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Volume-02 ISSN: 2455-3085 (Online) Issue-01 RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary January-2017 www.rrjournals.com

Leadership by Political Quotient: Case Study of Narendra Modi

Sunil Bhatt1st and Dr. Kiran Pandya2nd 1Joint President & Spokesperson, Dahej Industrial Association (DIA), Dahej, Gujarat (India) 2Professor & Head, Department of HRD, VNSGU, Surat, Gujarat (India)

ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History Political Quotient of the leader is required as the new leadership challenges demands a Received: 22 December 2016 profitable growth and development of the government, business and society by working Accepted: 03 January 2017 together with all three, thereby providing better lives for future generations. This paper Published Online: 05 January 2017 firstly attempts to chart out what Political Quotient is, and then it presents the 3 Keywords Stakeholders. The paper further gives the PQ Framework and also lists out the various Leadership facets of PQ Leadership. The next section charts out in brief the sketch of Narendra Political Quotient Modi’s Perspective and Narendra Modi as person. Finally the paper then compares the Narendra Modi perspective & person of Narendra Modi viz-a-viz the PQ Stakeholders & PQ Facets. Political Leadership

INTRODUCTION effect of creative leadership and organisation support brought in positive outcomes in terms of ideas and implementation It has always been an area of interest for scholars and increasing effectiveness & efficiency (Lowenberger, researchers to know the relevance of leadership qualities and Newton, & Wick, 2014). Leadership has gained so much attributes which makes and shapes a leader. attention and accolades are because of its utility to the organisation, irrespective of the type of organisation. The In the words of Theo Haimann “Leadership is the process performance of modern organisation is different from the by which a leader imaginatively directs, guides and influences traditional companies and organisations performance is the work of others in attaining specified goals”. Leadership is directly influenced by the leader‟s performance (Liu, Zhang, an influential process. The leader is in a position to shape, Tian, & Peng, 2006). regulate, control and change the attitudes, behavior and performance of his team. Also, team has to be in line with High leadership performance is a fusion of skill, leader‟s desires and directions thereby keeping aside their own behaviour and strategic vision of leaders (Liu, Zhang, Tian, judgments and discretions. A leader establishes a relationship & Peng, 2006). The acceptance of a potential team leader with his team members with interpersonal and a social depends on the perception of the team members regarding interactions which creates a greater synergy and a the potential team leader‟s 5 aspects viz. leader‟s domain collaboration. competence, fluid intelligence, willingness to serve, credibility, and goal attainment. The person perceived to be Here an attempt has been made to relate the leadership better on these 5 fronts as per the required situation is likely qualities of Shri Narendra Modi with the Political Quotient to emerge as the team leader. (Norton Jr, Murfield, & (PQ) Model as given by Reffo & Wark (Reffo & Wark, 2014). Baucus, 2014). As per Meyer & Slechta leadership has 5 pillars viz. Crystalised thinking, plans & balance, passion & Competencies and relevance would be checked with the desire, confidence & Trust, and Communication & initiatives taken by him during his reign as CM of Gujarat and Responsibility (Meyer & Slechta, 2013). Yet another aspect now PM of India. It talks much about the leadership impact of Leader is discussed by Grooves and he argues that Leaders which had made the governance working in the government with good emotional expressivity were strongly related with and has helped the society and citizens to have better quality of visionary leadership (Groves, 2006). While for being life and hassle free benefits of government schemes. His reign effective leader the foremost quality has been highlighted by has controlled the corruption by putting more transparent Singh & Rathore and they mention that the effective leader‟s transactions and declarations of achievements and policies. values are based on their ethical choices and decisions they make. Ethical leadership plays an important role in creating LITERATURE REVIEW an ethical climate of the organisation. This paper explores the imperative ethical leadership and the manner in which it is Harvard University Strategic Unit in its working paper manifested in universities and research organizations in India suggests that there is no point in arguing that “does leadership (Singh & Rathore, 2014). matter?” and suggests not to debate on “leadership proponent” or “constraints approach”, rather one should consider only the Asfraf & Iqbal discusses about new quality of leaders viz. contingent opportunities view which states “when leadership Political Intelligence, they argue that Political Intelligence matters?”. Additionally they conclude they conclude that the can help facilitate organisational change effectively. The best leadership emerges when resources are scarce, and times politically intelligent leaders are capable of steering the are tough (Wasserman, Noharia, & Anand, 2011). difficult times during organizational change using his Loewnberger et al conclude that leadership is crucial even in political intelligence (Ashraf & Iqbal, 2011). rigid bureaucratic structure. They further prove that a combined

