Volume-02 ISSN: 2455-3085 (Online) Issue-01 RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary January-2017 www.rrjournals.com Leadership by Political Quotient: Case Study of Narendra Modi Sunil Bhatt1st and Dr. Kiran Pandya2nd 1Joint President & Spokesperson, Dahej Industrial Association (DIA), Dahej, Gujarat (India) 2Professor & Head, Department of HRD, VNSGU, Surat, Gujarat (India) ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History Political Quotient of the leader is required as the new leadership challenges demands a Received: 22 December 2016 profitable growth and development of the government, business and society by working Accepted: 03 January 2017 together with all three, thereby providing better lives for future generations. This paper Published Online: 05 January 2017 firstly attempts to chart out what Political Quotient is, and then it presents the 3 Keywords Stakeholders. The paper further gives the PQ Framework and also lists out the various Leadership facets of PQ Leadership. The next section charts out in brief the sketch of Narendra Political Quotient Modi’s Perspective and Narendra Modi as person. Finally the paper then compares the Narendra Modi perspective & person of Narendra Modi viz-a-viz the PQ Stakeholders & PQ Facets. Political Leadership INTRODUCTION effect of creative leadership and organisation support brought in positive outcomes in terms of ideas and implementation It has always been an area of interest for scholars and increasing effectiveness & efficiency (Lowenberger, researchers to know the relevance of leadership qualities and Newton, & Wick, 2014). Leadership has gained so much attributes which makes and shapes a leader. attention and accolades are because of its utility to the organisation, irrespective of the type of organisation. The In the words of Theo Haimann “Leadership is the process performance of modern organisation is different from the by which a leader imaginatively directs, guides and influences traditional companies and organisations performance is the work of others in attaining specified goals”. Leadership is directly influenced by the leader‟s performance (Liu, Zhang, an influential process. The leader is in a position to shape, Tian, & Peng, 2006). regulate, control and change the attitudes, behavior and performance of his team. Also, team has to be in line with High leadership performance is a fusion of skill, leader‟s desires and directions thereby keeping aside their own behaviour and strategic vision of leaders (Liu, Zhang, Tian, judgments and discretions. A leader establishes a relationship & Peng, 2006). The acceptance of a potential team leader with his team members with interpersonal and a social depends on the perception of the team members regarding interactions which creates a greater synergy and a the potential team leader‟s 5 aspects viz. leader‟s domain collaboration. competence, fluid intelligence, willingness to serve, credibility, and goal attainment. The person perceived to be Here an attempt has been made to relate the leadership better on these 5 fronts as per the required situation is likely qualities of Shri Narendra Modi with the Political Quotient to emerge as the team leader. (Norton Jr, Murfield, & (PQ) Model as given by Reffo & Wark (Reffo & Wark, 2014). Baucus, 2014). As per Meyer & Slechta leadership has 5 pillars viz. Crystalised thinking, plans & balance, passion & Competencies and relevance would be checked with the desire, confidence & Trust, and Communication & initiatives taken by him during his reign as CM of Gujarat and Responsibility (Meyer & Slechta, 2013). Yet another aspect now PM of India. It talks much about the leadership impact of Leader is discussed by Grooves and he argues that Leaders which had made the governance working in the government with good emotional expressivity were strongly related with and has helped the society and citizens to have better quality of visionary leadership (Groves, 2006). While for being life and hassle free benefits of government schemes. His reign effective leader the foremost quality has been highlighted by has controlled the corruption by putting more transparent Singh & Rathore and they mention that the effective leader‟s transactions and declarations of achievements and policies. values are based on their ethical choices and decisions they make. Ethical leadership plays an important role in creating LITERATURE REVIEW an ethical climate of the organisation. This paper explores the imperative ethical leadership and the manner in which it is Harvard University Strategic Unit in its working paper manifested in universities and research organizations in India suggests that there is no point in arguing that “does leadership (Singh & Rathore, 2014). matter?” and suggests not to debate on “leadership proponent” or “constraints approach”, rather one should consider only the Asfraf & Iqbal discusses about new quality of leaders viz. contingent opportunities view which states “when leadership Political Intelligence, they argue that Political Intelligence matters?”. Additionally they conclude they conclude that the can help facilitate organisational change effectively. The best leadership emerges when resources are scarce, and times politically intelligent leaders are capable of steering the are tough (Wasserman, Noharia, & Anand, 2011). difficult times during organizational change using his Loewnberger et al conclude that leadership is crucial even in political intelligence (Ashraf & Iqbal, 2011). rigid bureaucratic structure. They further prove that a combined © RRIJM 2015, All Rights Reserved 9 | P a g e Volume-02, Issue-01, January-2017 RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reffo & Wark brings forth another aspect of Leadership “The country works better with business and government viz. Political Quotient (PQ). PQ is the leadership capacity to actively working together to promote growth and broadly interact strategically in a world where government, business shared prosperity”, President Obama once mentioned in and wider society share power to shape the future in a global September 2012. “Business is not just about making money, economy (Reffo & Wark, 2014). The word „Political as vital as that is; it‟s the most powerful force for making Intelligence‟ origins from the Greek word Politikos which social progress the world has ever known‟, said UK Prime means or relates to citizens: civic. Relationship between Minister David Cameroon in 2012. citizens, government and business are deeply connected with Political Quotient. PQ is for leaders with insight, vision and Muhtar believed that the complex issues facing the world humility to recognize that they are working within a wider have to be addressed from within the „Golden Triangle‟. He system (Reffo & Wark, 2014). These leaders share the power further emphasized that business leaders must search for together with 3 interrelated & interconnect aspects viz. multiple solutions to multiple problems‟ and deliver „better Government, Business and Society to provide better outcomes outcomes‟ for customers, consumers and government – both to the citizens and future generations. (Reffo & Wark, 2014) national and local. It is needed by the leaders at large from all the sectors and segments of the government, businesses and society as well. It Often we observe that for many leaders in government is for the leaders are involved in preparing and implementing and business, this approach will not be usual as they have the public policies and at the same time deliverance as an grown up with the belief that government governs and outcome of it. Business leaders have to be competent for business makes money. Hence two don‟t cross over. growth and sustenance of their businesses. NGO administrators However, Muhtar said „there is a hard business outcome and trustees too need it as it is more of a co-operative hanging in the balance. Consumers want to know and organization where the decision making is more of a understand the character of a company if there is a big gap participatory nature. It is, in fact needed by all the aspiring and between public expectation and reality, you‟re in trouble‟. emerging leaders of all sectors of government, business and society at large. THE PQ LEADERSHIP MAP PQ TRIANGLE Leaders who have high levels of PQ stand out as successful in all fields. The model describes the CEO of Coca-Cola Company, Mr Muhtar Kent said competencies and processes that are used in harmony, “Government can‟t do it alone. For capitalism to thrive, it has comprise „Politically Intelligent‟ leadership (i.e. PQ to connect all stakeholders and not just shareholders”. He leadership). It has been found what best leaders does, may describes it as „Golden Triangle‟. flag the path for other leaders as well. The following model has been designed based on the experience of coaching Figure-1 PQ Triangle senior leaders, executive education and human resource management. Figure 2 shows the PQ leadership Map. It represents the stakeholders are suggested in PQ triangle in first column. The next column lists out the challenges faced by respective aspect for each Stakeholder of PQ Triangle. This is then followed by the nature of solution needed for the challenges faced. The next column lists out what are the outcomes for the stakeholders due to positive solution for the challenges. While the last column shows the beneficiaries for the aforesaid challenges through the aforesaid solutions. Figure-2: PQ Leadership Map Characteristics of the Better stakeholder Stakeholders