0 1 Vande Bharat Rashmi Express

Ruston Cars

Blockchain 5G

Chatbot

ISRO PSLV- PWA C43

Shakati

Digital ebee SQ Transformation

Battista

Microsoft USB 4 Hololens 2

4D PRinters

Flexiable Project Display Session 2 , also known as Train 18, is an Indian semi-high speed intercity electric multiple unit. It was designed and built by (ICF) Chennai under the Indian government's Make in India initiative over a span of 18 months. The unit cost of the first rake was given as ₹100 crore (US$14 million), though the unit cost is expected to go down with subsequent production. At the original price, it is estimated to be 40% less costly than a similar train imported from Europe. The train was launched on 15 February 2019, by which date a second unit will have been produced and readied for service. The service was named 'Vande Bharat Express' on 27 January 2019.

3 Train 18's exterior appearance consists of aerodynamic narrowing at each ends of the train. It has a driver coach at each end of the train, allowing for faster turnaround at each end of the line. The train has 16 passenger cars, with a seating capacity of 1,128 passengers. Two of the center compartments are first class compartments that seat 52 each, with the rest being coach compartments seating 78 each.

The train's seats, braking system, doors, and transformers are the only elements of the train to be outsourced, with plans to make them domestically on the production of the next unit. Train 18 employs a regenerative braking system. Another unit is planned for production over the next year, along with four more units in the following year, for a total of six The Railway Board has requested that ICF complete two of the new units by May 2019. Two of those units will incorporate sleeper cars into the layout. and ICF are also planning the development of Train 20, another semi-high speed train that will replace the . The line is supposed to be unveiled in 2020. 4 The train set has been flagged off for an inaugural run by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, on 15 February 2019,with its commercial run starting from 17 February 2019 onwards. The train broke down on its first trip on 16 February, with officials citing brake failure secondary to striking cattle as the cause.It will be running on the Delhi-Varanasi route, via Kanpur and Prayagraj, connecting the Prime minister's Lok Sabha seat to the Capital city, reducing travel time along the route by 15 percent.The train's regenerative brakes are also expected to allow a 30% savings in electricity costs as compared to its predecessor. At an operating speed of 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph), it will outpace the by 30 kilometres per hour (19 mph).Although the trainset has been tested for speeds up to 180 kph, operational speed has been capped at 130 kph as an internal report by Indian Railways indicated that just 0.3% of the company's track is capable of supporting speeds of that magnitude.Every other car on the train is motorised.[13The 8 hour journey from New Delhi to Varanasi station has the base fare of ₹1,239.00 and covers the total distance of about 775 kilometers.

5 Refer::NDTV Ranchi man Ranjit Srivastava,38, has developed Indian version of „Sophia,‟ a social humanoid robot developed by a Hong Kong based company, named Rashmi which can speak Hindi, Bhojpuri and Marathi along with English. The developer claimed it as world‟s first Hindi speaking realistic humanoid robot and India‟s first lip-synching robot. Rashmi uses linguistic interpretation (LI), artificial intelligence (AI), visual data and facial recognition systems. “Rashmi functions under a specially designed software and linguistic interpretation system developed by me. The LI programme analyses the feeling of the conversation while AI program analyses the conversation to extract the response from the device,” Srivastava said. Experts termed it an incredible achievement. “I have not heard of any Hindi speaking robot in India. Though I have not seen the robot, it is incredible if it was developed,” said Dr Somnath Chattopadhyaya, associate professor of IIT-Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, who is also the dean of innovation and incubation.

6 A master of business administration (MBA), Srivastava, who has expertise in software development of more than 15 years, has developed the speaking robot in two years at a meager cost of Rs 50,000. “It will take one month more to give it complete shape of a human. Head and body have been developed and they are functioning properly. Process is on to add hands and legs to it,” Srivastava said.Proprietor of Lotus Communication, a Ranchi based software company, Srivastava, said the robot has many features besides the lip-syncing. It gives facial, eye, lips, and eyebrow expressions and it can move its neck. “Humanoid robot is the need of future generation. It can work as bank receptionist, helper, friend of lonely people and others,” he claimed. Ask the robot anything, it will reply in the same manner. If the robot is told you are ugly, it replies…go to hell. Say you are beautiful, it will reply thank you.

7 When asked about her favourite actor, it replied Shahrukh Khan. “It can talk for hours with a person and it recognizes the person after few meetings due to cameras fitted in its eyes,” Srivastava said.Who inspired Srivastava to take up the speaking robot I thought it could be developed and challenge, he said it was decided to develop a Hindi speaking Sophia. “When I saw it and robot in July 2016,” said its functions, Srivastava, who has developed many software for different departments of the state government. Many of his software received national recognition. Ranjit claims to have developed e- Nibandhan portal for registration department, which received Scotch award, e-library for information and public relation department, tourism portal for tourism department, which won national tourism award. 8 Refer:: Hindustan Times The 1923 Ruston B2 that had been parked for decades at the plant site of the gas turbine manufacturer in Lincoln was basically a wreck. The vintage vehicle was missing important parts, which made it impossible to restore. These parts, however, have now been reproduced by Siemens‟ Materials Solutions subsidiary using 3D printing technology. The project that led to these reproductions demonstrates the possibilities offered by additive manufacturing of spare parts and components. But in 2003, restoration efforts were given new hope when Siemens acquired Ruston with a view to expanding its portfolio to include small gas turbines – a field in which Ruston has been a leader in Europe since the 1960s. Gas turbines are still manufactured in Lincoln today, and when Siemens acquired Ruston, it also took possession of the two vintage vehicles. Still, nothing could be found to replace Tonic‟s steering housing or its imp, so restoration plans were put on hold again, until, in 2016, Siemens acquired Materials Solutions. The Worcester (UK)-based company specializes in additive manufacturing and produces gas turbine parts for Siemens, as well as components for the aerospace industry – and even for automotive racing teams. Materials Solutions General Manager Phil Hatherley heard about the vintage cars. “We offered to reproduce the steering housing and the imp using metal and 3D printing technology,” he explain

10 These days, we‟d say they were over- Printing with Stainless Steel engineered. Ruston & Hornsby was also Hatherley‟s vision has been fulfilled. The unable to set up an efficient mass steering housing has been reproduced, and the production system, which means the mischievous Lincoln imp once again sits atop manual work needed to produce the cars Tonic‟s radiator grille. It took five days just to made them very expensive. Only 1,500 print the steering housing, as the component, people purchased a vehicle, and many of which weighs several kilograms, was printed them were officials at embassies in the UK. layer by layer using type 316 stainless steel. In Only a few models remain in existence this process, a laser melts metal powder – and today, including two that are nicknamed Gin for a fraction of a second the metal liquefies and Tonic. These cars have stood on the and bonds with the metal layer below. Each Ruston factory grounds in Lincoln since the layer is only 20 micrometers thick. It also took 1960s. several days to prepare for the printing The Case of the Missing Imp process. First of all, since there were no Unlike Gin, Tonic – which was built in 1923 design drawings, the housing had to be and exported to Australia – was a true scanned from all sides using cameras, wreck. Geoffrey de Freitas, a British MP although the scanning itself only took a few from 1950–1961, came across the car while minutes. However, before the component could Down Under. He brought it back to England be scanned, broken-off pieces had to be in the 1960s and gave it to Ruston. The plan reassembled. Missing areas were then filled was to have company apprentices restore into the 3D model on a computer using it. However, important parts had been Siemens NX CAD software. Engineers also damaged or were missing. The steering scanned Gin‟s imp to recreate the imp for housing was broken, for example – and of Tonic. all things, the imp on top of the radiator This reverse engineering procedure is not only grille was gone. By that time, the design used to restore vintage cars; it‟s also suitable drawings had all disappeared, making it for industrial sectors that experience prohibitively expensive to produce bottlenecks in the supply of spare parts for old individual components by casting. machines whose design drawings can no longer be found. In this manner, 3D printing can be used to manufacture spare parts whenever they‟re required, which eliminates the need for expensive tooling, warehousing and logistics, and also makes spare part management faster and more efficient 11