Reffo & Wark brings forth another aspect of Leadership “The country works better with business and government viz. Political Quotient (PQ). PQ is the leadership capacity to actively working together to promote growth and broadly interact strategically in a world where government, business shared prosperity”, President Obama once mentioned in and wider society share power to shape the future in a global September 2012. “Business is not just about making money, economy (Reffo & Wark, 2014). The word „Political as vital as that is; it‟s the most powerful force for making Intelligence‟ origins from the Greek word Politikos which social progress the world has ever known‟, said UK Prime means or relates to citizens: civic. Relationship between Minister David Cameroon in 2012. citizens, government and business are deeply connected with Political Quotient. PQ is for leaders with insight, vision and Muhtar believed that the complex issues facing the world humility to recognize that they are working within a wider have to be addressed from within the „Golden Triangle‟. He system (Reffo & Wark, 2014). These leaders share the power further emphasized that business leaders must search for together with 3 interrelated & interconnect aspects viz. multiple solutions to multiple problems‟ and deliver „better Government, Business and Society to provide better outcomes outcomes‟ for customers, consumers and government – both to the citizens and future generations. (Reffo & Wark, 2014) national and local. It is needed by the leaders at large from all the sectors and segments of the government, businesses and society as well. It Often we observe that for many leaders in government is for the leaders are involved in preparing and implementing and business, this approach will not be usual as they have the public policies and at the same time deliverance as an grown up with the belief that government governs and outcome of it. Business leaders have to be competent for business makes money. Hence two don‟t cross over. growth and sustenance of their businesses. NGO administrators However, Muhtar said „there is a hard business outcome and trustees too need it as it is more of a co-operative hanging in the balance. Consumers want to know and organization where the decision making is more of a understand the character of a company if there is a big gap participatory nature. It is, in fact needed by all the aspiring and between public expectation and reality, you‟re in trouble‟. emerging leaders of all sectors of government, business and society at large. THE PQ LEADERSHIP MAP

PQ TRIANGLE Leaders who have high levels of PQ stand out as successful in all fields. The model describes the CEO of Coca-Cola Company, Mr Muhtar Kent said competencies and processes that are used in harmony, “Government can‟t do it alone. For capitalism to thrive, it has comprise „Politically Intelligent‟ leadership (i.e. PQ to connect all stakeholders and not just shareholders”. He leadership). It has been found what best leaders does, may describes it as „Golden Triangle‟. flag the path for other leaders as well. The following model has been designed based on the experience of coaching Figure-1 PQ Triangle senior leaders, executive education and human resource management.

Figure 2 shows the PQ leadership Map. It represents the stakeholders are suggested in PQ triangle in first column. The next column lists out the challenges faced by respective aspect for each Stakeholder of PQ Triangle. This is then followed by the nature of solution needed for the challenges faced. The next column lists out what are the outcomes for the stakeholders due to positive solution for the challenges. While the last column shows the beneficiaries for the aforesaid challenges through the aforesaid solutions.

Figure-2: PQ Leadership Map

Characteristics of the Better stakeholder Stakeholders Challenges Beneficiaries solutions outcomes  More complexity  International solutions  Societal progress  Citizens  Less control  Innovative solutions  Longevity  Future  Less resource  Long-term solutions  Legitimacy generations

Government  Immediate  Viable solutions  Stability judgement by  Partnership 24/7 media  Loss of citizen confidence  Unsustainable  Creative solutions  Profit  Shareholders products and  Ethical solutions  Longevity  Employees services  Reputation  Legitimacy  Customers Business  More scrutiny enhancement  Value  Consumers  Higher consumer  Long-term solutions expectations  Partnership  Consumer power Society  Climate  Sustainable solutions  Better lives  Us

 Resource  International  Better communities  Our children availability agreements  Better futures  Future  Security  Long-term solutions generations  Equality  Accountability  Corporate and  Ability to contribute political excess Source: (Reffo & Wark, 2014)

This model provides to the leaders stakeholders, challenges, solution needed, and the beneficiaries. This can act as guiding star to leaders to enable business, government and society to work together to deliver profit, growth and better life for future generation.

