutiny men are no longer disposed to ta ke things upon iii.

trust ; they ask the why and the wherefore of all they see

and hear and are called upon to believe. They are no

longer satisfied with the assertion

h ere are more thi n s in h eaven and earth Hora io T g , t ,

” Th an are dreamt of in your philosophy !

Observation and experiment must test the value of all

’ things that are intended to pass into the world s mental W urren . e are na ure o ser ers and t re or c cy by t b v , he f e

arn r air a was an r t h le e s. F f x obse ver ; b u is observations — did not go to the root of the matter he could not find

t the ause t ere ore ass ne a a s n . an w o u c , h f ig d f l e o e C e

with all our advanced science and more exact analysis — determine the true cause which he failed to do ? Say — w as it material or mental a disease of the body or the m n ? the ormer the learne anatom st and sic an i d If f , d i phy i

ma s a w t e e t . the atter can our meta s a y pe k i h ff c If l , phy ic l

philosophers and spiritualists explain it ?

The most reasonable account of the origin of witchcraft

we a e seen is i en the mer an st r an ancro t h v g v by A ic hi o i B f ,

who s ea n of wit ra t in th N w n an ta es in , p ki g chc f e e E gl d S t

1 688 sa s e e in w t raf a s run a e rom , y B li f i chc t h s p g lik f

the etter of the osa law and from the natura won er l M ic , l d

excited by the mysteries of nature . Man feels that he is

a e en a t n Th re er n for un r l d p d n bei g . e v e ce ive sa laws is

m an in his na ur to m i pl ted t e too deeply be re oved . The

n n e i e er w ere and e er w ere man has a n w i fi it s v y h , v y h ck o

e e e o n in e er ower the resu t of an l dg d it, b h ldi g v y p l

n h me tr r t o n e a r u e . T e sa u su e s n a mts et i fi it tt ib t th p iti d i , y

s u ses w en it s the air w t s e tres or start es di g i , h fill i h p c , l

osts amon the o m s or stu es the s ars to cas a gh g t b , di t t iv, PREFACE.

oros o e or azes on the new moon w t confidin h c p , g i h g

re ul or e n in to ear e o s in t c d ity ; , yi ldi g bl dly f , b h ld he evil t a is in the wor t r n h t ld he p ese t malignity of Satan . The belief in witchcraft had fastened itself on the elements of re ous a th and e ome e ran n ligi f i , b c de ply b ded i to the

ommon mn . Do not s se the re ul The o c i d de pi c d ity. pe ple did not rally to the error ; they accepte d the superstition only because it had not yet been disengaged from r eligion.

Many narratives have been published of the doings of w s n t a of r s e s u itche , a d he oper tion thei p ll pon the bodies and mn s of t r v ms but n n t at w ar i d hei icti ; o e, h e e aware

of so ul and mnu e as s of a r a . Th r , f l i t thi F i f x e eader o f these pages looks day by day upon the children suffering a aren l n n a o rom w a he e e to be pp t y i te se g ny, f h t b liev d

w ra and w we now eem an m oss e r me . itchc ft, hich d i p ibl c i

We see t em as he saw them and a e no re ta of h , h v ci l

h n s ear f n r a a r an but the t i g h d o a d el ted by thi d h d, simple narrative of o ne who saw and shall I say felt th e whole .

The au or at the same t me in an ua e ure and th , i , l g g p s m a a u ture of the mo es o f e i ple, gives us f ithf l pic d lif , manners and customs of the lower order of gentry of that

su as can s ar be oun e sew ere . period in E ngland, ch c cely f d l h

him n o his we n and ere he un o s We enter with i t d lli g, th f ld

We see the oet to us the whole of his household economy . p

on m and rea and r n n eer. and his family living eat b d, d i ki g b

ca Su ar a es and ra s ns sen Their occasional deli cies, g c k , i i , t

Th ome ea hin of the as presents from Leeds. e h t c g chil

r ai ra ers and e readin s. The oors dren, thei d ly p y bibl g fl PREFACE.

strewn with rushes instead of carpets The hearths or fire

a es fil e w t reen ou hs in the summ r The ark in pl c l d i h g b g e .

which the silver spoons and family plate are kept. The desk

' in which th mon is o e u Th - e ey l ck d p . e milk house in which

the milk and bread are kept . The familiarity between the

ser ants of the ouse o and the master the ms r v h h ld, , i t ess, and

t r ren Th ts w m e . e ou e or s on the s a arm All h i child id k ll f .

t - have heir incidental recognition. We see the hay making — carried on in August no harvest is mentioned—and the

poet bargaining with workmen to Open out the ditches in

his e s. His o u a ion o f the corn ml at ews on an fi ld cc p t i l F t , d

the dealings of his wife in corn with the poor people round

about ; sometimes a daughter sent to fetch home the money

rom a ne en a er The annua ea n f glig t p y . l bl chi g of the better

am nen u on the rass the s e of th r T f ily li p g by id e b ook . he

o a r s mas es es w en or as m j vi l Ch i t f tiviti , h f ty people se bled to

ma m l es ke erry in his smal house . All th e pass in review

e ore us and man more t n s of a sim ar n w b f , y hi g il ki d ill be

o ser e a care u rea er So t at th s treatise ma be b v d by f l d . h i y

regarded as an addition to our existing knowledge of the

s an mest e of t at er o and a ur er s ocial d do ic lif h p i d, f th illu

tration of manners and usto ms no w near or w ol c , ly, h ly,

o bsolete .

W t few remar s we ons n th s erto tt e i h these k , c ig i hith li l

known work of Edward Fairfax to the kind consideration

and judgment of the public .

W. G .

Ha o t rr ga e,

December Ist, 1882 .

C O NT E NT S .

B I OG RAPHICAL INTRODUCTION ; giving an Account of Edward ir his An s r Famil and ri in s wi h F a fax, ce t y, y, W t g ; t ri i al O inions u on his works and cimens o c t c p p , spe f his

ri i l r . O g na Poet y, &c

DM O NOLOOIA : A DIsOOURsE ON WITCHCB AF I‘ as it was acted

in h f r E war Fair a o Fu s in e amil o M . f n t f y d d f x , y to , r in 1 2 the C ounty of Y o k, the year 6 1

REMARK S ON THE DEMONOLOGIA

THE FAMILY AND DEsCENDANTs or EDWARD FAIRrAx

THE ECLOG E OF E W R I U S D A D FA RFAX .

REMARK S ON PAsTORAL POETRY

EGLON AND AL ExIs

I L R I B OGRAPHICA INT ODUCT ON.

HE great historical family of Fairfax has been seated in the Ainsty of York from the earliest he name is times of which there is any record . T ” a on and means a r a r r in o our or S x , f i h i , either b ight c l om m a of th c ely fro the plenty thereof. The original se t e am was at Wa on near We er w en e the s ons f ily lt , th by, h c ci of this grand old family went forth into the world to seek n his row disti ction in court and camp . Most famous for p ess was a ou ir N o as r a th n of th t d ghty S ich l Fai f x , e K ight o es who ou his wa thr ou he es e n ur s Rh d , f ght y gh t b i gi g T k , and brought succour for his hard- pressed brethren from

Candia. The senior branch of the family was for centuries of Walton ; its representatives afterwards became Viscounts a r i But F i fax of Gilling Castle ; and it s now extinct. ur n the wars of the oses a oun er son Sir Gu d i g R , y g , y ’ a r a the L r e ust of the n s en F i f x , o d Chi f J ice Ki g B ch , o n h m n a H his s a f u ded t e ore famous ju ior br nch . e fixed e t at te n in the ar f l on er w er he ui t a S eto , p ish o B o t P cy, h e b l i ast m a . a e n n to t c le or e b ttled house The ch p l belo gi g , and is s i s an n was nse ra e Arc s o which t ll t di g, co c t d by hbi h p o r am in 14 H marr e ne of the R thers of R the h 7 e i d o y , er on the os e s e of the Ones w om he had Ryth , Opp it id , by h

’ fi‘ am Markh s Life of Lord Fairfax . air a 1 This hou se was enlarged by a thi rd Sir William F f x in 1595 ,

- - wh o plac ed a coat of arms carved in stone over the door, bearing Fair fax and w u alin the amil Th aites q a rterly, imp g Gurwen . When f y e o n a lso n remov d t Newton K yme, this sto e w s brought there a , a d Is ’ — now let into the wall over the hall door . Markham. B 1 0 DEMONOLOGIA :

a son Sir W ll am who also stin s ed msel as a i i , di g ui h hi f law er and a m a s Sir W am a r a y , bec e judge . Thi illi F i f x marr e a s ster Lo r anners o f B oos and w t our i d i Of d M , i h f dau e rs had a so n and e r also name W liam who ght h i , d il , was a very influenti al Yo rkshire knight during the reign of

enr V . an was the c ie o un er th r atn f H y III , d h f f d Of e g e ess o

his . : m ami Mr . ar a in his alua e L o f f ly . C R M kh , v bl ife ” the reat Lo r a r a sa s — A n tew rt t r g d F i f x , y o o hy s o y a a es to the marr a e o f t s secon Sir Wil am a r a tt ch i g hi d li F i f x , In the ow an some our m es awa rom tee on n l l d, f il y f S t , ear the un tion o f the r ers use and t arfe stoo th v r j c iv O , d e e y sma but er an ent s er an nunner of e on ll v y ci Ci t ci y Appl t , w i was en res e o er the ast a ess the L h ch th p id d v by l bb , ady

nna Lan ton . oun a name sa e wa s A g A y g l dy d I b l Th ite , who was an or an and a r a r s s ha ph g e t hei e , d been placed un r the uar ansh f th N n ton a s de g di ip o e u Apple bbe s . She had been allowed to hunt and visit friends in the neigh urh d and she and oun W am a r a a bo oo , y g illi F i f x loved e ch

' ut the s em n a ess had o e r ews f h other . B ch i g bb th vi or er young ward ; she forbade the Fairfax lover to approach the nunner and on ne a r sa e w n i l s y, c fi d f i I b l ithi ts wa ls . At la t an order was obtained from higher authorities to release he r b ut e en t en it was ne essar t gi l , v h c y to make a forcible n the nunner and sa entry i to y , I bel was carried off in r um to be marr e to oun a r a at t n t i ph i d y g F i f x , Bol o Percy in 1 1 s was a rtunat m ur 5 8. o e and ost a s ch ch , Thi f uspiciou un on and rom es en e all the statesmen and warr rs i , f it d c d d io , o ars and oe s who ren ere amous the anc en u sch l p t , d d f i t ho se a wa s r u of Fairfax . Is bel Th ite b o ght to her husband the es ates en on and s w t in eau u W arfe a e t Of D t A k i h , b tif l h d l , f l and a a w n th l and those o Bishophi l D vy H ll , ithi e wal s of

York . Sir W l am a r a of ee on e for man ear il i F i f x , St t , liv d y y s w his eau u sa e and was a r n u t l ith b tif l I b l , ve y i fl en ia knight H o ne h in or s re . e t e r ma e of ra e t Y k hi j i d Pilg i g G c , ye ,

n af erwar s enr V . a res him a hi lo g t d , H y III dd sed s s trusty - n and well beloved k ight . It was a remarkable retribution h n ton w er h d n s - t at Nu Apple , h e fair Isabel a bee o ill used A DISOOUBSEON WITCHCR T. 11 , AF

a s s t the re orma ion a e been ran e by the bbes , hould a f t h v g t d Fairfax O e em er 5 th 1 542 the same ar to the es. n D c b , , h d, unfeeling Anna Langton had to surrender her nunnery to an h oun sons of Sir W am and Thomas d Guy, t e y g illi sa who u own the re ous u n s and I bel , p lled d ligi b ildi g , h ’ erected a house out of part of t e materials. his wi in ar 1 55 ea n Sir William made ll M ch , 7 , l vi g f olton to his oun er son Steeton and the manor o B Percy y g , an s or of the resen am of Gabriel Fairfax , the ce t p t f ily a n me w ose ea is no w the on Steeton nd Newto Ky , h h d ly ti in En an of the ran old house of a r r epresenta ve , gl d , g d F i f h s s n omas n er e en on Nun ax ; while is elde t o , Th , i h it d D t , in s r wa m e ton and s o or . A e e s a Apple , Bi h phill, Y k th pl r on for o s ns Sir W am reso ed to oun two p ovisi b th o , illi lv f d n s a ere m be two or s re am es of li es, o th t th ight Y k hi f ili i a a repute descending fromh s rare and r di nt Isabel . Sir Thomas Fairfax was in the wars in Italy and rman He was n e ueen a e in 1 57 6 Ge y . k ight d by Q Eliz b th ,

. in 1 5 99 ea in ssue r e st n u s e sons and died l v g i th e di i g i h d , m ar es and E war and two au ers rsu a Tho as, Ch l d d ; d ght , U l an ana marr res e t e ir enr Bellasis d Christi , ied p c iv ly to S H y , and o n s e of u h on. J h A k , A g t Sir omas who su ee e to the es a e of en on Th , cc d d t t D t , distinguished himself as a diplomatist early in life in the re n of a e a n een sen fi ve mes n o ig Eliz b th, h vi g b t ti i t an n u n iati ns w t n am wh Scotl d to co d ct egoc o i h Ki g J es, o was so ease w his on u a he offere hima t e pl d ith c d ct, th t d ti l , f r n r which he re used . He was afte wards k ighted befo e u n in Norman he ar of s a a n- enera Ro e , dy, by t E l Es ex , C pt i G l ’ of the Queen s forces ; a distinction which he won by the courage he displayed in the army which was sent t o the

ass s an e of enr IV of ran e . He was the rs Lor i t c H y . F c fi t d m r a r a of a e on. His son and ran son Lor Fer F i f x C g d , d dinando and the a an ir oma a r a were th tw , g ll t S Th s F i f x , e o distinguished leaders of the Parliamentary armies in the rea i war of the se enteen en ur and was of g t civ l v th c t y, it the latter that Milton sung

’ arkham s i e of the reat or Fair a . 3 4 &c . M L f g L d f x, p , , 12 DEI ONOLOGIA

Fairfax whose name in arms throu h Euro e rin s , g p g ,

The secon son of Sir omas a r a was ar d Th F i f x Ch les, a gallant Officer of the school o f Sir Francis Vere and who ou s e s e w ora e Vere and n f ght id by id ith H c Joh Ogle , at the l ba t e of N eu ort in the ar 1 600 . In h t i p , ye t e siege of Ostend he commanded all the English in that town for some me e re it surren ere ur n t s rvi ti b fo d d . D i g hi se ce he received a severe wound in the face from a splinte r o f a ’

a a and was s a n er in 1 60 . French M rsh l s skull , l i th e 4 war the t r son was the oe the oun er w t Ed d, hi d , p t, f d , i h nser of the mo ern s oo n s r — Spe , d ch l Of E gli h poet y a ’ ro oun s olar and the transla or of asso s amous p f d ch , t T f — poem Jerusalem Delivered with whom we are chiefly o t e is nown a ou him a the t me of concerned . S lit l k b t th t i the a e of his e u a ion are not en his birth , and pl c d c t , giv by any biographical writer ; the probability is that he was

nd e u a e at Lee s. at his out born at Denton, a d c t d d Th y h a ears his ear ro en and he was studious, pp by ly p fici cy ; a f o s and ea e n a continued all his days a m n o b ok p c , livi g am ar w the eaut es of na ure and country life, f ili ith b i t , devoting much time to the education of his children and f the Lor a r a who rew u his nephews (the sons o d F i f x , g p earn n under his tuition in all liberal and godly l i g) . h an ast me anc o Though possessed with that s y f t ic l h ly r om le on of oe s which some have deemed the prope c p xi p t , En l s os tal et m a re not but rat er he kept old g i h h pi ity, y i p i d h so a n a a ne a oo old improved his estate . And , h vi g tt i d g d nd oo w he e in 1 635 at his ouse age in credit a g d ill , di d , h the ar s o f Fu ston e ween en on and Newhall, in p i h y , b t D t in e n s are the ne ess of Knaresborough , happy b i g p d c ity

n ue . choosing a side in the sad contest that e s d The above is nearly all that biographers have recorded E war a r a we ere ore mus respecting the life of d d F i f x ; th f t The ro a l t is seek for further information elsewhere . p b bi i y

Worthies . . Hartley Coleridge in Northern , p p

DEMONOLOGIA

’ 0 am sa all th e d h ou ma st , F e ! y goo t y , ’ TOO little is that all th ou say st ; l What if h erse f, h erself commended ? ’ Shoul d we th en know, ne er known before, Wheth er h er wit or worth were more

’ n h a b oo w n r Ah ! o, t t k ould e e be ended .

’ our Ma est s h umbl sub Y j y e ject,

EDWARD FAIRFAX .

This translation of Tasso has been praised by nearly all h i uar a r ri . o swort t e an s a n c tics D d h , t q y , pe ki g Of F i fax sa s He rans ate o re of u an out o f a an , y t l d G df y B ll It li into English verse ; writ the history of Edward the Black r n e and er a n ot er w t e o ues as et not P i c , c t i h i ty cl g , y f is a oun a s printed that I hear o . He cc ted ing ular scholar all n of arnin and et e his in ki ds le g, y liv th , T work certainly received all the encouragement which the few

readers of that age had in their power to bestow . It must have rapidly become popular to have found a place in the ’ ’ specimens of celebrated poets in Allot s England s

arnassus r n e in 1 600 . His es en an r an a r P , p i t d d c d t, B i F i fax s a es a n ames a ue a o e all , t t th t Ki g J v l d it b v other English poetry ; and King Charles in the time of his ” n m n use to er hims l r a n confi e e t d div t e f by e di g it . The critics of a later period have not been sparing of

r ommen a ons z— war P s th n thei c d ti Ed d hillip , e ephew of ” i on es r es a r a in his ea rum Poetar M lt , d c ib F i f x Th t um, as one of the mos u ous e e an and a in hi t j dici , l g t, h ply s time mos a ro e of n s trans a ors ot for his t pp v d E gli h l t , b h choice of so wort l e o e an ero oet as or ua o asso hi y xt ll d h ic p T q t T , for th a n s of his ers on in w he i a as e ex ct e s v i , hich s djudged by some to have approved himself no less a poet than i a h a r t n f hi wn n W n n th t e h th w it e o s o ge ius. i stanley

describes himin nearly the same terms.

Mrs. oo er in her uses L rar a er r r C p M ib y, ft ep obating

the neglect with which his memory had been ~ treated by oet a o ra ers sa s s n p ic l bi g ph , y Thi ge tleman is the only ’ wr er own to DAvenant a nee s n a it d , th t d o p ology to be made for himon account of the age he lived in ; his diction A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 15

be n enera s ea in so ure so e e an an i g g lly p k g, p , l g t d full of ra es and the turn of his nes s er e t me o ous g c , li o p f c ly l di , that I should hardly believe the original Italian has greatly the a anta e in e t er nor o u an aut or in dv g i h ; c ld y h , my ' o n on be ust e in a em n asso anew so lon s pi i , j ifi d tt pti g T , g a ” an his tr slation can b e read . r en in th r a to his a es sa s D yd , e p ef ce F bl , y Spenser and Fairfax both flourished in the reign of Queen a e reat mas ers in our an ua e and h Eliz b th ; g t l g g , w o saw much further into the beauties of o ur numbers than those who immediately followed them. Milton was the poetical W son f enser an Mr . a er of a r a for w o Sp , d ll F i f x, e have our nea es ents and ans as we as o er am li l d c cl ll th f ilies. Milton has acknowledged to me that Spenser was his original ; and many besides myself have heard our famous Waller own that be derived the harmony Of his ’ num ers r m o re f Bullo ne w was urn b f o G df y o y , hich t ed m n o En s Mr . a r a . a u e the is or an i t gli h by F i f x D vid H , h t i , says Fairfax has translated Tasso with an elegance and ease and at the same t me w t an exa ness wh for , i i h ct , ich ” that age are surprising .

l th ne t au or who u lish After Fairfax , John Hoo e was e x th p b ed m r a complete English translation of the Jeru sal e Delive ed of Tasso , and who thu s speaks in his prefac e Of th e work of hi s predecessor T nl m l n Fair a w i c in s anza h e o y co p ete translatio is that of f x , h h is t s whi ch cannot b e read with pleasure by th e generality of those wh o have a taste for En glish Poetry ; of which no other proof is necessary than ll I n that it appears scarcely to have been read at a . t is ot only un surmoun curiosi and mor pleasant , in su ch a degree as to t ty, e than counterbalan ce all the beau ty of exp ression and sentiment which is to r m l a a ll be found in that work . I do not flatte yse f th t I h ve exce ed ” Fair a rsifica ion . f x , except in my measure and ve t

- The Rev. J . H. Hunt of ir ons ale u lis e in 1818 th e , K kby L d , p b h d n and ext complete version of Jeru salem Delivered , thus wrote of the ’ meri s r to Fair a s oetical o t of that of Fairfax . In rega d f x p p wers, n r call in es on and man scattere eauties are they were eve ed qu ti , y d b to B u i ha on reat aul be found in hi s version of Tasso . t t s e g f t, that of

r n . not being su fficiently faithful . There are also othe objectio s The ur f an i h nerali first arises from th e stru ct e o th e st za , wh ch to t e ge ty kn in h s u ct er is of read ers is irksome . I ow, deed , that on t i s bje th e a c n i n s un in the uaintness difi erenc e of opinion . Th e se o d object o i fo d q ’ r ions e r rrec and ro er Of many of Fairfax s exp ess , which, how ve co t p p 1 6 DEMONOLOGIA

The poet Collins thus chants the praise of Fairfax

H w h w n i h nsiv wind o ave I sat, h e p ped t e pe e , TO h ear hi s h arp by British Fai rfax strun g ! Prevailing poet wh ose u ndou bting mind Believed th e magic wonders whi ch b e sung ! Hence at each soun d imagination glows Hence at each picture vivid life starts h ere Hence hi s warm lay with softest sweetn ess flows ’ l in i fl ws ur murm rin ron and clear Me t g t o , p e, g, st g, , ’ ’ ’ n l h im as ion d h ar an win h h arm nious ear . A d fil s t p s e t, d s t o “ ar e o r e in his Nor rn Wor es sa s H tl y C le idg , the thi , y a r a was mus be on esse an un a u transla F i f x , it t c f d , f ithf l tor who if he some imes e an the erm of his au or , , t xp ded g th to a r onsummate ower ust as o en s o e w a b ight c fl , j ft p il d h t

” ‘ h v r f he was trying to improve . Besides is e sion o the ” “ erusa em e ere he wrote the s or of war J l D liv d , Hi t y Ed d, ” ” the a r n e and o ues om ose in th r Bl ck P i c , Ecl g , c p d e fi st

ar of ames I . sa his son to be s earn a ye J , id by o l ed, th t no ’ man s reading but his own was sufficient to explain the m a ra s s n r ms m allusions in the . This fili l p i e doe ot p o i e uch must ur s n i poetry . Still they be c iou a d it s to be regret they might have been in those ancient days (I need hardly say that he h f u n Eliza and wrote in t e time o Q ee beth) , are now become obsolete, a er lis whi ur l uir m rom the gre t po h ch o angua ge ha s acq ed, see s to ” a modern ear unworthy of th e dignity of modern poetry. In order to give the reader an oppo rtuni ty of judging for himself r f m— Of these translations, we give th e same stanza f om eac h o the that in which Godfrey is described as planting th e Christian standard on the wall of Jersual em.

ou Ab t hi s head he tossed, he turned , h e cast a Th t gloriou s ensign , with a thou sand twines s Thereon the wind breathes with hi s sweetest bla t,

Thereon with golden rays bright Ph tnbu s shines, a te Earth lau ghs for joy, the streams forbear their h s , t ir an s n mo i s anc the ines Floods clap he h d , o unta n d e p , ’ And Sion s towers and sacred temples smile ’ For their deliv rance fromthat bondage vile .

’ Th e conqu ering banner to the breeze unroll d, Redundant streams in many a waving fold ;

The winds with awe confess the heavenly sign, With purer beams the day appears to shine ; A DIscOURsE ON WITCHCRAFT . 17

d ha e e in the our w a eare in Mrs. te t t, xc pt g f th , hich pp d ’ ” ar in 1 73 e a e ne er e n C ooper s Muses Libr y , 7 , th y h v v b e “ n s of war Fa r a at mse pri ted . C ollins ays Ed d i f x th hi lf n r is mor ru believed the wonders that be su g . The e e t th He was so mu af e e in this than might be wished . ch f ct d with the superstitions of his age as to fancy his children bew e an a on so er wea roun s a the itch d, d th t v y k g d , th t poor wretches whom he prosecuted for this impossible w w Y n the r o e ere actually acquitted . et eve ve dict Of a

ur . little s ose as ur es en were or are to b j y, di p d j i th , ( d d e) to a our wi es o s not se m to a sa us h f v tch , d e e h ve di b ed is senses for h n himin man s r Daem n , e left behi d u c ipt o ologia a s ourse W h ra t as was a e in the am Di c Of itc c f , it ct d f ily of

Mr . war a r a of Fu stone in the oun of Ed d F i f x, y , c ty York , a in the ye r This has never been printed . As an m ortan o umen in the s or uman na ure i p t d c t hi t y Of h t , it s I Ought a suredly to be given to the world . t must be remembered that Fairfax in this insta nce only coincided w the s r of his a e and o we to the w s om h ith pi it g , b d i d Of is an T cestors. O have doubted Of the existence Of witches would have exposed him to the imputation Of atheism;

Th e sw ords seem bid to turn their points away, And darts around it innocently play

The sac red mount the purple cro ss adores,

And Sion owns it fromher topmost towers. —H oole.

’ ’ ns i u s n Of vict ry proud , the co c o ban er roll d Exultant to th e winds its streaming fold ; ’ ’ i r Seem d as the passing gal es w th ev rence blew, ’ n m r Seem d as the admiri g day ore radiant g ew, To gild the flag divine ; innoxiou s c ame Each feathered shaft ; each javelin missed its aim; ’ Thy head, adoring Sion , seem d to b ow, u And joyf l Moriah bent h er sacred brow. —Hu nt.

Henr Neele in hi s ectu res on En lis oe r y , L g h P t y, thus ’ mentions th e translation f air a o F f x Fairfax s Tasso , which was so lon and stran el ne lecte is now r o i s g g y g d , ec vering t popul arity. Of all the stran e ca rices of the u lic ta g p p b ste . there is none more strange than the re erence w ic was iven to the r m - a r O p f h h g hy e t gged p ose f Hoole, over t is s irite a d trul oetical r u h p d n y p p od ction of Fairfax . 18 DH OXOLOGIA and as certain disorders were uniformly attributed to d a o l cal a e nc an anx ous aren m be e x used fo i b i g y. i p t ight c r msta in th s m ms in his wn s r n i k g e y pto o Off p i g . ’ Fairfax s metrical Histo ry Of the Black Prince was ne er u e and ne er w ll be as the manus r w v p blish d, v i , c ipt as d s r e t oyed in an accidenta l fire . the o ues Mrs oo r us s a T Of Ecl g . C pe th pe ks he Eclogues are in number twelve ; all of them wrote after the ac cess on n ames to the throne n an i Of Ki g J Of E gl d , on m ortan su ects re at n to the mann rs c ar i p t bj , l i g e , h acter and incidents Of the times he lived in ; they are pointed with man fine stro es of sat re d ni e w w o eso l y k i , ig fi d ith h l me es sons Ou morality and policy to those Of the highest rank ; a d s m m t n n o e odes hi ts to majesty itself . As far as poetry is n erne in \ em th r nam r co c d th , e ve y e Of Fai fax is the highest recommendation ; and the learning they contain is so ar ous and e ens e tha a or n t the e en v i xt iv , t , cc di g o vid ce of his son who has wr en ar e anno a ons on eac , ( itt l g t ti h), ’ no man s r ad n s es his own was suffi en to e la n e i g, be id , ci t xp i ” his references effectually . We give another specimen of the poetry Of Edward ” An n n am s t a r a en t e a o e . ou F i f x , ti l d, Epit ph Ki g J Al h gh the nation might hold the memory of King James in con t m t t r was at as one oe who e him in h e p , he e le t p t h ld igh esteem who e e a e the ons i ut ona wea ness of his , l v t d c t t i l k ara r n o a n rtue and the n e en rofli ac ch cte i t ki gly vi , i d c t p g y n Of his court into an example Of purity . I this curious u o h oet a so sets u the o r ne the di n t e l gy, t e p l p d ct i Of vi i y of n and e resses his ra tu e to the dea so ere n ki g s , xp g ti d d v ig v n him suc a o e ul e r as ar es for ha ing left behi d h h p f h i Ch l ,

- then in the twenty fifth year o f his age .

All that h av e eyes ne w wake and weep ; li e wh ea e waking was our sleep l e l himwl f and never s fall n as ee p .

e Shall he wa k more till he wale. ever .

lkxath s imn hand has d osed th ese eves

e s v m s i That we r at onu t ha e kingd o s p es. Duh te Mme!» and t o pr ese nt A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 19

He wh ose working brain alone ’ Wrou ght all men s quiet b ut his own ; ’ Now h e s at rest , 0 let him have r Th e peace h e lent us to his g ave . If no Nab aoth all his reign

Were for hi s frui tful vineyard slain, If no Uriah lost his life

Because h e had so fai r a wife, ’ Th en let no Shimei s curse or woun d r un Dish onour or profane thi s g o d .

- - r Let no black mouth ed, rank b eath ed cur ir Peaceful James his ash es st .

Princes are Gods, O do not th en

k in h ir r r v h m m n Ba e t e g aves to p o e t e e .

r - n - n l n re Fo two a d twe ty years o g ca , r r din su ch an h ir Fo p ovi g e , h a h e ace we had befor T t, to t pe e, May add th rice two -and -twenty more ’ r i da s rav ls midni h watch es Fo h s y t e , g t , r hi s r slee stolen b sna ch es Fo c azed p , y t , r w fi rc in doms oined in one Fo t b e e k g j ,

For all h e di d, or meant to h ave done, — ’ DO this for him write o er hi s dust f h ” ames the peace ul and t e just . ‘J If E war a r ax was s n ere in s eu o on in d d F i f i c thi l gy k gs, what would he have thought had he lived ten years longer n he and seen the o n s of his ne ew and n tha did , d i g ph gra d w the Lor er nan o and his n nephe , d F di d so Sir Thomas Fairfax esi es his o a wor s war a r a a n B d p etic l k , Ed d F i f x lso e gaged in o em al on ro ers in e en e the nst u ons p l ic c t v y, d f c Of i it ti of

The Editor of The Fai rfax Correspondence makes the following observation on thi s remarkable produ ction : The Edward Fairfax h r r of ir wh o wrote th ese lines was t e b othe S Thoma s, afterwards first or Fair a and di stin ui s e himsel in th e rei n of Eli za e L d f x , g h d f g b th (to whom he dedi cated his translation of Tasso) for his adherence to the ’ m r . i n Church of England I a in elig o , he tell s u s in his book on n l n r a an s i u ri Dm o o ogy, eithe f ta t c p tan , nor su perstitiou s papist ; ’ but so settled in conscience that I have th e su re g round of God s or for ll l eve and comm a l r an W d a I be i , the end b e o din ces of our English ’ T Church to approve all I prac tise. he facility with whi ch h e recon cil thi s e laration of ait wi his mi r o ed d c f h th ad ati n of King James, is as remarka le as the ac ilit of hi s versiflcati on so hi hl u e b b f y , g y appla d d y ” — — Dr en a irr t t b aller l I . 4 yd , nd i a ed y W . Vo . . , p p . 3 . 20 DEMONOLOGIA

the ur En an a a ns orr a Ch ch Of gl d g i t D ell, a P pist . His letters on this occasion are said to have been written with rea a t and u ment as we as a m era g t bili y j dg , ll od tion such a rare s n s ly characterised uch co troversies. ” The Daemonolo ia was not u s e in his e m g p bli h d lif ti e , b ut man o es of were str u e in manus r y c pi it di ib t d c ipt, some

w et e s . ranc s ut inson D D in A Of hich y xi t F i H ch , . . , n ” s or a sa oncern n W t r Hi t ic l Es y c i g i chc aft, published in “ 1 7 18 us m n ons a r a and hi r , th e ti F i f x s wo k Edward a f n in the or st nar u E a r o Fu sto e es oro s . F i f x y F Of K b gh , q , at the York Assizes prosecuted six of his neighbo urs for a u n his r n h mm n supposed witchcr ft po child e . T e co o facts of im s and ts and a arition of the su ose W c es p , fi , pp pp d it h ' h l wer o and the . ran ur oun t e s an h e dep sed, g d J y f d bi l , d t e Judge heard what the witnesses had to say; but having a ert ate th so er e a our of the a use erson c ific Of e b b h vi cc d p s, h r h s we t a eare m e di ected t e jury o ll h t they cl d the . I m nuscr t w Mr uo e t s rom a ar e a . a r a q t hi f l g ip hich F i f x , a er the af e ren rew u as a in a on f th Of flict d child , d p v dic ti Of The erusa f a manus his own proceeding . p l o th t cript I mu t th of th R Mr W s a n w e to e e ev. . as ck o l dge civility se, ’ Fellow of Queen s College in Cambridge . Nor has this singular narrati ve ever yet been fairly 1 given to the public . In 859 it was printed for the ” mem ers f th Phil iblon o e n r th or b o e ob S ci ty, u de e edit s f lnes Es the r n L r ou on O R. . . ese o hip M Mi , q , p t d H ght , who a n it th o n n f th wor th ppe ded to e foll wi g otice o e k , e

au or and his am . th , f ily “ Many portions Of this diary Of domestic occurrences in the am an En s oun r en leman near tw f ily Of gli h c t y g t , o hun re and fi ears a o are am ar to the s u ents d d fty y g , f ili t d Of manners and mysteries ; but the consecutive perusal Of the whole has seemed to me to be necessary to convey the u m ress on of its s n ular an t Th f ll i p i i g ity d i s truth . e aut or t ou e it mate was u a as m h , h gh ill g i , f lly ccepted a em ber of the no e and stor am of a r a n bl hi ic f ily F i f x, a d had all the social advantages Of a person Of condition ; b ut it is er a s ow n to the r u s an s of r a . , p h p , i g ci c mt ce his bi th, th t

22 DEMONOLOGIA 2

fas on and ano er afiixes her mar to the aris re is hi , th k p h g ter. ’ f r The original MS . of the Discourse o Witchc aft is

s il in e sten e , and se era trans r s ma be oun in t l xi c v l c ipt y f d . t r r th u s ne i in th n wr t n of he lib a ies of e c riou . O s e ha d i i g es a e re or of Ke e and on a ns or ra ts of Mil G l , ct ighl y , c t i p t i th es not rawn e witch , ill d . We have tried in vain to verify the account given above s n h au h w f r h r re pecti g t e d g te o Edwa d Fairfax . T e p a ish re s r of ews on w w t m gi te F t , hich e hought ost likely to

remove the difli cultyy is wanting from 1 631 to 1 637 ; there are indeed slight fragments belonging to the years 1 633

and 1 4 b t the name of a r a oes not o ur on em. 63 , u F i f x d cc th As to th s na ure mus b a ms a e as non f th e ig t s it t e i t k , e o e entries of marriage in the register are signed by the ar es ere o at t a r o nor un near a un e p ti th t h t pe i d, til ly h dr d

years afterwards. ” The manuscript whence this copy of the Daemonologia

m n . is r nte or er e o e to ene er e . p i d f ly b l g d Eb z Sibl y, M D ,

ro essor f astro o a d a wr r on a science. The p f o l gy, n ite th t title page states that it was transcribed by himfrom an old manus r in 1 93 c ipt 7 . The Daemonologia is a most singular production to be wr tten a man of en u an n a e on ersan i by g i s d refi ed t st , c v t with much of the learning of his time ; for such Fairfax t r r n undoub edly was. C edulity and superstition are appa e t on e er a e nor can we for a m the s n er v y p g , oment doubt i c ity f his e e in w a h H m n m t be o b li f h t e relates. is i d igh oe a as un ou e was t h wa n t er an a u e p tic l , it d bt dly , bu e s ei h c t o ser er nor an e a t o an or he wou a e se n th b v , x c l gici , ld h v e e a a of man o f his own on us ons ere is a sw f ll cy y c cl i . Th eet m c a ou man ar s of the r orman e si pli ity b t y p t pe f c , gi ving a description of the every- day life o f the poet and his am w es us a earer ea of the oun r e f ily, hich giv cl id c t y lif o f t at er o an ou be er e r m a un r h p i d, th c ld d iv d f o h d ed ” Eclogues. ou e on n to su an us ous a n Th gh b l gi g ch ill tri f mily, a d possessed of such distinguished talents and reputation as a oe is sur ris n how l e is nown of the if of p t, it p i g ittl k l e ' A msooussn on wrroncnar r. 28

n th e ha is nown a ou him Edward Fairfax . Eve e littl t t k b t h h e ma has een en e on as been doubted, is l giti cy b d i d a wr rs w en s ea n of the slender grounds th t so me ite , h p ki g No es and h r natural son. A wr er in him, use t e te m it t ” ion o f uer es Dec . 14 1 867 us ea s w t the ues Q i , , , th d l i h q t ’ — our poet s legi timacy He was undoubtedly the legitimate n of his a er he on reason to the on rar is the so f th , if t ly c t y ” In E a e an a s and use of the term natural son. liz b th d y ( I W en the n on a er natural mean rue e i ma e . thi k l g ft ), t t , l g ti t h te rm first became attached to illegitimate I cannot say. It a man in his trans a on would be curious to find out. Ch p l ti ’ m n a as or of omer s a oo . 259 a es e e H Ili d, B k iii , , k H l c ll C t ” - m natural brot s a n ] . . 1 65 6 and u her . Poll x, y Ag i I xiii , , He wa o e w r am who e ear his natural sons s l dg d ith P i , h ld d ” n . N our resen o more a im i . hi own sons. ow th n h , e s p t ’ s f - u A man na tura l son u e o the termis a non na t ral use . s

’ ‘ But not is not his own ; according to law he 18 nobody s son . to ri e e t a t trou e u a e m an t fl , I b lieve wi h lit le bl I co ld pl c y h d ’ on man au r r t at a r a 5 da the wor y tho ities to p ove h mF i f x y, d

natura l was use for l itimate and never as at resen use . d eg , p t d ” eo us er in his L es of the oe s sa s t a Th phil Cibb , iv P t , y h t Ewar a ir d d Fairf x was a natural son of Sir Thomas. S o ert ou as in his ot eera e n ral r ar a R b D gl Sc ch P g , ge e ly em k ble for its a ura n u e war amon t e e i t ma e cc cy , i cl d d Ed d g h l g i t

‘ ren In h le ta F a ir xz a M . t e Ana a an r wn r c a u . child f , d p by ar es a r a ran son of Sir oma w must a Ch l F i f x , g d Th s, ho h ve known the exact relationship of every member of the am the issue of ir omas i i n in eta as f ily, S Th s g ve d il , we a a h ve st ted above . ’ The time of our oet s ea i r a n some p d th s even unce t i , a oun s s at n a it oo a e in 1 2 ers w t cc t t i g th t t k pl c 63 ; oth , i h more ro a of orrectness s a e a he e un p b bility c , t t th t liv d til

1 635 . n or una e the re r n U f t t ly, giste s of Fewston are deficie t at t a er o and h r h t p i d, t e g eat and sudden fire at Fewston ur rou th n n h ch ch , th gh e eglige ce o f the plumber w o was re a r n the ea s in the s r n f tr p i i g l d , p i g o 1 696, des oyed any monument which might have been erected to his memor y there. br ' riters en tb e sp zmt ia t mnld In expected from those at a m m at w - — m . The S e hall fi th Cli n fto , never M m ed to the famflr ef f airi m and in the year IGfl

l whis t Newhall near Fewst on was a possessi on of the

Fairfax tan flv . If th ere was auv uncertaint y before, “ t a n w la s th he Daeme no lagi . e p ce e matter beyond the Th i l reac f do ubt. e s t uatio n c ose to a beck and mill h o , an wsto n Vil a e and C urc e ac tl r be t d to Fe l g h h , x y desc i he s t ew al were there no o ther trad tions or ac ts i e o f N h l . i f to

n th la . If even these were insnflicient ur ide tify e p ce , f ther e en e is ort co mn in the w l of Sir omas a r a vid c f h i g il Th F i f x ,

th at er o f the oet. It is a e 1 3th anuar 1 9 in e f h p d t d J y, 5 9 , ’ w e is es r be as omas Farfax th e er o f hich h d c i d Th ld , ” en o n n t and t en oes on to s sonne Sir D t , K igh , h g ay My , oma Fa rfax the oun er n s a l a th Th s y y g , k ight, h l h ve e s os t on or er n and er ormn of m unera e and di p i i , d i g, p f i g y f l a rwar s do e and e ueat to war Farefax at fte d , I giv b q h Ed d , r est o f m sa sonne Sir omas Farfax all a the equ y id Th , th t a e a e New a and all an s tenemen s capital messu g c ll d H ll , l d , t , ’ mea ows and as ures w t th a urtenances l in and d , p t , i h pp x y g th ar s es of e and Fuiston in the being within e p i h Otl y , m Newhall n to the sa e e o n . T countie of Yorke , b l gi g o o the a ca tall messua e and all have and to h ld s id py g , other ’ r mses w th a ur enan es to the the same p e i ith pp t c , said rfax and the be res of his o aw u Edward Fai , i b dy l f lly to b e o n Rema nder to m sa sonne Sir omas beg tte . i y id Th ”

his m. f Kn t and be res for e er. e do Fayr ax, igh . i v It I gi ve unto the said Edward Farfax the summe of one ' ' A DISCOURSE ON wrronow r. 26

” un r a h d eth nd fiftie pounds. It is likely that the estate was en a e and the a er ou not a t il d, f th c ld leg lly make this bequest to his second son without the consent of the heir ; and the bequest being made at the request of that heir shows the fraternal feeling which existed between the brothers. Newhall was (for we must now speak of it as a thing of the as s ua in the a e of the er Was urn n a p t) , it te v ll y Riv hb , o site now submerged under the Swinsty reservoir belonging t th L ora on mme ate a o e eeds Corp ti , i di ly below nd to the sout of the l a e of ewston a ou six m w f h vi l g F , b t iles est o arro a e and the same s an e nor -w s of H g t , di t c th e t

e to w as name ar s e n . r Otl y, hich l t d p i h it b lo ged No was it ro er n in the orest of n u p p ly speaki g F K aresboro gh , r as t re n e n a u un though often desc ibed he i , b i g bo t one h dred

i o n ar . The s w yards outside ts b u d y hou e, hich was mo s e in 1 76 resen e on a um e a earan de li h d 8 , p t d ly h bl pp ce , and was of s uare orm two stor es in e tw a q f , i h ight, o rooms m en and th same in rea the roo o er l gth e b th, f c v ed with Th a o war r thick grey slate . e b ck t ds the b ook Washburn on the ort and the ron towar s the stee r s of th n h, f t d p i e e hill Th w n ows were m f o n the south . e i d so e o them of the same a e as the u din some of t emmo ern ns r g b il g, h d i e tions ; the older ones consisted of narrow lights divided by thick m of r na stone mullions. So e the o igi l glass remained up to the period of the purchase of the estate by the Leeds Corporation ; one piece was stained and bore the representa t on of a e an woun n her reas wi h r i P lic di g b t th e own bill , while three young ones below were looking up to her for e r e e e oo the ir s were in e o th i xp ct d f d ; b d t ct d r, a n m in r ul st ndi g on a hel et p ofile g es. This had formed the res of the arms the shie e ow was ar all es c t , ld b l p ti y d troyed . This we take to be the armorial bearings of the family of Pulle n owners of Newhall e ore it am n y , b f c e i to possession of t a of a r a . eor e Pulle n of N w a h t F i f x G g y , e h ll , near ” ews on in the countie of or e ma e his w F t , Y k , d ill , dated une 5th 1 55 whi he e ueat hi J 7 , by ch b q hed to s brother Sir o Pul n v car of st n m f ll J hn ley , y Fu o , y lease o the Newha , O 26 DEMONOLOGIA and of other lands which I have of the grant of Mayster W m ” a Pulle n. Sir o n Pulle n illi y J h y , was vicar of ewston rom 1 4 to 1 5 h F f 5 5 83 . So t e place evidently had not been long in the Fairfax family before it was given by Si m i r o as to h s son war . To return th Th Ed d to e house . Some years before we saw it the same window contained anot er e e of sta ne ass w h pi c i d gl , hich was broken by a ent . The rooms were low s ar e ccid , c c ly seven feet in ei t but ou not us b a l h gh , c ld j tly e c l ed small . Tradition spoke of the house as having been more than double h s w i s a r n n wn t t e ize it as in t l ter yea s. O pulli g do par of an old wa to ma e some re a r in 1 860 a o r n ll k p i , g ld i g, or rat er h0 0 was oun roa and mass e on the nner h p f d , b d iv , i circle of which was engraved in script hand After consent ” ev r nt t s r n and m tt s m to e a ta e of one e co en . Thi i g o o ee t ll l f h os n erest n e ents of uman e of the o t e m t i t i g v h lif ,

betrothed bride, i Sh e wh o woul d rather di e with h m, ” h worl si Than live to gain t e d be de .

h ace and su a ort on of the ous Such was t e pl , ch p i h e in which Edward Fairfax and his afilicted family resided ; and though the tradition of the neighbourhoo d is positive r s en e of the oet ere the s or es o f in fixing the e id c p h , t i his bewitched family appear to be quite forgotten . Now a r a and his we n a e a e e ome all is gone . F i f x d lli g h v lik b c

The following entries belonging to the family of Fair fax have been gleaned from the parish register of Fewston

Es . w 1 6 l a e au er of Edw . air a as 60 . E iz b th , d ght F f x , q , “ baptized the 8th ofO ctober . “ a er of Sir er nan o air a n Mary, d ught F di d F f x , K ight, M . a of a was baptized ye xii d y y,

ar es sonne of Sr. er nan o a r a 1 61 5 . Ch l , F di d F i f x , ” as a e the 26th da of ar . Knight, w b ptiz d y M ch a the a t e of ars on oor This Charles was slain t b t l M t M , 1 644 he e n en a o an er on the si of July 2nd, , b i g th c mm d de

‘ th rl amen e pa i t . ' ' A mscormsn ON wrronoBArr . 27

E . 1 2 1 . nne au er of Edw. a r ax s was 6 A , d ght F i f , q , 1 f ” baptized the 2th o June . th sam ar as was e e e hrou th She died e e ye , b li v d, t gh e f w ra t influence o itchc f .

