1 Measurement in Science and Technology
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Practice of Ayurveda
PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA SWAMI SIVANANDA Published by THE DIVINE LIFE SOCIETY P.O. SHIVANANDANAGAR— 249 192 Distt. Tehri-Garhwal, Uttaranchal, Himalayas, India 2006 First Edition: 1958 Second Edition: 2001 Third Edition: 2006 [ 2,000 Copies ] ©The Divine Life Trust Society ISBN-81-7052-159-9 ES 304 Published by Swami Vimalananda for The Divine Life Society, Shivanandanagar, and printed by him at the Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy Press, P.O. Shivanandanagar, Distt. Tehri-Garhwal, Uttaranchal, Himalayas, India PUBLISHERS’ NOTE Sri Swami Sivanandaji. Maharaj was a healer of the body in his Purvashram (before he entered the Holy Order of Sannyasa). He was a born healer, with an extraordinary inborn love to serve humanity; that is why he chose the medical profession as a career. That is why he edited and published a health Journal “Ambrosia”. That is why he went over to Malaya to serve the poor in the plantations there. And, strangely enough, that is why, he renounced the world and embraced the Holy Order of Sannyasa. He was a healer of the body and the soul. This truth is reflected in the Ashram which he has established in Rishikesh. The huge hospital equipped with modern instruments was set up and the entire Ashram where all are welcome to get themselves healed of their heart’s sores and thoroughly refresh themselves in the divine atmosphere of the holy place. Sri Swamiji wanted that all systems of healing should flourish. He had equal love and admiration for all systems of healing. He wanted that the best of all the systems should be brought out and utilised in the service of Man. -
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Cover and section photo credits Cover Photo: “Untitled” by Nurus Salam is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 (Shangu River, Bangladesh). https://www.flickr.com/photos/nurus_salam_aupi/5636388590 Country Overview Section Photo: “village boy rowing a boat” by Nasir Khan is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasir-khan/7905217802 Disaster Overview Section Photo: Bangladesh firefighters train on collaborative search and rescue operations with the Bangladesh Armed Forces Division at the 2013 Pacific Resilience Disaster Response Exercise & Exchange (DREE) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. https://www.flickr.com/photos/oregonmildep/11856561605 Organizational Structure for Disaster Management Section Photo: “IMG_1313” Oregon National Guard. State Partnership Program. Photo by CW3 Devin Wickenhagen is licensed under CC BY 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/oregonmildep/14573679193 Infrastructure Section Photo: “River scene in Bangladesh, 2008 Photo: AusAID” Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is licensed under CC BY 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/dfataustralianaid/10717349593/ Health Section Photo: “Arsenic safe village-woman at handpump” by REACH: Improving water security for the poor is licensed under CC BY 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/reachwater/18269723728 Women, Peace, and Security Section Photo: “Taroni’s wife, Baby Shikari” USAID Bangladesh photo by Morgana Wingard. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usaid_bangladesh/27833327015/ Conclusion Section Photo: “A fisherman and the crow” by Adnan Islam is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Dhaka, Bangladesh. https://www.flickr.com/photos/adnanbangladesh/543688968 Appendices Section Photo: “Water Works Road” in Dhaka, Bangladesh by David Stanley is licensed under CC BY 2.0. -
Working Classes in Mughal India (1556-1605 A.D.)
Working Classes in Mughal India (1556-1605 A.D.) Rukhsana Iftikhar* Working Classes in Mughal India (1556-1605 A.D.) Abstract: India has always been considered a feudal society based on "Asiatic Model" as observed by Karl Marx in his letters of Tribune. So, the existence of feudal classes made the whole infrastructure of Indian economy. The other professional groups who generated their income on the basis of their skills are hardly mentioned in broader framework of Mughal Indian economy, although contemporary sources indicate the presence of agricultural and non-agricultural classes in Mughal India. Even the merchant classes have their link with the world commerce. In the theory of kingship these skilled-workers attached with royal palaces, imperial household, petty officials of the state, construction of the buildings, crafts, transportation and people belonging to other professions. This paper analyses the existence of various groups of skill - workers and their wages in the time of Mughal king Akbar (1556-1605). The assumption of stagnant social structure in India controlled by "Asiatic Despotism" tends to minimize through this study 1. It also indicates that consolidation of Akbar period provided opportunities for working classes to get a sustainable share or wages in his period. The production relations of Akbar's India although not turned into capitalist relations but it created possibilities to take an optimistic view of social change. Introduction: Society was not divided into classes, no concept of property, no state, no kingship, and no internal wars only tribal system was intact through petty tribal wars in India. As mode/Instruments of production grew, the concept of private property and classes emerged in the society. -