PQ MODEL FACETS world a better place for future generations. Trust Further PQ model has got five facets and each of them has  Consistently behaves with integrity and honesty five indicators which are further elaborated and explained.  Acts ethically, transparently and inclusively Figure 3 give the 5 facets of PQ Model while Figure 4 gives  Values and puts efforts into projects and relationships that the list of various indicators for each of the 5 facets. deliver long term and societal benefits.  Manages competing interest without compromising trust. Figure-3 PQ Model Facets  Establishes a track record for delivering results.

Versatility  Changes track to fit the new demand ranging from crisis to evolution  Exercise self command to calibrate responses and pace change to fit the circumstances.  Maintains focus and strength of purpose, brings rigour and discipline to measurement of results  Exudes confidence, at ease and in touch with what others need  Recognizes political reality; knows when to push and when to concede and works with the politics to achieve objectives Source: (Reffo & Wark, 2014)

Futurity NARENDRA MODI – PERSON & PERSPECTIVE  Shapes the future vision: Reflective, well informed, thinks holistically, spots the patterns, makes connections with the In this section we make an attempt to understand Shri present Narendra Modi as a person, and then look at his decisions to  Sets a strategic direction: identifies patterns, mobilize and understand his perspective, and then list few verifiable aligns stakeholders performances during his reign as CM of Gujarat and PM of  Registers changing currents: Resets delivery to seize India. opportunities and handle risk

 Balances different ways of thinking: Analytical and innovative, strategic and operational Narendra Modi – A Perspective

 Delivers the future vision by bringing focus and clarity to complex decision making and driving implementation Modi must have experienced brush with bureaucracy as an ordinary citizen, as a chief minister and now as a Prime Power minister. Like every ordinary citizen, he would have  Understands where power and influence reside in each certainly encountered a slothful indifferent and even hostile stakeholder group. Builds and nurtures relevant networks bureaucracy which retains its colonial and feudal traits. and relationships.  Takes opportunities to influence and advance future vision. As an administrator with formidable experience in  Acts courageously, takes risks and upholds ethics. Gujarat and now at the national level, Modi knows it too well  Influences stakeholders by combining charisma purpose. that the bureaucracy is the essential instrument of the  Understands complexities and explains it simply and delivery of the government schemes which cannot be done memorably. away with. In his stint as Gujarat CM, Modi devised various innovative ways of disabusing the civil servants „Master of Empathy with Purpose all they survey‟ notion and made them facilitators of the  Studies key stakeholders: seize and feels the world from government agenda. He organized events all over the state to their perspective and does thinks that they value. make civil servants the governments interface with the  Relates to wider society: culturally competent and people. After his being PM, it is the first time that a respectful. monitoring of government schemes and projects is being  Builds share empathy; attracts others through values, undertaken at the highest level. It apparently may not appear behaviors and innovations. as a major breakthrough but the exercise has certainly put  Inspires passion and commitment from other stakeholders civil servants on their toes to perform. to the shared project.  Feels empathy towards humanity and acts to make the

Not only for the Bureaucrats, Narendra Modi has also “In turn, I tweeted to pledge our support to the prime worked from the perspective of the Industries for making minister‟s agenda for economic growth,” Kim said while business easy, what they call as the ease of doing business in apprising his staff about his India visit. Kim‟s appreciation India. Narendra Modi as PM largely borrowed from his own for Modi comes at a time when India‟s emphasis on campaigns when he coined the slogan „Maximum governance developing infrastructure, particularly 100 smart cities, with minimum government‟. The explicit meaning of the would require enormous funds. Extending India‟s logic of slogan is apparently to throw the monkey off your back and opening world economies for workforces, Modi urged Kim reduce the over bearing and intrusive nature of bureaucracy. to develop a roadmap to identify global demand for skills. Modi‟s minimum government does not mean either reducing Kim‟s eulogy for Modi is particularly important as it comes the size of the government or bypassing the established after the formation of the New Development Bank by BRICS structure. Far from it, there are all indications that the PM has (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) as an been placing excessive reliance on civil servants and instrument to spur growth in these nations (Kim, 2014). persuading them to deliver the government‟s agenda. He has attempted to remodel himself, fashioning himself Narendra Modi as CM of Gujarat made it compulsory for as a statesman-in-the-making. In the process, however, there all the Gram Talati to be present for at least 8 hours every have been divergent trends. For instance, inviting the working day for the citizens. Each Talati office was made Pakistan prime minister for the swearing-in ceremony was as available with Computer, Internet Connectivity & working surprising as withdrawing from the foreign secretary-level landline phone. To ensure availability and diligent working at talks. each Talati office, Modi would make random calls on landline to check availability of Talati officers in the office. Not only Modi has brought in focus on development of the country this each and every Talati officers had to daily log data of their which would affect, attract and encourage a lot of youth work done in computer, which could be assessed by CM office though his 2 visionary projects viz. Digital India & Start-up due to the internet connectivity. India-Standup India.