Vast Potential Follow-up processing took even longer. Technicians carefully removed the supporting structure needed to produce overhanging parts in the metal printer. Because the housing is large and has a complex shape, stresses build up in the materials as the metal layers are printed. These stresses can be reduced by heat treatment in a vacuum furnace. Gin – the A1 model built in 1920 and equipped with a 2.6 liter engine with an output of 15.9 bhp – participated in the 2018 vintage care race at the Cadwell Park racing circuit in Lincolnshire. Tonic could theoretically be taken for a spin as well; the problem is it needs a new windshield, a new soft top, and new upholstery. Nevertheless, it won‟t be long until the impressive Ruston B2 model (3.3 liter engine, 20 bhp) is also tearing up the circuit in vintage car races. Says Hatherley: “As nostalgic as our effort to restore these two vehicles may seem, Tonic also shows just how much potential additive manufacturing offers for the future of spare parts logistics in many industries.”

Refer::Express News A blockchain, originally block chain,is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data (generally represented as a merkle tree root hash).By design, a blockchain is resistant to modification of the data. It is "an open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way". For use as a distributed ledger, a blockchain is typically managed by a peer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol for inter-node communication and validating new blocks. Once recorded, the data in any given block cannot be altered retroactively without alteration of all subsequent blocks, which requires consensus of the network majority. Although blockchain records are not unalterable, blockchains may be considered secure by design and exemplify a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. Decentralized consensus has therefore been claimed with a blockchain. Blockchain was invented by a person using the name Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 to serve as the public transact ledger ofthe cryptocurrency bitcoin. The identity of Satoshi Nakamoto is unknown. The invention of the blockchain for bitcoin made it the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. The bitcoin design has inspired other applications, and blockchains which are readable by the public are widely used by cryptocurrencies. Blockchain is considered a type of payment13 rail. Private blockchains have been proposed for business use. The first work on a cryptographically secured chain of blocks was described in 1991 by Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta.They wanted to implement a system where document timestamps could not be tampered with. In 1992, Bayer, Haber and Stornetta incorporated Merkle trees to the design, which improved its efficiency by allowing several document certificates to be collected into one block.The first blockchain was conceptualized by a person (or group of people) known as Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. Nakamoto improved the design in an important way using a Hashcash-like method to add blocks to the chain without requiring them to be signed by a trusted party. The design was implemented the following year by Nakamoto as a core component of the cryptocurrency bitcoin, where it serves as the public ledger for all transactions on the network. In August 2014, the bitcoin blockchain file size, containing records of all transactions that have occurred on the network, reached 20 GB .In January 2015, the size had grown to almost 30 GB, and from January 2016 to January 2017, the bitcoin blockchain grew from 50 GB to 100 GB in size.The words block and chain were used separately in Satoshi Nakamoto's original paper, but were eventually popularized as a single word, blockchain, by 2016.Smart contracts which run on a blockchain, for example ones which "creat[e] invoices that pay themselves when a shipment arrives or share certificates which automatically send their owners dividends if profits reach a certain level."require an off-chain oracle to access any "external data or events based on time or market conditions [that need] to interact with the blockchain." IBM opened a blockchain innovation research center in Singapore in July 2016. A working group for the World Economic Forum met in November 2016 to discuss the development of governance modelsrelated to blockchain.According to Accenture, an application of the diffusion of innovations theory suggests that blockchains attained a 13.5% adoption rate within financial services in 2016, therefore reaching the early adoptersphase. Industry trade groups joined to create the Global Blockchain Forum in 2016, an initiative of the Chamber of Digital Commerce.In May 2018, Gartner 0found that only 1% of CIOs indicated any kind of blockchain adoption within their organisations, and only 8% of CIOs 14 were in the short-term 'planning or [looking at] active experimentation with blockchain'.

A blockchain is Blocks hold batches of a decentralized, distributed and public valid transactions that are hashed digital ledger that is used to record and encoded into a Merkle tree. Each transactions across many computers block includes the cryptographic so that any involved record cannot be hash of the prior block in the altered retroactively, without the blockchain, linking the two. The linked alteration of all subsequent blocks. This blocks form a allows the participants to verify and chain. This iterative process confirms audit transactions independently and the integrity of the previous block, all relatively inexpensively. A blockchain the way back to the original genesis database is managed autonomously block.Sometimes separate blocks can using a peer-to-peernetwork and a be produced concurrently, creating a distributed timestamping server. They temporary fork. In addition to a are authenticated by mass secure hash-based history, any collaboration poweredby collective self blockchain has a specified algorithm -interests.Such a design for scoring different versions of the facilitates robust workflow where history so that one with a higher participants' uncertainty regarding value can be selected over others. data security is marginal. The use of a Blocks not selected for inclusion in blockchain removes the characteristic the chain are called orphan of infinite reproducibility from a digital blocks. Peers supporting the asset. It confirms that each unit of database have different versions of value was transferred only once, the history from time to time. They solving the long-standing problem keep only the highest-scoring version of double spending. A blockchain has of the database known to them. been described as a value-exchange Whenever a peer receives a higher- protocol. A blockchain can scoring version (usually the old maintain title rights because, when version with a single new block properly set up to detail the exchange added) they extend or overwrite their agreement, it provides a record that own database and retransmit the compels offer and acceptance. improvement to their peers. 15 Public blockchains A public blockchain has absolutely no access restrictions. Anyone with an internet connection can send transactions to it as well as become a validator (i.e., participate in the execution of a consensus protocol). Usually, such networks offer economic incentives for those who secure them and utilize some type of a Proof of Stake or Proof of Work algorithm.Some of the largest, most known public blockchains are Bitcoin and Ethereum. Private blockchains A private blockchain is permissioned. One cannot join it unless invited by the network administrators. Participant and validator access is restricted.This type of blockchains can be considered a middle-ground for companies that are interested in the blockchain technology in general but are not comfortable with a level of control offered by public networks. Typically, they seek to incorporate blockchain into their accounting and record-keeping procedures without sacrificing autonomy and running the risk of exposing sensitive data to the public internet. Consortium blockchains A consortium blockchain is often said to be semi-decentralized. It, too, is permissioned but instead of a single organization controlling it, a number of companies might each operate a node on such a network. The administrators of a consortium chain restrict users' reading rights as they see fit and only allow a limited set of trusted nodes16 to execute a consensus protocol. Refer::Wikipedia 5G (from "5th Generation") is the latest generation of cellular mobile communications. It succeeds the 4G (LTE-A, WiMax), 3G (UMTS, LTE) and 2G (GSM) systems. 5G performance targets high data rate, reduced latency, energy saving, cost reduction, higher system capacity, and massive device connectivity. The first phase of 5G specifications in Release-15 will be completed by April 2019 to accommodate the early commercial deployment. The second phase in Release-16 is due to be completed by April 2020 for submission to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a candidate of IMT-2020 technology. The ITU IMT-2020 specification demands speeds up to 20 Gbit/s, achievable with wide channel bandwidths and massive MIMO. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is going to submit 5G NR (New Radio) as its 5G communication standard proposal. 5G NR can include lower frequencies (FR1), below 6 GHz, and higher frequencies (FR2), above 24 GHz and into the millimeter waves range. However, the speed and latency in early deployments, using 5G NR software on 4G hardware (non- standalone), are only slightly better than new 4G systems, estimated at 15% to 50% better.Simulation of standalone eMBB deployments showed improved throughput between 2.5×, in the FR1 range, and nearly 20×, in the FR2 range.