1 2 1 war a r a Es . a name nn 6 . Ed d F i f x , q , child d A e ” the 9th of to er buried Oc b . r th The next ent y belongs to e Menston family .

ar es son of ar es a r a Es . was a e th Ch l , Ch l F i f x , q , b ptiz d e 22nd da of u us y A g t, ' The next entry we believe to be that of the poet s widow . Mrs Dorothie a r a was bur e the 24th da of Jan . F i f x i d y . 1 648

s ar a a r a the re ous and r uous w f Mr . M i F i f x, ligi vi t ife o

ar es a r a of ens on Es . was ur e the 2l s da Ch l F i f x , M t , q , b i d t y of o r Oct be , W m f 1 anuarie . a a r a o e n 673 . J illi F i f x , St eto and New on t a no e and ameuse es u re was ur e th t , h t bl f q i , b i d e ” five and twentieth day.

1 673 e em er. No e ar es a rfa of . D c b bl Ch l F i x , Menston, ” h 2nd a s u re was uri e t e 2 d . Eq i , b d y

' This last entry we believe belongs to the learned m r f he a r a e ree the am co pile o t F i f x p dig , f ous Analecta

The site of Newhall had not been selected in order to omman an e ens e ew of the oun r aroun f c d xt iv vi c t y d, or it wa in s on e er s e and the r s r s shut by hill v y id , p o pect f omits ron as th mos m e ma i na e fo s f t w e t li it d i g bl ; if r helter, it wa m r a ro r a e as was s tuat n h s o e pp p i t , it i e i t e lowest a a ar of the a e and s reene r v ilable p t v ll y, c d by t ees on every n a r t r m side . If chose as a pl ce of e i e ent from the bustle and urmo of the reat wor as a n of erm a t il g ld , ki d h it ge, no better choice could be made . Even to the period of its emol t on was not eas a ess e for e d i i it ily cc ibl , th re was not a carriage road deserving of the name leading to it ; and during the earlier part of the seventeenth century we can easily conceive that the roads would be much worse than t e are now and t a the a e o on be rea e b h y , h t pl c c uld ly ch d y 28 DEMONOLOGIA

s ran ers on horse a or on oo w en a om an e a t g b ck f t, h cc p i d by guide well acquainted with the blind paths which led to it fromthe valley of the VVharfe and the town of Otley on the one an and th w f nar s orou and on on h d , e to ns o K e b gh Skipt h r It w s a a as a man w ar of the t e othe . as j ust uch pl ce e y wor wou se e t in w to e mse rom a se ld ld l c , hich hid hi lf f f l friends or furious enemies such an one as the poet himself ’ described when translating Tasso s poem

Entised on wi h o of u u r aine t h pe f t e g , I sufi red long wh at did my soul di splease ; But wh n m u m e wa vaine e y yo th was sp ent y h p e s , elt m nati ve s r n th at las ecr ase I f y t e g t d e , ’ an m loss f l i r m lain I g y o ust e yee es co p e, ’ ’ An d wisht I h ad enj oy d th e countrie s peace ; n I bed th e court farewell , and with conte t, M y later years here have I quiet spent .

Ami h walk of for m h eal h e d t ese groves I e t y t , nd h h s irds and h as s iv ee A to t e fis e , b , e te g e h d, How r f d in or s s rin and la e they a e e f e t, p g, k , ” m r m An d their content ent fo ensa ple take .

It is pleasant to walk where illustrious men have wa e ! to oo u on and adm re the ro s and a es and lk d l k p i ck v l , woo s and streams w t e e e and o e It is d , , hich h y b h ld l v d. pleasing to the imagi nation to conj ure up visions of the poet wandering by the sides of this lonely river in medi a e moo wra e in t ou t or re ea n to t tiv d , pp d deep h gh , p ti g ’ his own tuneful ear his version of the Italian poet s song

’ Th e birds awakt him wi h h eir mornin son t t g g, Th ir war lin mu sicke r t his n r ar e b g p ea s te de e e, Th e murmering brookes and whi skeing winds among h ra lin ou s and l av s ir r s di d r T e t g b ghe e e , the p a t bea e ; ’ His eies unclos d e el th e roves al on b h d g g, Of swaines and sh e er room s h a dw lli n s ar ph d g e t t e g we e .

The ouse and the sma es a e e on in ere h , ll t t b l g g th to , ont nue in the a r a am unt the ear 1 7 1 6 w e c i d F i f x f ily il y , h n was so enr L r o a r a to Mr. am it ld by H y , d F i f x , J es Ibbot son o f Lee s w t w os s n ant t t d , i h h e de ce d s i con inued until ur as the at Mr n ml f rw h e e . o ra No o p ch d by l J h B ey , o ood, w n his e ease in 1 853 e se to his au ter the w o d c d vi d it d gh , ife

‘ A nxsoormsn on wrronAaArr . 81

DZEMONOL OGIA

A Drsoouasn on Wrrcncnm ,

rr WAs Ao'fa n m r m: FAMIL Y or Mn. EDWARD FAmrAx,

A'r r ' Fu sromn, m m Courrrr or Yonx,

In m Ym 1621 .

mi n the amb er .

E N ee r s ian r a r n PR SE T th , Ch i t e de , a arrative of W ra of w am a w itchc ft, hich I oeful witness, and so an t rt i a c bes repo t . Re d this without vindicating a s on and in rea n let th r p s i , di g y disc etion precede thy

judgment. I have set down the actions and accidents ru o ser e t em ser ous wit earn n u t ly ; b v h i ly ; h l i g, if yo be s t a wa not wit reason an furni hed h t y ; if , h d religi on ; the enquiry will afford thee matter enough to assure the wise an t a ere is more t an na ra physici h t th h tu l disease . To answer the superstitious ignorant that the acto rs in this be n osts nor an in a r es and t st th no walki g gh , d c g f i i , o ep e f th n re u ous who en w es for in mouths o e i c d l ( d y itch ) , this t h wor of at an not mere his own bu appeare h t e k S h , ly , t s me w e oa utors w ose co- o ra i assisted by o ick d c dj , by h pe t on

these innocents were thus cruelly afilicted . The particulars will manifest unto you how infallibly the children dis tinguished the actions of the spirits from those of the w s e n to our a a t who o ser e e r wor s itche , ve c p ci y, b v d th i d

rs in r e rem s. rs let m e and behaviou thei xt itie Fi t, e giv DEMONOLOGIA you some notice of the Persons ; and I intreat you to be assured that for myself I am in religion neither a fantastic Puritan nor superstitious Papist ; but so settled in con ’ science that I have the sure ground of God s Word to war ant all e e and th ommen a e ordinan es of r I b li ve, e c d bl c our English Church to approve all I practice ; in which e a a t u r s an and o edien su e and course I liv f i hf l Ch i ti b t bj ct, so teach my family. the a en s two are m au ers of w om s Of p ti t , y d ght , h thi — was the estate when the witches began with them The e er e en a r a a ma of 2 1 ears of erson ld , H l F i f x , id y , p a u of om e on san u ne r r m an o he lthf l , c pl xi g i , f ee f o m el ch ly , of a a t not a re ens e of muc but rat er ar to c p ci y pp h iv h , h h d earn t n s fit slew of s ee a ent of r roo of l hi g , p ch , p ti ep f, behaviour without offence ; educated only in my own s and r r n t n w n a et m ou e e e o e o o mu . h , th f k i g ch Eliz b h , y oun er au ter an n n f s ar n ears of a y g d gh , i fa t o c ce seve y ; easan as e u wit a t s r a e to re e e an pl t p ct, q ick , c ive pi it, bl c iv y

ns ru t on and w n to un er o a ns. es es t ese i t c i , illi g d g p i B id h of mne one au efira au ter of o n ef ra i , M d J y, d gh J h J f y, m h en . a e a ou 1 2 ears su fere mu ro t e g t , g d b t y , hath f d ch f same hands ; but I know her not so well as to speak of ren w t assuran e for t is amenta e o as on child i h c , h l bl cc i did acquaint us only ; neither know I her parents but by sight ; and these be the persons afl icted . The women questioned for this ofience are in number “ six of w om five a in m now t r ore can , h f ll y k ledge ; he ef I give you some character of them ; and the spirits also I

wil es r e as the h ren emons ra e t e r s es. l d c ib , c ild d t t d h i hap Th rs is a e ar aret Wa e a w ow at some e fi t c ll d M g it , id th a o am to we in es ar s w t a us an years g c e d ll th e p t , i h h b d ; who brought with them an evil report for witchcraft and theft ; the man died by the hand of the executioner for a and his r a in r ase the re ort she ste ling, elict h th c e d p t h r f r h ri r am ar s r is a brought wi h e o witc e e . He f ili pi it in w t man e a of o our rou deformed th g i h y fe t, bl ck c l , gh . w a r the ness of a cat the name of un nown . ith h i , big , it k s h r au r a oun om n a reein w h The next i e d ghte , y g w a , g g it A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 33

her mot er in nam an on ons and as is ou sh h e d c diti , , th ght, e added impudency and lewd behaviour ; for she is young and not deformed ; and their house is holden for a recep a e for ome of the wors sort—her s r a wh e cat t cl s t pi it, it s o e wit a and name n es. p tt d h bl ck, d“I g Th t r is nnit e a er old w ow re u e e hi d Je Dibbl , v y id , p t d a witch for many years ; and constant report confirmeth t a h r m r two aun s two s s ers her us an and h t e othe , t , i t , h b d , m h r i r n a all een on es eeme w t es so e of e ch ld e , h ve b l g t d i ch , for that it seemeth hereditary to her family her spirit is in th s a of a rea a cat al e Gibbe w a e h pe g t bl ck c l d , hich h th r attended her now above 40 yea s. ese are ma e u a mass ar are or ' Th d p by M g t Th pe,1 au er of ennit e a e a w ow for w she d ght J Dibbl , l t ly id , hich

eare some ame . s woman r a th l b th bl Thi , if you e d e seque , w er a s seem un o ou not wi ou rea reason to ill p h p t y , th t g t , be an obedient child and docile scholar of so skilful a Her am ar is in th s a f a r w f re n . e e o e o o pa t f ili h p bi d , y ll o our a o u the ness f a ow— h am f c l , b t big o cr t e n e o it is ew T hit . !

it The family name of Waite does not oc cur in the parish register a o ut th ar 1 2 b e ye 6 1 . Th e foll owing extracts from th e register belong to the amil of Di or as Fair a i s a f y bb , f x on th occ sion writes, Dibble

1615 . The wi e of Henr Di was u rie h d of f y bb b d t e 3r January.

1607 . Richard Jefi ray and Jennet Dibb were married the 29th of Fe bruarie . “ 1623 . un e l st . r w n r un J (The e as a othe f eral the same day, after ’ ’ the entr of whi c occurs ld i y h ) O D bb s wife was buried same day.

1 The family name of Thorpe frequ ently occurs in the register ; th e followi ng are a few of the entries belonging to them about the period in question

1603. u ise he th f Ma d, daughter of Raphe Thorpe, was bapt d t 3o o

June. 1606 . Robert Thorpe was buried th e 15th day of May.

0 . R 16 8 aphe Thorpe h ad a child buried th e 26th of Dec ember . Mar h 1 08 . r f l 6 ga et, daughter o Wil iam Thorpe, was baptised t e ” 1 da f A l 6th y o pri .

1610 . enn u o e 2 J et , da ghter f Richard Thorpe, was baptised th 1 th f u o A gust .

’ ewhit is the common name of the a win anellus crista tus in I T L p g , V , this district and a large portion of Yorkshire. 34 DEMONOLOGIA

The fif is a e e er w e of omas “th Eliz b th Fl tch , if Th e er au er to one ra s r a n s n Fl tch , d ght G ce Fo te , de d l o g i ce ; a woman no o r ous ame f r a w wh t i ly f d o itch , o had so ower u an o er the wea es n ours a out h r p f l h d v lthi t eighb b e , that none of them refused to do anything she required ea un esou e ro e her w fir an m a y , b ght th y p vid d ith e, d e t from their own tables ; and did what else they thought wou eas h ld pl e er. The s is a e en n f W am ixth Eliz b th Dick so ,? wife o illi i enson of w om anno a D ck , h I c t s y much of certain know e e ne er is her s r n n Th r r of l dg ; ith pi it k own u to us. e epo t her from my neighbour Jeffray you shall find dispersed in the subsequent discourse i ere is a sevent whi mu affli th h l n Th h ch ch cte t e chi dre , er re uen in a ar t ons and a n un ut v y f q tly pp i i , t lki g to them; b e now her not and r r th y k , the efo e call her the strange s individ m a woman. Thi u hath spirit in the likeness of a whi e cat w she a e Fillie—she a e t went t , hich c ll th h th k p it t y ears y . So many of these persons which fall within our know e e do n a w t in th ores of nares or u h in l dg i h bit i h e F t K b o g ,§

Th e Fletchers have also left their mark in th e register . ll m 1611 . Wi ia Fletcher was buried th e 26th of October.

1 There is a family of thi s name yet exi sting at Swinsty, in the same townshi p as Newhall , whom no one su spects of witchcraft.

I These six women were tried at York Assizes on the charge of witchcraft . Sir Wal ter Scott, speaking of prosecutions of a similar “ m roh On of he ost remar a le was u dor . kind . says e t k b (p p l s ola f si and a instigated by a gent eman , a ch r o clas cal taste, beautiful er an E war Fair a of Fu ston in En poet, being no oth th d d f x , y . at es ’ ’ h ran la or of asso s eru salem Delivere . He borough Forest, t e t s t T J d accu sed six of hi s neighbours of tormenting hi s children by fits of an im s and b a earin e ore the afl ic d in extraordinary kind, by p , y pp g b f te their own shape during th e crisis of these operations. ’ r una l f r air a 8 memor t at the o ects of hi s It happened , fo t te y o F f x y, h bj nd he u a pro secution were persons of good character , a that t j dge was n il ul a c ar o th e ur a man of sense, and made so wise a d sk f h ge t j y, th t ” —L tters on Demonolo and they brou ght in a verdict of Not Guilty. e gy

gTh e Forest of K naresborough in the old feudal days was a district r and harfe of considerable extent, situate between the rive s Nidd W , A DISCOURSE ON WITUHCRAFT. 35 “ the ar s of Fu stone in w w man sus e e p i h y , hich d ell y p ct d for w t es so ha the n a ants om a n mu of rea i ch , t t i h bit c pl i ch g t osses sus a ne in e r oo s es a in e r ne l t i d th i g d , peci lly th i ki , w c F r m w r e hi h should give them milk . o re edy he eof th y wou o to ho w om t a l W s man ' and es ld g t se h hey c l i e , 1 th e wizards teach them to burn young calves alive and the like ; whereof I know that experiments have been made the es of m n urs and re e a e by b t y eighbo , the by th y h v oun e as e re or e So t e is the ru of th f d h lp, th y p t d . lit l t th e Christian religion known in these wild places and among — this ru de people o n whose ignorance God have mercy ! Wh n an of mwa u on r a u e e y the s q esti ed befo e J stic , they

l s r extending about twenty mil es in ength, by even or eight in b eadth . n los w i l n It consisted of a great extent of old e c ed land . to h ch be o ged n l b A of upwards of acres of common . It was e c osed y ct

n r u in cultivation . Parliament in 1770, and mu ch of it has bee b o ght to s wns It is di vided into eleven townshi ps, of which three are pari h to ,

Fewston , or, as Fai rfax writes it, Fuystone, being one ; so that instead of th e Forest of Knaresborough being in th e parish of Fewston

Fewston is in th e Forest of Knaresborou gh . At th e time when Fairfax in wro te thi s treati se it would certa ly b e a wild district, the roads across nd mu f i a s a of natur and it mere trackways, a ch o t t te e ; the people were probably as ru de as the country they inhabited but at the same time we find that there were some among them who did not plac e in ra implicit faith witc hes and witc hc ft , and consequently were more in advance of their age than Fai rfax him%lf.

n r F w on is a ari town l n si a Fuysto e, o e st , p sh p easa tly tu ted on an no r an f h eminence on the rthe n b k o t e river Washburn , a bout six miles

d h sam s an r - f l west of Harrogate , an t e e di t ce no th west o Ot ey. The are scattere irre ularl amon ar ens and small ar l hou ses d g y g g d g ths, a ong the edge of a rather steep hill ; th e church and parsonage being situate rn r r at th e easte ext emity, ove looking a fine and clo se prospect of the f h a u rn wi i s lar l e- r ir vall ey o t e W shb , th t ge, ak like eservo s. Amongst

‘ ’ other objects visible from th e chu rchyard in Fai rfax s day was l h e m of h Newhall , direct y south in t botto t e vall ey, and about a quarter of a mile distant .

1 The Wisemen appear to b e the legitimate su ccessors of th e ancient m d au agi, soothsayers, an gurs, who lived on th e credulity of the people in th e early ages ; their methods of divin ation were much th e same n m in n nor ha s their success bee uch ferior . Ma y of their rites have travell ed through a long succession of ages ; many of them are d s of ot ers ave n a ar l mutila ted, an the part h h bee wkw d y tran sposed ; h e r i they yet preserve, however, t p inc pal traits whi ch distinguished h urit —m s r and knaver t emin their mat y y te y y. 36 nnnonorosix

wan e not o ounse ors and su r r f t d b th c ll ppo te s o the best. These men at feasts and meetings spread reports and mo e ou n err n a su osa of oun r n an v d d bts, i f i g pp l c te feiti g d ra e in the dren and a was not ser ous p ctic chil , th t it i , but a om ina on ro ee in of ma ese n c b ti p c d g lice . Th thi gs e su es e to our ne us es w r n th y gg t d xt J tic , he e it fou d a ’ we ome e er for the erson s sa e who re en e lc , ith p k p s t d it, or for a s ma s ra es are n n , th t tho e gi t t i credulous of thi gs of s n or for er a s ot ese rea ons er thi ki d ; , p h p b h th s . H e upon objections were made against the truth by persons f r rs su as a o th ee sorts ; fi t, by ch ttribute to o much to na ura auses some nes and s an h t l c ; divi phy ici s, w o receiving information that the children in their trances and fits had ers on u s ons and s ort ons of rs m m r div c v l i di t i dive e be s, stran e wr n n s in e r e es and o er s m oms g i gi g th i b lli , th y pt , concluded that the matter was merely natural infirmity neither did the infancy of the younger persuade them that

she was free fromthat passion. To satisfy me herein some o me in s but n books were lent t phy ic , they did ot describe their agonies as I thought ; for I saw in the children many things which could not be done but by operations of agents supernatural ; for when any person in an extacy is s un or to do su n s as th or an heard to utter a o d, ch thi g e g s anno ef e or su es the n e e of a natural body c t f ct , ch, i t ll ct r s ou not a e at or or passive of the pa tie c ld h v , bef e that n r romreason se or roman of the ou war insta t, eithe f it lf f y t d

a nses en we mus ne essar on u e t a or inw rd se , th t c ily c cl d h t a a romw t out the a en of some the patient h th th t f i h , by g cy r oo rom God as in his r s power supernatu al ; if g d , f , p ophet —if e rom the e i as in en an ers and apostles, vil , f d v l , ch t , h 85 . Let ere ore t e s an and oso er witches, 0 th f phy ici phil ph ons and s ee es of t ese ren and consider the acti p ch h child , they will be fully satisfied that my children in their visita

tion suffer more than natural disease . n a 28th o er 1 621 m au er e en a r On Su d y , Oct b , , y d ght H l F i t n o the ar our at m ouse at Newhall a t e fax was sen i t p l y h , li tl r t me to see t a the fire not ur and t r before suppe i , h t did h t, he e w en W l am ax m s n she stayed for awhile ; h il i Fairf , y elde t so ,

38 DEMONOLOGIA

n a ur a 3rd Nov em er near rea of da in the O S t d y , b , b k y “ morn as she la in m room she r e out su en — , y y , c i d dd ly Oh , ” I am o sone Her mot er as e W a w t ? p i d h k d, h t i h he a w re w te cat has een on u on me and S ns e d A hi b l g p , rawn m rea and at eft in m mout and t roat so d y b th , h h l y h h ” t W n ea our a sme t a it o o son me . e e e filthy ll , h t d h p i d v d rs a h r h but ream and en oura e to pe u de e that s e did d , c g d her not to le t any conceit trouble her but she persevered to affirm it was rue and no dream and we o serve t , ; did b a ter t s ow n in h r m t the cat in man of her f hi bl i g e ou h by , y

rances she o e mu oo at her mouth . t , v id d ch bl d We nes a 1 4th No em er she saw a a do her d d y, v b , bl ck g by s and a r a t e s ee she had an a ar t on of bed ide , fte lit l l p, pp i i one e a oun en eman er ra e and a hat w t a o lik y g g tl , v y b v ; i h g ld an and ruf in as n h a ute her w the same b d, f f hio e did s l ith om ment as she sa Sir erdi nan o air a uset c pli , id, F d F f x h n h am her mo er at whe e c e to the house to salute th . Th oun man o h r he am to b e a su or un o her she y g t ld e c e it t , if m And h as were m n e to marr and ou e of hi . s e e i d d y, c ld lik k d him w at he was h sa h was a r n e and wou ma e h ; e id e p i c , ld k her queen of England and all the world if she would go with him she re use and sa In the name of God what ; f d, id , ” are ou He re ntl di or her to name God to y ? p se y d f bid , w ic she re e Y ou are no man ou anno a e h h pli d, if y c t bid the name of God but ou be a man ome near me and if y , c .

let me ee ou . W he wou not do but sa was f l y hich ld , id it no ma f r h ro ee e ou w re a tter o feeling. S e p c d d If y e

n . was, and did prodigiou s ac tio s These young maids were separated n an n n from her sight and communicatio , d ot having co tracted yet such am b all profound roots of th e evil , they c e to e cured by their absence ; r rwar s b h and this lady was also cu ed afte d y a physician , who purged t e ” atr ili i i n b h l a e ab ou s humour . Thi s s g ve y t e e rn d knight as a proof of the ower of s m p y pathy.

Son of Sir omas first or Fair a and ne ew of E war Th . L d f x , ph d d

ir a . 1 23 e a f r r Fa f x In 6 , h w s elected M . P . o Bo oughbridge ; on the breaking out of the great civil war h e was appointed commander for th e rliam n n h r H u Pa e t i t e no th . e s cceeded his father as second Lord

Fair a aron ameron . Du rin om ar f a f x , B C g s e p t o his life h e resided t c ou h Hall in h all f S g , t e v ey o the Washburn, about two mil es distant m ’ fro his uncle s house at Newhall . ' ' A nrsoounsn on wrroncaAF r. 89

man ou wou not en to be e but ou are the e l y ld d y f lt, y d vi , ” and art but a s a ow en he wen awa but re urne h d . Th t y , t d a a r woman r a tir who he sa d was his with f i , ichly t ed , , i , e a a rer mu t an she was but et he sa she wif , f i by ch h , y , id , if o w him he wou ea e the o er —but she would g ith , ld l v th

o w him. n h e ar e b ut e his w e refused to g ith The e d p t d, l ft if f a sma t me but re urn and et e her resen . or ll i , t ed f ch d p tly A tt a ter he a are to her a a n b ut not so ra e as li le f ppe d g i , b v e ore and o ere her a n e mov n her to i erse b f , ff d k if , i g k ll h lf

h him h u n t. en h of re her there with . S e told s e wo ld o Th e fe d

a ro e whi she a so re use . en he a se her to ta e p , ch l f d Th dvi d k a in ut of h r c an o n h r mo She p o e lothes d t put it i to e uth .

answere I a no ns m o s are sewe . He d h ve pi , y cl the d sa Y es ou a e a rea in in our e t oa w id , y h v g t p y p t ic t, hich ” w o r turn he en e she had an su b t r . ill se ve y u S d i d y ch , u a terwar s she showed us the sa in w en she re e e f d id p , h c iv d

h senses . ur r he ersua h r to o to th er perfect F the , p ded e g e h N0 m a er and mo r o t wa r. S e sa e heck t fe ch te id , y f th th — will not let me fetch in water shall I go to the heck for ’ ou to ut me nto it ? Or w I m se to o w t ou y p i , ill kill y lf g i h y , m at e or ro r were to om u think ye ? If y f h r b the c e , yo ” ar not tarr ! He sa a er is nau d e y id, Thy f th ght ; thy r is nau I am not a ra of an man She brothe ght ; f id y . ” H re e I w sen for Mr . oo e . e sa oo e i pli d , ill d C k id, C k s ” M a lying villain ! At these words r. Cooke seemed to in at th ar our oor in his own w he come e p l d , g , hich put a as she a ter re orte and she saw his tt e ree b ck, f p d, li l b ches “ n to sa Y ou are we om M un er it. She e a e r d b g y, lc .

o e a e a s oo and sit own . I am sore rou e w t C ok , t k t l d t bl d i h

on r . e ! he stan et a now and rem et . He e he e Se d h b ck , t bl h m a And so o off r a n nd a ro e Mr . e ed e k ife , p , t ld

Mr . Cooke all that had passed . Then C ooke to ok a a m n o rom un r hi arm and an to p rch e t b ok f de s , beg read

ra ers and her not be a r but ut her trus in God . p y , bid f aid, p t (At that instant my son took the bible and read in the ”

Mr . o r a . At sa ms . And she sa ar o e e e P l ) id, H k C k d th w i nstant the em ter wen awa and e t her but h ch i t p t y l f ; ,

h Mr . o a a o t e other like Co ke, did exhort her to h ve g od 40 DEMONOL OGIA

e r and o rus in God and sa he wou now e ar h a t, t t t id ld d p t

- b ut come a a n to morrow or w en she sen for him. g i , h t

So he went awa and she ame to erse . o n our y, c h lf Up eman s w a trou e her she re or e all t s not d d h t bl d , p t d hi , now n at we had seen or ear an ar But w en k i g th h d y p t . h we perceived by her speeches the manner of this great em on re o e in ra er for her and no e all she t ptati , we j ic d p y , t d

said . ere I anno but n who h s om orter was who in H , c t thi k t i c f , the a f Mr oo e seeme to ra for her ns ru t sh pe o . C k d p y , i t c and om or her an ev s ir t — hen a an is a a ns c f t . If il p i , t S th g i t

ms and so his n om is di e . a oo one hi elf, ki gd vid d If g d , it mus an a n for her ar i u ar r t be a good gel ppoi ted p t c l gua d . on a ur a the eent No em er 1 621 in th Up S t d y , fift h v b , , e it en she e as ee and t en n o a ran e in w the k ch , f ll l p, h i t t c , hich tempter again appeared ; and she began to say Begone at an ! But he mo e her to o n o the am r an S h v d g i t ch be , d er to a out or o n o the ac ourt and r th e le p ; g i t b k c , the e he wou mee her but she re use all and sa a I o ld t ; f d , id Sh ll g to the m for ou to u t me n o the wa e r ? en h ill , y p i t t Th e

of ere her a a er w she wou not a e . a f d d gg , hich ld t k Th t one he resente her w t a red orse urn she w t d p d i h h , f i d i h a reen sa e and ra n s and ra e her to et u on him g ddl t ppi g , p y d g p d an r e and he wou arr her w t him. She answ re id , ld c y i h e d “ ost t o arr to n or a W l t D h u c y folk hell o h seb ck ? ell , e emr e to e who w for I w o on oo t ea en th id h ll ill, ill g f t o h v I ’ en he cut off the orse s a and she as e it wa Th h he d, k d if s usua to r e on a orse w t ou a a He re e l id h i h t he d ? pli d, h s a on a a n sh was ease to r e could et th t g i if e pl d ide.

These vi sions evidently belong to that class of phenomena now ” e f l known by the nam o Spectral Il u sions . Mackni sh , in his Philo ” l a s ma i sophy of S eep , s ys, Variou s cau se y so exc te the brain as ro uce ese antasma a su c as reat men di to p d th ph t , h g tal stress, sleep , n s nervou s irritation reli iou e cit m n r less es , , g s x e e t , feve , epilepsy um r m ns x u n o pium, deliri t e e , e cessive st dy, a d dyspepsia . I have known them to arise without the apparent concurrence of any mental or

. I sa a ar nt r bodily distemper y p p e , for it is ve y evident there mu st b e ome unctional eran ement owev r mu c it ma b hi e ro s f d g , h e h y e dd n f m

observation. A m s N w rcs ax ' scoua n O r o rr . 41

er ese wor s she name God w ereun o h an Aft th d d , h t e swered , h as there was no God but he . S e ked what he was god

of He answere God of a t . She r d d, F i h eplie , You are a e and ome to e e e me in re d vil , c th d c iv p tty shapes,

but now I see you are the same . What was that that t m m ro her omas all in came o e like y b t Th , gold lace ? He i n sa was one of h s a e s. She eman id it g l d ded, Hast ” ” n He answere Yea t n thou a gels ? d , , e thousand ! “ h e ou art the e and r S e proc eded, Th d vil , thy p ide was a e n ua w such tho u wouldest h ve b e eq l ith God. Thou wert a as name s ews for ou w a bright ngel , thy h , th ast called Lu er and ou s re e a a ns God and er cif , th did t b l g i t , th efore a hell was made for thee and for all thy partakers ; and for all r and ra er et ou art and thy p ide b v y, y th , ever shall be ” en he urne n o th s a in torment. Th t d i t e h pe of a beast

man orns . She sa 0 w a rr with y h id, , h t te ible horns hast ” t ou ! en was he e a a . To w she sa h Th lik c lf hich id,

a a ou t n es w - Now gre t c lf, th hi k t ith thy ill favoured es to s a me but t ou anno for as o shap l y , h c t ; G d will not e me w re s a s so let thee deceiv ith p tty h pe , thou canst not w - a oure ones for o slay me ith thy ill f v d , th u art still but ” the same . resen he was e a er e do P tly lik v y littl g , and desired her to open her mouth and let him come into her bo and en he wou ru e all the w r dy, th ld l o ld . She said “ , No ! for ou s e e e o n W nn at L th did t d c iv J h i , eeds ; but ’ ” now ou art a do I had a staff I wou l t th g , if ld ki l hee.

Lastl he fi e the c en w fire. he sa y, ll d kit h ith S id, Wouldst thou s a me w th fire ? ou ans no f I l y ith y Th c t t, or neither

care for ee nor fire . ou ans not s a m th thy Th c t l y e, for ” G d o h and e er w e en me o h o d t v ill d f d . S e promised to

come to her a a n in bed and e ar e . W en h g i , d p t d h s e came r l and her memor was er e sh to he se f y p f ct, e confirmed all wor s h had s o en in her ran e an the d s e p k t c , d the words of the spirit also ; which by her answers we had collected and set own ou we ear not his wor s at all Y h d , th gh h d d . et er rela ’ tion of the devil s words and actions approved them to be as w ha on e e a set em e d c c iv d nd th down. Which rule served afterwards and erred not in an of the o low n ol y f l i g c lections. D 42 DEMONOLOGIA

On Fr a l 6th No em er she sit u er la id y, v b , did p v y te, bein . not w n to o to bed as se m g illi g g it e ed , because the s r sa he wou ome to be a pi it id ld c d th t night . Her brother W am and a et m t a ser ant w illi , Eliz b h S i h , v , did atch with her ; but at last she grew heavy with sleep and went to bed and was resent in a tran e w n r , p ly c hich bei g pe ceived, I arose and came to her ; whereupon she was instantly

~ we and to t a a red cat a u on her b ut no ll , ld h t l id p , w she

was one . So she res u e th m g ted q i tly till e orning . The da o ow n th s r a eare to her an h y f ll i g e pi it pp d , d told er that m he a e to her in the n . She sa Y ea but c ight id, , thou durst not tarry ; but I will lie this night with my father ” and mot er and ere ou are not ome . on es h , th y d c Up th e s e es h r mo her oo her to bed w h r at n pe ch e t t k ith e th ight, h r tl n th a in th m where s e ested quie y u til e d ylight e orning . a er wa a a do am h Then she s id th e s bl ck g c e to t e bedside, and leaped upon the bed her mother in some fear started o ut of the bed and I r e I ou ee the do but I , t i d if c ld f l g , felt nothing ; and the wench said The dog has leaped ”

a . sh arose and wa in r down nd gone So e , s a t ance at the m same ti e. on r a No em er 23rd 1 621 I was in th Up F id y , v b , , e i n w man of m ami and th er some S e s k tche ith y y f ly, e p eche w re ma e a out harm rs and loc k rs on as our ru e d b c e e , ( de people call them) and the names of many were reckoned u who were t ou t to be s i u t ere n and was sa p h gh k lf l h i , it id that such as go to these charmers carry and give thema single as n m r m m r . or s a e o o to w to e penny These w d g v cc i y ife e be , and e a she had a s n e enn en her amon st t ll it, th t i gl p y giv g

m ar are Wa senr. w she a for other oney by M g t it , , hich p id Th oman esire her to ee the enn for she corn . e w d d k p p y, wou ome for it a a n w she a or n a few ld c g i , hich did cc di gly ter and man e affirmn a she wou not days af , de d d it, i g th t ld m m a for an t n for e her ro rea n . Sh l ck it y hi g, it k pt f d i g e said it had a hole in it by which she hung it about her a r a at w wor s su as were res n neck by th e d, hich d ch p e t W s n m a . e s r an w h om langhed, especi lly Fi h, th y e v t, it wh w ma was er an r and e ar e an r wi out the o n v y g y , d p t d g y, th m ' A scouass ON wrr oncaxrr . 43

her penny . Upon the relation I willed my wife to fetch the enn she had but she a e no rea r p y , g v g t espect to what was sa t I ur e her ereun o a I id, ill g d th t , s ying would burn ’ the enn for the woman s on ess on h p y, by c f i it ad been put to evil use ; who said she had been much troubled with dreams s n e she wan e and ere ore I u i c t d it, th f , s pposed , it was rme b ut she oun e a s un i t as I o cha d ; f d d l y , t l a l t t ld ’ her a Wa t s w e were n ee a w as th t if i if i d d itch, she was re u e en we wen not r s n p t d , th if t p e e tly it was likely it

wou be one. She answere ou n f ld g d it c ld ot, or it was sa e o u in the es in th ar f ly l cked p d k e p lour. Myself not e n sat s e I arose and w m b i g i fi d, , ith y wife went to the es w was o e we o ne t a d k , hich l ck d ; pe d i nd sought the enn w t all en e and e t not a a r uno n p y i h dilig c , l f p pe pe ed, nor an a e unsou but the enn y pl c ght, p y was not to be

oun . W erea we were a tt e ama f f d h t li l zed, or the plac e w ere the nn la was on a t e s e in h h pe y y li tl h lf t e desk , easy to be seen and the es was sure n w , d k ly locked whe e came h to . a a in t e t en m a it Th t d y ki ch , y d ughter saw the s m u e of a man ome in at the to of the mn i ilit d c p chi ey, and n o a tran e The man h presently fell i t c . told er he had ’ men e th au r of o n efl ra ’ and a h d d e d ghte J h J y, th t e would m men her she wou . To w o she sa d if ld h id, Hast thou ’ m n ffra s au er ? It is e enou for e ded Je y d ght lik gh , they run w t and w ar s for reme but e w n to i ches iz d dy, w ill go to one ” “ . H a Wh w not b m n I such e s id , y ill ye e e ded ? will ” amen ou ou w for she is w o e . Sh answer d y if y ill , h l e ed , “ s l I will none of thy amends. God hal mend me when it

n t r. But w r enn pleaseth him, and no e o he he e is the p y ?

Jefi ray is very common as a surname in the Forest of K nares w borou gh , b ut this individual , John Jsfi ray, was located e believe, i of Nor about two miles to the eastward of Newhall , in the townsh p

rees . The nam is of re u nt occur wood, in a hou se called The T e f q e i en ro a l rence in th e Fewston parochial register . The foll ow ng try p b b y wi 1 u au ter of belongs to the young person be tched 607 . Ma d, d gh ” a s he 6th da of Fe ruar . is woul John Jeffray, was b pti ed t y b y Th d

2 h ea f enc antm nt . The make h er 14 years of age in 16 1 , t e gr t year o h e 4 Old foll owing singular entry also belong s to this family 161 . ” r s buried the 7th of A ril . Jefiray wyfe, of the t ee , was p 44 nn nononoerx

H “ e answere is one . She sa Y ou a e d , It g id, did t k it ” awa h s a s b ut . en an n o e sh y Th e did ch ge i to th r h pe , e os h — H a cl ed er eyes till then they were open. e b de her m w f oo at hi . She ans ere I w not or t ou os l k d , ill , h d t turn th se n o some ill- a o re eness ere ore I y lf i t f v u d lik , th f ” w not oo at u ur er she o him she ur ose ill l k yo . F th , t ld p p d to o to ur on un a and ere he urs not ome g ch ch S d y, th d t c , b ut he t reat n t h t wa and n er her h e ed o meet er by he y hi d . Sh r h i e e e s e wou tr it. So her e es were s ose pli d, ld y y t ll cl d for a t me an h an the s ir was i , d at last s e looked up d p it gone. ’ Y ou heard how William Fish did laugh at Wait s wife for her s eec es a o h n and how th woman was p h b ut t e pen y , e — offended at him for laughing since which time a misera ble infirmity has fallen upon him; for the one of his feet is rotte awa and a en off rom his le and un u in d y f ll f g , h g p ’ his a er s ouse w r h l th f a ad s a e . f th h , he e e ye or s pect cl His e s are now rea to a ff th nee and his l g dy f ll o by e k , er a n eat e e e a or n to an m re a on c t i d h xp ct d, cc di g i p c ti ’ a n hi But I n u not s t n s. ef ra gai st m. ce s re the e hi g J f y s au er whom th s r r s a e of is au d ght , e pi it he e pe k th , M d ef ra she saw a s on of a bo who a ear to h J f y ; vi i y, pp ed er ’ as she was milking her father s kine ; and the wench there u on e o en n o man trances and rea e as es p f ll ft i t y , g t xt i ; w om man ersons wen to s and the re ort of h y p t vi it , p it h f m r came to our ears about t e midst o Nove be . Her aren s as is sa wen to a w ar who wrou so p t , it id , t iz d, ght t a th wen am n e for six or se en wee s and was h t e ch e d d v k , r we ut en r a n o rea er infirmities pe fectly ll, b th el psed i t g t

n f o This is a most extraordinary stateme t ; ar to b ad to b e tru e. l Th e credul ou s writer mu st either have deceived himse f, or been de im l a uman in li c eived by others. As it is possib e for h be g to ve any be w naturall l ength of timo in such a state as is here descri d , e y expected that h e woul d di e an d b e buried in the ordinary manner , and looked r f s uri coul into the parish re ister for th e ent y o hi b al , b ut d not find g — b r . occ urs t ere 1597 o litera it. The name of Eya e, howeve h , b ted ” ize e th da of Ma . is mi son s of Henry Fyshe, was bapt d y 7 y y Th ght ’ n b e the identical William Fish of the poet s hall ucinatio , who would at that time be M years of age.

46 nm oNot oc u

to surmse a m be th a on of some witc man i th t it ight e cti h, y e n e re u e but we w re slow to ie e et on b i g vil p t d , e bel v , y We nes a the 5 th e em er t s ac c en the more d d y, D c b , hi id t confirm u —M au r was in th it en and e w s z y d ghte e k ch , f ll nto a ran e un o w om a are a woman as she o en i t c , t h ppe d , ft ’ re or e e to Wa t s w e in all h n s sa e a she p t d, lik i if t i g v th t T m and looked somewhat younger . he wo an saluted her sa Mrs I am a oor ne our ome to see ou and id, , p ighb c y , a e not n to r n ou b ut t s enn bu w t h v hi g b i g y hi p y, y i h it ” w t An h n her ha you please . d thereupon s e laid upo nee a s n le nn b ut sh w h r t one and k i g pe y ; e illed e to ge g , take her penny with her ; which the woman did accord n l m a nt i h r i . But she a e a n rese and rou n e g y c g i p ly, b ght arms a in swa n ot es and w t rown n oo s child ddli g cl h , i h f i g l k sa I w a e th and the c s a su out id ill h v y life , hild h ll ck ’ thy heart s blood ! Whereupon she set the child to her reas w as she ou su e e ement for the b t, hich, th ght, ck d v h ly space of half an hour ; all which time she lay in great a on es and r e e sore and seeme to us who stoo g i , g i v d , d d t r t r s In th end h as a l in abou he o be ve y ick . e s e c t up l her stomac and the t ereu on was ta en rom her h , child h p k f reast the woman and she s a e and sa as ou b by , p k id H t th ’ ” en me ? We o s w be one ! And a n s giv it ll , G d ill d h vi g poken ese wor s the woman de arte w t the c and sh th d p d i h hild, e

ame to erse . I as e her how she sh answere c h lf k d did, e d ’ We but I must die resent f r m r s i ll, p ly o y hea t blood s

su e out and I a e cast . ck d , h v it up Then she told us all ’ ’ the manner of the woman s coming and the child s sucking ’ and a erre he woman was Wa t s w e and ere ore v d t i if , th f on u e she must s ort die but we om orte her c cl d d h ly ; c f d , and assured her she did not cast up any blood ; but at w rce e she a in r t a on an a th e pe iv d w s g ea g y, d th t she had a natural vomit ; and informed her that these were us ons or es rom the e l or some w es ill i li f d vi , itch ; and therefore we gave her the best advice we could rom a es of r ur t rsua e her and so in f pl c Sc ipt e o pe d , the end sh was fi m t the e satis ed, and s iled a deceit of th e witch . A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 47

‘ U on a ur a e em er 6th nr ra er a ne h p S t d y , D c b , He y G v , ig bour ame to see her and un her in a ran e in c , fo d t c , which she remained not long and when she came to er e sh o a w ore her r h s lf, e t ld th t t o hares fought bef ve y rue s a dr w on of ano er one of c lly, o th t they e bloo d e th ; em h was h tr of a are the o er was th s e said t e ue colour h , th

not so but mos whi e . , tly t on r a the 7th e em er she was in bed in the Up F id y, D c b , ar our and s as as ee t a none ou wa e her p l , o f t l p h t c ld k , at last he heard her say Shall I sleep three hours and t en be w s was ar h r ro r W l am h ell ? Thi he d by e b the , i li

The family of Graver was of good standing an d repute in Fews ton, and this person does not appear to have yi elded to the blind belief in witchcraft whi ch misled Fairfax and many of his neighbours. He is h even charged afterwards with aiding . abetting , an d screening t e wi w h n h n. tches, which e t i k is much to t e credit of hi s good sense, co in h a h sidering th e fatu ation of t e ge in which e lived . The family were ’ of good old yeoman stock , and long standing in th e Forest of K naresbro . r Robe t Graver an d Henry Graver paid poll tax in this parish in 1378 . In 1 r n of Ro ert 536 , John G aver , of Fuyston , was a wit ess to the will b f r n ister in 1596 Beckwith , o Dacre. The name occu s in th e Fewsto reg , an d the foll owing extracts from th e same record also belong to this

1 H nr r v r w a z h h f 602 . r u r of a Ma y, da ghte e y G e , as b pti ed t e 18t o ” u A gust .

1605 . E li zabeth, daughter of Henry Graver, was baptized th e 8th ” of Se m r pte be .

1616 . Ann au t of H r d h rd , d gh er enry G aver, was baptize t e 28 of

Februarie.

1621 . Mar are au r f v g t , d ghte o Henry Gra er, was baptized the 16th of Ap

1606 . Xp ofer Graver and Isabel Ward were married the l st of

June.

1606 . William son of X of r av r w i , p e Gr e , as bapt sed the 30th

November .

1607 . Ali ce dau r f , ghte o William Graver, was baptized the 28th of

Januarie.

1641 . H nr e y Graver was buried the 12th of Februarie.

1654. Radul hu s rav r l ri a p G e , C e cu s, in ho c p arochia natu s et edu ca tus ; de ecclesia de Long Green in comitate Derb ensi sepultu s ” uit Se tim f p o die Martii .