Cultures of Food and Gastronomy in Mughal and Post-Mughal India
Cultures of Food and Gastronomy in Mughal and post-Mughal India Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg vorgelegt von: Divya Narayanan Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Gita Dharampal-Frick Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Hans Harder Heidelberg, Januar 2015 Contents Acknowledgements............................................................................................... iii Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………… v Note on Transliteration………………………………………………………… vi List of Figures, Maps, Illustrations and Tables……………………………….. vii Introduction........................................................................................................... 2 Historiography: guiding lights and gaping holes………………………………… 3 Sources and methodologies………………………………………………………. 6 General background: geography, agriculture and diet…………………………… 11 Food in a cross-cultural and transcultural context………………………………...16 Themes and questions in this dissertation: chapter-wise exposition………………19 Chapter 1: The Emperor’s Table: Food, Culture and Power………………... 21 Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 21 Food, gender and space: articulations of imperial power………………………... 22 Food and the Mughal cityscape………………………………………………...... 35 Gift-giving and the political symbolism of food………………………………… 46 Food, ideology and the state: the Mughal Empire in cross-cultural context……...53 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...57 Chapter 2: A Culture of Connoisseurship……………………………………...61 Introduction………………………………………………………………………. -
MUGHALS and KASHMIR with Its ECONOMY (1586-1752 AD) Dr.Manzoor Ahmad
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 2, Ver. V (Feb. 2017) PP 59-68 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org MUGHALS and KASHMIR with its ECONOMY (1586-1752 AD) Dr.Manzoor Ahmad Abstract :- Kashmir constituted a significant unit of the mighty Mughal Empire. The Valley stood in the neighborhood of Kabul province which touched the borders of Central Asia. Multan and Lahore exist to its south and remained in connection with Punjab by various routes. The Valley experienced the rule of great rulers of the dynasty like Akbar, Jahangir, Shah-i-jahan and Aurangzeb. The occupation of the land by the Mughals ended its age long internal strife, provided uniform system of administration, abolished toll tax, improved and extended its routes, which together boosted the trade and commerce of the territory. Further the restoration of peace and noval changes introduced in the agrarian set up rehabilitated the shattered economy of the state. Though it immuned the rulers of the territory to spent their enormous wealth on the construction of monuments, gardens, development of health resorts and inns which in homogenous nature turned the land in the words of Mughal Emperor Jahangir a “Paradise on earth”, yet in the concluding epoch under its weak rulers e.g. Mohammad Shah (1719-1748) the Valley passed through agony especially the peasantry suffered due to the callous attitude of the revenue functionaries and the prevalent horrible taxation system. Keywords: - Paradise, Mir-i-Aab (water-distributor),Kharif(Autumn crops), Rabi(Spring crops, Kashta (ploughed), Uftada (unploughed),callous,Subedar,Khalisa,jagir,Maded-i-Mash,Karkhana. -
Literary Herald ISSN: 2454-3365 an International Refereed/Peer-Reviewed English E-Journal Impact Factor: 4.727 (SJIF)
www.TLHjournal.com Literary Herald ISSN: 2454-3365 An International Refereed/Peer-reviewed English e-Journal Impact Factor: 4.727 (SJIF) Economical Developments in Kashmir during Mughal rule (1586to 1752) Firdous Ahmad Tali Phd scholar in Dept. of History SSS University Of Technology And Medical Science Sehore, Bhopal Abstract Kashmir is an ancient land with the highest degree of civilization achieved by its people, its natural beauty and the sources made its neighbours cast covetous eyes to occupy it. People of this region took pride in their independence and self-realization but the weakness, instability led to its annexation by the Mughals in 1856. Though For some time it remained a part of the province of Kabul, Kashmir s assured under Jahangir the status of full-fledged province (subah) like other Mughal Indian province, The Kashmir lost their independence but their cultural, industrial, artistic and agricultural growth was not impeded but got a further fillip by the great change effected by its becoming a part of Mughal empire. The Mughal conquest of Kashmir in 1856A.D marked a new epoch the history of the land, breaking the long state of isolation, which introduced significant changes in the administrative machinery, ruling class, social set up, economic conditions, cultural intuitions. The impact of Mughal rule and the closer contacts of the people of the valley with rest of the country deeply affected the social life of Kashmir resulted in greater participation of the people of Kashmir in the corporate life of the empire. Keywords: Kharif (autumn crops), Rabi (spring crops), Kashta( ploughed),Uftada (unploughed), Karkhana INTRODUCTIION The Mughal rulers of India had covetous eye on Kashmir since the founder of the dynasty Baber, who tried to annex Kashmir but failed in his mission. -