17 Like the earlier generation 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks, 5G networks are digital cellular networks, in which the service area covered by providers is divided into a mosaic of small geographical areas called cells. Analog signals representing sounds and images are digitized in the phone, converted by an analog to digita converter and transmitted as a stream of bits. All the 5G wireless devices in a cell communicate by radio waves with a local antenna array and low power automated transceiver (transmitter and receiver) in the cell, over frequency channels assigned by the transceiver from a common pool of frequencies, which are reused in geographically separated cells. The local antennas are connected with the telephone network and the Internet by a high bandwidth optical fiber or wireless backhaul connection. Like existing cellphones, when a user crosses from one cell to another, their mobile device is automatically "handed off" seamlessly to the antenna in the new cell.Their major advantage is that 5G networks achieve much higher data rates than previous cellular networks, up to 10 Gbit/s; which is faster than current cable internet, and 100 times faster than the previous cellular technology, 4G LTE.[Another advantage is lower network latency (faster response time), below 1 ms (millisecond), compared with 30 - 70 ms for 4G.Because of the higher data rates, 5G networks will serve not just cellphones but are also envisioned as a general home and office networking provider, competing with wired internet providers like cable. Previous cellular networks provided low data rate internet access suitable for cellphones, but a cell tower could not economically provide enough bandwidth to serve as a general internet provider for home computers.

18 5G networks achieve these higher data Millimeter waves are absorbed by gases in rates by using higher frequency radio the atmosphere and have shorter range waves, in or near the millimeter wave than microwaves, therefore the cells are band from 30 to 300 GHz, whereas limited to smaller size; 5G cells will be the previous cellular networks used size of a city block, as opposed to the cells frequencies in the microwave band in previous cellular networks which could between 700 MHz and 3 GHz. A second be many kilometers across. The waves also lower frequency range in the microwave have trouble passing through building band, below 6 GHz, will be used by some 5G walls, requiring multiple antennas to cover providers, but this will not have the high a cell.Millimeter wave antennas are speeds of the new frequencies. Because of smaller than the large antennas used in the more plentiful bandwidth at millimeter previous cellular networks, only a few wave frequencies, 5G networks will use inches long, so instead of a cell tower 5G wider frequency channels to communicate cells will be covered by many antennas with the wireless device, up to 400 MHz mounted on telephone poles and compared with 20 MHz in 4G LTE, which can buildings.Another technique used for transmit more data (bits) per second. increasing the data rate is massive MIMO OFDM (orthogonal frequency division (multiple-input multiple-output). Each cell multiplexing) modulation is used, in which will have multiple antennas communicating multiple carrier waves are transmitted in with the wireless device, each over a the frequency channel, so multiple bits of separate frequency channel, received by information are being transferred multiple antennas in the device. 19 simultaneously, in parallel. 5G promises superior speeds in most conditions to the 4G network. Qualcomm presented a simulation at Mobile World Congress that predicts 490 Mbit/s median speeds for 3.5 GHz 5G Massive MIMO and 1.4 Gbit/s median speed 28 GHz mmWave. 5G NR speed in sub-6 GHz bands can be slightly higher than the 4G with a similar amount of spectrum and antennas,though some 3GPP 5G networks will be slower than some advanced 4G networks, such as T-Mobile's LTE/LAA network, which achieves 500+ Mbit/s in Manhattan.The 5G specification allows LAA (License Assisted Access) as well but it has not yet been demonstrated. Adding LAA to an existing 4G configuration can add hundreds of megabits per second to the speed, but this is an extension of 4G, not a new part of the 5G standard.

Network latency is the time it takes to pass a message from sender to receiver. 5G will have much lower latency than previous cellular networks; below 1 millisecond, compared with 30 - 70 ms for 4G. Features of 5G network, including extreme high bandwidth, ultra low latency,. Development of 5G is being led companies such as Qualcomm, Huawei, and Intel for modem technology and Nokia, Ericsson,ZTE, Cisco, and Samsung for infrastructure.Worldwide commercial launch is expected in 2020. Numerous operators have demonstrated 5G as well, including Korea Telecom for the 2018 Winter Olympics and Telstra at the 2018 Commonwealth Games In the United States, the four major carriers have all announced deployments: AT&Tmillimeter wave commercial deployments in 2018, Verizon's 5G fixed wireless launches in four U.S. cities and millimeter- wave deployments,Sprint's launch in the 2.5 GHz band, and T-Mobile's 600 20MHz 5G launch in 30 cities.

A computer program that simulates human conversation, or chat, through artificial intelligence. Typically, a chat bot will communicate with a real person, but applications are being developed in which two chat bots can communicate with each other. Chat bots are used in applications such as ecommerce customer service, call centres and Internet gaming. Chat bots used for these purposes are typically limited to conversations regarding a specialized purpose and not for the entire range of human communication. A Chabot (also known as a smartbot, talkbot, chatterbot, Bot, IM bot, interactive agent, conversational interface, Conversational AI, or artificial conversational entity) is a programmer an artificial intelligence which conducts a conversation via auditory or textual methods. Such programs are often designed to convincingly simulate how a human would behave as a conversational partner, thereby passing the Turing test. Chatbots are typically used in dialog systems for various practical purposes including customer service or information acquisition. Some chatbots use sophisticated natural systems, but many simpler ones scan for keywords within the input, then pull a reply with the most matching keywords, or the most similar wording pattern, from a database. The term "ChatterBot" was originally coined by Michael Mauldin (creator of the first Verbot, Julia) in 1994 to describe these conversational programs.Today, most chatbots are accessed via virtual assistants such as Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa, via messaging apps such as Facebook Messenger or WeChat, or via individual organizations' apps and websites..

Chatbots can be classified into usage categories such as conversational commerce (e-commerce via chat), analytics, communication, customer support, design, developer tools, education, entertainment, finance, food, games, health, HR, marketing, news, personal, productivity, shopping, social, sports, travel and utilities A chatbot is an automated program that interacts with customers like a human would and cost little to nothing to engage with. Chatbots attend to customers at all times of the day and week and are not limited by time or a physical location. This makes its implementation appealing to a lot of businesses that may not have the man-power or financial resources to keep employees working around the clock.