As CM of Gujarat he has contributed immensely in Girl The overarching message of his first 100 days is that the Child Education. During his reign there has been a visible new Modi is a man above partisan lines, working untiringly positive change in the enrollment as well as completion of Girl only for the good of the country. Gone are the belligerent Child education. attacks on the Delhi sultanate and shrill calls for a Congress free India. Gone are the days when he constantly sought to A notable area of the Gujarat Model is the electrification of hog the headlines with controversial remarks. Instead, he the 18000 villages. Not only electricity to villages, the seeks to take everybody along. industries also get uninterrupted electricity has been a standout area against any other state or CM. To take maximum He is positively avoiding the media. There is no harping advantage of solar energy efforts had been made to use solar on divisive communal symbols. His single-minded focus is lights in few villages. A major issue for using solar energy for on governance, on revamping the administrative machinery electricity is the availability of land for installing the solar and making it work for development – something he has panels. Modi government came with an uncanny creative been credited with in his earlier role. solution by installing solar panels over the canals. He is bringing in innovative ideas (how surprising that Talking about creative solutions, an unprecedented program nobody before him thought of launching a campaign for was launched to generate more funds for government. It was toilets!). He is ready for radical departures (his predecessor the LPG Subsidy Give-Up Program. They were motivated to too spoke of revamping the planning commission, but contribute for nation development by surrendering their LPG nobody so far had the guts to fold it up). He is prepared to go subsidy. It is estimated that over 30 lakh people have already beyond party politics, and continue bright ideas of the surrendered their LPG subsidy. previous government (Aadhaar being a prime example). This brighter side of the story formed the tone and tenor of Modi‟s A new scheme of Modi Sarkar is to establish new National Independence Day speech – the best by any PM in recent Career Centers which would transform the current work of decades, according to many commentators. Employment Exchanges. These Career Centres would connect the youth as well as all the job seekers with a transparent A new energy seems to be unleashed from the very top, portal. These technologically driven Career Centers would also and countless people across the country are infected, taking provide required career counseling and training. The all new Modi‟s ways as a matter of inspiration. That is what leaders Technology Driven National Career Service Portal will provide are supposed to deliver, right? For one‟s vote, what more information about vacancies and notifications to all the could one have expected? registered job seekers across the country. But then there is the other side of the story. To begin PM Narendra Modi has found yet another admirer, and the with, Modi is turning decentralization of power upside down. gentleman operates from Washington, DC. No, it‟s not B Fine, that is the price to be paid for a strong leader. In the Obama; it‟s Jim Yong Kim, the Korean-American president of government, as well as in the party, there is no place for the DC-headquartered World Bank. Kim, who met Modi on veterans. Well, veterans never could deliver such a dramatic July 23 – the initially scheduled-for-15-minutes meet went on election result. Dealing with what can be called the main for 45 minutes – has described the meeting as “one of the most opposition on the matter of naming the leader of opposition inspiring meetings I have had as the president of the World and the building friction with the judiciary would have been Bank group”. In a letter to the PM‟s office subsequently, Kim handled with tact by any other government. This is why the praised Modi‟s hands-on approach and referred to the PM‟s adjective „brutal‟ sticks to „majority‟ in such cases. But more tweet about developing the World Bank as “information bank”. worrying is the trend of hardcore Hindutva elements. For the