From th e above extracts it is evi dent that there were three families of th n e ame of Graver living in the parish of Fewston at one time .

Richard Graver paid hearth tax in Thruscross in thi s parish 1672 . h n T e ame is now extinct. 48 na moNoLoerx

’ Fairfax . This was told her by a woman like Wait s wife — a she not e she sho be w in t ree ours th t if did t ll uld ell h h , b ut she to t en she wo a e h r and man if ld , h uld h v e life ; y ot er su e s ec es amon w c sh a to the h ch lik pe h , g hi h e s id woman Dost thou deny tho u pinned my band ? Thou nowes it is true and I had a of wat r in m an to k t , kit e y h d ’

as on the ot es or e se ou s ou s not. ou sen c t cl h , l th h ld t Th t two ares to me but I do n ar f r al l the s r ts ou h , ot c e o pi i th ’ ” can st send . The woman replied Y ou think I do

ew ou but I do not is ess os er . za e b itch y , , it B F t , (viz Eli b th Fletcher) and I will tell you when If you remember ’ your mother sent you to Bess Foster s last summer for mone for orn and as o r urn rom her u e ou y c , y u did et f ho s , y did sleep upon the stile in Bland Fields! and you could s ar e et o er ow on r e for s ee n and a a n c c ly g v R t b idg l pi g, g i u n yo did sleep i your o wn pasture a great while . There

re it is ess oster and n t I t a ew c e ou . She fo B F , o h t b it h d y re e I n one of ou w t es w an anot er pli d thi k y i ch ill h g h , ” i ran f r Th m a a I w a e a war o ou . e wo an s N ll h v t y id y, a r a he thine uncle Sir Thomas F i f x is not a t home . S ” m r t u answere he be not at o e t e e be o er s es. d If h , h h j tic ’ s ur on n In h m a t me W t s This di co se c ti ued long. t e e n i ai wife c me to m ouse for had s nt f r h r w t in nt to ma a y h , I e o e , i h te ke

From this piece of topography it is evident that Bess Foster rw d resided in No ood , an probably a couple of mil es east of Newhall . Fi l s et re ain h n me d s Bland e d y t t e a , an a footpath yet lead u p them from the river Washburn to the tu rnpike road whi ch intersects Norwood

r l n r m o . from no th to south , eadi g f o Pateley Bridge t Otley Rowto n w s o ri cr s rn a bridg e a a fo t b dg e a o s th e Washbu , bout a mil e ea st o f r f r ar n ar whi c r s s n s r Newhall . A fo d o c ts, e h we e some tepping to e , bo e n a th e name of Rowton Wath u p to a recent period , ow all h ve dis n f ral oot a win in rou th e asture appeared, a d instead o th e ru f p th d g th gh p , h n ri r w e and the bridge of timber crossing t e woo d fri ged ve , e s e ” B u s n h er au ter for he Water, water everywhere . y th se ding d gh t

n Mrs . air a was receiver as mo ey for the corn sold, it is evident that F f x ’ - rm a New well as paymaster general of her hu sband s estate. The fa t l no sur lu s rn for sal b ut we hall , we are quite sure , would yie d p co e ; nl f mu st bear in mind th at Edward Fairfax held Fewston mill , o y a ew hi ou se on th e o osite si e of the Was hundred yards from s own h , pp d h n and u i n a of burn, and to his other qualificatio s occ pat o s added th t a mill r corn e . A DISCOUBSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 49

trial if my daughter would challenge her to be the woman who appeared to her with the child that sucked her breast . The person of the woman I knew not when I saw her in m en un I was n orme who she was t en y kitch , til i f d ; h I wa e ort w t her un er the s e of the ar en and lk d f h i h d id g d , t h r m s s ons and reasons had for the same old e y u pici , I ,

' name a she ot a ou of m au er when she ly , th t g t ch y d ght h r a o th ma r of the nn pinned her band . I told e ls e tte pe y

and f h r a r ion w t the . She en e all and o e ppa it i h child d i d , r n h m sh ta e w t me m a r n h du i g t e ti e e lk d i h , y d ughte i er bed continued still the conference aforesaid with her simili m m n r w h u e to aston s e . e o n e een t b d t d , y i h t Aft g i g b t e e and the ar en and ear n how it asse in o a es g d , h i g p d b th pl c , the woman herself with me was in great passion when I told her w a ear in the ar our and she es re t be on h t I h d p l , d i d o g e , or t a Mar are Wa her au ter m t ome to her h t g t it, d gh , igh c , t he au for she must needs speak o r d ghter. But I still hr a n u b carr e e ore a us I t e te ed she sho ld e i d b f J tice. sent for nr ra er and for Mr . m son He y G v , S ith , the Vicar of

i nar art of w This is the most extraordi y p the case, and hi ch woul d m un f cr d lit li require th e greatest a o t o e u y to be eve. Here was a woman n urse in two istinct lac es at e sam m carryi g on disco d p th e ti e, a feat, we r h most o p resume, which would ove tas k t e v luble of the sex. Sir Walter Scott remarks on this point Admitting this last circumstance le m of roo it av a m to be a gitimate ode p f , g e ost cru el advantage against no e c onfu the accu sed, for it coul d t b ted even by the most di stinct li sor i wa a bi . To a defence of that t t s replied , that th e afflicted r w p e sonfdid not see th e actual witc h , ho se corporeal presence mu st in r on deed have been obviou s to eve y e in th e room, as well as to the afi icted ; b ut that the evidence of the snfi erers related to th e appear

ance of their sp ectre or apparition . The obviou s tendency of this octrine as to ionar or s ectral evi enc i a d vis y p d e, as t was call ed , w s to place th e life and fame of th e ac cu sed in th e power of any hyp ochon driac ati t im stor wh o mi p ent, or malignan po , ght either seem to see, or

a r sh tru m of h e accu se . ve e saw, the spec t d A notion of this dua l power in the human being appears to have haunted the brain of that ’ hil n Di . In fanciful p osopher, Sir Ke elm gby his treatise On man s t e is w r soul h e says that she ( h soul) , no he e, and (yet u pon th e m h i atter) everywhere that s e s bound to no place, and yet remote from none ha sh is a le to wor u n n ; t t e b k po all , without shifting from o e

to an other, or coming near any ; and that she is free from all, without ” removing or parting fromany one. 50 nm onot ocm

Fu stone to w om re r e he stran ness of the a y , h I po t d t ge c se ; and of em e e a e b ut I o n m se d th xpect d dvic , f u d y lf eceived in at tat on f r h m n r r n h th expec i , o t ese e we e great f ie ds to t e woman and urne all r s s to n r a I w , t d thei peeche e t e t ould suffer the woman to e ar and to ma e ur er tr a e ore d p t, k f th i l b f rou the woman in ues on to w i I ons n I b ght q ti ; h ch c e ted . s w e the wen in bed a e to her s mil u e an Thi hil ch t lk d i it d , d e or e her to re ntan e e se she wou b an e xh t d pe c , l ld e h g d ; and “ o her a the ri ures sa ere s a not be a t ld th t Sc pt id, Th h ll ” w in I ta th two m n an h ma itch Israel . s yed e e d t e wo n l m au r ar who a th f h ti l y d ghte should ise , bout e end o t ree ours re o ere rom her ran e and arose and r or e h , c v d f t c , ep t d w s w Th w n hat had pa sed between the oman and her. e e ch new no n a the woman erse was w m k thi g th t h lf ith e, whom

I sta e and e in ta . The wen e n r a y d k pt lk ch b i g e dy, came ’ ort to us and as soon as sh saw Wa s w e s f h , e it if , he said This is the woman in all respects that came to me with the ” and who s oo e n no w m e s . child, t d ve by y b d ide This trial e n ma e I e e to let the woman o and to her m b i g d , yi ld d g , ld y o n on I ou e she was a w and ere ore an pi i , d bt d itch, th f , if y thing came to my daughter she should answer it with her m n e . So s sse her and o or mos ow lif I di i d , g i g f e t t ards the a e of the cour su en she s i e e or th two m n g t t, dd ly l pp d b f e e e , and with her hand gave a clap upon the back ; at which I urne su en and sa See ou s ow se not t d dd ly, id , if th h thy lf a r w t n ee who annot e art w ou e t n a ight i ch i d d, c d p ith t g t i g ou of me t a t ou ma s w m b t I o t ch , h t h ye t be itch e ; u h pe ” God w reser me . w e an aw s and ill p ve My if by ch ce s thi , w mu ass on rea ene her t an n a ith ch p i th t d wi h h gi g, if ny Th m w n m mur n e ame unto me . e wo an e awa ur and vil c t y i g, in h r o n ome so o ten stoo st and some m s e g i g h f d ill, ti e turne a ou and somet mes oo e a in a s ran e d b t, i l k d b ck t g ‘ manner at er m n w r n a l sh w n , th div s e o ki g in c ose as e e t,

and other persons marvelled to see her so sore troubled . In s re or of the a en of h s da at w con thi p t ccid t t i y, th hich rne ess os er was t s— a et et er usua ce d B F t , hi Eliz b h Fl ch , lly a e ess os er owe som mon to m w e for c ll d B F t , did e ey y if n w m s h cor , ho sent y daughter for it to her hou e ; in er A DISCOURSEON WITCHCRAFT. 5 1

rn the wen was r s ee and sat own on a retu ch ve y l py , d up st in a se a e the an e s and a er a in the ile clo c ll d Bl d Fi ld , ft th t bushes in a cow pasture belonging to my house ; in which no s e b ut was ra er in a tran for in places she did t le p, th ce, h m h t she ear the ir s s n and saw so me t e ti e s e sa h d b d i g, m mor r an t n s w her e se e not to es r e. str ge hi g , hich y v d d c ib a ne in th ummer e ore and was not n wn This h ppe d e s b f , k o A t h n n f to us before the trance revealed it . s o t e pin i g o th an t a w in th s mmer a o w e had a e b d, h t as e u ls . My if l id a me of her n n n t ma forth upon the gr ss so fi est li e , o ke w te and h m a e it and it hi , s e left y d ught r Helen to s beside, atten wi her wor ‘ wh wn an e to the d it th k , o went do by ch c r er and et a tt t n en to row the iv , f ched ki le of water wi h i t t th same u on the o s an o r u t it owar s em in p cl th , d s b o gh t d th ’ ot her an s t a nstan Wa t s wi e en unknown b h h d . At h t i t i f , th to an of us ame un o her sa n Mrs our an is y , c t , yi g, , y b d " oo e let me in it — and so s e n to her e ther l s , p , t ppi g , did i W ma we be rue in er an or s eme so to do . p h b d, e d hich y ll t ,

leasantl remin s u s This is a pretty piec e of pastoral life , and p y d w en he au ters of of the sweet simplicity of ancient days, h t d gh h o s an d atten e wit t eir kings and rul ers drew water for t e fl ck , d d h h l —a di Nau sicaa a u ter maidens to wash th e linen of the hou seho d s d , d gh Hom r in the sse of King Al cinous, described by e , Ody y

They seek the cisterns where t acian dames Wash their fair garments in th e limpid streams rom allin rill s Where gathering into depth f f g , s fill The lu cid wave a spac iou basin s .

An d whil e the robes imbibe the solar ray, ’ O er th e green mead the sporting virgins play.

umm r s hri t s ar lin liv l s m fl w riv r Was urn in s e . e trea o e The e hb , gh p k g , y , d

‘ h lan slo e en l own w almost close to Newhall , and t e d p d g t y d to th e ater , a rom w n r r s forming a grassy bank . A footp th f Fe sto the e c os ed the

f l r in -s n r all stream by means of a range o a ge stepp g to es, he e c ed hip pins and in t he little meadow here we can easily imagine the finest of the household linen spread on the grass to bleach , an d a member of n h The the illustrious hou se of Fai rfax attendi g to it . T e author of G l ent e Shepherd woul d have described th e spot, as

A fl n owrie h owm, betwee twa verdant braes, Where lasses u se to wash and spread their class ; ’ ’ ’ r in m lin r A t ott burnie whi p th o the ground,

Its channel p ebbles, shining , smooth , and round . 52 DEMONOLOGIA for she was told in a vision that the woman only made s ow to in h an w ntent to et a ou of her h p er b d , ith i g t ch , w n h ta n and more for she oo hich by that mea s s e ob i ed ; , t k ’ rom the w n s n c a hrea w she ot more f e ch e k t d, by hich g Th r affirme t a power upon her than by the to uch . e gi l d h t a a l but a she cou not res s her band was not loose t l , th t ld i t h u n of h r in t at sort e ause o her an s er to chi g e h , b c b th h d m h a of wa r were e ployed in carrying t e p il te . Y ou may gather by these to uches that the devil pre scribeth rules and circumstances by the witches to be o ser e in the o n w ereo t e a e r a em b v d, d i g h f if h y f il, th i tt pt W et er t es re has not the success they designed . h h h e ce mon s ar th am o all or diversified ~ to sun r w t es ie e e s e t , d y i ch , I am not so well acquainted with their devils and themas now m wn er en e ea et me in m own to k , Thus y o exp i c t ch h y a tha w f m dren w om the woman c se , t these t o o y chil , h o u e ha suf ere all ese e rem ies the w t es t ch d, ve f d th xt it ; i ch themselves in their apparitions confessing they could not so v o nt ea w th res i le ly d l ith e t . on on a l oth No em er as she s oo b the Up M d y , v b , t d y w n ow in the t en men n an old uf sewe w t i d ki ch , di g c f d i h a w r she was su en in a ran e et e not b ut bl ck o k , dd ly t c , y f ll , stood upon her feet ; her eyes were open and she still sewe but she was s ee hless and not sens e of an d , p c , ibl y o h h wa n and set own thing done or said t er. S e s take d u on a sea w ere she ont nu s w n and find out p t, h c i ed e i g, did and men all h a s in h f and wh n her t rea d t e pl ce t e cu f, e h d was out she too ome out f h r osom and did rea her k s o e b , th d nee e rea and w en h r wor was n s e she ame to dl dily , h e k fi i h d c n i h ran erse but to not of an t she saw n er e. h lf, ld y hi g t c owar s n the same da she f nto anot er ran e T d ight, y, ell i h t c e the ormer and sh ma s n f r a nee and rea lik f , e de ig s o dle th d, w were en her t en she oo u her a ron and in a hich giv , h t k p p , orner t ereo e an to h n tr s i h as t c h f b g sew er work i ue t tc , hey call it ; and the mother did observe that she looked at some n u on her nee and t at she num ere some thi g p k , h b d n no di n her ea so man M and it se m thi g by d g h d y es, e ed to r she s it es and r sh ha w so mu he told t ch , eve e d se ed ch

54 DEMONOLOGIA

a er a t le me she ame r e l to rs l ft li t ti c pe f ct y he e f, and her m mor was r s ore and she e ar t m e y e t d, d cl ed here ca e to her in her bed two women and t ree o s wh rea n h b y , o th te ed to her and to arr her awa bed and all wh w t kill c y y, , ich as he m n s cause of her extre e weepi g. Al o they said unto her that they could get no power on her till she had a clean i su a a e w sh u sh smock n ch pl c , hich if e p t on e should never ll he u r m m f . s is a s e e b r t s Th live Thi co ld e o hat vi ion. e ’ am n as she rea in the b in th n Wa s e ight d Bi le e kitche , it s w in her usua manner ame to her and a h r ife , l c , b de e leave a n an she was t ereu on in a ra nd u re di g, d h p t nce, a co ld not

a . Y et her e es were o en and she rea s to h r, spe k y p , d till e h man ut se . as t e wo u e o of a ba a n n lf At l t p ll d g livi g thi g, he ness of a cat rou a and w t man t big , gh , bl ck , i h y feet. n am u u on the oo b t h r This thi g c e p p b k , u with e hand she

t a n as we er e e . as her e pu it b ck ofte , p c iv d At l t yes were os and her rot er W am rea in the oo sh cl ed , b h illi d b k ; e did hear and ro n for the an e oo out of the s , g pi g c dl t k it tick a t her rot er w t er an ol nd held it o b h i h h h d , f lowing his rea n mo n the an e rom s e to s di g, vi g c dl f id ide ; yet her

es were ast ose and she saw not at all . Las h ey f cl d tly, s e n own in a ea trance and la ere n a su k d d dly , y th i while , and t en ame to erse and o w a had asse and a h c h lf t ld h t p d, th t ’ Wait s wife did make her believe that the creeping thing should eat up so much of the book as she had read ; and t a she wou a e her a threa ened th t ld h v life, nd exhorte d her h s un o her od and sh w ma to give er oul t g , e ould ke her like “ n o e . To w she answer d u t h rself hich ed, Thy go is the e l and ou art a w c ! Wou s t ou a m d vi , th it h ld t h h ve e like w thee ? These words e heard . Indeed also she told us ’ w n sh own as a Wa w u he e fell d de d, it s ife p lled her down the e s and o o the use of t em rom her w by l g , t k h f ; hich o to rue f r was m we f und be t , o she la e and could not ’ o and was arr e to bed in a woman s arms g , c i d , and so n the ne da et e ore nner h a take up xt y, y b f di s e h d them re resto d . on r a 14 e em er she was in a ran e an Up F id y , th D c b , t c , d a e an ou r ar n es w felt a n k d h d t ch he b e k e , hich took the A nrsoouasn on wrros a rr . 55 use of her legs fromher ; and she felt also a finger to uch her e es ea a r the o r and her w r t y , ch fte the , eyes e e hereupon ose so as a no means the s ou be e u cl d f t th t by lid c ld lift d p,

o u h we s ro e mu to o en them. us she on nu th g t v ch p Th c ti ed, and was arr n her d m er w r sh la c ied i to be cha b , he e e y both lame and blind ; but before she went to bed she had her le and e s re ore a a n in a s ran man er g ye st d g i t ge n , which for some aus I r ar to r a an am a c es fo be el te , d persu ded that the hand and finger which made her lame and blind were the members of a ru o not of a s r t e b dy, pi it. On urs a 1 5 e ember a a cat ame to her Th d y, th D c , bl ck c , and se n her r on her n e ew in her mou tti g fo efeet k e , bl th , w ma a ea in h r m u and s oma as hich de so great h t e o th t ch, if it had en fir and sh h r n n her to uen be e, e ad d i k give q ch

. a tw a da n when the cat it This w s done ice th t y, a d o ene her m to ow on h r h her e p d outh bl e , s e showed t eth e the of a man or woman lik teeth . On un a 1 em r she did aste a a on at the S d y, 6th Dec be , b c p fire an t h r mo er eman e the , d suddenly gaped a lit le ; e th d d d ‘ n w r h cause ; but she was in a trance and could not a s e . S e of some n and put forth her hand as if she took hold thi g, made signs to such as were present to take hold with her ; but h rs ood When she ame to er signs were not unde t . c erse sh re a as sh aste the a on a oun h lf, e ported th t e b d c p y g wench in a green gown threw into her mouth a handful of some h n m had a er as e and at t i g like eal , which v y ill t t ; th ’ she ot h f wn and wou ha e had g old o the wench s go , ld v s m w t her b ut none wou o ebody to have taken hold i h , ld, and that the wench with both hands plucked her gown romh r an on a r not e n in a tran e f e d departed . So fte , b i g c ’ at all h w in at the w n ow , s e said that Wait s ife looked i d an w s m t an to e her e er ro s d illed o e one to go ou d tak . P t C i W ' n o Yet she a e and am an ort b ut saw o . d l illi Fish r f h, b dy sa Se ! no h o ort wa of the ur id, e w s e g eth f h by y t f

e 0 3 Is this our old acquaintance William Fi sh , whose feet rott d ’ m a le reater at the maledi cti cns of Wait s wife ? If so , here is a ir c g an h l r r to him and th any wroug t by the witches, for his egs are esto ed , he is able to run forth . 56 DEMONOLOGIA : “ a and a e to me . rom a da to he las f st ck , c ll th F th t y t t o

m er she was not mu h rou e . Dece b , c t bl d n a the as da of e em er sh was ree m Mo d y , l t y D c b , e th ti es in a ran morn n noon and n in e er ar of t ce , i g, , ight, v y p t a bo a eare to her a are e in s ar e breaches which y pp d , pp ll d c l t , fi in a h on and a hat w t a o an w w m a ru f s i , i h g ld b d, ith ho n she had much strange discourse . Amo g other things he o her a he la on the urs a e ore on a s oo t ld th t y, Th d y b f , t l h in h eness f a a ur An w under t e table t e lik o bl ck c . d it as true t ere was su a cur w la ere at a me , h ch hich y th th t ti , n he re eate w a he ear m re a to her u nc a d p d h t h d e pe t le , ar in La o of her s a t on a d t at the da e or M t yc ck , vi it i ; n h y b f e ’ ’ he w nt w her unc e and me to Mr. Procter s ous e ith l r h e , a aw r who es t ree m es rom me and he name l ye , liv h il f d to her s me of th om an w t a da ne r viz o e c p y hich h t y di d the e, two oun ent ewomen a u ers to Sir Gu a mes y g g l , d ght y P l ; j: and one old en ewoman al e Mrs . oor and o ers g tl c l d M , th , w m t n w re ne r nown to her ur er se na e e e . ho es till h v k F th , — Thi s is anoth er tou ch of rural life the fu el u sed in the dwelling ’ of the translator of Tasso s Jerusalem was turf and peat from the moors

n o n A s ug thack hou se, bef re the door a gree , n Hens on the middin , ducks in dubs are see , n t is si n a n O h de sta ds barn , o that a byre,

- A peat stack joins and forms a rural square.

' m - - o a r . 1 Th s Procte , Esq , of Newhall with Clifton, near Otley,

- r t r a - e h 4 . n H bar is e t IaW, died Decemb r 16t , 16 6 His so , enry Proc ter , f om aw married An ne, daughter o Th as F kes, Esq . , of Farnl ey. The

l - - Procters were owners of Newhal with Clifton , from 1590 to 1654. This l r e urr hou se in its complete state was a a g t eted building , and has been for h re i n by many writers mi staken t e s de ce of Edward Fairfax , the s i ua a out a mil e rom tl and now n poet . It i s t te b f O ey, belo gs to the

f arnl e Hall . family of Fawkes, o F y

Sir Gu almes ser eant-at-law resi e at indl e Hall a lar I y P , j , d d L y , ge c astellated mansion situ ated on an eminence abo ve th e c onfluence of the s as u rn and ar d o rl river W hb Wh fe, an ve ooking some of the finest autiful a scenery of be Wh rfedale . It is about four miles distant from ew all the resi ence of Fair a n ow oc cu i N h , d f x , p ed as a farm hou se, and also the ro ert of the Faw es amil of F p p y k f y, arnl ey Hall . Not t stan in the a aren ru stici f s wi h d g pp t ty o hi s itu ation an d pursuits, this afi ords u s proof that Fairfax was the associate of th e best of the gentry in his neighbourhood . msco nsn ON wrr n A u o cmrr . 57 he declared what private speeches I had with her uncle at ’

art n w was in Mr. ro r s n p i g, hich P cte dini g chamber ; and

a so w a us ness had w t Mr. ro r an ma l h t b i I i h P cte , d ny other ar i ulars w I won ere to ear her re te for at p t c , hich d d h ci , th I new em to be er rue and on nown to m f k th v y t , ly k ysel . " Also he said to her that I should not go to Otley that da as ur ose for he wou arr w t her y I p p d, ld t y i h till it was too late for me to go . She answered Y ou cannot hinder m a er for ou are not a ear to him b ut onl m y f th , y d pp , y to e w an d for an a e at entl for ou n hich I th k Go , d t k p i y , y ca do no more than please God to suffer you ; but the time is ” mmer st h w him s or . en he sa in su a a etw n h t Th id , l s e s b ee th h n and m ouse o e n a mos e er da f e kitc e ilkh ft , l t v y y or

a wee o e er in the eness of a l t e a do . h k t g th , lik it l bl ck g S e ans re she t ou he sa rue for she saw su a do we d, h ght id t , ch g , u n t r em r ti t en ese n s ou not b t did o em be it ll h . Th thi g c ld come into her head but by supernatural means. on ues a 1 st Jannar ' she saw in tran e an old Up T d y, y,1 , c man a bo and a woman the man wore a a r of rufi s , y, p i 1: h al en e for ers and sa t e ha whic h s e ch l g d h , id h y d been mh r The man on ess e wer r o n ro e . e e e n st le f c f d th y h s, a d

f nam in Whar ale a ou six mil The town o that e fed , b t es distant h n ar mar n from Newhall , and t e e est ket whe ce he coul d obtain the r necessary su ppli es for his family, beyond what we e furni shed by his

f This woul d be the beginning of the year 1622 , according to the as new style ; b ut that was not in u se until long afterwards, Fairfax does not note it as the first day of the new year .

r 1 This fashionable article, which originated in the eign of Qu een m mal an i Elizabeth , and was u ch worn by both mal e and fe e d dies, s thu s

' m A u s r described by Stubbs in hi s Anato y of b es G eat rufi s, or of H ll lawn c am ric and uc clo neckerchers, made o and , , b , s h th so delicate that the greatest thread in them shall not b e so big as the lea st hair r ri a d un r ro e that is , starched , st eaked , d ed , p tt ed, an de p pp d by the h s a l arc es of ri e sometimes overs a ow supertasses, t e t te y h p d h d three or r n n four orders of minor ruffs plac ed g adatio o e beneath the other, and h mas r rufi w ic was i sel clo e wi ol r all under t e te , h h t f gg d th g d , silve , or

wrou r wi n wor . So silk lace of stately price, ght all ove th eedle k me inn u t eir ears and sometimes e are snfi ered times they are p ed p to h , th y to hang over the shoul ders like flags or windmill sail s fluttering in the ” n El z be h is alwa s re res nte a arin the rufi . wind. Quee i a t y p e d s we g E 58 nm ononoom

a h s o m. m rue for he ruffs th t e t le the This see ed to be t , t

were never s en rom t at t me . The da a er e n e f h i y ft , b i g We nes a she was in bed in a ran e and a oun man d d y, t c , y g a h H to her t er wer se en a did appe r to er. e ld h e e v th t

ew t e h r and sa he had her ere a one now . She b i ch d e , id h l answered My father and mother are also in bed beside m and ere were none are not for God is a wa s e , if th , I c , l y w t me an H is m c e r en . You annot sa i h , d e y hi f f i d c y m ” o ra ers ut can . a now w a u ar y ur p y , b I All y k h t yo e 1 u of his o e a t n e a na i Then he took o t p k hi g lik ked ch ld, nd ea it She sa W at a a n to a use a a did b t . id h vill i b ” pretty child ! Then presently she percei ved it was no H and saw was not es and oo . e o her child , it fl h bl d t ld it ” h r w c th wor u on her Sh was er t e b e . pic u , y hi h y did k p e n e th ha r e her ear tw e b t said i de d ey d p ick d h t ic , u God r i n th H would not suffe t to be do e e third time. ow man ave o u e t a means He answere y h y kill d by h t d, A ” m t o t ous o an . Sh e a e se an s u s b thous d e xcl i d , All h h d l e in heaven I Then he told her he could tell her ho w long sa u m h s ou e . She o s ou not e e wh n s e h ld liv id, Th h ld t ll e the Lord stops thy mouth . And he for some time could a h ff la h r not sp eak . After a little sp ce e o ered to y e picture w her and he s a e a a n sa n in bed ith ; p k g i , yi g , Henry r an the ar of Fu stone ar oo m n r Grave d vic y e g d e , fo they do ” a t h m n r w ou . S e sa Get ou t ! ot be i h y id, y o the He is not wort of e n a ar t a w ear w w hy b i g vic h t ill b ith itches,

and for ra er he is a ra of ou . en he off r G v , f id y Th e ed a a n to e h r how on she s ou u h g i t ll e l g h ld live , b t s e would not let him and sa In the name of esus rist , id J Ch get ye

Th e image or picture is one of the ordinary processes of witch ’ ” cra t and is t us escri e in otts Dis ov r f i . f , h d b d P c e y o W tchcraft The ’ speediest way to take a man 8 life away by witchcraft is to make a ictur of cla li h a e p e y, ke unto t e sh p of the person whom they mean to ill an dr k , d y it thoroughly and when they woul d have them to be ill in an one lace more an anot er en ta y p th h , th ke a thorn or pin , and prick it in that part of the picture you woul d have to be ill ; and when you woul ave an art of he o to n d h y p t b dy co sume away, then take that part of th icture and urn And e p b it . when the whole body to consume wa n a y, the take the remnant of the sai d picture and burn it ; and so r u n b a the e po y th t means the body shall die. ' ' A nrscounss ON wrrs cnu r. 59

” awa ! So he an s ed and she re o r r m h y v i h , c ve ed f o er r e ree m es rom me a w ran e . o o nd n w t c I d th il f h , he I as one she ame n o the ourt and the bo she saw or g c i t c ; y bef e, and ano er ess t an him ame out o f th r en an th l h c e ga d , d offered to take hold of her ; b ut she stepped back into the or and sat own u on a stone en and en e nto a p ch , d p b ch th f ll i ran e and in t s es a e was oun and rou ht n o th t c , hi t t f d b g i t e t en w ere the o s a a n a eare unto her at the ki ch , h b y g i pp d , sight of whom she looked up and they brought her ure and set u w t a ro and t en an e a out it pict it p i h p p, h d c d b ,

and rew e r a s at it and e w t e r e . th th i h t , kick d it i h th i f et “ And sh sa — So wou ou do w t me ou c o u but e id ld y i h if y ld , fi en t e re ueste her to God will not sn er you . Th h y q d “ ’ an em and she sa — Do no t n an of o s d ce with th , id thi k y G d ” ser ants ance w t ou . And so e we awa v will d i h y th y nt y, n h r d a d s e recove e . on We nes a the 2nd of anuar a e r a e Up d d y, J y, ft littl t me as she went out of the k t en and asse b the a i , i ch p d y b ck oor she ear one no at the oor w she o ene d , h d k ck d , hich p d, an h a r sa two o s rus ed in and the t e bo d t e fo e id b y h , li tl y caught her about the middle with both his hands ; the

‘ a r e her the arm w t o ne an and w t the gre te h ld by i h h d , i h t sh s ou r So in rea s other stopped her mou h lest e h ld c y. g t ha te h r e h r nto the a ouse and o her t e had t ey fo c d e i b ck h , t ld h y n wa for her but now e had her and wou lo g tched , th y , ld w r She stru e w t t em and a e to h r dro n he . ggl d i h h c ll d e a t w o a mother for help . They s id hey ould s on m ke her a n he answere t e ou do no mor past c lli g. S d h y c ld e harm an ease God to let em and t e rown her th pl d th if h y did d , yet her soul would be with God . And with her hand she t m a out the ea w w r a f did beat he b h d, hich e e b re or want of a r and she e e r ea s and t e were ar h i ; f lt th i h d , h y h d like the heads of other boys. So they brought her to the river s e one of t em sa s a e is not ee en u id ; h id Thi pl c d p o gh , let us arr her u the stream So e did a c y p . th y , nd they offere to t row her own the an to th wate d h d b k e r, which was some yards distance but in putting her down she g ot hold f th s s an she e so st at t o e bu he , d h ld fa th he boys could not 60 na mononoom

et her ands oose nor et her own ur er hou h he g h l , g d f th , t g t y a o of her eet and ul e o entl ut e u l id h ld f p l d vi l y , b th y co ld s w h n not remove her. Thi hile s e was not i any trance at

all but had her senses er e t and a e a o u for e . , p f c ly, c ll d l d h lp A t is t me h r m s h An t h i e mother i sed er and sought her. d it chanced that Elizabeth Smith passing by between the barn and the ouse ear one cr th r r a l ran h , h d y by e ive side ; they l at wa but l za et ore ouse rs s h r stan n th y, E i b h M h fi t e pied e di g o n of the us es to w c she sa e me ess h ldi g b h hi h id H lp B , ” for h r is two w wo ater e e boys hich uld put me into the w . “ en one of the o s sa to the t — n h r an Th b y id o her Ha g e , h g ” m an her ! o e rot er let us o . t her d C b h , g So they lef e ar ed a et ore ouse saw not the o s at d p t . Eliz b h M h b y th took hold of her ; and she at the same instant fell into a tran We rou her nto the ou e— to w om the ce. b ght i h s h o s rea eare and she sa Y a b y pp d , id ou thought to h ve r wn m but od not s ff r A tim o e e G u e ou . t t s e d d , did y hi I ame ome and oun her t us a n ort a ter she c h , f d h t lki g. Sh ly f ame to erse and re orte t ese art u ars and urt er c h lf p d h p ic l , f h ad e t at e n at the water s e sh aw a w man m d d, h b i g id , e s o co e to the ot er s e of the r er an s an r n n h id iv , d t d the e looki g upo her and e n snow w at r h f , b i g y e he t e prints o her feet were seen in the place the next day of one who had come to that s e of the water and return r m t am wa id , ed f o hence the s e y at m au ter s n e the woman had one s a e th y d gh ig ifi d g . Thi pl c was a an of woo t rou w la n a at all s b k d h gh hich y o w y . Thi was a rea da of trou e unto u for e er oo g t y bl s, Eliz . Fl tch t k o as on to ome to our o use as she sa to ear ersel cc i c h , id cl h f ' of the m utat on a u on her Wa t s w e b ut we i p i l id p by i if , found it was t o have a touch of o ur young daughter Eliza beth ; for standing by the fire she took the child under her arms and ted her u remo e her rom her a e and lif p , v d f pl c ,

o t ere erse . At t s m w was mu trou sto d h h lf hi y ife ch bled, and sa w en she went awa t a ess oster was id h y , h t if B F a w t the wou ail some n or be e the o her i ch , child ld thi g, lik t ; w ro e er true for on un a o ow n the hich p v d v y , S d y f ll i g, 6th of anuar the l e n in the a e an to be J y, chi d b i g h ll b g an sa she saw a oor bo who a eare to her troubled, d id p y, pp d

62 nn mouonocm

and ame owards the am er oor h v c t ch b d , t e ision turned w t her and ame to the ta e s e w r i h c bl id , he e Eliz . Morehouse ha n m sse her rom the bed oun her n vi g i d f , f d . The it left her and she e resent nto a tran f ll p ly i ce , and did report a er she ame to erse t a had a ttl an ft c h lf h t it li e h d, and somewhat strained her wrist to make its fingers meet a ou h r b t e arm. On unda 13th anuar she e nt S y, J y, f ll i o a trance in the a and t en one in r t c ot n a a h h ll , h b igh l hi g ppe red to er, a man o f n om ara e eaut w a ar a hi i c p bl b y, ith be d, nd s apparel s n n u on his ea a shar n m w hi i g ; p h d p high thi g, fro hich, and rom his mou an rom his f th , d f garments streamed beams of t w as a or ous s en our a h m ligh , hich c t gl i pl d bout i . He s a e unto her and sa a he was o d p k id th t G , come to comfort ’ her t at the e had tro u e her o s ff r ; h d vil bl d by G d su e ance , but she was so dearly beloved of God that he was come t m o o ort her . Her answer was ma sa wit J c f , I y y h ob , Oft a e ear of ee but now h v I h d Th , have mine eyes seen ’ ee . ou b e God or some oo t n m Th If y g d hi g, co e near

and om ort m eart. en he ame ar u c f y h Th c ne nto her. She sa ou ma est me ou w et er u be a o id, Th k d bt h h tho go d W thing or an evil . hen I name God ill things fly from me b ut t ou at his name omest nearer t me w , h c o , hich ” makes me that I cannot tell what to think . Then he said he was an an m r m God to om or her for God gel co e f o c f t ,

o e her and w e h r to ra to him. en he e an l v d , ill d e p y Th b g ’ the Lor s r r. se and su as were resen d p aye My lf, ch p t, when we heard these things and perceived by her speeches wha asse o ne in ra er for her and eso u t the t p d , j i d p y , b gh Lord to strengthen her against this great temptation ; for in her words unto him she had described his fashion and

a are as a oresa and re ea ed all his s ee es. He pp l f id, p t p ch ’ ro ee e in the Lor s ra er and she sa a ter him p c d d d p y , id f a un she ame t the wor s or e us our res re dily til c o d , F giv t ” a e at w h r on ue e an to a er et she sa d p ss s, hich e t g b g f lt , y i it ut she ou not sa Lea us not nto em ta ion , b c ld y, d i t p t , which perceiving I repeated those words three or four imes and at ast she sa em and so n s e the ra er t , l id th , fi i h d p y . F A DISCOURS E ON WITCHCRA T . 63

Then we added some other prayers for her against temp tion as the o as on re u re all w c t m t ta , cc i q i d ; hi h i e he man in r ot n e his ea e and n sh no b ight cl hi g h ld p c , fi i ed t the ’ Lord s prayer which he had begun . After a while she sa ou be God let me ear m at er s ea for he id , If th , h y f h p k , ” ha om or m H a h m a o ten te ear . e s ear i nd th f c f d y h t id , H , ” sa a ter him for he a oo thou s in his ear . e y f , h th g d ght h t Sh re e t ou be God ou no wes the t o u ts o pli d , If h , th k t h gh f “ ” H sa o en h ra i his ear . d o . s e h m h t e id , I s Th e p y d to r s v her he w r od and he wer an e t n e ol e if e e G , , if e y vil hi g , that in the name of Jesus Christ he should depart from

her but he st ers s e in it at he was God . h sa ; ill p i t d th S e id, ” “ d r m n H a ou be Go o e s s. e nswere If th , f giv y i d , I ” or i e em all . She ro ee e t ou e d f g v th p c d d If h b Go , show me some of thy great works which thou didst before ” m me He sa he wou do so but it was not y ti . id ld , time w h n he s re if h were od t a no . e s e e G h T d i d, , h t e would ta e her unto him. He rom se he wou but not t k p i d ld, ye . w we ont nue to ra for her and th This hile c i d p y , e man w awa and she de rees ame to erse an r ent y , by g c h lf, d fi st h ar her ro er rea a ra er a a nst em tat on an e d b th d p y g i t p i , d en her e es were o en and h some psalms. Th y p ed s e read h e rse and was in s ort s a r upon t e Bibl he lf, h p ce pe fectly

w o e . All t a n she was ersua e t s was od h l h t ight p d d hi G , or s m an e sen to om ort her and ou n t o e g l t c f , c ld o be removed from that opinion ; but next morning with some ffi u t we rsuade her to the contrar suc r a di c l y pe d y , by h e r m ow ou aff sons and scriptu es as our s all kn ledg e c ld ord . ou on a the 1 4th of anuar a et a r a Ab t M d y, J y, Eliz b h F i f x being at the house of Anthony Smith (where she was some days to satisfy the request of some that desired to have h han f a e m t ava e n not in an trial if t e c ge o pl c igh il) , b i g y ran e at all but a n w t the c ren of the ous t c , pl yi g i h hild h e, h w at i mons er t a her s ster had seen e ore s e sa th l ke t h t i b f , and being thereupon brought home she saw it again at an was in r at ear b ut not in an tran e at t at home, d g e f , y c h a the same t me t at her s ster saw the ri t sight . Also t i h i b gh l a e er and the bo to w vision, she saw Eiz beth Fl tch y, hom 64 nm onomeu

she a e a l tt e in a tran e and har e em in the t lk d i l c , c g d th am f o art w d n e o God t e e di . d p , hich th y On urs a the 1 th of anuar m e es au er Th d y , 7 J y, y ld t d ght in tran e saw the same or o s a ar t on a a n who sa c , gl i u pp i i g i , id he was now ome for her and t ere ore w e h r to o c , h f ill d e g w him but she de e him and sa ou ds ith , fi d , id, Th di t e e e me and didst ra to t ee God or e me for d c iv , I p y h , ( f giv ” it ! for n w a Y t he t ll aboure to ) I k ow h t thou art . e s i l d ersuade her t a h was s oo os ou p h t e God. O illy f l ! d t th t n to e e e me a a n ? N no od not reveal hi k d c iv g i o , ; G did t ee unto me and w l rebu e t ee for a n his name h , i l k h t ki g ” i upon thee . Then she persisted earnestly in bidding h m awa He es r her a her a ers a er get him y . d i ed to s y pr y ft him She sa w sa m ra ers but t a s al be . id, I ill y y p y , h t h l ” h t th reat sorrow . en h a he wou s a er o y g Th e s id ld l y , and presently she saw many horns begin to grow out of his ea and his eaut and or ous t were one and h d, b y gl i ligh g ; an e nto a most terr a s of w he ch g d i ible sh pe . At ight hich she sa Now n ee t ou art t se wo dst t ou id, i d d h like hy lf, ul h s a me ? No t ou ans n t s a m t all o l y , h c t o l y e wi h th u canst u w u est s a t at ttl n ant t ere mean n do . Tho o ld l y h li e i f h ( i g ’ a et t an t n t h r ou ma s her sister Eliz b h) hou c s o slay e . Th y t how stron God is a t ou ans n t s a t a see g , th t h c t o l y h t ” u f he an n ant nor o a a r o her ea . en e i f , t ch h i h d Th ch g d w n m n o sun r s a s. Sh sa a o hi self i t d y h pe e id, I ill t lk w s ut w t t e . So sh use n t mor r b more i h he e d o e o d , by him o he nodding her head made signs to begone . S

art d an she cam to e se . dep e , d e h r lf F som a o n the dr n ad rs ran es or e d ys foll wi g chil e h dive t c , in em r t a n in t e r e es and ri in s at t e r and th g ea p i h i y , g p g h i arts and some a ar t ons the e der e two e he , pp i i ; l f lt littl

n s m ra h r tra and u her a r. ha d e b ce e s itly, p ll h i n the 25th of anuar e n r da a w man a eare O J y , b i g F i y , o pp d o her w om she new not and‘ sa t a she as her a n t h k , id h t w u t

viz Mr . ann l m ar . s e o e rom or to see her and M y, , P , c f Y k , at she had rou t her s e and o ere t ut some th b gh pic , ff d o p n her mouth but she wou not sufl r h r an thing i to , ld e e , d

et hee awa ! ou art a w t and not m aun . said, G t y th i ch y t A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 65

h n h w man fi e er r h an w t s w T e t e o ll d h ig t h d i h pice, hich

h e as osed so t a w o u not o en . he s e k pt f t cl , h t e c ld p it S w not n for her e es were s u t re ore she ro sa hi g y h t, he f g ped for the fire of w w en she e t the ea she rew , hich h f l h t, th th fir a was in h and n h into e e th t which er h . The er e t an was l ew se fi le w she a so ose as l f h d ik i l d , hich l cl d f t , and wou fi r t be ned b ut ro n a a ld not sn e it o Ope , g pi g g in

for the fir ar e t at an fu a so n o . en e, disch g d h h d l l i t it Th her ran and she ame to herse and th t ce ended c lf, told at the spice which the woman put into her hands was great ra s ns w a had h r at i i hich she would h ve e e . On he 2 6th of anuar e n atur a she w i t J y, b i g S d y, as n tran e in the t en and ear one a and ra u n h r c ki ch , h d c ll il po e , “ to w om h an w re ou a est m an sa h s e s e d , Th c ll e d yest I am nou t had ra er a th ght, bu I th h ve y evil word than thy

oo wor . erew t a she saw the a at at w g d d H i h l bl ck c , hich ime the e a u on her nee but sh o no r a t Bibl l id p k , e c uld t e d or s ea et she ear her rot er W liam rea an p k ; y h d b h il d, d o r h w h n h n an h bse ved o e poi ted to t e li e d words. T e cat ew in h r m ut a tt e and f e e t om bl e o h li l , o f r d o c e up u on the oo ut w her an she ut her a an p b k , b ith h d p b ck , d

cleared the book of her. Then the cat sat upon a stone ’ in the mne near her rot er s n e h a chi y , b h k e , w o re d by “ c an e sa m 14 8 . The wor s ar L t not th h c P l 0 , d e, e e un odl a his es re Lor let not his m u g y h ve d i , O d ; ischievo s ” ima na n r h be to r o s er es e o . w gi ti p o p , l t p oud At hich wor s the cat di r n and o ere to a n d d g i , ff d le p up upo the oo b t w t fis os h b k , u i h her t cl ed she kept er down. This e n er e e her words and estures the same b i g p c iv d by g , sa m was rea a a n and at those words the cat seeme P l d g i , d enra e and a str e as e e w t t em as e ore c g d, if p s d b t ix h b f , whi h mo e us to era e the r a six or se en t m s as v d it t t i l v i e . At l t so n r a n r th sa m and t by ofte e di g ove e P l , a those words and none other the contention was renewed betwixt the cat and her in the end th cat e ar e not a e to ; e d p t d, bl en ur th w r s an on r w h d e e o d y l ge , hereupon s e began to r r ns s d r s Bu the a t ecover he se e by eg ee . t h nd often lif ed n at a ai s the cat was s ff for a m n n a d be g n t ti ti e, a d could ot 66 DEMONOLOGIA

be mo . a w il h h la in tran e a h r ved Th t h e t e c ild y c lso , e s and h n m peech sig t bei g taken from her for a ti e . On un a th 27th f n a h r n w r S d y , e o Ja u ry, t e child e e e o in tran e an saw tw a s w t b th c , d o c t hich fough cruelly one of them at l ast took my daughter Hellen by the throat w t her ore eet who ea her own w t h r an i h f f , b t d i h e h d , and then she thrust me in haste towards her little sister to l her ma n some s ns a the at w n to th he p , ki g ig th t c s e t e to w om wen and w t some ot ers ra e es child, h I t , i h h p y d b ide

her. The a s e an to fi t a a n and ase ea o er c t b g gh g i , ch d ch th rom la e to a e at ast n o the o en and out a a n f p c pl c , l i t v g i , and o out of th ous w a l n au e and s e h e ; here t He le l gh d , presently they were both well and told what they had seen . On on a the 28th of anuar e were o in M d y , J y, th y b th t E a an an in . tr ce heir bed Their mother to ok up liz beth , d arr her awa at wh n n o an tr me c ied y , ich Helle fell i t ex e w e in for a woman she saw ersua e her t at she e p g, did p d h had arr e h r s ster awa and t reatene to arr her c i d e i y , h d c y wa W r a h w t rl and a d We a a so . e e s e e e s y l h t pt bi t y i , ll ess od be w t thee ! The Lor ave mer u on B y , G i h d h cy p you The reason of this passion being perceived by her words Elizabeth was brought again and laid down beside her w she er e ve and urne her su enl and , hich p c i d, t d dd y em ra e the d w t r a o and as e her man b c d chil i h g e t j y, k d y

