LAND USE

PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

PROJECT

SELECTION OF DEMONSTRATION AREAS

A proposal to The Government of

Prepared by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

Registered offices at Bonn and Eschborn, Germany

B-5/2 Safdarjung Enclave New Delhi 110029 T: +91 11 49495353 F: +91 11 49495391 W: www.giz.de/

Responsible: Mr. Georg Jahnsen, Project Director Integrated Land Use Planning and Management Project (ILUPM) Indo-German Environment Partnership for Urban and Industrial Development

Author: Mr. Shriman Narayan (Technical Expert, ILUPM), Sustainable Urban and Industrial Development

Photo credits: Government of Tamil Nadu (official portal) ILUPM Project Team, Sustainable Urban and Industrial Development New Delhi, January 2017

Proposal for Selection of Project Demonstration Areas in Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

1. PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 1

1.1. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT ...... 1

1.2. BROAD OUTPUTS/ PROJECT DELIVERABLES ...... 1

1.3. PROJECT DURATION...... 2

1.4. PROJECT STATUS FOR PARTNER STATE TAMIL NADU ...... 2

1.5. CONTEXT FOR THE TAMIL NADU PROJECT DEMONSTRATION AREAS PROPOSAL ...... 2

2. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF DEMONSTRATION DISTRICT IN TAMIL NADU ...... 4

3. SHORTLISTING OF DEMONSTRATION AREAS IN TAMIL NADU ...... 6

3.1. PROJECT SCOPE CONSTRAINTS ...... 6

3.2. SHORTLISTING OF DISTRICTS ...... 6

3.3. PROJECT PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR SHORTLISTED DEMONSTRATION AREAS ...... 7

3.3.1. CHENNAI METROPOLITAN AREA (CMA) ...... 8

3.3.2. MADURAI TUTICORIN CORRIDOR (MTIC) ...... 11

3.3.3. NILGIRIS-COIMABATORE- DISTRICTS ...... 15

3.3.4. ERODE-SALEM-NAMAKKAL DISTRICTS ...... 19

4. EXPECTED OUTCOMES FROM THE REPORT ...... 22

4.1. FINALIZATION OF ONE DEMONSTRATION ZONE ...... 22

4.2. SELECTION OF SECOND DEMONSTRATION ZONE (DEMONSTRATION PROJECT B) ...... 22

5. ANNEXURE I: DISTRICT ANALYSIS TABLE/ MATRIX ...... 23

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1. Project Background

The Department of Land Resources (DoLR), Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India, and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) are jointly implementing the ‘Land Use Planning and Management’ Project. With reference to the Implementation Agreement signed between DoLR and GIZ on October 7, 2015, GIZ has agreed to support two states with technical assistance for development of land use policies, planning instruments/tools for integrated spatial land use planning as well as human and organizational capacity development. GIZ in coordination with national partner DoLR, MoRD, have jointly selected two pilot states, Odisha and Tamil Nadu, for implementation of the project.

1.1. Objective of the Project

The Project is being implemented in the framework of Indo-German Technical Cooperation with an objective to apply instruments of integrated spatial and land use planning in Indian states.

1.2. Broad Outputs/ Project Deliverables

The targeted outputs/ deliverables, to achieve the project objective for Tamil Nadu, are mentioned below:

. Output A- Land Use Policies: A Draft Tamil Nadu State Land Use Policy integrating water security, sustainable development, the protection of ecosystem services and resource-efficient land uses.

. Output B- Planning Toolkit and Application: . B.1.- Preparation of Planning Toolkit . B.2.- Application and testing of Policy using Toolkit in two demonstration areas (one at regional level and one at district level)

. Output C- Human Capacity Development (HCD): Education and training programs for integrated spatial and land use planning that focus on regional planning, environmental planning, resource management and

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Proposal for Selection of Project Demonstration Areas in Tamil Nadu

procedures for participation.

. Output D- Organizational and Institutional Development:

Concepts of integrated spatial and land use planning institutes pertaining to strengthening professionalism, enhancing advisory and enforcement capacities as well as to political/social awareness generation are discussed in the public (expert meets).

1.3. Project Duration

The project will have an overall time horizon of two and half years i.e. from May 2015 to October 2018 (as per validity of the above referred Implementation Agreement).

1.4. Project Status for Partner State Tamil Nadu

Subsequent to selection of Tamil Nadu as one of the pilot/ partner state for the project, introductory meetings with the Planning, Development and Special Initiatives Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, were conducted by GIZ. As part of the project planning and scoping phase, a kick-off workshop was organized with key stakeholder/ partner departments i.e. State Planning Department, Directorate of Town and Country Planning, Housing & Urban Development Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority, during 25th to 28th October 2016.