A chatbot works in a couple of ways: set guidelines and machine learning. A chatbot that functions with a set of guidelines in place is limited in its conversation. It can only respond to a set number of requests and vocabulary, and is only as intelligent as its programming code. An example of a limited bot is an automated banking bot that asks the caller some questions to understand what the caller wants done. The bot would make a command like “Please tell me what I can do for you by saying account balances, account transfer, or bill payment.” If the customer responds with "credit card balance," the bot would not understand the request and would proceed to either repeat the command or transfer the caller to a human assistant. 22 Refer:: Wikipedia This is the 13th flight of the core-alone version and 45th launch of the PSLV. Nearly three minutes after its lift-off at 9.57 a.m. on Thursday, the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) workhorse, the PSLV, carrying 31 satellites, soared in a trajectory crossing the path of the Sun and sped to inject the country's Hyper Spectral Imaging Satellite (HysIS), dubbed „Sharp Eye‟, in its intended orbit. In the course of the next one hour, the team at the Mission Control waited for the PSLV C-43 to come up on the other side of the Equator to insert 30 small commercial satellites from various countries into the orbits requested by the customers. The HysIS is is an Earth observation satellite primarily to assist in a wide range of applications in agriculture, forestry, geological environments, coastal zones, among others. The 30 satellites are one each from Australia, Canada, Colombia, Finland, Malaysia, Netherlands and Spain, and 23 from the USA. After 17 minutes from the lift-off from the first launchpad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR,

Sriharikota, the PSLV C-43 injected the HysIS into a precise 23 orbit of 636 km from the Earth.

24 Refer:: Wikipedia Progressive web applications (PWAs) are web applications that load like regular web pages or websites but can offer the user functionality such as working offline, push notifications, and device hardware access traditionally available only to native applications. PWAs combine the flexibility of the web with the experience of a native application. CHARACTERISTICS In 2015, designer Frances Berriman and Google Chrome engineer Alex Russell coined the term "progressive web apps" to describe apps taking advantage of new features supported by modern browsers, including service workers and web app manifests, that let users upgrade web apps to progressive web applications in their native operating system (OS). The technical baseline criteria for a site to be considered a progressive web app by browsers were described by Russell in a follow-up post: 1.) Originate from a secure origin. Served over TLS and green padlock displays (no active mixed content). 2.) Load while offline (even if only a custom offline page). By implication, this means that progressive web apps require service workers. 3.) Reference a web app manifest with at least the four key properties: name, short_name, start_url, and display (with a value of standalone or fullscreen). 25

Enables to set the display mode e.g. full screen This metadata is crucial for an app to be added to a home screen or otherwise listed alongside native apps. AppCache An earlier technology to support offline use of the web. It works adequately for the use case it was designed for (single-page application), but fails in problematic ways for wikis and other multi-page apps. Currently supported by major browsers and in use for years by some sites, but will eventually be removed. Service workers Native mobile apps deliver rich experiences and high performance, purchased at the expense of storage space, lack of real-time updates, and low search engine visibility. Traditional web apps suffer from the inverse set of factors: lack of a native compiled executable, along with dependence on unreliable and potentially slow web connectivity. Service workers are used in an attempt to give progressive web apps the best of both these worlds

26 WebWorkers Allows a web app to run multiple threads of (JavaScript) code simultaneously. Thus, long activities can be moved off the user-interface thread, keeping responses snappy. They have a close relationship with Service WebAssembly Workers, but are more widely. Allows precompiled code to run in a web browser, at near-native speed. Thus, libraries written in languages such as C can be added to web apps. Due to the cost of passing data from JavaScript to WebAssembly, near-term uses will be mainly number-crunching (such as voice recognition and computer vision), rather LocalStorage & than whole applications.

SessionStorage Key-Value stores that largely make cookies obsolete.Application shell architectureSome progressive web apps use an architectural approach called the App Shell Model. For rapid loading, service workers store the Basic. User Interface or "shell" of the responsive web design web application. This shell provides an initial static frame, a layout or architecture into which content can be loaded progressively as well as dynamically, allowing users to engage with the app despite varying degrees of web connectivity. The shell can be stored locally in the browser cache of the mobile device 27 Refer::Windows Central SHAKTI is an open-source initiative by the RISE group at IIT-Madras, which is not only building open source, production grade processors, but also associated components like interconnect fabrics, verification tools, storage controllers, peripheral IPs and SOC tools.

The SHAKTI project is building a SHAKTI is also actively working with family of 6 processors, based on partners to develop a base VLSI flow the RISC-V ISA. We will also (front and back-end) for a large part of develop reference SoCs for the ecosystem.While all the tools might each class of processors, which not be open-source, the scripts and will serve as an exemplar for environment to plug-in SHAKTI that family. While the primary components will be released in open- focus of the team is source. Source code of all the architecture research, these components of the SHAKTI project are SoCs will be competitive with open sourced under the 3 part BSD commercial offerings in the license and will be royalty and patent market with respect to area, free (as far as IIT-Madras is concerned, power and performance. Apart we will not assert any patents). Which from front-end design, basically means, you can use, modify and distribute this code as long as28 it meets the license terms

. Overview Basic Specifications • In-order 3 stage 32/64 bit • Open source IP supporting microcontroller supporting a RV32/64 - IMAC. subset of RISC-V ISA. • Optional Direct-mapped caches • Low area and power consumption for instruction and data. - operational frequency of < • Supports Machine and User- 200MHz on silicon. modes only. • Optimized variants for FPGA • User-mode trap handling is based soft-cores. optional. • AXI4/AXI4-Lite/TileLink • Push button flow to generate peripherals supported variants and subsets of ISA. • Positioned against ARM‟s M class • Optimized sequential Multiplier cores and Divider for ASICs and FPGAs 29 Shakti C-Class Processor

Overview Basic Specifications • An in-order 6-stage 64-bit • Supports RISC-V ISA: RV64IMAFD. microcontroller supporting the • Compatible with latest privilege entire stable RISC-V ISA. spec (v1.10) of RISC-V ISA and • Targets mid-range compute supports the sv39/48 systems: 200-800MHz (can be virtualization scheme. customized for 2 Ghz • Single and Double Precision applications) Floating point units compliant • Supports RISC-V Linux, secure with IEEE-754. L4 • Supports the OpenOCD based • Variants for low-power and debug environment through JTAG. high-performance. • Includes a High performance • Positioned against ARM‟s branch predictor with a Return- Cortex A35/A55. Address-Stack. 30

Equipped with performance oriented features like out-of-order execution, multi-threading, aggressive branch prediction, non- blocking caches and deep pipeline stages. the I-Class processors are targeted at the computer ,mobile,storage and networking the mobile and networking segments.

This is a mobile class processor with a maximum of 8 cores, the cores being a combination of C and I class cores. Tile-Link is used as the cache-coherent interconnect used along along with transaction adapters/bridges to AXI4/AHB to connect to fast and/or slow peripherals. The TileLink topology is customizable to allow optimizations for various power/performance targets. In typical configurations, it is expected that a core complex of 2 or 4 cores will share an L2 cache. L3 caches are optional and are typically expected to be used in desktop type applications. 31 S Class The S-Class is aimed at Workstation and Enterprise server workloads. The base core is an enhanced version of the I-class, with quad-issue and multi-threading support. A tile-link based cache coherent mesh fabric is the interconnect of choice. Cores are expected to use dedicated L2 caches and segmented L3 caches. A maximum core count of 32 will be supported. External interconnect is expected to be Gen-Z and we are considering supporting multi-socket cache coherency based on a MOESIF style protocol running on top of Gen-Z.

H Class SoC configuration aimed at highly parallel enterprise ,HPC and analytics workloads. The cores can be a combination of C or I class, single thread performance driving the core choice. Optional L4 caches and an optimized memory hierarchy is key to achieving a high memory bandwidth. The architecture thrust is on accelerators, VPU and AI/ML and an mesh SoC fabric optimized for up to 128 cores with multiple accelerators per core. Close integration with an external Gen-Z fabric is a key part of the design, as is support for storage class memory. This aspect of the design is crucial since I/O and memory bandwidth is often the bottleneck for these classes of processors. 32

A variant of the C-Class that explores tag based ISAs for object level security. We plan to support coarse and fine grain tags. Coarse grain tags will be used to realize micro-VM like functionality. to mitigate software attacks like buffer-overflow.

