a publication of the Center for Cuban Studies date

a publication o f the Center for Cuban Studies CUBAUpdate Winte r-Spring 1985 Vol. VI , Nos. 1-2 $2.50

IN THIS ISSUE

CUBA/U.S. 3 L[TTER FR0\-1 I\11AMI (V1anitzas) 5 /INTER"'ATIONAL 11 NEW HOUSING LAW 12 I:CONOMIC NCWS 14 F ~1C RI:PORT (Wald) 16 HEALTH NEWS 19 CULTURAL NEWS 23 OBITUARII:S 29 LIBRARY REPORT (Nickel} 31 CE"Jli:R "-E\VS AND NOTI:S 33 a publication of the Center for Cuban Studies ~UBAUpdate Fall1 986 Vol. VIl, Nos. 3-4 $2.50

IN THIS ISSUE CUBA'S PRISONS/Evenson THERE'LL BE CHANGES/ Franklin 1 COCKBURN ON VALLADARES 4 CUBA/U.S. 5 HAY ANA BOOK FAIR 8 CAPIT ALIS!\10, NO!/Meurs 16 CUBA/INTERNATJONAL 18 CUBA/NA TJONAL 21 MEDICAL NEWS 23 ECONOMY 24 SPORT S BOOK REVIEW 26- LETTER FROM MIAMI/Manitzas 32 a publication of the Center for Cuban Studies CUBAUpdate Spring 1987 Vol. VIII, Nos. 1-2 $2.50

IN THJS JSSUE U.S. ATTACK ON CUBA IN GENEVA REPELLED LETTER FROM MIAMI / Manitzas 1 UPDATE ON FREEDOM FJGHTERS 3 BUDGET CUTS ANNOUNCED / Franklin 4 WHISTLE-BLOWER 7 CUBA / U.S. 8 CUBA / INTERNATIONAL 10 MEDICAL NEWS 13 HA VANA FOR THE EYES / Ashton 14 THE 2ND BJENNIAL / Fusco 17 HA VANA FILM FESTIVAL REPORT / Fusco 19 CUBA NATIONAL NEWSBRIEF SPORTS ~­ w~ ..p .¡~+­ /?wc ~6 a publication of the Center for Cuban Studies ~/J ~.%·

Summer 1987 Vol. VIII, Nos. 3-4 $2.50

IN THIS ISSUE

CORRUPTION AT THE TOP CIA WAR AGAINST CUBA CUBAN MILITARY OFFICER DEFECTS 5 MINSAP REPORTS ON AIDS 7 5TH U JC CONGRESS 9 J UDGING THE / LANDAU 11 LETTER FROM MIAMI/MANITZAS 19 CUBA-U.S. 20 BOOK REVIEWS 23 CUBA INTERNATIONAL 27 ECONOMY 27 SPORTS 28 c;:uBA/ CULTURAL 29 a oublication of the Center for Cuban Studies CUBAUpdate Winter 1987 Vol. VIII, Nos. 5-6 $2.50

IN THIS ISSUE

CUBAN IMMIGRATION ACCORD/MANITZAS 1 CUBA/U.S. 2 CUBA/NATIONAL 5 WORKER'S BOOKTIME/MERVYN JONES 8 CULTURAL NEWS 11 SPORTS 15 CUBA/ INTERNATIONAL 18 MACHU-PICCHU/CHE GUEV ARA 20 NEWS BRIEF 22 ECONOMY 23

