Camborne Town Centre

Conservation Area

Character Appraisal &

Management Strategy

March 2010 This Conservation Area Appraisal and Management plan was commissioned by Kerrier District Council. It was endorsed by Cornwall Council as a material consideration within the emerging Cornwall Council Local Development Framework on 24 April 2010 (Cabinet ref- to add). The recommended changes to the boundaries of Camborne Conservation Area were authorised by Cornwall Council and came into effect on 24 April 2010.

Contents 3 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Camborne Strategic thinking thinking Strategic 10.0 Implementationplan ofthe 10.0 63 enforcementactions and control Development actions Enhancement actions general Ongoing resourcing and Funding this monitoring and updating plan Adoption, 11.0 Bibliography Statement 1 ofCommunityAppendix Involvement Justification 2 toAppendix for extensions AreaConservation Justification- 3 Appendix 4 for Article Directions 68 Potential- 4 Appendix Archaeology 88 69 84 88

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General guidance Generalguidance Areas Conservation Boundary of the Conservation Area Conservation the of Boundary Part two Management Strategy two Part Management Strategy 6.0 Introduction 7.0 opportunities weaknesses, and Strengths, threats 8.0 Enhancement 43 settlement and historic Archaeology Siteimplications Heritage World 9.0 Protection enforcement and Conservation the Area to Extensions 58 designations statutory Existing 46 buildings Locally-listed 44 buildings Unlisted 4 directions Article Sustainability at Risk Buildings Section works notices/ Repairnotices/urgent 215 notices buildings views Landmark and Conservation inthe development Reviewing Area 5.0 5.0 and opportunities Issues at Risk Buildings buildings Negative 36 sites Gap/opportunity realm Public Sustainability Regs Part L Building

9 9

National policies planning National Settlement andformmovement Settlement Building types, age and architectural detailing architecturalage detailing and types, Building Summary of special character Summaryofspecial 1.0 Introduction 2.0 and RegenerationContext Planning 4 6 policy: existing planning Local policy: future planning Local Regenerationcontext 5 3.0 onthe Historic Influences Development ofCamborne Historicalon Development Influences topography Geologyand engineeringinmining of and Influence Camborne importantand peoplesites Nationally with the associated area 4.0 Characterisation 11 22 materials Building ancient buildingsandscheduled Listed monuments realm Public and landmarks Views areas Character core Thecommercial CamborneCross Part One Appraisal Part OneAppraisal Contents Summary of special character

Camborne is an important market and industrial town in West Cornwall. The town centre Conservation Area covers the central urban core with its civic and religious complexes, together with the suburban houses of the 19th century urban elite. Not surprisingly, the built environment is one of great diversity, and high quality.

Camborne is significant as the archetypal urban creation of industrial Cornwall, associated as it was with the great names of the period (Bickford- Smith, Holman, Trevithick, Thomas, Woolf); but the Conservation Area reflects not simply the industrial development of the town, but its long history, its cultural and social roles, its commercial importance and the development of urban Summary of special characterspecial of Summary governance and pride. The special character of the Camborne Conservation Area can be summarized as follows:

Distinctive character areas include:

1. ‘Northern’ Industrial civic buildings around The Cross 2. High imposing buildings around Commercial Street, Church Street and old Churchtown 3. Long, flat main commercial street with strong axis with Centenary Street to top and former market place at bottom. 4. Large distinctive villas amid ornamental green setting with distinctive boundary walls and gates in leafy suburbs. 5. Centrally positioned purpose built industrial terraces and large ornate houses.

The influence of mining and engineering on the character of the built environment is still evident from the remaining buildings, although many of the buildings suffer from neglect and lack of maintenance. Conservation Area Camborne has many remaining high quality traditional shopfronts although alterations to create larger retail units has resulted in poor quality shopfronts and signage in many places.

March 2010 4 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 1.0 Introduction

Camborne is situated approximately 6 km east of The project draws upon previous work undertaken This document has been produced in conjunction Redruth and 4 km from the north coast. It has by the Cornwall and Scilly Urban Survey (CSUS) in with the local community and seeks to reinforce good communication links, being on the main road 2004 and Cornwall Industrial Settlements Initiative local pride in Camborne and a sense of local through Cornwall (A30) and on the mainline rail (CISI) in 2002, which should be referred to for identity. A public consultation meeting about this route linking Penzance with London Paddington. further detail on the history and character of study was held in Camborne on the 23rd February Camborne. 2009, attended by representatives of local The Camborne Conservation Area was first organizations. A careful record was kept of the designated in September 2004. It contains 34 points raised at that meeting, all of which have listed buildings, 5 scheduled ancient monuments been taken into account in producing the final and is within a specified area within the Cornwall version of this document. and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site. The Conservation Area covers the current commercial core of the town and includes the old Churchtown to the West, the railway station, public and industrial buildings to the south and the large ornate housing and tree lined roads to the South West.

The Appraisal describes what is the special interest which has justified the designation of the Camborne Conservation Area. It then looks at how that special interest can be preserved and enhanced, and also what threats it faces.

The Management Plan which forms the second part

of this document is essentially a plan of action, 1.0Introduction based on the findings in the Appraisal. It includes general recommendations for the use of planning controls across the area as a whole, as well as specific recommendations for particular streets and locations.

Aerial view of Camborne.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 5 2.0 Planning & Regeneration Context

National planning policies alignment and design character of the area; where This is due to be replaced by the Draft Regional it preserves existing heritage or architectural Spatial Strategy which identifies Camborne (along The power to designate conservation areas features; where it incorporates local building styles with Redruth, Pool and Illogan) as a strategically originates in the 1967 Civic Amenities Act; the or materials; and where it preserves and enhances significant urban area within Cornwall and as such Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) the character and appearance of the conservation indicates it as an area for growth. The South West Act 1990 updated and consolidated previous 2.0 Planning & Regeneration2.0Planning & Context area (other than in exceptional cases). The setting Regional Development Agency (South West RDA) legislation. of the conservation area is also recognised as being has identified Camborne as one of 5 strategic important. locations to support in the region. A full statement of policies for the identification and protection of the historic built environment is set Chapter 4 of the Plan comprises a comprehensive In response to the above context the Camborne out in Planning Policy Guidance 15 (PPG15, 1994). set of policies covering the built environment, Redruth Pool Urban Regeneration Company (URC) Conservation areas are defined as ‘areas of special including discussion of archaeology, conservation was set up in 2002. It works in co-operation with or architectural interest, the character of which it is areas, and listed buildings A Local Development the South West RDA and Homes & Communities desirable to preserve or enhance’ (para 4.1). Framework (LDF) will be produced for Agency (formerly English Partnerships). The URC PPG15 and PPG16 are due to be replaced with a Cornwall, and it is envisaged that a Core Strategy has developed regeneration strategies and is now single document, PPS5, in the near future. will be adopted c.2011. An Area Action Plan for the working with both private and public sector Camborne, Pool, Illogan and Redruth area is partners which has enabled a number of projects A direction under Article 4 of the Town and Country currently being prepared; it is intended this will be from the UFP to be developed in this area. An Planning (General Permitted Development) Order adopted as part of the LDF. The Area Action Plan Urban Framework Plan was prepared in 2001 which 1995 may be required to preserve the character or will provide detailed proposals and planning recommends that Camborne; “be strengthened by appearance of the conservation area, or part of it. policies for the Camborne area, including heritage concentrating on the “triangle of opportunity” in issues. and around Trelowarren Street, Basset Road, Local planning policy Trevenson Street area. This will involve Regeneration context conservation of the historic built environment, Local planning policy is shaped by the Cornwall including shopfront upgrading and continued Council Structure Plan, elaborated by the Kerrier International, national and local agencies have landscape improvements. A range of measures will District Local Plan. The Revised Deposit Draft Local recognised the importance of the regeneration of also be implemented to diversify the town centre Plan was prepared in 2002 with pre-inquiry Camborne. It is identified as a strategically by reintroducing new housing, employment and changes in 2004. It was not formally adopted, but important settlement in the European Union community facilities, including 2,500m2 in offices, is currently used as a material consideration in Objective 1 Single Programming Document and a non-retail uses on new sites and within vacant decision making. This Conservation Area Appraisal ‘employment growth centre’. The Government existing premises”. will therefore inform the preparation of the Area identified Camborne as a significant part of a Action Plan regarding the historic environment. ‘Principal Regeneration Area’ in the Regional A great deal has already been done to promote the Planning Guidance for the South West (RPG10, regeneration of the town, including: Policies B.EN9 and B.EN10 seek to protect listed 2001). buildings such that their special interest is not • Camborne, Roskear and Tuckingmill Townscape compromised by inappropriate work to the building Heritage Initiative (2008-2013) (funded by or its setting. Policies B.EN11 and B.EN12 adopt a Heritage Lottery Fund, Homes and Communities similar approach for conservation areas: Agency, Helston Town Council development in such places will be permitted where: it respects the scale, height, massing,

March 2010 6 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal • Camborne Town Scheme (funded by Objective The Appraisal should also complement the One and Kerrier District Council ). following reports:

This Appraisal should be read in conjunction with • World Heritage Site Management Plan the wider national, regional and local planning policy and guidance. • Cornwall Industrial Settlements Initiative (CISI) reports for Camborne, Tuckingmill and Relevant documents include: South Roskear

• Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation • Cornwall & Scilly Urban Survey (CSUS) Report Areas) Act 1990 for Camborne

• Planning Policy Guidance 15: Planning and the • Camborne Shopfront Survey Historic Environment

• Kerrier District Council Shopfront Design Guide Regeneration2.0Planning & Context • Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning • Camborne-Pool-Redruth Urban Framework Plan (December 2001) The Cross • Cornwall Structure Plan 2004, particularly Policy 2 Character Areas, Design and • Camborne and Redruth Public Realm Bid Environmental Protection (Kerrier District Council, August 2003)

• Redruth Regeneration Strategy (2004) (in preparation)

• Kerrier District Local Plan Revised Deposit Draft (September 2002)

• Schedule of pre-inquiry changes (February 2004)

Cross Street Fore Street

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 7 2.0 Planning & Regeneration2.0Planning & Context

March 2010 8 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Part One Appraisal

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 9 March 2010

3.0 The Historic Development of Camborne 11

Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Camborne Streets of workers’ housing began appearbegan to workers’ofhousing from Streets of these andregularity 1820.The and scale streets service commercial, market, presence the the of emphasized administrativefunctions, and the neighboring betweendifference Camborneand settlements. industrial there characteristics, these Despite still was to charactertown frontier the ofa of something for pubs its that known time Well at Camborne. industrial typical a drunkenminers,itwas and The 1841 overshow boom-town. returns Census dependedpopulation of working the thirds two Camborne’s of on Most mines. the directly shopkeepers weretraders men, and professional minersturndependent upon and the engineers. in BassetRoad, courtesy of Cornish Studies Library s s

March 2010 A second, and greater, copper boom from the the andgreater, second, from copperboom A one of Camborneas 1790s-1840s,re-cast The towns. chief town industrial Cornwall’s was only with not also, 1800from but mines, ringed engineeringwith onwards, Theworks. Roskear 1802, in main Holman’s Boiler works opened 1839. site in There foundry smiths were75 1841 in the town the recordedcensus. in and new activity public commercial Increased and growth industrial increased followed facilities new builtin 1802was A house population. market Railway1830; enlarged Hayle in the and and lineswerein 1834-7 Literary a branch built and was schools,publichouse built. Institute Chapels, were hotels also and constructed. BassetRoad present day

A churche churche A almost almost and holy well, andholy chapels playing place place playing

3.0 ofThe Historic Development Camborne standinge among among thehills’) barrayne standinge social economic the and reflect doesnot certainly theof –itschurchtown with and importance feast the on (held recordedthe century 16th fairs by at least by 1660s). Fairfield the of long sustainedperiod but growth This modest with marketgrantof the status culminated formal with accelerated 1708.the in Development 1700- copperofindustry in Cornish the expansion copperandRoskear 1750wereearly (Dolcoath soonCornwall). and dominant in producers, Camborne industry, growth the local of Despite as regardedtime atnot industrial, this still was an essentially and as ecclesiasticalmarket but centre. Camborne’s greatest significance lies in significance Camborne’sgreatest its few large Itone the was of history. industrial is towns and development its in industrial Cornwall historyof understanding to the Cornish central ithas metalmining.world Assettlement an a and andvaried Iron ranging the through ancient past andRoman the Christian early periods. Age, 1181recorded in first was CamborneChurchtown It ancient timewhichitwas an place. by already with centrea quality of good parish the was large and and areasmoorland. waste oflarge farmland Middle Ages,Cambornehad becomelate Bythe pilgrimagecircuit well-established a of part with Michael’s Mount. the associated St roadto There a was StMeriasek.withmysteryassociated plays and andprofitable working tin had also Intensive the 1400s,to thethe areaadding by in developed The oft-quoted parish. diversity economic the of 1584by John Nordendescription in (‘ Camborne had been laid out more or less to its full The growth in prosperity and expectations in The result of this wider economic decline was a extent by the time of the rebuilding of the market Camborne at this time soon exceeded the capacity continuous shrinkage in the commercial core area complex in 1866. The town expanded only of the old commercial and civic core, and a new of Camborne (the heart of the Conservation Area), modestly after the mid 19th century, with just a civic centre was created at Camborne Cross, with with old shops in the outer edges being closed and few more streets added to the town by 1900. the Public Rooms (1890), Library (1895) and changed to residential use; at the same time the Employment began to decline due to advancing municipal buildings and fire station (1903), large houses were converted to office and mechanization, however, the local economy Camborne having been made an Urban District institutional use. The population of Camborne remained unusually buoyant compared with Council in 1895. Cross Street was redeveloped as parish significantly declined from a peak of 15,829 recession elsewhere in Cornwall. This led to the it increased in importance (as the link between in 1911 to 13,949 in 1951. Only in the later 20th 3.0 The Historic Development of Camborne Camborne Historic Development 3.0The of rebuilding in the late 19th century of much of the this new centre and the old core), while century was there an economic as well as a central area (in and around Commercial Street and Trelowarren Street saw increased redevelopment population revival. By 2001 the parish population Commercial Square). Ever larger buildings also with large commercial units further away from the had risen to 20,332 with about 15,000 in reflected increasing civic and public activity, old centre, reflecting the importance of this route Camborne town. particularly after the formation of a local board to towards Holman’s main site and Dolcoath Mine – run the town in 1873. both entering a period of recovery around the turn of the century. In the mean time, the older streets As well as an expansion in the size of the (Church Street, Fore Street, the top end of Basset commercial centre and in the scale of new shops, Road, Gurney’s Lane etc ), were becoming the parish church was renovated and extended in gradually less important. The scale, size and 1879; the Smith Methodist Institute was built in number of its public and commercial buildings and 1887, followed by the Salvation Army Citadel the spread of the central area in the early 20th (1890), Masonic Hall (1899), the Holman Fountain century, are amongst the most marked features of (1890) and a new post office in Chapel Street Camborne’s historic character, appearing to buck (1899). The development of the centre culminated the generally perceived idea of the failure and with the tram connection between Camborne and decline of Cornish industry in the late 19th and Redruth (1902), and the founding of a chamber of early 20th centuries. commerce (1908). The boom years of the early 20th century continued until the tin market collapse of 1913-14. After the First World War, one by one the great mines closed. The closure of Dolcoath in 1921 caused a depression from which the area never really recovered.

Development and expansion more or less came to a halt in Camborne after the first decade of the 20th century. The tram connection with Redruth closed in 1927. The mining industry ceased, in effect, to exist in Camborne, with massive unemployment. With whatever remained of retail, service and public employment, the major industrial activity in the town was now engineering, particularly Holman’s, which did well in the mid 20th century through its export trade.

Tram terminus in Commercial Square, courtesy of Cornish Island site, Camborne c1925, courtesy of Cornish Studies Studies Library Library

March 2010 12 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Influences on Historical Spacious middle class housing was generally built The very street names were in competition – along the old roads (even Basset Road is a Market Place versus Commercial Square. Both Development rationalisation of the old Church Lane). It areas had their respective church or chapel and culminated with the grand houses of the town’s civic buildings. The new centres had new or The historic shape and street patterns of dominant figures - mostly the prominent industrial improved routes to the station (Cross Street and Camborne have been formed by three major families. These include: the Rectory (now The Basset Street), which actually turned their backs influences: Grange); Rosewarne, the present Gladys Holman on each other with scarcely any communication House (Harris); Parc Bracket (Woolf); Tregenna between them. • the ancient churchtown on its defendable site; Villa (Holman); Trevu House (Bickford Smith) and

Camborne Historic Development 3.0The of • the eastward pull of development and the Pendarves family Dower House (no. 37 What is significant historically and remains population towards the major mines and Pendarves Road). significant in the character and appearance of the industries of the Camborne-Pool-Redruth Conservation Area today, is that Camborne was industrial zone; prosperous enough to overcome this dual push, Most of the new industrial town is composed of th and to adopt both central zones as its commercial • the early 19 century provision and rows of workers’ housing. These streets were laid core, and indeed to go further and see the improvement of new roads in and through the out on the relatively level fields, commons and old development of a third civic focus around 1900 at town; mine waste east of the churchtown. This area has Camborne Cross. It is a measure of how dynamic an exceptionally important and distinctive • The church is on a locally prominent rise. This and prosperous the town and local economy were. character of its own (unique indeed in Cornwall), is especially marked from the west and north. There can be few towns of this size anywhere that but, other than, those streets that have become This small spur projecting northwards from have a triple focus like this within the one central part of the commercial and civic core of the granite uplands may occupy the site of a Conservation Area, but also of the problems that Camborne, lies outside the current boundaries of prehistoric hill-fort or Iron Age Round face the Conservation Area as the commercial and the Conservation Area. (suggested by its location, its function as the institutional centre of the town has contracted and parish centre, and by the circular pattern of can no longer sustain its historic extent. lanes and property boundaries around the There is one peculiarity of the central area of church/market area). Camborne (the Conservation Area) that makes it quite distinct in Cornwall. It is clear that the two

There are a number of streets following ancient great local landowning families that together th roads and churchpaths - College Street, Fore created the 19 century town, the Vyvyans of Street, Trelowarren Street, Cross Street, and Trelowarren, and the Bassets of Tehidy, seem to Basset Road. These still provide major routes into have done so in something of a spirit of and through the town. This churchtown focus competition. Their different landholdings and stands to one side of the historic town and the different ambitions, are a major reason for the Conservation Area. contrast between the grid of industrial streets populated by the workers (Vyvyan) and the more The phase of industrial development that was organic, more establishment and middle class added to this old nucleus in the 1820s and 1830s developments associated with the churchtown/ is based upon a grid pattern related to the main market-place and the radial streets leading from it roads improved or created at that time - the im- (Basset). proved access routes from the town to the station (Cross Street and Basset Street), and the newly turnpiked throughroutes (what is now the Both landlords clearly had ambitions to promote Trelowarren Street/College Road axis, and their own town centres, creating a duality in the Centenary Road, South Terrace and Pendarves character and appearance of Camborne’s core area Road). unique in post-medieval Cornwall.

South Terrace, Camborne

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 13 3.0 The Historic Development of Camborne Camborne Historic Development 3.0The of

Conservation Area

Proposed boundary extension to Conservation Area

Historic Camborne OS Map 1888 March 2010 14 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal

3.0 The Historic Development of Camborne 15 Conservation Area Proposed boundary extension to Conservation Area HistoricCamborne OS Map1938 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Camborne March 2010 3.0 The Historic Development of Camborne Camborne Historic Development 3.0The of

Topography of Camborne OS Map

March 2010 16 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Geology and topography While later industrial settlements in the area are all focused on these river valleys, the medieval church

town of Camborne was set on a small spur The Camborne-Redruth conurbation lies on the projecting northwards from the granite uplands northern edge of a mineralized ridge running down and stands in a relatively elevated position over- the spine of the peninsula, on a plateau sloping looking a wide sweep of land, above the valley northwards to the sea. The urban area of streams. Camborne is framed to the east by the steep slopes of the Red River valley, to the south by the The town is set against the now built upon granite uplands of Beacon Hill, Carn Entral and Camborne Historic Development 3.0The of Camborne Beacon. The immediate surroundings of Carn Arthen and to the west by a plateau of level Camborne in the pre-industrial period seem to ground. To the north the sea is a constant have been as much moorland and rough grazing as backdrop, only four or five miles away and beyond good agricultural land. Camborne Beacon was it the distant hills of West Penwith or St Agnes formerly covered with small upland fields and Beacon. unenclosed land.