Proceedings of the Workshop in the form of Workshop Report, has been submitted to all the participants for inputs and suggestions.

1.5. Context for the Tamil Nadu Project Demonstration Areas Proposal

The idea behind taking up demonstration projects is to apply and test the planning instruments and policies developed as project deliverables.

It is proposed that the two demonstration projects in Tamil Nadu would ideally be comprising of one regional plan (macro planning combining a cluster of districts) and one district plan (land use planning at district level). As part of the project scope, GIZ would provide process management and handholding support to identified state department(s) for preparation of the demonstration project plans.

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Broad scope of the proposed demonstration projects, as mentioned below:

. Demonstration Project A (at regional level) – a Spatial and Land Use Plan for a cluster of districts integrating existing plans (State Vision Document/ District Plans/ Annual Plans/ Development Plans) and planning processes at national, state, district level.

. Demonstration Project B (at district level within area of Demonstration Project A) – a Spatial and Land Use Plan at district level integrating existing local level plans with Demonstration Project A and related planning processes.

As one of the major outcomes of the Tamil Nadu Project Planning Workshop, criteria for selection and shortlisting of project demonstration districts within the state (referred as Demonstration Project A), were jointly evolved by state participants and GIZ.

The demonstration projects are envisaged as integral to overall project in Tamil Nadu that would not only help visualize success indicators, but also build public confidence and generate awareness for replication in other areas of the state as well as the country. To initiate demonstration projects at the earliest, GIZ hereby submits the detailed proposal to support State Partners in selecting the best feasible areas for demonstration projects.

The following sections in this proposal document detail out the criteria and summarize project prospects-constraints of the shortlisted demonstration districts in Tamil Nadu for consideration and finalization by the Government of Tamil Nadu.

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2. Criteria for Selection of Demonstration District in Tamil Nadu

A total of 18 indicators (criteria) capturing district level information on topographic, demographic, socio-economic, and environmental aspects have been considered in Table 1:

Table1: Criteria for Shortlisting Demonstration Projects

Capturing Criteria Criteria (Indicators-relative Description of Project Intent Aspect No. to state average) Topographic preferred varied topographies to Nature of Topography/ 1 capture different land cover related Physiographic Variety land uses neither too small nor too large 2 Geographical Area extent considering short duration of the project relatively moderate share of forest 3 Share of Forest Cover cover to also capture other uses of land in fair extent Demographic preferred higher growth areas for 4 Population Growth Rate land use dynamics trends fair mix of both rural and urban 5 Rural Urban Population Ratio areas to capture both types of land uses Social preferred higher SR to capture fair 6 Sex Ratio (SR) representation of women relatively moderate representation Areas with underprivileged of scheduled tribes to integrate 7 groups aspects of tribal land uses & related policies Economic availability of multiple sectors for 8 Variety of Economic Sectors different land use mix preferred availability for addressal & 9 Industrial Corridor/ Clusters integration in land use plan & policy Socio-Economic preferred good road-rail connectivity to ensure smooth access to 10 Accessibility demonstration sites & timely progress of project preferred higher to moderate 11 Tourism Potential potential to capture land use impacts Existence of areas with preferred minimum representation 12 conflicting land use history to address policy and measures Environmental Eco-Sensitive Areas (ESAs)/ preferred availability of different 13 Zones types of ESAs for integration

Proposal for Selection of Project Demonstration Areas in Tamil Nadu

preferred presence to demonstrate 14 Disaster Prone Areas integration with Disaster Mitigation Plans/ Rehabilitation Plans Areas that require achieving water 15 Water scarce areas security Institutional Districts covering state’s priority as 16 State priority projected in Vision 2023 document Areas preferred where there is an Concentration of cities and 17 active investment, guided by greater other development nodes road/rail/port connectivity

It was mutually acknowledged in the Project Planning Workshop at Auroville that, region/districts capturing a larger mix of the above criteria, would be a good demonstration location to showcase the project outputs and acceptability in Tamil Nadu.

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3. Shortlisting of Demonstration Areas in Tamil Nadu

Based on the identified criteria discussed in previous section, a comparative analysis has been undertaken for all districts in the state. The analysis at this inception stage has been based on secondary data/ information at district level, where every criteria/ indicator denoting strength of the district as potential for the project, has been given a score of one. The demonstration area analysis matrix is enclosed herewith as Annexure I.