© RRIJM 2015, All Rights Reserved 12 | P a g e Volume-02, Issue-01, January-2017 RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary sake of argument, the case of the communal cauldron called September, 2014 to encourage the investors to manufacture Uttar Pradesh can be put aside, because it is a complicated case in India. He initiated with an aim of turning India into a involving much more than just the BJP factor. But the remarks manufacturing centre like China to leverage the employment and actions of people ranging from Dina Nath Batra to Mohan opportunities for the youngsters aspiring for their careers. Bhagwat, who want to convince others that India is a Hindu Cabinet announced 49% Foreign Direct Investment in the nation, unnerve a majority of those who voted for Modi. They defense manufacturing and 100% in railways infrastructure. voted for him on the hope of clean and efficient governance, It was not allowed anything in railways. 25 sectors are and ignored the saffron streak. allowed with 100% FDI barring 74% in defense (aerospace) and 26% in news media. Now defense manufacturing will be Modi too is now ignoring this saffron baggage, not asking made possible in India in this initiative. Licenses are issued them to pipe down. This duality of development with for production of artillery weapons, armored vehicles, and Hindutva, often called Moditva, has been the essence of the underwater systems. Even private players have been given man so far. Is he changing? The first 100 days provide thin permission of ancillary production for helicopters and other evidence for either answer. To give the busiest man in India the defense weapons. Government has also planned five benefit of doubt, yes, it is just 100 days. In the remaining term, industrial and economic corridors which and they are on their as he works hard to mould India‟s reality, rest assured that way of implementation in a planed manner in various stages. India‟s reality too would be moulding him. They are Chennai – Bengaluru, Delhi – Mumbai, Visakhapatnam-Chennai, Koltaka – Amritsar and Mumbai- Mr Modi initiated a vision of Mahatma Gandhi called Bengaluru. To facilitate investors, government has created a „Swachh Bharat‟ for clean India and make it happen by 2019 single window clearance kind of system which allows i.e. 150th birth anniversary in 2019. After Modi launched this manufacturer to get consents with least documentation and scheme, many celebrities from all around has joined it and much speedy approval to have „Doing a business at ease‟ displayed the commitment by doing it themselves in the streets. concept in place. Companies like Hitachi is poised to invest „Swachha Bharat‟ has become a popular brand as usual being more by putting an auto component plant in Chennai by 2016 initiative of Modi and has sent a strong message that and would increase its employee‟s strength in India from cleanliness is everyone‟s duty. In the year 2014-15 50 lacs 10,000 to 13,000. Government has made many MOUs with toilets have already been built as said by Finance minister Mr different countries especially for manufacturing of defense Arun Jaitley. He confidently said that the target of 6 crores equipments. A series of events as he did in „Vibrant Gujarat‟ toilets would be made in the much needed urban areas. 1000 during his tenure as a CM, „Make in India‟ is also very well crores rupees have been committed by big corporate like conceptualized e.g. there is a Make in India week from 13th ONGC, IOC, and GAIL followed by World Bank aid of Rs. to 18th February, 2016. 240 crores in the next five years. A total estimated budget of Rs. 1,34,000 crores has been projected to have 11.11 crores Mr Modi after coming to the power, he immediately toilets which will include both urban and tribal areas. Also, announced to build 100 smart cities by 2022. 100 smart cities government has decided to outsource the SBM publicity is to step in the future of modernized India. It may be called campaign to a professional agency for next four years with as a citizen friendly city where in basic infrastructure like allocation of Rs 200 crores for awareness of the people. elevated roads, sewage/garbage treatment plant. The aim is to provide basic infrastructure to give a decent quality of life to Mr Modi after taking the reign in his hands, first launched the citizens. To choose smart cities, a criterion of selection one of his first initiative called „Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan may include revenues, expenditure, and availability of urban Yojana‟ (PMJDY), which is a flagship scheme and it had a lot infrastructure among others. to link with NDA government promises and success as well. While launching it, he had a meeting with his bureaucrats and The cabinet has already approved Rs. 48,000 crores for bank officials himself and asked them to make it happen in few the execution of this initiative. Cabinet has also additionally months while his bureaucrats were targeting it in 2 years time. approved Rs. 50,000 crores for the Atal Mission for He is hard task master and at the same time he motivates them Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), aimed aptly. One of the bureaucrats was called by Mr Modi with file at urban renewal of 500 cities. Under 100 smart cities of PMJDY to review the progress. The officer was under initiative, selected cities will be given Rs. 100 crores each impression that he would be fired due to non-performance and year for five years. The first list of 20 smart cities has already delay. To his surprise Mr Modi talked with him nicely and said been released by Mr Venkaih Naidu, Minister of Urban please try your best for the nation. This is a national cause for development. the down-trodden people of our country and this would be a best opportunity for you to serve the nation. A miracle Mr. Modi announced the clean Ganga mission soon after happened that he announced this scheme on August 15, 2014 he took over as PM of India. The aim is to clean up the river and by April, 2015 15.30 crores Jan Dhan accounts were for restoring Ganga‟s pristine glory. It is the intention and opened and approximately 70,000 Crores were deposited in the determination is reflecting in such a way that the water account. It became a world record to have maximum opening ministry is now being called as “Ministry of water resource , of number of bank accounts in shortest possible time. This was River development and Ganga rejuvenation “ Government is followed by three more schemes called: Pradhan Mantri determent to the level that it has told even supreme court that Suraksha Bima Yojana and Pradhan Mantri Jivan Jyoti Bima by 2018 the river would be cleaned. The latest budget Yojana. Also Atal pension yojana is taking care of senior allocated by the ministry of water resource is Rs. 4173 crores citizens providing them social security in old age. and out of this half of the amount has been reserved for the Ganga. In the year 2015 donations were under the Mr Modi is well known for his industrialization / exemptions under the income tax act given as a donation to economical initiatives since his reign as CM of Gujarat and he the clean Ganga fund. Under Namami Gange program the made Gujarat model a successful which paved his way to reach cabinet approve Rs. 20,000 crores for the next five years to Prime Minister of India. He launched „Make in India‟ in announce on may 2013. This funds would largely be utilized