Seen from distant views, Camborne and its Immediately to the north of Camborne, the A30 suburbs seem to climb the slopes of the beacon road forms a man-made landscape boundary and and are distinct from the surrounding landscape serves to separate the area from the richer because of the density of the built environment agricultural land on the other side of the dual and the intensity of the mature canopy of trees carriageway. The deeply cut railway to the south of which surround the urban core. the town also forms a parallel boundary. Both have

contained spreading development separating the The settlements are sited along the old cross- area from the surrounding agricultural lands. county road (A3047), which follows a slight ridge- Mining remains in the form of engine houses and line within the plateau. This was turnpiked in 1839 extensive workings are also an important part of and has now been pre-empted by the A30. The the landscape setting. surrounding area has been defined in the 1994

Cornwall Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) A radial pattern of ancient roads and tracks as predominantly of surviving Anciently Enclosed spreads out from the churchtown, linking it to the Land, with some Recently Enclosed Land to the major east-west routes that pass near by, in north west. particular the A3047, and to the large, rural parish

around the town. To the East a landscape of mainly industrial character has been defined. Cutting north-south Together with the neighbouring settlements of Pool across this relatively gently sloping landscape are a and Redruth, the conurbation is the largest urban number of narrow, deeply-cut river valleys such as area in Cornwall. that of the Red River, the lower parts of their sides made even more steep by centuries of exploitation for tin streaming and tailing and various other industrial processes. View over Camborne from Carn Brea

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 17 Two local families had a great impact on the had created a town that was dominated by The influence of Mining and development of the town: the Bassets and the cottages rows, chapels and public houses. Engineering in Camborne Vyvyans. The Vyvyan’s Trelowarren estate was developed through the 1830s an irregular grid of The mining recession of the 1840s did have an streets was laid out, with Trelowarren Street being impact on Camborne, though the strength of mines extended during this expansion. The expansion such as Dolcoath helped to buoy the town. Indeed Camborne has played an important role in not only that the Bassets did around the church town was by 1869 Dolcoath mine was the largest tin mine in the history of Cornish mining and engineering, but based more around middle class housing, albeit Cornwall, employing 1266 people. The permanent with College Street and Fore Street having cottage decline in mining in Camborne only set in after the

3.0 The Historic Development of Camborne Camborne Historic Development 3.0The of has also had a national and international impact. Tin streaming and shallow lodeback (tin) mining rows built. The expansion was considerable, with tin boom of 1870-72. were first recorded back in the 14th century, and by the settlement more than doubling in size between the 16th century shaft and adit mining is recorded. 1809 and 1841. The first main stage of expansion during this period was the completion of the Vyvyan estate in the Camborne become Cornwall’s main industrial By 1841 Camborne was overtly a mining town, with 1850s (Centenary Street, Moor Street, Tolcarne centre with the advent of the early 18th century over two thirds of the working population directly Street, Trevenson Street, the western half of development of the local copper mines. By the employed by the mines. Camborne’s mining focus Carnarthen Street and Stray Park Road). 1770s the Camborne mines were major producers in Cornish mining, with Dolcoath being particularly important. Mining dominated the town, and although some mines were short lived the overall effect was that employment was created for miners and merchants alike.

The mining activity also attracted and supported related industries, famous examples being Richard Trevithick’s engineering workshop in Tehidy Road and Nicholas Holman’s boiler works, the latter founded in 1801. These two individuals alone had a great impact on Camborne.

The mining activity created a population explosion, with the local population doubling between 1768 and 1801. In 1802 Lord de Dunstanville of the Basset family built the first purpose-built Market Hall at Market Square to accommodate the growing population’s needs.

Between 1820 and 1840 the population doubled again (from 2000 in 1823; 4377 in 1841), boosted by the re-opening of the North and South Roskear copper mines and the expansion of Dolcoath.

Industrial development continued; the Hayle Railway and branches were constructed (1834-7), a gasworks was built in 1834, and Holman opened a foundry near the Centenary Chapel in 1839.

March 2010 18 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal The second phase of development is related to the Nationally important people Arthur Woolf (1766-1837) revival in the tin industry around 1870. Small and sites associated with the groups of cottages and rows of buildings were Arthur Woolf was a prominent Cornish engineer constructed directly by the mines (Wheal Gerry, area who was born in Camborne. Early on in his career Camborne Vean, Stray Park). There were also he left Cornwall to work at Joseph Bramah’s buildings constructed associated with the industrial Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) engineering works in London, Bramah being complexes around Holman’s and the railway famous for having invented the hydraulic press. station. To accommodate this growth there was Richard Trevithick was born near Carn Brea, the son Woolf returned to Cornwall in 1811. He worked at also civic expansion – the Basset family rebuilding of a mine captain. His early career was spent Harvey and Co, which was a leading engineering Camborne Historic Development 3.0The of the market and town hall in 1866 being an example building and modifying steam engines to avoid and foundry works. Woolf is famous for pioneering of this. royalties on Watt’s separate condenser patent. a high-pressure compound steam engine, which he Trevithick made an early demonstration of a moving patented in 1805. The central area of the town was largely steam engine in Fore Street, Camborne in 1801. He redeveloped, with much of the commercial area patented the high-pressure steam engine in 1802. Josiah Thomas (1833 – 1901) [Charles rebuilt from 1885 (Trelowarren Street, Commercial In 1803 he built the London Steam Carriage and Thomas article, Camborne School of Mines Street and Cross Street). New facilities for drove it from Holborn to Paddington and back. Journal 1986] Camborne included amongst others the tram Trevithick developed the use of his high-pressure connection between Camborne and Redruth steam engine on rails at the Pen-y-Darren iron- Josiah Thomas was a Cornish mine captain, born in (1902-27), the post office in Chapel Street, the works in South Wales. This was showcased in Killivose, Camborne. He came from a prominent Holman Fountain (Chapel Street 1890), the Smith London in 1808 with a locomotive called ‘Catch Me mining family, his father Charles Thomas was an Methodist Institute (1887), Masonic Hall (1899). Who Can’ as part of a steam circus. In Cornwall Underground Agent at Dolcoath Mine. Josiah Camborne School of Mines was developed from Trevithick used his high-pressure steam engine to Thomas became manager of Dolcoath Mine in the 1881 under patronage of the Bassets. In 1895 pump water from mines, for example at Wheal 1860s. He was heavily involved with the local Camborne gained the status of Urban District Prosper. Trevithick also took this technology to community and held many public offices, including Council and a new civic centre was created at The mines in Peru and Columbia. There is a statue Chairmanship of the Camborne School of Mines Cross, with the Public Rooms (1890), library (1895) dedicated to Trevithick outside Camborne Library at Committee. He was also a devout Methodist, and and the fire station (1903). the Cross. preached throughout Cornwall. Tregenna Villa in

th Pendarves Road, Camborne was built by Josiah The early 20 century saw boom years. However, Thomas, and is now used as a residential home. the tin market collapse of 1913-14 sparked a depression that Camborne as a mining town would William Bickford (1774 – never really recover from. Mining-related industries 1834). continued to grow in the town though, with

Holman’s pneumatic tools growing from 1919, In 1831 Bickford patented his taking over the Public Rooms in 1930 and building "safety rods" and manufactured a new factory in 1939-40. them at his factory at

Tuckingmil. Bickford’s “Safety Wartime requirements for munitions and Fuze” was of global significance. engineering also helped to keep up employment His son-in-law George Smith took levels. Sadly the town suffered from large scale over the business and was a post-war decline. historian of Cornish Methodism. The Smith Memorial Institute building on Chapel Street in Camborne is named after him.

Statue of Trevithick outside Camborne Library

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 19 John Wesley The Bassets of Tehidy The Vyvyans of Trelowarren

John Wesley and his brother Charles were The Bassets were a powerful mine-owning family, The Vyvyans are a local landowning family. The preachers who resolved to live by rule and method’ with a manor house at Tehidy. They owned the family’s involvement with Camborne was based on from which the term ‘Methodism’ is derived. mineral rights for mines such as Dolcoath, and the the mining industry. They travelled the country preaching, and when family was responsible for large scale building In the early 1800s Camborne expanded due to the they arrived in Cornwall in 1743 they were well development around the Camborne, Roskear and reopening of copper mines such as North and received. A reason for this was that life in Cornwall Tuckingmill area. The Manor of Tehidy comprised South Roskear, and the expansion of Dolcoath. The

3.0 The Historic Development of Camborne Camborne Historic Development 3.0The of at that time was hard and dangerous, especially for of the parishes of Camborne, Illogan and Redruth. expansion of the town was largely due to the miners, and Methodism’s simple doctrine of The Bassets owned and developed Camborne’s development of the Vyvyan estate (largely sited on justification through faith and instant salvation central religious and market core – Basset Road, old mine workings and rough grazing land) on would have been comforting in the face of such Basset Street, South Terrace and Trevu Road. which in the 1830s a grid of streets and workers’ danger. Fine Basset buildings can be seen around cottages were laid out. In the 1850s the Wesley preached to thousands in the nearby Camborne. The Market House building (now the development of the Vyvyan estate was completed, Gwennap Pit. By 1851 attendees at Methodist Corn Exchange nightclub) was constructed in 1802 which included Centenary Street, Moor Street, chapels in Cornwall were in the majority. In and replaced in the 1830s. After severe storm Tolcarne Street, Trevenson Street, the western Camborne there are Methodist chapels at the top of damage in 1864, the building was rebuilt by John half of Carnarthen Street and Stray Park Road. So Trelowarren Street (Wesleyan Centenary Chapel, Francis Basset and reopened in 1867. although the Bassets developed the town’s central 1839) and Camborne Wesley Chapel (1828) on The former Tehidy Estate office on South Terrace religious and market core, it was the Vyvyans who Chapel Street. is another impressive Basset building. Now used as actually provided the majority of new housing. a community centre, this building was originally Trelowarren Street is still Camborne’s commercial Silvanus Trevail (1851-1903) where the Bassets ran their mineral interests in centre. the 19th century. The Vyvyans were also responsible for civic work. Silvanus Trevail was born in Luxulyan in Cornwall. They were important patrons of the church, the The Vyvyan-funded Chapel Street may be a He was a prolific Cornish architect, a Mayor of rectory, the market, local schools, institutes and deliberate attempt at town planning of a public Truro, and President of the Society of Architects. Camborne School of Mines.. The patronage of Lord space, containing a better standard of housing He undertook around 300 architectural commis- de Dunstanville enabled many local projects to go than neighbouring streets. The Chapel (1828) and sions in his lifetime, including hotels, banks, ahead, from prominent locals like Richard Literary Institute (1842) were impressive public schools, libraries and hospitals. Trevithick and Arthur Woolf. buildings as was the now demolished Commercial Hotel. In Camborne, Trevail designed the public library at the Cross, No. 6 Chapel Street, The Fiddick and Holman Bros Michel building including bank premises on Commercial Street, the Public Rooms building on Nicholas Holman started a boiler works in 1801 Trevenson Street, and a conservatory at Polstrong which was to pave the way for a successful near Camborne. He also designed the Vivian Bros Camborne-based rock drill and compressor building and an extension to the School of Mines business, producing equipment for use in Cornish building, though these have since been mines and also for world-wide export. 80 years on demolished. from its inception Nicholas Holmans sons John and James, along with James McCulloch patented and produced the highly successful Cornish Rock Drill. There were various Holman works located around Camborne, but now the last surviving historic Holman site is the No.3 works opposite the train station, which is one of the most important sites in the Conservation Area.

Former Camborne Public Rooms Building, The Cross by Silvanus Trevail

March 2010 20 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Camborne School of Mines. Dolcoath was a considerable size, the engine houses and other mine buildings ran from Valley Camborne School of Mines (CSM) was founded in Shaft in the east to Stray Park in the west. Stray 1888 and is of international repute. In the late Park Mine was absorbed into Dolcoath Mine in 1800s there was a need for an establishment to 1870. The existing Stray Park pumping engine provide practical and theoretical training for miners house at Park Lane just off Foundry Road has to keep the mining industry as efficient as possible. recently been refurbished. The mine was Three mining schools had been set up by the end of restructured in the late 1800s and acquired Carn

the century, in Redruth, Penzance and Camborne. Camborne, Camborne Vean and Camborne Consols Camborne Historic Development 3.0The of In 1897 CSM acquired the nearby King Edward mines. Dolcoath Mine closed for good in 1921. Mine to provide practical training for students. By the early 1900s the three schools were grouped South Crofty Mine together under the name of the School of Metalliferous Mining. South Crofty Mine is located at Pool in between The Camborne School was located in the centre of Camborne and Redruth. It was the last working tin Camborne until 1975 when it moved to Trevenson, mine in Cornwall, closing in 1998. Pool. The School then moved to Tremough, just The mine has an imposing location, and the tall outside of Falmouth. Graduates from CSM can be headframe and buildings surrounding the New found working in the mining industry worldwide. Cooks Kitchen Shaft can be seen from Pool and Tuckingmill, forming a landmark for the area. King Edward Mine Camborne – Redruth Tramway System [credit King Edward Mine is the oldest complete mine site L Fisher Barham, Cornwall’s Electric Tram- in Cornwall, and lies within the World Heritage Site ways] area at Troon, about 1.5 miles south of Camborne. It was created in 1897 from the former South The first piece of earth for the Camborne – Re- Condurrow mine site and was then used as a druth tramway system was cut in 1902 at the ter- training site for students from Camborne School of minus site at West End, Redruth. The tramway ran Mines. It is now a museum which houses an from West End in Redruth, along through Illogan Holman Fountain, Commercial Square. impressive collection of historic mining machinery. Highway, Pool, Tuckingmill then Roskear and fin- For more information see; ished at Trelowarren Street in Camborne. The www.kingedwardmine.co.uk . route was completed in October 1902. in 1927 the tramway system closed for passenger service, but Dolcoath Mine the mineral trams continued to run for another seven years. The mineral transport section opened Dolcoath was a copper and tin mine. It had deep in 1903, a year after the passenger system workings, running down to 290m by 1780. by 1758 opened. The mineral line section started at East it was equipped with atmospheric steam engines. Pool Mine, from Robartes Shaft north of the A30 Copper was the first material that was mined for and Mitchells Shaft to the South. Both branch lines there, but by the 1840s the mine’s copper reserves came together on the main road joining the pas- were becoming exhausted, and so the workings of senger line at Agar Road, which went on to Pool, the mines were extended further down to try and then to Trevenson Road and on to the depot near find tin. When tin was discovered there the second the top of East Hill. period of activity for the mine began. There turned out to be rich reserves of tin there, which made Dolcoath a major player in world mining, and in the 20th century it became known as the Queen of

Holman machinery on display at the King Edward Mine Cornish Mines. Museum, Troon.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 21

y y There are fine public buildings 19th thepublicbuildings from Theremid fine are Hall Town complex, Hall/Market (theold century andthe Office former formerEstate the Tehidy 20thearly andthe from century LiteraryInstitute) (particularly the group at Camborne Cross). There Cambornegroup the at Cross). (particularly school buildings interesting arearchitecturally ornamented richly TrevuRoad, and Road) (Basset Road, grounds (Basset in mature standing houses RosewarneRoad, Trevu Pendarves Road). and commercialbuildings, imposing There also are around heyday period the from those particularly manyrichly them ornamented, of and 1900.Tall detailing, or architecturall ornateterracotta have elevations. sophisticated andgreater in much Cambornehas, formerlyhad striking a There shopfronts. arrayof numbers, are century19th fewexamples timberearly good of a moremuch of includingone example shopfronts, significance TheseBassetRoad. no.5 local than at grandscale,pilasters, with a on be can brackets, doorwaysseen shared typically in cornices, etc., Only less Place. imposingareslightly Market cornicebay- andbuildingsin the and shopfronts moststyle whichcharacteristic the window is centre, whereCamborne’scommercial of feature elevationsand shopfronts ornatearchitectural less together. aremoulded

March 2010 Settlementmovement form& of the to the south high town, the ground From out map. laid like a Camborneappears Key beacons tall,19thof century large, buildings, high civicstand above commercepride and the up withinfrom thehouses. Even built surrounding up the crescendo old build a around views to area, core, thewith chapels, roofs commercial the of Houseold and Town the Hall/Market shops skylines.These the buildingsarein set dominating ancient follows that an patternof streetscape a tightly from spaced surrounding distinct the roads, from workersRadiatingout of the grid housing. webstreetsalleysinofthe old and circular streetsunfolding curving and the churchtown, with bold thelinesof the dead contrast views cutacrosswhich century19th roads, the straight vistas receding (the long, with landscape view Trelowarren onethe of along most is Street Cornwall). reproducedstreetscenesin theAreaare important Conservation Within monuments medieval like the ecclesiastical church Methodistand chapels,churchyard various the and known andin best the of two biggest the including Cornwall. wholeof first thesethe of amongst arefewSet remnants a 1800 Camborne around expansion of period when listed centre (such the as important emergedan as cottagesthealong theold church and by inns Road/Fore AnotherStreet). Tehidy particularly the group public by is interesting made houses thecentre,from around in period the most dotted a Cambornewas when 1820s 1830s the and formining having morenoted town pubs booming shops. than

ic ic

l The subtle topography of the town town the ofprovides topography Thesubtle Cornwall an in unusual feature streets, level towns. seen can still be from development The town’s the earlierroadpatternaround radiating the core gentlytown lines and the sinuous church century form nineteenth the grid of the from expansion. residential environmentcomprises built The town’s terracedlow rowsbuilt, stone distinctive of workersan alongwith riseindustrial cottages century nineteenth core impressive of urban chapelscommercial buildings, civic and the earlier buildings such as premises, Tyack’s century at inn coaching eighteenth a surprisingand numberin villas of Hotel set fringes. suburban

This section describes the character and section and describescharacter This the • • • appearance of the Conservation Area. This is is This Area. Conservation the of appearance to because for alterations proposals important and the needto publicrealm buildings they that the demonstrate preserve will enhance or Area appearanceConservation the of and character refer should receive proposals to Such consent. set outprinciples here.the Area Conservation CamborneTown coversCentre urbancivcore It includes central town. the the of complexes, religious the with and together urbanelite. of houses century 19th suburban the and environmentisdiversity one great of The built Camborne’s distinctive quality. locally high derived number key a of is from character elements: 4.0 Characterisation Camborne Conservation Area Appraisa Area Conservation Camborne

4.0 Characterisation 22 Building types, age and Classical detail and styles remained dominant in The Gothic style is reflected in Camborne as can be Camborne long after the Gothic revival had made seen in Chapel Street on the former Basset Road architectural detailing its mark elsewhere; for the most part this means Board School, and on the group of public buildings the Italianate commercial style (the old Market around Camborne Cross. An alternative is found in The cornice and bay window style, applied over a Hall/Town hall complex), or the simplified, if often the early 20th century, almost Art Nouveau style, long period, and to residential office and shop richly finished, builder’s stucco-work seen in seen on the New Connexion Chapel. buildings alike, is locally distinctive to Camborne. Basset Road. Some buildings in Camborne show a It is used in a range of materials, scales and severe, elegant restraint in design that raises them There is little to be said about 20th century proportions, from simple, very stripped down to a higher architectural level (Gladys Holman architectural style in Camborne. Some post-war façades (Cross Street) to architecture on a grand House, Chapel Street Wesleyan Church, Camborne buildings around Commercial Square were built in scale (28 Commercial Street). One great Community Centre). Only the Donald Thomas a stripped down classical/modernist style. Other advantage stylistically was that it could be used on Centre, which is the former Literary Institute and later 20th century and 21st century buildings in both classically-inspired elevations, and gothic and one of the best small classical buildings in and around the Conservation Area have more often renaissance inspired styles of the later 19th Cornwall, shows a more adventurous approach to than not been harmful to the character and century, giving the whole central area a continuity design. appearance and do not warrant imitation. overriding some of the stylistic differences of the individual buildings. Gothic revival design is not common in Camborne – even the chapels that employ Gothic do so in a A special group of buildings worth noting are the relatively low-key manner (Roman Catholic Church pubs in central Camborne. These generally survive and former Trelowarren Street Mission Church). in an early 19th century original form as there is The most important building in the style, Tregenna less pressure to enlarge or alter these buildings. Villa, an important building in the wider Cornish The interiors have not changed radically compared context, lies on the edge of the Conservation Area. to other retail units. 4.0Characterisation

3 Basset Road Former Board School, Basset Road United Methodist Chapel. Trelowarren Street

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 23 Building Materials An exceptional use of brick is found on a group of Timber is rarely used as an exposed structural buildings all dating from the mid-late 19th century, material, although many of the commercial Killas and local, fine grained granitic stones are in the same area of the town and probably all by buildings (in Market Place, for instance) conceal predominant building materials in the town. Both the same hand (Camborne Indoor Market; 10 timber framed upper floors behind their stucco are brown-buff in colour, laid either randomly or Vyvyan Street; 5-9 Tehidy Road; 1-3 and 96-106 facades. Mostly, timberwork is used for traditional else in rough courses. Walling in these materials Trelowarren Street). Moulded and unmoulded joinery work like glazing bar sashes, once the often has roughly shaped lintels and quoins. In the bricks are used for jagged mouldings, surrounds universal window type in Camborne. later 19th century, machine-cut and dressed and dogtooth cornices to enrich spiky ‘Ruskinian ’ locally quarried granite becomes more prevalent. Italian –Gothic inspired elevations. To find one Despite many having been removed, those that Early use of well-cut coursed granite moor-stone is such building in a Cornish town is rare enough, to survive add a sense of quality (contrast, for restricted to a few important buildings (the church, find such a group is almost unheard of. instance, identical buildings in Trevu Road, [nos. Tyack’s Hotel, Gladys Holman House). The streets 7-11a], Cross Street [nos. 15-17], or nos.18-20 of cottage rows are built of this material, but so There are other, more restrained uses of brick on South Terrace). The loss is not simply because of are larger, more polite buildings (including those some commercial buildings in the Conservation noise and traffic pollution – the sashes on Tyack’s with dressed stone or stucco fronts), as revealed in Area (14-24, 29-39 and 41 Commercial Street, 5 Hotel show that traditional timber windows are side and rear elevations. It is sometimes worked to and 24-26 Trelowarren Street) and there are perfectly practical in the town centre, questioning a finish, particularly the rough rock-faced finish others almost certainly underneath a covering of the need to replace them elsewhere. typical of the years around 1900. stucco. Brick is actually a much more commonly used material in Camborne than might be thought. Spectacular intricate timber fenestration patterns Grey Carnmenellis granite is used to great effect are a feature of houses in Basset Road and Basset for lintels, dressings, ornamental details and as There is a small group of terracotta-clad Street; glazed porches add to the visible quality of finely cut ashlar in some key buildings, particularly commercial buildings in Camborne (1-3 the area. from the mid 19th century (Donald Thomas Commercial Street; 42 Commercial Street; 71 Centre; Chapel Street Wesleyan church; Smith Trelowarren Street). The design and detail of these There are some fine examples of traditional Institute; Camborne Community Centre). prominent buildings suggests that they were the shopfronts in Camborne, many with relatively work of a single designer. They are tall richly simple timber frames in stone surrounds. In the later 19th century designs that exploited the ornamented and prominent in the streetscene and Reference should be made to Kerrier’s 2004 contrast between the two stones became in wider views over the roofscape of the town, and Shopfront Survey, a companion document to this something of a local specialty (Basset Road Board amongst the most important buildings in report. An outstanding example is no. 5 Basset 4.0Characterisation School; Library; Council Offices). A similar contrast Camborne. Road. between granite and the grey-green veined Devon limestones was used to great effect in some of the Perhaps the most typical material in the central most attractive buildings in the town (28 Market streets is stucco, whether as a total covering, or in place; 9 Chapel Street; 38 Cross Street). the form of moulded architectural details. It is used on residential, commercial and institutional Brick is universally used for chimneys, and also for buildings, some of them amongst the grandest window and door lintel and arches on earlier 19th buildings in the town, (Trevu House, Centenary century buildings (predating the general use of Methodist Church, and Lowenac Hotel). It is also quarried and cut granite for the same purpose). used on a variety of smaller and simpler buildings, Terracotta finials and crested ridge tiles still grace but was always used to give a sense of hierarchy. many roofs, especially the later gabled roofs associated with the cornice and bay style in the From the mid 19th century onwards, stucco was town. used less to give a sense of refinement and taste, more a means for sometimes flamboyant display. This is seen particularly well on commercial buildings in Trelowarren Street, where boldly moulded pilasters, cornices and window surrounds Former Girls’ Grammar School, Trevu Road form part of the shops and shopfronts.

