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Manta Birostris) in CMS Appendix I & II, As Proposed by the Government of Ecuador (I/5)
SHARK ADVOCATES INTERNATIONAL Support Inclusion of the Giant Manta Ray (Manta birostris) in CMS Appendix I & II, as proposed by the Government of Ecuador (I/5) Overview Mantas, exceptionally large and vulnerable rays found around the world in tropical to temperate waters, are under increasing threat. Critical aggregation areas are at risk while new markets for manta gills drive unsustainable fisheries that may squander substantial economic benefits of manta-based tourism. Some countries have protected manta rays, but additional national safeguards, as well as collaborative regional efforts to study and conserve manta rays, are urgently needed to avoid further depletion of these valuable and iconic animals. The Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) is an ideal vehicle for facilitating conservation of manta rays and their essential habitats. JACKIE REID / NOAA Biological Characteristics and harpoons. Their large size and tendency to move slowly The giant (Manta birostris) and reef (Manta alfredi) manta in predictable aggregations make them easy targets. rays are among the world’s largest fishes. The giant manta ray can grow to more than seven meters across. Manta rays Manta rays are used for human consumption and shark bait, are especially vulnerable to overexploitation due to their very and are increasingly sought for their gill rakers, which are limited reproductive capacity. Female mantas are thought to traded to East Asia for use in Chinese medicine. This relatively mature at 8-10 years of age, produce just one pup after a new market is driving dramatic increases in targeted manta year-long gestation period (with a year or two resting stage), fisheries, particularly in Southeast Asia, India, and Eastern and live at least 30 years. -
Chondrichthyan Fishes (Sharks, Skates, Rays) Announcements
Chondrichthyan Fishes (sharks, skates, rays) Announcements 1. Please review the syllabus for reading and lab information! 2. Please do the readings: for this week posted now. 3. Lab sections: 4. i) Dylan Wainwright, Thursday 2 - 4/5 pm ii) Kelsey Lucas, Friday 2 - 4/5 pm iii) Labs are in the Northwest Building basement (room B141) 4. Lab sections done: first lab this week on Thursday! 5. First lab reading: Agassiz fish story; lab will be a bit shorter 6. Office hours: we’ll set these later this week Please use the course web site: note the various modules Outline Lecture outline: -- Intro. to chondrichthyan phylogeny -- 6 key chondrichthyan defining traits (synapomorphies) -- 3 chondrichthyan behaviors -- Focus on several major groups and selected especially interesting ones 1) Holocephalans (chimaeras or ratfishes) 2) Elasmobranchii (sharks, skates, rays) 3) Batoids (skates, rays, and sawfish) 4) Sharks – several interesting groups Not remotely possible to discuss today all the interesting groups! Vertebrate tree – key ―fish‖ groups Today Chondrichthyan Fishes sharks Overview: 1. Mostly marine 2. ~ 1,200 species 518 species of sharks 650 species of rays 38 species of chimaeras Skates and rays 3. ~ 3 % of all ―fishes‖ 4. Internal skeleton made of cartilage 5. Three major groups 6. Tremendous diversity of behavior and structure and function Chimaeras Chondrichthyan Fishes: 6 key traits Synapomorphy 1: dentition; tooth replacement pattern • Teeth are not fused to jaws • New rows move up to replace old/lost teeth • Chondrichthyan teeth are -
Extinction Risk and Conservation of the World's Sharks and Rays
RESEARCH ARTICLE elife.elifesciences.org Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays Nicholas K Dulvy1,2*, Sarah L Fowler3, John A Musick4, Rachel D Cavanagh5, Peter M Kyne6, Lucy R Harrison1,2, John K Carlson7, Lindsay NK Davidson1,2, Sonja V Fordham8, Malcolm P Francis9, Caroline M Pollock10, Colin A Simpfendorfer11,12, George H Burgess13, Kent E Carpenter14,15, Leonard JV Compagno16, David A Ebert17, Claudine Gibson3, Michelle R Heupel18, Suzanne R Livingstone19, Jonnell C Sanciangco14,15, John D Stevens20, Sarah Valenti3, William T White20 1IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; 2Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; 3IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, NatureBureau International, Newbury, United Kingdom; 4Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, United States; 5British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 6Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; 7Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, United States; 8Shark Advocates International, The Ocean Foundation, Washington, DC, United States; 9National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand; 10Global Species Programme, International Union for the Conservation -
Sharks Great and Small