3.1. Project Scope Constraints

Considering proposed scope of the project to be completed within October 2018, its success largely depends on the level of cooperation and confidence that have to be built through local stakeholder consultations, especially in the demonstration locations.

3.2. Shortlisting of Districts

Out of thirty two districts in Tamil Nadu, following four demonstration zones were shortlisted based on above mentioned criteria in the Tamil Nadu State Planning Workshop held in Auroville:

1. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA)

2. Madurai Tuticorin Corridor

3. Nilgiris-Coimabatore-Tiruppur Districts

4. Erode-Salem-Namakkal Districts

The detailed district analysis matrix, as developed by GIZ Project Team through secondary research, was discussed in detail with partner departments in the Project Planning Workshop. The matrix was modified based on inputs and suggestions received in the Workshop. The revised matrix enclosed here is an outcome of mutual understandings between partner departments and GIZ in the workshop and successive meetings.

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3.3. Project Prospects and Challenges for Shortlisted Demonstration Areas

The top four demonstration areas, as mentioned in 3.2, are depicted in the Map 1 below. Prospects and challenges for the project for the shortlisted areas are briefly discussed hereafter.

Map 1: Options for demonstration areas Source: Internal GIZ

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3.3.1. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA)

CMA, the fourth largest metropolitan area in India, consists of Chennai district, part of Thiruvalluvar District, and part of Kancheepuram District. The Chennai Metropolitan Region is dominated by gentle slopes, and sandy, flat terrain. The Chennai City and the metro area do not have much of the green cover (< 2%). The two main ecological hot spots in the CMR include the Pallikaranai Marshland (ca. 420 ha) and the Guindy National Park (area 270 ha). Apart from the usual problems faced by large Asian cities, such as pollution, over-crowding and economic disparity, the Chennai Metropolitan Area is facing acute shortage of water, and is being increasingly subjected to natural disasters such as floods and cyclones.

Map 2: Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) Source: Internal GIZ

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Accessibility:

Road Network

The road network of Chennai is dominated by a radial pattern converging at George Town, which is the main Central Business District (CBD) of the CMA. The road network is primarily based on the four National Highways, leading to Calcutta (NH5), Bangalore (NH4), Thiruvallur (NH 205) and Trichy (NH 45). In addition to these, Arcot Road, Kamarajar Salai, Thiruvottiyur High Road, Old Mahabalipurm Road and East Coast Road are the other important radial roads in CMA.

Rail Network

The commuter rail system in CMA operated by the Southern Railways consists of 3 lines: • Chennai Beach - Tambaram BG line running south-west • Chennai Central - Thiruvallur B.G.line running west and • Chennai Central - Gummidipoondi BG line running north.

These lines radiate from the city-centre. These 3 lines together account for 300,000 commuter trips per day. While the first two corridors carry intercity passengers on separate dedicated lines, the third corridor carries both commuters and intercity passengers on the same lines.

In addition, the Phase 1 & Phase 2 of MRTS are currently in operation traversing a length of more than 15 km covering the residential and IT corridor on the south eastern side of the city.

Chennai Port

Chennai Port is one of the largest ports of India and consists of well-equipped shipping facilities, marine services and other associated facilities like warehouses and storages. Chennai Port handles 60 percent of the total cargo handled by the State. The total number of containers handled during 2003 - 2004 was 5, 39,265 showing an increase of 67 percent in the last 5 years. The passenger traffic shows an increase of 22 percent in the last five years.

Ennore Port

Ennore Port comprises two berths and is planning to expand its shipping facilities to handle large volumes of bulk cargo. A port specific Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is being planned to enhance the economic opportunities of the port as well as the region.

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International Airport

Chennai Airport is one of the largest airports of the country. It handled about 20.54 lakhs international passengers and 25.01 lakhs domestic passengers during 2003-04. In addition, the airport handled cargo of about 1.50 lakhs tonnes including 1.35 lakhs tons of international cargo and has a significant share in total passengers as well as cargo handled in the four major Airports.