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Table of Contents CUBA UPDATE, VoL x; No. 4-5, Fal/1989 U.S.-Cuba ...... lff Editors: Sandra Levinson and Jane Franklin. Research and writing: Letter from Miami (Manitzas) ...... 4 Caro! Evans, Renee Pendergrass, Gail Reed, the editors. Book Review Editor: Nita Manitzas. Desktop publishing and design: Dateline Havana: The Drug Scandal ...... 7ff Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson, Laurel Marx, Michael YeUin. Dis­ Honor Court ...... 32 tribution: Irving Kessler. Television photoo by Sandra Levinson from Tria! Testimony ...... 39 broadcasts in Havana and from a documentary film by J05é Massip. Council of State/ ...... M CUBA Update--ISSN 0196-0830-is a publication orthe Center for Cuba/Cultural: Nicolás Guillén ( 1902-1989) ...... 93 Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, N.Y. 10011. In­ Books on Cuba cluded in Center membership ($35 ayear; $45 institution) or by sub­ Review of Case No. 1/1989- Nelson Valdés ...... 95 scription ($25 individual; $35 institution)

Co1·er: Osear Carbal/o, "Fide~ "Iinoleum print ( 1977) ~ ~ ...

Contents U.S.-Cuba ...... lff Treasury Relaxes/Krinsky ...... 1 Trcasury Moves/Krinsky ...... 2 Television Manr ...... 3 Letter from Miami/Manitzas ...... 6 Cuba/International ...... 9ff Beyond the Signing/Reed ...... 9 A Victory for Carlotta/Reed ...... 11 Cuba Update, Vol IX, No. 6/VoL X 1, Winter 1989 Chronology/Franklin ...... 14 Editors: Jane Franklin and Sandra Levinson. Research and writ­ Cuba/National ...... 17ff ing: Adele Oltman, Gail Reed, the editors. Desktop publishing: ExpoCuba/30th ...... 17 Jerome Nickel and Michael Yellin. Distribution: Irving Kessler. 1-Iealth Watch/Gilpin ...... 22 Special thanks to Marta Rojas, . Cuba/News and Notes ...... 23 CUBA UPDATE - JSSN 0196-0830- is a publication of the Cuba/Cultural ...... 25ff Center for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, N.Y. Film Festival/Levinson ...... 25 10011. Included in Center membersbip ($35 ayear; $45 institution) Poetry by Bob Ocean ...... 31 or by subscription ($15 individual; $25 institution). From Our Readers ...... 32 errata: Fa111988 Cuba Update was Vol. IX, Nos. 4-5 Contents U.S.-Cuba •..•••••••...... •....•...... liT Cuba Neilher Poland Nor Nicaragua, Kirby Jones . Inside Cover U. S. Fires on Cuban Ship, Jane Franklin ...... 1 Letter from Miami, Nita Manitzas ...... 2 DateUne Havana • • • • • • • . . . . • • • • • • • • • . . • . • • . 41T Panama: View from Cuba, Gail Reed ...... 4 Intemationalists Buried, Gail Reed ...... 6 Castro on Challenge to Socialism, Jane Franklin ...... 7 CUBA Update, Vol. XI, Nos. 1-2, April 1990 Focus on: Embargo • • • • • • • . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • . . 91T Gabriel Garcfa Márquez: Cubans and the Blockade ...... 9 Editors: Sandra Levinson, Jane Franklin, Adele Oltman. Assistant Wayne Smith: U.S. Trade Embargo Against Cuba ...... 13 Editor: Karen Graubart. Research and writing: Gail Reed, the Before Embargo: Early Developments ...... 15 editors. Book Review Editor: N ita Manitzas. Desktop publishing and David Golove: History of U. S. Regulatory Policy ...... 16 design: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson, Michael Yellin. Distn'bu­ Laurien Alexandre: Why Can't 1 Go to Cuba? ...... 24 tion: Irving Kessler. Specialthanks to: Marta Rojas. Andrew Zimbalist: Impact of U. S. Blockade ...... 25 Michael Krinsky: lfYou Have Ever Tried Calling Havana ... 27 Jean Stubbs: When the Fizz Goes Out ofthe Soda Pop . . . . 28 Interview with Foreign Trade Minister by Cuba Business . . . 29 Gareth Jenkins: Japan Cashes In on U. S. Embargo ...... 31 CUBA Update-ISSN 0196-0830- is a publication ofthe Center Donna Rich: U. S. and Cuba: Trading Partners? ...... 33 for Cuban Sfl.J.dies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, NY 10011, and is Jane Franklin: Recent Developments ...... 37 sent as part ofCenter membership ($35 ayear) or by subscription Books on Cuba ($25 individual; $35 instiMion). Subject to Solution, Review by Philip Brenner ...... 42 Cuba/Cultural • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • 43fT Havana Film Festival 1ñe Cuban Cannes, Pat Aufderheide ...... 43 Hollywood Hits in Havana, Sandra Levinson ...... 45 Conversation with Pedro Pérez Sarduy ...... 4 7 Cover: José Franco, serigraph, 1989 1 ~ ...