March 2010 24 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal The traditional roofing material throughout the Conservation Area is Cornish slate. It is often scantle roofing, a traditional technique using diminishing courses. Much has been replaced by a variety of materials, but a remarkable amount still survives, not just on outbuildings (less often worth re-roofing than principal buildings, and therefore often the best surviving slate roofs) but also on principal buildings.

The gentle slopes of the town centre, and the way the whole town is laid bare to view from the southern streets on the flanks of Camborne Beacon, mean that roofscapes are very important to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area. Even from areas on the periphery, like the Rosewarne Road car-parks, the views into the Conservation Area are as much about the roofscape as building frontages. The hump-backed slate roof of the Salvation Army Citadel (Vyvyan Street) on the edge of the Conservation Area, is particularly prominent. There is little justification for regarding any roof as not being open to public view, or not making an impact on character; materials additions and alterations should be always considered in this light. Camborne Indoor Market Tehidy Road

4.0Characterisation

17 & 19 Basset Road 35 Pendarves Road 32 Basset Road

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 25 Listed buildings & Scheduled There are 34 listed buildings in the Camborne Tehidy Road Rosewarne House, now know as Conservation Area. The church, tombstones and Gladys Holman House II* Ancient Monuments medieval crosses account for eight listings and Milepost on West drive to Rosewarne villas and larger houses for a further eleven. Home Farm II There are five scheduled monuments in the Public buildings are relatively well represented and Camborne Conservation Area: include two 18th century inns, one school, six Trevenson Street Trevithick Memorial statue, in municipal or civic buildings, two chapels and two front of library II • A 10th century inscribed altar front public memorials (and one possibly re-sited Local government offices/Fire inside the church (SM Cornwall 529); milepost in the grounds of Rosewarne Home Station II • medieval stone crosses in the church- Farm). yard (SM 31823; SM31850), Trevu Road No. 9 Montpellier House II • one in the forecourt of the Donald Basset Road No. 11 Former Basset Arms Hotel II The Grange II Thomas Centre in Chapel Street (SM No. 12, No. 18, No. 24, No. 28, Nos. Trevu House II 31850), and 30 & 32 . II • one in the forecourt of the Chapel Street No. 34 The Lowenac Hotel II Wesley Street Camborne Centenary Methodist Wesleyan church (SM Cornwall136). Magistrates Courts, former Board Church with forecourt and railings II School II None appear to be in their original sites. Chapel Street Camborne Methodist Church II Head of Cornish Cross, Camborne The definitions of the various listing ‘grades’ used Methodist Church II are as follows: No. 14 Smith Memorial Wesleyan Institute II Grade I: building of outstanding architectural or No. 15 Post Office II historic interest. The Donald Thomas Centre II* Head of Cornish Cross, the Donald Grade II*: particularly significant buildings of Thomas Centre II more than local interest. Holman Fountain II

4.0Characterisation Grade II: buildings of special architectural or his- Church Lane Vestry II toric interest. The vast majority of buildings are listed at this grade. Church Street No. 2 Tyack’s Coach Bar II The Lowenac Hotel, Basset Road Nos. 3,5,19 to 25 (odd) The Corn Camborne is included in the list of towns of historic Exchange II origin based on its industrial heritage, a local plan Church of St. Martin & extension of the County Council Historic St. Meriadocus I Settlements designation. The grounds of Gladys - Coffin rest, 3m of West tower II Holman House are proposed as a Garden of Local - Cornish Cross, 8m West tower II Historic Interest, protected by Policy B.EN8 (site - Cornish Cross, 6m S-W of South HG556) of the Plan. porch II - Tredennick Monument beside South tower II - Vivian Monument, 4m west of S. Aisle II

Commercial Street No. 27 Tyack’s Hotel II

South Terrace Camborne Estate Office, former Tehidy Estate Office II Medieval stone cross, Chapel Street

March 2010 26 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Listed Buildings

Buildings that contribute positively to Conservation Area

Negative Buildings

Conservation Area

Proposed boundary extension 4.0Characterisation

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 27 Public realm There is no surviving evidence of the use of granite setts – although they were formerly to be seen at

least in Trelowarren Street (as part of the tramway Substantial public realm works has taken place in fittings). Camborne in recent years. This scheme included

pavement improvements to main streets and land- There is scope for improvement with the town’s scaping schemes at key focal points such as the street furniture. Street lights, CCTV camera Cross, Cross Street and Commercial Street. The stands, traffic sign poles and orange litter bins are later involved creating a central pedestrian open often of an unsympathetic design for the space for seating and events, from a former busy Conservation Area. The Commercial Square/Chapel taxi bay and has proved a great success. Street junction, Centenary Street, Market Place

and Camborne Cross are a particular examples of Public realm works in the town include both local this. and imported granite. Future works should refer to the standards tested and applied to previous schemes. Of particular importance are the needs to carry forward low key traditional detailing such as the combination of tarmac paths with granite threshold stones and kerbstones (eg Chapel Street and Cross Street) and high quality granite slabs marking important buildings and townscape foci (Camborne Cross). Fanned horizontal slabs around corners are a distinctive feature in the town but require deep slabs to avoid damage from vehi- cles mounting pavements.

Only small, confined areas of original paving remain in Camborne town centre (Church Lane, Granite paving at Church Lane Market Place, Camborne Cross). What does remain is of a high quality and is an important feature 4.0Characterisation within the Conservation Area.

Elsewhere there are stretches of good granite kerb stones (Cross Street; Trevu Road), often of unusually broad dimensions, and fully worthy of protection and enhancement. What does survive, gives some indication of the traditional hierarchy of surfaces, good quality granite for the setting of key civic and commercial buildings; a less grand, but still ‘polite ’ arrangement of simple macadamised pavements with granite slab thresholds marking doors and shopfronts; simple macadamised pavements (or none at all) in the residential streets; roads throughout macadamized except for rough unmetalled tracks in the back lanes.

Church Street Public Realm, Rosewarne Car Park

March 2010 28 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Key Views and Vistas

Key to Views

1) View from Wesley Street 2) View down Trelowarren Street 3) View up Trelowarren Street 4) Views down Trelowarren Street 5) View down Trelowarren Street 4.0Characterisation 6) View down Fore Street 7) View up Fore Street 8) View up Chapel Street from Commercial Square 9) View down Chapel Street from Commercial Square 10) View down Chapel Street from Cross Street 11) View up Cross Street 12) View of Church from Aldi Car Park 13) View of Church from Church Street 14) View down Commercial Street 15) View up Commercial Street 16) View down Victoria Street 17) View down Cross Street 18) View of ‘Cross’ from Trevenson Street 19) View of ‘Cross’ from Trevu Road 20) View of ‘Cross’ from South Terrace 21) View down Trevu Road from Railway Bridge 22) View up Trevu Road from Railway Bridge 23) View down Mount Pleasant Road 24) View down Bassett Street 25) View up Pendarves Road 26) View down Pendarves Road 27) View up Pendarves Road

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 29 Views and landmarks Central Camborne is for the most part, a Even more characteristic of Camborne is the effect hard-landscaped urban environment. Aside from of the green mantle. The often huge ornamental The way the town is set on a narrow shelf or the churchyard, there is no public green space trees associated with the large houses and burial plateau projecting from the granite uplands creates within the Conservation Area - Commercial Square grounds which not only form the key elements in a number of good vistas of sloping and often is the only other publicly accessible urban space of their immediate environs, but are always to be curving streets – especially up to the small spur on any consequence. As a result, rear yards and seen as the backdrop to the wider townscape, as which stand the church and market place. The gardens, particularly of the larger properties on the closers or incidents in longer views. increasing height and scale of buildings in the north, west and south of the central area, are even central core around Commercial Street and more precious in terms of amenity and privacy Despite the ever-spreading scale of the town and Commercial Square emphasizes these long vistas where they survive intact. This is also true of those its suburbs, views of the open countryside can and sweeping streetscapes. few smaller gardens in the central streets, too intriguingly present themselves in the very heart of often overlooked by other properties or the town. The view of Carn Entral seen along Gas Glimpses into and from Trelowarren Street are inappropriately opened up by hard standings for Street is a typical example. important to the character of the area. Here and parking. elsewhere in Camborne, there is a marked change in scale between the surrounding residential Although the Chamber of Commerce began a streets and commercial buildings, or surviving programme of street tree planting in the early 20th industrial buildings, civic buildings, chapels and century (Wellington Road), there are few street schools all standing like beacons above a sea of trees in the Conservation Area. The urban planting housing. in Commercial Square is a welcome move in the right direction. The town’s topography was deliberately exploited in the 19th century by the siting of major buildings Some streets are dominated by the very public (Clock Tower, Centenary Chapel). Chapel Street effect of mature trees in private gardens. Such was laid out with a vista into Commercial Square streets include Basset Road, South Terrace, Trevu and with grand buildings strategically placed to Road and perhaps most obviously in Pendarves close off the various viewpoints –an effect now Road, where the houses are obscured from view by sadly reduced by poor mid-late 20th century the density of planting. Garden walls, hedges, buildings. gates etc are important throughout the outer 4.0Characterisation streets of the Conservation Area. The loose grid of streets and back lanes allows for permeability and easy pedestrian access, and Within the heart of the built-up streets trees Carn Entral seen from Gas Street vehicle through traffic is limited. These areas are continuously and suddenly burst into the an intermediate zone between the commercial and streetscape in surprising places (Cross Street, the residential streets. They are sometimes short Basset Street). Trees in rear gardens loom over and sometimes, as along the back of Trelowarren roofs, or can be glimpsed through side lanes. There Street, disappear into the distance. They are well are often overgrown and neglected small trees and used by pedestrians and mostly have on street shrubs in front gardens. There is a delicate balance parking. Properties have a range of business uses between the need to manage, prune and cut these and contain a range of small to sometimes very plants, and preserving their vital impact in the large outbuildings, which have historical interest otherwise hard streetscape. and streetscape value.

Trevu Road seen from the railway bridge

March 2010 30 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Character Areas There is a variety of materials and building techniques in this area of town including timber

and metal framing, brick or stucco facing, The Conservation Area can be broken into four terracotta, stone and render mouldings and broad character sub areas, which reflect the finishes. various stages of what was a long history but a rapid urbanization. These areas partly relate to Fore Street is a more modest built environment. zones previously identified in the CISI and CSUS studies of Camborne. Although distinct in their own There is a broad distinction between the older West side of the street (simple robust form with right the areas do overlap. They should not be minimal decoration) and the east side which was looked at in isolation as one of Camborne’s main mostly rebuilt in the late nineteenth century. characteristics is the way spaces, paths and views interweave through the townscape, so that one The back areas of these buildings still contain older area may form the setting to another. outbuildings and boundary walls, some of which The four areas are: have been converted or rebuilt as shop units.

Some of these rear buildings are amongst the 1. Churchtown/Market Place/Fore Street oldest surviving structures in Camborne and have 2. The Commercial core Commercial Street Shopfront great historical significance. 3. Camborne Cross 4. The leafy suburbs (Basset/Trevu/Rosewarne) Historic shops and shopfronts are a particular

feature of this old commercial area, with important features (tiled, mosaic or granite thresholds and Church town/Market Place This area includes Church Street, Church Lane, in-go’s), some of which have significance to the wider Conservation Area such as no.1 College Commercial Street, Fore Street, north end of Street (the former Spar shop), a mid 19th century Basset Road; north-west end of Cross Street; school or nos. 1-3 Commercial Street). Gurney’s Lane, Hooper’s Lane and Commercial

Street. There is an important distinction between different

types of shopfront. The typical image of a 19th

century shopfront is mostly timber framed (there 4.0Characterisation Summary of character: are some cast iron examples in Camborne such as

Characterised by sloping, radiating streets and a no. 8 Market Place), without necessarily having a direct relationship to the host building aside from roughly circular pattern of back lanes. There is a rich variety of architectural styles and a good mix appropriate scale and stylistic details. In this area, they are mostly inserted into generally earlier and Commercial Street of dates and functions. This is reflected in the predominance of listed buildings and scheduled more modestly scaled buildings (west side of Market Place, Commercial Street). Contrasting ancient monuments. with these are shopfronts forming part of the architectural treatment of the whole façade, In contrast to the openness and greenery of the usually larger and later structures (especially the Church town, the Market Place is an enclosed east side of Market Place). space. Although partly infilled and now given over largely to roadway, it remains one of the few open, The outer edges of the Conservation Area are tree urban hard-landscaped spaces in Camborne; used lined and the mature ornamental trees in for public functions and festivals. Some buildings particular make a considerable contribution to the are deliberately sited to close off views and draw streetscene. They have an especially important people through (as with the Wesleyan Church and Hooper’s Lane ). In these alleys and lanes there is impact on Trevithick Road, Fore Street, and the open spaces around the Grange and churchyard. a glimpse into an older, less ordered world. Rear lanes have little or no footpath and much rougher Tyacks Hotel, Commercial Street surfacing.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 31 The Commercial Core Mid Trelowarren Street contains smaller units, a The area provides outstanding examples of traditional shopfronts with no. 42 Commercial marked lowering in height with 2 storey buildings, often less altered than the core area with a greater Street and 71 Trelowarren Street particularly good The Commercial Core contains the town’s main examples. Different styles of shopfronts exist: Streets, Trelowarren Street, Cross Street and survival of historic shopfronts. The area includes chapels and churches along with taller nineteenth Commercial Street. century rebuilding and speculative terraces. It has • Parlour shops- little more than enlarged windows in humbler cottages, (e.g. 78 Gradually these streets were transformed into the an early urban focus with civic, institutional and commercial, social and institutional core which recreational buildings. It was the financial and legal Trelowarren Street)

eventually overtook the old centre, and remains to district with purpose built nineteenth century • Traditional- mostly timber framed shopfronts, this day the heart of Camborne. The nodal point of offices and banks. Buildings are polite with severe unrelated to the host building (actually rare in growth, of movement and the focus of activity was, classical architectural detail. Cornices, bay windows the main streets, but seen for instance at no. until the later 20th century, Commercial Square. and narrow fascias are typical details. 40 Cross Street, or no. 77 Trelowarren Street This area is different in its morphology from the old

core as its streets are long and straight. The area contains vernacular cottages, which are • Cornice and bay-window style - where the simple, low, small, and robustly detailed in granite simply-detailed shopfront is integrated with The central commercial area has shrunk in extent. and killas with slate roofs. There are humble The outer edges of the area showing widespread ‘parlour’ shops with typical distinctive cornice and the architectural frame of the building, often with an awning in the fascia (e.g. nos. 16-18 evidence of the retreat of shopping and other uses; bay window style shops. chapels have closed and been converted to other Cross Street). Such shopfronts have often been altered in central locations where shops uses; back-lane workshops stand empty or Some side lanes are little more than opes through underused. front buildings, with dead side elevations and bland have been occupied by high street multiples.

ground floor environments; others, especially those Chapel Street/Commercial Square is the only which continue the residential streets, have active The area possesses an enclosed streetscape containing tall buildings, particularly in the west formal space in this area, which suggests an urban frontages with buildings of considerable interest. end of Trelowarren Street, tightly packed and close space as a rival to the ancient market place. A This was probably the original pattern for most of up against the pavement. Plot sizes are narrow. recent public realm scheme has provided an open the opes. The opes provide important visual and

usable area. physical links between different areas and

interesting streetscapes and views. However, they Trees/landscapes The façade of the Centenary Chapel is a clear are often neglected, and are currently under threat. 4.0Characterisation attempt to create a formal space. Views are The only substantial green space in this area is in interrupted, however, by traffic-management The area provides outstanding examples of fittings. traditional shopfronts, with no. 42 Commercial the enclosed burial ground behind the Centenary Chapel. Although it is an important historic site Street and 71 Trelowarren Street particularly good In townscape terms, key buildings are sited to examples. Different styles of shopfronts exist: which provides a pleasant quiet environment, the area makes little townscape impact close off views, to mark junctions and corners and to act as navigation marks around the streetscape. • Parlour shops- little more than enlarged Trees are glimpsed between buildings as part of Important buildings within the streetscape are windows in humbler cottages, (e.g. 78 often set back behind a small forecourt to give Trelowarren Street) rear gardens, or in the wider context of the green mantle surrounding the Conservation Area. some spatial context and enhance the buildings setting. • Traditional- mostly timber framed shopfronts, for instance at no. 40 Cross Street, or no. 77 The west end of Trelowarren Street/Commercial Trelowarren Street Square contains a focus of commercial activity with a few old shopfronts; tall, 3-4 storey ornate buildings with exuberant detail, a mixture of materials, mostly rendered, but also brick terracotta detailing.

March 2010 32 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal

4.0 Characterisation 33

l l y y h a a h

Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Camborne Camborne Cross of useshereeclectic mix an There remains station, flowerforge, sales,light pub, (railway industrial units, builders’ merchants, community builders’units, industrial merchants, educationalonecentres library). of It is and and the from spots in Camborneapart busiest the Itwith centre. isnodal point a high shopping with flows, severaland routestraffic pedestrian space, andimportant this and through into coming (library, uses station,Community urban railway Centre). History wayside cross site medieval forarea the a was This andmanorial early forthe important focus and a witIt junction is locally sites. important mine cross-county through route and is a natural natural a routeand through is cross-county The for therailway station. railway towns location created more industrial development, housing, development, createdmore industrial resulted andadministrativeThis complexes. pubs newfoundpride townsanda the urbanstatus in in entire centrecreatedan newcivic self-governance the yearsaround in 1900. Spatialcontext sizes, aopen of plot of mixture Thearea contains rear and yards courts and orhalf-enclosed architecturall industrialwith sitesworkshops, and civic buildings.or industrial significant areasof theincludes; surrounding Characteristics classicalSouthopenness broad Terrace, the and of bulk casttextures the heavily and industria the builtand densely around the station buildings of urban quality Crossup Street. Trevensonchange scale the against Despite in as spatialcongruity the a street there is Street Cross,andtheout approach the to houses widens oftenfront size, containing gardens. in increase a Trevenson has pronounced Street Thegulley-like the from character, leafy distinct suburban urban Southof townscape Terrace.Theremarked a is and quality tight in scale the from spatial change commercial theand ofto streets residential grain March 2010 Character Areas Areas Character the north and east. The railway and industrial The Cross contains some of the most imposing There are an unusual range of sites associated complexes provide a physical barrier to the more nineteenth century buildings in Cornwall. These with the railway including the rebuilt station genteel, leafy vistas of Trevu Road and Beacon include the Public Rooms (1890), Passmore (1894-6), earlier goods shed (now a builder’s Hill. Edwards Library (built 1895 by Sylvanius Trevail) merchants), and the late 19th century forge, and Council Chamber and Fire Station dating from workshop and office of the railway company. This The sudden increasing height and scale of 1903. These buildings are built of hammer dressed complex includes scoria waste blocks visible in its buildings, virtually from all directions is one of the brownish granite with silver granite ashlar rubble wall fabric. To its rear the clock tower over areas most notable features. Public and industrial detailing. The area in front of the library has been the yard is an attractive feature. Even the 1940’s buildings stand proud of the surrounding cottages recently improved through a public realm scheme footbridge and level crossing add to the interest of and their position on corner sites or within large and contains the 1928 listed statue of Trevithick this group. yards, many with public access, means that rear cradling his steam engine. and side elevations and roofscapes are very Opposite the station is one of the most important visible. Slightly further afield, other buildings contribute to sites in the Conservation Area. The only surviving the civic and public character of this area. These historic Holman works in Camborne town, The double roundabout outside the library does include the former Tehidy estate office of the incorporating an earlier foundry complex. This nothing to enhance the setting of the surrounding 1840s, a severely elegant granite ashlar classical pneumatic tools division expanded from 1919, historic buildings. The road is very busy and for block, once described as the finest building in the taking over the Public Rooms in 1930, and building pedestrians crossing is very tortuous. The areas in town, converted into a Community Centre in 1937. a new factory in 1939-40, the heyday of the front of the library and former council offices business according to its own history. The site is contains some of the best traditional surfacing in Just beyond it are the fragmentary remains of now vacant and most of the structures have fallen the town with high quality dressed granite slabs. Camborne Veor, the former home of the Bassets into disrepair. There is an urgent need for a Other areas of good paving/setts can be found which was used in recent years by the Urban scheme that will conserve and reuse this important around the former smithy and Holmans sites. District Council and is now sheltered housing. set of buildings. The great range of brick gables along the railway side is one of the iconic images Landscapes and trees The Masonic hall in Cross Street (1899) is of of Camborne, and a familiar site to thousands of similar materials to the Public Rooms, and was rail passengers. The Cross has an urban landscape with limited perhaps designed by the same architect. trees and greenery. Trees can be glimpsed The most important element of the whole complex, between buildings as part of rear gardens or as The Girl’s Grammar school in Trevu Road (1908), however, is the manager’s house and yard facing 4.0Characterisation part of the wider context of the green mantle along is a fine Edwardian renaissance block, yet again in Trevu Road. This is flanked by imposing later 19th South Terrace and up Trevu Road. the same mix of materials, now an education century granite wings built by (and still bearing the resource centre. name of) Holman’s. The rendered manager’s house The trees and greenery in the gardens of 1 Basset survives from the earlier foundry. It is a rare Street and 1 South Terrace, however, do between The same period saw the rebuilding (or early-mid 19th century industrial office. The walled them form an important green break creating an completion) of much of Cross Street and Basset yard with its fine setts makes a complete surviving almost ‘gateway’ effect, between the Cross and Street in complementary late 19th century urbane complex, a perfect match to the railway works South Terrace. This creates a softer setting for the styles. Ashlar granite is typically used along with yard opposite. The two complexes between them library in particular. render and typical cornice and bay window create an unique, industrial streetscene. The site detailing. These buildings also still possess maintains Holman’s proud identity in Camborne, Built environment splendid porches and ornate glazing. no matter how faded the signs or the memories.