T-Class processors are fault tolerant versions of the base- processors. Featuresa include redundant compute blocks (like DMR and TMR), temporal redundancy modules to detect permanent faults, lock-step core configurations, fault localization circuits, ECC for critical memory blocks and redundant bus fabrics. These are also a key component of our ASIL-D solutions and autonomous vehicle compute blocks. 33 Refer:: Shakti Digital technologies have the potential to revolutionize agriculture by helping farmers work more precisely, efficiently and sustainably. Data-driven insights can improve decision-making and practices and help increase environmental performance while making the job more attractive to younger generations. Digital technologies also have the potential to offer consumers greater transparency as to how their food is produced. They offer opportunities to renew business models in value chains by connecting producers and consumers in innovative ways. Beyond farming, digital technologies is key to make rural communities more attractive, smart and sustainable, reducing problems related to remoteness and improving access to services. Research and innovation are vitally important to facilitate and accelerate digital transformation in agriculture and rural areas for the benefit of European citizens and businesses. The EU has been active in the last years undertaking R&I activities laying the ground for digitized and data-empowered European agriculture and rural areas. Strategic interventions support the uptake of digital technologies, increased R&I investments to develop new digital solutions and the crucial assessment of the socio– economic34 impacts of digitization. EIP-AGRI operational groups working on digital technologies

A number of EIP-AGRI innovation projects (Operational Groups) are already developing solutions based on digital technologies to address practical problems or opportunities in the farming sector. Currently available data show that around 10% of Operational Groups work on precision farming or digital transformation. Examples include: • Aqua C+ (Germany) develops an internet based data platform for improving water use efficiency in orchards. The project analyses concrete producer needs, and develops a mobile app and a simple, intuitive user guidance for farmers. • Innovative use of emerging technologies to improve pig production efficiency (United Kingdom) The aim of the project is to control or eliminate production limiting diseases by the innovative application of emerging technology, actively driving management changes on farm with the support of a knowledge transfer network. 35 1. Research and innovation to develop new technologies and business models 2. Improving the uptake of new technologies in agriculture and rural areas 3. Analyzing & managing the impact of digitization in agriculture and rural areas The European Commission and the EIP-AGRI Service point organized in 2017 a stream of events which informed policy discussions on these issues EIP-Workshop „Data Sharing: ensuring a fair sharing of digitization benefits in agriculture‟ • EIP-AGRI Seminar „Digital Innovation Hubs: mainstreaming digital agriculture‟ • Agri- Innovation Summit‟s workshops „Digitizing rural economies‟ • Horizon 2020 event „Digitizing agriculture and food value chains

36 Refer::Wikipedia eBee SQ

The Advanced Agriculture Drone

Why Choose the eBee SQ? AFFORDABLR:- The eBee SQ The eBee SQ agriculture drone agriculture drone is available at a low, captures actionable crop data across value-packed price that fits your farm four multispectral bands, plus RGB or agronomy business‟ budget. imagery , spanning hundreds of acres in a single flight. CAMERAS @ ACCESSORIES The eBee SQ agriculture drone is PRECISE:- The eBee SQ‟s precise, designed specifically for use with the calibrated multispectral imagery Parrot Sequoia. However, a range of provides reliable insights into the real Unique sense Fly accessories are also health of your crops. available. EFFICENT:- EFFICIENT:- The eBee SQ agriculture Field based flight planning, multi-flight drone can cover hundreds acres in a project and a built in Flight data single flight for extremely efficient Manager get your drone in the air crop monitoring and analysis. quickly and minimise the time spent planning flight and managing data. COMPATIBLE:- The eBee SQ is compatible with your existing FMIS, ag machinery and workflow. There is no reinvent how you work.

37 The ping USB improves your airspace awareness by allow you to view live air traffic data directly within eMotion (v3.5 & later). Just connect the Ping USB to your ground station PC and click eMotion‟s Air Traffic icon

This intelligent device enables you to better manage your eBee drones‟ batteries, for optimized performance and safer storage. Charge or discharge batteries to: 100% (Flight Charge) or 30% (Shipping Charge). Can charge two batteries simultaneously.

38 If you are planning to fly your eBee X in extreme situations, such as in high winds, mountainous areas, out of line of sight, or over very large areas, this accessory is a useful final safeguard against unexpected aircraft loss.

Wingspan 110 cm (43.3 in)

Weight (incl. supplied 1.1 kg (2.4 lb) camera & battery)

Radio link range 3 km nominal (up to 8 Km)/1.86 mi (up to 4.97 mi)

Cameras(supplied) Parrot Sequoia Image processing Pix4Dag software Automatic 3D flight Planning lncl.in eMotion Cruise speed 40-110 km/h (11-30m/s or 28 mph) Wind resistance Up to 45 km/h (12m/s or 25-68 mph) Max. flight time 55 minutes

Max. flight range 41 km (25 mi) 39

Hand launch Yes Landing Automatic, linear with-5m (16.4 ft) accuracy

Absolute horizontal/ 1-5m (3-16 ft Vertical accuracy(no GCPs)

Nominal coverage at 120 200 ha (500 ac) M (400 ft)

Max coverage at 2000 30 km2 (11.6 mi2) M (6500 ft)

Ground sampling Down to 4 cm (1.5 in)/pixel Distance (multispectral)

40 Refer:: Sensefly Mahindra unveils world's 'fastest' e-car Battista

Luxury electric vehicles brand Automobili Pininfarina, a part of the Mahindra Group, Tuesday unveiled its luxury electric vehicle Battista here which is touted to be faster than a current Formula 1 race car in its 0-100 km/h sub-two second sprint. When it arrives in 2020, the Battista will be the most powerful car ever designed and built in Italy. It has the potential to accelerate to 62 mph in less than two seconds, faster than a Formula 1 car, and break the 250 mph top speed barrier all with a potential zero emissions range of over 300 miles, the company said. It will deliver a level of performance that is "unachievable today in any road-legal sports car featuring internal combustion engine technology", it claimed. "This is the most authentic and exciting automotive story imaginable. The Battista is the hypercar of the future, inspired by a legendary past," Automobili Pininfarina CEO Michael Perschke told reporters here. Electrification unlocks the door to a new level of performance and a zero-emissions future, whilst a passion and respect for automotive history will define how this landmark car looks and feels, he added. 41 We aim for the Battista to be a future classic and automotive icon, writing its own page in automotive history books," Perschke said. No more than 150 Battistas will be hand-crafted in Italy and allocated equally between the regions of North America, Europe and Middle East/Asia, Pininfarina said. Customer service will be delivered through some of the world's best luxury car retail specialists, from Los Angeles to London to Tokyo, it added.

