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Sowjetmoderne Soviet Modernism 1955 –1991 Unbekannte Geschichten Unknown Stories

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Sowjetmoderne Soviet Modernism 1955 –1991 Unbekannte Geschichten Unknown Stories Sowjetmoderne Soviet Modernism 1955 –1991 Unbekannte Geschichten Unknown Stories 19. Wiener Architektur Kongress 19th Vienna Architecture Congress 24. – 25.11.2012 Sowjetmoderne Soviet Modernism 1955 –1991 Unbekannte Geschichten Az W Unknown Stories 19. Wiener Architektur Kongress 19 th Vienna Architecture Congress Vortragende / Speakers 24. – 25.11.2012 Ruben Arevshatyan Armenien / Armenia Der 19. Wiener Architektur Kongress, der im Rahmen der Ausstellung Levan Asabashvili Georgien / Georgia „Sowjetmoderne 1955–1991. Unbekannte Geschichten“ Vladimir Belogolovsky USA (08.11.2012 – 25.02.2013) stattfindet, versammelt erstmalig Elke Beyer Deutschland / Germany außerhalb Russlands die wichtigsten ExpertInnen für die bisher Andrey Bokov Russland / Russia wenig erforschte Epoche der sowjetischen Moderne an einem Ort. Oleksandr Burlaka & Oleksiy Radynski Ukraine ArchitekturhistorikerInnen, StadtplanerInnen, KulturtheoretikerInnen Boris Chukhovich Usbekistan, Kanada / Uzbekistan, Canada und ArchitektInnen aus den ehemaligen Sowjetrepubliken werden Marija Dre˙maite˙ Litauen / Lithuania gemeinsam mit weiteren internationalen ExpertInnen in vier Blöcken die Themen „Kapitalismus versus Kommunismus. Sergej Fedorov Russland, Deutschland / Russia, Germany Architektur der Moderne in Ost und West“, „Das Sowjeterbe: Mart Kalm Estland / Estonia National oder Russisch?“, „Lokale Modernen. Zentrifugale Kräfte Olga Kazakova Russland / Russia in der Architektur der UdSSR“ und „Gebaute Ideologie“ unter Wolfgang Kil Deutschland / Germany architekturgeschichtlichen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Ruslan Muradov Turkmenistan Blickwinkeln beleuchten. Als weiteres Highlight freut sich das Felix Novikov Russland, USA / Russia, USA Architekturzentrum Wien, Gastgeber des „letzten Kongresses der Vladimír Šlapeta Tschechien / Czech Republic ArchitektInnen der UdSSR“ zu sein – 25 Jahre nach der letzten Mait Väljas Estland / Estonia Versammlung der Architektenvereinigung der UdSSR in Moskau Dimitrij Zadorin Weißrussland, Niederlande / Belarus, Netherlands im Jahr 1987. ----- Moderation / Moderated by On the occasion of the exhibition ‘Soviet Modernism 1955–1991. Unknown Stories’ (08.11.2012 – 25.02.2013) the 19th Vienna Architecture Congress will gather in a single place, for the first time Katharina Ritter Österreich / Austria outside Russia, the most important experts on this as yet little Georg Schöllhammer Österreich / Austria researched epoch of Soviet modernism. Architectural historians, Ekaterina Shapiro-Obermair Russland, Österreich / Russia, Austria urban planners, culture theorists and architects from the former Dietmar Steiner Österreich / Austria Soviet republics together with other international experts will Alexandra Wachter Deutschland, Österreich / Germany, Austria examine in four thematic panels the areas ‘Capitalism versus Communism. Architecture of Modernism in East and West’, ‘The Soviet Heritage: National or Russian?’, ‘Local Modernisms. Centri- fugal Forces in the Architecture of the USSR’ and ‘Built Ideology’ from the viewpoints of architectural history, politics and econo- mics. As a further highlight the Architekturzentrum Wien is looking forward to hosting the ‘last Congress of the USSR Architects’ – 25 years after the last assembly of the Union of Architects of the USSR in Moscow in 1987. 19th Vienna Architecture Congress | 3 SAMSTAG / SATURDAY SAMSTAG / SATURDAY 24.11.2012, 10:00 – 12:00 24.11.2012, 13:00 – 16:00 Kapitalismus versus Kommunismus. Das Sowjeterbe: National oder Architektur der Moderne in Ost und Russisch? / The Soviet Heritage: West / Capitalism versus National or Russian? Communism. Architecture of Modernism in East and West Die Architekturgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts ist aus west- Nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion entstanden 15 unabhängige licher Sicht nach wie vor stark von der Perspektive des Kalten Staaten, die vor der Aufgabe standen, ihre Identität neu zu Krieges geprägt. Erst jetzt beginnt man, dies zu hinterfragen und definieren. Die Sowjetperiode wird dabei von Land zu Land eine neue Sicht auf die „Weltarchitektur“ zu eröffnen, die auch unterschiedlich bewertet. Bis zum Zerfall der Sowjetunion diente die kulturellen Leistungen der kommunistischen Welt inkludiert. die unter Stalin erstmals propagierte Losung „National in der Der erste Teil des Kongresses legt einen Schwerpunkt auf die Form, sozialistisch im Inhalt“ und die damit erzwungene Rück- politischen, sozialen und formalen Gesichtspunkte der Sowjet- besinnung auf das „Ethnische“ als kultureller Richtungsweiser. moderne und setzt sie in Bezug zu den parallel verlaufenden Dabei wurde die Sowjetisierung mit der