‘ uest ons of her ar n awa w she answere q i c ryi g y , hich d by ns utt n u h r n ers and the e for she ou sig , p i g p e fi g lik , c ld no s ea and it a ared the un erstoo ea o r t p k , ppe y d d ch the , although they were not sensible of any thing done or a n r r s id by a y othe pe son . so the same da at n ht e n bot in ran e an old Al y ig , b i g h t c , man ame to t em and did ersua e e en that he had c h , p d H ll ta en awa her s s er and eft anot er in her room so k y i t , l h , t at sh rust awa her tt e s ster and not n w n her h e th y li l i , k o i g , no tou her for a t me but at ast sh now would t ch i , l e did k her a a n and em ra e her w t as mu affe t on as g i , b c d i h ch c i W n th ren am o of t s tran e th before . he e child c e ut hi c , e m n a at n t some om an in the ns an ti e bei g l te igh , c p y i t t e ar e romthe ouse amon w om one ar es N c o d p t d f h , g h Ch l i h l, A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 67

a mil wr o n or w t some o her ersons at the l ight, (g i g f th i h t p )

oor of the or saw a s on at w h stoo ama e . d p ch vi i , hich e d z d It was e a woman of low stature and w n awa lik , it e t y by

the orner of the hou and an . Th w t c se, so v ished e two i h him saw not n b ut his ama e ne of h he as e hi g z d ss, w ich t y k d him th d h to n e reason a ter an e h a se . f , ld what e h d e On ues a the 29th o f anuar o the i r n T d y, J y , b th ch ld e were in ran e and had man stran n u s on an t c , y ge co v l i s d r s n s in t e r o es and st ness in t e r arms and an s i i g h i b di , iff h i h d , and w o e o es somet mes to th won er f th hol h l b di i , e d o e be ers b ut ne t er ta e nor a er o of an a ar n d , i h lk d, ft t ld y pp itio , but on of a e orme th n a n the a e of a woman ly d f d i g, h vi g f c , and all the o es es rou and mis- a w b dy b id gh sh pen, hich

Hellen saw . On urs a the as o f anuar t e were ot in Th d y, l t J y, h y b h ran and e en saw the same e orme th n t ce, H ll d f d i g again, un woman She seeme t n t t m and a yo g . d o i sul over he and a o n e them where t e were to stand e did pp i t d h y . Th y “ ff r o to her s s er but she sa ou her not t o e to g i t , id, T ch , bu come and do the same thing to me which you would do to ” w a T n ma h r od e ou e e . he ou wo n a e , if G ill giv y l v y g s id

she ame to do her u . She answere It is th ma ce c d ty d, y li , ” n h n not thy duty . The t e childre fell both of them into r a tremt of s ness in w c we all t ou t g e t ex i y ick , hi h h ght hey wou a e ed and so e ma ne t ems a ld h v di , th y i gi d h elves lso , an re are for it ac or n ma n earn t s n f d p p d c di gly, ki g es ig s o er ent ra er and ta n ea e of all the am and f v p y , ki g l v f ily , shaking hands with every one . This great agony they u in r m ursda t ll aturda o l w n w t contin ed f o Th y i S y f l o i g, i h t n erm ss on sa n at e en u on r a on e ou i t i i , vi g th H ll , p F id y, c ar s n t som w at re o e re and did om h er a r tow d igh e h c v d, c b h i , h but fell down again before s e could bind it up . This w h s a e f w wor s but on a e for me and hile s e p k e d , ly c ll d her m and oo a as ea e of us and ss u and all other, t k l t l v , ki ed s th m and es red t at her rot er war m t b e fa ily , d i h b h Ed d igh e rom Leeds to her ur a and he a to th sent for f b i l , s s id e ” woman Now ou a e m e but or e ou ree . , y h v y lif , I f giv y f ly she e orte em to re n an e an a e And so xh d th pe t c , d ft r con 68 nm os oLoeu

nn as o n h orn n . n ti ed bef re, u til Saturday in t e m i g I this r n P ll ‘ long extremity they saw a white cat. F a cis u ein omn to the o use an e at the ns ant a so su ose c i g h by ch c i t , l pp d

that he saw when the children fell into that trance . nt a ur a the 9th of e ruar e were we U il S t d y, F b y, th y ll that day my eldest daughter in trance saw the same woman a a n who to her t at w re s n w c g i , ld h they e eve hi h ew c e her un no w but now were but fiv b it h d til , they e , for it is true t a ar aret Wa t s n r n a t h t M g i , e io , a d Eliz be h r w r i t a Fletche e e n he g ol a t York . That day they had some fits as it seeme of the mot er and the da o ow , d, h , y f ll

in . un a the l oth of r ar n aw th g , viz , S d y, Feb u y, Helle s e same woman who ofl ered her a e e of mone w sh , pi c y , hich e The woman off ma h r we sh refused. ered to ke e ll if e ” wou . he sa No w n t be ma e we ee . ld S id , , I ill o d ll by th n h r a i h r h ar no fo e s e t e tene to . a e t r Th h d k ll e S e s id, I c th hreats for ou ou a r a e had een i y t , if y c ld h ve p ev il d I b n m ra e on s n b t d t n me and o y g v l g i ce, u Go do h defe d y u ann rt me f r n a all our w tc es and c ot hu , o I fear ot wh t y i h

s r t an do but own u n th nees and a to God pi i s c , , d po y k c ll for m r he a an a for t ee but t ere is t e e cy , if h ve y gr ce h , h li tl ” m od o for t . h n w e ser e G h pe hee T e woman a s er d , I v y ” “ d i th an d . h a Our Go s e better th you o yours S e s id , d of a en n e us r st our a our w om we Go he v , eve J s Ch i S vi , h r and our od is t he e i of e and he can do se ve, y g d v l h ll , fl r him e me w er nothing but what our God doth sn e . T ll h e w t t w man answere On the moor d elles ho u ? The o d, ” m t s e but ou not e w moor. She sa o e o id , c ld t ll hich id , C ” se to do . en she sa me , which the woman refu d Th id, If

3‘ Any attempt to identify thi s Pullein among the multitu de of the

same name located in the Forest of Knaresborough would b e futil e . i r and run rou They appear on the first page of the Fewston reg ste , th gh firs l ible ntr is 1595 it like an unfailin g stream to the last. The t eg e y , , n n was a tize on the 21 In John , so of Willi am Pulley e . b p d

th e same year Old Pull eyn wife was buried the 17th of April . Old l n r h e ol s nor he first of as thi s Old Pul eyn was , h e was eithe t de t t er w en th e oll-tax was levied them by many a do zen . They were th e h p

d r e et remain . in 1378, an the e th y y

A thousand years they has been there, ’ ’ An a thousand mair they ll bide.

70 DEMONOLOGIA :

we wa e u on the w t ou m . lk d p hill i h t y house, and that she hear o ur ta and she o her w a w d lk , t ld h t e said, which was

a s ran e se ret as o u s a bear. I t g c , y h ll n the meantime the wen ro ee e and sa to the w man ch p c d d id o , Thou didst ” ew m s s er Ann w c the wom n b itch y i t , hi h a denied ; but ’ ’ she confessed unto her that she did bewitch Jefl ray s au er a h w n e use t e e an r h r . h d ght , b c ch did ge e S e replied , But wh s ou ew tc me y did t th b i h , who did never o ffend ” t ee nor new t ee The wo a h , k h ? m n said that was no ma tter t e ou ew tc w om t . , h y c ld b i h h hey liked After some further speeches the woman said she was weary and her e s a e t ereu on he nee e wn f l g did ch , h p s k l d do , o which the wen ta n a anta e sa Art t ou on nees ch ki g dv g , id, h thy k ”

sa th ra e s. B t she cou no ra and y y p y r u ld t p y, so arose a a n an a he ame to rse and g i d dep rted . S c he lf a ffirmed those things which we had noted at several times that th ow r of m a n day. It was above e p e e ns atural that she should relate what I did in the field at the instant with omas arr son and a l anson went n two men. Th H i R lph i deed m and ere con erre w t me u on a ar a n fo with e, th f d i h p b g i r n at fie al e Birkbanks w e a r ditching i th ld c l d , hich th y fte

wards performed . ’ th r a e s eec es o f o mes wi e w t For e p iv t p h H l f , hich he w n a so revea e the matter was t s —One abe e ch l l d, hi , El*iz th au er of o n ent e of Norwoo Bentley , d ght J h B l y , d, came the m n in summer ast and as she s oo in the m n to il l , t d il a n w t o n m son th m ner she saw door t lki g i h J h Si p , e il , a w seeme to was c ot s in the r er tw woman hich d h l he iv , be ixt ’ W my house and the miller s . ith the woman were four ren of w om she too som imes one and of my child , h k et m ano er and seeme to arr t em t and fr someti es th , d c y h o o, w r and out a a n d ers m f r a into the ate g i , iv ti es o good At the s ereo and su arr n of th space . ight h f, ch c yi g e dren a e ent e won ere and mo e he chil , Eliz b th B l y d d, it v d r ask the m ner we had a new ma ser an and h to il if id v t, w o it was that washed clothes and carried the children in such man answere at he saw n n n t r h . The o e e a sort d th e, i h d

m n le ai r - Tho as Be t y p d hea th tax in Norwood, in 1672. ' A mscouasn ON wrrcuonAr r. 71

n w ma nor was t at the was n da . h we a e id, h hi g y S e erse ere in aflirmin t at she saw the woman an p v d it, g h d m ren b ut he en e a she saw an th n y child ; d i d th t y i g, “ and ang rily said that If thou seest anything it is ” h At w wor s a et ent e was a ra t e devil. hich d Eliz b h B l y f id f h m n s mat r was w o and shut the door o t e il . Thi te h lly n n wn an o f m o use for the m ner er s u k o to y y h , il nev pake of it and was one out of m ser e on e ore it was , g y vic l g b f ’ re ea e w was not unt o mes w e to it m i v l d, hich il H l if ld e n se r t as ou ear for she had ear the re or c e , y h , h d p t given

out r ate rom the wor s. of a et Bent e wh p iv ly f d Eliz b h l y, o h tw t ’ saw the vision . This was t e talk be ix Holmes wife m w h w man w t the s ot on her a and e , hich t e o i h p f ce heard as she ame b us nv s b e and so she o it to m c y i i i l , t ld y au ter who sa at the woman no t arr an d gh , id th did c y y of the ren t emse es but the tures on of t em child h lv pic ly h . I t one l a et entle and she o n esse the s ques i d E iz b h B y , c f d vi ion o i n efi ct of wh it a eare she had tol to h to be s e , ich pp d d er t e w e of W l am ra e for she also on ess sister, h if il i B dl y, c f ed a n in summ r o as much to myself . This h ppe ed e bef re any of m ren were trou e but in to er o ow n m y child bl d, Oc b f ll i g y ‘ e au er Ann a r a e at nurse in a s a littl d ght , F i f x , di d tr nge manner and the e es in t at mont ewise ell n , ld t h h lik f i to these extremities. ma sto the mout s of suc as sa This y p h h y, This is a ” Fo r w at art cou m au ter t practice . by h ld y d gh ell what in the e at t at time she e n in the ous and I did fi ld h , b i g h e, sh w or how un erstan th in that case e as ; , d d e report of ’ o mes w e the su e t t ereo e n so stran e H l if , bj c h f b i g g , and an a en a en n to a mere stran er to us all — ccid t h pp i g g , a r s far rom our t ou ts et an a ro e tr sec et o f h gh , y pp v d uth ! n ues a the 1 2th o f e ruar the ren O T d y, F b y, child were o in tran e in the tc en to war s n and b th c ki h d ight, Hellen saw n old woman er wet w t ra n ome in a , v y i h i , c at the

Th e following entries in th e parish register of Fewston belong to

r Edw . a Es . . il . 1621 . Anne au te of Fai r was this ch d , d gh f x , q , bap ” 21 . tized th e 12th of Jun e. 16 Edward Fairfax , Esq . , a child ’ o t er . named Anne, buried the 9th f Oc ob 72 DEMONOLOGIA

oor and w h an - a r s d , ith er ill f vou ed thing which he could

‘ w an not describe . The om stood behind it and took forth of a o e and s owe u nto her som t r s an a p k , h d e pic u e d little

creeping thing among them. The woman told the wench these were the pictures by which they bewitched folks the picture of my daughter Hellen was app arelled like her in her usua a re w t a w h t and o f l tti , i h hite a l cks o hair an n at h r ea s and t at h s r w h gi g e r , h Of er si te as attired in ’ th l s o a a are h r n e chi d h lid y pp l ; t e rest we e naked. Helle sa to the w man e r id o , Th se pictures of ou s have cherry ee s but w ose ure is t a w oo et so a ch k , h pict h t hich l k h p le ? ’ The woman answere s is a effre s w i d , Thi M ud J y h ch w c m ren at t a me new not ne er ha en h y child h t ti k , ith d er seen her ur er she sa she was an old woman ev . F th , id , a u e t ears and a she had een a w t aged bo t igh y y , th t b i ch forty years ; that the you ng woman who came yester

da was her au er. She to urt er t a a e h y d ght ld, f h h t Eliz b t c er w om she ca e ess et er was a w c Flet h , h ll d B Fl ch , it h , sh ew t her t e s ste r abet an and that e did b i ch lit l i Eliz h , d that the same day she came to Newhall and touc hed the child she did meet her before she got to the miln ; and that she also was the woman who stood on the other side h r er th e 2nd of anuar w en th o s arri of t e iv J y, h e b y c ed a dr wn h Sh sa her away and would h ve o ed er. e id further ’ w was a w t and o her t a t that Wait s ife i ch , t ld h t hey began

‘t wa s u su all of vir in wax bu som The simulacrum y g , t etimes of clay

- taken from a long u sed grave . Th e image being moul ded to resemble n o b wor u on and w a r the person inte ded t e ked p , h teve injury was ‘ mflicted on th e model was believed to have a similar efl eet on the origi ie u a mem er of th e efli aral sis a a nal . Did they t p b gy, p y tt cked the n n corresponding limb of th e person represented . I te se pain and muti lation were thu s assumed to b e pro duced ; and to procure death sometimes the heart of th e image was pierced with a new needl e ; some slo fir and som imes uri times it was melted before a w e, et b ed at dead of u f h uneral servi in cons night with a burlesq e o t e f ce ecrated ground . Such images were prepared by many in the middle ages for the destruo u El ean m wi e of D H tion of their enemies. Th s or Cobha , f uke umphrey, he f nr I d w was held to have attempted t life o He y V . , an as supposed nf l eic s r by a good many to have e eeb ed his intellect . L e te is said to n u een Eliza et ot w ll on r have wrought thu s o Q b h ; B h e Ma y Stuart, and

- r half-a seore of h er lovers 0 11 Ma garet Of Navarre. A mscounss ON wrrcna rr . 73 to deal with her the first Sunday that ever she came to u ston ur w c wo u be two ears at t F y e ch ch , hi h ld y Whi ’ h m h Sunday the next coming . S e aflir ed to er that they were hired to bewitch her by the best man in Fuystone d t a h oo u on her the ast t m sh parish , an h t e did l k p l i e e as at ur but did not s ea to her and he wou w ch ch , p k , ld

do so again the next time that she came thither. She “ an w re The es man in Fu stone ar s is IIenr s e d, b t y p i h y f ra er for Robinson is o our ar s . e an G v ( f p i h , viz , Otl y) , d ” n ee he di d oo at me b ut s a e not to m Th i d d l k , p k e . e woman sa It is not o nson but the two wom n id, R bi , e in t ” h the castle can tell who hired hem. T ese two were ’ a n l Wait s wife and Eliz beth Fletcher. The Hel en asked “ the woman ra ne and sa ou art a s if it i d , id , Th illy old ” w o man and wet. She answere at er s o ill d , Thy f h t od in the or oor and ou not come in es e hi p ch d , I c ld b id m till ”

no w . It was n ee rue t at stoo in t at a e and i d d t h I d h pl c , had ra n er ast a oo w W en ame in it i ed v y f g d hile . h I c he n e ort w t nto the tran e and it is a o t childre f ll f h i h i c , ls true that upon the Sunday follo wing they both went to h ur and ere enr ra er oo earnest at t e ch ch , th H y G v did l k ly m b ut s a e not to t em at all w ereo es e a the , p k h ; h f p ci l n e ause th wor s of the old w ma notice was take , b c Of e d o n a hi t me who was no w un nown b ut a terwar s n t t s i , k , f d fou d ennit to w om ar are or is au er to be J Dibb , h M g t Th p d ght . ’ wa th st a aran f s w F And this s e fir ppe ce o Dibb ife . or she s owe w n ee were ma es but the pictures h d ( hich i d d i g ) , I alter not the words which the children and the witches t resen e to m cons erat on t at t s is a ar used, i p t d y id i h hi p t w is wrou t er instrumenta and h s r of that kind hich gh p , i to ies m f ra t are full Of exa ples o such p ctices. Of la e one in ran e ost La o e his l e ms r s on e aus th F c c M l t if by i p i i , b c e e

From this it is evident that Edward Fairfax went to reside at

Newhall in 1619 .

Henr Ro inson of Swinst Hall in he towns i of i l 1 y b , y , t h p L tt e ris f tl f w Timble and pa h o O ey, o hommore afterwards .

l w n 4 I Le Mo e as executed for co spiracy in 157 , a short time before h t e death of Charles IX. of France. He was favourite Of the Duke of F 74 DEMONOLOGIA :

at o f n r s te to w ra de h Ki g Cha le IX. was impu d itchc ft, ra t an m n a out the man p c iced by i age Of wax fou d b , r e wi w th a i La o e on esse p ick d t ce i p n by a witch . M l c f d the w t ra t b ut e onstant in the asse erat on t a i chc f , di d c v i h t is ra t ce was no treasona and at the ma e was h p c i t ble , th i g of a woman w ose o e h so ht t s means and , h l v e ug by hi , there had his reward ; where the injustice of man execute d — s . the j ust j udgment of God due for such wickedness. Hi t

Chr. a . 3 , p g 00 . This kind Of bewitching was frequent among the an

W n V Elo . 8 en e o ree s an Lat ns. t ess r e ci t , b th G k d i i i gil , g

I/inu s u t hie du rescit et hwc u t

” r li uie it ce a q sc .

n l . A d ora e Lib at. H c , , S 8 i f Lance. et efl gies em , a ltem ”

Certs .

And Theocritus in his Eclog It est sicu t hanc ceram ego cum Dea liquifaci o si c hn liquiescit Dap is. d 2 Theocrit. Ei yl

ri d t i ui ci o In p ncip i o dea a j uvan e l q flz .

s n l li w r Al en o . and constant y wore a medal whi ch h e be eved oul d p eserve ’ m s hi s master s afi ection towards him. Small waxen i age pricked or pierced about th e heart with magical words and ceremonies were sup ’ n n h u posed to produ ce death . Such figu res having been fou d i t e ho se rocur rom Ru ieri in of Le Mole, which it was asserted he h ad p ed f gg , order to accelerate th e progress and final efl eet of th e di sease under rl h r una cul ri did which Cha es t e Ninth then labou ed . Th e unfort te p t n e w r a es b ut he maintaine t at t eir not de y that th y e e magical im g , d h h He a e l virtue or efli cacy was to excite love and not destroy life. pp a ed n f wer male and to the testimo y o th e figu res themselves, which e fe , n n h ss c n om him to protested hi s in oce ce . Th e c ourt did not t e le o d ” — ’ x i r Fran e ol . i . e p ate hi s impru dence on th e scafi old . W axall s c , v v , ’ . 39 . The ma l urin h p 5 ssacre of St . Bartholomew s day took p ace d g t e i n o l r r re g f Charles IX . , and it is matter of litt e wonde that afte that v n m e e t th e king bec a e a prey to disease of body and mind , and tha a w rn slo inte al fever exhau sted hi s strength , and bloo d oo zed even out of ” h r of his s in 4 a t e po es k , and that he died miserably in 157 , t the age His mo r u a M i w f 25 ars. he in amo s rine d e eis al s o ye the , t f C the e d , a y carried about her person cabalisti cal characters written on th e skin of a stillborn infant, and several talisman and amul ets were found in her cabinet after her death . A DISCOURSEON wrrcsa rr. 75

And familiar examples in the British kingdoms are not d ffi u a e sa at s are embe au f i c lt to ll ge , ve th I p th c se o their nearness to our times they have not the reputation which m an t th m u f m acco panies tiquity . Bu e si ilit des o y children w hich Elizabeth Bentley saw were doubtless spirits in their ha s f t e r a n and mo on man este t em to s pe , or h i ctio ti if d h be mor t an a ma es as ose and the o ers on the 2n e h de d i g , th th d o f anuar were and note a so a the woman e n J y , I l th t Old b i g w in th n no et and her standing without e rai , t being able to ome n e au s in the oor are ar ments of c i b c se I tood d , gu a solid bo dy . ' n W a th 1 h of ru r h w O ednesd y, e 3t Feb a y, t e children ere in tran e and a woman a ear un o m au r c , did pp t y d ghte e en who sa unto h r o u art not the woman H ll , id e , Th Old ‘ ” — W he woman sa she wa no thou art Peg ait. T id s t ; but she affirme o en t a she was Pe Wa at w th d ft h t g it, hich e “ woman us e . She sa os ou us at it ? el bl h d id, “D t th bl h T l me be th o in th ast e wi s She answer , e tw e c l tche ? ed, ” ’ s r is a t at Wa s w e she ma Bes Foste witch , bu it if de a s o and sa she urs n t e et at as she on esse t p, id d t o t ll y l t c f d a a a en h erse ere s th t she was witch lso . Th s e p v d till to sa a she was Pe Wa t and sa ou s a o to y th t g i , id, Th h lt g ” h Th w man sa sh w u t e castle to thy mother. e o id e o ld ma her r e an a she wou ome a a n at n ke fo g t, d th t ld c g i ight, w a or n she The o es mes hich cc di gly did . child b th th e ti saw somewhat which she often said she could not remem th r m f h t on of ar ber. This was e fi st ti e o t e appari i Marg et Wa r who was nown ore to m au er it, junio , k bef y d ght e en ere ore she nomna e her at the rs s b ut H ll , th f i t d fi t ight ; s sh not d th ld woman and th o er w o e could o e o , e th ith a s h r a e for sh had ne er s n or nown em pot in e f c , e v ee k th , ’ and the woman s blushing was a strong testimony of her real presence ; for I think no authority doth remember s a s ow of a era on and su en ass on in an s r uch h lt ti dd p i y pi it, ’ and theblushing proceeded from the wench s pressing her P Wa h w n t at n h r . that s e as eg it, a d h she k ew e

l u n l n i n The cast e so freq e t y me t o ed is the county gaol at York, in which two of the supposed wi tches were at that time prisoners. 76 DEMONOLOGIA

On urs a the 14 of e ruar e en Th d y, th F b y, H ll said su en to a et ore ouse in the t en dd ly Eliz b h M h , ki ch , Bess, ” ess r is th w r B , he e e itch ! And upon these wo ds both she and her s ster wer in ran e in w t e saw ar i e t c , hich h y M garet “Ta n t u or . so the da o ow n th t on i , j i Al , y f ll i g, e lit le e said “ to a et mt ano er ser an See ee Eliz b h S i h , th v t, th , Bess, on er omes the w and so nto ran y d c itch fell i t ce . Her mo er s a e some n of ar are Wa un or th p k thi g M g t it, j i , to “ ” w om IIellen sa arr Pe Wa is ere ! an h id, M y , g it h d so s in ran and t en a e to th w m n likewi e fell t ce , h t lk d e o a and “ a o u art Pe Wa t s t ou not see me in s id , Th g i ; did t h the ” back court ? Why didst thou come in no sooner ? The an w re ause she o not ass woman s e d , bec c uld p by Elizabeth

ore ouse who was w t her. She re e n ee she M h , i h pli d, I d d anst t was with me . C ho u come by nobody b ut me ? If w er not a w t e m all see as w as thou t itch h y ight ell I do . Wouldst thou make me well C anst thou not do it

But ano er can . N w not be ma e thyself ? th O , I ill d well s a ma e me we w en ease Him od . so . G h ll k ll h it pl th I n care not for thy threats ; thou canst ot hurt me. If you u had had m e on ere s but od could yo y lif l g thi , G will no t n w man sufl er you to hurt me . The the o put something o her mout and she snee e o ent and s int h , z d vi l ly , aid , ” w s o son m Thou hast not hurt me ; thou ould t p i e . Then “ n m her but s ort she sa her speech was take fro ; h ly id, I a a n t an od Art t ou o n to can spe k gai , I h k G h g i g Robin ’ ’ son s and to Jeffray s ? Thou hast a master that can carry ” e en the woman o ere her ace and she sa th e. Th c v d f , id , “ Dost thou cover thy face ? It had been to some purpose s w n t ou ames in rs b ut now i to have done o he h c t fi t, it s to ” ort a er t no purpose seeing I know thee . Sh ly ft he woman

nt awa and the ren were we . we y, child ll r some t me o ow n the ch ren were not rou Fo i f ll i g ild t bled , o n ef ra had now om a ne and ro ur and J h J f y c pl i d, p c ed warrants from the Justice to apprehend Elizabeth Dicken n nnet and ar aret or who as he a e so , Je Dibb , M g Th p , , ll ged, n stran manner W w m afflicted his daughter i ge . hich o en w o not ne r r n in ues ion for a the tw e c uld , ithe did b i g q t , th t o

DEMONOLOéiA1

On a ur a the 23rd e ruar the women a re S t d y, Of F b y, pp en e were a o ntment at the use wi ow h d d , by pp i , ho Of d ‘ Pullein at Fu stone sear e for mar s u on t e r o es , , y , ch d k p h i b di and e ause the assem of man women m r b c Of bly y , y elde daughter was fetched from home by the constable and two neighbours to make trial if she could challenge any in the company there met to be the women who tr ouble d

her w om et she not now . At her omn she was , h y did k c i g brought through the house into a parlour where I was by the men a oresa and she sa un o me at er ere f id, id t , F h , h be two of the w t es in the ouse Pe Wa t and the i ch h , g i , woman wit the s o on her a e w om now no t b ut h p t f c , h I k , ”

in d t . w h an r she is a re pe ticoat To hic I swe ed, If ou ost now her o a w t t ese men and a en e th d k , g b ck i h h ch ll g h m n r f r it. SO sh w n t t n and t he o e e t wi h he co stable e e , and oo o u on ar are or and sa un o her t k h ld p M g t Th p , id t , now not ur nam but ou are th w man w I k yo e , y e o ith n r a e t at ot so ten a ear t m an the spot o you f c , h d h Of pp o e d ” m and ar a w And it i rue t a a u e e ou e . s t tro bl , y itch t h t that instant the spot (so Ofte n spoken of) was visibly to ’ be seen upon the woman s left cheek . After this was done the same man carried her up into a chamber where a w men w r to et er and t ere she wen r t dozen o e e g h , h t di ec ly n and a en e her to be th w ma to Jen et Dibb, ch ll g d e Old o n h tur s and h as h r f h who showed her t e pic e , s e ked e or t e tures at w all ose who were resen rea pic , hich th p t g tly won ere for t ese two women were ut er un nown to d d , h t ly k h r ot t e r ersons and names et was o serve e , b h h i p ; y it b d that ever after in all her trances when she saw either of a t em t e r names w en sh them she c lled h by h i , hich till th e had never done .

Thi s search for marks was one of th e most disgu sting means by f r which witches were suppo sed to b e found out . This search o devil d r b h e urc was w rs t an eat mark an amul et, as p escribed y t ch h, o e h d h itself to modesty ; and of th e thou san ds wh o perished a vast pro portion

- of h ame to t at of di ed self accu sed , preferring th e deadly search t e fl h d v n in the monkish inquisitors . and confessing anything an e erythi g ” h om of our order to escape the latter . Such was a part of t e wisd ll and cru l in licac we cannot sufi cientl ancestors, whose blind fo y e de y y condemn . A DISCOUBSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 79

so the same da at n n o in tran Al y ight, bei g b th ce, He en saw a a t and a w r T ll bl ck ca yello bi d . he cat s a e to her w ore a me it n p k , hich bef th t ti ever did, ’ and o her a she was ennit i b s s r an t ld th t J D b pi it, d ’ ' ” ha the r wa T t t bi d s Thorp s wife s spirit. he cat threatened to pull out her throat ; and her brother William Fairfax took the bible and read the l 4oth Psalm; w er a the at s em nra and r h e t c e ed e ged , said Thy b other r a s n the oo an ma a m U e d o b k, d kes fool of hi self. pon this occasion we sent to desire the constable to bring ’ ’ or s w e romW ow Pullein s ouse w ere he Th p if f id h , h kept her ; which he did ; b ut before she came the cat said they ’ must away for Thorp s wife was coming ; and they prayed Hellen to tell the woman that they would tarry for her on ’ the to of the il . So he e a an or s wi p h l t y d p rted. d Th p fe ame in w m h i r c , to ho t e ch ld en called as before they had one w n h wa h d , he s e s first brought to themin t e hall and they told her of the cat and the bird ; neither could they ’ om c e out o f trance so long as Thorp s wife was present. The da a ter e n un a ar are Wa un o was y f b i g S d y, M g t it, j i r, brought to the children ; for many persons were desirous to see the tri al of these speeches of the c hildren to the

w c es. ter som a r th w man kn it h Af e talk s befo e, e o eeled own o un ar e ore the nees of m e er au er d v l t ily b f k y ld d ght ,

w h l n t n wi These ere t e familiars or imps a ways atte dan u po tches, and n wi was rl in wi l as h o tch prope y appo ted thout one at e t , some ad

more . They were said to suck their mistresses and leave a mark where

they did so , whi ch wa s the reason why su spected witches were stripped na e h u ked and examined that those marks might b e detect d , and t e tr e c r ha acter of the parties reveal ed . Some of these imps are reported o l ra w to have behaved themselves very indec rou s y, and cont ry to hat u n en n might b e tho ght their spiritual nature . Hutchi nso m tio s many of their prank s in his Historical Essa on Witchc raft from which y , w f w Ha r h r i m w e select a e specimens. Goody g t ee kept e p ith c at

- n a. it Mr . aul ells u s of n a meal a year a d hal f and then lost . G t o e th t ’

r . s k im killed her imp fo doing mischief Su an Coo s p worried sheep , ’ ’ m l im n and Joyce Bean s i p ki led lambs . Ann West s ps sucked o e ” — r o another . p . 70 . The imps of the witches of Wa b is (nine in u h a l w ic e number) fo g t each other with gre t coa staves, with h h th y ’ — rm l of Mrs. o broke each other s head s and a s, apparently for ove J an ” — 1 4. Throgmorton, who was about the age Of 16 or 17 years. p . 0 80 m oNot OGIA

and earnes l ra e her to or e h t y p y d f giv er. The wench did or e her and sa : Wh Pe Wa o f giv , id y, g it, d st thou thus trouble me ? If thou wouldst come to me in sight of ” e er o wo or i t v yb dy, I uld f g ve hee willingly . The woman r M m r in answe e rs. a e e s f d, I h ight o everybody : your ” at er sen for me and am ere amon f h t , I h gst them all. “ She sa do not e e e t ee for n id, I b li v h , I k ow none sees thee " r but I . Then dive s persons made trial if she could hear or understand any other person ; but she was sensless to all but ar are Wa and so was the t e one a s M g t it, li tl l o . The woman was arr e somet mes w ou th c i d i ith t e door, sometimes w t out the w n ow and rom t i h i d , f hese places to call upon

the children. The elder did answer her from all those “ a es and sa W ere art t ou n w pl c id, h h o , thou art far Off ” me . t s me a so one o er Pann l At hi ti l , R b t al , a mere stran er ra e n owar s or o e at h g t v lli g t d Y k, l dg d t e house of W w P llein and ere see n the m ido u , th i g wo en and hearing r or of ese h n s ame to m o s an the ep t th t i g , c y h u e, d procured ’ the ons a e to r n wit him or s w e Th m c t bl b i g h Th p if . e an asked leave of me to satisfy himself Of the truth by making such trial as he and some other strangers who came with him t ou w on es en to and h h ght fit ; hich I did c d c d , t e rather for that the said Pannell used to serve upon j uries at the s ein a ree o er of oo estate and r assize , b g f h ld g d , the efore h might perhaps be one upon er trial . That man and the rest used many experiments to satisfy themselves ; but (as before) they found the children senseless of all things ’ n an erson on w en or said or do e by y p , ly h Th p s wife or Margaret Wait spoke to them; and than none could answer more readily or more discreetly to any question asked by either Of those women than they did ; to the f h s ran ers es a to w om great wonder o t e t g peci lly, h the r m n a r se me a mos nc e e . The wo e e r e matte e d l t i dibl d p t d, and then the children came to themselves ; with whom these men talked ; and they and we well perceived that the found no eren e in e r un erstan n s of the y , diff c th i d di g the two women in e r ran es w en appearances Of th i t c , h they s an r n em were invisible to u , d Of thei shewi g th selves to A Discounss ON wrrcncm r. at

m in t s sor in si and resen e of us all whi the hi t, ght p c , Of ch th h dr n were w o in re u ous e c il e h lly c d l . is a n on to the w c es in tran e and to none Th t lki g ly it h c , ’ r an m au er Hellen s a en n enne o the , d y d ght ch ll gi g Of J t and Mar are or w om she had ne er seen Dibb g t Th p , h v h ow e but in ision w r su moti es before to er kn ledg , v , e e ch v a saw one t a none amon so ma to assure those th t it d , h t g ny witnesses but were fully persuaded that these women were n the persons that troubled them. A d it is most certain that such things could not be counte rfeited ; which I leave w m ns er f an to th n mes of the to your isdo to co id o , d e e e i cause to answer if they can ; with the remembrance also t a th au r of o n efl ra m n h our who h t e d ghte J h J y y eig b , w l t a m m m and th n r ha d e le h ile fro e, wi whom I eve d a ua n an e and who was t th 22n of e ruar cq i t c , ill e d F b y ut er un nown to m i ren m se m w e or t ly k y ch ld , y lf, y if family ; and the witchcraft had continued in violence for

ers mon s e ore . rom th 2 th of o er div th b f , viz , f e 8 Oct b till the 22nd of February ; which consideration taxes well the r a r ma f o m n who i o ut at folly, o r the lice o th se e g ve th n f ra an hi w t s a t e and t a Joh Je f y d s ife devised hi pr c ic , h t his daughte r draw my children into it ; which slander n n urt er on uta on w m n For th s eeds o f h c f ti to ise e . e partie who shall perform all things required in the management of s unn n w e ness had nee of on am arit and o c i g ick d , d l g f ili y rea ra e betwi t emse es e ore t e were fit to g t p ctic xt h lv , b f h y

act their parts upon the stage . The r t of the Wa — the o ma ’ Spi i ll h ly id of Kent. The ren woman w t eu l Verr no and o w o im F ch i h D i i , th se h se os ures our w se n so a e a o n were not so p t i ki g l t ly l id pe ,

soon au e e e. But of t s erea r t ght I b li v hi h fte . On on a the 25th e ruar the wom M d y, Of F b y, en were s ar e u on on rom the onstab e an that da the di ch g d p b d f c l , d y

On th e 20th of A ril 1534 Eli za et arton c mm p , , b h B , o only called ol mai of nt and w had the h y d Ke , ho been esteemed a pro phetess,

was executed for high treason. She snfi ered with seven other persons who had managed h er fits and deceptions for the support of the catholic n h h on s religio . S e is said to ave c fe sed her fraud u pon the scafi old. 62 hEMONot OGIA 1

’ ’ children saw Dibb s wife and Thorp s wife ; but they s a e not on n t t em t e mus awa to t y d l g, o ly hey told h h y t y ’ Jef ra s ouse and so e arte in w ose a e the a f y h , d p d ; h pl c bl ck cat and the r ame and e en as e the eat she was bi d c , H ll k d if ’ ’

b s w e s s r and w a she a e her. The cat Di b if pi it , h t c ll d ’ ’ answ re t a she had been s w e s s r t or ear e d h t Dibb if pi i f ty y s, and she a e h he as e the r the e u s c ll d er Gib. S k d bi d lik q e

t on but the r s a not . en sh sa m t i , bi d p ke Th e id Tell e, ca , ’ cannot the bird speak ? What doth Thorp s wife call this r ? The cat sa ewhit—and she a had it te bi d id , T h th n

ears. ha da at n h the a cat the r an y T t y ig t bl ck , bi d, d two other cats came all at once to Hellen ; the black cat wou not e her w ose the o er two a ts w r but on ld t ll h th c e e, ly said that one Of them was called Fillie ; and that the w t es s ou not now o to or ne er b an i ch h ld g Y k , ith e h ged , and therefore they would have her life ; and the cat did affl h r o at in a n h r t he ict e s th gre t ago y s e c ied ou , S will ” kill me beat her away !you may both see and hear her ! The la in ran e all t s w e but remem ere not child y t c hi hil , b d w a she w n h o f a at and a tt e r no h t sa ; o ly s e t ld o c , li l bi d r t r w The ne t da t e saw in tran bigge han a spa ro . x y h y ce ot t ese women a a n and ennit b t en sa t a b h h g i , J Di b h id h t she s o u not be an but e et a ear on er w h ld h ged, liv y y l g , hich t me is now e re t s n the th of ar 1 22 i xpi d , hi bei g 8 M ch , 6 , and the woman in this hour (as the report came to me at s nstant t rea to die in a ear u sor a n thi i ) lie h dy f f l t, t lki g to her at T c and n it m r. he n , chidi g fro he co gregation prayed for her n o the last sabbath . a cat as ran s otes a or w tnesset u on a A bl ck , F ci C , t il , i h p o th , ’ was t e u in a a n in ennit b s us w i d p ch i J Dib ho e, hich he

Hu n a s tchin so in hi s Ess y on Witchcraft, p . 57 , say Suspected witc es ma w h y be atched until their imps appear , an d their imps may come in the s a e of ca s o s ra s mi ers fl eas nits h p t , d g , t , ce . spid , , , fli es, a ” toa a ro h n w l n . d , f g , a e , a cro , a hornet, or a mo e. A d ag ain p 58, m s ma b e o r h r I p y e k pt in p ts or othe vessels, and t at the pots o places w ere ar in l n h they e kept st k detestib y, a d that therefore such stinking l ” p ac es in their hou ses are signs that they are imps.