The Turin-based company has named the model after Battista 'Pinin' Farina, the founder of the Carrozzeria Pininfarina coach building company that he started in 1930. The all-electric hypercar is designed and hand-built in very limited numbers at Pininfarina SpA. Based out of Europe, Automobili Pininfarina combines its automotive design prowess with Mahindra's growing electric vehicle (EV) expertise, gained from participation in the Formula E electric racing car championship. The Mahindra Group had acquired Pininfarina in late 2015 for an overall outgo of over EUR 50 million after months of negotiations. 42 Refer:: Hindustan Times

The second-generation HoloLens, is Microsoft brought HoloLens 2 here, known as HoloLens 2, funnily to Mobile World Congress to enough. announce the second-gen headset on The first HoloLens headset ushered in 24 February 2019. the concept of mixed reality, a form of The location of this launch was pretty augmented reality that mixes the real surprising – Microsoft used to have a world with virtual objects. It‟s a pair of reasonably big presence at the show, smart glasses rather than a full-blown either in a hotel opposite the headset, but it was still a chunky conference centre where we‟ve been device.Based around the technology to several press conferences or a originating in the now- stand at the show. discontinued Kinect for Xbox device, Its presence tailed off after it HoloLens first went on sale in 2016 to messed up Windows Phone - the last developers for $3,000/£2,719, but time it attended was in 2016 where it there has never been an out-and-out had a relatively modest stand. consumer edition.And that's not about "When you change the way you see to change with the second-generation the world, you change the world you headset, even if others like Oculus and see," said Microsoft CEO Satya HTC Vive are releasing more consumer- Nadella on stage during its launch43. focused VR headsets.

The headset has a wider viewable area in comparison to the first generation model, as well as a more comfortable fit. Therefore it should be comfortable enough to wear it for longer. It also fits over glasses and has a dial for size adjustment. It retains the clear glasses element as that‟s fundamental to the way HoloLens works. You can now sign in with Microsoft Hello (superb) and there's also improved eye and hand-tracking. The headset is passively cooled and gives you around two to three hours of use per charge.

44 Microsoft showcased how people will be able to interact seamlessly with a the mixed reality environment, demonstratin virtual buttons, playing a pian and watching a hummingbird fly towards you. Fortnite developer Epic Games also confirmed that it will be supporting the HoloLens platform. It wouldn't be drawn on whether it was about to announce a game or an AR strategy, but did confirm that it would support HoloLens 2.

Like its predecessor and Oculus Quest, HoloLens 2 is an all-in-one unit and won‟t need to be tethered to a PC. It also uses the new Azure Kinect sensor. While the original was Intel-based, the new headset is Qualcomm-based, running on Snapdragon 850 and the displays are 2K units at a 3:2 aspect ratio. The camera offers 8 megapixel stills, with 1080p video at 30fps. There's a five- channel microphone array and sensors include an accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. Connectivity is via Bluetooth 5.0, 802.11ac Wi-Fi and USB-C for charging. We know that Microsoft is working towards a single operating system for all devices from phones to Xbox to servers – specialist functionality will be added with a modular approach.This is known as Windows Core OS and HoloLens 2 could be the first step on that road. Whether that operating system could 45 eventually be known as Windows 11 or similar is anyone‟s guess. Refer::Wikipedia 46 The new USB 4 standard will have three main benefits over prior versions of USB. • 40 Gbps Maximum Speed: By using two-lane cables, some devices will be able to operate at up to 40 Gbps, the same speed as Thunderbolt 3. • Compatible with Thunderbolt 3 devices: Some, but not necessarily all USB 4 implementations will also work with Thunderbolt 3 devices. • Better Resource Allocation for Video: If you‟re using a USB 4 port to transport both video and data at the same time, the port will allocate bandwidth accordingly. So, if the video only needs 20 percent of the bandwidth to drive your 1080p monitor that‟s also a hub, the other 80 percent will be free for transferring files from your external SSD.

This almost goes without saying: USB 4 will only operate over the Type-C connector. Don‟t expect to see a USB 4 device or hub with old- fashioned Type-A ports. That‟s no surprise, as other recent standards such as USB Power Delivery only work on Type-C. If you do connect to, for example, a Type-A 3.1 port by using an adapter, the speed and power will drop down to the lowest common denominator. 47 Intel made news when it said it had However, there‟s a catch: Thunderbolt given the Thunderbolt 3 protocol to compatibility is not a required part of USB Promoter Group, allowing the USB 4 spec so manufacturers don‟t devices with USB 4 ports to have to implement it. You could end up potentially be compatible with buying a laptop with USB 4 and find Thunderbolt 3 devices and USB 4 that it doesn‟t work with, say, devices to attach to Thunderbolt 3. your Razer Core X graphics dock. That‟s good news for everyone, However, USB Promoter Group CEO especially laptop users who want to Brad Saunders anticipates that most play games by connecting an eGPU PCs with USB 4 will be made to work (external graphics card). with Thunderbolt 3. Though there are a number of “We do expect PC vendors to broadly Thunderbolt 3 eGPUs out there, few support Thunderbolt backward laptops and desktops come with compatibility, because most of what Thunderbolt 3 and almost no they need is already built into the USB motherboards support Thunderbolt 3 4 design,” Saunders said. “It‟s based out of the box. Because Thunderbolt is on the same technology so we do an Intel standard, you won‟t find it on anticipate a high rate of adoption any AMD-powered computer. there, but the phone guys will probably Thunderbolt 3 is also more expensive choose not to add the extra little bit to implement than standard USB, they need to be backward compatible.” because it‟s not an open standard and Though Saunders is optimistic about it requires an extra chip. So today, if PC manufacturers adding Thunderbolt you want an eGPU or a super-speedy 3 compatibility to their USB 4 ports, Thunderbolt 3 storage drive, your we should note that any device which choice of computer is very limited. wants to market itself as Thunderbolt With USB 4, device and host 3 compatible will probably need to be manufacturers won‟t have to pay Intel certified by Intel. any royalties so there‟s a much better chance of mass adoption. 48 Three Speeds of USB 4 Though it can hit theoretical speeds of up to 40 Gbps, not all USB devices or hosts will support that standard. Saunders told us that there will be three speeds: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps and 40 Gbps. Expect smaller and less-expensive devices such as phones and Chromebooks to use one of the lower speeds and, when you do get a laptop, you‟ll need to make sure to look at the specs if you want the fastest USB 4 connection available.

Great at Sharing Bandwidth Between Video and Data A big part of the USB 4 spec is the ability to dynamically adjust the amount of resources that are available when you are sending both video and data over the same connection. So, let‟s say that you have USB 4 with a 40 Gbps maximum and you‟re outputting to a 4K monitor while copying a ton of files from an external SSD. And let‟s stipulate that the video feed needs about 12.5 Gbps. In that case, USB 4 would allocate the remaining 27.5 Mbps to your backup drive. USB-C introduced “alternative mode,” the ability to transmit DisplayPort / HDMI video from a Type-C port, but the current 3.x spec doesn‟t provide a good way to split up resources. According to Saunders, DisplayPort alt mode can split the bandwidth between USB data and video data exactly 50/50, and HDMI alt mode doesn‟t allow simultaneous USB data at all. “With USB SuperSpeed, we didn‟t have quite the flexibility in architecture to really manage those two distinct bandwidths [data and video] in a combined fashion over the connector,” Saunders said. “So this is really optimized for more scalability between the different application types.” Rather than using alternative mode, many current docking stations use DisplayLink technology, which compresses the video signal and turns it into USB data. It will be interesting to see whether most USB 4 docks use alternative mode instead. 49

All USB 4 Hosts Support USB PD Where some current-day USB Type-C devices support the USB Power Delivery (USB PD) standard for carrying electricity to high- powered devices, not all of them do. Every USB 4 device and host will have to comply with USB PD, which allows for higher wattages and better power management. USB PD can theoretically provide up to 100 watts, but charging devices do not have to support that amount of power. So there‟s no guarantee that a given USB 4 port would give or take the amount that a particular notebook requires to operate, but you can expect it to follow the spec.