© RRIJM 2015, All Rights Reserved 13 | P a g e Volume-02, Issue-01, January-2017 RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary for infrastructures like new sewage treatment plants, river front and state. This is evident in his speeches, when he dresses up development and controlling the agricultural runoff and like the community he visits, this is evident from his address eradicating open defecation in cities and villages on the river of the very crux of problems of each community he visits, banks. There are as many as 118 cities on the bank of river this is evident from the language he uses during his speech. Ganga who passes through. There are many cities who are not having any STPs in place. The present lord of sewage water on Relating to each community is not limited to just India, Ganga is 3847 million liters per day against which only 879 he has touched the Indians as well as foreigners in his every MLD capacity STPS are in existence. The commitment by Mr. visit. He gives ample importance to the local religion, Modi sparks from an allocation of Rs. 20,000 crores for next monuments and culture. All this but keeping up 100% with five years against Rs. 25000 crores spent in last 30 years for Indian values and culture. Delevering speech in Hindi in prevention of pollution and clean Ganga. foreign country has been unprecedental.

Mr. Modi conceptualized transforming India through He has devised a novel way to reach to every rural area (National Institution for Transforming India Ayog (NITI) by through Mann ki Baat. No PM hitherto has reached and scrapping planning commission concept of previous address common man so much through Mann ki Baat where government. The difference in planning commission is that PM he address issues from Swacch Bharat, whishing for and bureaucrats were occupying the dais and Chief Ministers examinations and wishes for every festival across the country were audience. Mr. Modi changed this where PM and CMs are & religion. No doubt he reached to the heart to the common sitting at the same level. To have a better collaboration between man. states and center NITI has been restructured where in there is a panel of CM‟s from 11 states who would meet and discuss the They say leaders must act by example. While taking allocation of funds and arbitrary cuts in centrally sponsored work from the Government Babu‟s he sets the example by schemes (CSS). There are sub groups of CM‟s who are himself. No one works as hard as he does in the entire working on initiatives like Swachh Bharat and Skill ministry. Modi sleeps only for 2.5 hours, and according to development. This inclusiveness approach of PM would sources he say his next target is to reach upto ZERO Sleep. defiantly cut down the differences between center and state and He says he wants to do this to serve his country. would bring open and transparent (co-operative federalism ) PM invited CM‟S on 7th December 2014 for exchanging of the His supports and staunch followers do not see him as just thoughts and views to reform the future planning commission a political leader, they say he is a true Karma Yogi. He lives who operates the agenda like strategic planning on innovation a yogic life – doing regular yoga, following the Yama and knowledge and funds allocation. Normally states are asked Niyama, strict diet, pure vegetarian food intake and so on. to implement the policy decisions but here states are also Even on his visit to US and meet with Obama during invited to give their opinions and concerns in formulating the Navratri, due to his Navratri fast, he only lived on Lemo policies. Juice.