’ B umbastu s kept a devil s bird

Shut in the pommel of his sword , A Discounts on wrrnomrr .

on w her and h ol w an wh n she ce sa t e, e asked the d om ( e ’ was detained by the constable at Widow Pullein s house as a oresa for the at to w m sh answer t a h f id) c , ho e gave h t e o his on u or h should h ld t g e, s e would make the black cat pull off his black heard. “ un a the ard of ar m tw On S d y, M ch , y o daughte rs desired t th us of o n J ffra is to go o e ho e J h e y, to v it his daughter m had on seen at m o a d w o e e us . M u , h th y c y h e, viz , the 22n of e ruar and the ommun t of e r f r d F b y, c i y th i su fe ings mo e em to es re more a ua ntan e e r m t v d th d i cq i c . Th i o her suffere em to o a nd E a et mt to att n t m d th g , liz b h S i h e d he . At that house they fell into so great extremities that they u n t be rou ome a a n but la t r all ni t co ld o b ght h g i , y he e gh , in wh t me t e had man s ons and tran in w ich i h y y vi i ces, hich ’ s w e let em see a s r t su u on h r ea and Dibb if th pi i ck p e h d , t m h another under her arm. Elizabe h S ith also saw t e black cat at that house among the brass vessels which n a ar or s e at w si h wa stood upo cupbo d h lf, hich ght s e s m n s a t sh was s ss W en ra and a me er e ee e . af id, y ti f p chl h th c ren were in t e r trances ne t da I went m se e hild h i , x y y lf a rs and a ter on t me a te n n t for my d ughte , f l g i t di g hey r I was or e to r n t em o me on ors recove ed . f c d b i g h h h e n n m arr e as ea ersons ot o e o n all the wa . back , c i d d d p , c vi g y ’ At that house also they saw Thorp s wife suffer the bird to s on her ee w the su n suck upon the po t ch k , hich by cki g bled much ; which spot (as divers have deposed) troubled the woman very mv h when she was by command at the W w Pullein for t ere she ru e it and use house of ido , h bb d , d

That taught himall the cunning pranks

Of past and future mountebanks . K elly did all his feats u pon ’ lo in - la Th e devil s ok g g ss, a stone ;

wi him - Where playing th at bo peep , ’ ’ o l m He solv d all pr b e s ne er so deep . Agrippa kept a Stygian p ug ’ ’ do I th garb and habit of a g , ur That was his tutor , and the c ’ o r Read to th occult philos phe ,

- All other sciences are vain. Hu di bras. 04 nn m mm :

man means to et it 0 3 but coul not also sh ta y g , d ; e lked of it with m rtur a An th s v so e pe b tion. d i was ery strange con rnin the s o t t at di r r ce g p , h ve s pe sons testifying by oath t at the saw it u on her face one morn n t th h y p i g, ye e same day when she came before a justice of peace the spot was not v sib e for the time w ich m l an i l , h yse f d others

observed . so w en m i ren w at th u f Al , h y ch ld ere e ho se o John ’ eflra the wife o f that ou v J y, h se ga e to my little daughter Ezabet a r a a ose arte r w i the hi rou li h F i f x , h g , h ch c ld b ght ome to New a and u on urs a the th of ar h h ll ; p Th d y, 7 M ch, th s ar er was a u on the nee of n effra as h i g t l id p k Joh J y, e sat the fire in his own ouse distan a mil rom mn by h , t e f i e, and as he aflirmeth his daughter Maud told him that she saw the black cat bring the garter in her mouth and lay it n his nee and the at to her a th i st it upo k , c ld th t e ch ld lo at h the turfstack w er th oun ome beside , h e e cat f d it and

o u ht it om a a n. s was a ma ter f a t d n br g h e g i Thi t o f c , o e t o f na ura m Let th e ra or above the abili y t l eans. e d t ct s from the truth o f this business say how ; or answe r how n l i a t mt r ar Elizabeth Be t ey, El z be h S i h , o Ch les Miche l t wa could see those spirits, if the hing s not serious ; or ran ers never nown to us ou be ra how those st g , k , c ld p cticed n withal if it were feig ed . n a the 5th of Mar e n ro e u a Upo T uesd y, ch , b i g Sh v T esd y , ’ t a are to e n and o h r a the black ca ppe d H lle , t ld e th t Dibb s w e was at ome wee n for a he ime was now s ort if h pi g th t r‘ h , a er da or ears he cam rst to her and for th t v y y f ty y e fi , now she must go shortly to her and his master ; that she ha ha our s r s of w r had alr d l eft her d d f pi it , hich th ee ea y , “ and he on tarr w t her. The wen sa ly did y i h ch id, It were we ou woul s a so ea e her for n r a s ll if th d t l l v , the pe h p ” she wou re ent and o to od . The cat sa I ear ld p g G id, f

she w re en and sh . e r an l sh w ill p t, if e b ightly h d ed e ill n ess all for now her m is om and she w not are co f , ti e c e, ill c l a t r to confess. He len prayed God th t she migh epent ;

erea th cat was an r and r a ene to h r. wh t e g y , th e t d kill e “ ar not for o art th s She answered, I c e thee ; th u e wor t

86 nn oxoroeu

’ she urged it with such vehemency that Thorp s wife wept bitt h r h m e rly a long timc . Then s e asked he how s e beca e a w tc th w man answ r t at a man e to a man of i h , e o e ed h lik t w r ame unto her u on th moor and offere h r his o ld c p e , d e mone ic at first she refused b ut at the secon M e y, wh h , d of his coming he did overco me her in such sort th at she him her bod and soul and he ma e her a ease b a gave y , d l ck o f her ife for ort ears w ic was now en ed again l f y y , h h d h r upon Shrove T uesday last . T e man did write thei leases oo and t e l kew se w th eir oo t with their bl d, h y i i i th bl d se ’ t m t at her ease was in his ee n their hands to he , h l k pi g , ar he sh un m an n and every seventh ye ewed it to the , d ow ars s nce she saw ers and at ea it was three ye i h , th ch r newed it and set t e r an s it seventh year they e , h i h d to he sa th urt er t a she new or w es but again. S i f h h t k f ty itch , n h m n n r on se e f er o a . e e sa d I there we e ly v o c p y H ll i , ste r at m is as v as t o art f r think thy si f Ti ble e il h u , o she speaketh with black things at Timble Gill . The woman “ sa ou art a w if thou an e a . She re e id, Th itch c t ll th t pli d, ” me h r own to i I a w t God b ess e t. amnot i ch , l , child ld ’ This sister of Thorp s wife is a daughte r also of Jennit

This appears to have been the legal as well as poetical st le o f “ y f Marlow his Fau drawing up deeds o this kind . in stus introduced n whi s m w lar o th e on the following sce e , ch is o e hat simi t e here described . ’ ustus —I woul lift u m an s but see t e hol em Fa . d p y h d , h y d , they ’ hold em! ' l —Who Fau stu s ? Scho ars. — , st u ci er and Me histo eles. entlemen I Fau Why L f p ph Oh, g , gave

themmy soul for my cunning . — d or i ! Sela Oh . Go f b d — i i n e b ut Fa u a n Famt. God forb d t i d ed , u st s h th do e it, for the vain pleasure of four and twenty years hath Fau stus lost eternal joy a ill wit min wn l h and felicity. I writ them b h e o b ood , t e date is ” i e m and he will e : is s th ti e tc me. exp ired th , f h

f There are two townships immediately conti guous of this name l in h ris w w Little Timb e t e pa h of Otley in hich Ne hall was situate, and n Great Timble in the parish of Fewsto , about a mile and a half distant

lla e towar s he sou -we h l from that vi g d t th st, t e ast named is probably

n r . l i the one inte ded he e Timb e Gill s a small picturesque ravine, O into h e valle of th e Was urn m h w pening down t y hb fro t e est, dividing bl s on he sou rom th of the two Tim e t th f e parish Weston, of which we shall have something to say hereafter. a msoouasn on wrrcucm r. 87

arrie on Breakes of m e : the woman is Dibb , m d to e , Ti bl a and a au er of ers e vil tho ught on for witchcr ft, d ght h raised a report that her mother used in a deep Gill at

Timble to meet and confer with black things or spirits . r a t h o f Mar h the c el in ran e On Satu d y, he 9t c , hild f l t c , ’ ’ n w s w e or s w fe ar are Wa un or a d sa Dibb if , Th p i , M g t it, j i , e t her tha her s s er s o u and the black cat. Th y old t i t h ld

‘ n Th sa Wh os t ou oo at fall by a d by . e child id, y d t h l k r W an at m s ster en w my brothe illiam, d y i H ell At hich “ ” ’ n se her viz. or s w fe and instant Helle said, I e , , Th p i ; ’ h n so sa he e in tran e to w om or s w fe avi g id s f ll c , h Th p i w h r as w i she s a e o f efore : was a sho ed e le e, h ch p k b it a r wr en w oo and she sa she ame to large p pe itt ith bl d , id c it an ad ott n f h r ma r a nd let her see , d h g e it o e ste to th t e ,

m a . h a s h r to t row in the fire with uch do S e dvi ed e h it , n rsa h r mas er and as e her w a he romse a d to fo ke e t , k d h t p i d ” her. he w man answere He ro mse enou . She T o d , p i d gh ” re H t no n to ve but fire . So the plied , e ha h thi g gi woman e ar e and she ame to erse on rmn w a d p t d, c h lf, c fi i g h t — we had written of these strange circumstances of the w n th s an th compacts bet ee e witche d e devils, the manner f r rants—th wr t n o f t m w th o thei g e i i g he ith blood , and e e all of w were terate anot er da u on t is lik , hich i d h y p h

occasion. A justice of peace here desired that my daughter and ’ or s w e m t be ersona to e er e ore hi so Th p if igh p lly g th b f m, he on ron e as be a o n e and th wen e in t y c f t d, pp i t d , e ch f ll ran e an as n s all ns r s n t t c , d w se seles to perso p e e t, but o ’ or s w e she a e and the woman a a ns her w Th p if t lk d , ( g i t ill , but enforced thereunto by the j ustice) interrogated of all ese r ums an es of the eases the wr t n of t em and th ci c t c l , i i g h , ot er art u ars w t e w n an w re r at n h p ic l , hich h e ch s e d , epe i g to the woman all t a sh ha to her n r n h h t e d ld co ce ni g t e same . The same ust e a s in the ur at Fu to t j ic l o ch ch , ys ne, old me ’ in r a e t a he wou tr or s w e wer a w t h p iv t , h t ld y if Th p if e i c , ’ aus n her to sa the Lor s ra er for she were by c i g y d P y , if a w tc he sa a in th re et tion of a ra er sh i h , id , th t e p i th t p y e

ou not sa the wor s or v us ur r s asses. I c ld y d , F gi e o t e p Q 88 DEMONOLOGIA

was s en and o ser e the r a . Th m il t, b v d t i l e wo an being put to coy ld not sa ose wor s an means r it y th d by y . At fi st she re ea e the ra er and w o om m p t d p y , h lly itted the , and en e n a mon s e and ur e to the o n sh s th b i g d i h d g d p i t, e too d

° ama e and fina ou not at all ut r em z d, lly c ld te th , of which

m n eo w re w tnesses to t e r a m a . a y p ple e i . h i d ir tion Of these contracts with the devil the reports both by oo s and rad ons be n n te and rue er a b k t iti i fi i , t p h ps, though some of them seemfoolish and some idle ; but seeing they be se ret ar reements etw the e and his a ents i c g b ixt d vil g , it s not possible that any good christian should understand m ou man not of the s m es ut some the , th gh y, i pl t , p confi n m us t n the a n aw de ce in the . Th I hi k that t ki g ay of something belonging to the party on whom they intend to ra i e or the ou n of e r od es or su p ct c , t chi g th i b i , ch like, he covenants which the devil enforceth the witch to perform r w l s r in f t h befo e he i l as ist he a flic ing t e parties. And a a n the sew n of erta n wor s in set orms the g i , i g c i d f , heat in f n on s the s ra c n of t e w a t g o iro t g , c t hi g h itch nd he e to enan s a so to sso ve the ar a n w lik , be cov t l di l b g i bet een em and so to ea er an e the ar r e I th , h l p ch c p ty g i ved . was o ten mo e to see e some of ese mea f v d k h lp by th ns, especially by the scratching! which was urged to me as

Of all p reventitives and c ures for witchcraft this was deemed the fi of r r i most e ectual , and also th e easiest pe fo mance ; t was only to h i nail or an in scratch t e witch w th a pin , a , yth g so as to draw blood m h r f n n m f fro e , when the whole o her e cha tments beca e o no avail , and h e a i v ar ame ins an l wel s r c r t ggr e ed p ty bec t t y l . Thi p acti e is f equ ently allu ded to by Shakespeare w Blood will I dra on thee, thou art a witch .

a i l some sa a ra er oo b e carrie a out ers If b b e, y p y b k , d b the p on the l charms of witches connot take efi ect . Mist etoe hung about th e neck f l h as th e same effect . Th e root o ange ica was possessed of similar u f all h r s and lants of the fiel th e mountain virt es, b ut o t e t ee p d ash or a n a Rowan was the most powerful charm gai st witchcr ft , where the small est fragment of it was worn the strongest spells could not take r lan s ciall th our leave clo r had efi ect. Many othe p ts, e pe y e f d ve , a r n t re were th m ans men nearly simila power. The he e e tioned by Butler which are even yet employed to Chase evil spirits away by dint l Of sick e, horse shoe, hollow flint. A DISOOUBSE ON WITCHCRAFT .

a reme ordaine of od but I ou n dy d G , c ld ever be lieve it t o be so for I w ne t a d is n t , ell k w h t Go o tied to forms and r ums an es w t u ease Him ci c t c , hich ho gh it pl d to use some mes —as to Naaman th e er—was and b w ti , e l p h e hole ; and t the n man — a n a ma w t s tt o bli d , l yi g cl y de i h pi le upon his eyes before the Ephata yet to presume that any such ceremonies are left as perpetual remedies for leprosy and l n ness is a mere in ness n ee an to b i d bl d i d d , d practice th r i arr w t t r r emis an ir el gious ogancy . e lef he efo e their arms on s and s ra n s to t em ha ut o n n ch , t g , c tchi g h t t p c fide ce in t em and to the e i who e s em an n h , d v l d vi ed th ; d o ly u on the oo ness of God and n o his relied p g d i v ked help, w t ou em n Him res r n the means ' but i h t t pti g by p c ibi g ,1 a n his mer w he at not w t o en rom us tte ded cy hich h h i h ld f , a r not sa n f our o e His nam so th t we a e di ppoi ted o h p . e b ra se ere ore e p i d th f . n a the 1 7th of Mar the stran On S u d y , ch , ge woman laid n the ren w en e were in bed as sh upo child h th y , e had t em the da e ore and a r promised h y b f , fte they were got am to t em in the en and o th h up she c e h kitch , t ld ems e had r w t other w es r n n w n i b een at Yo k i h itch , d i ki g i e n a cellar

re &c . en she rea ene to il e en bu t th the , Th th t d k l H ll , e a rod and s ar in u ea the woman wench got , t t g p b t until she wn and ra e her to or e h r n I kneeled do p y d f giv e . The took the rod and struck at the place where the children sa the old woman was but t e er e e not e id , h y p c iv d it , y t they saw the woman much troubled and asked her what e For she we t tter t at the ears ran own she ail d . p bi ly h t d , and st rre rom a e to a e to a o the ows and i d f pl c pl c v id bl , en t a I str e at her and sh lastly told the childr h t did ik , e was

n b e o n . Or Ephphatha , signifyi g pe ed

f It appears very sing ul ar during all this time that his children havebeen suffering we find no mention of any physician or medicine in in all in to a em t to r liev m man of any k d be g c ed tt p e e the , nor do we ’ ome ma r old wives me icine in m r d hear of any h de o d s be g ad ini ste e , which Were often held As o f sovereign u se ains all enchm ents mil ew l G t M , d , b ast, or damp , l ’ Or ghast y furies apparition . 90 Dm onow om

a ra to be so ea en a sh s ou stan u is ble f id b t , th t e h ld d p v i m h s ir e ore all wh were resent. In t s e tre t er b f o p hi x i y, p it at th nstant ame to hel her e n t en in eness of a e i c p , b i g h lik an of t em ran out of th bird ; it took her away . d both h e Th sam a ern on the stran e woman door together. e e ft o g a a n ame to the ren and E a et str e at her g i c child , liz b h did ik ; t th e r s la n in a e tr mt for a bu e lde si ter did y lo g gre t x e i y, wh te cat ea e on her and did afllict her whi cat she i l p d , ; ch ’ new to be ar aret Wa t s s r t a n es and his k M g i pi i , c lled I g ; t ’ B h w man was one of the first works o f that spirit. ut t e o s a on her tear and trou for h r eatin were so man g y, s ble e b g, y ar uments of a so o w the wen hit u on her g lid b dy, hich ch p when she struck with the rod ; neither have I read any

precedents o f such passions showed by the devil at any ti me . n ues a the 1 9th of ar m au er e en O T d y, M ch, y d ght H ll n to t an w w an we t fe ch a bl ket hich as upon the hedge, d ere she o o u a s or a e s aff w w en she had th t k p h t h z l t , hich h , h the strange woman appeared and snatched it from er. Th w n m t erea s e e to the woman and oo e e ch oved h t, t pp d t k o of the s aff and a ter some wrest n w t her oo h ld t , f li g i h , t k i rom her and rou nto the ouse and ut nto t f , b ght it i h p it i th fire in the tc en and t ere e and wou not e ki h , h h ld it, ld m sh in suffer any person to touch it . At that ti e e fell tran e and the woman came and offere to a e it out of c , d t k

the fire but ou not and t ere ore we i er . She , c ld , h f pt b tt ly Th man answ re t a asked her why she cried for it . e wo e d h t h a i in tha a ore the anke in o e a h r s e l id t t pl ce bef bl t , h p th t e r a t r o use or some o e se wou hav o Eliz be h Mo eh , b dy l , ld e a en it u and t en she ou a e ew e t em t k p , h c ld h v b itch d h a u it b ut now she had urnt it w whosoever h d to ched ; b , hich

sh s ou re ent : and resent the w te cat Fillie ame e h ld p p ly hi c ,

he was reat torment . The staf none new nor and s g ly ed f k , how it came there ; and it was perchance some instrument ra t e u o n the to u h as th woman sa w to p c ic by p c , e id , hich the wench disappointed ; and it is true that when she fo und the staff and wrestled with the woman for it she was t in h r senses and not in tran e et t en she saw perfec e , c ; y h , r an he woman w sh o ot a e on hea d, d felt t , hich e c uld n h v d e A DISCOURSE on wrrouow r . 91

to a spirit ; so that both in trance and out their feeling of the w c es was the same to em w ou difi r n it h th ith t e e ce. On We nes a the 2oth of ar th s an w m d d y, M ch, e tr ge o an a a n a eare to m au ter e n an w f r h g i pp d y d gh H lle , d ept o er s aff and entreate her to s ea a a r for her in w I t , d t l p pe , hich had written the words which she spake to Henry Graver and omas orres and the a s w rou e him f Th F t, c t hich t bl d , or she said if that paper were seen it would hang her if ever she was known ; and if it were not locked up she would s r Th w n us to teal it he self. e e ch ref ed steal the paper ; h r n th w m as an r an t e eupo e o an w g y, d did cast her into reat remt The in s on a ne in th a r w r g ext i y. th g c t i d e p pe e e t es — omas orres ‘ a oun man am r n a h e Th F t , y g , c e idi g l te near he house of ar are Wa and er h w t M g t it , th e e as su n assau man a s so t a h dde ly lted by y c t , h t e could hardly de n hims rom em but r e awa w all th fe d elf f th , did id y ith e s he ou and so es a et t o we him a peed c ld, c ped ; y hey f llo d great way ; and it was told to the children afterwards that the cats were witches then assembled at the house of ’ Wa w who es re t a ul oma orr s it s ife, d i d o h ve p led Th s F e t r m hi a m a t su a ou of f o s horse, th t they ight h ve go ch t ch

him as m a a rw r ew e him. , they ight h ve fte a ds b itch d That which concerned Henry Graver written in the — paper was this The 2 0th of February my daughter ’ an s w f wh h Hellen being in tr ce saw Dibb i e, o told er that h a at the ur and the man w r s e h d been ch ch , hich hi ed themto bewitch her (as before she said he would d o) did r o a h r ut s a e not to h r at all and et h the e l ok t e , b p k e , y e her s she al e w t o er inson and passed by a t k d i h R b t Atk ,

went and leaned upon the table in the choir. That it was a r n e nd a he re em to ew Henry Gr ve i de d , a th t hi d th b itch n m r ut e ou et no ower on her father a d othe , b th y c ld g p n a h ot wer on her rs ou n her them, a d th t s e g po fi t by t chi g

' ‘l Th e name of Forrest is of frequent occurrence in the Fewston n Ar ur parish register. We give one e try as a specimen 1608, th e ” h Jollop and Jennet Forrest were married the 10th of Februarie. T e family was of Great Timble, and continued to flourish there until quite erio f i e i be e extinct a recent p d, i nde d t y t . 92 DEMONOLOGIA :

at the ur but ha ou was not enou h t th ch ch, t t t ch g , ye e same S unday in the afternoon as she came from home in ' ’ ’ om an of ohn Pullein s w e and Wi nson s w e she c p y J if lki if , hen touc e her a a n and ot ower on h t h d g i g p er. Also the 2nd of March the strange woman in the hall told Hellen that she would now tell her who it was that hired them to ew t her and sa it was enr ra er he b i ch , id H y G v . S answe ed I a e een o that a r a wh r , h v b t ld l e dy ; y dost thou te me it a a n ? l ve t n him an onest man and t a ll g i hi k h , h t “ t u o t an him h w man o s s er . T e o sa Na ut h d l d id , y, b it ” is true and I w te ee a true t n in t at ma , ill ll th hi g h tter, ’ w as t at enr ra er did re r s hich w , h H y G v hi Tho p wife and ’ ’ Wa t w e to ew tc her and effra s au r i s if b i h J y d ghte , and a e t em mo ne and t at he wen to the ous g v h y , h t h e o f ’ Wa t s w e ers t mes a ter she was rst uest n i if div i f fi q io ed , and before she went to the gaol ; that he had talked there w t h r and encoura e her and sa she ou not i h e g d , id c ld be ur ecause the had taken awa no e and rom se h t b y y lif , p i d that she should want nothing . And he gave her money r m t me to t me and ma nta ne t em est the s o f o i i , i i d h l y h uld

t of him for he is a rai of t em. The wen t ell , f d h ch hen asked the w oman how she knew what talk Graver had ’ a w with Wait s wife at her house . She did ns er that she was there and sat the fire in eness of a cat w , by lik , hen

ra r ame t t er and so hear t e r a . s w G ve c hi h , d h i t lk Thi as h s m f a w the a er onta ne and t e u o th t hich p p c i d, which the w man r u en to stea o eq ired Hell l . n r a the 2 l st of ar the stran e wo O Thu sd y, M ch , g man o m e au er e n in tran e an appeared t y eld st d ght , b i g c , d told ’ ’ her that she had been at Robinson s wife s bedside on the

' n h and a o nson s w e wou e t er erse ig t, th t R bi if ld i h kill h lf or some ot er and t en t e woul a e her as sh h , h h y d h v , e had none to r a to her or ns ru her and hat sh e d i t ct , t e would oster urt er sh never think ill of Bess F . F h e said that ’ w s th ran ame w t h and t at sh Dibb s ife wa e g d i c , h e herself ’ t her but Wa s w e w as as rea a w was nex , it if g t itch as at t e ou t to ha th any of them. Th h y th gh ve e life of m oun es son but e ou Henry Fairfax , y y g t , th y c ld not hurt

94 DEMONOLOGIA this time there is some unkindness and questions of law w bet ixt us. on on a th 1 s r l the ass es e an at Up M d y, e t of Ap i , iz b g or a w a I m e au er th Y k, t hich pl ce was with y eld st d ght ; e the little one was left at home at the same time . All six women ues on w r a s an u on ues a q ti ed e e there l o ; d p T d y, the 2nd of A r th n man ar to the i d p il , e stra ge wo appe ed ch l

at ome and o her t a her mas er . the e was h , t ld h t t , viz , d vil, then gone to God Almighty to ask leave o f him to get n An the ne t dow her and her bro ther Henry Fairfax . d x da sh am to h r a a n and o her a od h y e c e e g i , t ld th t G ad denied to give her master leave to get them down (for until 1 2 w e i in h lin and l n 77 , h n t passed to t e femal e e, at present be o gs

o r. hn raml t M Jo B ey, of Norwood . Swinst Hall e s n s h tan i l n y y t ta d , t e best , most subs t a a d majestic ld r of the o halls which g ac e the valley of the Washburn . It stands wit its clu stere c imne s and man a les re and ran in lon l h d h y y g b , g y, g d e y solitude a ile of m ster surroun e b le en s. er is no r , p y y d d y g d Th e oad , not even a paved trackway for pack-horses leading to it from any on r n m hi i a uar r . ere is no st e uar ear ro w c h s n q te Th q y f h t bee hewn , and yet it ha s been piled u p stone by stone at a great cost of time and labou r . Tradition states that th e stones of which it was built were

n ac - s r m h o si si f th a brought o p k hor es f o t e opp te de o e W shburn vall ey . We might almost b e tempted to think that some mighty magician had b rom m r l and lac i moved it y his art f so e othe ocality, p ed t here in thi s lm n f s m n lonely situ ation as the place of concea e t or o e e chanted beau ty . min orel uzzle to account for its e istence inven The popular d, s y p d x , ted h and h w on load th e legend of th e poor weaver, t e plague , t e agg of ollowin ffect —Th uil er of t g old , whi ch is something to th e f g e e b d h e

Hall was a man of th e name of Robinson , who in his youth was a poor l a n ar r weaver, and resided in a humb e cott ge e whe e the hall now h le his um le ome travelle to on on at a time w en stands ; e ft h b h , d L d h ci w en a had le man u the plagu e was raging in that ty, h de th ft y ho ses a i and esolate w erein no survivors were le t totally uninh b ted d , h f to

d no irs o claim eir wealt . Our nort coun r bury th e dead , an he t th h h t y f n or in hims l ami adventurer seeing this state o thing s, ot f g ett g e f d the s n f h ol u l g eneral mou rning and confu sion , took posse sio o t e g d th s eft without an owner to su ch an extent that h e loaded a waggon and team of horses with the wealth thu s ac quired , with whi ch he returned home

e lac of his r . B ut th e ward , and in due time reac h d the p e bi th story n el and ol of th e plague had reached th e place as soo as hims f g d, and none of hi s former neighbours woul d admit himinto their dwelling s for w e his l in reenw ll S rin n fear of contagion . He ash d go d the G e p g , ear w h the Hall , and with the ealth thus acquired purchased t e estate, and built Swinsty Hall. A DISCOURSE on wrcrs omrr . 95

’ a was the woman s rase in w he not we to th t ph ) , hich did ll ’ n him The se ue s owe the woman s wor s e de y . q l h d d lik ly f r th a n es a e the reat an er to be true , o e boy h vi g c p d g d g hr u s a a e er s n e I which he fell into on S ove T e d y , h th v i c , t an God had his er e ea and ne t er een in h k , p f ct h lth, i h b An t s o n of ata n to ask trance nor seen vision . d hi g i g S leave is somewhat to be compared to the place of Scripture

n 1 and 1 n s . a of n i. a d . i Job , ii , , Ki g xxii , th t ’ Ahab s prefects of the devil standing before the Lord and it is a great moti ve to me to proceed against these women for t at all the six e n at or en not one , h b i g Y k , th of t m a ar un o her or rou e the ne t er he did ppe t , t bl child, i h a n w n t wer in uran e or an res ra n t a y time he hey e d c , y t i t a n m e e e u e an of e r ower u o l id upo the , did th y x c t y th i p p n he n t so soon as e were oose e or ore t childre , ye th y l th y f b

no longer to molest them. On urs a the 4th of r m e es son Wi am Th d y , Ap il , y ld t lli a r a n in th e a e Birkbanks a resa s arte F i f x bei g e fi ld c ll d fo id, t d M m a bare ut of a us and set a do at her. r. t s n o b h g S i h o , ar of Fu stone saw her also and in e sort us hi vic y , , lik ca ed s do to run at her but t e u os the s t of g , h y q ickly l t igh her. a da soon a er the was in ran e and the Th t y, ft child t c , strange woman did appear to her and told her that she was the bare which her brother and the vicar set their dogs at ; and a she ame o er the wa er w t her ro er W am th t c v t i h b th illi , and that he should see her again the next time he went to at a e w h r v r Al so sh ff rme a th pl c ; hic p o ed t ue . e a i d th t w en she was in eness of a bare or of an su t n h lik , y ch hi g,

she was t en sense ess. at e n sa she s owe to h l Th b i g id , h d the i e ures of one sort w h a sh ch ld ight p ict , by hich s e s id e di w t h a n an r f d be i ch such as s e h d o w in h d . Th ee o them ’ were of m ren and t ree of o n ef ra s au rs y child , h J h J f y d ghte , the o er two she sa were one of em a ma a th id th id , l te " ser an of a Franckland and the o r of a oun v t R lph , the y g

his Ral Fr s f h n l T ph an kland wa o t e family of that name, lo g sett ed kle n s at Thir y, ear Thir k , which u p to a recent period possessed consi era le estates at lu er ou ses in t is aris now el b or d b B bb h , h p h , h d y L d

Walsingham. These estates were acquired during the reign of Elizabeth 96 nmu onot osm

woman called Atkinson ; which two last mentioned (at the same time were s ran e affl ed es e a the man ) , t g ly ict , p ci lly , w rances and sw on n sh ha h r fi v ith t o i gs. Also e d e e ures wh she sa s pict , by ich id he had practiced before upon

o ers. The es re to ee the i ures and the th child d i d f l p ct , woman suffer her to an l he r si f t em w did h d e t fi st x o h , hich ’ m s she e to be su stant a no us . h w n f lt b i l , t ill ory For t e o a re ort t at she was t a are the etra tors and s an ero us p h h t h , d c l d s of ers of t s n an ma be on oun e e ons er c f hi i f t y c f d d, if th y c id ’ that the child foretold out of the woman s month that her rot er s oul see the are a a n w he n ee in b h h d h g i , hich did i d d the same a e u on ues a the 9th r ne o o w n pl c p T d y, Ap il xt f ll i g, w or te n u b n m t r f th f r h r hich f e lli g co ld e o i pos u e o e child, o e ea ers t e can su ose an su ou not t emse es t ch , if h y pp y ch , c ld h lv re a e so man a s I ann w t s en e ass p f c it y d y before . c ot i h il c p over her saying that being in that or the like shape she was s n e ss for a to th trans ormn f a in s n e s le , s e f i g o sh pes thi ki d the ues on eser et to be wr t n of in a w o e o ume q ti d v h it e h l v l , but it is far a o e m earn n o reso and oo s rom b v y l i g t lve it , b k f w I m orrow an e are in h s w erness as hich ight b y h lp ( t i ild ) , rare as t is or earn n tse civili y , l i g i lf . It is not doubted but that the devil can transformhimself

f R h of tans a Allot in h by William Frankland , o ye, in t e parish S te d , t e count of Hartford a citizen and clot wor er of on on and who on y , h k L d ; 4 hi r h Ric ar and hi s son the 19th of Augu st, 157 , gave to sl b ot er h d, ll h lands t er and a Hugh, th e manor of Blubberhou ses, and a is h e t r illi m ran lan f Thirkilbie in the Fewston . In th e yea 1638, W a F k d , o , H n ran lan kni son and eir a arent co unty of York , with e ry F k d, ght , h pp f r i WilliamFran lan and Ric ar Fran lan de Fuiston o the afo esa d k d , h d k d , n man urr n ere the messu a e or tenement in th e said county, ge tle , s e d d g

ra o t r wit c ertain lan s situate and e istin i n ra. of Upper C gg , t ge he h d x g f

T n a. Fo ts dc K naresbu r h hamleto dc F uiston, et vi lla. do i mbia i fr res g , to n K im in th sai th e use and behoof of Henry Fairfax, of Newto e, e d H r Fair a eventuall ecame ourt or coun cler . is en ty, k Th y f x y b f h L d ll win n i s elon in to t is Fairfax, Baron Cameron . The fo o g e tr e b g g h r r i r 1602 WilliamHardestie family are fromth e Fewston pa ish eg ste , ” h e 21 o r and Fraunces Frankland were married by a licence t st f Octobe . r Ch eldre and A nes Fran lan were marrie th e 18th 1604, Geo ge y g k d d ” au er f Ra e Fran lan w of June. 1615 , Margaret, d ght o ph k d , as ” 1629 Th wi of Ra e Frankland was baptized th e l 6th of April . , e fe ph ” 4 n lan wa uri h buried the 26th of January. 16 0, Raphe Fra k d s b ed t e

15th of Februarie.

98 DEMONOLOGIA

awa w imagine . But lest I be thought to be carried y ith m ass on or to be re u ous a o e ause or so e n to y p i , c d l b v c , f ig be e ause of m n r s let m r e the NEST , b c y i te e t , e f eely t ll HO ' ' E . 1 8 a . ADER a w . st n D ivzta t Dei. c R , th t ith St Au i e C e lib , p 1 8 I a r al or ru , verily believe th t the devil cannot e ly t ly change the shape of man or woman into any other likeness ; but that every such metamorphosis is only an illusion by which he doth abuse both the spectators and the witch herself and if she do things in that alteration above the a u ies ro ort ona e of her rue o hese she o f c lt p p i bl t b dy , t d th by ’ the devil s power ; to which may be ascribed her going n th f r a ll n teth invisible a d e like ; o s a late writer we o ,

' ’ ' Dia bolus otest ob ectam uamcelerzt r novar vel multus modta p j q e e, l ‘ m te ere ut nos a l zt. ere ore I o not ro ba e g , f Th f h ld it i p bl , ne er es eem m oss b e at the w is some mes ith t it i p i l , th itch ti ear seen and e the ersons u on w om she a h d, , f lt by p p h h th

wer and none ot er . But a the e can ta e to po , by h th t d vil k ’ u o or a he an ma on of h ma himself a tr e b dy, th t c ke e t is n s ’ l th s on s arm and the ea of the r as a r eg , e ec d , h d thi d ( g eat n a a e wr en or ha he can a the n u u divi e h th l t ly itt ) , t t pl y i c b s n e e ch ren as the old a e of er n and our a a d b g t ild , t l M li , l te ’ wonder of the son of Mary Pannell (not yet forgot) seem n nua I n t ese t er re a ons to u su to i si te . thi k h fi t l ti fill p ch a u ous s or es as a of n rt ur an to t f b l t i th t Ki g A h , th blot he ea es of ra e nes and earne oso ers w l v g v divi l d phil ph , hich I am sorry to see them do so often . ’ ’ urs a at n t i s w The same Th d y, igh , D bb ife and Thorp s m ome rom Y ork and the morn n a r wife ca e h f ,T i g fte bo th

n account of the irt and arenta e of th e reat enc For a b h p g g hanter, ’ m u s ri H s Ge fi re of Mon o t tis i stor . In the Merlin , ee o y h B h y year 1603, n ll wh o had lon een notorious for su ose sorceri Mary Pan e , g b pp d es, was or for the crime of avin ewitc e to ea hun g at Y k , h g b h d d th William

it am Es . who ie at e stone in 1593. W h , q , d d L d ,

r f h im Fai rfax gi ves no Dia y o t e t e spent at York, no report of the ummin u f h e u e and it is onl r m h trial , or the s g p o t j dg , y f o t e return home of two of the ac cu sed women that we know tha t th e verdict has ” The Rev. anon Rain in re been Not Guilty. C e, p face to Depositions from York Castle, says, I am happy to say that in no instance have

I discovered the record of the conviction of a reputed witch . All A DISOOUBBE or wrronom r . 99

h women an s ir s th at an the r all t me d their p it , e c d bi d , did a r to th an a h da o ow n ppea e child ; d so they did lso t e y f ll i g,

. atur a the 6th of r and e en o her viz , S d y, Ap il ; th y th t ld a m se and m e es au er wer n at a aster th t y lf y ld t d ght e the T dc , a w la ere th n t a and wer omn and th t e y th e igh p st, e c i g me b ut a w s ou ar et ome a n for ho , th t e h ld h dly g h th t ight, s n they would come and meet u upo the way. It was true u n a Fr a at n t the 5th f r l m that po th t id y igh o Ap i , yself an m m n la at a as er a a d y co pa y y T dc t , but th t w s unknown to m am ne er ou e sus e for th a y f ily, ith c ld th y p ct it, e pl ce was not in my usual way from York ; b ut the occasion " which brought me thither was for that the j udges and man o her o e w em r n rom or the a y t pe pl ith th , idi g f Y k by w y of Knaresborough as we should have done ; to avoid the t en ra e we oo frequency of people which h t v lled, t k the other wa as ess tr ou esome and more fit at a me for y l bl , th t ti our d s resse om an and so la at a as er w o i t d c p y, y T dc t ; hich ur o n was re ea e the at m ouse at Newhall d i g v l d by child y h , ,

man m an u on a r a at n . In th in y iles dist t, p th t F id y ight e n at a a r o m e es au er and au efir T dc ste , b th y ld t d ght M d J ay ’ in ran in w t e saw s w e who t fell t ce, hich h y Dibb if , old

honour to the northern juries for discrediting these absurd tales ! And yet some of these weak and silly women had themselves only to thank

for the position they were placed in . They made a trade of their evil e w m n o reputation . They were the wis o e f the day. They professed n wl of me icine and coul recover len ro some k o edge d , d sto p perty. People s gave themmoney for their services. Their very threats brought ilver in into their cofi ers . It was to their terest to gain the ill name for which w r r ainl uni ml ac ui the sufi ered . e e e ce t or e at h y Th y y f y q tt d t e assizes, n ud ur or minis r coul ma but o j ge, or j y, te d ke the people generally w r innoc n Th e u believe that they e e e t . s perstition was too deeply ” rooted to b e easily eradicated .

Th e ju dges were now journeying fromYork to Lancaster on horse ac b wa of K nares orou and S i n b k y y b gh k pto , by th e best roads they find could , and none of them good . Th e assizes were held twice a M r in arch and Au u . yea , g st Of their duration it is not easy to speak r with ce tainty, but there seems to have been quite as much bu siness

r nsact as r r . to t a the e is at the p esent time. The circuit al ways com m n ed r e c wit Yo and never wit ancaster r A l . Th ourne s h k , h L o pp eby e j y of th e di spensers of the law in many respects resembled the progresses of fi royalty. The sheri s always escorted themwith a gallant train of gentlemen. 100 nmrononoeu :

h m that the ch was th a N w al an in t e ild en in trance t e h l , d mt W u reat e tre . e note the t me and oun at o r g x i y d i , f d it

comn ome to be true . u EADE how his ou i g h J dge, R R, t c ld an m ostur th dr r m be i p e, e chil en being so far divided f o eac ot er et e in t os assa s ha la at h h ; y t ll g h e p ge , t t I y a aste r w t m e es dau r the same n and T dc i h y ld t ghte ight, they in that to wn declaring in what case the child was at ’ home ; at which time also Dibb s wife told the two wenches she would meet us again the next day upon the moor ; w romse Mr . i on i ar of a as er earin the hich p i , Cl ft , v c T dc t , h g n es ec are he es re me r if him of the we ch d l , d i d to ce t y success the next day. n atur a the 6th of r l w a rom Tad O S d y, Ap i , e dep rte d f r and ro e wi o t an w ame caste , d th u y inte rruption until e c . m r o lin a o Clifi ord oor a m a . ere to C l gh , M , s so e c ll it Th h a e e n er a r w a t a n oo t e pl c b i g v y f i , e ligh to w lk o f t ; m se and m au er wa a one and ar En y lf y d ght lked l , Rich d g an m ser an led a ter us the orses u on w we l d, y v t, f h p hich f th m n w r or us a ou rode ; the rest o e co pa y e e bef e , b t ’ ’ f a a sa su en to t os twelve score . Je fr y s d ughter id dd ly h e ’ ’ that were with her that she saw Dibb s wife and Thorp s w ass t m and a the stran e woman wen ife p by he , th t g t n h to of a an w i a u t ere for a rea alo g t e p b k , hich s c st p h g t et er the rema ns as a e it of the n ren space tog h , ( i , I t k , i t ch

‘ ment of the rebels in that place encamped 1 2th Elizabeth)1 and she looked after them and told them they went ar s e en a r a and sto roun a o her and tow d H ll F i f x , od d b ut , declared on which side of her each of them severally t a nstan oo m r n now n stood . At h t i t I t k y ho se, ot k i g n n of the ma er and m man of er to t m a ythi g tt , y f ed se y

4 r Abou t 2 0 ya ds in advance, not that number of people, as has been erroneou sly supposed .

‘ 1 In the rebellion of the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreo ’ a ns the u een s land gai t Q au thority in 1569 , commonly called The ” Rising in the North . They were on thi s moor about th e 2oth of

November in that year, which was the limit of their march southward, n urne nort w and the ce they t d h ards, but we were not aware that they ’ threw up any entrenchments here. See Wordsworth s White Doe of

Rylstone.

102 DEMONOLO GIA

w m n and ese wor s w n rs oo o e e u e wha ass . , by th d d t d t p ed The horse was suddenly so troubled and unable to go orwar a the man was or e to a t n h f d th t f c d light , bu the is ase was worse for the w c es at on e r e u on him c , it h c od p , so that he could neither lead nor drive himbut with much en he stru in the sa d e and w r th difficulty . Oft ck d l he e e wenches said the witches sat ; at such times the women a o e the ows and ea e rom the orse who as on v id d bl l p d f h , l g as h was s ar e of t em w nt on but he oun not e di ch g d h e , f d m f t a us w t mu rou we am to uch o h t ease. Th i h ch t ble c e ’ arwoo to the ouse of Mr . a son w ere H d, h J ck , h they m t n er Mr if . I w r sen well ro e e e . on ere p e tly F h c c tifi d Cl t , o f a aster w a had asse as he re ues e the da T dc , h t p d , q t d, y or rom arwoo we e ar e and ro e on bef e. F H d d p t d , d till n th m rs a o a n urn r we came again upo e oo b ve St i b , whe e in ran e a a n and so ta e to the same wom n they fell t c g i , lk d e ' r an ran s Pullein s orse was use in th as befo e, d F ci h d e same manner again so with much ado we got home to

‘ my house about the setting of the sun. 1

r o is one of the neatest vill a es in th e count f Ha ew od g y o York, 5 miles west of ollin am seat of th e Earls of Har w about C gh , e ood , to m i ives title eir ma ni ficent mansion is situate in l r who t g . Th g a a ge and beautiful park ; the venerable church contains the tomb of the u e Sir William ascoi ne and th e isman l upright j dg G g , d t ed castle is a f h e no le amil of Aldb ur h on l r memorial o t b f y g , ce o ds of Harewood .

1 Th e route of th e poet Fairfax and hi s companions is pretty clearly e and a won rou s ri i w ul defined along this rid , d de t o d be to those who n d ul l h i n had their eyes Ope an co d see a l t e inc de ts of it . From York

r in sou rl di rec on b a ll - to Tadcaste , a the y ti , y we known road , 10 miles ; then they turned westward, travelling up the southern side of the f w lifi ' river Wharfe by way o Ne ton Kyme, over C ord Moor, (Boston n uilt t en to ollin am 6 miles t ence to Har w was ot b h ) C gh , ; h e oo d , 5 mil es ; here they turned a little to th e right and crossed the river W ar e at Harewoo ri e ence b wa of Dun eswi W s n h f d B dg ; th y y k ck, e to , and R ub o th e unenclos For s of nar s r u n y, t ed e t K e bo o gh , o Stainburn Moor ; thence by mere trackways m th e heath past the rocks of Little Almi as r Cliff to Norwood , whe e we suppose they parted company with Maud Jeffray ; thence by way of Rowton Wath across th e river Wash all a ur r dis f burn to Newh , f the tance o about 11 mil es, making about l Th oth er rou e r m o b f 32 miles in a l . e t f o Y rk y way o Knaresborough mil s Th mil f woul be a out 28 e . e es o Fai r a are lon ones d b f x g , h e says e s is ten miles distant romNew all w ereas i is a l a 1 L ed f h , h t t e st 5 miles. A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT .

’ This accident concerning Pullein s horse is such as the s rsar es the l ren a e I t n anno te greate t adve i chi d h v , hi k, c t ll " what Bancks could instruct him to play his part so well in the imposture ; if he did counterfeit and combine with n h was ust un s e for his na er for the childre , e j ly p i h d k v y , f s I am sure he was er e to a e e for man o thi , v y lik h v di d y m m s a ter but at the ast he re o ere in so e easure . week f , l c v d Ridiculous are they that think the horse could combine n h ra and w e e uest on the rut f i t e p ctice , ick d if th y q i t h o man oa s a onfirme s art u ar w so . thi p ic l , hich y th h th c d On u s a th 9th of r I was s an n in th T e d y, e Ap il , t di g e or th or of m ouse and m court yard bef e e p ch y h , y eldest ’ au r was w me who sa she see s w d ghte ith , id did Dibb ife ’ ome o er the r er and hor s w e ome anot er c v iv , T p if c h way h m t am n ar r an own the . S e o e e e e e d near r d hill t ld h y c e , and w ere e were unt t e ame us to us sa n h th y il h y c j t , yi g, ” n o her th rm Now they are here . The I t ok by e a and l n h s n an o she an ed h er i to t e hou e . I st tly b th d her sister ’ w r in tran e in w s W e o e n e e c , hich Dibb if t ld H lle that she ’ wou a the of n Pullein s rs ld h ve life Joh child fi t, then of

Bankes was a celebrated horse trainer in th e reign of Qu een H Ma o Eliza t . is cele rate ancin orse rocc w be h b d d g h , as in 1596 exhibited in S otlan and in 1 00 in LondOn h e woul no m l c d , 6 ; d t ere y dance to mu b u r stor a l ve o h r r own sic , t e e g o t t e p ope er after hi s master had ’ whispered the man s name in his ear ; he would al so tell the number of pence in any piece of silver coin merely shown him by his master ; and r o many other mo st rema kable and alm st incredible feats . Thi s horse wn r w b was also sho in F ance, here y way of stimul ating popular curiosity Bankes professed to believe that th e animal was a spirit in

e uine or . is owever h ad ver nearl led to un leasant cons q f m Th , h , y y p e uences in raisin an al arm t at t ere was som q , g h h ething diabolic in

the case . Bankes very dexterou sly saved himself for this once by cau sin the orse to select a man rom a crow wit a cro ss on his h g h f d h at , and p ay homage to the sacred emblem ; c alling on all to observe that nothing satanic could have been induced to perform such an act of ir reverence. S Walter Ral eigh thou ght Bankes worthy of mention in f r n his History o the Wo ld , sayi g that If Bankes had lived in ol n times he woul ave s ame all the enc anters of h l de d h h d h t e wor d, for who soever was mo st famou s amongst them could never master or ” n l i instru ct a beast as he did . Sir Ke e mD gby mentions thi s horse in “ f ies and a s e ll his Treatise o Bod , Sh ke p are a u des to him as the ” ’ ” d ncin orse ve a ur os Ac I Sc a g h , in Lo s L bo L t, t ., ene II . 104 DEMONOLO GIA

’ au efira and a a er s w e al as E z M d J y ; th t Sl t if , i li abeth Dickonson et oo of m ttle au er nn , did g bl d y li d ght , A e a rfa w means t e ew t h F i x, by hich h y did b i ch er to death . Also the same day they saw the white cat which then o e en t at she was the s ran e woman s s r and t ld H ll h t g pi it, so had een went ears t at her name was Fillie w b t y y h , hich ’ sh had ear on r 2 e e e o e the th of e ruar . h d c b f , 5 F b y Thorp s w e a so i t a tran e a eare un o t m at if l n h t c pp d t he , which me two women rom Lee s e n ten m s s n ti f d , b i g ile di ta t, ’ ame nto h u or s w a arn c i t e ho se . Th p ife w s e est with e en to te her who t ese wom n w r and H ll ll h e e e, told her a one of t em was fine in a stuff t at f r th t h , pet ico ; o she ou not te who t e were for she new not of t c ld ll h y , k heir ’ omn n in ran e e or e ame in . r c i g, bei g t c b f e th y c Tho p s wife sa w n w r t r id she o uld k o befo e she went . Af e a while her s r the r ame to her w th w she had a e pi it bi d c , i hich littl r a e s ee and en she sa to the wen a on p iv t p ch , th id ch th t e of ’ ese women was her n e art n s w e an the o th U cl M i if , d ther a woman that did use to buy and sell butter : all of whlch was wom n ear t ese t n s con ern n true . The e h d h hi g c i g them se ves and won er at the manner of and e en w n l , d ed it ; H ll he she ame t r r m m an o f t em won ere a m c o he e e br ce h , d d s uch t s e em r s da m son W am saw the ar o e th the e . Thi y y illi h e a a n in th os a Birklands as his t e s s g i e cl e c lled , li tl i ter ore o the 4th of r f t ld Ap il . ’ ha or s w e at the rs new not ese women T t Th p if fi t k th , it showeth that it was her person indeed which appeared unto h r n and t ere or t a her now e e w n t e child e , h f e h t k l dg as ot exceeding the capacity of any other women ; being ignorant who the women were until her spirit informed her of r sh rse had een a s r she ha n them; fo if e he lf b pi it, d ot her n e en e needed anotherdevil to give i t llig c . ’ W nes a the l oth of r b s w e am n On ed d y, Ap il , Di b if c e i to ’ n and a an e u on m au ter Hellen s the kitche , l id gg p y d gh and s o w her six or se en e s more and to her knee , h ed v gg , ld a a en o ur of t em out o f an ark in the am er she h d t k f h ch b , ’ ’ and that she had got the other four at John Jefl ray s on rin of s es to is ef e u ere b house . Up hea g peech th f ct tt d y

106 DEMONOLOGIA

u no t do for a her ru en ss woman co ld , th t d e had not made

t w th suc t n s so she s a e a her acquain ed i h hi g , p k ccording to

’ s a the l 6th of r s w e a On Tue d y. Ap il , Dibb if ppeared to s a ter and to her t a she s ow my elde t d ugh . ld h t did h herself o her in the li eness of an old man the water s t k , by ide , s w m to N whall to when she wa ne ly co e e dwell . She “ I r m m er we t at I saw ere a man answere d . e e b ll h th wi th h woman sa she had a heard a a lo ng heard. T e id t home w t o n s met mes as t en w en she a eare un hich she pu o i . h h pp d to ' her by the river s side like the old man At which time e v s of brea two for her n she had ther four loa e d , a d her wo f h r ro t ers Wi am a r a sister. a nd t or e b h lli F i f x and f These oaves she set all u on the wa Edward Fair ax. l p ter, wher e the two that were for her and her sister sank to o o t on t em b ut the oa es the bo tto m. and s she g h ; l v for e e m and because t e woul not s n her lw thr n did swi . h y d i k o o urt r she sa she co uld get n p wer on them. F he id that v af s e ut a ro of oo and h upon e ery lo h p d p bl d, if t e blood t e woul a e had t water had change d the . h y d h v heir lives ; but the blood did not change but remained in the s w was firs t ut in the wa e r a same state a hen it p t , nd o e o l n ot k ll t em bu t onl trou e there f r they c u d i h y bl them. Further she dec lare d that she was one o f them that witche o death Anne Fairfax m ttle au e r a be d t , y li d ght , nd rep orted that upon a Friday in Oc tober she came to the s w e l was nurs ed and took a tim w hou e her the chi d , e hen th m l f us e were abroa an th all e pi p e o the ho d, d e child and ‘ a th fant o f th nurse s were e t alone n no er in e l f , lyi g in s m veral le . She stood before the sh sai se crad , e d, and sh we h rse lf to themw t the beard u n her o d e i h po face, and a great knife in her hand : at which sight the children

' shri ke out and w r e s o afl t tha t e d . e righ ed t hey to o k sick ‘ ’ n s thereu on of w h th n s hil v es p . hic e urs e c d reco ered hard nd m dau t r h T a aft ly. a y gh e died t e uesd y er ; indeed in strange sort by bleeding at wh ile and so und parts of her bod w ere the b ood b k o ut to t a y, h l ro e he dmiration of all such as saw it. A mscouasu ON wrrcucsk rr . 107

’ I take the tale of Dibb s wife of the loaves to be like the vision of Elizabeth Bentley of the women s washing o es and th s a o f th sa r n s en a o cl th , e h pes e id child e e b ut her as a oresa and t ese to be eremon es e and nee f id, h c i idl dless, b ut in respect o f the contract between the devil and the wit es it is e e we n essar r ums an es to ch , lik th y re ec y ci c t c be o serve em and mts u on the o n or om b d by th , li i p d i g itting of w h w ereo t eir re a n e en e for th s hic h f h p v ili g d p d d , e i sue s owe th rut o f t a m at n o f t e r ow r h h d e t h h t li it io h i p e . T e two o s es e a the oun er were a tem e u n b y , p ci lly y g , t pt d po , as some art u ars we s o we but t e re a e not p ic l ll h d ; h y p v il d , ne t er had t h ow m au t rs ut on i h hey t e p er to kill y d gh e , b ly to amt t em in su h stran e sort as o u ave ear ic h c g y h h d , and shall hear more : from which God in his mercy hath n w o trus t m. , I t, delivered he On urs a the l oth of r the ren were o Th d y , Ap il , child b th of t em ma e n the cat and so on nue unti h d bli d by , c ti d l ’ r a at n ne o o t en t e r si was res or F id y i cl ck ; h h i ght t ed. They were to ld that all the witches had a feast at Timble ' : e r mea was roas e a ou m n t th Gill th i t t d b t id igh . At e

A m e s this re arkable feast took plac e at Timbl Gill , we determined to e l r len nd e if w l find an e l xp o e th e g , a se e cou d y plac therein suitab e

for suc a ur ose . Sel c in da n rin little arli r h p p e t g a y i sp g , a. e e in th e ’ ear n l y than that o whi ch th e witches feast took p ace , we approached the spot from th e vill age of Great Timble (from whi ch it is distant about

- rr half ap mile in a southerly direc tion) , down a na ow lane call ed Th e ” ridl e d a er ld r s and mu in h s B Road , an v y o oad it i , ch t e ame state as l n when the wit ches and their master p assed a o g it to feast in th e Gill .

