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From Socio- Political Violence (1985 - 1997) to Community and Economic Development: Analysis of Richmond , Kwazulu - Natal

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From Socio- Political Violence (1985 - 1997) to Community and Economic Development: Analysis of Richmond , Kwazulu - Natal From Socio- Political Violence (1985 - 1997) to community and Economic Development: Analysis of Richmond , KwaZulu - Natal. A Pan - African centered Perspective Approach Fafa Sipho Ntuli Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Phd Degree in the Institute of Social and Economic Studies, Social Policy Program, University of K waZulu - Natal October 2003 Supervisor: Dr. Evan Mantzaris. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CONTENTS .................................. .................. ... ......" .... ... ... " i-v MAPS ILLUSTRATION ... .... .. .. .. ...... , .. , ............. .... .... ... ... VI DEDICATION .............. .. .................. .................................. Vlli IN MEMORy ........... .......... .. .... .. ·· ....... ··········· ············ .. ······ IX QUOTATION........................................................ ......... ..... X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............ ......... ............ .. ...... ..... ... ... XI-Xlll ACRONYMS .. ....... ........ .. ... .... .... .. ..... .. ......... ...... .. .. .. ... ........ XIV INTRODUCTION ....... .......... .... .. ..... ........ .... .. ..... .. ................. xv-xxv METHODOLOGy ...... .. .. ..... ......... ......... ...................... .. ........ xxvi-xxxiii PARTl CHAPTERl RICHMOND ON THE MIDLANDS ............................................. 1-8 COLONIZATION .................................................................. 9-11 CHARLES JOSEPH BYRNE SCHEME ...................... ... .. .............. 12-17 CHAPTER 2 CHRiSTIANITY A POWERFUL TOOL OF MIND CONTROL ........... 18-32 CHAPTER 3 POLITICAL CONFLICT TURNED VIOLENT JUSTIFYING VIOLENCE .......................... .... '" ......... .............. 33-34 CRITICS OF VIOLENCE ........................................ ..... ............ 35-36 ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL CRlTICS ON VIOLENCE .......... ......... 37-48 CHAPTER 4 POLITICAL VIOLENCE REGIONS IN RlCHMOND ...................... 49-59 CHAPTERS THE PEACE INITIATIVE .. .... ...... ... .. ... ........ ................. ...... ..... 60 THE ANC VIEW ................................................... ······ ···· ······ 60 THE IFP VIEW ................................ ... .... .... .................... .... .. 61 VIEWS ON THIS POSITIONS ... .. ........ .. .......................... ..... ... .. 61 PEACE ACCORD ...................... ............... .......... ................. .. 62-65 ENFORCING THE PEACE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES .. 66-67 SPECIAL CRIMINAL COURTS .. .. .... ................... ... .......... ......... 68-74 CHAPTER 6 SECRET STATE FUNDING ........................................ ... ......... 75-77 SECRET FORCES ACTIVITIES UNDER THE MANDATE OF THE THEN GOVERNMENT ....................... ... ..... ............. .......... .. ... 78-86 SOUTH AFRICAN DEFENCE FORCE TRAINING ............ .. .. ... .. .... 87-88 METHODS OF TRAINING AT MLABA CAMP ............................. 89-95 SECURITY FORCES WERE COMPENSATED AFTER MURDERIN"G PEOPLE .. ... .... .................. ... .. ..... ......... ... ... ... ..... 96-99 CHAPTER 7 WAS THERE A THIRD FORCE? ... ....... ............ ... ...................... 100 WHAT IS THIRD FORCE? ............. ................. ..................... .... 100-110 EVIDENCE OF SECURITY FORCES INVOLVEMENT IN THE "THIRD FORCE" ACTIVITIES .... ... ......................... ........ ... ....... 111-117 CHAPTERS THE LATEST VIOLENCE ....................................................... 118-130 SIFISO NKABINDE IS ARRESTED. .. 131-136 THE TRIAL OF SIFISO NKABINDE .. ................... .... .... ... .. .... .... 137-139 SIFISO NKABINDE ...................... ... ... .. ... ................. ........... .. 140-151 RICHMOND IN AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1998 ..... .... ..... .... .. ........... 152 RICHMOND IN SEPTEMBER 1998 ..... ...................... .. ......... ... .. 153-154 SIFISO NKABINDE IS ASSASSINATED .... ........ .. .... ..... .... ... .... ... 155 WHO IS MBONGELENI MTOLO? .... .... .. ..... .. ......... ... ..... ... .... ... 155-156 ARMS CACHE ARE DISCOVERED .............. ... .. .. ..... ... ... ........... 157-159 CHAPTER 9 TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION .. .......... ..... ........ 160-164 11 PART 2: CO~TYANDECONON.UCDEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 10 AMAZING TURN OF AFFAIRS ............. ......... ..................... .. .. 165 BUSINESS CORRUPTION AND RUINING OF RICHMOND COMMUNITY ............................................................ .. .. ...... 166-168 POWER AND POWER RELATION IN THAT COMMUNITy .. .......... 169 THE FALL OF A RAND CURRENCy ............................. .... ... .. ... 170 CAPITALISM IN DISGUISE ...................................................... 171-173 MASS MEDIA AS AN INSTRUMENT OF MANIPULATION ... ......... 