Prospects and Challenges of the project, in shortlisting CMA as a demonstration area, (Demonstration Project A) are mentioned below:

Prospects . Highest population and urbanisation in the State (population density is 26553 persons/sq. km). . The decadal population growth during 2001-2011 is 7%, 2nd least decadal change among the districts. . 2nd highest literacy rate of 90.2% among the districts . High tourism potential with an expanding development node spilling over to neighbouring districts . A variety of economic and industrial sectors: Industrial estates, automobile, software services, medical tourism, hardware manufacturing and financial services, petrochemicals, textiles and apparels, electronic and software industry, car and auto component manufacturers, khadi, soap, leather goods . The district Scheduled Castes decadal population growth during 2001- 2011 is 36.7%, the highest among the districts. . Disaster prone zones (vulnerable to floods, cyclones etc.) Challenges . High growth of peri-urban development that represents vast conflicting land use . Minimal share of forest cover and less eco-sensitive areas . Minimal rural population . Lowest percentage of agriculture labourers to total workers among the districts. . Lower sex ratio (989 which is lower than the State sex ratio of 996). . 2nd lowest Scheduled Tribe sex ratio of 932 among the districts in the State . 2nd lowest Work Participation Rate of 39.1 % among the districts in the State . 2nd lowest female Work Participation Rate of 19.4 % among the districts in the State

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3.3.2. Madurai Tuticorin Corridor (MTIC)

A mix of a coastal districts, riverine plains from the topographic characteristics of the Corridor. The region contributes substantially through port trade, and is well connected by air, rail and roadways. Besides, the corridor is also a famous tourist destination.

Map 3: Madurai-Tuticorin Corridor Source: Internal GIZ

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Accessibility

Roads and Railways The districts are served by many important national highways, state highways and district roads. The important highways are Thiruvananthapuram - Kanniyakumari National highway (NH47), Kanniyakumari - Madurai National Highway (NH7) that passes via Tirunelveli and Virudhunagar, Tuticorin - Tirunelveli National Highway (NH7A) that proceeds further to Kollam in Kerala, Ramanathapuram - Madurai National Highway (NH 49) that passes through Sivaganga district, Madurai - Kollam highway (208) that passes near Thenkasi and Senkottai in Tirunelveli district and the East Coast Road that connects Nagapattinam, Ramanathapuram, Tuticorin and Kanniyakumari (to be upgraded). These roads do provide a reasonably good network among the districts.

A comparative analysis of road infrastructure available in the districts reveals that although there are many state and national highways, per square kilometres road density is less. Apart from Kanniyakumari, the road length per square kilometer in other districts is about the average/ less than average of the State (1.4 km). Tuticorin, Virudhunagar and Tirunelveli have significantly less road length per square kilometer. Further, the number of vehicles per 1,000 persons is only 72.7% of that of the State. These may indicate that the road and transport infrastructure in these districts is below average when compared with the rest of the State. This presents the scope for introducing new planned roads as part of MTIC.

Railways The districts are served by broad gauge as well as meter gauge railway. Most district headquarters are connected with Madurai by railway services and express trains run to Chennai on a daily basis. Madurai is especially well connected to most of the southern cities - Chennai, Trichirappalli, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Rameswaram, Quilon, Thiruvananthapuram, etc. – as well as to other major Indian cities such as Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata. Over 35 express and other trains serve Madurai.

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Key Take-away  Roadways – Adequate intra-district connectivity, scope for strengthening interdistrict connectivity & developing 6 lanes (especially covering Madurai, Chennai & Tuticorin).  Railways – The railways connectivity for all the study districts is good with several areas being covered for gauge conversion

Ports Tuticorin port is one of the 10 major ports in India. The port has an artificial deep-sea harbour with breakwaters of about 4 km long and about 1.3 km wide. The harbour basin area is about 400 hectares with approach channels of about 2.4 km length and 183 meters width. The traffic handled by the port in 2003-04 was 14.7 million tonnes (1,500 ships). It has great potential to become a major hub port, with the deepening of inner (increasing the draught from 10.7 to 12.8 metres) and outer harbours. In addition to Tuticorin port, there are several other minor ports and fishing harbors at Kolachel, Kanniyakumari, Rameswaram, etc. The Kolachel port also has potential to grow as it has a natural harbour.

Power The TNEB grid serves the districts. Tuticorin has a TNEB thermal station generating 1,000 MW of power. There are gas based power plants in Ramanathapuram and windmills in Kanniyakumari that generate another 300 - 400 MW of power. Another major power project - i.e. a joint venture project between Neyveli Lignite Corporation and TNEB for 1,000 MW, is proposed in Tuticorin.