Contents

U.S.-Cuba lfl' 1VMartf(Reed) 1 Washington Watch 3 Legal Briefs 5 Letter from Miami 7 CUBA Update, Vol. XI, No. 3, Summer 1990 Other Voices 8 Editors: Sandra Levinson and Jane Franklin (on leave).AssistanJ Cuba/lntemational 9fT Editor. Karen Graubart. Research and writing: The editors, Carol Cuba-Soviet Trade Agreement 9 Citrin, Gail Reed, Michael Yellin. Book Review Editor. Nita Namibia/Mandela 11 Manitzas. Desktop publishing and des1"gn: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Fidel Castro in Brazil 12 Levinson. Distribution: Irving Kessler. Special thanks to: Pedro The Davidoff Smokescreen (Roberto GarcCa) 13 Pérez Sarduy, Marta Rojas Datelioe Havana 15fT TheEconomy 15 Fidel Castro/FMC Congress 17 Health Watch 23

Books oo Cuba 25fT CUBA Update-ISSN 0196-0830- is a publication of tbe Cen­ Carlos Moore, Castro, The Blacks andAfrica, ter for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, N.Y. Reviewed by Cheryl Harris 25 10011, and is sent as part of Center membership ($35 ayear) or ~ Herberto Padilla, SelfPortrait ofthe Other, subscription ($25 individual; $35 institution). Reviewed by Saul Landau 27 Cuba/Culture 29fT Carlos Vareta (Rfos) 29 Film 31 An Open Letter to Carlos Moore (Sarduy) 34 Cover: Drawing by José Fuster, 1989. Contents

Dateline Havana Fourth Party Congress 1 Gail Reed ...... 19 in Cuba 1J ualynne Dodson . . . . 33

U.S.-Cuba ...... 2tT Washington Watch ...... 3 Letter from Miami 1 N ita Manitzas ...... 5 Legal Briefs ...... 9

Other Vo ices lltT CUBA Update, Vof. XI, No. 4, Faff 1990

Focus on: Editors: Sandra Levinson and Jane Franklin (on leave).Assistant Fidel Castro, Wordsmith 1Gabriel Garcia Marquez 12 Editors: Karen Graubart, Adele Oltman. Research and writing: the Planning for Havana 's Future ...... 22 editors, Gail Reed, Nita Manitzas. Book Review Editor. Nita Manitzas. Desktop publishing and design: J erome Nickel, Sandra Cuba/lnternational ...... 36fT Levinson, Michael Yellin. Distribution: Irving Kessler. Special thanks to: Laurel Marx. Cuba/Cultural ...... 37tT Film!Cubans Win NY Competition ...... 37 Hollly Near in Cuba ...... 39 Art News ...... 41

Books on Cuba ...... 43fT Walker Evans: Havana 1933 CUBA Update-/SSN 0196-0830- is a published by the Center Reviewed by Lee Lockwood ...... 43 for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, NY 10011, Against All Hope/Armando Valladares and is sent as part of Ceo ter membership ($35 ayear) or by separa te Reviewed by Debra Evenson ...... 44 subscription ($25 individual, $35 institution). Memories of Underdevelopment/Inconsolable Memories/GutiurrezAlea, Edmundo Desnoes Reviewed by Paul Lenti ...... 47

Films on Cuba Two Points of Views on PBS Films Reviews by Debra Evenson and Hal Boedeker . . 48 Cover: Painting by Alicia Leal, 1987. ~- ...