174-177 THE CONSEQUENCE ..................... .......... .... .. ... .............. ...... 178-180 CHAPTER 11 RESOLVING POLITICAL VIOLENCE ......... .. ..... ........ ... .... ......... 181-182 PEACEFUL APPROACH ......................... ......... ...... ............ .. ... 183-186 CHAPTER 12 LEVELS OF TRANSFORMATION ............................................ 187-188 CONSCIOUSNESS ............... .... ............ ............ ... ... .......... ... .. 189-190 AWARENESS ... .................. .. ..... ... .......... ... .. ..................... .. .. 191-192 CHAPTER 13 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT .............................. ................. 193-196 SOCIAL POLICY MAKERS OF RICHMOND ................................ 197 HOW TO BEGIN ........................... ... ..................................... 198-200 SOCIAL POLICY AND ELIMINATION OF POVERTY ............. .. .. ... 201-203 CHAPTER 14 HOUSING PEOPLE .................... .. ... ... .. .. ... ............... ... .... .... .. 204-217 CHAPTER 15 EDUCATION AS AN IMPERATIVE WILL OF THE COMMUNITY ... 218-223 CREATIVE FINE ARTS AND DRAMA .............. ......................... 224-225 AFRICAN MUSIC ..... .. .... .. .. .. .. ... ... ........... ............ ........... .... ... 226-230 ll1 CHAPTER 16 THE COLLEGE OF ART, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGy ........... .... 231 COLLEGE DIVISION OF COMMUNITY SERVICES ............ ...... .... 232 COLLEGE BOARD AND EXAMINATIONS ....................... .. .. .... .. 233 COLLEGE INTER-DEPARTMENTAL CO-ORDINATING COUNCIL. ..234-237 CHAPTER 17 ROLE OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS .. .. ... ...... .. ....... .. ... ..... ·· · .. .... ... .. 238-245 CHAPTER 18 THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPING RICHMOND ... .. ............ 246-258 CHAPTER 19 THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN RICHMOND ........ .... ......................... 259-263 CHALLENGES FOR THE YOUTH OF RICHMOND .. .... ................. 264-265 CHAPTER 20 TRANSFORMING OF JUDICIAL SySTEM ....................... ...... .. ... 266-270 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF RICHMOND PEOPLE ................. .. ..... ........... ... .... ..... ............. 271-276 CITING THE TRADITIONAL AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE MIDLANDS COMMUNITY ............................................. 277-279 CHAPTER 21 TRANSFORMING SECURITY APPARATUS ...... .. .... ......... .......... 280 TRANSFORMING THE POLICE ...................... ..................... ... 281-293 THE SADF IN RICHMOND ......... .... ............... .......................... 294-295 DIVISION OF INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY .......................... 296 COMMUNITY POLICING .......... ... .... ..... ... ... ............ ............... 297-298 CHAPTER 22 SOLVING THE HIGH RATE OF CRIME .. .. ... ... ................ ...... ..... 299-301 COMBATING CORRUPTION AS COMMUNITy .... .... ... ... ... ......... 302-321 lV CHAPTER 23 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AS A WA Y FORWARD ...... ............ 322 THE FIRST ECONOMIC FOUNDATION .. ..... ... .......................... 323-333 SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION ........ ....................................................... .. 334-337 AGRICULTURAL SURPLUSES ................. .. ..... ... ..... ................ 338 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .................. ..... ..... 339 THE COMMUNITY-BASED PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMME .......... 340 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ...... 341 EMERGING CONTRACTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (ECDP) .. .. ......... .. .... ..... .... ..... .. ..... .. ... .. ........... ........ ...... ...... 342-344 CHAPTER 24 UPLIFTING HEALTH SERVICES DEVASTATED BY POLITICAL VIOLENCE .......... ....... ... ... ................... ....... ... ........... ........... 345 HOW THEY GOT AFFECTED? ..... ....... ..... .. .... ......... ... .............. 345 IMPACT ON HEALTH SERVICES AND SYSTEMS .. ..................... 346 ACCESS TO SERVICES .... .......... ........... ................................ 346 INFRASTRUCTURE ....................... ............. ...... ... .... ............. 347 EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES.. .. ..... ... .. .... ... ... ...... ... .. .. .. .. .. ... 348 . HUMAN RESOURCES..... ..... ........................................ ....... 348 REMEDY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES ........ .. .................................. ............ ..... ...... ....... 349-350 IMPROVING HEALTH SERVICE AND SySTEM ... .... .. ... .... ....... .. 351-353 CHAPTER 25 HIV/AIDS AWARENESS ............ .... ... ... ..... .. ... ... ... ...... ............ 354-356 PREVENTION OF THE HIV/AIDS ...... ... .. .. ... ........ .............. .... .. 357-359 CHAPTER 26 ENVIRONMENTAL CARE ...... .... .. ..... ...... ................. ....... ... 360-365 v CHAPTER 27 CONCLUSION ... ............................................................... .. 366-369 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ;BY DIVISION. .... .
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