Narendra Modi – A Person After signing a clutch of deals with the PM of Japan, Modi wowed the world with his versatility when he played The above mentioned section highlighted the perspective of Japanese Taiko drums in Japan. Narendra Modi about his political leadership. This section tries to describe Modi as a person. PQ MODEL & MODI

Narendra Modi is highly appreciated for his ability to The paper here finally summarizes various Modi remember not only faces but also names of any person he has Perspectives & Person to that of PQ Triangle Stakeholders meet, even in distant past. He has a mesmerizing speech which and the respective PQ Facets giving a bird‟s eye view of the can move masses and impress classes. efforts and effect of Modi‟s PQ Leadership.

He has visited every nook and corner of India. He personally knows the culture and challenges of each village

Figure 5: PQ Model & Narendra Modi

Person / Sr. No. Topic PQ Stakeholders Facets Perspective

Maximum governance with minimum 1 Perspective Business Futurity government

2 Civil Servant Perspective Society Power 3 World bank as information bank Perspective Government Empathy with Purpose Inviting Pakistan Prime Minister to PM 4 oath ceremony + PM's Surprise Visit to Perspective Government Futurity Pakistan 5 No attacks on Congress Perspective Government Versatility 6 Positively avoiding media Perspective Government Versatility

NITI Ayog (scrapping planning 7 Perspective Government Futurity commission) 8 Ignoring saffron baggage Perspective Government Versatility 9 Opening world economies for workforces Perspective Society Futurity 10 Campaign of Toilets Perspective Society Empathy with Purpose 11 Aadhaar Perspective Society Power 12 Swacch bharat Perspective Society Empathy with Purpose 13 6 Crore Toilet Perspective Society Empathy with Purpose 14 Jan Dhan Yojna Perspective Society Empathy with Purpose 15 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Yojna Perspective Society Empathy with Purpose 16 PM Jivan jyoti bima yojna Perspective Society Empathy with Purpose 17 Atal Pension Yojna Perspective Society Empathy with Purpose 18 Make in India Perspective Business Futurity 19 Defence mfg in India Perspective Government Futurity 20 5 Industrial and economic corridor Perspective Business Futurity 21 Single window like system for business Perspective Business Futurity 22 100 smart cities Perspective Society Futurity

Atal mission for rejuvenation and urban 23 Perspective Society Futurity transformation (AMRUT)

24 Clean Ganga Mission Perspective Society Trust 25 Namami Gange Perspective Society Empathy with Purpose

National Institution for Transforming India 26 Perspective Government Power Ayog (NITI)

27 Skill Development Perspective Society Futurity 28 Reporting system (Talati) Perspective Society & Government Futurity 29 National Central Portal for unemployed Perspective Society & Business Futurity 30 Digital India Perspective Society Futurity 31 Startup India. Standup India Perspective Society & Business Futurity 32 Give up LPG Subsidy Perspective Government Power 33 Girl Child Education Perspective Society Futurity 34 Electricity in all Villages in Gujarat Perspective Society Futurity 35 Continuous Electricity to Industries Perspective Business Futurity 36 Solar Panels over Canal Perspective Society & Government Versatility 37 Mann ki baat Person Society Power 38 Visit to various countries Person Government & Business Power 39 Speech Person - Power 40 Yogic life Person - Trust 41 Vegetarian Person - Trust 42 Works a lot Person - Trust 43 Speech in Hindi in foreign country Person - Power Visit to national monuments & respecting 44 Person Government Empathy with Purpose their culture Greeting all community & their festival in 45 Person Society Empathy with Purpose speech & Mann ki Baat Wearing clothes which match with the 46 Person - Empathy with Purpose community being visited

47 Playing Japanese Drum Person - Versatility

CONCLUSION

We have seen from the PQ model that how leader can utilize it to demonstrate the change for the effective governance of government, businesses and society. While looking at the initiatives and schemes launched by Mr Modi, evidently visibility of PQ leadership is seen. Study of PQ model, stakeholders, framework and facets give us the immediate reflection as to how Mr Modi has been acting and implementing nearer to what we saw in this model. The paper clearly shows how Modi has covered each of the 3 Stakeholders widely & vividly. While going though all the facet and indicators of each of them, there is an obvious relevance of concepts but more into the actions of him on ground reality. While working on all these 3 stakeholders and through all the 5 Facets, it can be deducted that Modi has been performing and is addressing the challenges of each stakeholder.

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