- It has been frequented in old times by pack horses only, and towards n h si th e brook is deeply worn into the grou d , t e banks on each de over

‘ r wn wil r and the e es a ove almost touchi n each g o with d flowe s . h dg b g h ttom is h roo or e other, form an arcade of foliag e. At t e bo t e b k , b ck , mm l h w o s b or or wa . e iate a ove t e or t r hich is cr s ed y a f d , th I d y b f d , h ee n n h c rr n slender brookl ets unite their streams, and eve the t e u e t is not e of cl w a powerful one. Thi s ford is th e scene of a l gend the ass hich

ul r and w ic ol a. lac Edward Fairfax wo d have eadily believed , h h h ds p e in n s a o a man of the name of War man ru stic belief even now . Ma y year g , d , was mo st foully murdered at thi s plac e by a blow on the head with the l o erw s aunte the scene of butt end of a gun . His rest ess gh st aft ard h d r ll r wh w re so un ortunate a s to ass his mu rder, ter ifying trave e s o e f p ll at l n ecame suc a nuisance that way after nightfa . This gho st e gth b h (flew-bogle was th e word u sed) that a determination was come to by the 108 nzsnouonocm

u er end of th ta t m e e eat e r as r viz. th vi pp bl h i te , , e de l, at . ’ the ower end s w e who r i e for th a a l Dibb if , p ov d d e fe st, nd was the cook : and therefore that she could not come to the c i dren t a da It was ru a h n h l h t y. t e th t t e childre that da saw her not but the ne da e n oo r a y ; xt y, b i g G d F id y , ’ the saw her and the s otte cat n es ar ar Wa s y , p d I g , M g et it s ri wh ta t th pi t , ich lked o e little child and told her whose s ir t she was a h name p i , nd er .

vill agers to have it conjured down to keep the peace ; and a Romis h riest was em o e for t at ur ose wh overcame he sim lici of p pl y d h p p , o t p ty th i f e poor wanderer of th e night by th e old tr ck o a burning c andle . I on n b s oul be urnt w n t c se ted to e bou nd down until th e candl e h d b , he n the wily conjuror threw it into a deep hole in the brook , so that it ever wan could be burnt, and th e poor gho st never more have liberty to der

r . l ab oad Th e Gill , or glen , is neither remarkab y deep nor wide , th e narrow strip of woodl and which frin ges the sides of the watercourse is sel om m r an 1 across hil th e t of the ravine is d o e th 00 yards , w e e d p h o l w rn b w r a m nly about 100 feet . It h as evident y been o y ate t so e

s al e . The stream remote period , chiefly through beds of sandy h is n si s f th len very crooked a d generally very rapid. Th e de o e g are l e im er in som c othed principally with a growth of nativ t b , e plac es n h s o ers rea wi a i termixed with larches . Al l t e ground wa v p d th carp et o f e c un les u s wood an mone in full bloom, intermingled with o t s tho an ds

f rimr s s ile th acin and for -m -not were s rin in u o p o e , wh e hy th get e p g g p oot a cr s e ready to su pply a sec ond bloom of beauty . A f p th o s s th e stream in one plac e by means of a bridge made of th e trunk of a single in on u n s of masonr of t ree , without any han drail , rest g up ab tme t y th e r h onl l mo st primitive kind . A little lowe down is t e y p ace where we thought it lik ely that the witches and their master could have spread l am ru ns clo to th nor ern si e f their tab e . There th e stre se e th d o the l n an h rm a cliff of lac s ale of consi era le i g e , d as fo ed b k h d b he ght overhun g with oaks and other forest trees ; on the opposite side is a f r un s m ent r t r ar s in eac piece o level g o d o e tw y o hi ty y d h direction, which would afi ord them spac e to sit and eat ; but if they indulged much in dancing afterwards there is not roomenough in the glen ; they s would have to do it on broomstick in the air above. We followed the glen and its streaml et until th e sides of the first subsided and were lost l e f the Was urn and he la ter min le i el in the wider va l y o hb , t t g d ts f with l a n wal i w h roo m kin m th e same stream. A p e sa t k t as, t e b k a g u sic below and the birds pouring out much louder music above ; around were and ills all ali e leasin we coul ardl onc i flowers, woods, h , k p g ; d h y c e ve a scene more unfitted for Lthe purpose by which it is said above to have

been desecrated.

0 better were its banks assigned s l To pirits of a gent er kind ,

110 b m ouometi t

a a to ms f a bones. If it be true that the devil c n t ke hi el ’ man s o or can ma e one of se era mem ers for his b dy, k v l b own use as I note ore t a so me nes h n en ( d bef h t divi t i k) , th th n r t f t ha not n sat s e e i c eduli y o he Apostles d thus bee i fi d , ut man t ns m ave n ere t e r e e and b y objec io ight h hi d d h i b li f, it had not been sufli cient for Christ to present himself to their touch but he used it as the most powerful argument to ersua e t em sa n It is m sel — ee And w en p d h , yi g, y f f l h the ou ulness of omas re u re the e assuran e He d btf Th q i d lik c , came a a n us n the same means and no ot er to on rm g i , i g , h c fi him. If there had been any colour of avoiding this er a n no ou he wh sou to si t and w nnow th c t i ty, d bt o ght f i e Apostles would have presented it to their weak faith : but s s m u f thi topped his o th or ever . So the feeling o f these women by the children may non uss all ea ers for aa and ma e em e t er i pl pl d B l , k th i h y eld

to ruth r for s ame no on er bar a a ns . t , o h l g k g i t it ’ On We nes a the 24th of r e en saw s d d y , Ap il, H ll Dibb w e wh ol her she had een at or to s ea th if , o t d b Y k p k wi t em in the as e and t at all the w tches mee on h c tl , h i did t

on a to on er wit the mas er in w a sort t r M d y, c f h t h t o p oceed in bewitching of the children ; but he could tell them no

o er wa but w a t e now . n r th y h t h y did Helle eplied , That is because God will not suffer him. That day again in the a ternoon t e were oth in ran e and a et f h y b t c , Eliz b h the ’ l saw b s w e and es re to ee her bu chi d, Di b if , d i d f l , t could “ ’ not t ere ore she sa ou art not b s w e t , h f id , Th Di b if , hou ” ’ art the black cat in her likeness ! Then Dibb s wife ame a so in her o wn eness w erea e en oo e c l lik , h t H ll l k d up “ ’ ” n sa W at ? two b s w es ! h a d id, h Di b iv S e felt the one “ ’ sa ou art s w n and id , Th Dibb ife i deed Then she offere to ee the o her b ut ou not and her d f l t c ld , t efore said, “ u art th a Tho e bl ck cat. At this time also appeared ’ or s w e w om the ren ou not a Th p if , h child c ld feel , nd there “ ’ ore sa ou art not or s w — f id, Th Th p ife, thou art the ’ ew ! en T or s wi e erse ame w om T hit Th h p f h lf c , h they ’ fe so for a ime t ere a are lt, t h ppe d two Thorp s wives. Fur er at the nstan ere a eare the s ran e woman th , i t th pp d t g , h A ms uasn u wrros oaArr 1 1 1 oo o .

but ou not be e . sa d u art a s r t not c ld f lt They i , Tho pi i , s the strange woman . She then turned unto the likene s n oman of a white cat called Fillie . Then the stra ge w ’ ’ am a B t herself c s lso . u amongst these Thorp s wife s s r wen awa in her sha and tu ne not nto the pi it t y pe, r d i ’ r and or s w e sa I s al n t d as the o er bi d, Th p if id , h l o o th ” t v spirits did . Bu she said that she was ery angry that she o u not ru e her s ir t ut a wou ome in c ld l p i , b th t it ld c ’ her likeness . And Dibb s wife wept because the black cat took her shape ; but the strange woman said she

wou not be nown. a t sa art in a r d ld k Eliz be h id, Thou e e oa and a blue waistcoat and a ruf an and a p ttic t, . “ , f b d , r - a c oss cloth on thy he d . The woman was angry because ’ she es r e her a are so a d c ib d pp l . Al Dibb s wife at th t time s w m n in h r n o e so e e a an sa t wa o n . h d thi g h d, d id i s p iso ” He en ut or her an and sa La it in m an ll p f th h d , id , h d , “ y y w m w e ear n sa W li hich y if h i g, id , ould she would e it in h m ” er an t a he s w th u . h d, h t it ight ho ed before e j dges ’ W erea s w e re use t i t e en sa n h t Dibb if f d o give t o H ll , yi g

What a picturesque witch was this strange woman ! She woul d l ll f h fir l su re y be th e be s o t e evening , and st toast at the Timb e Gill ’ supper party . Dr . Harsnst s description of a witch is coarseness i s om - t elf c pared to h er . He describes h er a s an old weather beaten r n n c in c o e, havi g her h and her knees meeting for age , walking on a

bow leanin on a stafl ollow-e un o urr w on h r c , g , h yed , to thed , f o ed e fa e , avin h er li s rem lin wi th al s in mum lin in h h g p t b g th e p y, go g b g t e r a r o n a t r ost r w st eets : one that h th fo g tte her p e n e , and yet hath a shre h l tongue to call a drab a dra b. If s e hath earned of any old wife in a. d Paar Maw Far fo i chimney en , , , r a spell ; or can say S r John Gran ’ ’ ’ tham s c urse for the mill ar s sels All ye that have stolen th e millar s

' eels la uda te Dominu m de coeus and all they tha t have consented ’ B i mus Domi r ene d ca no . Wh the eto y, then , beware, look about ye, my

n i rs . an of ou av a s s f ies r a h e ghbou If y y h e heep ick o the gidd , o og r ors f h r n of the mumps , o a h e o t e stagge s, or a k avish b oy of the r idl e irl of the w l school , o an g hee , or a young drab of the sull ens, or n fa enou for her ort a e r u r nou f h hath ot t gh p g , o b tte e gh or er bread , h a a little el of the e ile s or r m h and s e h th h p p p y, c a p , to teach er to roll h s wr h r mout na s h er teet ta le with her o l er eye , y e h , g h h , s rt b dy, ho d Mo r Nobbs her arms and hands stifi , &c . , and then an old the hath e call e h r i d le ou n h ou sew e or bid th evil scratc her by chanc d e y g if , e d h ; Moth r No un irl i then no doubt b ut e bbs is the witch , and the yo g g s ” - d S r n l u i f o s f r owl blaste , &c . t o g ang age th s or a divine t u e, o such nd Ar i f rk Dr . Harsnett was, a chb shop o Yo from1620 to 1631 . $3 :

c unln nr s cmmr- t m fl m ' mm m md l h t d re did

M fi m cf snw fl m b ozi and nnm d thm although th eir c aming l mme m m lr nnknon m any in my

On Th ursday he 2nd of y - . t m Ma . y b ugli ter Hellen ’ w as take n aw ay (as she after war ds rep orted) by Dibb s ' wife an d Th o s w r i fe. wh o to ok her o ut of the p entry, ’ ca rri e her to v d the ri e r. and put her into it ; and Tho rp s

in b ut she ot fro m them and r , g . eturning to wards the o use in the w a she fell in a deathl trance w i I h , y y , in h ch fo un her and did marv l d , e to see her clo thes wet ; so I cause her to be ro u t nto the o u d b gh i h se , and she on e to erse f and to us as afo res a r h l , ld id . Sho tly after my w e hea r o ne co u in the utter if d gh b y , o f whic h the door was t en shut a , nd sent e en to see who it wa h H ll s, and ’ ere she oun b s w fe eat n a ru t th f d Dib i i g c s of bread . ’ On r da the 3rd of Ma F i y , y, Dibb s wife came to Hellen in the tch n e , and s ow her an old ki did h silver spoon . It be n g er e ve tha she wou al in tran i p c i d t ld f l ce, her uncle Mart n La o oo th w n i yc ck t k e e ch and set her upon his

114 DEMONOLOGIA

’ oor to oo at the s oon and w o d l k p , Dibb s ife pened the door a nd ran away . bo u the 1 3th 1 4th l 6th and 1 8th o f Ma th dr n A t , , , y, e chil e in tran e saw zabet e r nd th h r r t c Eli h Fl tche , a e boy e spi i , r and ar are “a t and the cat n s her s r and M g t i , I ge pi it, the stran e woman the a cat and th w g , bl ck , e Te hit also a stran e monster and a r and lor o us rson who g , b ight g i pe ,

' carried the little one away to wards the water ; but they had ttle ta w t an of e li lk i h y th se . On the 22nd of Ma the a cat a ar t y, bl ck ppe ed o Hellen, and we t so sore at the tea an wn p th rs r do . Therefore she sa ou art not the a cat for the cat anno id Th bl ck , c t wee but the ears run o wn rom thee t re r in p, t d f , he fo e b e ” thine own likeness. Also she felt the cat and said ou art not the cat for I n Th feel thee . The the cat was ’ an e nto b s w e who sa h w f h ch g d i Di b if , id s e ept or er

'

au ter . or s w e who was sen to ao a d gh , viz , Th p if , t g l th t m day ; and the black cat ca e then also . On ursda the 3oth of Ma e n s ens on Da Th y, y, b i g A c i y, Hellen Fairfa x going out at the kitchen door was suddenly ’ ta n awa or s wi e and the a cat and arr e . ke y by Th p f bl ck , c i d o ut at the a oor and so o er a rea t e b ck d , v g t quickse h dge

e in the ouse and so towards the arn . At at m b h d h , b th ti e she saw omas orrest and omas arr son who a Th F Th H i , lso

‘ saw her and wondered at her going there alone . The w men sa e see thee ome ac a a n and so o id , Th y , c b k g i ; h n brought her back towards t e house . The me seeing her W ’ a went awa . en e were o n or s w e go b ck y h th y g i g, Th p if and the cat carried her over the water above Rowton ’ e and o er a o me s roun then o er the bridg , v R lph H l g d, v r and so rou the e s a a n and rosse Braim moo , th gh fi ld g i , c d e ’ n a o e r er s ouse t en o er the reat er La e, b v C y h , h v g hill th e, ' rosse the fie s on the nort s e of ater s ous and so c d ld h id Sl h e , ‘ and to the high moor on that side upon a hill . There she

This excursion of Hellen Fairfax and the witches was in an easterly

direction from Newhall , do wn the valley of the Washburn towards e r across the water u h o r i f Rowton bridg , the e . p t e the s de o the vall ey n r l n r into Norwood, then p assing ea B a d Hill , whe e Ralph Holmes at ' ' A Disca sn ON wrrcs omr r. 115

’ n o e her amon s w om was s saw many wome t g t , g t h Dibb man w h an wo ho ad a rea f r r . wife and the str ge , g t i e the e t a m an came a woman in re ot es who From h t co p y g y cl h , ' nd w n n o a r s ous a passed by her a e t i t Sl te h e, At th t an a au effra ame to her and instant, it ch ced th t M d J y c , r in t at stat er r h r m marvelled to see her the e h e . H b ot e ca e ’ en his s s er o him t at she saw or s wi e also , wh i t t ld h Th p f a eat one on one s e and the ot r and the bl ck , id he on the W r n h h s e r n her. e eu o e wen and o ot er id , b i g h p t t ok hold ’ h r and led her owar s his at er s hous of e , t d f h e, which Th cat e t was not far distant . e l f her and went to the ’ om an but hor s w e o owe em to the o us c p y, T p if f ll d th h e, where bo th the wenches fell in trance ; in which Hellen was in so rea e remt of s ness and we so sor g t xt i y ick , pt e, a e ou she wou a e e and a f th t th y th ght ld h v di d, c lled or n ur en nr company of some eighbo s. Th He y Jeffray came with all speed running to advertise me at my house of the a n and oun me w t ot ers in mu ar ccide t ; f d i h h ch c e, seeking the woo s and waters for her eas she somewa r d , l t y pe ished,

a in f r her oss. s news m I nd sorrow g o l Thi co forted us. ’ oo some w t me and wen to ef ra s ouse w ere th t k i h , t J f y h , h e ’ children were both in trance ; in which Thorp s wife told Maud Jeffray all the manner how she had carried my daughter away ; which report I noted from her mouth there ; and my daughter also when she was restored to her m r e s n on rme the sa e . en rou t I pe f ct e ses, c fi d Th b gh her ome and the wa she s o we me the wa sh h , by y h d y e had asse w was o er e es and ffi u t a es f p d ; hich v h dg di c l pl c , or h a a a m The tim wa a t e sp ce of more th n ile . e s lso so short betwixt her takn out of the house and her being found on the moor t a was n t ss e she s ou o t , h t it o po ibl h ld g thi her in so s or a s a e h t p c . A so the same da at n t m t e au er a l y, igh , y lit l d ght Eliz beth m that time dwelt ; then across B raime Lane, whi ch is the na e home by part of the high road leading from Pateley Bridge to Otley ; then ou t n r upon the open moor, and finally to a high bill at no great di sta ce f om ’ min n n w calle John Jsfiray s hou se. The high hill might be the e e ce o d nc men and the The Bank, site of an old British villag e or entre h t ; distance fromNewhall nearly a mile and a half in a straight line. 1 1 6 nm oxonom :

’ w r s w but ma n ria to ee ou not sa Tho p ife , ki g t l f l it c ld . Then it turned into the shape o f her black cat ; and beside w u n i e r a she ee and it sto o d th e bird : hich po l k t i l, did f l, ai n h ew t — turn n o t ne o wn s d, Tho u art ot t e T hi , i t hi ” l en An resentl the r was urne n o the ik ess. d p y bi d t d i t T a the 4th of une the a strange woman . On uesd y, J , bl ck t he tc en and u on tr a she ca came to Hellen in t ki h , p i l did eel t w e it to stan u in its own eness b ut f i , and ill d d p lik , it oul n m w fe arose rom her sea and the cat w d not. The y i f t, sat down upon her chair and cushion ; when the wench n h r ofi it and sa t a she wou was angry a d did baist e , id h t ld ’ r t at th at w she M ed to be s shut the doo , h e c , hich Dibb

w e ou not o awa . en the oor was s u if , sh ld g y Th d h t by

a ore o use who ear ose s ee es. In the Eliz beth M h , h d th p ch nd th at c m u the mne as a cat ot m e , e c did li b p chi y, d h cli b ’ u a t and wen out a t the mne s to . p pos , t chi y p ’ W nes a the 5 th of une or s w e in the On ed d y, J , Th p if rr en awa but the wen w n garden came to ca y Hell y , ch e t r m a and so a o e her and we an f o alley to lley, v id d , pt d a w t a h I ear and ame t h m de a noise i h l ; w ich h d, c o er el and ou t her the n o o use w ere the woman h p, br gh i t h , h told her that the time when she carried her away before ’ h r mot er us she u to arr her to e s o e . p rposed c y h h , viz , ’ ’ s ouse w er the w t es a e a eas a Dibb wife s h , h e i ch h v f t nd

fi' W en wi c es sir to b e u rnis e wi r wine r h the t h de ed f h d th bee or , o any in of a in t e d m l ain th g th t k d , h y ha ere y to ascert who in their vicinity

was rovi e wit t ese rin a les . on p d d h h d k b Thi s d e, the witch stu ck a kn i e into he wall lace a ail un rn a ca r f t , p d p de e th , cut a few pe s and muttered some gibberish ; thereu pon whatever liquid was mentioned streamed plenti q y from the knife handl e until the vessel was full or r ir m An d t u l th e rese vo e pty . hey s pp ied their other wants m similar

s ion . The evi ence of E mun Ro in n of n r fa h d d d b so , Pe dle Fo est , taken m in h at a i a t e reat ancas ire witc case Feb . l oth 1633 is so P d h , g L h h , , , directly to the point that we give an extract from it Then M edia ately the said Dickenson wife tooke this informer before h er u pon he sai orse and carri him n ou t d h , ed to a ew h se called Hoarestones, n e a ou a u ar r of mil 0 3 w er w n w r bei g b t q te a e , hith he they e e come, r r r the e we e divers pe sons about the doors . and h ee sawe diverse oth ers oominge ridinge u pon horses of severall colours towards th e said u e w r ors s ho s , hich tyed thei h e to a hedge neare to the sed house, and n which persons went i to the sed house, to the number of threesoore or

1 18 na nos ommx

read the same Psalm again ; and by offering the book to the cat t e dro e it out of the h se and o er th r h y v ou v e iver. ’ And the next day again Thorp s Wife carried away Elizabeth towards the water ; but her mo ther and others o o we and ro u h h f ll d, b g t er back . On a ur a the 20th of une th l ren were b th in S t d y, J , e chi d o

ran e e en was wor n net- wor and her r an t c H ll ki g k , ight h d was so taken that she held the needle only with her two east fin ers an e she wron and her mot er l g . By ch c did g, h f t el her to s t th o fered o h p e her right again. At last e bible was a u o n her nee w sh saw and resent e l id p k hich e , p ly l ft her work and sought her sister who was brought to her ;

n she rea the 7 l st sa m and the sa a er her the d P l , child id ft verbatim; which being finished they were both well In this trance they saw the black cat ; and that day at ’ ’ dinner Hellen saw the image of Thorp s wife s face in a

r ow as stoo efore her on the a e . silve b l , it d b t bl n r a the 2oth of une a stran er ame un o me O F id y, J , g c t L n on a man who had ne er een in the ountr from o d , v b c y fo r and was nown on to m se and to none e se in be e, k ly y lf, l m m n i h l ren in ran arts. s an o n t e e these p Thi c i g , chi d t c rom w enc he ame and t at his name was o n told f h e c , h J h W ams w c was rue et no erson t ere had ear illi hi h t , y p h h d m r his name but m se on Mr. W ams se ea s y lf ly . illi hi lf h d thi r am and was g eatly azed . On on a the 24th of une e n summer Da M d y, J , b i g Mid y,

m au ter e en omn t rou the en r 9. w e a y d gh H ll c i g h gh t y , hit c t a u on her at her a e w she ea own and le ped p , f c ; hich b t d her into the a and dro e her nto the m followed h ll , v i chi ney ‘ am n st the r n ou s and w t a rod e t h r o g g ee b gh , i h k p e in not let h r ome ort at an n f t and would e c f h y e d o hem. At ast she too a n fe and stab e w t it at the cat bu th l k k i b d i h , t e cat too the n e out of her an and a it own k k if h d , l id d in

‘ m r sh t anot er a e a tt e stance ro w e e e o . h pl c , li l di f h ok it en a do ame nto the a w c the wenc s t u on Th g c i h ll , hi h h e p

It is yet th e cu stom in country plac es to fill the grate or fireplace when not needed in the summer season with branches of some evergreen . mso ssn O rrcs caAr 'r 19 A ou N w . 1

t The do rus e n o the ou s but resen the ca . g h d i t b gh p tly ’ la s and she saw the cat at ast o of the o s y till, c ch f h ld d g who ot romthe cat at as but wou no more ome neck , g f l t, ld c th mn en the cat went awa a so and u on near e chi ey . Th y l p ’ Fr a a er or s w e too awa a e but om an id y ft Th p if k y Eliz b th , c p y

owe and rou her a a n. foll d, b ght g i ’

On a ur a the 29th of une e n . e er s da S t d y , J , b i g St P t y, ’ Thorp s wife in the morning came and peeped into the ham er w er th h ren were in bed and He en saw c b h e e c ild , ll her a e on for she was all o ere w t a a t in f c ly , c v d i h bl ck h g

ma e e a own. he had in on an a a r and i d lik g S e h d d gge , n the t er a reat n e w t wh she assau t e en o h g k if , i h ich did l H ll , m n h and reatene to her. he was a erse rea th d kill S ki g lf dy, and then fled into the great chamber ; the woman followed and ase h r ro m a to a e and or he ch d e f pl ce pl c , f ced r into her own chamber again ; and then she cried so loud that myself and my wife (being in bed in ano ther parlour e ow ear her and in rea has e ame to h r an b l ) h d , g t t c e , d oun her wee n ra in and r n out at th w m f d pi g, p y g c yi g th e o an killed her with a knife . Then she w as fallen in trance as we perceived ; but she could not be appeased till I took the e and rea and ra e es e her and bibl d p y d b id , so she shortly became quiet . She took the book and her little s ster a et ame to her and ra e her to rea an i Eliz b h c , p y d d, d a nstan she a so n at th t i t l fell i trance . After some time s nt in ra er for t em t e ot oo e u and pe p y h , h y b h l k d p began ’ to ta to or s w e and to her r an to the lk Th p if bi d , d black ’ cat w t e affirme to be s w e an not th , hich h y d Dibb if , d e ’ cat or s w e ut off the - a oure armen and . Th p if p ill f v d g t

was in her usua a t. She to em she wou n w l h bi ld th ld o , l the ass es do the worst she ou f r she wou ti l iz , c ld , o ld not be hanged for nothing ; and that they would accuse others in the parish that should hang as well as they ; that her w s a w tc and t at h mot er a er s s e r at m e . h i h , h i t Ti bl , viz , ’ a s w e was a w c for her m r n l Bre k if , it h , othe wo uld ot et her be quiet until she yielded to b e a witch ; that Elizabeth er had een a w tch e er s n e her mot er e ut Fletch b i v i c h di d , b sh had en o er and ra eart to now e giv v , p yed h ily God to ' 13 6 I n f-S r 2 1 A

' h a d n o w w e : a nd fun M Pla cher doth m i n: M a th f air m d t i fl mvar he s witc h

o fi m k n w imh m d h ad drme mufi ng é noe the fime

l a strange y m d fi n : fi sh e h sd n ot ble d she h d not died . M u sh e mld fnn l nhn Je fin v hnd h een five fi mes at a

' ‘ ’ Wm s an d than ti me‘ scuneshin in Hellen s mouth g , w v h m tfme r m d made h rv sick. Then s hich . er e e

sta e d behind her and willed that m d uld follo y . so ebo y sho w and tnke her md he w ould for m . the ti e fomnke her.

—Not far henoe dofl l dwell

And u ge opinion s of th e moon sell s ;

On deep imporh n ces r epair ;

And linen slinks out of the way ; ’ When and n du geese polle are se c d , ’ And so ws of su cking pig s are cho us d ;

W en m re h urrian ig ns in hogs o r sheep, And chicken s lang uish of the pip ; W en a and o w h ye st ut ard means do fail , And have no power to work on ale ; W en r oes r u h butte d ef se to come, And love proves cro ss and humoursome ; e To himwith qu stions, and with W e ’ ” e for discov r oc r n Th y y fl k , o cu ri g .

it t c f tin h l he d n sed her qn e w e l. Xm as w the ost

Thwe am the pnrfi cnh rs o f the afl icfiom o f my poor

are confirmed alread b the oaths of m self and famil y y y y, f nei hbours and stran ers as sa w m and o such g g d heard . And they are also given in evidence in two sundry assizes v al uries consistin o f kni hts man and two se er j , g g , y justi ces and ot er entlemen o f ualit w ose n of peace , h g q y , h co

w h and ha t ese wo men were the o ffender be iw ed, t t h s, that em and ut t em on t e r r a s they indicted th p h h i t i l , and showed themselves fully persuaded that both the indict ments and evidence did well accord with the words and ‘ ‘ th s a u e of n mo re is But inte ntion of e t t t p g . it pleased

statu a ain This is the celebrated te g st witchcraft, passed in the rst r mw first your ofKing James Fi , f o hich the following is an extract A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT .

mer to n er re law in e r a our r cy i t p t th i f v , the eto moved as it seemed chiefly for that the children were presente d in a d w n a court alive n ell liking . A d I m not aggrieved that e es a e eat w eser e e m th y c p d d h , hich, d v dly , th y ight per an e a e uffere for the es of so man ch c h v s d , liv y ought to be er re ous in the e es o f r s an har v y p ci y Ch i ti c ity. Notwith s an n the ro ee n s w ma e t t di g, p c di g hich d he way easy for e r es a e I ear was not a r e t er th i c p , f , f i ; i h the hardness o f earts to e e e w ma e some of h b li v , hich d the best sort n re u ous or th nness of an s to i i c d l , e Ope h d give n some of the meaner w wa a us e un n th , hich yl id j tic , tyi g e fetters rom e r s and un oos n th a t rs f th i heel , l i g e h l e from their ne s w so wise ur es t o u e had ck , hich j i h ght th y so well

deserved . the ass es firs the t e one en oth th h At iz , t li tl , th b e ot er, e n o ran e e ore the u e and were arr e out f ll i t t c b f j dg , c i d , w en some us es of the en o ow n h j tic B ch f ll ed , a d made

If any shall be convicted to have u sed invocati on or conjuration of n r r v co sul covenan wi a y evil spi it o to ha e n ted , ted th , entertai ned , em lo f or su s irit or ta n u p yed, ed , rewarded any ch p , ke p any dead person , or he skin ne or ot er art t ereo to ave use in t , bo , h p h f, h d witchcraft , e r en an nt or to ave use an of th s sorc ry, o ch tme ; h d y e aid arts to kill , n rson e o t wi r c onsume , a d lame any pe , th y, t ge her th thei accessories r ufi r a s elons wit out nefi f cl r befo e the fact, shall s e f , h be t o e gy. If any b cra t so shall be convicted to have y witch f , rcery, charm. or ench ant m n un r a to ll where an treasure or oo s los or stol m e t, de t ken te y g d t en ay o ar om or to rovo e an to unl aw ul l v be found r e bec e p k y f o e , or to l s or e son destroy or hurt any catt e, good , p r , albeit the same be not ’ efi ected ; they shall for the fir st ofi ence su fl er one year s imprisonment r r f t at ear without bail , once every qua te o h y to stan d six hours u pon r ma and the pillory in some open fair o rket . then make open confession d f r h on fi of the ofi enc e committed ; an o t e sec d o ence, shal l suffer as in e felons without benefit of clergy. B ut th se cases there shall be no a lo ss of dower or disherision of heir . An d peer (being an ofl ender) shall ” b e tried by his peers.

w r un il 1 w n i wa r This la continued in fo ce t 735 , he t s epeal ed . The m er wh snfi e for t is crim or su os nu b o red h e, pp ed crime, in England l ne has cal ula at while u war s f 4 a o , been c ted p d o 000 perished in n n e f ronoun n Scotland . The last se te c o death p ced o a witch in England w on ane Wen am in 1712 b u t she was not e ecute . In 1 as J h , , x d 722 a a oun u l poor woman was burnt as witch in the c ty of S ther and , by order of the sherifi a tai n Davi Ross of ittle ean . is was h las , C p d , L d Th t e t instance in Scotland . 124 DEMONOLOGIA

e er men s to ro t e oun er ei e or not Re ort xp i t p ve if h y c t f t d . p sa it was not so v as I e te rom su men et id ci il xpec d f ch , y t r hei curiosity found nothing b ut sincerity in my children. ’ In ef ra s au er t e r ate it was o herw se w J f y d ght h y el d t i , hich I ea e to e r ons ences and ers who n t em and l v th i c ci h de ied h , st t en he r re orts t e r en to eat ill do h d y t i p o b t ue, ev d h ,

w is so near her at the wr t n reo . u us hich i i g he f, viz , A g t 28th a of the man t at t t her not on , th t y h go o visi e ex ecteth she w u r s a a n m b d she e on p o ld i e g i fro the e li th , x e s was the e c pt perhaps she can counterfeit dying . Thi ’ ssue of t e r n u r — t at the w n s a er was com i h i i q i y, h e ch f th mitted to ao an th m n f him and the w nesses g l , d e testi o y o it he brought never heard ; yet he and they appeared upon bond to prosecute and give evidence for the king ; and their oaths were taken bu t not their testimony ; qua j urc I now not f s I am sur e were ma er a k ; o thi e , th y t i l w tness s and a e sa mu a a ns the e u i e , could h v id ch g i t d li uents And w s t an as r on not of q . upon myself a pu pe si , d s ones b of l for was i en out at i h ty, ut simp icity ; it g v th e fra and hi h ra t to whi t e J f y s family devised t e p c ice, ch h y rew m e s a r and sh the oun er and a d y lde t d ughte , e y g , th t I , l e a o l all w I ear or saw to ik g o d innocent, be ieved hich h d b n e add an end m hil ren e true a d not feigned . Th y y c d — should aim at in this to be more cherished . I h wron not m n e r and for thank them t at they g y i t g ity, putting the fool upon me I could answer them as Gregory did Mauritius the Emperor for calling him a fool ; and ra t em to ons r t a t ou e be so w se to p y h c ide , h t h gh th y i t n h dr n t e m who saw t em but hi k t e chil e migh deceiv the , h on e or w e in trance and t ere ore ou not o e c t ic , h f c ld c ll ct much ; yet we who conversed with them day and night for the s a e of ten mont s and o ser e all e ore wr ten p c h , b v d b f it , and mu om te is m oss e I sa t a all we ch it d, it i p ibl , y, h t , by o n to et er so children of their small capacity be s lo g g h , esot ha w u sco er no hin to be e ne or b ted, t t e co ld di v t g f ig d

counterfeited in so many o ccurrences. ’ For Je ffray s daughter I leave it to them to justify her for I saw r not o en et e e e we of em , he ft , y b li v ll th , m nst ‘ he m (m m w ami afl othfl fl le

m m : m m fl rf fi m m of such

v m nt to be Elia b en t : and so the next da e ery indict e y, v m m all the 9th of An us Frida . the six wo en ca e to viz. , g , their arraignment during w hich as myself was giving v n and m l ttle dau h ter Elimbeth sto od before the e ide ce, y i g ud e who did ask the c d so me uesti ons she fe in j g , hil q , ll ' ’ efl ra s dau ter and lastl m dau h trance , and so did J y gh , y y g h s t oo there a reat uantit ter Hellen, w o did pi bl d g q y which the j ury of life and death took special notice of ;

then as dead persons they were all carried forth . Sir George Ellis and some other j ustices fro m the bench s e a tr a of hem w n en on followed, and made p ci l i l t ; ith i t ti , W m d find some m osture in the mat er . a as it see e , to i p t h t m man ser an ha I t nor an of ne. they did saw no , y i A v t t t ut rom h r and ommtte her to attended the child they p f e , c i d t for an o fen e ne t er for an o er n en on gaol ; no y f c , i h y th i t ti

I b se er rom the all she new. as conceive, ut to v f child k A DISCOURSE ON WITCHOBAI T. 1 27

How ro eede w her I now ot but t oun they p c d ith k n , hey f d nothing in her which could cause them to think that her n em t n h r s er in ocency should diss ble hose thi gs. Of e ist a so e a e some e er men s more o en w ereo the l th y m d xp i t vi l t, h f marks remained for a time after : yet in her also their ur os oun not n but s n er How e ea c i ity f d hi g i c ity, th y d lt ’ r I w not e amne b t h with Jeffray s daughte , ill x i , u t ey re th en re orte ha t s was a ra i e turning to e b ch, p d t t hi p ct c nf n w wor s I e e te a au co essed . Upo hich d xp c d th t M d ffra a erre to ha e on esse the ra Je y, whomthey v d v c f d p ctice, should there in the face of the county have told the cir m nd o n the ru of all the sa ra cu stances, a pe ed t th id p ctice (if it were so) that all men might have seen what part the wench had played in this practice and ho w far she co uld have charged my children with being acquainted or con senti n ere but e oo not the a r ourse b g th to ; th y t k f i c , ut only committed to prison John Jeffray her father ; and said a h r n se she sa not n but a h r th t is daughte co fes d id hi g, s e a er and mo r her w wor s the b t f th the did bid ; hich d girl , o h en e re h u and at all mes s n e u er th b fo t e j dge ti i c , tt ly

eni . h f w fferen e I en u r not of d eth T e truth o hich di c q i e , only I aver that nothing done or said either by the wench or her a er or ou ust ast an as ers on of f th , did c ld j ly c y p i ra t n or oun er n u on m ren or an ot er p c ici g c t feiti g p y child , y h m m of aml . But the u e on w a o as on o e I y f i y J dg , h t cc i v d now not a a r n f en k , fter some good pl usible hea i g o evid ce m at a the ur a t at e en e rea e for a ti e, l st to ld j y th t h vid c ch d h o nt of the sta u e and so w t drew th not to t e p i t t , i h e ff n rs rom e r ria the ur of e and ea and o e de f th i t l by j y lif d th , m w mann r of ro n dismissed the at liberty . At hich e p ceedi g man wiser m n han I am rea won er It a een y e t , g tly d . h th b ’ o me a one o n son of s w e ro ure a t ld th t J h Dibb , Dibb if , p c d rt e t th e t a the women were of o ce ificat o e j udg , h t g o d am n n r t a t me - re or e of for w t f e, a d eve till h t i ill p t d i ch craft ; and that Henry Graver solicited and induced many rsons to set t e r an s to the same u on a anta e of pe h i h d , p dv g which certificate such magistrates as are incredulous in U n the dismss o these things work their deliverance. po i i n 229! m m ;

” l z r mn rd f aifi ax mt. Thm ca mei sm to come

d oae hehind h az ami ra cali at h er car ver'y high ; but she

w ak unt ber and that she c ould no t hear that e s e o . us p .

ears one after the other somethin that was lac and so , g b k, y her hearing was taken awa . Then she read upon the ible and in s ort time ell in dea trance and was ver b , h f dly , y

stiff in all arts o f her bod and trem ed sore . At ast p y, bl l she oo e u and e an to un ersta n but ear not n l k d p b g d d, h d hi g . The i a so e su enl un er the ta e and when sh ch ld l f ll dd y d bl , e ’ came to herself reporte d that Thorp s wife took her by the neck and pulled her down ; and she felt her touch her w her an h a ith h d upon er n ked skin under her band . e en u on the n o ow n did ar for a time but H ll p ight f ll i g he , in the morn n was a as e r On on a e en i g de f b fo e . M d y, H ll , be n ea wen to the e to the a ma ers and r i g d f, t fi ld h y k , the e she saw the w e cat Fillie and a ou sun- se n as she hit , b t tti g came from the field she passed by Margaret Wait the

oun r who was ma n ha w the v ar Mr. mt y ge , ki g y ith ic , S i h

131: m axi mum :

m m fi ne lmm h i wmed t o inmfl hal se a ain f e ng gu n g , ” ahe n ii ‘ S o Z i m ahe mw fl ne whib a t m ch wn by

‘ d i Y o n will m t t ell m b m I knaw it is Tewhig and I a h fi m fi e m md m tb m o f the

” fl ie chmfih.

On We dn esdav th e l l th d A nst Hd im bein still . ng , g lm 'd the b ells fmg m p -ayu 's and desired to gu to

not for hers That dav in tn noe she saw the strange

’ blac k w hich she o ffe re to ut in Hellen s ears but . d p , could

u ay th 1 f A s H On T rsd . e 5 th o u u t ellen bein still h g , g

To w om she said I wi l not for then I s ou self. h , l , h ld ’ m not be Go d s se rvant. I will tell y father what thou dost m a - da an id me do . I sai r ers to d can sa t m b d y p y y, y he ,

I thank God ! but thou canst not say thine . I shall be w ” with God when thou art I kno not where . About this time and for a long season after she was so weak that her head fell down and she co uld not bear it ; but no pillow un r and she for the m s ar sat th fir was laid de it, o t p t by e e, underpropped with c ushions and pillows ; neither co uld she n mea but on suc u n a f m eat a y t, ly ked po piece o eat given a an n an ot n th r ou h at all her s i f t d h, ei e c ld s e drink , but

The barn was situate about one hundred yards distance fromthe l 1868 w en i w uil w s h ri a le arn of hou se, and un ti , ( h t as reb t) , a t e ve t b b ’ ’ The vicar s ou se and urc f w i in l Fairfax s day. h ch h o Fewston ere d st ct y visible fromit on the opposite side of the valley. A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT. 131 beer being given her in a spoon she put forth her tongue ’ and a e a tt e of it as eon s men the wate r of l pp d li l , Gid did the well o f Hared ; and her feebleness was such for a me t a h m onsume awa and we long ti h t s e see ed to c y, he t expected r dea h . On r a the 1 6th of u ust en e n s F id y, A g , Hell , b i g till ea and w r t re her at e d f eak , was b ought to he bed whe f h r and mot er use to li and t ere the w la u on her. h d e, h itch y p At last she spake and said that the woman did peep in through the curtain ; and after the woman in her sight o a an a s and a s oon and ma e meat for her to k p , di h, p , d u n the fire as is use to be one for su ersons and po , d d ch p ; w n w rea r u it and offer it to her b ut she he it as dy b o ght ed , re us it The woman was an r and sa she wou f ed . g y , id ld carry it while it was hot to them that would have it ; and n aste e r The same da i a et i so i h d pa ted. y El z b h fell n ranc in the a and saw the a cat the w te cat th t e h ll bl ck , hi , e r the s ran e woman and anot er woman who was bi d , t g , h r fin w m th es re to ee and ou not ve y e , ho e child d i d f l c ld . f ’ ’ The fine one said she was one o Dibb s wife s spirits . ” The sa d W at ! and the a cat too ? en child i , h bl ck Th she told her bro ther : Edward that she saw the creeping ’ ’ n Wa te s w e s s ir t and a man who sa he thi g, viz . , i if p i , id ’ dwelt at Then came Thorp s wife and put somewhat in the ears of the child and made her deaf b ut a bright thing sto od there and said she should be soon well he r t n was the e and a a n. Th sa t g i e child id b igh thi g d vil , ’ a da a so a out twe e o o e en but a shadow . Th t y l b lv cl ck H ll e an to eat meat and eat a oo uant t of new b g , did g d q i y ut r w was in ma n and she a so me of the b te hich ki g, l pped u erm and she w s ere to her rot er war and b tt ilk , hi p d b h Ed d said she wo uld eat much to- day for she might never eat And her wea ness was su t at she was arr e more . k ch h c i d ’ an a wn u n her at er s bed w ere she we t and d l id do po f h , h p complained that the strange woman urged her to kill i r and o f re her a n e . The a so e n n he self, fe d k if child l b i g

Spink sburn is a brook and small hamlet about a mile north of

l h Ski n d Harro Road . Fewston, c ose to t e pto an gate m nm nomsn :

w nnld c ome m ix: hm h er l u‘mh er Edwnrd wille d her to

defr h m d so she did i ur she saw and knew him. And

ll n s knife and bid her th e b ed. an d cfi er h er siste r He e , l kil hemefi with it.