Chapter VI 01 857..903
Part VI Data & Information COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 1 Units and Conversion Tables J. N. Wintgens and H. Waldburger 1.1 In any number where the decimal sign is Introduction placed before the first digit of the number, a zero should always precede it, e.g. 0.251 The many units of measurements used in and not .251. this book – not to mention among our dif- The combination of a prefix and a symbol ferent regions and cultures – reflect the fas- for a unit is regarded as a single symbol and cinating and beneficial diversity of our pla- the characters should be written with no net. Our daily work requires a wide variety space between them, e.g. cm and not c m. of information, often available only in dif- Note that the expression mm for the mi- ferent languages, and it all demands data cron (one-millionth of a meter) replaces in different units and in different orders m, the symbol often used previously. of magnitude. The work often becomes When writing the symbol for a derived cumbersome because of the very richness unit formed from several basic units, the of the means we use for measuring. individual symbols should be separated by While it is the purpose of Part VI, to pro- a solidus (/), a space or a line-centered vide the reader with the data and informa- dot (p), e.g. the unit for velocity—meters tion to render the quantitative part of their per second—is written m/s, m s–1,mps–1 work easier, this chapter is concerned spe- or mps, but not ms–1 (as ms would repre- cifically with the units of measurement. -
Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Air Conditioners»
SUPPLEMENT TO THE AIR CONDITIONERS POLICY GUIDE: «ACCELERATING THE GLOBAL ADOPTION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND CLIMATE-FRIENDLY AIR CONDITIONERS» MODEL REGULATION GUIDELINES — SEPTEMBER 2019 MODELSUPPORTING REGULATION INFORMATION GUIDELINES SEPTEMBER 2019 ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND CLIMATE-FRIENDLY AIR CONDITIONERS United Nations Environment Programme – Global Environment Facility | United for Efficiency (U4E) Acknowledgements The lead authors, Brian Holuj of UNEP’s United for Efficiency Initiative, Won Young Park and Nihar Shah of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and Noah Horowitz and Alex Hillbrand of the Natural Resources Defense Council would like to thank the following for their valuable contributions as reviewers: Rashid Ali Abdallah African Energy Commission Hee Jeong Kang Korea Refrigeration & Air Atef Marzouk African Union Commission - Energy Conditioning Assessment Center Division Jinho Yoo Korea Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Fatih Demiray Arçelik A.Ş. Assessment Center Marcello Padilla Chile Ministry of Energy Jun Young Choi Korea Testing Laboratory Li Pengcheng China National Institute of Virginie Letschert, LBNL Standardization Bum Young Kim LG Electronics Marie Baton CLASP Tony Hong LG Electronics Naomi Wagura CLASP Juan Rosales Mabe Hilde Dhont Daikin Europe Takashi Okazaki Mitsubishi Electric US Philipp Munzinger GIZ Fabio García Organización Latinoamericana de Miriam Frisch GIZ Energía (OLADE) Fred Ishugah East African Centre of Excellence for Jaime Guillén OLADE Renewable Energy and Efficiency Asad Mahmood Pakistan National Energy Efficiency Michael Kiza East African Centre of Excellence for & Conservation Authority Renewable Energy and Efficiency Sara Ibrahim Regional Center for Renewable Energy Charles Diarra ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Maged Mahmoud Regional Center for Renewable Viktor Sundberg Electrolux Energy and Energy Efficiency S.P. -
The Indian Silver Currency, an Historical and Economic Study;
^it/y^ >^',>> mm L«r\f ms»^ )^^ ECONOMIC STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO NUMBER ITI. NOW READY No. I. THE SCIENCE OF FINANCE Py GjjiAV Cohn. Translated from the German by Dr. T. 12 L. Veblen. 8vo. pp. + 800 ; price ^3.50 No. II. HISTORY OF THE UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY By Henry Kirke White IN PREPARATION No. IV. HISTORY OF THE LATIN UNION By Henry Parker Willis THE INDIAN SILVER CURRENCY AN HISTORICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY KARL ELLSTAETTER TRANSLATED BY J. LAURENCE LAUGHLIN HEAD PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CHICAGO Cf)e Unihtxsit^ of OT^icago ^Jress 1895 Copyrighted by THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 1895 Ctt SnibtrsitQ of CljicaQo ^rres — PREFACE. In the discussion about standards, to no country is more attention drawn than to India ; and rightly, since the fate of silver is to be decided, above all, in India. But, on this point, there exists in the Indian question considerable confusion, as in so many parts of the currency question. Many try to veil their lack of clearness under dogmatism ; and talk about axioms and elementary propositions of economics, which need no proof. I have tried to base my conclusions principally upon the official documents which have been published at the initiative of both the English and Indian authorities, without a priori conceptions and in the interest of no economic or political party whatever,— for which one is unfortunately always obliged to give assurance in the discussion of the currency. It is not consonant with the spirit of a scientific work to intro- duce into the field of investigation matters which cannot yet be grasped in their entirety, and upon which those closest at hand cannot yet form any judgment. -