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Prospects and Challenges of the project, in shortlisting MTIC as a demonstration area, (Demonstration Project A) are mentioned below:

Prospects . High urbanisation rate . Relatively better sex ratio (denotes higher share of females) . Higher share of tribal population . Presence of different economic and industrial sectors: Agriculture, Food Products, Cotton Textiles, Hosery and Garments, Wooden Products, Paper & Products and Printing, Leather Product, Rubber Product, Chemical and Chemical Products, Non Metallic Mineral Products, Basic Metal Products, Metal Products, Machinery Except Electrical Products, Electrical Machinery, Transport Machinery . Minimum land use conflicts . Very high tourism potential . Location of two major Ports . Location of an upcoming Madurai-Tuticorin Industrial Corridor project . Two rivers that server the majority of the southern districts of the state . Abundance of agriculture and forests . Presence of different types of eco-sensitive areas . Active investment guided by greater road/rail/port connectively . State’s development priority Challenges . Large geographical extent . 2nd lowest female Work Participation Rate of 19.4 % among the districts.in the state . Unable to identify other challenges

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3.3.3. Nilgiris-Coimabatore-Tiruppur Districts

Situated in the western part of Tamil Nadu, Nilgiris-Coimabatore-Tiruppur Districts portray a dominant rural cum mining and industrial district. Located on the banks of the Noyyal River surrounded by the Western Ghats, Coimbatore is the second largest city in the state after Chennai. As one of the most industrialized cities in Tamil Nadu, is known as the textile capital of South India. With high rate of urbanisation. Nilgiris District ranked first in a comprehensive Economic Environment index in Tamil Nadu, driven by tea and coffee plantations. is well-developed and industrialized. The Tiruppur vest industry, the cotton market, and the butter provide for a vibrant economy. The topography includes the western Ghats, one of the most bio-diverse areas in the world, surround Coimbatore like a horseshoe on the north, west and south. The region is mountainous. The Siruvani dam is the main source of drinking water for Coimbatore city.

Map 4: Nilgiris-Coimabatore-Tiruppur Districts Source: Internal GIZ

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NIlgiris:  Ranked 31 in population size of the State  Urban population - 59.2% is higher than the State urban share of 48.4%.  Population density is 287 persons per sq. km, least densely populated among the districts in the State.  Highest sex ratio - 1042  Scheduled Caste sex ratio as 1035 (2nd highest)  Highest child sex ratio - 985.  Literacy rate (85.2%) is higher than the State literacy rate (80.1%).  The district decadal population growth during 2001- 2011 is -3.5%, a negative growth rate.  2nd highest Scheduled Castes population (32.1%).  Kokkode (L.C. No. 00785700) in Kotagiri Taluk is the smallest village (139.82 hectares).  Highest scheduled tribes population (4.5%)  3rd lowest percentage of cultivators (4.5%) to total workers  This district has recorded 57.7% of rural household having no latrine which is 2nd least among the districts.

Coimbatore:  7th highest population size of the State.  Urban population (75.7%), the third highest.  Population density is 731 persons per sq. km, is higher than the State population density of 555 persons per sq. km.  The district sex ratio of 1000 is higher than the State sex ratio of 996.  The district literacy rate (84.0%) is higher than the State literacy rate (80.1%).  Pollachi taluk has the highest number of the inhabited villages (116) while Coimbatore South Taluk has the lowest number (26) of such villages in the district.  Melur Slopes Reserve Forest Village of Mettupalayam Taluk has the least population (17) in the district.  Among the villages, Booluvampatti Block II) Reserve Forest village of Coimbatore South Taluk is the largest village with an area of 10651.2 hectares and Solakarai Reserve Forest Village of Coimbatore South Taluk is the smallest village with an area of 32.8 hectares.  3rd lowest percentage of agriculture labourers to total workers in the districts.

Tiruppur:  12th rank in terms of population size among the districts.  Population density is 478 persons per sq. km, lower than the State population density of 555 persons per sq. km.

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 Urban population (61.36%)  Sex ratio of 989 is marginally lower than the State sex ratio of 996.  Literacy rate (78.7%) is marginally lower than the State literacy rate (80.1%).  taluk has the highest number of inhabited villages whereas Tiruppur Taluk has the lowest number of inhabited villages in the district.  Ganapathipalayam Village of taluk has the highest population of 14022 persons and Kolinjivadi village of Taluk has the least population of 23 persons recorded among the villages in the district.  Anamalai Reserved Forest village of Taluk is the largest village  Scheduled castes population in the district constitutes 16.0% of its total population. Scheduled tribes population in the district.