Backward Compatible With Older Device The best thing about all generations of USB is how well they work together. USB 4 will work with USB 3 and USB 2 devices and ports. It should go without saying, though, that you‟ll only get the speed and capabilities of the weakest part of your connection. A USB 4 device won‟t be able to transfer at 40 Gbps when you hook it to a USB 3.2 port and an old-school USB 2 port won‟t suddenly get faster just because you connect it to a brand new USB 4 backup50 drive. Refer::Wikipedia 4-dimensional printing (4D printing; also known as 4D bioprinting, active origami, or shape-morphing systems) uses the same techniques of 3D printing through computer-programmed deposition of material in successive layers to create a three-dimensional object. However, 4D printing adds the dimension of transformation over time. It is therefore a type of programmable matter, wherein after the fabrication process, the printed product reacts with parameters within the environment (humidity, temperature, etc.,) and changes its form accordingly. The ability to do so arises from the near infinite configurations at a micrometer resolution, creating solids with engineered molecular spatial distributions and thus allowing unprecedented multifunctional performance. 4D printing is a relatively new advance in biofabrication technology, rapidly emerging as a new paradigm in disciplines such as bioengineering, materials science, chemistry, and computer sciences.

51 Pattern-driven 4D Hydro-reactive Printing polymers/hydrogels It is possible, through 4D printing, to Skylar Tibbits is the achieve rapid and accurate director of the Self- manufacturing methods for controlling Assembly Lab at MIT, and spatial self-bending actuation in custom- worked with the Stratasys designed soft structures. Spatial and Materials Group to temporal transformations can be produce a composite realized through several actuation polymer composed of mechanisms such as liquid crystal gel highly hydrophilic phase transition, thermal expansion elements and non-active, coefficient, thermal conductivity rigid elements. The unique discrepancies, and the different swelling properties of these two and de-swelling ratios of bi-layer or disparate elements composite beams. One approach to allowed up to 150% model 4D printing is to control 3D- swelling of certain parts of printing parameters, such as different the printed chain in water, spatial patterns of hinges affecting the while the rigid elements response time and bending angle of the set structure and angle 4D print products. A parametric model constraints for the of physical properties of shape memory transformed chain. Tibbits polymer panes incorporating 3D printed et al. produced a chain patterns was developed to that end. The that would spell “MIT” proposed model predicts the final shape when submerged in water, of the actuator with an excellent and another chain that qualitative agreement with experimental would morph into a studies. These validated results can wireframe cube when guide the design of functional pattern- subjected to the same driven 4D printings conditions. 52 Thiele et al. explored the possibilities of a cellulose-based material that could be responsive to humidity. They developed a bilayer film using cellulose steraroyl esters with different substitution degrees on either side. One ester had a substitution degree of 0.3 (highly hydrophilic) and the other had a substitution degree of 3 (highly hydrophobic.) When the sample was cooled from 50 °C to 22 °C, and the relative humidity increased from 5.9% to 35%, the hydrophobic side contracted and the hydrophilic side swelled, causing the sample to roll up tightly. This process is reversible, as reverting the temperature and humidity changes caused the sample to unroll again. Understanding anisotropic swelling and mapping the alignment of printed fibrils allowed A. Sydney Gladman et al. to mimic the nastic behavior of plants. Branches, stems, bracts, and flowers respond to environmental stimuli such as humidity, light, and touch by varying the internal turgor of their cell walls and tissue composition. Taking precedent from this, the team developed a composite hydrogel architecture with local anisotropic swelling behavior that mimics the structure of a typical cell wall. Cellulose fibrils combine during the printing process into microfibrils with a high aspect ratio (~100) and an elastic modulus on the scale of 100 GPa. 53 A flexible display is Flexible electronic an electronic visual display which is paper based displays flexible in nature; as opposed to the A prototype flexible electronic paper more prevalent traditional flat display screen displays used in most Flexible electronic paper (e-paper) electronics devices. In recent years based displays were the first flexible there has been a growing interest displays conceptualized and from numerous consumer prototyped. Though this form of electronics manufacturers to apply flexible displays has a long history and this display technology in e- were attempted by many companies, it readers, mobile phones and is only recently that this technology other consumer electronics. began to see commercial implementations slated for mass production to be used in consumer

electronic devices. 54 Xerox PARC The concept of developing a flexible display was first put forth by Xerox PARC(Palo Alto Research Company). In 1974, Nicholas K. Sheridon, a PARC employee, made a major breakthrough in flexible display technology and produced the first flexible e-paper display. Dubbed Gyricon, this new display technology was designed to mimic the properties of paper, but married with the capacity to display dynamic digital images. Sheridon envisioned the advent of paperless offices and sought commercial applications for Gyricon.In 2003 Gyricon LLC was formed as a direct subsidiary of Xerox to commercialize the electronic paper technology developed at Xerox PARC.Gyricon LLC's operations were short lived and in December 2005 Xerox closed the subsidiary company in a move to focus on licensing the technology instead.

55 HP and ASU Plastic Logic In 2005, Arizona State University opened a This company develops and 250,000 square foot facility dedicated to manufactures monochrome flexible display research named the ASU plastic flexible displays in various Flexible Display Center (FDC). ASU received sizes based on its proprietary $43.7 million from the U.S. Army Research organic thin film transistor Laboratory (ARL) towards the development (OTFT) technology. They have also of this research facility in February demonstrated their ability to 2004. A planned prototype device was produce colour displays with this slated for public demonstration later that technology, however they are year.However, the project met a series of currently not capable of delays. In December 2008, ASU in manufacturing them on a large partnership with Hewlett scale.The displays are Packarddemonstrated a prototype flexible manufactured in the company's e-paper from the Flexible Display Center at purpose-built factory in Dresden, the university.HP continued on with the Germany, which was the first research, and in 2010, showcased another factory of its kind to be built - demonstration. However, due to limitations dedicated to the high volume in technology, HP stated "[our company] manufacture of organic doesn't actually see these panels being electronics.These flexible used in truly flexible or rollable displays, displays are cited as being but instead sees them being used to simply "unbreakable", because they are make displays thinner and lighter."Between made completely of plastic and 2004-2008, ASU developed its first small- do not contain glass. They are scale flexible displays.Between 2008-2012, also lighter and thinner than ARL committed to further sponsorship of glass-based displays and low- ASU‟s Flexible Display Center, which power. Applications of this included an additional $50 million in flexible display technology research funding. Although the U.S. Army include signage,]wristwatches funds ASU‟s development of the flexible and wearable devices as well as 56 display, automotive and mobile devices. Organic User Interfaces and the Human Media Lab In 2004, a team led by Prof. Roel Vertegaal at Queen's University's Human Media Lab in Canada developed PaperWindows, the first prototype bendable paper computer and first Organic User Interface. Since full-colour, US Letter- sized displays were not available at the time, PaperWindows deployed a form of active projection mapping of computer windows on real paper documents that worked together as one computer through 3D tracking. At a lecture to the Gyricon and Human-Computer Interaction teams at Xerox PARC on May 4, 2007, Prof. Vertegaal publicly introduced the term Organic User Interface (OUI) as a means of describing the implications of non-flat display technologies on user interfaces of the future: paper computers, flexible form factors for computing devices, but also encompassing rigid display objects of any shape, with wrap-around, skin-like displays. The lecture was published a year later as part of a special issue on Organic User Interfaces in the Communications of the ACM. In May 2010, the Human Media Lab partnered with ASU's Flexible Display Center to produce PaperPhone, the first flexible smartphone with a flexible electrophoretic display. PaperPhone used bend gestures for navigating contents. Since then, the Human Media Lab has partnered with Plastic Logic and Intel to introduce the first flexible tablet PC and multi-display e-paper computer, PaperTab,at CES 2013, debuting the world's first actuated flexible smartphone prototype,

