Assessment of Flood Forecast Products for a Coupled Tributary-Coastal Model
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(P 117-140) Flood Pulse.Qxp
117 THE FLOOD PULSE CONCEPT: NEW ASPECTS, APPROACHES AND APPLICATIONS - AN UPDATE Junk W.J. Wantzen K.M. Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology, Working Group Tropical Ecology, P.O. Box 165, 24302 Plön, Germany E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The flood pulse concept (FPC), published in 1989, was based on the scientific experience of the authors and published data worldwide. Since then, knowledge on floodplains has increased considerably, creating a large database for testing the predictions of the concept. The FPC has proved to be an integrative approach for studying highly diverse and complex ecological processes in river-floodplain systems; however, the concept has been modified, extended and restricted by several authors. Major advances have been achieved through detailed studies on the effects of hydrology and hydrochemistry, climate, paleoclimate, biogeography, biodi- versity and landscape ecology and also through wetland restoration and sustainable management of flood- plains in different latitudes and continents. Discussions on floodplain ecology and management are greatly influenced by data obtained on flow pulses and connectivity, the Riverine Productivity Model and the Multiple Use Concept. This paper summarizes the predictions of the FPC, evaluates their value in the light of recent data and new concepts and discusses further developments in floodplain theory. 118 The flood pulse concept: New aspects, INTRODUCTION plain, where production and degradation of organic matter also takes place. Rivers and floodplain wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems. For example, 77 percent These characteristics are reflected for lakes in of the water discharge of the 139 largest river systems the “Seentypenlehre” (Lake typology), elaborated by in North America and Europe is affected by fragmen- Thienemann and Naumann between 1915 and 1935 tation of the river channels by dams and river regula- (e.g. -
Calvin Park Tributary Stream Restoration -- Survey Phase
Neighborhood Advisory Croydon Creek – Calvin Park Tributary Stream Restoration -- Survey Phase Project Rockville’s Department of Public Works has begun the design of the Croydon Creek – Description: Calvin Park Tributary Stream Restoration project. The city’s consultant, AECOM, will survey the area within Rockville Civic Center Park in the project limits depicted on the back side of this advisory. The survey will identify features including the existing roads, stream, trees, utilities, and topography. Survey work will begin in March and will continue into the spring. Surveyors and engineers with equipment will traverse the area shown on the back of this advisory. Survey stakes may be placed in the ground and trees may be marked with temporary metal tags to assist in identification and inventory. The survey flags do not indicate tree removal. Purpose: The Croydon Creek – Calvin Park Tributary Stream Restoration project was recommended in the 2013 Rock Creek Watershed Assessment as a crucial component to the long-term health of the watershed. The assessment was approved by the Mayor and Council in February 2013, and this project was included in the adopted Fiscal Year 2017 Capital Improvements Program. The project goals are to enhance the watershed through stream restoration, wetland enhancement, reforestation, and the protection of private and public property and infrastructure Location: Croydon Creek within Rockville Civic Center Park and the Calvin Park Tributary from Baltimore Road to Croydon Creek (See the map on the back of this advisory). Timeline: Survey work and preliminary design is anticipated to begin in March and continue through spring. A community meeting will be held this summer to provide additional details of the project. -
Geomorphic Classification of Rivers
9.36 Geomorphic Classification of Rivers JM Buffington, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA DR Montgomery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Published by Elsevier Inc. 9.36.1 Introduction 730 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification 730 9.36.3 Types of Channel Classification 731 9.36.3.1 Stream Order 731 9.36.3.2 Process Domains 732 9.36.3.3 Channel Pattern 732 9.36.3.4 Channel–Floodplain Interactions 735 9.36.3.5 Bed Material and Mobility 737 9.36.3.6 Channel Units 739 9.36.3.7 Hierarchical Classifications 739 9.36.3.8 Statistical Classifications 745 9.36.4 Use and Compatibility of Channel Classifications 745 9.36.5 The Rise and Fall of Classifications: Why Are Some Channel Classifications More Used Than Others? 747 9.36.6 Future Needs and Directions 753 9.36.6.1 Standardization and Sample Size 753 9.36.6.2 Remote Sensing 754 9.36.7 Conclusion 755 Acknowledgements 756 References 756 Appendix 762 9.36.1 Introduction 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification Over the last several decades, environmental legislation and a A basic tenet in geomorphology is that ‘form implies process.’As growing awareness of historical human disturbance to rivers such, numerous geomorphic classifications have been de- worldwide (Schumm, 1977; Collins et al., 2003; Surian and veloped for landscapes (Davis, 1899), hillslopes (Varnes, 1958), Rinaldi, 2003; Nilsson et al., 2005; Chin, 2006; Walter and and rivers (Section 9.36.3). The form–process paradigm is a Merritts, 2008) have fostered unprecedented collaboration potentially powerful tool for conducting quantitative geo- among scientists, land managers, and stakeholders to better morphic investigations. -