Buildings around the Cross are diverse and The surviving urban industrial complexes in this uniquely designed with rich material and area have architectural and historical importance architectural detailing. Civic Buildings are to Cornwall and The World Heritage Site. Buildings imposing, while other buildings around them are are of rubble, dressed stone, granite, killas, and small scale and humble (e.g. Railway Tavern). brick. Roofing is in local slate and granite cobbled yards still remain.

March 2010 34 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal The Leafy Suburbs Spatial context and greenery The area also contains stone buildings with gothic detailing, which provides a different aesthetic. The old routes radiating out from the church town Gardens, mature trees and greenery are vital to to north, west and south are leafy, spacious these areas. Much of this is informal, with Industrial sites and buildings are also scattered suburban roads containing large early-mid 19th sometimes landscaped gardens or the occasional throughout the area (council depots, railway century houses. hedgerow set with large trees (South Terrace). sheds, farm buildings etc.). Richard Trevithick's Much of the spatial quality here, however, is a workshop in the grounds of Rosewarne Park may These roads have shared characteristics. Buildings result of the formal layout of wide, boulevard-like have been demolished, but there are many others are of high quality materials and architectural streets with striking vistas (Basset Road). Even old surviving. One of the utilitarian outbuildings to the detailing. The grounds contain mature trees and roads, like South Terrace, were straightened and rear of Basset Street/South Terrace was used in greenery which is important to the character of the enhanced as part of this process. the early 19th century as a Quaker Meeting House. area. There are a number of features, which add much Outbuildings and backland structures are in many Many of the substantial residential buildings have to the quality of the streetscape here. These cases the least altered, and sometimes the oldest been converted to alternative uses including include the stiles to the paths leading off Trevu of all buildings in Camborne. They are also of great flats, hotels, medical practices and private offices. Road, the gates and walls to various buildings, the historical significance. lodges to Rosewarne, and the Victorian post-box in These suburbs contain many informal spaces. The the wall by Parc Bracket. There are also recognizable groups or types of overall effect is to provide a green, pleasant building and terraces that share features and envelope around three sides of the town, where The area contains many detached buildings in whose overall streetscape impact is greater than the streetscape merges with parks and playing large gardens. Outbuildings, boundary walls and merely the sum of each individual building. Even fields, woods and open countryside. Interventions gates are particularly important and are part of the the listed buildings along Basset Road are as must recognise and respect this richness and architectural expression of the buildings. important for the cumulative effects of similarities diversity of character and appearance, and not of design, detailing, scale, fenestration, detached, seek to impose uniform solutions to buildings or Trees often have a much greater impact than just four-square character and predominance of hipped streetscapes in the immediate property or street scene. Rear roofs. Changes to individual buildings should be garden trees in South Terrace are visible from measured against their effect on the whole group. The Grange/the Glebe –special note Cross Street, and the mature ornamental specimens in and around The Grange, Rosewarne Many buildings are deliberately sited, closing vistas

Although currently outside the Conservation Area and Trevu impact on the entire conservation area. or marking street corners and transitions to other 4.0Characterisation boundaries, the former lands of The Rectory (now Many trees in private gardens and grounds such as distinct areas. Many buildings stand above the the Grange) and the old Glebe are included here Basset Road and South Terrace are also perceived general height levels, or make a bold statement and, in part, in the description of the Churchtown as street trees. amongst the generally relatively flat elevations and area. This is because their character is entirely restrained treatment of surrounding streets. Many consistent with the character of the other ‘polite’ Built environment of the finest buildings in these areas are scarcely suburbs, and there is clearly a direct link and visible from public spaces, being buried deep in impact with the Conservation Area. This is through Buildings are mostly residential, but with many richly ornamented gardens and landscaped the effect of views into the area, the quality of the having been converted. Amongst the houses are grounds. well-treed landscape, and the sense of enclosure late 19th/early 20th century purpose built buildings provided to the Conservation Area, and the wider of different scale and detailing such (church and town. school). These buildings fit into the streetscene through the quality of their materials and detailing.

The area contains many listed buildings. Buildings in these areas were often of a high social status with quality detailing. The joinery work and ornamental stuccowork in Basset Road and Basset Street is of a high standard. Stucco is a common purposely designed feature in these buildings.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 35 Of course, ‘urban elements ’ - shops, pubs, Buildings at Risk chapels and schools - can also be found mixed in 5.0 with the more purely residential streets, as can the Camborne contains a number of historic buildings remnants of the great industrial enterprises that in various states of neglect. They remain created Camborne – this is particularly true of Issues and important historic buildings which reflect the Centenary Street/Trevenson Street. The current historical development of the area and are worthy conservation area creates something of an artificial of preservation and conversion. Opportunities distinction between the town centre and the rest of the historic settlement, and should perhaps be

considered as the first stage in reviewing

designations and policies for the whole of this The Conservation Area covers the core of settlement. Camborne. By the mid 19th century this commercial, ecclesiastical and administrative focus expanded with grids of workers’ housing, while the Boundary of the Conservation two local landowning families, the Bassets of Area Tehidy and the Vyvyans of Trelowarren, created and promoted a new urban centre, with market The Conservation Area was designated in house, town hall, chapels, literary institute, September 2004 and has not been extended professional services and select suburban villas. since. There appear areas, however where

amendments to the current boundary appear After a lean period in the late 19th century, a local justified. Justification for these proposed 5.0 Issues and Opportunities and5.0Issues Opportunities economic recovery around 1900 was associated extensions is given in Appendix 2. with a second wave of civic building which created a new centre near the railway station, while the commercial centre was rebuilt and expanded on a grand scale.

Camborne is significant as the creation of industrial Cornwall, but the Conservation Area reflects not simply the industrial development of the town, but its long history, its cultural and social roles, its commercial importance and the development of urban governance and pride.

The undervalued perception that Camborne has, does not reflect this rich inheritance, nor the quality of the surviving urban fabric. Camborne Town Centre Conservation Area does not by any means encompass the whole of the historic town, but only the central streets. This is an area tied together by certain common strands: in broad terms, this is the commercial, administrative and social heart of the town, the urban core, with buildings and townscapes to match.

March 2010 36 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 5.0 Issues and Opportunities and5.0Issues Opportunities

Proposed conservation Area boundary extensions and Article 4 directions

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 37

Negative Buildings Gap/opportunity sites PRINCIPLE: The Local Planning Authority should where possible and practicable promote the Kerrier District Local Plan: Planning Policy Guidance 15, para. 4.17: redevelopment of gap and opportunity sites, and B.EN11: development will be permitted in the the enhancement/replacement of buildings Conservation Area if it respects the scale, height, Many Conservation Areas include gap sites, or deemed in the Appraisal to make a negative massing, alignment and design character of the buildings that make no positive contribution, or contribution to the quality of the Conservation area; where it preserves existing heritage or indeed detract from the character and appearance Area in accordance with policies set out in the architectural features; where it incorporates local of the area: their replacement should be seen as relevant Local Plan and in national planning building styles or materials; and where it preserves an opportunity to enhance the area. What is guidance. and enhances the character and appearance of the important is not that new buildings should imitate Conservation Area (other than in exceptional earlier styles, but that they should be designed The English Heritage/CABE document Building in cases). The setting of the Conservation Area is also with respect for their context, as part of a larger context: new development in historic areas should recognized as being important in this respect. whole which has a well established character of its be used as a particular guide to the appropriate own. approach. In this respect, designs should follow B.EN12: Demolition will be permitted where the the principles for the character areas set out in the structure to be demolished makes no significant Appraisal without necessarily being pastiche. They The Conservation Area Appraisal identified a contribution to the character or appearance of the should reflect the historic urban grain, respect number of buildings which detract from the area and detailed proposals for the re-use or important views, and should be inspired by the character and appearance of the Conservation redevelopment of the site have been approved. proportions, massing and materials of surrounding Area, as well as ‘gap’ and opportunity sites which historic buildings. A high-quality, thoughtful could productively be redeveloped. These gaps are approach is needed: it is not enough simply to Although, in many cases, these negative buildings 5.0 Issues and Opportunities and5.0Issues Opportunities often ‘tears’ in the fabric of the townscape, and to randomly apply historic details, or to use modern are in good condition and productive use, works to fill these would improve the sense of enclosure stone facing panels separated by mastic expansion these buildings present opportunities to render and quality of the townscape. joints. them more in keeping with their neighbours.

Demolition is encouraged where the replacement There is also an opportunity for increased use (and New developments should add to the variety and building would make a positive contribution to the possibly LOTS type schemes) of the interesting texture of the Conservation Area. character and appearance of the Conservation Area outbuildings, workshops and yards that are or its setting. important to the Conservation Area’s character. Camborne has quite a few poorly maintained historic buildings but in terms of architectural Back lanes, alleys etc. are unique streetscapes, design has relatively a few negative buildings. often an important aspect of the character and These include the following buildings: setting of principal streets, but also of exceptional importance in themselves; here buildings and informal streetscapes directly preserve historic layout and grain or archaeological sites, and sometimes contain amongst the oldest buildings in the Conservation Area, often with significant histories, textures and fabric of their own. Erosion or loss of these buildings could result in a similar poverty of townscape as already exists in some streetscapes (Gas Street; Camborne School of Mines site), where wholesale demolition has taken place. A building in Trelowarren Street at odds with the character of the Conservation Area Camborne Centre, Trelowarren Street

March 2010 38 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Public realm However, there is a risk that measures to improve the energy efficiency of historic buildings could Building Regulations Part L1. Sections 2.9 damage or destroy their historic and architectural - 2.11 The recent Camborne Public Realm Scheme has significance. For example, the installation of delivered a number of public realm improvements. renewable energy equipment on buildings, such as 2.9 Historic buildings include - This has removed visual clutter from the street wind turbines, solar water heating and photo- and efforts should be made to prevent clutter voltaic cells, could have an adverse effect on the a) listed buildings. returning. Conservation Area. There is also the perception

that uPVC windows are more energy efficient (the b) buildings situated in conservation areas. sustainability of uPVC windows is a complex issue Sustainability and is discussed further on page 60), but c) buildings which are of architectural and the installation of these is usually detrimental to historical interest and which are referred to as Climate change is probably the greatest long-term the character and appearance of the Conservation a material consideration in a local authority’s challenge facing the human race, and the UK Area. Therefore, historic buildings are exempt from development plan. Government has made a number of commitments the application of Part L where it would threaten to reduce carbon emissions, which are believed to their special character, as described in the inset. d) buildings of architectural and historical contribute to climate change. Current targets are That said, a balance needs to be struck, and it is interest within national parks, areas of to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20% (of important that the local authorities, residents and outstanding natural beauty, and World 1990 levels) by 2010, and by 60% by 2050. businesses make serious efforts to reduce carbon Heritage Sites. emissions. Recommendations of how this might be

Operational energy in buildings (to heat, ventilate achieved are set out in the management strategy 2.10 The need to conserve the special and light them, etc) accounts for 46% of the UK’s section (page 60). characteristics of such historic buildings needs to and5.0Issues Opportunities carbon dioxide emissions, and so in order to meet be recognised. In such work, the aim should be to these targets it is critical that every household and improve energy efficiency where and to the extent business take measures to reduce energy use in that it is practically possible, always provided that their buildings. Part L of the Building Regulations the work does not prejudice the character of the came into force in 2002 and seeks to improve the historic building, or increase the risk to the long- energy efficiency of buildings. There are also term deterioration to the building fabric or fittings. progressive targets for carbon emissions from the In arriving at an appropriate balance between construction and operation of new buildings historic building conservation and energy (Ecohomes and Code for Sustainable Homes). consumption, it would be appropriate to take into account the advice of the local planning authority’s building conservation officers.

Photovoltaic cells on a historic church, Germany

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 39 Conservation Area

Proposed boundary extension to conservation area 5.0 Issues and Opportunities and5.0Issues Opportunities

March 2010 40 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Part Two Management Strategy Part Two Management Strategy Two Strategy Management Part

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 41 March 2010 6.0 Introduction 6.0 Introduction to the Management Strategy Strategy theManagement to 6.0Introduction

This Management Strategy develops the findings of the Appraisal to consider how best the special character and appearance of the Camborne Conservation Area can be protected and enhanced. It begins with an outline of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the Conservation Area. The second section then considers how the character and appearance of the Conservation area could be enhanced, referring to general and specific issues. The third section sets out the ways in which the Conservation Area is and can be protected by statutory and local means. The final section considers how this plan can be implemented, who will be responsible for it, and how it should be funded.

Although some of the action points are particularly relevant to the local authority, the strategy is intended for everyone who lives or works in the Camborne Conservation Area, as well as those who visit it. Like the Appraisal, it is the product of local consultation and discussion. It is intended as a practical, achievable document, not a set of empty aspirations.

Aerial photograph of Camborne churchtown and town centre.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 43 7.0 Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities & threats

The following broad SWOT analysis considers -recent public realm improvements; refurbished Weaknesses some of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities public square with seating and recreation area and threats in Camborne from a conservation and -range of residential types: flats in commercial urban design viewpoint. It is not an economic, streets; edge of centre cottages/terraces; more -Long-term under-appreciation of quality and value

7.0 Srengths, weaknesses, opportunities & threats weaknesses, opportunities 7.0 Srengths, regeneration or urban health check analysis. substantial houses (and office uses) in quieter of historic fabric (and overall character) did not streets; substantial houses in mature grounds engender a high level of quality in materials or th -still relatively low property values attract buyers design in late 20 century work, especially on Strengths commercial properties -much of Conservation Area is fringed with greenery, both private gardens and (just -low property values conversely make for poor outside designated area) parks/playing fields. investment potential and indicate marginal -historic character and fabric of surprising variety Historic urban houses, gardens, landscapes of economic activity and quality good quality buildings and highest quality townscape -low income base for restoration, or for match- -good range of community facilities; shops, funding for grant aid –the built fabric of the town is robust, and doctor, school, sports centre, church/chapels, survives to a good degree. There has been -sources of employment/spending power within community centres much less intrusion into the historic fabric from Camborne are still below average levels redevelopment /road schemes than many other -high levels of external investment (THI; Objective -long-term deprivation and recession has left a Cornish towns 1 funded town centre improvement scheme; legacy of under-investment and lack of repair/ CPR URC urban framework/action plans) -vibrant town centre with a good mix of local and restoration in many properties specialist commercial premises in small, -evidence of recovery in town centre and wider -central area typified by ‘hard’ enclosed street- medium and large units community in recent years scape, poor modern shopfronts, limited open -attractive specialist quarter (Cross Street/Basset -Camborne Regeneration Group has been spaces, lack of green areas or ‘breathing Road) established to champion future proposals for spaces’ and recreational areas; lack of reasons the town to linger in town centre -locally available specialist contractors used to working in historic buildings -Cornwall Council has a proven track record in -lack of a key attractor (either commercial, obtaining and effectively managing heritage-based economic, cultural or administrative) -good vehicle access; on-street parking in main grant schemes (for instance in Redruth where such shopping area; convenient car parking on edge -although a good range of shops, there is a lack of schemes have proven the most effective catalyst of centre a key store sufficient to draw shoppers from for regeneration) alternative centres -town-centre or edge of centre bus station and railway station -the easy parking encourages quick-visit and collection, but conversely could mitigate against -highly permeable central area. Pedestrian access longer stays from residential streets is extremely good, with level access to railway station and bus-station -in periphery areas (the approach roads to the centre, and through-routes) poorly maintained -level, easy pedestrian access to surrounding buildings and the dominant presence of vehicle residential areas traffic management ephemera in the street- scape do not encourage entry to the core.

March 2010 44 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal -one of key problem areas is around Market Place; -living over the shop eligibility applies to much of -the streetscape improvements have gone a long a key historic and civic space, now given over central area with potential for upgrading of way to making the town centre pedestrian- to traffic; the setting of major buildings existing housing stock priority, but should be extended (in less compromised by poor streetscape (traffic -promotion and interpretation of the heritage of intrusive and self-consciously designed management, loss of urban fabric in Church the town and area manner) to rest of core Street); inappropriate appearance of major -this particularly relates to identified listed buildings (the old Market House complex) -initiatives to make the best use of those special features of the town that survive to create a redevelopment schemes which could -poor management, maintenance & accessibility of sense of place and local distinctiveness, conversely have major negative impact some key buildings in the area perhaps especially the stock of unused or -edge of town developments; pulling commercial underused shops activity away from traditional core zones, and requiring intrusive car-parking/loss of street- Opportunities scape, sense of attractive place. Threats -developments in and around Pool could affect & threats weaknesses, opportunities 7.0 Srengths, -much of the improvement and enhancement of -lack of appreciation of full diversity and commercial & retail activities in Camborne the Conservation Area lies in the public realm, Town Centre traffic management review, streetscape audit complexity of spatial qualities, historic fabric, and enhancement, landscape management streetscape and diversity and archaeological -at the same time, uncoordinated, small-scale and agreements and improvements and so-on; significance and potential, leading to: piecemeal proposals could seriously affect the these can be easier achieved than private or lack of maintenance and neglect of historic historic character and current quality of partnership initiatives fabric environment -identified redevelopment schemes could have loss of historic fabric, poor alterations -demolition; some of the most important buildings major beneficial impact (bus station site; unsympathetic conversion of historic buildings and streetscapes in Camborne were demol- th Holmans site, former School of Mines site) loss of archaeological evidence ished in the late 20 century (Vivian’s store, loss of interpretative, celebratory and the school of mines, the row of buildings in -identification and inclusion within Cornish Mining promotion opportunities Church Street). Similar destruction on this World Heritage Site bid of whole town, and -lack of appreciation of value and quality of trees, scale should never be allowed again specific sites (Holman’s; Rosewarne) greenery, gardens (especially forecourts. Loss -the Market House while unresolved complex of enclosure and provision of hard standings) -the upgrading of the currently empty market remains a threat and opportunity house complex could make a significant -lack of appreciation of value and quality of back -retraction of core commercial zone; loss of town-wide enhancement streets and backland. Accessibility, historic shopfronts by conversion to residential connectivity, street layouts, historical -the quality and robustness of the historic fabric use. This is not as severe as in some other topography, greenery, historic fabric i.e. in Camborne means that opportunities for former historic market centres (St. Day has a (buildings, walls) enclosure, archaeological exciting new designs are as possible as simple particularly acute problem with this issue) it is potential reinstatement/restoration nonetheless a severe problem in certain areas -a particular opportunity in this respect is with -lack of appreciation of full diversity and on the edge of the conservation area, the shopfronts where the whole ground floor of the complexity of character and uses within the upper end of Trelowarren Street in particular conservation area (e.g. services and specialist building has been removed; these clearly offer -unguided application of existing town centre shops actually have a wider catchment and remarkable opportunities for interesting new shopping opportunity area and town centre need for accessibility and promotion than is designs. shopping core area (local plan policies S1 and sometimes indicated, for instance, in the CPR S2). While the overall aims are to be sup- -heritage-led regeneration schemes involving a URC urban framework/action plans) relatively high level of grant aid and public ported, urban design and townscape issues funding (THI/HERS) -lack of reference to surviving streetscape involved could potentially create damage that hierarchies and type and use of historic would outweigh any economic benefits that -designation of Conservation Area will open materials in public realm schemes might accrue. funding, policy and management opportunities not available so far -failure of development and even regeneration schemes, to recognise or refer to Camborne’s special and locally distinctive character.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 45 contractors, and property owners. All proposals affecting the public realm should be developed Within areas that do not have an obvious historic 8.0 with reference to key guidance documents, such character, a contemporary but limited palette – as: suitably distinguished from but also complement- the historic materials palette – could productively be deployed. Enhancement • Streets for All: South West (English Heritage, 2005) Care should be taken that essential roadworks do • Paving the Way (CABE, 2002) not compromise or degrade the public realm and This section looks at how the character and that surfaces are correctly reinstated upon appearance of the Camborne Conservation Area For the purposes of this management plan, the completion. Where posts and signs have to be could be enhanced. English Heritage’s Guidance on public realm has been divided into the following set into the pavement, slabs should be re-cut the Management of Conservation Areas states that categories: paving, signage, lighting, street where possible to accommodate them: concrete or enhancement can take two principal forms: furniture and planting. tarmac patches are not appropriate. The Local Planning Authority should make maximum - the sympathetic redevelopment of sites defined Paving use of its powers under the New Roads and Street- in the detailed Appraisal of the area as detracting works Act to inspect works by utility companies from its character or appearance The Conservation Area still retains areas of high and to apply financial penalties in cases where quality historic paving that are worthy of reinstatement is inadequate. - pro-active proposals, such as the management retention. Robust granite kerbs to pavements and and repair of a designed historic landscape, a granite slab thresholds marking doors and The Local Authority should provide a repair and scheme for the restoration of distinctive shopfronts are historically consistent with the maintenance programme for materials that are architectural features or traditional shop fronts, area. These still exist and should be replicated in damaged or have missing elements. the reinstatement of historic surfaces, or the future public realm schemes. reduction of traffic intrusion and the rationalisation ACTION: Consideration should be given to the of street signage. production of a manual for streetscapes in the PRINCIPLES: There should be a presumption in historic areas of the town. The action points set out within this section have favour of the retention of historic paving materials been developed with the English Heritage guidance within the Conservation Area – predominantly in mind. The first part of the section deals with granite kerbstones. As opportunities arise, there general themes, applicable to the whole should be a presumption to restore historic local Conservation Area but illustrated with specific materials that have been lost in key public spaces

8.0 Enhancement 8.0Enhancement examples. The second part then gives specific and streets. action points applicable to smaller sub-areas or streets. When traditional materials are reinstated, they should be of the same size unit as historic General guidance examples, where possible.