Contents Cuba International 31ft' Cuba, tbe UN & the Persian Gulf Crisis 31 Editorial Moscow/Havana: New Trade Accords 33 Cuba: Hanging On 1 Saul Landau 1 China Tightens Relations J U He 33 U.S.-Cuba 2fT Other Voices 35 Letter from Miami 1Nita Manitzas 3 In Havana ... 1Ned Sublette The Armageddon Letters 1James Blight, et al 5 Cuha/Cultural 37ft' Missile Crisis Correspondence 6 Uterature 37 Missile Crisis: Cards on the Table? 8 Film Festival 1990/Sandra Levinson 45 Legal Briefs 9 phls Movie reviews Washington Watch 10 Art 53 Dateline Havana Carlos Raphael Rodrfguez Interview 11 CUBA Update, Vol. Xl/, Nos. 1-2, Winter/Spring 1991 Hoeing the Line 1Gail Reed 15 Daydreams 1Gail Reed 16 Editors: Sandra Levinson, Jane Franklin (on leave).Associate National Assembly Sessions 17 Editor. Ethan Young. Contributing Editors: Gail Reed (Havana Party vs. Bureaucracy 18 correspondent), Alejandro Ríos (culture). Book Review Editor. N ita Police Sweep 1Gail Reed 18 Manitzas. Research and writing: The editors and staff. Desktop Democracy: Learning by Doing 1Esther Mosak 19 publishing and design: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson. "The Last Word" 1Esther Mosak 21 Distribution: Irving Kessler. Cuba/National 22fT Case of the Four Sorollas 23 Tourism: a History Lesson 1Rosa líe Schwartz 24 CUBA Update--ISSN 0196-0830-is published by tbe Center for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New Y orle, N. Y. 10011, and is From the Cuban Press sent as part of Center membership ($35 ayear) or by separate On a Fine Taut Highwire/Juventud Rebelde 27 subscription ($25 individual, $35 institution).

Cover: Carlos Rodríguez Cárdenas: Por el camino co"ecto (For the Correct Path). Contents Sergio Gira! interview 29 Cuba's Other Cinema/Alejandro Rfos 31 DateUne Havana 1 Book reviews 33 Travel Rules Relaxed 1 Graham Greene's Havana{fom Miller 38 Pan American Games/Gail Reed 1 Natalia Botrvar/ESther Mosak 40 Special Period/Esther Mosak 3 Other Voices: D ialectics of R eform 4 ''Mernories of Marucha" Easing the Energy Crunch/Esther Masa k 5 8-page insert following page 20 U.S.-Cuba 7 Lessons from the Bay ofPigs/Sautl.andau 7 Mosquera Denied Visa/Luis Camnitzer 8 CUBA Update, Vol. XII, No. 3, Summer 1991 Washington Watch 9 Drugs and Cuba/U.S. State Dept. 10 Editor: Sandra Levinson.• Associate Editor: Ethan Young. Legal Briefs/Michael Krinsky 11 Contributing Editors: Gail Reed, Esther Mosak, Alejandro Rfos Cuba/lnternational 12 (Havana) ; Saull.andau, Alicia Torres (Washington, Dq. Book Peru's Cholera Epidemic/Gail Reed 12 Review Editor: Nita Manitzas. Desktop Publishing and Design: Jerome Cuba's UN Stand/Granma 13 Nickel, Sandra Levinson, laurel Marx, Michael Yellin. Distribution: Ir­ Haiti Inauguration/Gail Reed 14 ving Kessler. Special thanks: Graciella Tabfo (Havana), José Yglesias, Rache! Maiore (New York). Printing: Town Crier. Cuba/National 15 Media on Women/Gail Reed 15 •Editor Jane Franklin is on Ieave. Castro on Neoliberalism 16 Race in Cuba: Tomás Fernández interview 17 Note: All original art work from Cuba reproduced in CUBA Updnte is Healtb Watch 21 for sale from the Center for Cuban Studies (see Legal Briefs, page 11 ). Eyesight to the Blind/Gail Reed 21 AIDS Battle:Dr. Jorge Pérez 23 CUBA Update-ISSN 0196-0830-is published by the Center for 27 Cuba/Cultural Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, N.Y. 10011, and is Black Culture: Rogelio Martrnez Furé 27 sent as part of Center membership ($35 ayear) or by separate "Maña Antonia"/Esther Masak 27 subscription ($25 individual, $35 institution). Eugenio Hernández interview 28