NOAA's National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction
NOAA’s National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Services How to implement the regional map inline frame ©2012 Office of Hydrologic Development/Office of Climate Water and Weather Service 2 Introduction NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) provides a wide variety of hydrologic and hydrometeorologic forecasts and information through the web. These web-based resources originate at NWS field, national center, and headquarters offices and are designed to meet the needs of a wide range of users from someone who needs the five-day forecast for a river near his home to the technically advanced water manager who needs probabilistic information to make long-term decisions on allocation of flood mitigation resources or water supply. The NWS will continue to expand and refine all types of web products to keep pace with the demands of all types of users. Hydrologic resources location The NWS Hydrologic resources can be accessed at https://water.weather.gov or by clicking the “Rivers, Lakes, Rainfall” link from https://www.weather.gov. Regional Map – River Observations and River Forecasts Figure 1: National View The regional AHPS map inline frame (or iframe, as it will be referenced throughout the rest of this document), as seen in figure 1, consists of several components: toggles to change which gauge markers display on the map; ESRI map controls; flood status indicators and location-based data view selectors. The starting point, which is available outside of the iframe component, is a national map providing a brief summary to the river and stream location statuses within the continental United States. From this national overview, you can navigate to specific 3 regions – state, Weather Forecast Office (WFO), River Forecast Center (RFC) and Water Resource Region (WRR) – by selecting an option by neighboring drop down menus or clicking on marker images on the map. -
The Arkansas River Flood of June 3-5, 1921
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE 0ns SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 4$7 THE ARKANSAS RIVER FLOOD OF JUNE 3-5, 1921 BY ROBERT FOLLANS^EE AND EDWARD E. JON^S WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 i> CONTENTS. .Page. Introduction________________ ___ 5 Acknowledgments ___ __________ 6 Summary of flood losses-__________ _ 6 Progress of flood crest through Arkansas Valley _____________ 8 Topography of Arkansas basin_______________ _________ 9 Cause of flood______________1___________ ______ 11 Principal areas of intense rainfall____ ___ _ 15 Effect of reservoirs on the flood__________________________ 16 Flood flows_______________________________________ 19 Method of determination________________ ______ _ 19 The flood between Canon City and Pueblo_________________ 23 The flood at Pueblo________________________________ 23 General features_____________________________ 23 Arrival of tributary flood crests _______________ 25 Maximum discharge__________________________ 26 Total discharge_____________________________ 27 The flood below Pueblo_____________________________ 30 General features _________ _______________ 30 Tributary streams_____________________________ 31 Fountain Creek____________________________ 31 St. Charles River___________________________ 33 Chico Creek_______________________________ 34 Previous floods i____________________________________ 35 Flood of Indian legend_____________________________ 35 Floods of authentic record__________________________ 36 Maximum discharges -
Community Open House
Mayor Kasim Reed The Department of Watershed Management & Atlanta Memorial Park Conservancy Community Open House 10/28/2016 1 AGENDA: Meet & Greet Opening Remarks & Introductions – District 8 Council Member Yolanda Adrean – Department of Watershed Management, Commissioner Kishia L. Powell – AMPC Executive Director, Catherine Spillman – Memorial Park Technical Advisory Group members, other Civic Leaders and Officials Department of Watershed Management – Presentation Q&A Closing Remarks 10/28/2016 2 AMPTAG-DWM COLLABORATIVE The Atlanta Memorial Park Technical Advisory Group (AMPTAG) and the City of Atlanta’s Department of Watershed Management (DWM) are engaged in ongoing discussions and scheduled workshops associated with the following goals: 1. Eliminate wet weather overflows within and near Memorial Park and within the Peachtree Creek Sewer Basin; and 2. Protect water quality in Peachtree Creek 10/28/2016 3 EPA/EPD Consent Decrees 1995 lawsuit results in two (2) Consent Decrees • CSO Consent Decree (Sep 1998) – Project completion by 2008 (achieved) o Reduce CSOs from 100/yr. at each of 6 facilities to 4/yr. o Achieve water quality standards at point of discharge • SSO Consent Decree (Dec 1999) Project completion by 2027 (per amendment approved 2012) o Stop 1000+ annual sewer spills o Achieve a reliable sewer system o Implement MOMS plan 10/28/2016 4 Clean Water Atlanta: Overview • Responsible for the overall management of the City’s two Consent Decrees – CSO and SSO. • Charge is to address operation of the City’s wastewater facilities and address CSOs and SSOs within the city. • Responsible for planning, design, and construction of improvements to the City's wastewater collection system, as well as environmental compliance and reporting to comply with the Consent Decrees. -