- v H llen was still dea On fl me 1 8fl 1 of Au ust. e Sat mda . g f and eat an d Elin iberh in tran ce saw her roth er n ot hing . b dw w s when sh E ar an d kne him. a she th ou ht b ut e d. g ,

' o fl ened t o fe el him could n ot ; and th en that appariti on

On atur ay ellen was still deaf but on Monda the S d H , y, 20th o f A u g ust; her hearing w as res to re d for a time ; but that c ontinu e d not ab ove a uarter o f an ho ur and in t at q , h s ac e she was asked sundr uestions but she not p y q , did

On u th e 2 l st o f u u t ellen was in a tran e esda . s T y A g , H c in her be d and bein still dea f no uestions co u be , g , q ld as ed of her w en she had her o th er n a ain so t a k h se ses g , h t we knew no t w at assed in that trance b ut a terwards h p , f her un erstan n e n res to r in m m a ure her d di g b i g ed so e e s , arents and ot ers o f the faml sto o a her and p h i y d bout , it was er e ve that she new none o f t m for she p c i d k he , T ” sa W at fo s be ou ? “ere is all our o ks ? id , h lk y h f l After a while she knew her mother by feeling the ring u on u on her n er and so e rees sh a n w e p p fi g , by d g e ck o ledg d

all the rest. And t at da she to h r r W h y ld er b othe , illiam ’ a r a t at or s w fe a out a w r h F i f x , h Th p i b eek befo e s e went to the ass es oreto her t at she m t ome o me a a n iz f ld h igh c h g i , and t en she wo u ma e her ea and w a a h ld k d f, as e k s ever was an and t en t e co u ew h r n y, h h y ld b itch e o more . All w is oun now to be true for w h hich f d , hen s e spake this to her ro er she was ea so t a no no se n not t un b th d f, h t i , o, h der ou mo e her and of her r n c ld v , pe so so feeble that she could

not go without hold . Her flesh was consumed and her

1 84 DEMONOLO GIA

and in aw r nto the our and her hile after she went fo th i c t, s s er a w h r an oo e to war s the ur i t Eliz beth ith e , d l k d d ch ch “ and sa n f ur n a or I id , I see o sign o b yi g R lph Th p ; ” n th s sh wa e st at ast she thi k e pirit did lie . Y et e it d ill ; l saw the ar in his own and the e s r n but she vic g , b ll did i g, ar m W am ot the r n e t e not. en the c r se e e h d h h o p c , b h child ’ saw it an s r s w o w n the or se and , d pied Tho p ife f llo i g c p , r o r But non e se u ep ted what clothes she had on. e l co ld

s ern the woman th d stan e was so reat . en sud di c , e i c g Th denly Hellen clapped Elizabeth Morehouse on the arm and sa See s e ess w ere the ew omes n id , , e , B , h T hit c flyi g after I So the bird sat upon the top of the church porch w en the r ame nt th ur and t ere res e h co pse c i o e ch ch , h t d till the company came out of the church again ; then it a followed the body to the grave and departed . Eliz beth h e a so saw b ut was in ran e all t e w . l it, t c hil ’ On un a the 8th of e em er a et saw Wa t s S d y , S pt b , Eliz b h i w a r n r an a mouse w ife nd a little ed thing o bigge th , hich An t en she mo e th the woman said was her spirit. d h v d e to erse b ut she e e her and ame out o f child kill h lf, d fi d , c h ran and n w h saw th woman a a n er t ce ; bei g ell s e e g i , upon trial felt her and shortly after the child being in no ’ tr a all saw Wa t s w and a w te cat w sh ance t i ife hi , hich e

' n o w to h wa r s e and th cat turned t felt, a d f llo ed t e te id , e o ’ Dibb s wife . n ues a th l oth of e em er a et saw O T d y , e S pt b , Eliz b h ’ or s w e who ut her n er in her mou t and so Th p if , p fi g h caused her to spit a great deal o f blood . rom un a the 1 5 th of e em er un the end o F S d y , S pt b , til f the mont the ren were o en in tran es and saw at h, child ft c , ’ ’ se era mes or s w e Wa t s w e ar are Wai v l ti Th p if , i if , M g t t , and the stran woman and the s r ts the a cat th ge ; pi i , bl ck , e

ew t and the - a oure t n and somet mes t e T hi , ill f v d hi g ; i h y man n r ma n st saw of t em at on e . e e e e ea y h c H ll i d ill d f, b ut began to recover from her weakness ; but nothing e tra r x o dinary did pass during that month . On We nes a the 2u of ct er e en in d d y , d O ob , H ll the en w s ow n a n kitch as ca t d n with a violent fall , a d w s lo g ' A msoovnsn on wrrcnoaar r. 185

in w m tim sh w in rea a on an trance, hich so e m e as g t g y, d m her body was violently moved and contracted . So etimes she wou not suffer an to o u her and some mes she ld y t ch , ti ose her s and la as ad and o en a a n oo e cl d eye y de , ft g i l k d up . as she ame to erse but re or e no in a she At l t c h lf, p t d th g th t had seen or ear ne t er cou an ues on be ause of h d, i h ld y q ti , c her ea ness b as h r. d f , e ke d e ’ On onda the th of o er E a e saw or s M y, 7 Oct b , liz b th Th p wif .who s s er en s ou ear a a n e, told her that her i t Hell h ld h g i

r r s mas. An he da a er ein ues a she befo e Ch i t d t y ft b g T d y, rri th war s th wa b ut sh w ca ed e child away to d e te r, e as o w and u f llo ed bro ght back . n r a the 1 1th f o er E a e in ran saw O F id y, o Oct b , liz b th t ce the a cat the ewhit and the ree n n n bl ck , T c pi g thi g, a d ’ or s wi e a so who o her e wou a e the Th p f l , t ld th y ld h v life f f t m r n ass s and t a s ou o one o he befo e the ext ize , h t h ld be a The r n t n o th a h Maud Jeffr y . c eepi g hi g t ld e child th t t e ’ ’ bright thing which led her to Wait s wife s house was

' th at e black c . On on a the 14 of o er at n in the k n M d y, th Oct b , ight itche , Elizabeth was in trance,and was in great extremity in her r a and od and a r so s f in h r ne th o t b y, fte ti f e ck and arms o n a s that they c uld ot be moved . At l st he looked up and a on in r n who sa a h w t lked to e b ight clothi g, id th t e as God . he d answer No ou art the e and S di , !th d vil, hell was t for th r an t t made for hee , y p ide , d hou art he same m ” that came to y sister Hellen. Then he turned into a me s a e and the sa How - defor d h p , child id, ill favoured art ou now en she saw ano er e orme th Th th d f d thing, w i she sa was the a cat a so she saw h ch id bl ck ; l , at a ime the Tewhitt s t n on the to of th th t t it i g p e kitchen, w n th ouse and a e to ithi e h , t lk d it . Also , she offered to ee the r t man but o u not and er r f l b igh , c ld , th efo e said, art n t God f r ou o o I ou a e e t & . Th , c ld h v f lt hee, c , ’ b art n a s ut thou o ly hadow. Then came Dibb a wife and let the a cat su u on her ea w t bl ck ck p h d , hich he child saw ” and sa It at s and a r n ll id, h h lip h i a d a like a cat. And ’ th w man s s “ e o ea wa oo . ur er sh sa I h d bl dy F th e id, t 1 86 Da monomom

oes not su it oes but ma e a show for it n e e not d ck , d k , e d th ” su it is b t a s a ck ; u h dow like my shadow in the sun. ’ Then Dibb s wife told her the witches had a feast this ’ n at the ouse of Wa t s w e and t e had es whi h ight h i if ,, h y pi c ’ ’ e had a W B e in a t s w e o n. sh sa th y b k d i if s ve ut e id, ere is not an o en in her ouse for aw none w en Th v h , I s h

was t ere . At as the e was a u on her I h l t, bibl l id p , whereat she smiled and turned it often over until she found th 1 st h n n e 7 Psalm. This while er sister Helle could ot s ea for her teet m t not be o ened en she a so p k , h igh p . Th l was rou t to the oo and w t n a s ort time her b gh b k, i hi h m u was n and she r a th lm But th o t o e e e sa . e h p d, d e P f nt a a trance and a not but w n child ell i o de dly , he rd it , he was n sh e an to come to erse et ou it e ded e b g h lf, y c ld not s ea b ut ma e s ns t a the n s she saw were p k, d ig h t thi g ’

re s . In th s trance s w e to a e a the till i , Dibb if ld Eliz b th th t “ r tm She sa w h r s s b a t s as. a e i ter should e de f ill Ch i id, I s ” told that before . On on a the 2 1 st of to er l a e in t ran e M d y , Oc b , E iz b th , c , saw Pe Wa t and her cat and she as e the name of the g i , k d ” h fi r d to h n s . so s e o e e ee the cat t e other said , I ge Al , f l woman b ut ou not and ere ore sa ou art , c ld th f id, Th ” n wa an e n o an - a oure not Peg Wait. The it s ch g d i t ill f v d h n s r e In t s ran e she wa thing which s e did ot de c ib . hi t c s h r h u be ea r s mas and t en told that er siste s o ld d f till Ch i t , h she w u ma e her ear a a n The answere I o ld k h g i . child d, a n t at e r and it is not t ou t at an h ve bee old th b fo e, h h c ” h r b r but i is d t at w ma e her ear ma e e a t Go . k e , h ill k h On urs a the 24th of to er e en oo the Th d y, Oc b , H ll t k e and s m to rea b ut s a e not t a w bibl did ee d , p k h t as w r ma perceived . Signs e e de to her to speak up that we m t her her rea . She un ers oo the s ns and sa igh d d t d ig id, I do rea er for now I ear m se w I d v y high , h y lf, hich did ” n - d ot to a e ore . So she on inue rea n to er f y b f c t d di g h sel , b ut s a e not a wor and et was rs a e a p k d , y pe u d d th t she ' s a r p ke v e ylo ud . On r a the l st of No em r a t in an F id y , v be , Eliz be h tr ce saw ’ ’ s w fe or s w f an b Dibb i , Th p i e d the lack cat ; and had great

188 nm ononoou

’ meantime Thorp s wife told Elizabeth that her sister was one for eer and t a her mot er ollowe h r and w g b , h t h f d e ould put something in her drink ; bu t when the beer came she it ff an sa u st t dran o d . o e re is n hin m th k , id Th li , he ot g e ”

r n . w wor s she e a war s in a eadl d i k At hich d , f ll b ck d d y trance and had some r s n s in her o an was e , i i g b dy, d tr oubl d n i her throat . On Mon a the same 4th of No em er E a was d y, v b , liz beth ’ in the arn and not e n in an ran sh b , , b i g y t ce, e saw Thorp s ’ ’ w e and also Wa t s w fe ome own the ar o an if i i c d vic s cl se , d w en she ame to the wa er- s e h h c t id , her spirit t e black creeping thing took her by the hair of the head and brought h r o r th wa er so at she not ou and h e ve e t , th did t ch it, s e

t th rn. w the saw and o came o e ba All hich child , t ld it to h r rot er E war and ar ar ore ouse and sa : e b h d d M g et M h , id ” She is now ere And at a wor e in ran e and h . th t d f ll t c , n th ouse w er sh t so was brought i to e h , h e e talked with he

women .

’ n a the th of No em er she saw or O T uesd y, 5 v b , Th p s wife “ ta t her and sa : ou was in the l and lked o , id Th t litt e W w m s s r e en. was true f chamber ith y i te H ll hich , or m rn n was in tran e in her bed an Hellen that o i g c , d could s a and her ne was ee e as e or and t a a not pe k, ck f bl b f e ; h t d y

Elizabeth in trance saw Peg Wait. W n a the 6th of No em er E a e in ran On ed esd y, v b , liz b th t ce n to w c sh sa h rt saw a bright thi g , hi h e id T ou a a spirit ” r all th ri tness — turn n o ne own ne fo y b gh , i t thi like ss. n he ead a t e as usua and oo in u a a n The s fell d lit l l , , l k g p g i , the r man was an e nto a e orme n wh h b ight ch g d i d f d thi g, ic

h f ere to ee but ou not. en ame th a s e o f d f l , c ld Th c e bl ck t w She o er to h cat and he T e hit. ff ed feel t e eat but could en she sa : Art o u om ew ? is not . Th id th c e T hit This ” rea e l the ca is ne t him and w i ne the g t d vi , t x , Te hit s xt. ’ Then came Wait s wife whom she felt and said : Thou ” art a woman. Then her father took pen and ink to man sa w a a w . The wo w for th a w rite id , I ill y, y f ther ill ” a a n sh saw th a write wh t I s y. The e e ppearance of ’ or s wi e and wou a e e her but ou not Th p f , ld h v f lt , c ld ; A msoooass ON wrrouonxrr . 189

therefore she said : Thou art not a woman ; turn into thy ” a ! n it turne nto the ree n n own sh pe The d i c pi g thi g . The ’ ’ child said : Tho u art Wait s wife s spirit tho u dost stand l there beside thy dame . Then they a l went away except ’ the ew t and or s w e came a a n and w T hi ; Th p if g i , ith her a eare the bo w om the wou a t t pp d y ; h child ld h ve fel , bu ou not and sa un o him ou ar th b w c ld , id t : Th t e oy hich ’ am rs — ou art s r s c e to me fi t th Be s Foste s pirit. Then ’ she ea a a n and oo n u she saw s w f fell d d g i , , l ki g p, Dibb i e, w m f r m n h w hom she ocked o umbli g . Then t e oman put somet n in her mo ut and o fere her to r n w hi g h f d d i k , hich she re used and sai : ou and th au ter art th f , d Th y d gh e ” wors of t em. The r n was fetc e b ut she ou t h d i k h d, c ld a e none and sa to the wofnan : Out u on ee ! u t k , id p th tho w t not let me r n w ou a e som ar t f il d i k , ilt th h v e ? I c e no or ” r th woman f r to m thy spice . Fo e o fe ed put so e spice into

m . W it. so she sa : Let e ee t ee sh i Al id f l h hich e d d, ’ s s h and aid : Thou art Dibb s wife indeed . Al o s e saw the s t at n es and sa a so to the bo : i po ted c I g , id l y It s long s n e t ou ame - t ou st ome to m in r i c h c , h did c e Ch istmas. Then her brother Edward took the drink away to the ’ urt er s e of the a w t er s w e went and f h id h ll , hi h Dibb if , put something into the beer ; after which the child would not o u it ut ut it all ort and s ra e a woo en dish t ch , b p f h , c p d d w r e to her w t a s oon and w e he ein they gav it i h p , ip d it with en she too the e and w t it did her apron. Th k bibl , i h drive

w a l th s r ts. W en e were o et er an a ay l e pi i h th y t g h , d during th time f the ran e she sat u on the ne o f r e o t c , p k e F ancis Pullein er t ese t n s she was we a tt e but u . Aft h hi g ll li l , co ld ’ n n so e in tran e a a n and saw ot speak a d f ll c g i , Dibb s wife ’ n r s w e w om w t the e in her an a d Tho p if , h , i h bibl h d, she ' o owe to the oor and sa she would see em o f ll d d , id th g . And in this trance the boy told her that her sister should so th sam hear again before Christmas. Al e e day she went th e and return n t rou a ar entr r to fetch e bibl , i g h gh d k y the e in t an e and her mot er ass n t at wa tro u on fell r c , h p i g h y d p h n and ma e it rt and w her oo hit her a er ha d , did k di y, ith f t ow su osin a she had ro en u on a do but bl , pp g th t t dd p g ; 140 nn oxonoera

erce vin w at she had done she aused the to be p i g h , c child ta en u who a fter a tt e time ame to erse and k p , . li l , c h lf, ’ sa id that Thorp s wife cast her do wn in the entry ; but she had no ee in w at her mot r had one to her n r o f l g h he d , o t ok an notice t e reo y h f.

On unda y the 1 0th o f Novem er i a et in the S , b , El z b h, ’ ’ tc en saw or s w e and sa or s wi e is ki h , Th p if . id, Th p f ” ” here as W nd . e ere She sa ere ! a I k d , h ? id, Th

o nte to the a e w t her fin er and t en e in p i d pl c i h g , h f ll Th wo m to h tran e . e an h s s u n to c ld er e ho ld ot go church . “ ” The c il sa she woul . The woman sa No for h d id d id, , she wanted her shoes ; which was true ; but presently the s oes ame romthe s oema er w c the e n in h c f h k , hi h child b i g trance perceived not ; but the woman told her that her s oes were no w co me and t erefore she m o to h , h ight g ur So the woman e arte and she ame to ers ch ch . d p d, c h elf,

ut on her s oes and went to ur w t us. p h , ch ch i h On on a the 1 1th o f Novem r E a e h was in M d y, be , liz b t h h hil n w r t e barn with her brother Edward . T e c dre e e ot ace on the to of a mow of ha er rom b h pl d p y, v y high f ’“ the ro un efore es rous to see a ee e i e ere g d b , d i b v k ll d th , where they stoo d a goo d while beholding ; in which doing ’ Thorp s wife was suddenly on the top o f the hay mow w El a et and t rew her rom t ence to th roun ith iz b h , h f h e g d, w re sh was as e a a nst a rea s o ne so t a sh he e d h d g i g t t , h t e la as ea in suc sort as o n en e the u c er y d d , h J h Sp c , b t h ,

It was a cu stom at thi s time to kill fatted beeves in th e autumn ,

salt and t en an u th e es for u se in the winter . We annot , h h g p fl h , c admire the taste of Fairfax in all owing his children to be present at If h si f n ox a the killing of th e beeve . t e ght o a dyi g be mu sement for f ” m h i r akin ma b e s or or ladi s . Th a w in t children , r b b e g y p t e e h y o e ri e as he ha s a k in si h barn may b e shortly desc b d t y t c ed de t e barn , l n h instead of outside, a practic e stil commo in all t e Yorkshire dales, where the green meadow lands may b e seen stu dded with small hay arns lai s or lairs a e are loc all call e in one end of w ic is b , th , , s th y y d , h h a l whic on um i n h n r ar deposited th e hay, while th e c tt e h c s e t i t e wi te e

i n . er sheltered in th e other port on , a op en spac e being left between V y ' r n wal nsl ale few haystac ks a e to b e seen i S edale , Upper We eyd , Wharfe ll dale, Nidderdal e, o r in the va ey of the Washburn , where Fairfax

w un ric h r en da . d elt, or the su rro ding dist t at t e p es t y

142 DEMONOLOGIA

and a she are ne t er for all the t th t c d i h wi ches, nor for all the s r ts but wo a pi i , uld s y grace and dine in despite of m an e d so she did. th th , All e dinner time she talked to em and e s oo in her s th , th y t d by ight, and whispered som m e e o e er. She as e t em w ti t g th k d h hat they talked . They said they conferred on what they would do to he r before Christmas . This continued about the space of an our and a a and t h h lf, hey could not cast her into an ran e . But she sa ra e a a n a r n y t c id g c g i fte dinner, a d en she wen to the a e w ere e th t pl c h th y stood to feel them, ’ b ut ou not ee the a earan e of s w c ld f l pp c Dibb ife . She felt ’ or s w e and the r a so w ereu n Th p if bi d l , h po she said, Turn into your own likenesses Then she fell down a t e as usua she w en e an lit l , lly did , h th y ch ged their figures . When she looked up again she perceived that the bird ’ w she had e t was c an e n w n hich f l h g d i to Dibb s ife, a d ’ the shape of Dibb s wife which she could not feel become ’ the ew or s w e rema n n as e ore and o e T hit, Th p if i i g b f , s th y r h w depa ted and s e was ell .

' so n the l 6th of No ember she aw ss Al , o v s Be Foster s

n un a the 1 7th of No em er m dau r l O S d y, v b , y ghte He len ma n n s in her ea ness but e n er re i i g till d f , b i g p fe ctly r of her wea ness and in all res e s we a recove ed k , p ct ll (th t e e wen to the ur to the e en n ra er xc pted) t ch ch v i g p y , man r ns ame to her to sa ute her and won ere and y pe so c l , d d t he esta e she was in for she ear not an no se a t t , h d y i fter e en n ra r h were it ever so great. A v i g p ye s e came ome and o war s n t stan n the fire in the h , t d igh , di g by , h a rea a n in her ears and her rot er kitchen, she ad g t p i , b h Edward making signs as before he used to do for h n she sa to me N0 more s ns but s ea somet i g, id , ig , p k , ” u t an God . And so her ear n was for I can hear yo , I h k h i g a t a nstan res ore and she ear us all s ea and t h t i t t d, h d p k, s had mu c an e and ha she had said that our voice h ch g d, t t ar as she t u and a er been deaf about a ye ho ght, th t ev y a t me she had ar erse s a e se Friday during th t i he d h lf pe k , l n u s on n her of s e n whi had not . The q e ti i g om thi g ch A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 143

a n t her we oun a she ha or o all and her h ppe ed o , f d th t d f g t , m mor was u e on on rn n th us n ss a e y so q it g e c ce i g e b i e , th t she could not remember any of the witches or that she s e t em br t e r s r ts or t a she was e er did e h h i pi i , h t v in an tran e or s or rou e t all to o r rea y c , ick , t bl d a , u g t admiration. On on a the 1 8th of No em er E a e saw M d y , v b , liz b th th at and the r ht t n to ot w e black c b ig hi g, b h hich she ta e in ran e in the resen e of o n L n e and lk d t c , p c J h i dl y John ef r J f ay. ’ On ues a the 1 9 of No em er she saw r T d y, th v b , Tho p s ’ ’ W r s w had in he an wife and ait s wife . Tho p ife r h d a great

‘ n e w w she t reatene to l her. The w k if , ith hich h d ki l ench ear and un ers an us et ou not did both h d t d , y c ld speak ; t re re e n n o ura e us she e e th he fo b i g e c g d by , d fi d e woman ’ and demanded the knife from her. The day after Thorp s w e ame t her as she was in bed and to her she s if c o , ld hould die e ore un a but the wen s orne her t rea n n b f S d y, ch c d h te i gs. At s ime m au ter e en was r e t we thi t y d gh H ll pe f c ly ll , b ut her mem r was ne on rn n the w t e an o y go c ce i g i ch s, d when her s s r in tran she mar el e at it and eman i te fell ce v l d , d ded

w at she a e and as e w at d sease she had . We to h il d, k d h i ld her a she was ew t e and t at she erse had een th t b i ch d, h h lf b so and uest one her of the a cat and the t r , q i d bl ck o he “ s r s at w she au e and sa esus e m ! pi it , hich l gh d id, J bl ss e What tell you me of spirits and witches ? I never saw a spirit ! The 2l st of No em r a so w n the wa n ra v be l , he child s i t nce ’ and saw or s w e at at me her s t r to r u n Th p if , th ti is e ok he po her nee w en she e in ead tran e at w e en k , h f ll d ly c , hich H ll seem rea to won er and ou not te nor did g tly d , c ld ll ,

remem er t a . e er she was in at s a r b , h t v th t te he self , or anything troubled .

i n r a the 22nd of No em er E a et saw O F id y, v b , liz b h ’ Thorp s wife come into the kitchen and ran from her n r a as e and ame to me and sat own es de m i g e t h t , c d b i e, n e in ran e and a e to the woman wh and the f ll t c t lk d , o l h t h s and m wi threatened to ki l er wi h t e knife. My elf y fe 144 DEMONOLOGIA

id ncoura her w she ear and sa to the d e ge , hich h d , id w man m t at n e ! e t ee and are o , Give e h k if I d fy h , I c ” W m t er The woman sa not for thee ! here is thy o h ? id , ” She is at ome And a so sa t at her s s er e en h . l id h i t H ll no t f r n w h ou ear and she did ta e was ugh , o o s e c ld h , k a s oon rom her mo er but her mo er woul et p f th , th d g it w w re a e the m son again. Upon hich ords pe t d by child, y William Fairfax went to look in the trunk in which the on was The woman to the t a her rot er spo . ld child h t b h W a n in h n . he as e was go e to look t e tru k T child k d, h t ” trun ? She answere The trun in w t e lay k “ d, k hich h y their fond papers (meaning the notes of these accidents ma was a ou the w es . en she sa t a her s er b t itch ) Th id h t . t m n a t at nstan a are a er e orme co ing. A d t h i t ppe d v y d f d “ r t to w the sa Art t ou ome ? are spi i , hich child id, h c I c — not for thee turn into thy prettiest shape . I will take

h a o u dar st n t a e t a . So she to o t e book , nd th e o bid h t k the e and urne to the 5 1 st sa m w her s s er bibl , t d P l , hich i t rea and the s r t t ereu on wen awa and sa he was d , pi i h p t y, id m n t h r the very same which ca e to her sister Helle a t e fi st. ’ or s w arr e st and ar n an sa Th p ife t i d ill , Rich d E gl d id ” merr s a a e her m an o er the e . Th ily, I h ll h v co p y v b ck e woman to the t a he s a e a on wor and ld child h t p k f d d, r ea w a h a en ra ers were ma e ep ted h t e had s id Th p y d , ur n w and for a on t me a er she la s in d i g hich , l g i ft , y a H r s r all a ea ran e but er u et. e s e o ser e d dly t c , v y q i i t b v d his and was mu ama e at it but remem ere not n t , ch z d , b d hi g

concerning herself . On a ur a the 23rd of No em er i a et was in S t d y, v b , El z b h ’ an e in the t n w re or s w e a eare to h r tr c ki che , he Th p if pp d e

w a n e and to her she wou t en her. She ith k if , ld ld h kill

d s a n s a a n. do not are sai , I h ll ever ee thee g i If I I c ” n h n h r l a and a not. The s e wept bitterly a d took e e ve s id , Wilt thou kill me no w ? God be with you all Then she was as own as ea and et e u her an s as c t d d d, y h ld p h d a m sh s a e a a n and sa pr ying . After a little ti e e p k g i id, Wouldest thou have me to go with thee by myself

Foolish .

1 46 nm ononoc u :

she was in some e tr emt and e l x i y , f l at last in a deadly

trance .

’ On atur a th e 3oth of Novem er n S d y, b , bei g St. Andrew s da lizabet in bed sa God y, E h id, blea me ! At which wor s one in r t c ot in ame to her be s e a d b igh l h g c d id nd said, ” ” I am ere ! The c l sa wi l h hi d id, I l go with thee ! Her brother hearing her wo rds said it would deceive her as the rett wenc did. She answere Na this p y h d, y, is ” Go d wil o w t him! en , I l g i h Th he told her that he had o ten her s ster e en at w c she w t g t i H ll hi h ep , and he

e ar e . And she st t ou t t at h d p t d ill h gh h e was God . Also t at da in the en she e l in trance and a h y kitch f l , boy a are un o her to w om she sa ppe d t h id, Thou art Bess ’

oste r s s r t . The bo sa at his am wa a w F pi i y id th d e s itch . She answere did s ea for her to m a r d, I p k y f the , but I

‘ w ne er s ea for her a a n. en came the a ill v p k g i Th bl ck cat, w m the bo ou so at sh au ith who y f ght, th e l ghed to see o stru at the ca t and the cat t them. The b y ck , wi h her teeth and claws did assault him to bite and scratch him The bo e ore he o u t w t the cat of ere her s e y b f f gh i h f d pic , w n t i h it At ast th but he ould o g ve er . l e child desired to “ ee t em and oul not ee the cat and t en sa f l h , c d f l , h id , Thou ”

s r t. But she elt the bo and sa art a pi i f y id, Thou art ’ r s s r t t ou art a o ! urn n o th n Bess Foste pi i , h b dy T i t i e own ” likeness ! Then she was cast down as commonly she used to be upon their transformation ; and when she looked ’ up again the boy was changed into Dibb s wife ; whereat a nd sa Art t ou ome ? ou ast th she l ughed a id, h c Th h e s t in t ne an ! W s e was reat rais ns pice ye hi h d hich pic g i . Then they told her that if her father and brother Edward U n w woul o orth t e wou te her a t n . o d g f , h y ld ll hi g p hich r h r we went ort and t e n the woman words epeated by e f h , h to her t at t e s ou be es r e s ortl and t a she ld h h y h ld d c i d h y, h t ou be we at the rs da w ld ll fi t y. The same day she went to the beck- side and saw a cloth n the water w was ro en to a stone w i sh i hich f z , h ch e pulled t and a to dr and ereu on e in tran e an a ou l id y, th p f ll c ; d c me he the ouse and went or a a n to et the o h into t h , f th g i f ch cl t , ' A Discousss on wrronosAr r . 147

’ h he oo u and let it a a ain and or s wi e w ich s t k p, f ll g ; Th p f came to her and told her she would be worse than ever she

s sh e n o a ea tran e . was upon which word , e f ll i t d dly c n a th l st o f e em er abet in the ar our On Su d y , e D c b , Eliz h p l t and e in ran e and was in an er to saw the black ca , f ll t c , d g have fallen in the fire ; but her little sister Mary pulled her

a and m son war ame and sa e her. At a b ck , y Ed d c v d th t h saw the a cat w to her he was the time s e bl ck , hich ld a on twe t da ast and t at thing that le ped upon her lf h y l , h n t da o ow n she would be well agai on twelf h y f ll i g . h sam da a a n she was in tran e in the t en T e e y g i c ki ch , and a man in r t ot n a eare unto her and sa b igh cl hi g pp d , id !

d . Th No t ou art no that he was Go e child said , , h t he whom I lo ve ; I love God but thou art not he . Thou oes to and fro see n w om t ou ma es e our H g t ki g h h y t d v . e ” sa How nowest t ou t a ? She answere id , k h h t d, I heard it read ; thinkest thou I cannot tell what I hear rea ? o u art not God for God o es not to a d Th , l v h ve ” w e in his om an and t ou as t em in t n itch s c p y , h h t h hi e . , ” ’ H as e W at w t es ? She answere or s e k d, h i ch d , Th p wife stands there beside thee . Thou wert so proud that

od a e el for t ee and ast hee nto it . n G m d h l h , c t i The he “ - h Th urne n o an a oure s a e . e sa w t d i t ill f v d p child id, No ” ou art e t sel t ou art as as ar n an th lik hy f ; h high Rich d E gl d . nd was r nt w So he departed a she p ese ly ell . The same un a l a et el in tran e at n t S d y, E iz b h f l c igh , and ’ om a ne t at or s w e u e her eart Th c pl i d h Th p if p ll d h . e woman told her she should not be well till prayers were sa so she was in a on t l ra ers e an a id ; g y il p y b g , t which me she e t roan n and e as it were aslee and a ti l f g i g f ll p, fter ’ w t In t ran h prayers as shor ly well . his t ce s e saw Wait s tan ore her to w om she sa d a t wife s d bef , h i , H s thou lost one of thine eyes ? The woman answered that her spirit Th e e w the h a put it forth . e y hich c ild s id she wanted f h was the left eye . None o t e house knew anything at that time that the woman wanted her left eye ; but upon

enquiry we found it true . a th r On Mond y, e 3 d of December, she talked to the l 48 DEMONOLOGIA

“ r h man and sa o di st me ! ou s b ig t , id, Th u d deceive Th did t on e arr me to the wa er to m b t e o owe c c y t put e in, u th y f ll d ” and sa e me . en he sa h w u s a h r an v d Th id e o ld l y e , d “ turne nto a er e orme s a e he a N w d i v y d f d h p . T child s id, o ” t ou art i e t se ut t a so h l k hy lf b hou canst not sl y me . Al , ’ ’ in ano er ran e a da h s w e r th t c th t y, s e saw Dibb if , Tho p s ’ w e and Wa t s w e all at on e and had man more if , i if c , y

trances that day. On ues a and We nes a she had man ran s an T d y d d y y t ce , d on We nes a at n t as she was in ran h r m r d d y, igh , t ce, e othe was talking of the rogue which appeared to my daughter l ll n in r s ma w en he I e e Ch i t s, h showed her the pictures ; at ’ w t me the e an to ta to w hich i child b g lk Dibb s ife , and to r e wh sa he were the m th e boys, o id t y sa e that carried her s er e en awa 2nd anuar an si t H ll y, J y ; d they showed her a f a t e wen a r an ru picture o lit l ch , f i d ddy, which they n She sa Do no t ni do not cut it wi pi ched . id, p it ; th ” that knife ! Whose is it ? They answered that it was ha h m w t e d ew e . S e e an e a little child hich h y b itch d d d d , ” W a e sa her s ster Ann. She re e h t child ? Th y id i , pli d , at u a oa on as an s u in the am er w It h h s ch c t h g p ch b , hich ’ oat n ee was nn s oat b ut t s is er t an m c , i d d, A c ; hi bigg h y ! ” nn. Let me ee it She e and t en sa d sister A f l f lt it, h i , " w a o u w for it i nou . so t at Do with it h t y ill, s ght Al , h ’ a a a n she saw Wa t s w e and a e to her o f the d y g i i if , t lk d

e e she wan e w c was her e e e. y t d , hi h l ft y On r a the 6th of e em er at n E a et in F id y, D c b , ight, liz b h ’ an e saw or s w fe and the s ran e woman who sa tr c Th p i t g , id wo u ne er be no wn but she wou rou e her she ld v k , ld t bl

all the res were an e . The sa Na ut when t h g d child id . y b n Y they tell me I shall be well o Twelfth day. ou are mad m ” t me now t at s ster e en is we . en now wi h , h y i H ll ll Th ’ she saw Wait s wife and talked to her of the eye she was the e t e e at w W am ton wanted, which l f y ; hich illi Bil

and James Sharpe did marvel . n atur a the th o f e em er a e in th O S d y, 7 D c b , Eliz b th e rn n was in tran e in her bed and saw the r man mo i g c , b ight ,

h ne nt a e orme monster. And a a n in t w o tur d i o d f d g i , he

150 DEMONOLOGIA

’ at the ouse of ar aret ore ouse s un e w ose name h M g M h cl , h ' ’ was \Va ter. W was true but the man s nam wa l hich , e s not kn w f o n to an o us. n th y The e child said , I will ” a e the b e and t n t n h v bi l , he thou darest no tarry . The the oo was en to her and in tran e as she was sh b k giv , c , e turne to the sa ms 70 and 7 1 w c her rot er d P l , hi h b h began n to read . A d she willed the woman to read ; who answered she wo b n ra am uld e ha ged ther. Then the child n ed some words in the l 4oth sa m and sa t ose wor P l , id , If h ds were ” read they durst not tarry . Then her brother read that sa m and at the read n f the 8th erse and some w P l , i g o v ords ol ow n the man in s ar et was so m t a th f l i g, c l oved h t e child asked the woman what her master ailed that he stirred so

as . is e n o ser e the sa m was rea r a f t Th b i g b v d, p l d ove gain to make the trial ; and at that verse and words the man was moved as before ; and then did transform himself into ur s a and w a a an ill favo ed h pe ent w y . ’ en or s w e ame and the was as Th Th p if c , child c t into a ea ran e and so rema ne on e ore she re o er d dly t c , i d l g b f c v ed . ’ The 9th of e em er a of o n Pullein s D c b , child J h , of Norwoo w had on een in reat wea ness d , hich l g b g k , was buried ; of which child the witches many months before had told my daughters in their trances that they had w t e it and the woul rst a e he be i ch d , y d fi h v t life o f that

and t en o f au Jeffra . at child, h M d y Th child died and was r e t s da and the ne morn n m a bu i d hi y, xt i g y d ughter ’ a et was a ttle trou e and saw or s w Eliz b h li bl d, Th p ife, and t m at n r w since that i e h h bee pe fectly ell .

f r r l n rio at fir nan s un er th amil of o a ve y o g pe d , st as te t d e f y Fairfax, u ntil Brian Morehou se purchased th e farm he occu pied ; who on his as wa u cc e e b his son Simeon Mor ou se wh dece e s s e d d y eh , o has left h r u tation f ein a l n m behind im th e ep o b g very ear ed an , a stu dent of h c es a in str l an m t e occult scien , an dept a o ogy, d a ost skilful penman. n m u He c ollec ted a u ber of books on his favo rite stu dies , and on his 9 was u c e b his n o r u s decease, in 176 , s c eed d y so , J hn Mo eho e, who u w u hi n w im dying withou t iss e, in 1798 , as s cceeded by s ephe , S eon , son f wh h am u n 1 w of Simeon Morehou se , o Clint, o held t e s e til 826 , hen he l M r u c ee e his n s n Mr . ohn o o died , and was s c d d by o y o , J eh u se, the

resent owner . The ee s or oration for the ur oses of t eir wa p L d C p , p p h ter mes a d f su l u rc ase the o te an art o the estate. pp y, p h d h d p A nrscounss ON wrronosArr . 151

W a f w a s a ter . on un a the 1 5th ithin e d y f , viz , S d y,

’ of m er 1 622 ane effra and resent a ter Dece b , , J J y, p ly f n Jeffra the e er e n a of ten ears and Helle y, ld b i g child y , th oun r o f e ears e n the au ters of e y ge ight y , b i g d gh on W am effra ‘ f Norwoo and on se a r e illi J y , o d , Di i H be , a ma servan of his all a to be in the same sta e id t , did f ll t a m ren had een in and are now in rea th t y child b , g t a d f his at mer a ear extremities. So th t Go o gre cy h th h d r r rs and ere m ren out o f the an s of ou p aye , deliv d y child h d he vi and his m n sters to o ur uns ea a e o and t de l i i , p k bl j y om r And the w ra t seemet to be remo e to c fo t. itchc f h v d ’ that man s ouse to the won er of man wh h , d y , o unt it th more r mar a e for a the sam acco e e k bl , th t e William Jeffray was a special instrument to draw and

’ persuade some in authority near him that my children ailed n n and t at the w o e mat er in t emwas ounter e othi g, h h l t h c f it. On We nes a the 29th f anuar a et d d y, o J y, Eliz b h fell ’ in tran e and saw the s m tu of Wa t s wi e w c , i ili de i f , hich she u n t ee So it turne n the at o o . o a c to w m c ld f l d i t bl ck , ho th l ta e and w t or w e chi d lk d , ep s e because she as troubled ’ a a n . She as e the cat for s w e wh sa sh g i k d Dibb if , o id e T was at home . he cat turned into a deformed shape and m ’ e ar e . en a e or s w e and the ewhit d p t d Th c Th p if T , to w om the ta e and e e t em and t n h h child lk d, d fi d h , he t e as rou t and he h and l 4 h m bible w b gh , t 7ot ot Psal s were ’ r a . So or s w e and the r ar n e d Th p if bi d dep ted, a d the

wen was we . resent a ter she el in tran a n ch ll P ly f f l ce ag i , and her sister Hellen heard the noise as of a blo w given u h pon er head with the clap of a hand . Then she talked ’ to or s w e who rowne and seem s ease Th Th p if , f d di pl d . e ’ h as e her of effra s c ren but she rt a c ild k d J y hild , depa ed nd wou el her not n . She had a t ran e t at e ven n ld t l hi g c h i g, and a s ort one in the morn n in ed and n h i g b , i both saw ’ w Thorp s ife . . On urs a the 27th of e ruar El a d Th d y, F b y, iz beth ha three

The surname of Jefi ray was very common at that time in Norwoo so t at i en fic a on of hi s n i n rl s i d , h d ti ti t i dividu al s ea y impo s bl e.

In 1672 eight difierent householders of this name paid th e hearth tax. l 52 DEMONO LOGIA

’ se eral tran es in w c h w r v c , hi h s e sa Tho p s wife and P W e a t the lac cat and the ew t. g i , b k , T hi They hrea ene to s a her b ut she e e t em and sa t t d l y , d fi d h , id they woul n t l v d o ea e until they were hanged . The cat told her ’ ’ at s w e wou die s ortl and t a r th Dibb if ld h y , h t Tho p s wife wou b I tran h h t ld e hanged . n these ces s e ad he stifi ness of her mem ers and r s n s in her o and th b , i i g b dy, e like ass ns s p io a before . On u s a th 2 th of ar a et was T e d y, e 5 M ch , Eliz b h in a ’ ran e in her b and or s w e ame t c ed, Th p if c in at the chamber door ; the woman gave her a blow upon the ee and la u on her in bed w ereu on she was i ch k, y p , h p n tran e for ort m b ut ne t er of em s a c a sh ti e, i h th p ke to the other. On urs a the 27th of ar a et e in ran Th d y, M ch , Eliz b h f ll t ce ’ and saw or s w fe who in her a ron had a oa Th p i , , p , l f of rea w a h r mot r m sse t a da ro b d , hich lo f e he i d h t y f m the a e w r l Th w man sa she too it out of pl c he e it ay. e o id k the desk when her sister Hellen opened the same for so me r a ut that n t b e d to give her brother Edward . Abo i s ant of this trance my daughter Hellen came homewards from ’ Fu st n m t or s w fe u on the r ’ y o e Mill and did ee Th p i p b idge . e w t o wor s ou h a t r et asse u . Th y t c ed e ch o he , y p d i h t d On r a the 1 l th of r 1 623 a et was omin F id y, Ap il , , Eliz b h c g to me a w n a ro a and the wa i h s I as walki g b d, by y n t e ourt th l h w t ame to her and c e b ack cat and t e Te hi c , said t e W h am n h y would put her in the water. hen s e c e ear me she was in trance and el to the round at the orner of , f l g c h t e ar en . too her u and rou t her nto the g d I k p, b gh i kit en and sh oo u and au e to see the cat and th ch , e l ked p l gh d e ’

r t. h r t e ou t for or s bi d figh They told e h y f gh Th p wife,

Fewston Mill has c eased to grind c orn ; th e water that turned i s m t achinery is now di verted and applied to another purpose. The ’ ri on e b dg e which Helen Fairfax met Thorp s wife was , w presume from ir n n hin n the ot bei g able to pass withou t their ski rts touc g , a arrow arc onl in n - s n ers wa lon h y te ded for pack ho rses and foot pas e g , s g ago re lac e b one for carria nd a in i s u rn has ee s p d y g es, a th t t t b n u perseded by a viaduct o ver th e by-wash and a roadway on the top of the em an m nt of the Fewston reservoir of the or or b k e Leeds C p ation.

154 DEMONOLOGIA and that he conscientio usly believed that the manifestations which he saw in his c hildren were not due to any natural or or nar ma a but to the wor o f at an and his di y l dy, k S h ” a ut r h s w e o o s t e w t e . ick d c dj , i ch At the present time we look back with surprise and wonder on the period when witchcraft was an article of

o ar re ous and i oso a e e . Tw en r es p pul , ligi , ph l phic l b li f o c tu i a on as awa s n to dou t w a w n w h ve ly p sed y i ce, b h t e o hold to be an m oss e r me woul a e su e te ha i p ibl c i , d h v bj c d t t ter to be ran e as an at e st and ro bl also doub b d d h i , p ba y W l th f consigned him to an ignominious death. i l e lapse o two of the centuries which now form part of the future destroy our present creed in the same manner ? We cannot — answer though we suspect that some of it will be cast a as a n side thi g o utworn . or una e t s a of s r t t on and rue has F t t ly , hi ge upe s i i c lty as e awa —th a f w r ha n we h p s d y e ge o itchc aft s go e, m for ever.

Our witches are no longer old

- And wrin kled beldames, Satan sold ; B u oun and nd u hi n r a ur s t y g gay a la g g c e t e , ’ With th e h eart s sunshi ne on their features — Th eir sorcery th e light whi ch dances Where th e raised lid un veils its glances ; ’ r h a ow h d and n l n O t t l b reat ge t e to e, ’ Th e mu sic of love s twili ght h ours ; o m- air mo n S ft, drea like as a f y a A o i in ow r b ve th e n ghtly clos g fl e s. A DISCOURSE ON WITCHCRAFT . 1 55

THE FAMILY AND DE S C ENDANTS O F

IRF X E DWARD FA A .