Cover: María Eugenia Haya, LA marcha del pueblo combatiente (1980) # ~ ...

Contents

U.S.-Cuba 1 Washington Watch/Aiicia Torres 2 Letter from Miami/Nita Manitzas 3 Cuba-Reads/Ethan Young 4 CUBA Update, Vol. XII, No. 4, November 1991 Pan Am Games/Sandra Levinson 5 Editor. Sandra Levinson.Associate Editor. Ethan Young. Dateline Havana Contributing Editors: Jane Franklin; Havana: Gail Reed, Esther Mandela in Cuba/Karen Wald 8 Mosak, Alejandro Rfos; Washington, DC: Saul Landau, Alicia Eye to Eye with Orbis/Meic Haines 10 Torres. Book Review Editor. N ita Manitzas. Desktop Publishing Sugar Blues/Gail Reed 11 and Design: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson. Distribution: Irving Kessler. Specialthanks: Karen Graubart, Ted Kuster, Betsy Cuba/lnternational Mazursky, Rosemari Mealy, Mary Murray, José Yglesias. Printing: Guadalajara/Ethan Young 13 Ropp Press. Castro on Democracy 15 Focus: Havana Renaissance Juliet Barclay/Photos: Martin Charles 17-24 Cuban Perspective 25 Cuba/National CUBA Update-/SSN 0196-0830-is published by the Center for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, N.Y. 10011, Silver Linings/Carmen Deere 26 and is sent as part of Center membership ($35 ayear) or by separate White Mirrors/Esther Mosak 28 subscription ($25 individual, $35 institution). Crime & Counterrevolution/Patricia Grogg 30 Otber Voices Overmedicated?/Harry Nelson 33 Cuba/Cultural Film Industry Storm/Sandra Levinson 35 Books on Cuba/Nita Manitzas 36 Record Review 37 Letter 40

~ 1"6 Cover photo by Sandra Levinson from TNT broadcast of the Pan Am Games. 1 ~ ...

Take a look at the Legal Briefs column on page 6. lt details the Contents ridiculous and cruel expanse of the U.S. embargo. lt's an assault not only on Cuba, but on all her trading partners-and ultimately, Cuba/ lnternatlonal on the people of the U.S., whom it casts in the role of punisher even as it restricts our rights. Briefs 1-2 Soviet-Cuban Relations/Wayne Smith 3 People around the wortd have spoken and acted against the em­ UN Vote on Embargo Deferred/Joseph Rubin 5 bargo. But only the U.S. publlc can hope to sway the thinking of our lawmakers away from policies of hostile encirclement or Legal Brlefs/Michael Krinsky 6 worse. We have a special responsibility to meke peace, friendship and open trade a living option. Cuba/ U. S. JFK and the Embargo 7 But to make an impact we must reach out to all who want to see Wash!ngton W:tch 10 peace in the Caribbean region, who want to avoid war and famine Letter from MlamVNita Manitzas 11 on the island, even if they don't like Fidel Castro. A movement for a change In policy must include all those who favor everyone's Datellne Havana right to travel and interact with the Cuban people, because the The Fourth Party Congress/Gail Reed bottom line is that Cubans can't eat solidarity; they need hard cur­ 13 Commenta on the Party Congress rency, tourism, trade. The embargo must be ended, and only a Cuba and the "New World Order"/Saul Landau 17 broad strong movement has any hopa at all of bringing the naces·. Cuba Luchará/Frank T. Fitzgerald 18 sary pressure to bear on Congress and the White House. "Believers" and Party Membership/Aiice L. Hageman 19 Especially now, attempts to rally people in the U.S. around Two, Three, Many Parties?/Daniel Hellinger 21 Cuba's politicalleaders, symbols of revolutionary glory, or even The New Gold Rush/Kirby Jones 22 Cuba's flag, are seriously misguided. Such images are viewed as Cuba/Natlonal irrelevant, foreign or downright treasonous by most people in this country. The case agalnst the embargo and travel ban ls too In Search of New Markets/Marfa Elena Gil 23 strong, and the stakes too hlgh to keep lt hldden In the Economic Briefs 24 shadows ot marglnallty. Up in Smoke/Esther Mosak 41