The Wilmington Wave National Weather Service, Wilmington, NC
The Wilmington Wave National Weather Service, Wilmington, NC VOLUME III, ISSUE 1 F A L L 2 0 1 3 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Summer 2013: Above Average Rainfall Summer 2013 1-2 - Brad Reinhart Rainfall If you spent time outside this summer, your outdoor activities were probably interrupted by Top 3 Strongest 3-5 rain at some point. Of course, afternoon showers and thunderstorms during the summertime Storms in Wilmington are fairly common in the eastern Carolinas. But, did you know that we experienced record rainfall totals, rising rivers, and flooding within our forecast area this meteorological summer Masonboro 6-8 (June – August 2013)? Here’s a recap of what turned out to be quite a wet summer. Buoy Florence, SC received the most rainfall (27.63’’) of our four climate sites during the months The Tsunami 9-12 of June, July, and August. This total was a staggering 12.53’’ above normal for the summer months. In July alone, 14.91’’ of rain fell in Florence. This made July 2013 the wettest Local Hail Study 12-13 month EVER in Florence since records began in 1948! Wilmington, NC received 25.78’’ of rain this summer, which was 6.35’’ above normal. North Myrtle Beach, SC and Lumberton, A Summer of 14 Decision NC received well over 20 inches of rain as well. Support Excess rainfall must go somewhere, so many of our local rivers rose in response to the heavy rain across the Carolinas. In total, 8 of our 11 river forecast points exceeded flood stage this summer. Some of these rivers flooded multiple times; in fact, our office issued 24 river flood warnings and 144 river flood statements from June to August. -
Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development
Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development River Characteristics - Sediment Transport - River Velocity - Terminology The illustrations below represent the 3 general classifications into which rivers are placed according to specific characteristics. These categories are: Youthful, Mature and Old Age. A Rejuvenated River, one with a gradient that is raised by the earth's movement, can be an old age river that returns to a Youthful State, and which repeats the cycle of stages once again. A brief overview of each stage of river development begins after the images. A list of pertinent vocabulary appears at the bottom of this document. You may wish to consult it so that you will be aware of terminology used in the descriptive text that follows. Characteristics found in the 3 Stages of River Development: L. Immoor 2006 Geoteach.com 1 Youthful River: Perhaps the most dynamic of all rivers is a Youthful River. Rafters seeking an exciting ride will surely gravitate towards a young river for their recreational thrills. Characteristically youthful rivers are found at higher elevations, in mountainous areas, where the slope of the land is steeper. Water that flows over such a landscape will flow very fast. Youthful rivers can be a tributary of a larger and older river, hundreds of miles away and, in fact, they may be close to the headwaters (the beginning) of that larger river. Upon observation of a Youthful River, here is what one might see: 1. The river flowing down a steep gradient (slope). 2. The channel is deeper than it is wide and V-shaped due to downcutting rather than lateral (side-to-side) erosion. -
Hurricane Harvey Clean Rivers Program Impact Lessons Learned from Laboratory Flooding Table of Contents
Hurricane Harvey Clean Rivers Program Impact Lessons Learned from Laboratory Flooding Table of Contents • Hurricane Harvey General Information • Local River Basin impact • Community Impact • LNVA Laboratory Impact • Lessons Learned General Information Hurricane Harvey Overview General Information • Significantly more info is available online • Wikipedia, RedCross, Weather.GoV, etc • Brief Information • Struck Texas on August 24, 2017 • Stalled, dumped rain, went back to sea • Struck Louisiana on August 29, 2017 • Stalled, dumped rain, finally drifted inland • Some estimates of rainfall are >20 TRILLION gallons General Information • Effect on Texans • 13,000 rescued • 30,000 left homeless • 185,000 homes damaged • 336,000 lost electricity • >$100,000,000,000 in revenue lost • Areas of Houston received flooding that exceeded the 100,000 year flood estimates General Information • On the plus side… • 17% spike in births 9 months after Harvey • Unprecedented real-world drainage modeling • Significant future construction needs identified • IH-10 and many feeder highways already being altered to account for high(er) rainfall events • Many homes being built even higher, above normal 100y and 500Y flood plains River Basin Impact Lower Neches River and surrounding areas River Basin Impact • Downed trees • Providing habitat for fish and ecotone species • Trash • Still finding debris and trash miles inland and tens of feet up in trees • And bones • Oil spills • Still investigating, but likely will not see impact River Basin Impact • The region is used to normal, seasonal flooding • most plants and wildlife are adapted to it • Humans are likely the only species really impacted • And their domestic partners Village Creek, one of the tributaries of the Neches River, had a discharge comparable to that of the Niagra River (i.e. -