Bekämpfung von Rück- Entwicklungen im Westen. Obwohl die Produktionsbedingungen ständigkeit gleichgesetzt: Die „feudalen Rudimente“ sollten über- der Architektur im Ostblock – von der Beauftragung über die wunden werden und „die progressiven nationalen Kräfte“ dem Planung bis zur Umsetzung – gänzlich anders organisiert waren, Aufbau des Sozialismus dienen. Doch bekannterweise war das sind die Ergebnisse oft nicht so weit voneinander entfernt. Ost Regime nicht nur mit Modernisierung verbunden und in der wie West standen nach dem 2. Weltkrieg vor drängenden gesell- kollektiven Wahrnehmung der Republiken wurde oftmals alles, schaftlichen und städtebaulichen Fragen. was als „sowjetisch“ bezeichnet werden konnte, als das „Zuge- wanderte“, das „Fremde“, das „Russische“ empfunden. Dieser ----- Themenblock geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die Architektur The western view of the history of 20th century architecture dieser Zeit heute als ein nationales oder als ein koloniales Erbe continues to be strongly influenced by the perspective of the gesehen wird und welchen Stellenwert sie in den jeweiligen Cold War. Only recently have scholars started to question this Republiken einnimmt. approach and to open up a new view of “World Architecture” ----- that also includes the cultural achievements of the communist world. The first part of this congress focuses on the political, The 15 independent states that emerged after the collapse of the social and formal viewpoints of Soviet Modernism and relates Soviet Union were confronted with the task of defining their identity. them to parallel developments in the West. Although the conditions The way in which the Soviet period is assessed differs from under which architecture was produced in the Eastern Bloc – country to country. Until the collapse of the Soviet Union the from the way buildings were commissioned to their design and slogan first propagated under Stalin, ‘National in Form, Socialist implementation – were organized in a completely different way in Content’, which imposed a return to ‘ethnic’ elements indicated than in the West, often the results were not so far removed from the cultural direction to be followed. The process of sovietisation each other. After the Second World War both East and West was equated with the struggle against backwardness. The aim were confronted with pressing social and urban planning was to overcome the ‘feudal rudiments’ and to employ ‘progressive questions. national forces’ to establish socialism. But, as is known, the regime was not only associated with modernization; in the collective consciousness of the republics often everything that could be described as ‘soviet’ was regarded as coming from outside as ‘foreign’ and ‘Russian’. In this thematic panel a look is taken at the extent to which the architecture of this period is seen as a national or colonial heritage and the value it has in the different republics is examined. 4 | 19. Wiener Architektur Kongress 19th Vienna Architecture Congress | 5 SAMSTAG / SATURDAY SONNTAG / SUNDAY 24.11.2012, ab / from 17:00 25.11.2012, 10:00 – 13:00 Der letzte Kongress der Lokale Modernen. Zentrifugale ArchitektInnen der UdSSR Kräfte in der Architektur der UdSSR The Last Congress of the USSR Local Modernisms. Centrifugal Architects Forces in the Architecture of the USSR Im Juni 1987 fand in Moskau der 8. Kongress der Architekten- Entgegen westlicher Vorurteile, die der Architektur aller kommunis- vereinigung der UdSSR statt. So wie alle fünf Jahre versammelte tischen Staaten einen gleichförmigen Stil aufgrund einheitlicher sich die sowjetische Architekturelite, um einen neuen Vorstand Produktionsbedingungen und Normvorgaben zuordnen wollen, zu wählen. Trotz der spürbaren Umbruchstimmung deutete soll hier auf die große Vielfalt lokaler Strategien, Formen und Maß- nichts auf ein baldiges Ende dieser mächtigen und einfluss- stäbe innerhalb der Sowjetunion eingegangen werden. Während reichen Organisation hin, deren Wirkungsbereich sich auf das sich die Baltischen Länder stark an der skandinavischen Architektur Berufs- wie auch auf das Privatleben ihrer Mitglieder erstreckte. orientierten, kann die Architektur in Weißrussland und der Ukraine 25 Jahre später versammeln sich in Wien ArchitektInnen der als „proto-sowjetisch“ bezeichnet werden. In den Republiken „Sowjetmoderne“, die inzwischen über die ganze Welt verstreut Zentralasiens stellte sich die Frage, inwieweit nationale Wurzeln leben. Als Zeitzeugen berichten sie über ihre Arbeitserfahrungen und nationale Konstruktionen bedient werden sollten. Im Kaukasus in der UdSSR. Initiiert wurde die Veranstaltung von Felix erstarkten lokale Architektureliten mit einem autochthonen Stil. Auf Novikov. Organisatorisch wird sie durch die Architektenvereini- welche Vorbilder, Traditionen und Materialien konnten und wollten gung Russlands und durch die Internationale Assoziation der sich die ArchitektInnen
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