Sharks Great and Small Description: Are sharks really huge, man-eating beasts? Audience: 3rd – 5th Grade, with Actually no. In this activity students will estimate and Middle and High school extensions measure out lengths of sharks to discover how long Duration: 60 minutes sharks really are. STEM Process Skills: what process Materials: tape measure or meter stick (1 per group), skills are used throughout colored sidewalk chalk (1 – 2 per group) Learning Objectives/Goals: The Procedures: · student will be able to estimate • Divide the students into teams of four. Each team approximate lengths of various should have a supply of colored sidewalk chalk and shark species. a tape measure or meter stick. Assign each team four sharks to study. Focus TEKS: • points will be length and width (if the information is 3rd Grade – Science 1, 2, 3, 4; Math 2, 4 available). th 4 Grade – Science 1, 2, 3, 4; Math 2, 4 • On an outdoor surface, have the students 5th Grade - Science 1, 2, 3, 4; Math 2, 4 estimate and draw the length of each of their sharks. Ocean Literacy Principles: 5 • In a different color chalk, redraw the same shark using the tape measure or meter stick for accuracy. Vocabulary: estimate, length, • Compare the groups' results. measure Extensions: Set Up/Break Down: Find a sidewalk • Covert the units from meters to feet (or centimeters near your classroom or use the to inches) playground • Determine the percent of error in each estimate. • Use ratios to compare the sharks' widths to their Sept. 25, 2018 lengths and make scaled drawings. -
Florida's Fintastic Sharks and Rays Lesson and Activity Packet
Florida's Fintastic Sharks and Rays An at-home lesson for grades 3-5 Produced by: This educational workbook was produced through the support of the Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program. 1 What are sharks and rays? Believe it or not, they’re a type of fish! When you think “fish,” you probably picture a trout or tuna, but fishes come in all shapes and sizes. All fishes share the following key characteristics that classify them into this group: Fishes have the simplest of vertebrate hearts with only two chambers- one atrium and one ventricle. The spine in a fish runs down the middle of its back just like ours, making fish vertebrates. All fishes have skeletons, but not all fish skeletons are made out of bones. Some fishes have skeletons made out of cartilage, just like your nose and ears. Fishes are cold-blooded. Cold-blooded animals use their environment to warm up or cool down. Fins help fish swim. Fins come in pairs, like pectoral and pelvic fins or are singular, like caudal or anal fins. Later in this packet, we will look at the different types of fins that fishes have and some of the unique ways they are used. 2 Placoid Ctenoid Ganoid Cycloid Hard protective scales cover the skin of many fish species. Scales can act as “fingerprints” to help identify some fish species. There are several different scale types found in bony fishes, including cycloid (round), ganoid (rectangular or diamond), and ctenoid (scalloped). Cartilaginous fishes have dermal denticles (Placoid) that resemble tiny teeth on their skin. -
Identification Guide to the Deep-Sea Cartilaginous Fishes Of
Identification guide to the deep–sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean FAO. 2015. Identification guide to the deep–sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FishFinder Programme, by Ebert, D.A. and Mostarda, E., Rome, Italy. Supervision: Merete Tandstad, Jessica Sanders (FAO, Rome) Technical editor: Edoardo Mostarda (FAO, Rome) Colour illustrations, cover and graphic design: Emanuela D’Antoni (FAO, Rome) This guide was prepared under the “FAO Deep–sea Fisheries Programme” thanks to a generous funding from the Government of Norway (Support to the implementation of the International Guidelines on the Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries in the High Seas project) for the purpose of assisting states, institutions, the fishing industry and RFMO/As in the implementation of FAO International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas. It was developed in close collaboration with the FishFinder Programme of the Marine and Inland Fisheries Branch, Fisheries Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The present guide covers the deep–sea Southeastern Atlantic Ocean and that portion of Southwestern Indian Ocean from 18°42’E to 30°00’E (FAO Fishing Area 47). It includes a selection of cartilaginous fish species of major, moderate and minor importance to fisheries as well as those of doubtful or potential use to fisheries. It also covers those little known species that may be of research, educational, and ecological importance. In this region, the deep–sea chondrichthyan fauna is currently represented by 50 shark, 20 batoid and 8 chimaera species. This guide includes full species accounts for 37 shark, 9 batoid and 4 chimaera species selected as being the more difficult to identify and/or commonly caught. -
Extinction Risk and Conservation of the World's Sharks and Rays
Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays Nicholas K. Dulvy1*, Sarah L. Fowler2, John A. Musick3, Rachel D. Cavanagh4, Peter M. Kyne5, Lucy R. Harrison1, John K. Carlson6, Lindsay N. K. Davidson1, Sonja V. Fordham7, Malcolm P. Francis8, Caroline M. Pollock9, Colin A. Simpfendorfer10, George H. Burgess11, Kent E. Carpenter12, Leonard J. V. Compagno13, David A. Ebert14, Claudine Gibson2, Michelle R. Heupel15, Suzanne R. Livingstone16, Jonnell C. Sanciangco12, John D. Stevens17, Sarah Valenti2, & William T. White17 1IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group and Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Colombia V5A 1S6, Canada; 2IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, NatureBureau International, 36 Kingfisher Court, Hambridge Road, Newbury RG14 5SJ, UK; 3Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA; 4British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; 5Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia; 6NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL 32408, USA; 7Shark Advocates International, The Ocean Foundation, 1990 M Street, NW, Suite 250, Washington, DC 20036, USA; 8National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand; 9Species Programme, IUCN, -
Lesser Devil Rays Mobula Cf. Hypostoma from Venezuela Are Almost Twice Their Previously Reported Maximum Size and May Be a New Sub-Species
Journal of Fish Biology (2017) 90, 1142–1148 doi:10.1111/jfb.13252, available online at wileyonlinelibrary.com Lesser devil rays Mobula cf. hypostoma from Venezuela are almost twice their previously reported maximum size and may be a new sub-species N. R. Ehemann*†‡§, L. V. González-González*† and A. W. Trites‖ *Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Apartado Postal 592, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23000, Mexico, †Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar (ECAM), Boca del Río, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Nueva Esparta (UDONE), Boca del Río, Nueva Esparta, C.P. 06304, Venezuela, ‡Proyecto Iniciativa Batoideos (PROVITA), Caracas, Venezuela and ‖Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Received 8 September 2016, Accepted 23 November 2016) Three rays opportunistically obtained near Margarita Island, Venezuela, were identified as lesser devil rays Mobula cf. hypostoma, but their disc widths were between 207 and 230 cm, which is almost dou- ble the reported maximum disc width of 120 cm for this species. These morphometric data suggest that lesser devil rays are either larger than previously recognized or that these specimens belong to an unknown sub-species of Mobula in the Caribbean Sea. Better data are needed to describe the distribu- tion, phenotypic variation and population structure of this poorly known species. © 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles Key words: batoids; by-catch; Caribbean Sea; Chondrichthyes; Myliobatiformes. There is limited biological and fisheries information about the body size at maturity, population size, stock, maximum age and length–mass relationships of Mobula hypos- toma (Bancroft, 1831), better known as the lesser devil ray. -
Pacific Currents | Summer 2009 Pre-Registration and Pre-Payment Required on All Programs Unless Noted
summer 2009 | volume 12 | number 4 member magazine of the aquarium of the pacific Learn about these graceful and magnificent animals that keep our ocean healthy! Focus on Sustainability GLOBAL WARMING’S EVIL TWIN One aspect of global climate change that has received far less attention than many others, but may be among the most important to ocean life, is ocean acidification. By Jerry R. Schubel EARLY EVERYONE has heard of global warming, and most believe that it is happening and that humans are a major driving force because of our use of fossil fuels. The AA N O more expansive term is global climate change, which OFT/N includes an array of effects caused by warming. These include sea R level rise, coral bleaching, loss of biodiversity, an increase in the frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and so on. One aspect of HOPC RUSS global climate change that has received far less attention than many Planktonic snails known as pteropods (Limacina helicina) are at high risk from ocean acidification, as the surface seawater of the polar regions is projected to become others, but may be among the most important to ocean life, is referred corrosive to their shells within decades. to by some scientists as “Global Warming’s Evil Twin.” The evil twin robs many animals with calcareous skeletons—both internal and external—of their ability to secrete calcium carbonate shells from sea Since increasing acidity lowers carbonate ion concentration—a water. The evil twin is ocean acidification. component of calcium carbonate used by many organisms to build Most of the carbon dioxide that is added to the atmosphere from their shells, skeletons, and coral reef structures—those organisms, the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere for an average including plankton (such as pteropods and coccolithophores), of about a century and then is transferred into the ocean where it benthos (such as clams, oysters, and mussels), and coral reefs, remains, on average, for a thousand years or longer. -
Record of the Goblin Shark Mitsukurina Owstoni (Chondrichthyes