Accessibility: Coimbatore district is well connected by roads and highways. There are five National Highways that connects the district to other parts of the states. Road routes serve most parts of intra-city routes, other towns and villages in the district and connects the district with all major towns in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Puducherry and Andhra Pradesh. Coimbatore junction is accessible from all parts of Tamil Nadu and well connected to all the major Indian cities. The district also houses the Coimbatore international Airport which serves neighbouring district of Nilgiris, Tiruppur which houses vast expanse of hilly areas and eco- sensitive zones and tourist destinations. The Nilgiris district has comparatively less roads. It has one national highway and all taluks are connected by major roads. The district has a small railway station which is a designated as UNESCO world heritage site. The 3rd district in this cluster is Tiruppur. The district is connected to neighbouring states by 5 State highways and has Tiruppur Railway station and is well connected to all parts of the state. This cluster of districts does not have any Port in the vicinity.

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Prospects and Challenges of the project, in shortlisting Nilgiris-Coimbatore-Tiruppur Districts as a demonstration area, (Demonstration Project A) are mentioned below:

Challenges . Relatively moderate geographical extent . Moderately high urbanisation . Relatively better sex ratio (denotes higher share of females) . High share of forest cover . Dominant economic sectors include Textile, IT, Manufacturing Research and Development Organizations, Khadi, tea processing industries Eucalyptus Oil extraction industries, Needle Industry, Co-operative Milk Products industry, Knitting units, Dyeing & Bleaching Units, Fabric Printing, Garmenting, Embroidery, Compacting, Calendaring, ancillary units . Good road, air and rail connectivity . Presence of eco-sensitive areas . Presence of areas with past social conflicts regarding land use Constraints . Relatively low population growth rate . Relatively lesser investments from the State . Relatively lesser development priority for the State . Relatively lesser tourism potential

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3.3.4. Erode-Salem-Namakkal Districts

Salem, surrounded by hills and the landscape dotted with hillocks, is known for mango cultivation, silver ornaments, textile, sago industries and steel production. Erode comprises a long undulating plain, sloping gently towards the Kaveri River in the south-east. Three major tributaries of river Kaveri, the Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravati, run across the long stretch of mountains in the north. The Bhavanisagar Dam and Kodiveri Dam provide storage facilities and numerous canals along with these rivers provide proper drainage and facilities for irrigation in the district. The Northern portion of Namakkal are mountainous and the southern areas are plains. The rivers running through the district are Cauvery, Aiyaru, Karipottan Aaru and Thirumanimutharu.

Map 5: Erode-Selam- Namakkal districts Source: Internal GIZ

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Erode:  15th highest population of the State.  Urban population 51.4%, and population density is 391 persons per sq. km, lower than the State population density.  Sex ratio is 993, lower than the State sex ratio of 996.  The district literacy rate (72.6%) is lesser than State literacy rate (80.1%).  The district decadal population growth during 2001- 2011 is 11.7%, lesser than the State average of 15.6%.  The district has recorded the highest Work Participation Rate of 53.1 % among the districts.  The district is having a forest cover of 227511 hectares, accounting for 39.76% of total are of the district.  The district has recorded 3rd highest percentage of Main workers (92.9%) to Total Worker in the district.  The district has recorded 66.3% of rural household having no latrine which ranked 3rd least among the districts.

Salem:  5th highest of population size in the state, with population density of 665 per square kilometer.  Highest Scheduled Tribes population among the district.  The district decadal population growth during 2001-2011 is 15.4%.  Salem district is one of the most urbanized districts in the State as it has a share of 50.95% population living in urban areas.  Sex ratio has recorded 954, which is 2nd lowest among the districts in the State.  The district has recorded 2nd least Scheduled Castes sex ratio as 974 among the districts.  The district has recorded the literacy rate of 72.9%, whereas the State literacy rate is 80.1%.

Namakkal:  21st rank in the population size of the State.  Urban population share of 40.32% to its total population.  The district population density is 505 persons per sq. km., less than the State population density of 555 persons per sq. km.  The district sex ratio of 986 is slightly lower than the State sex ratio of 996.  The district has recorded Scheduled Caste sex ratio as 985, 3rd least among the districts  The district literacy rate (74.6%) is lesser than State literacy rate (80.1%).  The district population and decadal change during 2001- 2011 is 15.6% which is equal as State decadal population growth of 15.6%.  Selur Reserve Forest Village is with the largest area of 5433.09 hectares and Dadhadripuram karadipatti village is with the least area of 12.71 hectares, both found in Namakkal taluk in the district.