57 Department Name:- Computer Sci & Engg

Project Title “Hostel Allocation & Management System” Project Group 1. Tushar K. Singewar Members 2. Atharva A. Gharote 3. Mahesh V. Rathi 4. Abhiram S. Pande 5. Hitesh Tejwani Abstract The main purpose using computerized system is to avoid manual problem and also documentation storage problem, we can’t maintain long period data that’s why we used computerized system to overcome all the problems related to hostel data storing and other areas also. It needs to have one centralized system, which keeps, maintains and updates all the activities related to reputed Institutions hostel. Once you start growing, it’s really cumbersome to handle all the activities of the students as well as employee. Here comes The Hostel Allocation & Management System avoids maintaining the registry record keeping of the student data. This system will provide you automated recordkeeping mechanism with effectiveness and security. When you move forward with automation, you face few usual obstacles, such as cost, extra man powers and storage system also. This system will provide you long term of storage with security and automation. Thus, this system is the best solutions on how we can keep the data more efficient and safely Project Description: The portal will ask username, password to login for students, faculties and administrator of hostel. The username and password is provided to students and faculties by admin through the email /SMS. Student has facility to maintain and update his profile and can also change his password. He / She can’t assess any other student’s profile. Administrator has right to create and delete profile of student and faculty. He can assesses profile of any student and update it as well as change his password. Administrator can also change his own login password. Faculty members can only assess his profile and also student profile. Student has a facility to register for hostel allocation. Students have to fill the online form where they have to give room preferences along with last semester SGPA. On the basis of that the merit list is generated on the portal and the rooms are allocated to the students. Keywords Centralized hostel allocation ,User and admin credentials, Parameters based room allocation, Emil/SMS based allocation information system Technologies 1. Java Used 2. Spring Boot 3. Hibernate / JPA 4. PosgreSQL 5. Html, CSS, JavaScript. 58 6. IntelliJ IDEA Department Name:- Electrical Engineering

Project Title Design and Development of Campfire Stove Project Group 1. Shubham Derkar Members 2. Ejaj Pathan 3. Akshay Borkar 4. Gopal Raut 5. Ankita Mune 6. Maheshvari Chavhan Abstract Open fires or Conventional wood stoves are widely used in developing countries by about 2.5 billion people .These traditional stoves are characterized by low efficiency that results in inefficient use of scarce fuel-wood supplies .These Conventional wood stoves also lead to high emissions of health damaging air pollutants and smoke. Building clean and efficient cook stoves reduces carbon dioxide and methane emissions while providing social and health co benefits through reduced fuel consumption and reduced indoor air pollution. Again 1.6 billion people lack access to electricity in rural areas which is a real time problem. The proposed camp fire stove with thermoelectric generator operating on seebeck effect provides 4W to cover basic needs such as light and radio to these low-income populations living mostly in rural areas. Individual TE (thermoelectric) generators coupled with cook stoves are an interesting option to provide electricity. Keywords Seebeck effect, Thermoelectric Generator

Technologies Used It consists of heat exchanger, Thermoelectric generator, heat sink, cooling fan and usb port. 59 Project Title Automated Solar Panel Cleaning System

Project Group 1. Aditya Khedkar Members 2. Abhishek Sontakke 3. Abhishek Chaudhari 4. Vaishnavi Khandebharad 5. Vaishali Chawla 6. Ashwini Sawkare Abstract Solar energy is one of the leading renewable energy resources. The project is to create an automated solar panel cleaning and maintenance robot. If the dust over solar panel is not cleaned it leads to 35% loss in the efficiency. There is a huge increase in demand of solar power generation. With the increase in number of solar farms, the requirement of solar panel cleaning and maintenance has increased. Every panel needs to be cleaned once in a month. Some solar farms are at remote location, so, it becomes difficult to clean the panel.

Currently humans are employed for cleaning solar panels. With this project we look to create an automated self charging system by its own mini solar kit and water sprinkler for ease cleaning. It wouldn’t need pre-installations and would be completely waterproof with adjustable degrees of elevation of panels. A single robot can be used to clean multiple arrays. Keywords Renewable energy, Solar

Technologies Used It consists of roller brushes, wiper, solar kit, battery, water sprayer and microcontroller kit. 60 Department Name:- Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Project Title Smart Agriculture System using WSN(Wireless Sensor Network)

Project Group Members 1. Ajinkya Dholekar 2. Gaurav Burrewar 3. Hardik Sanganeria 4. Vaibhav Dixit

Abstract This project is basically designed to monitor some parameters like moisture and temperature at the farm remotely and then control various apparatus at farm like motors and valves remotely or automatically. We have also integrated a protection system for three phase motors at the farm. The sensor that we used are robust so as to sustain mechanical stresses at the farm. Keywords Smart agriculture, Wireless sensors, Increased efficiency Technologies Used Arduino Uno,ESP8266, GSM 900A, Moisture Sensor

61 Project Title Smart bed for health care monitoring system Project Group 1. Ashwini Pawar Members 2. Bhagyashree Pahanpatte 3. Bhagyashri Wani 4. Sandhya Solanke

Abstract Patients suffering from brain tumour, paralysis etc having long term term best rest needs attention from hospital staff and family members. As the 100% care is not possible by human being therefore we are proposing a smart bed for those patients which will reduce the work load of hospital staff and famlily members.

The patients which are suggested for long term bed rest have high chances of getting affected by pressure ulcer, so smart bed is mainly for the prevention of pressure ulcer. It is segmented into three parts which will be rotated using motor and also have sensors. Various biomedical features such as temperature, pulse rate can be measured and monitored alsoThe feature are

1.Reduce man power2. Low cost Keywords Smart bed , pressure ulcer

Technologies Used Arduino

62 Indian Society for Technical Education

Chairperson Chaitanya Jain Vice-Chairperson Suraj Pohekar Arati Tawari Chief-Editor (Macher-19) Aniket Fasate Secretary Vaishnavi Vyawahare Joint-Secretary Pooja Dabhade Treasurer Gaurav Makde Technical Advisor Abhijit Chaudhari Resource Manager Vinay Makade Event Manager Yash Dalal Publicity Manager Mayuri Chavan Membership Incharge Yash Gyanchandani Samruddhi Dhamande ,Karan Dhande, Technical team Parul Dongre, Hriday Raj Ojha Vijaya Podey, Natasha Bahel ,Mayuri Publicity team Kharche ,Komal Shukla, AnishRaj Singh Prakhar Gangrade, Prince Zod ,Sharayu Resource team Wakode Krutika Bhusari ,Aditi Mujmer, Nikita Event management team Janekar, Anjali Sharma, Krishna Salampuriya Mrunal Dhabale ,Kriti Untwal, Muskan Shukla ,Vaishnavi Chandak, Shrikrushna Executive members Thakre 63

Dr. S. B. Somani (Principal)

Prof. F. I. Khandwani (Faculty Advisor, ISTE SSGMCE)

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (3rd Year)

Team ISTE Student Chapter 18- 19 SSGMCE,Shegaon

64 ISTE-SSGMCE ISTE-SSGMCE ISTESSGMCE2018- [email protected]