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Community Cycling Manual

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Community Cycling Manual CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNERS GO FOR GREEN COMMUNITY CYCLING MANUAL A PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDE March 31, 1990 Up-dated June 2004 FORWFORWARD__________________________________ARD__________________________________ The original version of the Community Cycling Manual was developed with the assistance of funding from Fitness Canada, distributed through the Canadian Institute of Planners, and commissioned through the Canadian Task Force on Cycling. The objectives of the Canadian Task Force on Cycling were: • To establish the concept of the bicycle as a valid means of transportation; • To undertake activities to increase participation in cycling; • To enhance public awareness of cycling as both a recreational and utilitarian activity; and, • To provide a safe environment for cyclists across Canada. Various national and local agencies interested in cycling were represented on the Task Force. The manual formed part of an overall program designed to increase public awareness and to review public education as it relates to cycling. The original intention of the manual was to provide a much-needed body of research and guidelines on appropriate bicycle facilities planning. This manual was meant to be a document that could be up-dated as necessary. This current up-date reflects the changes that have occurred since the original version was published and was commissioned by GO FOR GREEN. The reader is invited to forward any comments to: GO FOR GREEN 5480 Canotek Road, Unit 16 Ottawa, Ontario K1J 9H6 Canada Toll Free: 1-888-UB-ACTIV, Tel. (613) 748-1800 Email: info@goforgreen.ca Website: www.goforgreen.ca/ Page 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS____________________ The Canadian Institute of Planners (CIP) and GO FOR GREEN (G4G) would like to thank the many individuals and organizations, including all the respondents to the original survey who provided information on cycling facilities in their communities and who in this way contributed to the first version of the manual. A special thanks to Daphne Hope and Dwight Yachuk, authors of the first edition of the Community Cycling Manual. CIP and G4G would also like to thank the individuals who have contributed to the up-dated version of this manual: Keith Logsdon, Todd Litman of Victoria Transport Policy Institute (http://www.islandnet.com/~litman), Dave Mozer of International Bicycle Fund (http://www.ibike.org/), and Transportation Association of Canada (http://www.tac- atc.ca/). Many comments and recommendations were received via discussion groups on the Internet. This worldwide, electronic collaboration has allowed for a comprehensive review in a very short time frame. Page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS _____________________ INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________________________ 1 WHO SHOULD USE THIS MANUAL? 2 HOW IS THIS MANUAL ORGANIZED? 3 HOW IS THIS MANUAL USED? PLANNING CONCEPTS ____________________________________________________________________________ 4 WHY PLAN FOR BICYCLES? 5 FUNDAMENTALS OF A COMPREHENSIVE BICYCLE PROGRAM 5.1 Engineering design 5.2 Education programs 5.3 Enforcement programs 5.4 Encouragement programs and activities 5.5 Transportation demand management (TDM) 6 FACILITY SELECTION 6.1 The goals and objectives for planners and developers 6.2 Basic planning principles for cycling facilities 7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 8 TRAFFIC CALMING Page 4 STRATEGIC PLANNING ______________________________________________________ 9 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 9.1 Engineering 9.2 Education 9.3 Enforcement 9.4 Encouragement 9.5 Transportation demand management (TDM) 10 COORDINATION BETWEEN JURISDICTIONS 11 IDENTIFYING THE TARGET GROUP 11.1 Types of cyclists 11.1.1 Age 11.1.2 Skill level 11.2 Types of trips 11.2.1 Destination 11.2.2 Recreation 11.3 Types of collisions 11.3.1 Bicycle/motor vehicle collisions 11.3.2 Bicycle crashes 11.3.3 Bicycle/pedestrian/in-line skaters collisions 12 MODEL PLANNING PROCESS 12.1 Background research and analysis 12.2 Opportunities and constraints Page 5 12.3 Goals and objectives 12.4 Criteria for evaluation 12.5 Preferred options 12.6 Implementation strategy 12.7 Monitoring mechanism 12.8 Public consultation program 13 PLANNING TOOLS 13.1 Official (municipal) plans 13.2 Zoning by-laws 13.3 Municipal by-laws 13.4 Site-plan agreements 13.5 New subdivision design 13.6 Dedication of green space 13.7 Urban centre redevelopment 13.8 Road reconstruction 13.9 Infrastructure of major urban centers 13.10 Land exchange 13.11 Warrants 13.12 Property ownership 13.13 Regional jurisdictions 14 TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT (TDM) STRATEGIES 14.1 Transportation allowances Page 6 14.2 Park-and-ride facilities 14.3 Free shuttle services 14.4 Carpool/Vanpool 14.5 Telecommuting 14.6 Alternative work hours 14.7 Guaranteed ride home 14.8 Bicycle purchase/lease program 14.9 Emergency breakdown support system 14.10 Bicycle fleet 14.11 Bike-buddy system 14.12 End-of-trip facilities 14.13 Tolls and Fees 14.14 HOV facilities 14.15 Multi-modal links 14.16 Car co-operatives FACILITIES DESIGN ______________________________________________________________ 15 HISTORY OF FACILITY DESIGN 16 CHECKLIST FOR DESIGNERS 17 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BICYCLE AND RIDER 18 TYPES OF BIKEWAYS 18.1 Bicycle routes 18.2 Bicycle lanes 18.3 Bicycle paths Page 7 18.4 Traffic calmed streets 19 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA 19.1 Access 19.2 Attractiveness 19.3 Continuity 19.4 Delays 19.5 Destinations 19.6 Directness 19.7 Funding 19.8 Surface quality 19.9 Topography 19.10 Traffic type, volume and speed 19.11 Conflicts between users 19.12 Width of the bikeway 19.13 Bicycle priority 20 DESIGN GUIDELINES 20.1 Designated Bikeways 20.1.1 Sewer grates and manhole covers 20.1.2 Ramp or curb cuts 20.1.3 Railway and streetcar crossings 20.1.4 Bicycle-actuated signals 20.1.5 Bicycle-crossing signals Page 8 20.1.6 Delayed green and four-way red traffic lights 20.1.7 Staircases 20.1.8 Access to bridges, tunnels, and causeways 20.1.9 Bicycle bridges 20.1.10 Bicycle tunnels 20.2 Designated Bicycle Routes 20.2.1 Connector route 20.2.2 Commuter route 20.2.3 Surface conditions 20.2.4 Low-traffic volume 20.2.5 Wide curb lane 20.3 Bicycle Lanes 20.3.1 Exclusive bicycle lanes 20.3.2 Bicycle/parking lanes 20.3.3 Bicycle/bus only Lanes 20.3.4 Contra-flow lanes 20.3.5 Lane demarcation 20.4 Bicycle paths 20.4.1 Design speed 20.4.2 Grades 20.4.3 Horizontal curve radii Page 9 20.4.4 Crest vertical curves 20.4.5 Stopping sight distance 20.4.6 Length 20.4.7 Width and clearance 20.4.8 Vertical clearance 20.4.9 Slope 20.4.10 Surface types 20.4.11 Centre-line striping 20.4.12 Edge striping 20.4.13 Intersection control 20.4.14 Mid-block crossing 20.4.15 Lighting 20.4.16 Rest stops 20.4.17 Signage 20.4.18 Bollards, gates and barriers 20.5 Traffic calmed streets 20.5.1 Traffic circles 20.5.2 Raised median island and raised median through intersection 20.5.3 Curb radius reduction and curb extension 20.5.4 Chicane 20.5.5 On-street parking Page 10 20.5.6 Speed Humps and raised crosswalks 20.5.7 Raised intersections and sidewalk extensions 20.5.8 Right-in/right-out diverter and inter-section channelization 20.5.9 Full closure 20.5.10 Diverter 20.5.11 Directional closure 20.5.12 Signage 20.5.13 Rumble strips and speed bumps 21 END OF TRIP FACILITIES 21.1 Uncontrolled access bicycle parking 21.1.1 Single or small bicycle racks 21.1.2 Multiple or large bicycle racks 21.1.3 Installation of racks 21.1.4 Bicycle parking checklist 21.1.5 Parking space provision 21.2 Controlled access bicycle parking 21.2.1 Lockers 21.2.2 Lock-ups 21.2.3 Other options 21.3 Other facilities 21.3.1 Showers and change-rooms Page 11 21.3.2 Storage lockers 21.3.3 Bike-aid centres 22 BICYCLE TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES 22.1 Signage 22.1.1 Regulatory signs 22.1.2 Warning signs 22.1.3 Information or guide signs 22.1.4 Other signs 22.1.5 Sign installation and maintenance 22.2 Pavement Markings 22.3 Bicycle signals 23 MULTI-MODAL LINKS 23.1 Bike and ride 23.2 Carry-on transit 23.2.1 Buses 23.2.2 Light rapid transit, subways and streetcars 23.2.3 Railways 23.2.4 Ferries and sea-buses 23.2.5 Airports 24 RURAL FACILITIES 24.1 Rural roads Page 12 24.2 Rights-of-way 24.2.1 Active rail corridors 24.2.2 Rails to greenways 24.2.3 Utility corridors 24.2.4 Fire roads and logging roads 24.2.5 Ski and snowmobile trails MAINTENANCE ____________________________________ 25 GENERAL MAINTENANCE 25.1 Roadways 25.2 Bicycle lanes 25.3 Bicycle paths 25.4 Maintenance notification 26 RETROFITTING AND UPGRADING 26.1 Bicycle routes and lanes 26.2 Pathways 26.2.1 Widening 26.2.2 Lengthening 26.2.3 Twinning 26.2.4 Curb Cuts 26.2.5 Conversion to a multi-use recreational pathway 26.3 Traffic calmed streets Page 13 EDUCATION ______________________________________________________________________________ 27 EDUCATION NEEDS 28 COURSE EVALUATION 29 BICYCLE AWARENESS 30 SHARE-THE-PATH 31 MOTORIST EDUCATION ENFORCEMENT ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 32 SELECTIVE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM (S.T.E.P.) 33 BICYCLE PATROLS 33.1 Bicycle police patrols 33.2 Civilian bicycle patrols 34 REGISTRATION OF THE BICYCLE 34.1 Registration criteria 34.2 Type of licence 35 LICENCING THE CYCLIST TOURISM ____________________________________________________________________________________ 36 URBAN TOURISM 37 RURAL TOURISM 38 REGIONAL PROMOTION ENCOURAGEMENT_ENCOURAGEMENT_____________________________________________________________________________________ 39 MAPS Page 14 40 PROGRAMS 41 TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT (TDM) APPENDICES ______________________________________ APPENDIX A NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL CYCLING ASSOCIATIONS APPENDIX B SAMPLE BICYCLE FACILITY DESIGNS APPENDIX C LIST OF FIGURES AND PICTURES APPENDIX D PLANNING SURVEY FORMS APPENDIX E PARKING SPACE PROVISIONS APPENDIX F BICYCLE LOCKER MANUFACTURERS APPENDIX G MAINTENANCE SURVEY FORMS APPENDIX H CYCLING EDUCATION PROGRAMS APPENDIX I BICYCLE PLANNING TEMPLATE APPENDIX K BICYCLE REGISTRATION BIBLIOGRAPHY ____________________________________ GLOSSARY OF TERMS ____________________________ Page 15 INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________ This manual is a guide for the planning, design and construction of bicycle-friendly infrastructure.
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