Marine Biodiversity Records, page 1 of 5. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2012 doi:10.1017/S1755267211000923; Vol. 5; e44; 2012 Published online Record of the goblin shark Mitsukurina owstoni (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Mitsukurinidae) from the south-western Atlantic getulio rincon1, teodoro vaske ju’ nior2 and otto b.f. gadig2 1Conepe-Conselho Nacional de Pesca e Aquicultura, Setor Hoteleiro Sul, Quadra 6, Conj. A, Bloco E, Edifı´cio Brasil 21, Salas 10-13, CEP 70322-915, Brası´lia, Distrito Federal, Brazil, 2UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Prac¸a Infante Dom Henrique s/n, CEP 11330-900, Sa˜o Vicente, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil This paper reports the first well-documented specimen of the goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni in the south-western Atlantic, based on a mature male measuring 3152 mm total length, caught on 27 November 2008 off the Rio de Janeiro coast, south- east Brazil. Keywords: goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni, occurrence, south-western Atlantic Submitted 26 June 2011; accepted 25 July 2011 INTRODUCTION Colombia (Grijalba-Bendeck & Acevedo, 2009), French Guiana (Uyeno & Sasaki, 1983) and northern Brazil The goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni (Jordan, 1898) is the (Holanda & Asano-Filho, 2008). single representative of the family Mitsukurinidae, order Although widely distributed, some available biological and Lamniformes (mackerel sharks), distributed worldwide in distribution data are controversial. For example, the first deep waters down to at least 1300 m and occasionally reaching record from the western North Atlantic, in fact was not that the shallow upper slopes of submarine canyons. It is one of the published by Uyeno et al. (1983), but from Kukuev (1982) most bizarre large sharks known, attaining about 4100 mm who reported nine specimens collected between 1976 and total length, and characterized by its long and well depressed 1978 at Corner Mountains and New England Seamounts. -
Marine Animals II
Marine Animals II. The Chordates OCN 201 Biology Lecture 7 Arthropods Segmented Worms The Animal Chordates Family Tree Mollusks Echinoderms Round Worms Cnidarians Ctenophores Flatworms Sponges Placozoa Ancestral Protist Chordate Tree Invertebrates Vertebrates Chordate Features Chordate Features Tunicates Salps • Pelagic or benthic • Often colonial • Suspension feeders Ascidians (sea squirts) Larvaceans Lancelets • Small fish-like, No Jaw • Suspension feeder • Can swim, but usually stays partly buried Amphioxus The Major Fish Groups • Jawless fishes (Agnatha) • Cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) • Bony fishes (Osteichthyes) Jawless Fish Lamprey (Parasite) • No jaws • No appendages • Cartilaginous • Parasites or Scavengers Hagfish (Scavenger) Jawless Fish Hagfish slime defense Cartilaginous Fish (Chondrichthyes) • Sharks, Skates and Rays • Skeleton of cartilage • Have jaws • Carnivores or Planktivores Cartilaginous Fish: Planktivores • Planktivores (filter feeders) are largest • Gaping mouth with small or no teeth • Gill rakers • Manta Ray (8 m across!) Gill Rakers • Whale Shark (up to 17 m long!) Planktivores Whale Shark Manta Ray Cartilaginous Fish: Carnivores Cookie-Cutter Shark Photo: NOAA Cookie-Cutter Shark Wounds Goblin Shark Photo: Mike Spalding vis WIRED magazine Bony Fish (Osteichtyes) • 22,000 species Stout Infantfish • From about <1 cm to 11 m • Surface to ≥ 8370 m deep Oarfish Herbivores Herbivores (algae) Planktivores (Filter Feeders) Anchovies H O Sardines 2 filter: gill rakers mouth gill opening gut Used by the most successful -
Seasonal Occurrences of Manta Birostris (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae) in Southeastern Brazil
Ichthyol Res DOI 10.1007/s10228-008-0060-3 SHORT REPORT Seasonal occurrences of Manta birostris (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae) in southeastern Brazil Osmar J. Luiz Jr Æ Ana Paula Balboni Æ Guilherme Kodja Æ Maurı´cio Andrade Æ Heloisa Marum Received: 25 July 2007 / Revised: 15 May 2008 / Accepted: 20 May 2008 Ó The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2008 Abstract An analysis of 79 underwater photographs of Notarbartolo-di-Sciara and Hillyer (1989) and Lobel Manta birostris gathered over a period of nine years in a (2003) reported patterns of seasonal occurrences at Vene- marine protected area in southeastern Brazil suggests a zuela (Southern Caribbean) and Johnston Atoll (Central high predictability of manta ray occurrences in the region Pacific). These authors infer that aggregations occur in during the austral winter (June–September). The reasons temporally and spatially predictable foraging grounds for this are probably related to the seasonal oceanographic where blooms of plankton arise. Seasonality in other large conditions, as characterized by the presence of a coastal planktivorous elasmobranches such basking sharks, whale front at the study site in winter and consequent plankton sharks and Mobula rays is often related to temporal vari- enrichment, which provides a feeding opportunity for ability in the abundance of their zooplankton prey manta rays. In addition, a melanistic individual in the (Notarbartolo-di-Sciara 1988; Taylor 1996; Sims et al. Atlantic Ocean that is similar in color to the Pacific 1997; Wilson et al. 2001). Ocean’s ‘‘black manta’’ is reported for the first time. Manta rays are usually seen and photographed by rec- reational scuba divers in southeastern Brazil, especially in Keywords Manta birostris Á Seasonality Á Coastal front Á the Laje de Santos Marine State Park (Parque Estadual Melanism Á Laje de Santos Marine State Park Marinho da Laje de Santos; Fig.