Public realm Where interventions are required to meet current Disability/Health and Safety legislation (e.g. Streets and open spaces, collectively known as the studded pavements at crossings), these should be public realm, are a major factor in the character of carefully designed so that they do not compromise the Conservation Area. Care should be taken in or result in the loss of historic street paving/ the case of any essential maintenance/repair kerbstones, and so that their design complements works, so that the public realm does not become and enhances their surroundings. Areas suffering degraded. This will involve the various local from a degraded public realm should be upgraded authority departments who may be responsible for as a matter of priority. the town, as well as the utility companies, private A section of historic paving at The Cross

March 2010 46 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Signage Lighting Standard catalogue items should be avoided in favour of designs which echo (and re-interpret) Signage can be divided into the following Street lighting and mounting poles for CCTV local traditions and which complement their categories: street nameplates, pedestrian cameras are often fairly standard and appear setting. wayfinding, and traffic management signs. cluttered and intrusive on the main streets. Care should be taken that new street furniture The majority of street signs are relatively modern PRINCIPLES: New street lighting should reflect the does not create intrusive visual ‘clutter’. The plastic items, mounted on posts. The current style distinctive local character of local historic lamp impact of such items on views along the street and of street sign, though not overtly historic in its units: standard catalogue fixtures of the sort which on the setting of the Conservation Area and its materials, does not detract from the character of could be found anywhere in the country should be buildings should routinely be considered. An excess the Conservation Area. Nonetheless, care should discouraged. of commercial advertisement on street furniture – be taken that any future re-design of these items such as bus shelters – should be avoided. is similarly sympathetic to the prevailing character The size and scale of street lighting fixtures should of their setting and that standard items are not respond to the height of the surrounding buildings. uncritically applied. The location of signs should be Tall structures which tower above the street should Traffic calming carefully considered: where they can be mounted be discouraged, even if they are of ‘historic’ on walls without damaging the character or fabric appearance. Where possible, fittings should be Traffic calming features, such as speed cushions, of historic structures, this would be better than incorporated into the existing fabric, perhaps using can have a beneficial effect in reducing traffic free-standing units. wall mountings (subject to the appropriate speed and volume, but their design can often be to consents), but should be designed to avoid the detriment of a Conservation Area. PRINCIPLE: Where traffic management signs are damage to historic buildings as well as being necessary, they should be integrated into single appropriate in scale. PRINCIPLE: Any future traffic calming measures units or onto existing lamp posts, railings, or deemed necessary should be custom-designed to bollards where possible. Careful consideration respect the character and appearance of the should be given to an integrated strategy which Street furniture Conservation Area. Speed reductions, for example, avoids the use of unnecessary signs or street can often be achieved through the strategic markings where other, less intrusive measures Little historic street furniture exists in the town. deployment of surface materials. could be taken. The effective use of any future street furniture presents an opportunity to create a lively, ACTION: An integrated wayfinding policy should be attractive public realm. There could be changes to developed. Attention should be given to the public realm through potential future maintaining the wayfinding system so that it is up- redevelopment schemes and an good opportunity to-date, and to remedy any issues caused by exists to provide quality, innovative street 8.0Enhancement vandalism. furniture

Advertisements PRINCIPLES: The provision of benches, railings, litter bins, railings, bus shelters, and other Shop signs in Camborne Town Centre often detract essential items of street furniture should form part from the appearance of the conservation areas. of an integrated public realm strategy in which the The Council has a shopfronts design guide along design (form and colour scheme) of such items is with specific guide on the historical development co-ordinated with street lighting and paving. They and appearance of shops in Camborne. There is a should reflect the historic character and need for further guidance and planning policy on appearance of the Conservation Areas. Where advertisements necessary and possible, the Local Authority should encourage property owners to improve privately- PRINCIPLE: Provide stronger policy guidance on owned public spaces in a similar fashion. advertisements and provide further design guidance on signage and lighting. Public realm work at Cross Street

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 47 Planting and green space Significant trees: Urban Street trees are relatively urban tree planting scheme in Commercial sparse in the town centre but are found along Square. Boundary walls, hedges and trees have importance Wellington Road and Bassett Road. Existing street to the Conservation Area and provide a pleasant trees are mature and positioned and spaced in an • The backland areas and rear lanes of green backdrop. The Importance of greenery to adhoc manner but remain an important part of the Camborne to be recognised as an important backland areas and rear lanes is an attractive Conservation Area. There are limited opportunities aspect of the character and appearance of the feature which should be protected. to plant new trees on streets. Any future street conservation area, and their informal qualities tree planting would be subject to modern stan- enhanced, the trees and open spaces to be Trees and greenery are surprisingly significant in dards relating to proximity of utilities and risk of managed to enhance that character and the town but could be at risk in places as pressure damage to buildings. Most trees are also in pri- appearance. for development increases. vate ownership which could present future man- agement and preservation problems. ACTION: A full survey should be undertaken of Camborne Town Centre contains some significant existing trees and ornamental landscapes. The green areas including: In order to preserve the important contribution to Survey should include management proposals to character and appearance of the often large ensure that existing trees of the merit are Significant gardens: Of particular note are the gardens, grounds and historic plots within the maintained large suburban gardens of detached houses along Conservation Area, the retention of such spaces Pendarves Road, Bassett Road and Trevu Road, may require reductions in other standards, such as

the urban frontages or Trelwaney Road, and long parking, or a flexible approach to housing Views rear gardens of terraced housing from Centenary development densities.

Street To Carnarthen Street. (These linear Given the importance of views in Camborne, and gardens have historic interest in their intended PRINCIPLES: Improvements to the existing green the way so many streets focus on important function as vegetable allotments tied to housing). spaces within the Conservation Area should be buildings, there is a lack of awareness of the

encouraged. impact of standard fittings such as street lighting, Significant grounds: The Gladys Holman House security poles and road signs. Future lighting grounds, which are vestigial of the Rosewarne • Produce tree and planting management replacement could involve discreetly placed lights Estate, Lowenac Hotel, the Grange, Redbrooke, schemes; management plans and agree- on buildings, as opposed to lampposts, while Parc Bracket, Trevu House and the old grammar ments for the ornamental landscapes (Gladys subtle variations in finishes, styles and colour school on Trevu Road, the grounds of residential Holman House, Parc Bracket; Lowenac Hotel, could be used to give a locally distinctive style. nursing homes along Pendarves Road and the The Grange; Trevu; Redbrooke; Tregenna

enclosed graveyard to the rear of Centenary Villa; Camborne churchyard; Centenary The effectiveness of type and position of security Chapel. Chapel burial ground), based on a thorough 8.0 Enhancement 8.0Enhancement cameras could be reviewed, especially as smaller understanding of their individual models may become available in the future. Publicly accessible private owned areas: characteristics and their impact in the wider

Camborne Church and cemetery and the adjoining context, agreeing maintenance and There are a number of poor boundary treatments Spinney. There are no municipal owned spaces replanting schemes where required. and unsightly gaps within the town, especially at within the conservation area although Camborne • Investigate public-private partnerships to the interface between public and private space. Park is within walking distance. There is a distinct subsidise and manage planting for front Given the unique role of foundries, smithing and need to provide more pocket parks type public gardens etc. (schemes are currently engineering in Camborne’s history, a ‘railings spaces within the Conservation Area. operated by Cornwall Council under certain scheme’ to replace lost railings for both public land

regeneration programmes). and private buildings throughout the town would ACTION: Skills training and funding initiatives be a more than usually appropriate townscape • Street-tree planting schemes should be enhancement programme. should be investigated for the repair and retention investigated in a wider context with

of traditional boundary walls, gates and railings. appropriate species and detailing. Inspiration PRINCIPLE: The possibility of further architectural should be gained from the schemes that the lighting should be considered where this would Chamber of Commerce began in 1908 enhance night-time views. (Wellington Road) and the recent appropriate

March 2010 48 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Commercial Residential ACTION: The Local Planning Authority should protect and manage the significant strategic and Historical shopfronts to existing commercial units Any new housing in the Conservation Area should street views noted within the Conservation Area should be retained in line with the Camborne be of a high quality utilising local materials where Appraisal, and should include these views within Shopfront Guide. possible and be designed in a manner that reflects the Local Development Framework. New building, the character of historical buildings in the street furniture, and other developments should Camborne Shopfront Study 2004 is a separate Conservation Area. have regard to their impact on such views. English report which deals at length with the issues, Heritage’s Seeing the history in the view: a principles and policies to be adopted in relation to method for assessing heritage significance within PRINCIPLE: Proposals to provide residential shops, other commercial premises and shopfronts views should form the basis of such assessments. accommodation in the upper floors of historic within the Camborne Town Centre Conservation properties should be encouraged where Area. Traffic and movement possible. Such buildings may form a particularly attractive and cost-effective solution to the issue Traffic has had a significant effect on traffic and The widespread use of solid and perforated of affordable housing provision. Disused buildings movement and car use has put pressure on roads shutters on shopfronts is one of the most intrusive and those at risk should be considered for resi- which were not originally designed for motorised features in the town centre, and leads to a ‘fortress dential conversion. The development of vacant traffic. In many towns, one of the biggest threats environment’, attracting graffiti and becoming less sites in the town should encompass a mix of uses, to the quality of conservation areas is not the way attractive for shoppers. This in turn leads to including residential. in which buildings are treated, but rather the reduced opportunities for natural surveillance from negative effects of traffic and parking. The issue is passers by and the development of a ‘down-at- Uses to find the best balance between vehicles and the heel’ atmosphere. There is also the visual problem quality of the place that they serve. that shutter housings usually obscure existing The various gap sites identified in the Appraisal architectural features. Kerrier Shopfronts and within the town offer some scope to introduce new PRINCIPLE: Traffic management and parking Signs outlines the issues and some suggested uses or to expand Camborne’s retail and proposals should be devised to help enhance the remedies. commercial provision. Elsewhere, the introduction character of the town centre streets, This goal may of new uses should be integrated within the partly be achieved through the retention or Just as there are some parts of the Conservation existing building fabric and should take advantage reinstatement of historic surfacing materials and Area where low densities, limited infill and of the opportunities posed by the town’s historic layouts as a means of traffic calming. Alterations protection of open spaces are of primary building stock. should be undertaken carefully so that they do not importance, in other parts, the commercial core compromise the legibility of the historic built especially, greater than normal densities, environment: e.g. some separation between road conversion of properties to multiple use and 8.0Enhancement and pavement should be maintained. occupation and such initiatives as Living Over The Shop may be appropriate and could lead to significant enhancements. Review of policies, or at least a commitment to their flexible application, will be appropriate in some circumstances to achieve this, particularly in regard to standards (such as parking/bin storage/drying areas etc.) as set out in the policies.

Mature trees lining Pendarves Road

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 49 Gap/opportunity sites PRINCIPLE: The Local Planning Authority should Planning Policy Guidance 15, para. 4.17: where possible and practicable promote the redevelopment of gap and opportunity sites, and Many Conservation Areas include gap sites, or the enhancement/replacement of buildings buildings that make no positive contribution, or deemed in the Appraisal to make a negative indeed detract from the character and appearance contribution to the quality of the Conservation of the area: their replacement should be seen as Area in accordance with policies set out in the an opportunity to enhance the area. What is relevant Local Plan and in national planning important is not that new buildings should imitate guidance. earlier styles, but that they should be designed with respect for their context, as part of a larger The English Heritage/CABE document Building in whole which has a well established character of its context: new development in historic areas should own. be used as a particular guide to the appropriate approach. In this respect, designs should follow the principles for the character areas set out in the The Conservation Area Appraisal identified a Appraisal without necessarily being pastiche. They number of buildings which detract from the should reflect the historic urban grain, respect character and appearance of the Conservation important views, and should be inspired by the Area, as well as ‘gap’ and opportunity sites which proportions, massing and materials of surrounding could productively be redeveloped. These gaps are historic buildings. A high-quality, thoughtful often ‘tears’ in the fabric of the townscape, and to approach is needed: it is not enough simply to fill these would improve the sense of enclosure randomly apply historic details, or to use modern and quality of the townscape. stone facing panels separated by mastic expansion joints. There is also an opportunity for increased use (and possibly LOTS type schemes) of the interesting New developments should add to the variety and outbuildings, workshops and yards that are texture of the Conservation Area. important to the Conservation Area’s character.

Back Lanes, alleys etc. are unique streetscapes, 8.0 Enhancement 8.0Enhancement often an important aspect of the character and setting of principal streets, but also of exceptional importance in themselves; here buildings and informal streetscapes directly preserve historic layout and grain or archaeological sites, and sometimes contain amongst the oldest buildings in the Conservation Area, often with significant histories, textures and fabric of their own. Erosion or loss of these buildings could result in a similar poverty of townscape as already exists in some streetscapes where wholesale demolition has taken place.

March 2010 50 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Building maintenance ACTION: In residential areas, the Local Planning Authority should encourage residents to carry out The focus of Conservation Area measures is on collective maintenance of their properties and times of change – proposals to develop or alter common areas. A leaflet outlining possible buildings, or to change the landscape and collective DIY measures, including practical advice, planting. However, the quality of a Conservation would be an incentive for that line of action. Area depends as much on everyday care and maintenance: whether the footways are weeded, Guidance should also be produced on the benefits gutters and drains cleared; old notices removed of retaining original garden walls, gates and rail- and buildings repaired. People generally recognise ings as well as how best to facilitate sustainable the need to redecorate their houses or premises, drainage. The later is relevant to overpaving but they often feel less responsible for the public green garden areas and removal of garden walls. face of their buildings and the streets where they stand.

Although measures such as the THI grant scheme have been useful in addressing the question of maintenance and enhancement through targeted interventions to improve particular buildings, community action can also reap rich rewards, particularly in residential areas. Elsewhere in the country there are useful examples of grassroots schemes for street improvements, such as the DIY street projects managed by SUSTRANS. The aim is for individual building owners to look after their buildings and to help people to become involved.

PRINCIPLE: Within the centre, funding could be sought or allocated for an annual ‘spring clean’ to clear and mend gutters, remove unwanted posters, wires etc., and to alert owners to maintenance problems. 8.0Enhancement

The involvement of local community and trade organisations should be sought where possible. In other towns the local fire service has been deployed to help clear gutters as a joint PR exercise; this could be repeated to good effect in Camborne.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 51

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removing permitted development rights should rightspermitted be should removing development enforced. and implemented to review ACTION:Subject a policy, of resources consultation,4 Article further local and direction PRINCIPLES: The Local Planning ThePlanning Local Authorityshould PRINCIPLES: the sash ofbenefits outlining prepareleaflet a practical, refurbishment a as repairand window character-retaining sustainable and efficient, uPVCreplacements. to alternative of part are loft as required Whereskylights on these located rearbe conversions, should or and desig elevations, traditional of be side should Windows, gutters, and rooflightsgutters,and Windows, replacement ofthe such as works, Well-intentioned uPVCwith windows historic or degraded gutters can often character damagethe and items, – inthe Areawhilst Conservation a of appearance – environmentally term being longer Within existingConservation the unsustainable. sash windowsnumber good a Area, original of buildingsalthough commercial thereon survive case in the of beensome replacements have properties residential

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al features. However, replacement roof tiles and However,roof and features. tiles replacement damagedof character have the somewindows and soffits replacement other while properties, of resultedloss fabri have in historic the details essential,should replacementthis is If chimneys. terms as as in original possible closely the match colourform. style, material, and of rearSome resisted. be areas these should risk frontages propertiesare to at areas and curtilage parking. through look The Authorityshould Local PRINCIPLE: andat rear proposals demolish to walls carefully parking of creation and discouragethe outbuildings it Wheregardens. front possible areaswithin implementtowards newpolicies not streetshould which further wouldthe stimulate parking of loss gardens. front to review ACTION:Subject a policy, of resources consultation,4 Article further local and direction rightspermitted be should removing development enforced. and implemented Historic detailing architectural of selection historic remains good a Therestill a withinwith theAreas Conservation buildings rate architectural survival original of decent details (as architectural Historic PRINCIPLE: areretained. be Appraisal) to in the discussed windows (seealso include: sash These may detailing, elaboratestone slate below), porches, details,historic gable-end carved front hanging, doors Victorian on four/six-panelled walls, an doorscottages, to vertical-panelled properties, or notrendered painted be Stoneworkshould case. the is already where except this close a the with match Whereare replaced, roofs found.be should Generallythis materials existing fixingshould Metalclip slate. avoide be mean will and Blocked, should capped retained. be Chimneys from only detract the not removedchimneys can also Areabut Conservation the of appearance damp/ventilation internal to issues. lead oldest areaspropertiesarethe of often The back to buildingsandwholesale historic of changes part Apprais Area Conservation Camborne

8.0 Enhancement 52 PRINCIPLE: The local authority will ensure that Key Development Sites information on the historical significance of an area is readily available and easily accessible in order to An Urban Framework Plan for Camborne, Pool work with local communities. and Redruth 2001-2011 identified a number of site regeneration opportunities in the area and The Council will take steps to explain its planning potential to access EU funding. Site opportunities decisions where they are contrary to the advice of were consulted on and subsequently rationalised town and parish councils. through the CPIR Area Action Plan process in 2008 and 2009 which proposes a number of ACTION: The local authority will ensure that strategic site allocations in the area. planning and development briefs are produced for all major development schemes in Camborne In the Camborne area a significant site within the Conservation Area. Conservation Area is at Trevu Road (H3) near the rail station. The role of Historic Environment Champions There are also a small number of other potential English Heritage is keen to see Historic smaller redevelopment housing sites within the Environment and Design Champions promote Conservation Area which are not specifically conservation and design issues in each local identified in the AAP but which may come authority. These are preferably elected councilors, forward in the future. but can be senior officers. A further potential site of note within the PRINCIPLE: The local authority will continue to Conservation Area is the existing Bus Depot. support the roles of the Historic Environment and While it is not a proposed AAP allocation it may Design Champion and provide training be a potential key town centre redevelopment opportunities for them opportunity if a viable proposal was to emerge at some future point.

The EU Objective One funding programme ended in 2008 although opportunities remain through the Convergence Funding programme until 2013.

The public and private sector are involved in 8.0Enhancement bringing forward schemes in the wider Camborne area.

A heritage led approach should be central to any key redevelopment schemes within or adjacent to the Conservation Area. Clear guidance would be needed in relation to key sites for example the Bus Depot where the character differs significantly from the surrounding area.