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Accessibility: This cluster considers Erode, Salem and Namakkal districts. The transportation system in the district Erode is well developed (except air transport) as it is one of the prominent trading centers in the state, It houses two National highways and ten State Highways and is well connected to different parts of the district, state and neighbouring states. It has one major Railway junction that links the west coast to the east coast. There are two National Highways proposed for future development. It uses navigable waterways connecting five points within the district. Salem district houses the 4th largest of the six southern railway zone division. It is well connected to Bangalore and Chennai by train. Three National Highways passes through the district connecting it to Varanasi, Kochi outside the state and Kanyakumari and Coimbatore within the State. The district has a commercial Salem Airport. Namakkal is connected to other parts of India by one National Highway. It has three broad guage railway line and depends on Coimbatore Airport for air transport.

Prospects and Challenges of the project, in shortlisting Erode-Selam-Namakkal Districts as a demonstration area, (Demonstration Project A) are mentioned below: Prospects . Relatively better sex ratio (denotes higher share of females) . Presence of different economic and industrial sectors: handloom weaving, carpet manufacturing, cart manufacturing, oil pressing brass vessel manufacturing, poultry, lorry transport, truck body building industries and poultry farms, Textile, Automobile, steel, Diary, Mining, Aluminium, Electronic Challenges . Relatively low population growth rate . Relatively low rate of urbanisation . Relatively low population growth rate . Relatively lesser investments from the State . Relatively lesser development priority for the State . Relatively lesser tourism potential . Relatively lesser eco-sensitive areas . Relatively lesser land use conflicts

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4. Expected Outcomes from the Report

The demonstration projects are the keys to measure success and acceptability of the larger project vision.

4.1. Finalization of one Demonstration Zone

Further to the consent of the Principal Secretary, Planning, Development and Special Initiatives Department, this Report is submitted to the Government of Tamil Nadu for consideration of the mutually evolved shortlisted districts, and finalization of one district as project demonstration location.

4.2. Selection of Second Demonstration Zone (Demonstration Project B)

As mentioned in earlier section of this document, the second demonstration location is proposed to lie within the jurisdiction of the selected demonstration zone in 4.1 in order to showcase integration of land use plans at different levels and scales.

After selection of the demonstration areas, it is proposed to the project partner departments, Government of Tamil Nadu, to mutually select the Demonstration Project B of a district.

The 2nd demonstration area (district) within the region shall preferably:

i. Have support of the state and local government for implementation of this project- to ensure support and coordination from the partner state.

ii. Be Urban/ Peri-Urban/ Rurban in nature- to capture maximum settlement and land use dynamics.

iii. Not have an existing integrated spatial plan- as the project proposes to develop a land use spatial plan and its integration at local and district level; however, the area may have a spatial plan under preparation, which can be taken up for further integration.

After selection of the two demonstration locations (1 region, and 1 district), the project shall progress towards further scoped activities, to initiate demonstration projects at the earliest.

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Proposal for Selection of Project Demonstration Areas in Odisha

5. Annexure I: District Analysis Table/ Matrix

Demographics Transport Resources Commerce Area Urban- Environment Preferen Sex Rate of Total for Name of ('000 Density Rural Forest Disaster Tourism ally ces from ratio urbanis National State Surfaced district sq. Population popul Airports Rivers Cover prone footfall sensitive Industries Auroville ation Highway Highway Roads km) Avg: Avg: ation (Ha) areas (100%) (in Km) 555 996 % Cyclone, 1 eco- Thiruvallur 3394 37,28,104 1,098 987 65/35 65.1 2 4 4795.29 0 0 18749 16,65,284 16 Industrial Estates Tsunami sensitive zone

Automobile, software services, medical Cyclone, tourism, hardware manufacturing and financial Chennai 174 46,46,732 26553.00 989.00 100/0 100 - 10 5485.79 1+1 1 12987 1,82,61,834 1 Tsunami services. Other important industries include petrochemicals, textiles and apparels, Ports

Cyclone, electronic and software industry, car and auto Kanchipuram 4,483 39,98,252 892.00 986.00 63/36 75 2 16 5528.10 0 2 23856 floods, 71,80,477 component manufacturers, Khadi, soap, Tsunami Leather goods

Agriculture, Food Products, Cotton Textiles, Hosery and Garments, Wooden Products, 2 IBAs Paper & Products and Printing, Leather, Madurai 3,710 30,38,252 819.00 990.00 61/39 60.8 5 42 4252.81 1 (intl) 1 48473 Earthquake 1,19,30,967 Not Officially Rubber, Chemical Products, Non Metallic Protected Minerals, Metal Products, Machinery Except Electrical Products, Electrical and Transport Machinery