A Synchronization of Measurement and Instrumentation Between Vedic and Modern Period
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 7, (2020), pp. 9960-9972 A Synchronization of Measurement and Instrumentation between Vedic and Modern Period 1 2 3 Prakash Chandra Mishra , Shakti Prasad Senapati , Dr. Shrish Kumar Tiwari 1 Assistant in Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, MJP, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P-243006, INDIA, Email:[email protected] 2Assistant Professor in Department of EEE, Darbhanga College of Engineering, Darbhanga, Bihar-846005, INDIA 3Lecture in Department of Commerce Allahabad Degree College, Allahabad, U.P-211005, INDIA Abstract: In this paper, an intense and precise approach has been adopted by the authors to enlighten ancient measurement systems of weight, time, distance, spectrum of light, colour, speed of light, and some other parameters that have an important and valuable role in our day to day behaviour. Further a small effort has been made to link the current measurement systems with the primitive (of Vedic era) Indian measurement systems. This paper explains the concept of Vedic period measurement technology, and it's simple and suitable measuring instruments which was very adorable in India and as well as globally. These measurement systems were delightfully appreciated due to its simplicity, accuracy, and universality in nature. Along with this, some discussions in the modern CGS and MKS systems have also been sprinkled out for better understanding in both of the Vedic and modern measurement techniques. The authors also want to state the technologies in the Vedic period which was so advanced in the field of measurements such as the speed of sunlight was calculated, sunlight is the combination of seven colours was mentioned, number of planets which represent a day already told and many more. -
Appendix B Country and State Codes
SEER Program Coding and Staging Manual 2018 Appendix B Country and State Codes Appendix B: Country and State Codes SEER Program Coding and Staging Manual 2018 Table of Contents Appendix B1: Alphabetic Code List by Country/State ............................................................................... B-1 Appendix B2: Alphabetic List by Code ..................................................................................................... B-8 Appendix B3: Geographic Code List ....................................................................................................... B-15 Appendix B4: Custom Codes for Historic Use Only ................................................................................ B-22 Appendix B: Country and State Codes SEER Program Coding and Staging Manual 2018 Appendix B1 Alphabetic Code List by Country/State Name of Country/State ISO Country USPS State Code Code Afghanistan AFG XX 1 Africa, NOS ZZF YY Alabama USA AL Aland Islands ALA XX Alaska USA AK Albania ALB XX Alberta CAN AB Algeria DZA XX American Samoa ASM AS Andorra AND XX Angola AGO XX Anguilla AIA XX Antarctica ATA XX Antigua and Barbuda ATG XX Argentina ARG XX Arizona USA AZ Arkansas USA AR Armed Forces Americas USA AA Armed Forces Canada, Europe, Middle East, Africa USA AE Armed Forces Pacific USA AP Armenia ARM XX Aruba ABW XX Asia, NOS1 ZZA YY Australia AUS XX Austria AUT XX Azerbaijan AZE XX Bahamas BHS XX Bahrain BHR XX Bangladesh BGD XX Barbados BRB XX Belarus BLR XX Belgium BEL XX Belize BLZ XX Benin BEN XX Bermuda BMU XX Bhutan -
Population Dynamic and Biological Aspects of Scombermorus Commerson in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Iranian Coastal)
Population dynamic and biological aspects of Scombermorus commerson in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Iranian coastal) M. Darvishi 1, F. Kaymaram 2, A. Salarpouri 1, S. Behzadi 1,B. Daghooghi 1 1- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute 2- Iranian Fisheries Research Organization Bandar abbas-I.R.Iran P.Box 79145-1597 [email protected] Abstract Scombermorus commerson is one of the most important and commercial species in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In order to come up with the responsible fishing pattern, there was a need to identify some of the biological characteristics and population dynamic parameters. Data were collected randomly from five major traditional fish-landing sites Chabahar, Jask , Bandar Abbas, Bandar Lengeh and Parsian in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea coastal(I.R.Iranian EEZ), from October 2006 to September 2007. The average of fork length estimated 79cm. The b parameters in both female and male in this present study (W = a.FL b ) were close to 3 and indicating that S. commerson has isometric growth. The growth parameters of L ∞ and K were computed 175.26(cm) and 0.45 (1/ year) respectively and result showed that S. commerson grew very fast in the first 2 years. These parameters indicated that S. commerson is found to attain a fork length of 63cm at the end of first year. The fork length attained at the end of 2, 3 and 4 year to be 104, 129 and 146 cm respectively. Growth performance index ( ǿ) calculated 4.1 which were in agreement with the finding of the other studies in the Indian Ocean.