Aerial view of Camborne

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 53 hgrant aid from theCamborne,

theOld Firestation, Trevenson Street (bottom), wit March 2010 importance of theof areas. importance of Maintain photographic area. library Action: Camborne, RoskearCamborne, Tuckingmill and Heritage Initiative(THI) Townscape run will 2008 in January The THIcommenced and 2013expiry a January of grant until with date 2011. traditional quality Thefunds scheme January targeted propertiesin each to repairshistoric Area. Conservation authority should The to local continue Action: andpromote THI. support the Photographic library of THIarchive part the As management, compiled and mapsareto being photographs process couldbe This future schemes. inform highlight historic THIto beyond the maintained the Work inWork progress at 8Trelowarren Street (top) and Roskearand Tuckingmill THI

he ine ine al information about the trading position of the position aboutthe the of trading information inter-relationships andthe their centers, threats showed The study future. opportunities for the and a amount significant 70%) (approximately that of from goods tradelost theto comparison towns is address needto shows urgent It the other centres. some trade claw back lost diversion and trade this share. market raise much and There also is shops intoresidential existing pressureconvert to which, affect if will implemented, accommodation, appearance and balancestreetscene. the of authority will The local t regularlyupdate Action: andaddress pursue to study schemes any retail problems. identified Town Centre Health Checks Health Centre Checks Town URC 2004 produced retail In a and Council the the Camborne forareathe Redruth and study Pool valuable base-l district. provided the restofThis Apprais Area Conservation Camborne

8.0 Enhancement 54 Archaeology and It cannot be assumed that all sites of archaeological potential in the town have already Historic Settlement been identified (for instance in the County Historic Environment Record), every part of the designated Conservation Area is likely to include important There are two principal aspects to the archaeological potential, both in terms of the archaeological potential of the Conservation Area. surviving built fabric, the layout of plots and Firstly, deposits around the church and market property boundaries and the street pattern, as well place may yield information about its possible as the below-ground archaeological evidence. The prehistoric origins, its suspected early Christian earlier settlement core (church town - market importance, and its evolution as a market centre, place) may have surprisingly complex and deeply all of which underpin the current morphology, stratified deposits. character and indeed appearance of the The importance of the historic and archaeological Conservation Area. character of the historic core (i.e. the Conservation Area) is already recognised by existing designations: A second strand of archaeological potential lies in the significant industrial remains that may clarify • the local list of towns and villages of historic the development of mining, and industrialisation origin (paragraphs 4.33-4.38 of the Local (especially engineering) in this area and the Plan) related urbanization of the town. Evidence may be available in the town’s archaeological record of all • target historic towns for CISI and CSUS phases of development from the earliest projects prehistoric exploitation, through medieval tin th • the whole historic town, as defined by the streaming to 19 century deep mining. 2002 CISI report is within the World Heritage Site nominated site for Camborne-Redruth as an historic industrial settlement

A medieval cross located at the Donald Thomas Centre, Chapel Street. 8.0 Enhancement 8.0Enhancement

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 55 or a counthouseon major ing manufacturing site inthe manufacturing ing nnot be underestimated. nnot underestimated. Thebe f Holman’s just f Cornish not to lands lands Foreof west Street nd in built fabric of houses/builtfabricof nd in h of railway) and Camborne and railway) of h y) y) former mining andearlier mining former archaeological potential potential archaeological for early of North Road. North of Trevithickdevelopment of and ownstorey. house/ The manager’s March 2010 mining sites inRosewarne in the mining development park; CamborneMinesofsite); (just nort at Vean (School southof and in east the railway), lane Veor(just proud lettering on the railway-side wall the on lettering railway-side its tells proud regardedbe theshould maj samea complex in as way Dolcoath). (e.g. mine buildingarchaeological fabric ofAlso and evidence Foundr (Burgess’ssites. (Station) &Sara’s foundry to foretc.) workshop/industrial related use walls traction. steam Holman’s no. surviv 3Nowmost works. important the Holman’s o conservationThe area. and in importance the town ca mining perhapsbut evenmore world mining, soto

outside the Area, Mostly thereConservation is but (a potential Road/Rosewarne;archaeological Tehidy Mine sites Mine Manufacturing specifically sites mining to related

or

al PRINCIPLE: The World Heritage Sites will Sites TheHeritage World a be PRINCIPLE: will consideration taken be into to material key determining andlisted in account planning applications. building settlement status and archaeology. There status andarchaeology. settlement are sites and forimplications individual further The complex the buildings types. Holman’s by site as industrial key is a named (WHS railway C3), andRosewarne Bracket areParc Policy and as with associated houses/gardens great indicated C6). (WHS industrialists Policy (including the Sites wholeof TheHeritage World Area) Conservation are material the a process planning spatial in and the consideration PPG15 in 2.2.2-3) to are referred (paragraphs description doesnot Site TheHeritage World ofdesignation n further sites, individual preclude suchsitesassume have thatbeen sofar doesall it sites andbuilding types which Specific identified. framework to wholeWHS the are importance of here.beenidentified have World HeritageWorld Site Implications Area Centre TheConservation CamborneTown core only(WHS the town occupies historic the of the C4), Cornish included within Mining Policy anddocument Sitenomination Heritage World has forplan. implications historic This management Apprais Area Conservation Camborne

8.0 Enhancement 56 Transport infrastructure, Turnpike: - linked industrial and mining centres as well as settlements; especially related to mining Roskear Road/Centenary Street/Trevenson Street all products of road & industry improvements and engineering. Trelowarren Street/College Street were new roads.

Railway: built initially as a mineral railway (Hayle Railway 1834-7), with branches serving local mines, this was one of earliest in Cornwall/Britain. In continuous use as mineral line as well as for passenger traffic (1841+). Sites include Station and crossing complex, smithy/office, goods shed (Magnet).

Industrial housing Mostly outside the Conservation Area, but some stretches are included – Vyvyan Street, upper Trelowarren Street, Victoria Street.

Iconic industrial community Century Chapel, Camborne Wesleyan, Methodist New Connexion, Bible buildings, Chapels (and Christian, Methodist Mission Room, Tehidy Road. attendant Sunday Schools)/ Trelowarren Street Anglican Mission (former Magistrates Court) – part of Institutes especially Anglican fight-back set deliberately amongst the working streets. Roman Catholic Church (a direct result of the large numbers of Irish workers brought in to work mines in mid 19th century). St John The Baptist Catholic Church, Trevu Road

Former Literary institute, Josiah Thomas Memorial hall (former Working Men’s Institute), Smith Institute.

Mine owners, managers and Gladys Holman House and grounds (Harris family); Parc Bracket house entrepreneurs and grounds (Arthur Woolf); Trevu house and grounds (Bickford Smith); Redbook house and grounds (Bickford Smith); Tregenna Villa (currently

outside Conservation Area – Holman). 8.0 Enhancement 8.0Enhancement

Other sites Camborne Community Centre – the former Basset/Tehidy Estate office from which one of the greatest industrial empires in Cornwall was run-

the symbol of the wealth and influence of both the industry and the family.

Burial Grounds. Both the parish churchyard and the Century Chapel burial ground contain numerous graves and monuments to anonymous miners, and to the great families. The Century burial ground in particular is full of monuments to some of the greatest names in Cornish industrial history.

Statue to Trevithick

Camborne Railway Station

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 57 9.0 Protection & Enforcement

This section considers how the character and Extensions to the Conservation Although these buildings have no statutory desig- appearance of the Conservation Area can be nation, their inclusion in a local list can be a ma- protected by statutory and local means. Area terial The Appraisal proposed that the Conservation Area consideration when determining planning Conservation Areas be extended into the commercial core, Camborne applications. In some cases, it may be appropriate Cross, Basset, Rosewarne and Trevu areas. to serve an Article 4 direction to remove permitted development rights & thus to secure the building. Conservation Areas are defined by Planning Policy ACTION: The Local Planning Authority should Guidance 15 as ‘areas of special or architectural extend the Conservation Area boundary as detailed The Conservation Area Appraisal identified a interest, the character or appearance of which it is above. number of significant but unlisted buildings. They desirable to preserve or enhance’. In this respect, have been chosen either as important local public the designation of conservation areas is intended buildings, or as being especially fine/intact 9.0 Protection & Enforcement & 9.0Protection to ensure that policy addresses ‘quality of Existing statutory designations examples which would merit careful handling. It is townscape in its broadest sense as well as the recommended that they are added to a local list. protection of individual buildings’. Factors such as The existing statutory designations within the the layout of boundaries and thoroughfares, ‘mix’ Conservation Area are detailed in the Conservation of uses, the appropriate scaling and detailing of Area Appraisal. Camborne has 34 listed contemporary buildings, and the quality of structures (to be renamed ‘Legacy Listed Buildings’ ACTION: The Local Planning Authority should advertisements, street furniture and shop fronts under proposed legislation) within its central core. develop and publicise a local list of buildings, using are therefore all important. Controls are also All are listed at Grade II. Such designations carry the list of buildings identified in the Conservation placed on the lopping and felling of trees, for which the requirement to secure Listed Building Consent Area Appraisal as a starting point. The local list notice to the local authority must be given by (the 2008 Bill proposes that this be renamed should be periodically reviewed. A local list should property owners. ‘Heritage Asset Consent’) for works, in addition to also be produced for significant gardens within the

planning permission. Conservation Area. Conservation Area consent is required for the total

or substantial demolition of any unlisted building in a conservation area, subject to various exceptions Locally-listed buildings Unlisted buildings related to the size of the building in question. The 2008 Heritage Protection Bill proposes that this Local Authorities have the power, through the Planning Policy Guidance 15 states that there consent be merged with planning permission. Local Planning Framework, to include buildings on should be a presumption in favour of the retention

a local list and to develop policies to protect these of unlisted buildings (whether locally-listed or not) The Kerrier Local Plan (Revised Deposit Draft with buildings from inappropriate change or that make a positive contribution to the character Summary of Pre- Inquiry Changes) also places development. Furthermore, the Heritage Protection or appearance of a Conservation Area, and advises restrictions on development within and close to the Bill requires local authorities to create a list of that any proposals that include the demolition of Conservation Area. significant local buildings as part of their Historic such buildings should be assessed against the

Environment Record, building on the existing same broad criteria as proposals for the demolition ACTION: In order for the principles in this Sites and Monuments Records. of a listed building. The quality of a replacement document to be enforced and implemented, the building may be taken into consideration in such Management Strategy should be linked to policies cases. in the emerging AAP and LDF adopted as a material consideration

March 2010 58 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Article 4 directions • To protect original garden walls, doors and windows, chimneys and prevent installation of A direction under Article 4 of the Town and solar panels Country Planning (General Permitted

Development) Order 1995 may be enacted to • To protect original doors, windows and preserve the character or appearance of the chimneys and prevent installation of solar conservation area, or part of it. In normal panels circumstances, small alterations of a kind that are

generally acceptable are automatically granted • To protect original garden walls, doors and planning permission, and are known as ‘permitted windows, chimneys and prevent installation of development’. However, such alterations – such solar panels as the replacement of windows or painting of a

stone elevation – can have unfortunate

consequences in the case of sensitive buildings or ACTION: Subject to a review of policy, resources areas. An Article 4 direction restricts the right of and further local consultation, the local authority landowners to carry out such works. It is not that should seek to enact Article 4 (2) directions for the development cannot be carried out, but that it will properties listed above, and should produce Guid- no longer be automatically permitted. ance Notes for the owners/residents/users of

these properties that outline the implications of It is tempting to propose a blanket Article 4 (2) North Parade the directions. Enforcement & 9.0Protection direction for all unlisted residential properties within the Conservation Area. Such directions, however, require additional resources on the part of the Local Planning Authority and so may be problematic to enforce. Some areas have already seen such alteration (in terms of replacement windows and indeed roof slates) that their overall appearance has been adversely affected. Article 4 (2) directions are therefore only recommended for a small number of streets that are exceptional examples of their type, are not currently protected, and which have a high public presence.

The following street sections are recommended for Article 4 (2) directions;

• To protect original shopfronts, recessed doorways, mosaic floors and curved oriel windows in upper floors

• To protect original shopfronts, recessed doorways and mosaic floors

• To protect original garden walls, doors and windows, chimneys and prevent Commercial Street installation of solar panels

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 59 Sustainability Fortunately, the most effective measures for Insulation in the roof is most effective as a reducing energy consumption are those that significant proportion of heat can be lost here (1/3 require least intervention in the fabric of the of central heating); ventilators may be required in Although the buildings in the Conservation Area are buildings and townscape, and often are not visible the eaves, to ensure that the loft does not become all exempt from Part L of the Building Regulations, from outside the building. For example, attic roof damp once it is insulated. every household and business occupying these insulation is the best way to reduce heat loss from buildings and Kerrier District Council has a moral a building but cannot be seen externally and so However, adding wall insulation, even internally, obligation to do as much as they can to reduce has no impact on the Conservation Area (except in can cause unacceptable dimensional changes and their energy consumption and carbon emissions to the rare instances that the roof line needs to be the loss of historic features. Insulation of external target climate change. This said, a balance must be altered to install it). However, the installation of walls is also unlikely to be appropriate on listed struck between measures to reduce energy use and photovoltaic cells and wind turbines on buildings buildings, and would need to be very carefully the need to preserve the character and appearance can potentially have an adverse impact on the designed to minimise the impact on the character of the Conservation Area. character and appearance of the Conservation and appearance of the Conservation Area when Area, and less interventionist measures to reduce proposed for unlisted buildings and is unlikely to Pre-1939 buildings are often ‘low-energy’ in their energy consumption should be implemented before be appropriate when the external walls are very nature, having being designed to make microrenewables are considered. Compounding unrendered stone. maximum use of daylight, to retain heat in winter this, micro-renewable energy generation is and to be cool in summer in an age where electric currently not very efficient and the production of Windows. There is a presumption in favour of the lighting and central heating were not widespread or photovoltaic cells for example is energy intensive; retention of original windows. Draught-proofing indeed invented. Often the sustainability of these renewable energy generation is substantially more windows and secondary glazing are very effective buildings can be enhanced by considering the ways effective at the macro level, with, for example, low-interventionist measures to reduce heat loss. 9.0 Protection & Enforcement & 9.0Protection in which they were intended to be used, ventilated large-scale off-shore wind farms. Reinstating internal wooden shutters where these and heated. Sash windows, for example, are have been lost can also be very effective. Many extremely effective ventilators when used as Insulation. There is potentially a conflict between windows in the Conservation Area have been originally conceived, with the upper and lower the need for an historic building to ‘breathe’ (to replaced with uPVC items, but although they halves opened to the same amount. prevent water particles from collecting, causing reduce energy loss, these windows are not damp and consequent decay) and the need for sustainable, because they: airtight buildings to prevent heat loss. • are not easily repairable and have a limited life span (usually less than 20 years);

• have a high embodied energy (this is the energy used in manufacture);

• create pollution during manufacture.

The Local Authority should encourage residents and businesses to replace uPVC windows with double-glazed replicas of the original window in wood, to the original proportions; potentially this could be facilitated with grants. Such replacements would have the additional benefit of improving the character and appearance of the Conservation Area. The authorities should also promote the refurbishment of existing sash windows where these remain, which may involve replacing damaged window cords, repairing stuck sashes, removing rot, and draughtproofing.

March 2010 60 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Materials. The materials used to construct new Transport. 27% of UK carbon emissions are from The local authority should promote walking, cycling buildings and repair or alter existing buildings can transport, and much of that from vehicular traffic. and the use of public transport over cars. Design of have a significant environmental impact. Cornwall Council should promote low carbon forms the public realm should give priority to pedestrians This partly relates to the embodied energy used in of transport, such as walking and cycling, and the and cyclists over vehicular traffic where their manufacture, but also to the energy used to use of public transport over cars. This should be appropriate, improve accessibility of public transport them – building materials are usually reflected in the design of the urban environment: transport. heavy so this can be energy intensive. Ideally pedestrians and cyclists should have priority over materials should be: vehicular traffic, and accessibility to public transport improved. Buildings at risk • locally sourced ACTION: Residents and businesses should be The Local Authority currently has a comprehensive • renewable, sustainable sources encouraged to adopt low intervention measures to register of Buildings at Risk, and the Conservation reduce energy consumption (e.g. roof insulation, Area Appraisal identified a number of buildings • low embodied energy thick curtains, low energy light bulbs, energy deemed to be particularly at risk. efficient boiler, secondary glazing) before being

• free from ozone-damaging chemicals or gases granted consent for more interventionist measures ACTION: The Local Planning Authority should (e.g. replacement windows, photovoltaic panels, continue its system of monitoring and reporting Frequently traditional materials, such as locally solar water heating, wind turbines). buildings at risk or in disrepair. Repairs to such sourced wood and stone, are the most sustainable. buildings should be undertaken as a matter of The manufacture of concrete releases carbon Guidance on the best measures to make historic priority and new uses found for them. dioxide. buildings more energy efficient and on Enforcement & 9.0Protection microrenewables should be distributed by Cornwall Renewable energy. As explained above, measures Council, for example via the website and when to improve the energy efficiency of buildings responding to planning applications. should be exhausted before renewable energy generation is considered. Micro-renewables are There is a presumption in favour of retaining expensive, are likely to be interventionist, and in original windows; they should be draught-proofed many cases are ineffective. Ground source heat or secondary glazed to improve energy efficiency pumps are unlikely to have an impact on the rather than replaced. character and appearance of the Conservation Area; although the potential impact on below- There is a presumption in favour of replacing uPVC ground archaeology should be considered. windows in historic buildings with double-glazed Photovoltaic cells, solar water heating, and wind wooden replicas of the original windows. Cornwall turbines are likely to have an impact on the Council should investigate the potential of character and appearance of the Conservation providing grants to facilitate such replacements. Area and should be designed to minimise this; for example photovoltaic cells and solar water heating There is a preference for building materials that are are likely to be more acceptable on south-facing locally sourced, from renewable, sustainable rear roofs than when visible from the street. sources, and manufactured with low embodied English Heritage guidance should be followed when energy and without releasing ozone-damaging installing micro-renewables in the Conservation gases. Area. Camborne Pool Redruth URC and Cornwall Council The impact on the setting of the Conservation Area should encourage businesses providing locally should be properly considered when determining sourced materials. The URC could assist in the the appropriate location for large-scale renewable reopening of local granite and slate quarries. The energy farms. Council could include publicity for local building materials when responding to planning applications. 42 Trelowarren Street

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 61 Repair notices / urgent works Landmark buildings and views notices / Section 215 notices Landmark buildings and structures are identified in the Conservation Area Appraisal. The key Where buildings degenerate to a significant landmarks are; degree, a number of powers exist for local Camborne Cross, Commercial Square and Market authorities to remedy the situation. The powers Square. include: The prevailing height of buildings in the town is • requiring the owner of the building in disrepair two-three storeys. Although it is unlikely that a to make it safe or demolish it under the terms town of Camborne’s size and status would be of the Building Act 1984 (a power which is subject to pressure for taller buildings, proposals modified for Conservation Areas so as to for buildings of even two-three storeys should be prevent the loss of significant buildings) considered carefully in terms of their impact on views. • repairs under Section 54 of the Listed Buildings Act to make a listed building (and, ACTION: New developments – even low-rise ones exceptionally, unlisted buildings in should be considered in terms of their impact on Conservation Areas) wind and watertight. views, in accordance with current English Heritage

guidance (Seeing the history in the view) View from Market Square 9.0 Protection & Enforcement & 9.0Protection • a Section 215 ‘Untidy Site’ notice can be served under the terms of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, requiring owners Reviewing development in the to improve the appearance of demolition sites Conservation Area and other untidy land. Such notices can be served on buildings, and so are useful for those which are ‘adversely affecting’ the The development control powers which are ‘amenity’ of its area. They can also be used available to the Local Planning Authority as a creatively on heritage sites: for example, to result of listed building and Conservation Area reinstate an original wall around a site rather designation are outlined in Section 2 and are than simply tidying the mess. expanded upon in Appendix One of this Management Strategy. The simplest, cheapest form of action in the first instance may be for property owners and the local ACTION: The Local Planning Authority should authority to work together to secure guidance for periodically review properties in the Conservation appropriately-qualified specialists. The pursuit of Area to note any works to listed and unlisted these matters by means of legislation can take a buildings which may have been made without the long time, sometimes years or decades. relevant consents. These might include the conversion of front yard areas for car parking, or ACTION: The local authority should consider re- the removal of boundaries (such as railings) which pair / notices / urgent works notices / Section 215 might be considered to be part of their curtilage. untidy site notices (as appropriate), where appropriate. Relevant sites for such notices should be discussed and agreed with the local Regeneration Group on an ongoing basis.

Market Square

March 2010 62 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 10.0 Implementation

The previous chapters have examined the Action Responsibility Priority Timescale measures required to enhance and protect the Conservation Areas. This short chapter summarises Evaluate the principles set out in this document Local authority High Within two years these measures and suggests an order of priorities. and adopt as local policy Due to the size and character of the Conservation Area, the division of responsibility in caring for it is Ensure that the principles set out in this Local authority High Within two years bound to be complex. However, this is a timely document are related to those in the AAP. moment to implement the proposals in this strat- egy, as they can be incorporated within the new Adopt the Management Strategy as Local authority High Within two years Local Development Framework and its associated material consideration documents. Application and monitoring of Article 4(2) Local authority High Within 12 months; Priorities have been devised as follows; directions to protect significant architectural ongoing High: urgent matters which require immediate and historic features; produce guide for monitoring attention (within two years) to prevent degradation affected properties. of the Conservation Area. Medium: items which would help protect, manage Add buildings identified in the Appraisal as Local authority High Within 12 months; being of local interest to a local list of ongoing or improve the character and appearance of the Conservation Area, to be undertaken within two– significant buildings. monitoring five years. Low: enhancement which would have a benefit, Extend the Conservation Area to include; Local authority High Within 12 months but not an immediate priority. Churchtown, Marketplace, Fore Street, the 10.0Implementation Commercial Core, Camborne Cross, the leafy Actions arising from this Management Strategy suburbs of Rosewarne and Trevu, as indicated in the appraisals. Adopting, monitoring and updating this Plan

This document has been subject to formal consultation with elected Members, public and Serve Repair Notices, Urgent Works, Untidy Local authority High Within 12 months; stakeholders and has been amended in light of Site Notices, where appropriate to agreed sites with input from ongoing comments made (see Statement of Community within the town. local partners monitoring Involvement). This document was not put to Kerrier District Council for adoption as the Produce a manual for streetscapes in historic Local authority Medium Within three years mechanism for adopting and making policy ceased areas of the town. with input from as the creation of the new unitary Council local partners approached. This document should be ratified and adopted by the Council. Inclusion and protection of views deemed Local authority Medium Within three years significant in the Appraisal within the Local Development Framework.