1 Wildlife Sanctuary; 3 match industry, fireworks, printing, textile Virudhunagar 4,241 19,42,288 458.00 1007.00 50/50 50.5 1 6 3410.95 0 1 23276 - 11,17,342 Not officially mills, and cement factories protected IBAs Heavy industries like Sterlite, SPIC, Alkaline Chemicals, Heavy Water Plant, National 2 Cyclone, 1 National Thermal Power Plant and salt, Chemical Thoothukkudi 4,745 17,50,176 369.00 1023.00 50/50 50.1 1 19 3955.83 1 1 14567 57,33,407 Tsunami Park Industries, Readymade garments, Fish processing and Fish based products, handmade matches, Khadi, textile

1 Not Processing of edible nuts(Cashew, Officially Maintenance of motor vehicles, Hulling of Kanyakumari 1,684 18,70,374 1111 1,019 82/18 82.3 2 5 5032.02 1 0 54155 Tsunami 1,03,58,903 Protected paddy, Latex enterprise, Dipping and packing Reserve of matches, coconut brooms and saw milling Forest; 1 IBA

Chemical and electrochemical industries at Karaikudi, Sugar Factory at Padamathur, Gears 1 Wildlife and Softs at Singampunari, Mineral, Bricks, Sivaganga 4,233 13,39,101 316 1003 31/69 30.8 4 8 3843.03 0 0 21877 - 14,14,058 Sanctuary Brick tiles and Pot making centres at Manamadurai and Thiruppuvanam, and Coir Manufacture Industries

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Proposal for Selection of Project Demonstration Areas in Tamil Nadu

3 National Parks, (2541Ha);1 Oil and Natural Gas, Salt, Bromine & allied Ramanathapur Chemicals, Spinning Mills, Platinum Textile, 4,104 13,53,445 330 983 31/69 30.3 2 8 3340.02 0 0 4488 Tsunami 77,76,142 Wildlife am Sanctuary; 1 Cotton Mill, Sea foods, Coir Pith, Sea shell, Biosphere Handicrafts made in palm leaf area

1 Tiger (1) Household Industry: beedi rolling, making Reserve; 1 of safety matches, mat weaving and processing Wildlife and manufacturing of palm fibres (2) Small Thirunalveli 6,693 30,77,233 460 1023 49/51 49.4 1 16 7337.10 0 1 105492 Tsunami 31,63,598 Sanctuary; 1 Scale Industry: Khadi and (3) Medium and Reserve Large Scale Industries: cement, cotton yarn Forest and textiles

1 Not Officially Protected Textile, IT, Manufacturing Research and Coimbatore 4,732 34,58,045 731.00 1000.00 76/24 75.7 1 15 8024.51 1 0 68467 Earthquake 95,54,632 IBA; 1 Development National Park Organizations, Khadi and Wildlife Sanctuary 5 IBAs; 1 Reserve Forest (Not 3 Officially tea processing industries,Eucalyptus Oil extraction industries, Photofilm industry, Nilgiris 3,424 7,35,394 287.00 1042.00 59/41 59.2 0 4 8017.74 0 2 114748 Earthquake 77,99,412 Protected); 2 National Needle Industry, Co-operative Milk Products Parks; 1 industry Biosphere area

Knitting units, Dyeing & Bleaching Units, Fabric Printing, Garmenting, Tiruppur 5,187 24,79,052 478 989 61/39 61.4 1 19 7038.50 0 2 54130 - 6,12,939 Embroidery, Compacting, Calendaring, ancillary units,

handloom weaving, carpet manufacturing, cart manufacturing, oil pressing brass vessel Erode 5,760 22,51,744 391.00 993.00 51/49 51.4 2 10 6856.45 0 1 228749 - 14,25,711 manufacturing etc. 1086 Small Scale Industrial Units, Sugar, 4 Textile, poultry, lorry transport, truck body building Namakkal 3,420 17,26,601 505.00 986.00 60/40 40.3 2 9 4201.45 0 1 48504 - 8,47,343 industries and poultry farms. Textile, Automobile, steel, Diary, Mining, Salem 5,237 34,82,056 665.00 954.00 51/49 51 3 6007.48 1 1 125023 Earthquake 84,86,610 Aluminium, Electronic Data Sources in Annexure I Table: 1. Census PCA 2011 2. Government of Tamil Nadu official website 3. Tamil Nadu Workshop Outcomes 4. Information through meetings with Head, Land Use Planning, State Planning Commission, Government of Tamil Nadu; SIPCOT; PwC; Tamil Nadu Infrastructure Fund Management Company (TNIFMC), IIT-Madras; Institute of Remote Sensing, and School of Planning and Architecture, Anna University. ^^^^ 24 | P a g e