Drainage Patterns
Drainage Patterns Over time, a stream system achieves a particular drainage pattern to its network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by local geologic factors. Drainage patterns or nets are classified on the basis of their form and texture. Their shape or pattern develops in response to the local topography and Figure 1 Aerial photo illustrating subsurface geology. Drainage channels develop where surface dendritic pattern in Gila County, AZ. runoff is enhanced and earth materials provide the least Courtesy USGS resistance to erosion. The texture is governed by soil infiltration, and the volume of water available in a given period of time to enter the surface. If the soil has only a moderate infiltration capacity and a small amount of precipitation strikes the surface over a given period of time, the water will likely soak in rather than evaporate away. If a large amount of water strikes the surface then more water will evaporate, soaks into the surface, or ponds on level ground. On sloping surfaces this excess water will runoff. Fewer drainage channels will develop where the surface is flat and the soil infiltration is high because the water will soak into the surface. The fewer number of channels, the coarser will be the drainage pattern. Dendritic drainage pattern A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common form and looks like the branching pattern of tree roots. It develops in regions underlain by homogeneous material. That is, the subsurface geology has a similar resistance to weathering so there is no apparent control over the direction the tributaries take. -
Brand New Mississippi Sternwheeler from American Cruise Lines
Brand New Mississippi Sternwheeler from American Cruise Lines Guilford, CT - American Cruise Lines has announced it is expanding to the Mississippi River system with a brand new sternwheeler, already under construction at Chesapeake Shipbuilding in Salisbury, MD. It plans to operate the new riverboat on routes similar to those formerly run by Delta Queen Steamboat Company, which will include the Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, and Cumberland Rivers. Cruising the Mississippi River on a sternwheeler is a true all-American experience that American Cruise Lines is pleased to bring back. The new paddlewheeler will recreate the grandeur of past riverboats while possessing the latest safety, environmental and construction technologies. The ship will have the look of a traditional riverboat along with more amenities, a faster speed, and an unmatched level of comfort. Features include six unique lounges, a library, an elegant dining salon, elevator service to all decks, and the exceptionally large staterooms found on all American Cruise Lines ships. With only 140 passengers, each guest will receive personalized service in the intimate and friendly atmosphere for which American Cruise Lines has become known. The first cruise is a scheduled to depart August 11, 2012 from New Orleans, Louisiana on a 7-night journey up the Mississippi to Memphis, Tennessee. The ship will then begin a series of 7-night cruises travelling as far north as St. Paul, Minnesota while utilizing its remarkable speed to open up new itinerary possibilities. As on all true riverboats, a stage and bow ramp will give the ship access to the many interesting ports without docking facilities. -
NOAA National Weather Service Flood Forecast Services
NOAA National Weather Service Flood Forecast Services Jonathan Brazzell Service Hydrologist National Weather Service Forecast Office Lake Charles Louisiana J Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service - AHPS This is where all current operational riverine forecast services are located. ● Observations and deterministic forecasts ● Some probabilistic forecast information is available at various locations with more to be added as time allows. ● Graphical Products ● Static Flood Inundation Mapping slowly spinning down in an effort to put more resources to Dynamic Flood Inundation Maps! http://water.weather.gov/ AHPS Basic Services ● Dynamic Web Mapping Service ○ Shows Flood Risk Categories Based on Observations or Forecast ○ Deterministic Forecast Hydrograph ○ River Impacts http://water.weather.gov/ Forecast location Observations with at least a 5 day forecast. Forecast period is longer for larger river systems. Deterministic forecast based on 24 -72 hour forecast rainfall depending on confidence. Impacts Probabilistic guidance over the next 90 days based on current conditions and historical simulations. We will continue to increase the number of sites with time. Flood Categories Below Flood Stage - The river is at or below flood stage. Action Stage - The river is still below flood stage or at bankfull, but little if any impact. This stage requires that forecast be issued as a heads up for flood only forecast points. Minor - Minimal or no property damage, but possibly some public threat. Moderate - Some inundation of structures and roads near the stream – some evacuations of people and property possible. Major - Extensive inundation of structures and roads. Significant evacuations of people and property. Rainfall that goes into the models Rainfall is constantly QC’d by looking at radar and rain gauge observations on an hourly basis.