Monitor Buildings at Risk Local authority Ongoing Ongoing and local partners

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 63 Given that much of the management of Action Responsibility Priority Timescale Conservation Areas occurs through the land-use Monitor and enforce unauthorised changes to Local authority Ongoing Ongoing planning process it is appropriate for the listed buildings/changes to unlisted buildings and local Management Strategy to be ultimately adopted as which require permission by virtue of C.A. partners where a material consideration. designation. appropriate A new Cornwall Local Development Framework Develop integrated wayfinding policy. Local authority Medium Within three years team is working on a Core Strategy, bringing and local together previous saved and draft Local Plan and partners AAP work. It is recommended that the Carry out a full survey of existing tress and Local authority Medium Within three years Management Strategy element of this document, is ornamental landscapes. put forward for material consideration. The princi- ples in the Management Strategy would need to be New developments, even low rise, should be Local authority Ongoing Ongoing reviewed in line with policies in the adopted AAP considered in terms of this impact on views. and core strategy. A sustainability Appraisal will need to be produced and Statement of Community Involvement updated following a statutory period Maintain photographic library of area Local authority Medium Ongoing of public consultation.

Produce planning and development briefs for Local authority Medium Within 12 months It is important that the Management Plan is all major schemes in Conservation Areas. and local reviewed within five years of its adoption. This partners review should monitor and asses how many of the Production/publicisation of guidance literature Local authority Medium Within two years actions specified here have been achieved, or how on historic detailing, windows, local materials, and local they should be amended in the light of other community maintenance actions and partners events. The review process should be accompanied sustainability. by consultation workshops.

Residents and businesses should be Local authority Medium Ongoing encouraged to adopt low intervention measures 10.0Implementation to reduce energy consumption.

Annual community ‘tidy up’. Local partners Medium Within three years

Weeding and maintenance to pavements. Local authority Medium Within three years and local partners Regularly update retail study and pursue Local authority Medium Within three years schemes to address any identified problems. and local partners Continue to support THI Local authority High Ongoing and local partners

March 2010 64 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal

10.0 Implementation 65

Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Camborne he March 2010

extend the Conservation Area. Area. Conservation the extend 4to directions of application Article the architecturalsignificant and historic protect features. of significant of local list development a the buildings. deemed views of and protection inclusion the within Local Appraisal the in the significant Framework. Development BuildingsofRisk. monitoring at the Urgentof Works and UntidySite serving the become if any necessary. Notices,

2. Development control 2. and Development enforcement actions Cambornelineprotectionof for the The first developmentcontrol Arealiesby in Conservation Planning ThisLocal to Authority. relates the to andalterations unlisted listed demolitions newdevelopmentsin the changeuse, of buildings, Area, the Conservation otherworks affecting or and thefelling trees.T of streetscape, lopping • • • • • • mechanisms of Developmentof may Control be mechanisms with infollowing various ways, the strengthened an order being priorities: of development of a retail strategy which retail strategy a of development Camborne’son commercial capitalises historic way a attract as to nodal position roleand to town the centre. and custom visitors further strategywhichtourism a of development of the quality exceptional emphasises position,good its Camborne’snodal of within the the consideration creation, office business small flexible of area, central units of basis, ongoing assessment an on infor non-central proposals sites development commercial traffic/ possible their of terms theon core. historic Where impact possible, locatedbe should uses newretail/business area the its add to central to within soas diversity. economic within the location links,its World transport landscapean attractive Siteand Heritage andnot builtleast historic its generally, environment. 1. thinking Strategic a issue,of much is strategic Plan this Underlying the future Attention role namely Camborne. of a of toas devoted question matter be should this other the andwith in parallel actions priority thehas below. beendiscussedsummarised It in inencompassesfollowing the actions, and chapter local authoritytake should the which the lead: • • • • ‘Uses’ and ‘Tourism’ sections of the of Enhancement ‘Tourism’sections ‘Uses’and d in in al al be

Seeabove for the Developmentwithin or affecting Thebuild- of proper maintenance 4. Ongoing general actions 4. Ongoing general Maintenance. other cruci streetmaterials, and is features ings, to the long-term care Area. long-term Conservation the to the of under summarised beheadings: four area can This – urgent maintenance. Buildings bewhere cases is may servedwork ordersin which required buildings. protect to urgently –maintenance general commercial Buildings: town from etc posters wires, unwanted Removalof repair reinstatement and of centrebuildings, drainpipes,clearing, painting, gutter missing ledges/ofwindowsills pigeon-proofing where necessary. –maintenance general residential Buildings: be other advice should literature and Guidance promotemaintenancecollective to used cleans’ ‘spring neighbourhood surfaces Street paving materials the of feature are key Historic a provision special Area, Conservation forwhich street regular of as made bepart to needs Authority ThePlanning Local maintenance. and should offer guidanceappropriate as should use New powersits ofthe maximum under make works inspect Streetworks to Act by Roadsand financial apply and companiesto utility penalties replacement. inadequate of cases building. New be Areashould of Conservation setting the the local an down laid the in reviewedcriteria against will ensure planning to policy not it national that the to area’sor character appearance. detrimental

This This . The need . for an . The Local . Authority

March 2010 Review installation of control boxes, bus bus boxes, Review control of installation avoid to etc shelters and streetclutter design/location inappropriate/insensitive the lightingto possibilityfeature of Investigate buildings. historic principle andlighting: provision Reviewstreetfurniture windows,roof- guidanceto relating Design etc, guttering, in gabledoors,ends, lights, areas. residential ownersto the propertiessubject of to Advice 4 directions. Article and parking management traffic Devise characterwill which the proposals enhance appearancecentrewithout streets town of and the essential provisionof compromising parking. on-street withlaid conjunction under points down In the routeways realm, enhance pedestrian public Conservation the Area. andthrough to leading should review the options andreviewoptionsshould the seek should newasuses matter a ofappropriate forsites these priority. movement and Traffic opportunityGapand sites • • • • Productionadvice.and ofguidance document certainidentified specific has strategy guidanceof literature areaswhere production the beneficial:be would • • • • Street furniture and lighting and Streetfurniture strategy beendiscussed. Key has integrated order are: in enhancements, priority, of al . A A number. of

Instigate proceduresmaintenance forof the Instigate street signs. historic signage rationaliseandReview traffic and town possibly in the centre, markings with surface publicrealm/street combined minimise to needfor signage the changes clutter. wayfinding rationaliseReview pedestrian and system

projects have been proposed for action by the been have the projects proposedforby action Authority. Local Signage 3. Enhancement actions theof enhancement forConservation the Proposals Strategy. 8this of in Chapter out Areawere set theseofin a addressed be should Many within way next but three the years, co-ordinated ongoing These an thereafter. on basis also arranged be intogroups follows: can as proposals and realm space Public green • • • Apprais Area Conservation Camborne

10.0 Implementation 66

10.0 Implementation 67

Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Camborne March 2010 Opportunities to carry to worksenhancement out Opportunities application215 Section of the through Untidy Therenotices. are Site forprecedents the reinstate theseto of use creative notices asto way wallsaround a improvesites historic whilst long term appearance also having their benefits. heritage • •

he developer funding through Section 106Section through developer funding Thereare well-established agreements. contributions such of use forprecedents the are which not directly forimprovements relevant the to or related adjacent may proveHowever, difficult it development. source this specific to direct funding of to areas where works in there is enhancement pressure little relatively for development. or residential Ownerscommercial of additionownfunds, may their in to properties, forfor grantsor improvements eligible be from Heritage e.g. the repairs, Architectural Fund. and agencies government trusts Charitable

the Conservation Area can be a shared shared Area a be Conservation the can andenhancement Its management responsibility. frompeople, businesses, needinput local will & Regeneration the Forum, CamborneTown Council and Convergence Authority EU funding. Local caring burdenprincipal in However, the inevitably not Authority, upon thefalls Planning Local forit itby theof placed upon because obligations least legislation. Itessential planning is t the that adequateresources it commits enable to authority responsibilities. Therepowers exerciseand to its needfor additionala has beennoted, as be, will next five into the years, especially resourcing, Plan. the of recommendations the carryout InitiativeTownscape recent Heritage years, In administered Lottery Heritage by grants, the Fund, for valuable beena source finance have of THI projects.Areaenhancement A Conservation having is inalready effects positive grant could sourcesfinance of Otherpossible Camborne. include: Funding resourcing and the extentwhichsection to indicates Thepreceding • • • 11.0 Bibliography

Historic Sources Local Authority Reports National Policy Documents

The principal sources for the historical analysis Kerrier District Council, Local Plan: revised deposit CABE/Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, Paving contained in this report have been: draft (2004) the Way (2002)

The Cahill Partnership and Cornwall Archaeological Cornwall County Council, Cornwall Structure Plan CABE/English Heritage, Building in context: new Unit, Cornwall Industrial Settlements Initiative. (2004) development in historic areas (2001) Camborne (April 2002) Cornwall County Council, The Cornish Building English Heritage, Streets for All: South West The Cahill Partnership, Camborne Shop Front Stone and Slate Guide (2007) (2001) Study (October 2004) Cornwall and West Devon Landscape Mining English Heritage, Guidance on Conservation Area Nikolaus Pevsner and E. Radcliffe, The Buildings of Partnership, Cornwall and West Devon Mining Appraisals (2005) England: Cornwall (Harmondsworth, 1970) Landscape World Heritage Site Management Plan, 2005-2010 (2005) English Heritage, Guidance on the management of John C.C. Probert, Worship and devotion of Cornish Conservation Areas (2006) Methodism (1978) English Heritage, Conservation Principles: Policies Cornwall Council Historic Environmental Service and guidance for the sustainable management of (Kate Newell), Cornwall & Scilly Urban Survey, the historic environment (2008) Historic Characterisation for Regeneration—

11.0 Bibliography 11.0Bibliography Camborne (June 2004) Planning Policy Guidance 15: Planning and the historic environment (1994) Cornwall County Council, Camborne, Pool & Redruth, Historic Characterisation for Regeneration Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology (1990) (June 2005).

Discover Camborne Town Trail

Camborne Town Guide

March 2010 68 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Appendix 1 Statement of community involvement

In order to create a robust document and gain A consultation event was held on 23rd February Subsequently an open session provided a chance consensus amongst interested stakeholders and 2009. The draft reports were available for public for people from the local communities to see the members of the local public, a rigorous consultation download on Kerrier District Council’s website from summary poster boards and the report. This process has been undertaken. Prior to the 23rd February 2009 to the 13th March 2009, provided useful local input and highlighted key production of this document, the consultant team together with a questionnaire. The consultation issues including particular concerns with traffic and met with stakeholders to gain their input into the event for stakeholders was introduced and a certain historic buildings in the town. Feedback project. More specifically, we asked stakeholders to walkabout to highlight key issues took place, forms were handed out. provide us with their local knowledge of the followed by much productive discussion. An elements that make Camborne unique, and what interesting discussion took place which was a This feedback has been carefully registered and they feel will best lead to the preservation and chance to capture concerns and comments, and each comment or issue responded to by Kerrier enhancement of Camborne. feedback forms also circulated for more detailed District Council, prior to the change to the unitary responses and technical comments. Attendees authority in April 2009. included local councillors, officers of Kerrier District Council, and local organisations. Amongst the issues treated to vigorous discussion were possible extensions to the Conservation Area, traffic and parking, and open space in/around the village. Appendix 1 Appendix

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 69 Stakeholder Responses from workshop held 23rd February at Wesley Chapel, Camborne

Respondent Comments Answers Nola O’Donnell, Landscape Archi- Public Realm - Landscape

tect, KDC These sections are rather weak and there is inadequate mention of the significance of trees. This should be given much greater promi- nence and should highlight the spatial quality of public realm for ex- ample, Commercial Square and its historic fountain. This was always Text added to Appraisal a public focus and has been enhanced in a way which reclaimed it back from vehicles and parking and makes it more useable and much needed civic space. A quality it had before the advent of the motor car. On page 45 it is claimed that public realm schemes such as the Commercial Square break up the townscape and limit access. This should be carefully qualified. The spaces are positive and valuable and visually form a continuum. Only vehicle access is limited. Previ- ously this space was clogged with parked cars. It is really ‘strength’ not a ‘threat’.

Not sure of meaning of ‘polite’ as a physical description. This is not a usual descriptive term. What exactly does it mean?

Significant gardens and private grounds have not been sufficiently highlighted. These should be local listed and described as an evi- dence base to ensure protection. The most important gardenscapes are the large suburban gardens of detached houses along Pendarves Road, Bassett Road and Trevu Road, the urban frontages Trelawney Road, and rear long gardens of terrace housing from Centenary Street to Carnarthen Street. These linear gardens are of particular historic interest for their intended function as vegetable allotments tied to housing. Private gardens and grounds are vulnerable to de- struction through development as government housing policy is geared toward increasing density and this has resulted in so called Text added to Appraisal ‘garden grabbing’. Every effort should be made to retain and protect such spaces from loss as they are essential to the verdant quality of the townscape. If possible measures should be put in place to target significant gardens under threat as suitable for preservation through public acquisition for conversion as public spaces.

Appendix 1 Appendix Significant grounds include the Gladys Holmen House grounds which are vestigial of the Rosewarne Estate, Lowenac Hotel, The Grange ,Redrbrooke, Parc Bracket, Trevu House and the old grammar school on Trevu Road, the grounds of residential nursing homes along Pendarves Road and the enclosed graveyard to the rear of the Centenary Chapel. This is of particular value because of its seclusion and tranquil quality.

March 2010 70 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Stakeholder Responses from workshop held 23rd February at Wesley Chapel, Camborne

Respondent Comments Answers Nola O’Donnell, Landscape Archi- Publicly accessible privately owned areas include Camborne church- tect, KDC yard and cemetery and the adjoining Spinney. There are no municipal owned spaces within the conservation area though Camborne Park is within walking distance. There is a distinct need to provide more pocket park type public spaces within the conservation area.

Significant trees are to be found in the aforementioned gardens and grounds both public and private. They are of particular importance as they confer the prime quality value to leafy suburbs. Urban street trees are relatively sparse in Camborne but are found along Welling- ton Road and Basset Road. The existing street trees are in maturity and are rather ad hoc in their positions and spacing yet still provide Text added to Appraisal an important feature. There is little scope for adding tree to streets but this should not be seen as a negative as tree lined streets are not a significant part of the traditional urban structure of Camborne. Any future street tree planting would be subject to modern standards related to proximity of utilities and risk of damage to buildings. Most trees are in private ownership and this may present a problem for their management and preservation as a deliverable objective unless supported by grants.

There is a clear need for a comprehensive audit of significant trees Tree Survey included in Management within the Conservation area and it is recommended that a full Strategy inventory be compiled as a management tool and to inform on any future enhancement projects. Every effort should be taken to retain significant trees where practicable and there needs to be an assessment on potential mechanisms to aid their retention and management. Their asset worth also needs to be formally documented as part of this process.

Residential frontage and gardens – potential loss of amenity Article 4 (2) directions proposed to Front gardens and associated walls are subject to threat of destruc- include garden walls

tion from the desire to provide services area and parking along 1 Appendix residential roads. It is recommended that significant front garden walls and gate posts be covered by Article 4 directions particularly along College Street , Basset Street, Wellington Road, Trelawney Road and Tehidy Road. Loss of front gardens also contributed to surface water runoff and could potentially increase risk of localised flooding. The desire for householders to pave over their gardens should be restricted or moderated to ensure that surfaces used allow for sustainable drainage through infiltration / percolation.

Proposed extensions to the boundary of the Conservation Area. The extensions as shown are supported.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 71 Public responses to Questionnaire and Feedback Form

Question Respondent Comments Answers 1 What are Camborne’s strengths? Flat. Well kept old buildings. Good public transport links, close to A30. Space – not closely packed. Bene- fits from recent investment. Cleaning pavement. Doors important. 2 Small ex-mining market town. Some nice shop fronts. Good community groups/conservation bod- ies. Good railway station/bus station. 3 Good geographical position. Town is flat. Well served by public transport. Rich industrial heritage.

4 Beautiful buildings

5 Gardens. Granite. Large buildings. Wide roads.

6 Sporting aspects of community rugby, cricket & leisure

centre.

7 Rail and bus stations. Good local shops. Camborne’s

bands. Good food outlets.

8 Good town. Rugby connection. The Square.

9 Many old buildings have been well kept. Mainly level walking making the town accessible on foot. Recent THI & public realms investment. Good public transport links. 10 Appendix 1 Appendix The feel of strength when you’re at the bottom of the

hill. The lane/road network. Connection with the mine.

11 Being a central location for bus travel to Truro, Fal-

mouth and Penzance

12 Kerrier District Council. Schools.

March 2010 78 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Stakeholder Responses from workshop held 23rd February at Wesley Chapel, Camborne

Respondent Comments Answers Phil Coplestone – Historic Environ- Thank you for sending us the draft Camborne Conservation Area and

ment, CCC Tuckingmill & Roskear Conservation Area appraisals for our comments.

We have now had a look through these and we are pleased to see the need for extensions to the Conservation Areas has been recognised, as is the archaeological and World Heritage Site significance. These should prove useful documents in the protection of the historic heritage of the Camborne, Tuckingmill and Roskear areas. Simon Ramsden, English Heritage Thank you for emailing copies of the initial drafts of both the Cam- borne Town Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and the Tuckingmill & Roskear Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Strategy (although their titles are slightly different, they both appear to include Management Strategies?).

Both these documents appear to be wide ranging and well researched. They contain many (if not all) of the elements one would expect to find in such documents, and they are to be commended. The commitment to reviewing, and revising, these documents on a regular basis is also to be applauded. As you no doubt recognise, these are important tools in the dynamic management of the historic environment, rather than static, paper-exercises; one would hope that this is sufficiently well recognised to enable sufficient funds to be devoted to, not just the future review of these documents but also, the support of the recommendations contained in the management strategies.

Whilst we do not possess your intimate, local knowledge of these conservation areas, we would offer the following general comments, mostly on format.

Amend Appraisals Where historical maps are included (especially at different scales) it can be useful to indicate the proposed conservation area boundaries,

Appendix 1 Appendix to help orientation. Reword The section on p21 of the Camborne Town Centre CA relating to Holman Bros appears to require some editing to improve readability.

The definition of the different grades of listed buildings (p 26, Add key to map Camborne Town Centre CA) may require some reconsideration. The map on p27 does not appear to have a key and it is unclear what the dotted lines indicate (extensions to the CA, as indicated later in the document).

March 2010 72 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Stakeholder Responses from workshop held 23rd February at Wesley Chapel, Camborne

Respondent Comments Answers Simon Ramsden, English Heritage As with other maps, for certainty, it may be worth indicating those buildings which are considered to contribute positively to the CA, Amend maps rather than listed, potentially locally listed buildings, and those buildings which are negative features.

The numbered key views in maps (e.g. Camborne Town Centre CA) do not appear to be reflected in the text. On p.29 Camborne Town Add to text Centre CA, there appear to be some repetition between columns two and three.

With regards to the management and enhancement strategies, we would recommend that consideration be given to regular liaison and Add to text defined working with different council departments (e.g. highway, refuse, etc) to contribute to specific schemes. The council (either as districts or as a unitary) has significant abilities to implement improvements to CAs, other than just through its statutory planning responsibilities.

The use of a photographic record of buildings is recommended (e.g. p 52, Camborne Town Centre CA) as a useful tool to measure the effectiveness of any management strategies, as well as to aid any potential enforcement cases.

References to the 2008 Heritage Protection Bill (Protection and Enforcement) may need to be re-edited in light of the unfortunate delay to the Bill.

Section 10: Implementation. We would recommend that any known, or suspected, infringements of planning legislation be investigated and, if appropriate, pursued.

Tuckingmill & Roskear CA: in the contents Section 7 appears as Appendix 1 Appendix Enhancements, however, this is incorrect. In the introduction there is no useful summary of the previous history of designations and amendments to the CA. It might also help to define Article 4 Directions, for those not fully conversant with this management mechanism.

I hope these comments are of some use, and will help to refine what are already highly commendable appraisals and management strategies

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 73 Stakeholder Responses from workshop held 23rd February at Wesley Chapel, Camborne

Respondent Comments Answers Tim Kellet, Urban Designer, CPR REGENERATION CONTEXT Regeneration The URC does not have £150 to invest! This is a total Amend text misrepresentation of the funding partnership roles which should be clearly known by the Council since it is a funding and founding partner of the URC.

The Princes Foundation does not work in co-operation with the URC.

The URC developed regeneration strategies and working with both private and public sector partners has enabled a number of projects from the UFP to be developed in this area.

ENHANCEMENT PUBLIC REALM

This does not refer to the standards tested and applied in the Public Amend text Realm Scheme which should be considered as an established standard to replicate in new schemes.