E ami of Ewar a r a so far as we now H f ly d d F i f x, k , n i of our sons and our au e rs co s sted f f d ght . The sons w re W am omas E war and enr e illi , Th , d d , H y ; h a ters were e en a et ar and nne t t e d ugh H l , Eliz b h , M y, A , he

n an as a rea s a e . last of whom died an i f t, l dy t t d m h d s son was a s o ar and i sa Willia , t e el e t , ch l , s id to have been of the same temper as his father (with regard to m a w su ose but ore n a . H tra studious h bits, e pp ) cy ic l e ns ” h L es f the n ent loso ers n lated t e iv o A ci Phi ph , by Dioge es rt u o f ree n o n s w was u Lae i s, ut o G k i t E gli h , hich p blished ta under the name of his friend Mr. S nley ; who also pub an t n of the ree tra e an Eur d s th lished edi io G k g di ipi e , e greatest portion of the notes to which were supplied by

o the e ree o f B . A. at or s Fairfax . He to k d g C pu Christi

or o er 26th 1 675 . College , Oxf d , Oct b , h e on son is sa on somew a Thomas, t e s c d , id h t doubtful '

n a e een a esu t. here was a ou evide ce, to h v b J i T b t this ma a r a a esu t of St mers sa to be f time a Tho s F i f x, J i O , id o mi f orks re and who was ma the Fairfaxian fa ly o Y hi , de a f a a e e ames but we ar fellow o M gd len Coll g , by J II e not on f war a certain that he was the s o Ed d F irfax . war was he name o f the t ir son and of him w Ed d t h d , e n a he was at Lee s ro a at s oo i only k ow th t d (p b bly ch l) , n

1 622 .

enr the oun es son was at ome w his aren s H y, y g t , h ith p t ,

o Ma 21st 1 622 . at Newhall , n y , 156 nm onot ocrA

th th wido w f w r a was ur e at Doro y , e o Ed ard Fai f x, b i d h w n Jan 24 h 1 . H r te Jan 1 8t Fe sto . t 648 e wil is a . , l d d , 1 48 in w ic sh is st h a r a of Newhall 6 . h h e yled Dorot y F i f x , , n lew man and wh sh all her ossess ons to ge t o . by ich e gives p i v in r a r be di ided to three parts : one to be given to he d ughte , ll t wi on er ar Een Yea es, fe of Christopher Yeates ; e oth p t t her da hter ar Scarborou w e of Lawren e ar o ug M y gh , if c Sc h and the ther a o ar son her homug ; o p rt to D rothy Rich d , and- au ht r an au t r of i ar on and gr d g e . d d gh e Phil p Rich ds w ma add o f h r au ter Eza et the l tt e ess e of e y e d g h li b h, i l B i t Dxemonolo i a he g . Hel en the el es t au hter of war air a so frs l . d d g Ed d F f x , uentl mentioned in the Dmmonolo ia was as alr a q y g , , e dy ted he tised at Fewston in 1 605 and marr to sta . , , ied to h r Testes in 1636 as is ro e a n Chris p e . , p v d by lice ce rai ned in that ear to ris o er eates eoman f g y Ch t ph Y , y , o atele Brid e and He len air a s nster of the ar sh P y g . l F f x, pi , p i w marr at of Fews ton : ith liberty to y either Pate ley Bridge n h a n w or Fews t n. T e family of Ye tes i to hich Hellen married was of ood old oman sto c on res en at g ye k, l g id t in the ha elr o f ornt wa te and at a Padside. c p y Th h i , P teley e v ri s o f t s marr a a Bridg . The sur i ng is ue hi i ge ppears to hr n an two au ers who are have been t ee so s d d ght , men '

i n in th ir ather s w ma e Feb . 1st 1 an t o ed e f ill . d , 65 5 , d

r ved in Ma 1 65 6 . In wh he es r es mse p o y. ich d c ib hi lf as ris to r eate o f Pa s e and ves to his ear w Ch phe Y s, d id , gi d ife Hellen for her life one half of the gaits he has on the s and her u th rd of all th stinted pa ture o f Deere , f ll i e rest war Y f his rt not s ose of. To ea s h o prope y di p d Ed d te , is

l t s n he secon a of the a s &c . wit the r r e des o , t d h lf g it , , h e ve h a f his m t r on h r To sion of t e h l left to o he e death . John ates his n son all t a messua e co ta e Ye , seco d , h t g , t g , or an en u n with an a tache at rac en-faw in ci t b ildi g , l d t d B k ,

wer e and in occu at on of o n Motterhead. T Be l y, p i J h o ‘ h r at s his t r son he ea es 4 3 . Th Christop e Ye e , hi d , l v 0 e two

What became of this son in after life we know not . The following he will cf a er f h extracts from t Christoph Yeates , o t e parish of St . l m s on on ated 16 7 6 s ow e ond th ran e of ru C e ent , L d , d , h b y e g m ble

1 58 DEMONOLOGIA

of Timble b w om h , y h e had an only son Christopher w eates ho ed Se t. l 0th 1 7 w ma Y , di p , 78 ; hose pre ture

' decease so dee l aflected his at er and a n no r p y f h , h vi g di ect heir t at he r v to u an f , h esol ed b ild d endow a school or the educa t on o f the oo r c ren of th ne ur oo as i p hild e ighbo h d, a monument t his m mor n his th o e . O e eas e t. 2 y d c e, S p 9 , 1 777 he had ro d fo r the same th . p vi ed and in e following ear Bra thwa te c oo was oun and en owe y i i S h l f ded, d d ’ acco r n to the ro v sions of his w w h m t di g p i ill , it a as er s house sc oo remses twent - t ree res of an nd . h l p i , y h ac l d , a nine cattle gaits ; and made free for all the poor children of ads e and of all t ose who s al e w t n twe P id , h h l resid i hi lve houses m Dacre- and- Bewerley four of these houses being at Deer n at the ts r at H l bottom an s six e ee o e d I g , H igh , th , thr h h mi of ea es ee at the Row . us t ou t e a Th , gh f ly Y t — the descendants of the poet Fairfax have ceased to exist at a s e the ar ta e ene ac tion of the as of the P d id , ch i bl b f l t race yet continues to benefit and enlighten the neighbour ood w ere the we t and we rus w ont nue to do h h y d l , t t ill c i so to th e end of time .

He had from his birth

his fame mus inhabi r h Lyved soe, t still t ea t , Hath left to earth his earth ; his better part ’ hi m mor h man s h r H n k s s e ood ea t . eave eepe , y eac g —Old E t h p i ap .

n r ro u to w om ar a r a the ir Laure ce Sca bo gh, h M y F i f x , th d f the oet was marr e was of the er daughter o p , i d , v y respectable family o f that name settled in Craven in the w and ar to n one of w om marrie a parishes o f Kild ick C l , h d Th marr a oo ace at Clapham o f Beamsley . e i ge t k pl

‘ m in 1 641 and in the en e the art es are Addingha , ; lic c p i described as Laurence Scarboro ugh of the parish of

r e o n a e 29 ears eo man and ar a r a Ca l t , g d y , y , M y F i f x , m ” S nster a e 23 ears o f the ar s o f n a . pi , g d . y , p i h Addi gh r ton ar s re ster the o owin entri s In the C a le p i h gi , f ll g e

r e ent e on in to t s am o ccu , vid ly b l g g hi f ily

Ellen dau h ter of n boro h m 1 . aur ce car u . B aptis s 165 , g L e S g 1653 illiam son of u renc c rborou h . W , La e S a g . mscou sn O A a N WITCHCRAFT . 159

Of the further descendants of this pair we have no further n rmation direct i fo . The ast au ter abeth a r a marr n 1 l d gh , Eliz F i f x, ied i 635 li ar son who was o f ate e r e or Low Phi p Rich d , P l y B idg , s o s e in N er a e w om she had on au Bi h p id , idd d l , by h e d ghter

name a ter her ran m t er orot . a t ar d f g d o h , D hy Eliz be h Rich d ’ son e e o re the ma n of her mot er s w in 1 648 di d b f ki g h ill , w r n her ort on is eft to her on he ei p i l ly child . Philip ar son a terwar s marr e ra e mot r f Rich d f d i d G c , he o John e w t of ewer e w ose w fe was ar au B ck i h , B l y, h i M y , d ghter ’ o f ar es a r a o f enston. A mn s rat n Ch l F i f x , M d i i t io to the effe s o f i ar son at Low s o s e as ct Ph lip Rich d , Bi h p id , w ran e to his w ow ra e and to his au r g t d id (G c ) , d ghte , ’ ar son u us 1 7th 1 670 . r Dorthy Rich d , A g t , Afte her father s eat orot R ar son was tenant of th d h, D hy ich d e Pateley m l a on w t her ste mot er M s r e r . r B idg il , l g i h p h , G ace Mrs ar s a o I 1 6 2 . c on a Rich rds n. n 7 Ri h d p id Hearth Tax

f m n in s o s e . In 1 6 7 bra a F w or the il e Bi h p id 7 , A h m a son surrendered a kiln belonging to a milne in Pateley Bridge to the use o f John Beckwith (son of Grace ar son her rst us an and orot ar s n Rich d by fi h b d, ) D hy Rich d o , n o s r (Court Roll o f Thornton a d Bish p ide . ) F om the above

e tra s we see t a o rot ar son ran - au er x ct , h t D hy Rich d , g d d ght a r a was n at a e e r e unma of Edward F i f x , livi g P t l y B idg , rried in 1 677 when she would be upwards of thirty years is sh m r h of a . The ues on e ar ? s e not ge q ti , did y If did , w h the line of Fairfax there ends ith er. The family of Fairfax appear to have abandoned Newhall ’ on the eat o f Mrs. Do rot a r a the oet s w ow i d h hy F i f x , p id , n 1 648 a er a res en e t ere o f a ou went - e , ft id c h b t t y ight years. m w w In 1 6 2 Mr. a es es as e e e e o u 7 , J Sik , b li v , cc pier of Newhall and was assesse to eart tax in t a , d h h h t year.

He was the fi t son of omas First or Fair a aron of f h Th , L d f x , b meron orn Marc 5th 1595 marrie in 1625 Mar Ca , b h , , d y, daughter and m e of o n B rear of Scou h Hall . Her ran o e w h ir J h y, g ( g d th r as daughter

- wi of S u and cc heir of John Beck th , co gh Hall , in the Forest of

s orou . He was a colonel in the arm a learne an K nare b gh ) y, d tiquary, ” r m r l f and compile of the fa ily pedig ee, the Ana ecta Fair axiana. He 4 was buried at Bolton Percy, April 8th , 166 . 1 60 DEMONOLOGIA

On the 3rd of m 1 h e e ber 878 t e Rev. Ro er S pt , , b t Collyer, a st n u s e n tar an m n ster t en of h a o now f di i g i h d U i i i i , h C ic g , o New or in the n te ates of mer ca a na Y k , U i d St A i , ( tive of u er ouses in the ar s o f ewsto n e ere Bl bb h , p i h F , ) d liv d a e ture on war airfa and e wston in l c Ed d F x F , in the Fewston Board School - room ; from which we make the follo wing extract descripti ve o f the era when the action of the Daemonologia commences I wonder whether we can quite realize what a very old world it is in which Fewsto n a h c n be seen when t e poet tells his story . Just think of the time when there were great numbers still alive of those old sea dogs who had hung on the flanks o f the an s rma a w en the monster ore own n Sp i h A d , h b d o us to rush the re fe out o f n an and es e h c f e li , E gl d, b id t e grand t n the t emse es ou e h w figh i g y did h lv , c ld t ll o God fought for us w th th arti r of ea en r n t i e lle y h v , d ivi g hem to w n m destruction with His mighty i ds . So e of those men were alive telling this story when Fairfax sat at his desk t n n to tell us about Fews o a d the witches . And there were men living on the Washburn who well remembered Guy Fawkes when he had a farm some twenty years f n w k be ore this date do wn Scotto ay. Sha espere had only een a out five ears in his ra e w en the stor e ns b b y g v h y b gi , and as the wr er ta es are to te us he was no ur an it k c ll P it , and must have been in London to see his book out about the ose of the re ous entur and ss the an f cl p vi c y, ki h d o Her Majesty when she accepted the dedication ; he might and probably did see Shakspere in some o f his o wn plays ; met him ss in om an at the tr h n t po ibly c p y Mi e, if e did o think himself rather above the Stratford black sheep ; and certainly could have told eno ugh about him to stop the writing o f a great deal of nonsense in our time a s to the mann r o f man he was en t a r n r wh e . t e u e o Th , h P i c R p t, ma e suc a ra et u and o wn th se da es and ame d h ck p d e l , c er near urn n enton Ha was to n a ou in v y b i g D ll , ddli g b t 1 62 1 a t ree ear old c and a ma a warran o , h y hild dc p, I t y u ; and To air a who was to i e him a ut all h ou m F f x , g v bo e c ld do in the wa of t n was a ad o f e e en tro n y figh i g, l l v , tti g

I f M BELL

r Pmfi mnn ir l fis d M ille . Th urma m y published ’ ~ 1 m a n£ 1fl ves ( f i ne Tm h s the follo wing

‘ d unner] : smu t 1 5 ft!! mh fir m e xe rt so me public monu m n n fi w m d fi dm d f ahfi g m r the place fi m mm a m rf fi s himime and whem he was

* 11 m t m um: ( of r re t not onl m b u be deep eg . y - ' o v : 5 hm$ 3 everv lower of his co untr s t e er m . y

- - fi st s-v an d B ms th at em m arinl —e xce t the re t ar . r p man

f ' I i a r it t be fo un Th he h t fil c mno d. e

' buri al h as tee n des xm ei or is l es . A marble slab sa y , id i to have marked the place o f h : interment in Fewston Ch h f v th r is not ne w t e n an m urc . i e er e e o be s e , d ust have perished in the fim b y which that church was in part v a 1 6 Ev the h whi f r destro b out . en o use ch o r ed. 79 o a . p b bly 30 v was the ho me o f himself and his faml has now ents i y , — f — n w t e verv vestige o ir b ee s ept away. Is his to remain the case with the memorv o f Edward Fairfax ? Is he to remai n e t tmh onou re d and unsun ? a p , , g

Wha h r c men and wo men o r the or orat on f t say t e i h , C p i o th town in wh c for a time he we t an who e grea t i h d l , d have now themselves swept away the last material — memor a o f him viz . his orest ome the o wn o f i l , , f h t s ? s is the a e o f ente nar es And e en a Leed Thi g c i . v grate ful co untry has ere now erecte d national monu ments — to less worthy less talented citizens than Edward

a r a . But t ese a l w no wea t or er F i f x if h f i , ill l hy f est , or

. ’ r s reman or n s men — no o er o f his ountr s Yo k hi , E gli h , l v c y — fame and literature wipe away the reproach o f the last resting place of the poet o f the forest being left without a o a to mark the s ot or to re or his w o t an mem ri l p , c d r h d his wor s ? w n ow a mar le monument in the ur k A i d , b ch ch , or etter st the restora on o f the w o e or a ort on o , b ill , ti h l , p i f ' A DISCOURSE ON wrrcs caar r . 1 63

n w h w r h ur n fe the sacred buildi g in hich e o s ipped d i g li , and in which his remains now rest - awaiting the resurrec r —w u r n onour to the onor as onour to tion mo n o ld b i g h d , h mer th r nt of it. The act wou be e e ecipie ld lik cy ,

’ Twice blessed, It lesse him h a ives and hi m h a akes b th t t g , t t t

With these extracts we conclude our remarks on the Dazmonolo ia of war a r a w ma be s e an g Ed d F i f x , hich y tyl d e so or on a ara ra in the stor of w t ra t pi de, ly p g ph , hi y i chc f — that dark cloud of credulity and crime which over s a owe uro e oth e ore and a er the er o w en h d d E p , b b f ft p i d h was wr t en and w we rust has now eare awa it i t , hich t cl d y never to return.

For loo a ain on th e as ears —beh old k g p t y , ’ lown like th e ni htmare s hi deous sh a s awa F g pe y, Full man a h orri le worshi th a of o d y b p , t l , ’ Held o er h sh u erin realms un u s ioned sw , t e dd g , q e t ay.

1 66 THE ECLOGUES OF

’ m mnt and with it part of the duke s ’ fa r s lo dgings where th e book was ; but with my the ” h eb l re covere d thmn o ut of his loose papers. aks of th From th e manner in wlnch Mrs Co oper spe em, H r words a c omplete oopy mu st have existed in 1 737 . e “ lation of God re of are Mr. Fairfax b side the trans , e f y

’ th o by th e indulge nce of th e family I am permitted to

oblig e the world with a specimm of their beauties. A v nse howe er ma e fa our I am proud to say will m one se , v , k this c ol ti on m lete since it was im ossi e it s ou lec co p , p bl h ld b e so w w t a a book called Da morwlo ie ith out. He ro e lso g ,

eal o f It is s l a MS . d ancient reading and knowledge . ti l M th Eclo ues the rs . Cooper thus pres erved o ne o f e g ( fourt of the seri s and ave it to the u l ano er h e ). g p b ic ; th has been recently discovere d at the end o f a manuscript book in th an w tin th rd Lor a r a e h d ri g of Thomas, i d F i f x , now in the Bodle an L brar at for eaded i i y, Ox d, h , A dia Re o e made b m uncle Mr . . a r a in a o e l g y y , Ed F i f x, l g ” w w ar n t bet i t to w h a ards . in v r e e o x s e p S ce this disco e y, without hopes that o thers exist and may yet be found . The poetry has all the sweetness for which Fairfax has been so ra sed and is u te as me od ous as t at of highly p i , q i l i h

his rea ontem orar enser. g t c p y , Sp The o ues are al e o r ca a ora s an on re i ous Ecl g l g i l p st l , d lig — subjects o ne on a perversion to the creed of a cruel and rru ur the o t er is in raise of r a ur es An co pt ch ch ; h p iv l ch ch . m nse amount f i me o learning has been lavished upon them.

Mrs . Coo er sa s Th arn n t p y , e le i g hey contain is so various n e tens e t a o r n to th a d x iv , h t acc di g e evidence o f his sen ’ (who has written large annota tions on each) no man s rea n es es his own was suffi en to e a n the di g b id ci t xpl i , ” references effectually . There is certainly much truth in this assertion ; in some o fthe stanzas of the fourth eclogue learned allusions are piled up on each other in such ro us on as to ew er th p f i , b ild e reader and commentator and EDWARD FAIRFAX. 1 67 make them wish that the annotations of the son had ’ accompanied his father s verses ; it wo uld also have saved h tr u o f a n us t e o ble ppendi g an inferior series. We now for the first time print these Eclog ues in a o u ar orm so at t e ma be r a the we rs in p p l f , th h y y e d by d lle the valley of the Washburn and the wilderness of the orest of nares oro u w ere e r aut or res e mor F K b gh , h th i h id d e an w a ha a th t o centuries nd a lf go . The fifth Eclogue o f Edward Fairfax commences thus

“ ’ on V erbeia s willow -wattled brim Up , M as dr s h e wands and wic r rim As asp e t t ke s t .

s V r eia ta On this his son ha this note . e b I ke to be the anc ient name of the Wherfe which watereth the n f ur am and am in s on rm native cou try o o f ily , I thi c fi ed by an alter sic so nscr be w a ter is o ser e m ( ) i i d, hich l b v d by y a r some ears be ore Sir o er otton and Mr f the y f R b t C . Camden came to this same monument where it stoo d at the ’

W r in War M S . I oo o s . t town of Ilkley . ( df d d ) seemeth probable to me that Verbeia was the supposed n m of the r er for the a tar was ere e to her y ph iv , l ct d in water and ere s oo as ate as the memor of the , th t d, l y In th s o parents of such as live yet in the house . e teeple ( f

- r is a has re e wh Dr . tu e e a s Ilkley Chu ch) li f, ich S k l y c ll a r f r u s ran n the s r n s b ut th figu e o He c les t gli g e pe t , e tradition of the place makes it a statue of the Go ddess V ’ m n r ia an nt on h r a tar . ou s a e e be cie ly placed e l G gh C d ,

. . 289 Ed of 1 6 . III p , . 80

170 m m oc t ns or

y what m an t n M friend . e s his silent lame tation W " on this field of mirth th s realm of sm s k . i ile , B oth the fieree war of griefe make such in vasion Witt Timanthes had he seen ere w es y hil , fat» of woe th cheek of sadness ears y b , ’ ’ o c A am mnon s He had n t urtained g e tears.

l k treads no t t u on th The b ac ox ye p y toe ,f Nor thy san d for tune turns her wheele away ; v ks incre ase and tho u increasest so Ttg floc , ; Thy stragliug ge n es ne w mild and gentle playe ; ’ And that feule Love thou whip st away with rods Then what wts thee and joy so far at odds ?

Eglon.

v w l n o e Nor lo e, nor los of M t that or dli gs l v , Be it dres wealth dream leasure smo e or s , , p , k Can lu v welle ettled thought to passion mo ve r cause i is that makes me sorr A g eater t y, But known to thee it mav seem small or none ‘ Under his fello w s burden who needs grone

l l for m ram sha die Yet te l me Eg on, y ll On the same altar where thy goat doth burn ; i s m oliv trees k dr Else let these k d y e lic y, ’ And let my sheep to shag-hayr d Musmonst turn ! h n w th rien s are common r e and sorrow All t i gs i f d , g i f

Men without bond or interest freely borrow .

is is a u h w r of th s am Th a beautiful ll sion to t e o k Timan e , a f ous r n w o o G eek pai ter , h fl urished in the third century before Christ . His icture of the sac rifice of h n was h mir w erein h p Ip ige ia hig ly ad ed , h e re resen all the s rs in r m of b r wi p ted pectato the ext e e grief, ut cove ed th ’ a eil he ac of A m on v t f e ga emn , the victim s father . deeming it impossible ss his rrow b n to expre so y the pe cil . 1 This is a proverbial expression sig nifying the commencement of

misfortune.

The Musmon wa a wil I s d hairy sh eep . If indeed it was over any E DWARD FAIRFAX. 171

E n glo .

Sumceth to each man his own mishap ; Yet for our friends our eye oft spends more tears Than for ourselves ; our neighbour in his lap ometimes our r o r S g ief, u losses never beares ; Fitte r to weep than help when need requires So soon the a in stee of r n h lt g d f ie dship tires.

’ ‘ ou know st had a e n er amb a Th I t d l ; cade, ’ Nourish t w m and morse s r mm ith ilk l f o y table, a in m osom its so o n a Th t y b ft l dgi g m de, ’ And cherish t was and fed as I was able ; was m i m ar n and m ue n It y ch ld, y d li g, y q e , And might for shape a Passover ‘thave been 1

’ I kept it for an offering gainst the day a the rea od of s e er s P n Th t g t g h ph d , a , shall come. Not he whose thousand lambs did feed and stray

On Sicil s on a n h ro h m . hill , e such t ig t b ug t ho e Nor could the ram wonne by the lords of Greece; m Co pare his guilded with her pearled fleece .

s ri un f ardinia cript beast, is thus desc bed In the co try o S , there is a M m sfi rm certain beast which they call uflo , the like whereof (as so e ) is not in all Europe . It hath a shinne and hairs like unto a deer or hart .

lik e un a r u th a s. crooked horns to ramme, which bend backwa d abo t e c re In bignesss it may be compared to a buck ; he feedeth only u pon grasse and herbs, and keepeth most about mountains ; is very swift in running , ” M di b o n and his flesh is very good to be eaten . Speculum un , y J h

Swan, 1643.

A tame, soft, delicate, gentle thing .

” 1 A lamb witho ut a blemish . I An allu sion to the expedition of Jason and his warrior Greeks to h l win h fin l ri in he Ar onautics of C o cos, to t e golden fleece , e y desc bed t g a uri su with Appoloniu s Rhodius. Thi s has always been favo te bject ’ poets. Th e gate of Spencer s Bower of Bliss Of Jason and Mede a was ywritt l n fi Her mighty charms, her furious ovi g tt His goodly conquest of the golden fleece ; Hi l fli s fal sed fayth , and love to o light y tt

The wondred Argo which in venturous peece, First through the Euxine seas bore all the flow: of Greece.

174 m m omma or

f s m str ss ea s Hither the traitor ox hi i e l d , Intis n h r w t sweetness of the a e i g e i h pl c , Till on a hidden net unwares she treads r embra e The silken threads their guileless p ey c , ’ Yet hurt her not ; the subtile fowler smil d ; ’ ’ Nor knew the Bottrell yet she was beg uil d.

‘ ' t a a se snare w erew t the u o - smith No th t f l , h i h c ck ld l ’ Shamd his queen and himself ; nor that sly gin s o o au t the eat- man iant w t A t lf ; c gh g i h,

’ mcolcns — n s . The s c n is the Ru tw ra the peare s Love in idl e es e o d g , herb of Grac e a plant ac cording to old herbalists po ssessed of a

l is Na rci ssu s seudo o narcissu s . Sha es thousand virtu es. And the ast p k ’ e p eare s Dafi odil that comes before the swallow dares, and tak s the ’ winds of March with beauty.

A bird of the Plover species, noted for its sing ularity and stu o l s m im e f n pidity. The country pe p e are ai d so et es to go in qu st o it i te or can on the night with a ligh d torch dle, and the bird on these occasi s will mimic the actions of the fowler with great archness and falls a

i u i . As v ctimto its own st p dity silly as a B otterell , is a common pro n verbial expressio .

' i 1 Vul can . Th s wonderful net is described by Homer in the i Odyssey, Book vii

’ ’ o e re n Wh s textu ev the search of god s deceives, film ” Thin as the y threads the spider weaves. n h Of its u se , we say ot ing , those who wish to know it must read for

themselves.

’ I The net of the giant Cagliorant is thus described in Hoole e tran ’ alation of Ariosto s Orlando Furioso .

To seize he wr c hi s lu n ma t et h g tto w destroys, With cruel sport he first a net employs n r u m n Of wo d o s ake, and ear th e cave with care,

Hides in the yellow sands the fatal snare, d ’ l Then toward the estin d p ace with dreadful cries, n He drives the stra ger who afi righted flies, Till with lou d laughter he beholds his net ” With tangling meshes every limb beset .

h h n l w s m i Astolfo at eig t of t e gia t b e hi ag c horn , the sound of whi ch a h o i so terrified the cannibal th t e t ok to fl ght, and

s n h n Headlong he ru she o t e toils, e snared ’ In hi s own toils for others oft prepar d ;

The net expanding drags himto the ground, ” And clasps m twining links hi s body round. EDWARD FAIRFAX. 175 “ Nor a ra n a her w w th t A ch e t kes ild fo le in, Nor those small toiles the morning queen doth set

In r me o fin w r s at n t . eve y ad, s e e e a th e

r a n r - Thus caught he bound he in a ch i th ee fold, And led her to a shady arbour near ; Th n o r t seeme e chai was c ppe , ye it d g old, An r a sun r name ar d eve y link d y did be , Wra s o s ri e en a ar e o u lus th , l th , t f , vy, v ic , f l t, And pride : what flesh can so strong fetters burst ? h ’ An hundred times her virgin lip e kisa t, As oft her mayden finger gently wrung ; Yet what he would her childhoo d nothing wist ; The bee of love her soft heart had not stung ! ’ ’ a h si h he lanc d he s oo his ea In v in e g d, g , h k h d,

Those hierogliphicks were too hard to read .

no na she wou not un erstan She did t, y, ld d d, Upon what errand his sweet smiles were gone ; n i rrow oat so me o e she on And i h s bo ed c h l f d, Through which she spied all was not gold that shone ’ Y t hi o th wor man so as e still s to ls e k ply d f t, - w That her speed wmg his lime t ig took at last .

mh r so t e he Her silver rug fro e f hid clipt, n t a an as t n And on her body k i c v hi , - - urs en s r With twenty party colo ev ly t ipt, ’ ’ th Zebra s ra n-bow s And guarded like e r i kin, ’ oa s oun amar and a re a e s Such c t y g T ,1 f y R ch l "child ‘ ’ u ofi w n h was so and she defil d. P t , he e ld,

’ Th s i r. or h s r of Arach ne see O vi s M e p de F t e to y d etamorphosis, n Book vi . Spenser has the same thought in early the same words : a More subtile web Arac hne c nnot spin , Nor the fine nets which oft we woven see ’ O scorc ed dew do not in th a re more li l f h , y ght y flee.

r f The skin of the Zeb a is smooth as satin , and adorned with ele an stri es like rib ons w ic in th male ar g t p b , h h e e brown on a yellowi sh whi un and h e l te gro d, in t e f male b ack on a white ground. Natives of the scorching plains of South Africa . l I See H. Samue , chap . 13, v. 18 and 19 .

Jose h . ha 3 . 3 23 32 ll p See Genesis, c p . 7, v , , . 17 0 THE someone or

’ ’ Th m k t ra niz d ere ourn d the blac , the purple y n , ’ ’ The ru ’ an re n th wanton la d sset hop d, d g e e p y ’ e o w s ts su as o s uis Y ll py d faul in. ch l ve di g ed ; ’ arnation esir d w a ma C still d , hite lived yd ; ’ ue e his fa t unstain d red e to ea h Bl k pt i h , bl d d t ,

And or - f lorn tawney wore a willow wreath .

t es an nt w un m r All h e , d twe y ne fo d colours o e, Were in the weft of that rich garment wrought ; And who ha arm d oo n w r t t ch e vesture t k a d o e,

Like it were changeable in will and th ought . W at won er n n so smoo a ate h d the , if o th pl , He stam t a en w r on an an e sa e ? p fi d, he e ce g l t

us a h r hron of lass Th cl d e set he on a t e g , And spread a plenteous table on the green ; And e er la r f v y p tte o true porcelain was, ’ W ha a u n m n een hich d tho sa d years in te p ri g b , Yet did the cates exceed the substance fine ; So rare the v an re so r th wine ! i ds we , ich e

Lu ull ‘ ' w a f m a c us l as niggard o his e t, ’ And sparefunof his cups seemd Anthony

’ Pastorals . We Brown e, a contemporary of Fairfax, in hi s Britannia s extract a few specimens s l v s The potless lily, by whose pure ea e be in Noted, the chaste thoughts of verg ity ;

’ ’ The fit Impresa s for infiam d desire ; ’ The harebell for her stainless azur d hue

Claims to be worn of none but those are true, ’ The yellow king -cup Flora then assign d

To be the badges of a jealous mind .

The columbine i n tawny often taken , Is then ascribed to such are forsaken ; ’ Flora s choice buttons of a russet dye ” Is hope, even in the depth of misery.

i i n us ucullu s a Roman command le rate d for his f Luc us L ci i L er, ce b militar talents but more for his e trava ant and lu urious easts. y , — x g x f B . . i Born about 115 C L ved to th e age of 68 .

M n th el ra or . 1 arc Anto y, e c eb ted Roman triumver, famous f his mili d amo rs es eciall tu y talents an u , p y with Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, and his luxury. Killed himself, 30

1 78 m m em or

The Bogh t -worm’ that joynts asunder frets ’ The plag ue that sco urged wanto n Cressed sf vice ; And that great evil] which viper- wine makes so und: ’ Compared with hers, are but a pin s small woun d .

The astl raven from the blasted cake g y fl ,

The wake-birdson my chimney well- nigh spoke

cf Thia h o w in the wth year lc nay disease, t ugh no of

So named from a ton in h ctrimwhm it is said to b e ab undant. It is also found in both the Ea st and West Indies ; also in Egypt “ " where it is ca llcd the m cf Pharaoh . Dampier tell s us that these

wom s are no thioker than a large bro wn thread , b ut ab out five or six Th must be dran u h a u an r yards lcm. ey o t ef t e flesh g r d ally inch o two u on at a time , and mlled p a pieoe of stiek ; if they m broken in draw

’

h a nt s lif . ful, and endanger t e p tie e

' ‘ - of the sons of Priam kin of Tro — cf l roilus . one . g y, an heroine of a r of Shakes r —o f w Chances and a char cte pea e, hom th e latter says “ - ‘ O Cresé d ! oh false Ch esmd ! false, false, fals e ! b Let ali untruths stand y thy stained name,

’ he old h si an ik e h u s Doctor have read the writing s of all t p y ci s . L C a cer

Well knew he the old Esculapius ,

H and Old Hippocrates, aly, Galen ,

m en n n e Averrois , Da asc e, Co sta tin ,

nd r in . Barnard and Gattisden , a Gilbe t e

ir of ill -omen romth e most remote anti. II The raven has been a b d f r his wea r win s nor ive vent The poor bird could neve rest y g , g guity . native lan ua e wit out stri in terror to the h eart to his feelings in his g g h k g

’ h s dreadful messen er The ill -faste owls, deat g ,

- rum of doleful drere. The hears night raven . t p EDWARD FAIRFAX.

But I alas ! foresaw no after- clap ! "i ' r w m ens sure s e er s s n of 1 Yet c e y h , h ph d ig ill -s h But my fond heart in bird pell ad no skill .

r sou the Lea w se Mardo ha Fo help I ght ch, i p ge, ' t d the En s — at an rman aw I ry gli h B h , d Ge Sp ; To Walsin ham wen on r ma e g f I t pilg i g , And said strong Charmes that kept even Death in awe 1 Yet none of these can her lost health restore ’ no m am s e er s m Ah , y l b r cov y co teth ore !

Alexis.

a n a t n is man w at w So v i hi g , h least e fear That soonest haps the evill we present feel r n r at r an u s an o r s an ar B i gs g e e g i h th u o uls c be , ’ Des rat we are in woe ar ess in wea l p e , c el l Un a en un eare ill t us n f ll , f d if be ide , the Are we past hope ; so vain a thing is man 1

r a s rant t an r o f t s G e t i I g , he d ge hy heep But yet there is a salve for every so re a s e er who our o and us Th t h ph d fl ck doth keep, To reme t s s ness on e ore dy hi ick l g b f , Killéd a hol lamb ar s otless ur y , cle , p , p e W ose oo the sa e is all o ur earts to ure h bl d lv h c .

Call for that surgeon goo d to dress her wound

‘ Bath her in holy water of thy tears ! Let her in bands o f faith and love be bound 1, And w e on ear she s en s her r m hil th p d pilg i years, Then for thy charmpray with the publican And so restore thy lamb to health again !

Th win f ens is an om n of e cro g o h e evil , so much so that it has passed into a proverb that A crowing hen and a whistling fl are as l ” i l as a witch about the hou se .

The town of t at name in Nor ol a famou 1 h f k , s plac e of pilgrimage in the old Ro a li An man C tho c day . old ballad writer makes ignorance say 3 B ut our lady of Walsinghame Was ur a p e and holy zaint, And many men in pilgrimage

Did showto her complaint. M W fi Q - w ufi h fird th t a great deal

t cb ri m a ' surface M uf fi ns-i x . M b

m as the theologic

The fi ng d ths dou u ned a Cn c v hieh c ha oon red Wifi l

Caius Fannius - 1 Sh abo , a Rom Consul in the ear cf li y o me , “ and B . C . 157 . Durin his consulshi a law w g p , as made by the Senate of the onsul was C called Fa n i a .

' A Greek termsi nif m Mas r I g y g te s/the Feast.

182 mmECLOGUES or

he n m hs the fa r sis ers oft Oft came t y p , i y t " ss an ar s s Fersmk their mo y beds d li d oft, ’ And o ft the half-gri ds? at their music s sound ’ C w w t ar an s crown d. ome, and their bro s i h ivy g l d s ‘ s a - aved we s Ye edg y lake nd pebble p ll , P i fie s a w s And then. great alest n these ld th t d ell , Ho w o ft hav o u hid in the s a s ra s e y , h dy p y , ‘ ‘ o nd a s st n d n s s his o es a . ld e hycse ngs, l v l y s e and oa s of Jove And you high tr tched pines k , ! he w o t ll- l of th s ro e T n anton Ech . e c ock i g v , ’ ’ e f i l s e s r se resoun Ilew e ft did y n a r ych p ai d, ’ When Hermes charme dwith songs love s bleeding wound P Th s ou s and raised t e r o es urns ey ung by c r e. p h i l v by t , Each cricket lo ves the flame wherein she burns ; And whilst their flecks browse on the s ru s and r h b b iars, he u th ir i s and thus t e sin he r r T y t ne e p pe h y g t i fi es.

neen o m heaven of bl ss Flew my q . my j y. y i , w merit and deserv i See hat my ing s. I b em les and I feed th sh uild thee t p y eep, I i h ifts thy words as laws I br ng t ee g . keep, M b is ashes sack-cl ot is m weed y ed . h y , ‘ I hab s s ens wit J b d drink with Rec . § h o I fee ! ‘ y e vi an thus s fl r n I er all m s r ce d u e ing lo g, ’ Love sweet Flora or then do st me wron me, , g .

h d undefiled m dove Ps yc e my esire. my . y ,

0 comfort me. fer I amsick of love

\ Couches . plsm ef mese. T halt- w r h d ad- ods or h H he ods e e t e eroes. sueh as erc f g e g ules ,

I Pales was the geddess d shephenis md y snm caned

Chaonian Jov . e — 10. i

Ses Song d SM Qhap z, v. i EDWARD FAIRFAX. 1 83

sa r m is s woun e breas Thy c ed te ple thi d d t, Sin error ol m serv e is at bes , , f ly , y ic t - all m row Fo ul leper spots on y body g ,

Wi o ut ese sta ns and was me w e as snow . pe th i , h hit othe me wi nen rown m ea w t o Cl th li , c y h d i h g ld,

r t m wor o e t en ov me o . Fi s make e thy l v , h l e b ld

Lycaon was un a air few oa s sh e Flora yo g, f g t e k pt, T n n s es e her o e her w her s e e ki g pi d , l v d , ith l pt, And i h sw m ra s o o n er eet e b ce uch j y they f und , ’ That with three diadems her head they crown d And on seven heaps‘ their wealth and treasure laid ’

r r on at her eet and ra d . Set he the e , fell f , p y months and two t r serv e r She forty T hei ic p oves, f r h f And takes them o er slaves and or her loves.

Hermes Psyche my virgin bore a blessed son: ra n ase her she to esert run The d go ch d , d , a w r at h r flin s The fiend stream of ate e g , ’ ’ Eart run th oo she s a w t ea e s w n s h d k e fl d , c ped i h gl i g ’ ’ Cr w d tw stars l th d w t the or ous sun o n with elve , c o i h gl i ,

She doth with roes and binds in Eden run. ere s es and r ns in sa et les Th P yche liv eig f y b t, m a a t m b a me and es and e e s . Till ti ti , h lf i p t "

Lycaon Out of th s a ar a t a are e e a sc let be s ppe d , ’ Ten orns he had and ev n ea s rou rear d h § s e h d p dly , ’ l o ma wars His forked tail gainst al the w rld de ,

And smote the r o f rees of oo s of stars. thi d t , fl d ,

l The seven hil s on which the city of Rome stands. 1' And power was given unto him to c ontinue forty and two

mon lati n a . 14 . 5 ths. Reve o , ch p , v .

I See Revelation , chap . 12.

II Ibid . v. 14 .

See R vela ion ha . 13 5 e t , c p . 184 m m esons or

’ Flora his monster cau ht and tnmd his ride t g p , And on his a as on a mul b ck e doth ride . All nat ons ear the eas and ser the dams i f b t ve , ’

And sealed are w h s n r k m . it umbe , mar , and na e

’ Before the gates of Psyche s sheepcote lies Four wondrous easts all u of n b , f ll wings a d eyes, And ro und abo ut them four- and- twenty kings Ofl er u o and m rr and r o s n p g ld y h, p eci u thi gs . ’ ese do s e s ambs ee u an ee All th P ych l k p, c re, d f d , And t ousan t ousan s a in ml - w h d h d , cl d i k white eed, n mns of love and ai h and ne er ease Si g hy f t , v c , And his row a h w s al f ea on b e c ears a e o p ce.

Flora on e o n m si and ur to ea h c f u d e ck h t d t , r she ross me t r e u on me rea e Th ice did c , h ic p b th , times sh t m in a n stream Three e dip e livi g ,

nd sal ve m woun s w t s ttl e sa and ream. A d y d i h pi , lt , c nts sh fo m uar a n s A thousand sai e r y g d ppoi t ,

' l m w oil f a m ano n s And al y head ith o b l i t , m s m r f h r o ks and Then ake e maste o e fl c fold,

r oa s t r or se for o . He g t o keep , o kill , ll g ld

o me so w t mre and a Psyche first t ok iled i h i cl y , Washed in the well of life my filth away ; ’ es robb d me s ew me of a am new s ain Thiev , l ; l b l ’ r th oo e a a n On me she pou d e bl d , I liv d g i at w r a of ea en w ne o f ra e Since th ith b e d h v , i g c ,

m her la m res n a e . She diets e, p y ti g pl c . r s ee m a e ows ea en our o He h p y pl yf ll , h v f ld ,

r s s th or h r o e the ke of o . He pou e e do , e v ic y g ld

Lycaon h t ar ora a ast It was t e fiftie h ye , Fl fe Made for all those that loved and served her beast ;

4 See Revelation, chapter , v. 6 .

1 86 THE ECLOGUES 0 1

Last year my Psyche had a field of corn ; ' ' r d the t es to t the a s w t t orn She sco u di ch , s p g p i h h ' ’ ll d the lan enou she sow d oo see She ti d gh , g d d ; ’ h st d the r ars u u tares and wee S e ubb b i , pl ckt p d ; a crows she e the w l oar out She fr id the , k pt i d b ; ’ ’ And when the sun turu d the year s wheel about h r a t her ro and w en her a n she o S e e p c p, h g i t ld, th rt s t and a u r o un n e . Fo d i y, ix y, h d d f ld

A flock of goats astray from Flora went h r an ma a er t em she sent Doris, e h d id , ft h ; the ass w t Thirsis s or in a But whilst l i h p t g l id, ’ s rt a one and soon t stra d IIer dog ran fo h l , hey y th n of wo es of wh t e s run And like e ki d lv ich h y p g,

They slow and eat the goats and sucklings young . i a t sa e n th w and ro ks. Yet some esc p , v d e oods c

m but us t r s . Doris went ho e, th she los he flock

Wha r s e st air a ne sou t t Do i l ft and lo , f D ph gh ’

And o un a nd t her mo er s s ee o rou t . f d , o th h p f ld b gh

There Psyche bound their wounds and stauncht their blo o d . first she a e emm t en stron er oo At g v th ilk , h g f d , n s s r war A d oon re tored their health . Shephe ds be e ;

W - a ou ee ar as et are . tch, feed , y r sh p ch ge k h c t at is s n or s a n ou must ma e oo All h tole l i y k g d , ’ And Flora s Hylax yet lurks in the wood .

Lycao n

n o omon a e ar a a e u t Ki g S l c d p l c b il , ’ Thatched with tiles of Flora s tresses gilt ; Her legs were silv er posts the house to bear ;

mer ll nown o h e ar . Cleaned them. A form of expression we k t t f nnws nb FAIRFAX . 1 87

Her glo rious thoughts the purple hangings were ; Her reast the resen e and her r th b p c , hea t e throne Her r rown as Lor t r s t iple c , d, he e its alone . Her holy doors she opes to each that knocks ; Her an s ure m rr dro on the ars an o ks ” h d p y h p b d l c .

Her mes

’ s e s a r o s wra ed in ol of P ych f i l ck pp g d proof, ’ o s m e is the r Of G d high te pl gilded oof . Her es the r sta w n ows t rou a ey c y l i d , h gh e ch light ’ A sml n sa nt s oo s in a i i g i h t d y s arrows bright. Her coral lips the doors that turn and twine On ruby hooks ; her mouth the quire divine Her teeth the ivory seats built even and thin ; H r ton t h s l r e gue e i ve bell that rings all in.

Lycaon

The royal town where Flora hath her seat ta n s on se en hi ls we eo e easant r a S d v l , ll p pl d , pl , g e t ; in all ess n s all t a a Rich bl i g , deligh s th t c n Be ven ortune or be wis e man gi by f h d by , uirinns the ar e and ora the serene Q f l g D d , ’

Her bandmaides be . She is the w r s n o ld sole quee . Jo in her streets e in her tem es w e y , lif pl id , And ea and ost is all the wor bes e d d l ld id .

’

Se olomon s Son h . 5 . 5 e S g , c ap , v .

1 From Quirites Ro mans a name intended for The Holy

Roman Empire applied to Germany . Dorad in the same lin e appears E1 D ra o—a lan f l to b e merely a contraction of o d d o go d , often applied w rs t at ime ein the rea u o to Spain . These two po e a th t b g g t s pp rts of

l i s an mai s . T the Papal Church , and fig urative y t h d d he text of this

l c u as it stoo . u inz the lar e i line was evident y orr pt d Q y g , Dorad y tt ” line suc as Fair a never wrote in his li etime so we scene , a h f x f ,

ventured to alter it as above . We inserted the word serene after ’ ” c Disraeli s urio sities of iteratu re w en s eakin of reading Isaa C L , h p g of S ain he sa e w re u suall e s the titles of th e king s p , ys, Th y e y addr s ed ” u striou s or ou r sereni t o r r a . by th e titles of i ll , y y, or y u g ce 188 m nonoc uns or

’ s t w n t ral r ust P yche s clear ci y as o s d f om d , ‘ But am rom ea en ure mmor al ust. c e f h v , p , i t , j ll r us s n . as er the wa Stands on twelve p ecio to es J p , S reets o a es ear be st o e to all t g ld , g t p l , ill p w ow Who taste the tree of life hich there doth gr . About the town two blessed rivers flow Of grace and mercy ; over either floo d

Li s th a r r f a ho e oin ood . e e f i b idge o f ith , p , d g g

Lycaon

O s ri He ta bone i t ou au er ear h ll p p t h d ght cl , ’ Tell not these rocks of Flora s doubt and fear ’ Wr e not Planetus in to-morrow s s a rs it t , Her fu ure rou es an ers osses wars t t bl , d g , l , , ' s s e s s e er s s now her om Le t P ych h ph d hould fore k do , m And kill her goats before her day be co e . Thes w ar rs ese e s and o s abo u e oods e he , th fi ld f ld t,

Then keep themFlora till thy lease wear out .

S tin on sis flower an s e it g I y b k , I pi d

On a white horse: a crowned monarch ride . Upon his thigh was writ his wonderous name ;

- Out of his mouth a sword two edged came . a as and all her oats he s ew Flor , ber be t, g l ,

And in a lake of fire their bodies threw . ’ This king is Psyche s spouse with him she went ’ ’ w r for ora s ease was s ent . And rul d the o ld , Fl l p

s n L aon s n Thus much did Herme a d yc i g, n u e s r n The heifer let the herbs u to ch d p i g,

. 21 . See Revelation , chap

t The echoes of the seven hills of Rome .

. 6 v. 2 . 1 See Revelation , chap ,