THREATS Commercial square seems to be implying public realm schemes can Amend text be a threat. That wont go down too well with the town and councillors. That particular scheme undertaken several years ago has been modified in the current public realm project to open it up to the street beyond.

Remove reference to Pool as an “out of town” development. Camborne is hardly marginalised in the conurbation – it is the strongest element, in terms of population, retail etc.

Appendix 1 Appendix KEY DEVELOPMENT SITES

This is out of date and mis-represents funders/delivery agencies. Amend text The Objective 1 funding programme has ended so it is no longer worth referring to EU funding identified in the Urban Framework Plan. The current convergence programme is different with different priorities and targeted projects. Other private and public sector teams are bringing forward these sites.

March 2010 74 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Stakeholder Responses from workshop held 23rd February at Wesley Chapel, Camborne

Respondent Comments Answers Tim Kellet, Urban Designer, CPR It should be noted that the proposed extension includes the key Regeneration development site at the Bus Depot. Too many constraints placed on Amend text the bus depot site by inclusion in the CA may make this marginal development opportunity even more unviable. This will lose opportunities for considerable enhancement opportunities in the centre of the town. It is a threat if not managed well An extension to the CA here really should be accompanied by some very clear guidelines. The Bus depot site is not part of the workers housing, it is distinctly different in character and would not justify inclusion on its own. For the sake of future opportunities any recommendation to include must include some clear directions to reflect this and take a more flexible approach to allow a viable redevelopment.

The last para refers to ‘the Masterplan’ - there is no masterplan – the nearest is for Dolcoath. Appendix 1 Appendix

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 75 Public responses to Questionnaire and Feedback Form

Question Respondent Comments Answers 1 Please list those things you feel are Ref to granite. Sympathetic extensions. Wide roads distinctive or special about Camborne and spacious pavement.

2 Close knit, Cornish community. Area of high historical interest. Good community values. 3 Community spirit. It’s history. It’s position. 4 Trevithick statue. The two Methodist Chapels. Market Square.

5 Granite. Large buildings. Wide roads. Big gardens.

6 Flat shopping area. Easy access to A30. Good shopping outlets. Access to council offices.

7 Poor state of roads e.g. Centenary Street. Rubbish strewn streets. Close to A30

8 Centeneray Chapel at the top of Trelowarren Street. Library building and hall. Introduction of flower beds and hanging baskets. Flat.

9 Many well designed buildings. Wide roads/paved

areas/long gardens. Some good shop fronts. Good use of granite. Mining and engineering. 10 The miners houses in straight rows. The river in

Chapel Street (opposite Warriors). The building opposite old bakers shop the face of it. 11

Appendix 1 Appendix Victorian Architecture which many towns have.

12 Old market house building and town clock. Passmore

Edwards free library. Richard Trevithick statue. The literary institute (Donald Thomas building). Magistrates Court & Town Council. Camborne Parish Church. Wesley Methodist Chapel. All the distinctive public houses, Tyacks Hotel, The banks, The Art Deco King’s Cinema now a bingo hall. Many other beautiful large 19th Century houses.

March 2010 76 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Public responses to Questionnaire and Feedback Form

Question Respondent Comments Answers 1 Cross from railway. Corn Exchange. Centenery Please tell us which views of Camborne Chapel. From men an Darva. Carn Entral. you enjoy most 2 Pendarves/Menasek Woods

3 Looking down through the main street and seeing Cen-

tenery Chapel at the top. 4 Library and statue. Many beautiful but neglected

buildings. 5 From station to the cross

6 From Camborne to Kehelland & Pendarves

7 Close shopping area. Central parking

8 Looking up towards Centenery Chapel when lit at

night. College Street to Commercial Square. 9 Basset Street

10 Looking up towards Church from the bottom of the hill

towards Camborne. Looking over the top of it from Dudnance Lane. 11 The view from my own bungalow window in Church

View Road 12 Looking up Trelowarren Street to Centenery Methodist

Chapel. Appendix 1 Appendix

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 77 Public responses to Questionnaire and Feedback Form

Question Respondent Comments Answers 1 What are the worst aspects of the Con- Pavements. Car parking. UPVC & satellite dishes. servation Area? Chippings. Argos & building next to it. 2 Destruction of historic fabric. Poor car access/lorry THI grant scheme progressing. impact. Over building. Lack of green spaces. Guidance leaflets needed.

3 Very poor state of many buildings. Weeds and lit- Need for regular ‘clean up’ ter. Lack of thought in planning.

4 Tuckingmill (visitor’s fist views) and Trevu Road and surrounds.

5 Pavements are unclean – too absorbent new gran- Article 4 (2) directions for ite. Car parking. Gardens behind being taken away. boundary and garden walls Plastic windows, satellite dishes, flat roofs, grey granite chippings. 6 Yearly increases of rubbish strewn streets. Derelict Maintenance/Management

buildings with no immediate plans – all talk and no Initiatives needed action. 7 Derelict buildings, roads, parking on pavements, Pursue THI and convergence roads not marked up, the reported stealing of gran- funding options ite slabs. 8 Doesn’t cover enough of the town housing.

9 UPVC windows/doors. Well established garden walls Guidance leaflets, Article 4

removed. Spar/pebble/granite chipping wall coverings. directions Car parking in gardens/on pavements. 10 Derelict buildings. Pendarves Street – just some- Pursue THI and convergence

thing to use to get from redruth to Camborne. Dirty Initiatives 1 Appendix road grime. Nothing to say it’s a Conservation Area.

11 Saving old factory buildings THI

12 Former Madam Norman studio, Basset Road. Gas Assess and investigate Street. solutions

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 79 Public responses to Questionnaire and Feedback Form

Question Respondent Comments Answers 1 Protect old building/old features. Litter fee – street Guidance leaflets. What aspects of the Conservation Area cleaning/speak to shop owners. Signage – Cornish Management solutions most need protecting or improving? signs. Trees. Gates 2 Historic buildings and points of interest, green areas

and remaining trees.

3 The area needs cleaning. Co-operation and co- Agree ordination required.

4 Tuckingmill and Trevu Road.

5 Old buildings – features. Gateways, metal work, gran- THI ite features. Gardens. Boundary walls. Trees. Bi-lingual signs on buildings & walls. Camborne Street Works manual. Shop signs and fonts. Architectural lighting. Doors, windows, roofs and dwellings. Gardens.

6 All – not just the futile work done around mine stacks.

7 Protect what has been done (pavements)

8 Extend to include the town (period) housing.

9 Granite facings/wood doors and windows. Gardens.

Wind blown litter from supermarkets. Appendix 1 Appendix 10 Tidy up the buildings around the Cross Roads. Some Initiatives ongoing

11 Any green spaces gardens etc.

12 All those listed in question 1. Gas Street, rears of

premises.

March 2010 80 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Public responses to Questionnaire and Feedback Form

Question Respondent Comments Answers 2 Yes, if it maintains historic character, preserving green Do you agree with the introduction of Ar- spaces and gardens. ticle 4 directions which would require planning permission to be sought for changes that affect historic features? 3 What is Article 4? Have not had sight of it.

4 Yes definitely

8 Only when totally necessary. There are so many al- Also need for guidance on terations made to windows etc then it doesn’t seem to thermal improvements be any point to introduce Article 4 Directions in some places. If an old building was being redeveloped then perhaps yes. 9 Yes

10 Only as a last resort e.g. if a building was to be rede-

veloped.

11 Yes, permission should be sought.

12 Yes.

Appendix 1 Appendix

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 81 Public responses to Questionnaire and Feedback Form

Question Respondent Comments Answers 2 Pengegon/Dolcoath/Roskear Should any other areas of Camborne be Pendarves/Treswithian is becoming important amenity included in the Conservation Area? value for Camborne 3 There is enough to deal with within this area.

4 May need tidying up

5 Always more possibilities but consider North Parade Area.

6 If cannot deal with the area around Camborne, what hope?

7 No. I cannot live that long.

8 Only what’s proposed.

9 Yes

10 None other than what’s been proposed as extensions.

Appendix 1 Appendix 12 Killivose? Many mature trees, one very old sweet Assess chesnut which is marked in the 1881 first edition ord- nance survey map. Site of old Kellyvose Copper and tin mine.

March 2010 82 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Public responses to Questionnaire and Feedback Form

Question Respondent Comments Answers 2 Sustainable trust/Celtic Heritage trust Any other comments?

3 This form is not ideal for people to fill in.

6 What about the inspiration and injection of pride for THI grants and other similar young people when all they see by conservation is Educational Initiatives with local dereliction by keeping of old buildings which are falling schools and colleges down since the last war 1939 – 1945. By all means keep pavements in good condition but lets have some accessibility for all the EU grants supposedly spent in the area.

Mebyon Kernow were accurate when they said that the grants were primarily being spent on wages bill.

7 Get a move on! Trevu Road, planned to be on site Trevu Road now started on site Autumn 2005 and completed 2007. Tuckingmill Ur- ban Village completed by Winter 2008. Retail devel- opment bus station site completed Spring 2008. Compare Holman site/Dolcoath completed Winter 2008. All being done dreckly

12 Trevithick Day is especially unique, well organised and enjoyable.

Strongly object to more proposed building on

Greenfield sites at the end of Killivose Road. 1 Appendix Brownfield sites should be used.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 83 Appendix 2. Justification for the core would not exist without the residential Extensions to Conservation Areas. streets – the rows of cottages would not stand alone without the shops, church, chapels and pubs

of the centre. Strictly speaking this is a single The Local Authority has a statutory duty to review place, contemporary, integrally linked, part of a its conservation areas and determine if any other single historical and developmental process; it is areas merit designation hard to completely justify their separation.

Camborne Town Centre Conservation Area A second, separate, issue is the extension of the encompasses a diverse urban core; this is not a current conservation area, not to include the large ancient site re-developed over time, nor is it residential streets per se, but to consolidate an old village surrounded by modern housing. Of boundaries and include the full extent of each of course, ‘urban elements’ - shops, pubs, chapels the character areas within the conservation area, and schools - can also be found mixed in with the recognising their true extent, which is not always more purely residential streets, as can the reflected in the current boundaries. These remnants of the great industrial enterprises that boundaries in their current form are not defensible created Camborne – this is particularly true of and may be subject to challenge in a public arena, Centenary Street/Trevenson Street. The current because they seem sometimes arbitrarily to cut conservation area creates something of an artificial character areas in half, or else to include building distinction between the town centre and the rest of types and townscape features in some areas, and the historic settlement, and should perhaps be to exclude exactly similar examples elsewhere considered as the first stage in reviewing (e.g. large house and grounds). designations and policies for the whole of this unique, distinctive historic settlement. The central area, the conservation area, has grown at every The proposed alterations are for the most part in stage in response to the growth of the town the rather amorphous outer edges of the around it; the core makes sense only in as much townscape, where boundaries can be surprisingly as it is related to the whole historic town. difficult to place; but fuller consideration of the current Conservation Area has suggested the following amendments. The amendments proposed This has implications for the extension of the are set out in the following table (with conservation area. There are two aspects. Firstly is justifications). the question of those mainly residential historic streets around the core area – the grid of workers’ cottages. In an historical sense and in terms of townscape they are, in the Cornish context,

Appendix 2 Appendix perhaps even more distinctive, well-known, unique and special than the existing conservation area, and are fully deserving of designation in their own right.

A separate designation has some logic given the distinct characteristics between the core and the grid of streets. However, an alternative approach suggests that the present conservation area makes little sense standing apart from the context of the industrial town which created it; these are not distinct areas in terms of history or development

March 2010 84 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Amendment Justification

Churchtown/Market Place/Fore Street College Street One of oldest of all the ‘industrial’ residential streets in Camborne; a principal approach to the historic core; direct visual and physical links to core, the church in particular is seen only in long views as the culmination of the long slope up College Street; fine historic vernacular buildings and streetscape.

Wellington Road Mid-late 19th century residential buildings mixed vernacular and higher-quality housing; site of early 20th century street-tree scheme initiated by Camborne Chamber of Commerce at height of economic prosperity of town. Good streetscape

Add the Grange and grounds, Listed building and ancillary grounds and buildings, part of the series the Spinney, Rectory Cottage of large houses ringing the core area; building type and style typical and adjoining, Rectory Road of Camborne; secluded, well-treed grounds typical of other sites included; intimate connection with church complex; essential ele- ment to understanding history and development of historic core; the trees here a vital element of the appearance and character of the conservation area, but outside it; no further development likely; contiguous with existing boundary; scale of development within grounds has not destroyed its integral relationship with rest of its context (i.e. conservation area)

The Commercial Core

Centenary Street: Include full To complete and complement setting of chapel and schools and extent of Centenary Chapel burial ground; historic importance as part of industrial social history burial ground. of Camborne. 11.0 Appendix 2 11.0Appendix Cross Street: Exclude No. 1 Not a frontage building to Cross Street; not distinguishable from the Victoria Street from CA or in- rest of Victoria Street. clude whole of Victoria Street Rosewarne car-parks Although of negative impact, this area is essentially part of the urban core, the context and setting of existing CA, not part of the surrounding residential grid; high archaeological potential; its effective enhancement and management essential to CA management; contains shops, historic fabric (boundaries); nodal point for access to CA; especially if additions to Vyvyan Street agreed

Vyvyan Street: Nos. 37-49 Part of hinterland to Trelowarren Street to complement existing (odd) and salvation Army stretches of street already included; Salvation Army Citadel is Citadel town-centre use, an important building in streetscape, but also dominant in roofscape and long views of central area –seen in closer relationship with key buildings and streetscapes within the CA.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 85

Camborne Cross Trevenson Road Setting and context of Camborne Cross. Shares many characteristics with core area: shops, chapel, pubs, through-traffic; this is urban, not purely residential like the mass of surrounding streets; Trelowarren Street was like this before commercial expansion of late C19.

The leafy suburbs: Basset Basset Road. Access lane to Part of the ancient Church Lane, this is actually the rear access to Lowenac Garden House: Basset Road properties; amendment would secure the full extent of boundary to be on west side of historic plots on Basset Road, including walled gardens, stable court lane and include walled garden yards, historic walls, gates and outbuildings. rear of 32 basset Road

Pendarves Road. Boundary to All buildings complementary to those in CA boundary; Tregenna Villa run on north side of road; ex- and The Brick House outstanding examples of major industrialists’ tend to include Tregenna Villa houses, directly analogous to Rosewarne or Trevu (both within the and grounds, nos. 28, 32 and conservation area). Walls, gateways, planting and park-like grounds 34 and The Brick House, no. are all integral to the character and appearance of the street, exactly 37 similar to and a mirror of those similar features included within the designated area; the railway/bridge at west end of CA is not per- ceived as any kind of meaningful barrier from the street.

The leafy suburbs: Rosewarne

Gustavus Road. Extend CA to Character is of late 19th century suburbs –building types and street- include Wellington Road and scape identical with adjoining streets, especially by junction with

11.0 Appendix 2 11.0Appendix Trelawney Road; or de- Wellington Road; no logic to boundary. designate Gustavus Road

Rosewarne Home Farm. Gates, The lodge and gates are excluded apparently only because of carto- wall and lodge, Parc-Bracket graphic error; this is not part of the residential street grid, but part of Street the Rosewarne complex, all the rest of which is included in the designated area.

Tehidy Road The cottages north of present boundary are actually a continuation of the Fore Street-Rosewarne cottages/workshops; fine architectural de- tailing, re-using old material, and echoing gothic detailing of nos. 5-9 Tehidy Road ; the excluded area includes the site of Trevithick workshops (the starting point of the Camborne Hill run), and St Meryasek's well.

March 2010 86 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal The leafy suburbs: Trevu

Trevu Road. Beacon Terrace; Identical building types and styles to villas/houses on Trevu Road Seaview Terrace itself; contiguous with boundary; large gardens, mature planting.

Trevu Road. No. 2 and council Historic frontage building addresses streetscape and station area, depot (Mount Pleasant Road): rear yards/depot area appropriate use and character in industrial area by railway identical to those in existing designated area.

Trevu Road. 29-35a; 1-9 Vean Same building types and styles to Trevu Road itself; contiguous with Terrace; 2-16 Redbrooke Road boundary; fill in gaps in streetscape; alterations to these buildings could harm whole CA streetscape; alterations currently no worse than on designated areas and reversible; entirely appropriate types to CA.

Trevu Road. No. 18 and adjoin- Part of the historic plot of Mount Pleasant house/lodge (contiguous ing plot with buildings with Trevu); part of streetscene and planted ornamental grounds forming character of area.

Crane/Tregenna Lane Although, unlike virtually all the other proposed extensions, not contiguous with the current conservation area, the Crane area has a unique and special character which is related to that of the leafy suburbs, especially around Pendarves Road, and to the Glebe/ rectory/Churchyard complex. Here are a mediaeval manorial site, scheduled medieval cross, good 19th century cottages and houses, very high quality 20th century houses (dating from the period when

Camborne was still a prosperous industrial town around the years 2 11.0Appendix either side of the first world war) and almshouses, mining remains, the Camborne recreation ground and park (1890s). Meaningful connections could be made with the core area along Rectory Road and Tregenna Lane.

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 87 Appendix 3 Justification for The council will Pursue Article 4 Directions: Appendix 4 Potential Article 4 Directions • to control the demolition of walls and hedges, Archeology especially for the creation of hard standings. The local plan (para. 4.70) envisages the making Notification • to control specified alterations to and partial of Article 4(2) Directions to control changes to demolition of individual houses, and to front elevations that affect the character or prevent the loss of such features as unlisted An adequate and effective means of notification appearance of conservation areas (covering such shop fronts, especially when now in and consultation on proposals to develop features as the height, pattern and size of residential use. windows and doors, the design of frontages and potentially sensitive sites to other bodies (e.g. use of plastic and other non-traditional doors and • to control the demolition of and alterations to County Council Historic Environment Service) will windows). Article 4(1) Directions restrict free-standing outbuildings. A full and detailed be developed, to inform the scale and scope of development rights over a wider range of survey, record and analysis of the those developments before permission is given, features, including those not affecting front conservation area is required, to determine based on the broad-brush designation of the elevations, but, unlike Article 4(1), require the range of relevant restrictions, the types conservation area as an archaeologically sensitive approval by the Secretary of State. of Article 4 to be pursued and the properties area, allowing for watching briefs or recording as affected; the survey will include the following part of planning permission on sites not already

targeted areas (largely residential): identified as archaeologically sensitive. The majority of buildings within the conservation area are commercial buildings, or in multiple Basset Basset Cross Fore Hooper’s Mitchell North Road Street Street Street Lane Lane Road occupation; neither type of use enjoys permitted (lane to Survey of archaeological potential north) development rights. However, there are large Pen- South Tehidy Tre- Trevu Vyvyan numbers of houses in single occupation, and many darves Terrace Road lowarren Road Street outbuildings, walls etc., where control of Road Street A full survey of archaeological potential will be (east carried out as resources allow; a current, and development is limited, or unclear. In many cases end) there is a real threat to the special character and necessarily superficial, analysis of potential and appearance of the area, particularly in regard to likely areas of interest can be derived from the the loss of fenestration and elevation details, Areas of concern for nay Article 4 Directions will CISI and CSUS reports. Full reference should be roofing materials and fabric, in the loss of front be wide-ranging, and will cover the following: made to those documents, together with Figures garden walls and gates and the creation of hard 4, 5 and 6 of the CSUS report. 11.0 Appendix 3 & 4 & 3 11.0Appendix • windows, doors; bay windows standings, and in the loss of rear garden walls, yards and outbuildings. • roofs

• removal of render; application of render

• front garden walls; hard standings; rear walls; outbuildings

March 2010 88 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal Streetscape Principles Policies

Relevant Local plan policies: Apply all relevant Statutory and Local policies Encourage the re-use of historic shopfronts in

Camborne by promoting their suitability for a Policy B.EN 16: Shopfronts and Awnings Retain old shopfronts of merit as a fundamental variety of new uses principle Policy B.EN 17: Advertisements and Areas of Target key buildings and reinstate missing ele- Special Control Repair and maintain the existing stock of historic ments of shopfronts as part of townscape and shopfronts in Camborne Policy B.EN 18: advertisements in conservation streetscape improvements areas – siting and design Integrate shopfront scheme into a wider framework Ensure the most appropriate schemes when change of regeneration measures Policy S1: town centres and new shops of use and/or loss of existing shopfronts be- Establish and promote grant schemes and Policy S2: ground floor uses in town centre come inevitable investment initiatives to repair and re-use Encourage the replacement of inappropriate mod- Policy S3: non-retail Uses in town centres (Fringe vacant buildings commercial areas) ern shopfronts with traditionally detailed shop- Review extent and effectiveness of town centre fronts based on historical evidence or with ap- Cross Street and Chapel Street are designated as a designations and associated policies propriately and well-detailed modern shopfronts fringe commercial area (SF757) Fringe commercial area: programme of managed Restore whole buildings/shopfront as part of overall Policy S5: town centre shopping opportunity sites: retreat building repair The bus depot is designated as a shopping Celebrate interpret and present historic buildings Review application of advertisement controls development opportunity site (SO763) etc. Review application of town centre/shopfront/ Policy S7: design and layout of new urban shops Local authority to effectively exercise statutory personal security The Principles and Policies set out by the Shopfront controls as well as enabling role Study are as follows: Extend strategy beyond current conservation area 11.0 Appendix 11.0Appendix

March 2010 Camborne Conservation Area Appraisal 89