In the year ahead, many more people will oppose the embargo Focus on: Tourlsm and the travel ban. Soma because they feel for the suffering of the Cuba's Tourism Revivai/Gail Reed 25 Cuban people, soma because they want to enjoy Cuba's Mirror lmages/Reed 29 beaches, and soma who are simply frustrated because they can't Cubanacan/Reed 31 do business with Cuba as their foreign competitors do. Tourist Trappings/Esther Mosak 34 lt's time to concentrate on creating effective strategies for bring­ Strolling in Santiago/Nancy Mikelsons 37 ing them all together. Havana by Night, Mostly/Mosak 39 Centerfold: Photographs of the Malecón/Sy Rubln 32-33

Cuban Perspectlve What Kind of Change?/Santiago Pérez Benitez 42

Other Volees CUBA Update, Vol. XIII, No. 1-2, March/April 1992 Cuban Doctors in Nicaragua/Doralisa Pilarte 2 Controlling AIDS/Mary Jo McConahay 45 Editor: Sandra Levinson.Associate Editor. Ethan Young. Contribwing Editors: Jane FrankJin; Havana: Gail Reed, Esther Mosak, Alejandro Cuba/Cultural Rfos; Washington, DC: Saul Landa u, Alicia Torres. Book Review Editor: N ita Manitzas. Desktop Publishing and Design: Jerome Nickel, Film/Alejandro Ríos 46 Art: Havana Bienniai/Jay Murphy Sandra Levinson. Distribution: Irving Kessler. Special thanks: Merri 49 Theater in the Special Period/Esther Mosak 50 Ansara, Osmany Cienfuegos, Laurel Marx, Marta Nutlez, Marta Books on Cuba/Escribir en Cuba; Portrait of Cuba 51 Rojas, Karen Wald. AJI unidentified photos reproduced from Cuban Paradiso Causes a Furor/Alberto Batista Reyes 53 tourist industry literature and Center archival material. Printing: Ropp "The Aoral Dance"/Pedro Pérez Sarduy 54 Press. Culture Clash/Esther Mosak 56 Toward a Critical Culture/Usandro Otero 58 CUBA Update-ISSN 0196-0830-is published by the Center The Most Famous PhotoNícki Goldberg 61 for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, N. Y. 10011, and Rigoberto Romero (1940-1991) 63 is sent as part of Center membership (S35 ayear) or by separa te sub­ scription ($25 individual, $35 institution). Letters 64

Cover photograph: José Alberto Figueroa, Havana, 1991.

Back cover: Painting by Lorenzo Homar, . lt reads: " . . . because Cuba cannot succumb; because Cuba, sheltered or unsheltered, wi/1 overcome .. . , Oh Cuba, mother of the redeeming ideas in America!" - Eugenio María de Hostos (1872) Cuba is one of the most hotly disputed subjects in the world. So Contents it's no surprise that the articles we publish sometime upset people. U.S./Cuba

For instance: In response to last issue's articles on tourism and Bush's Terrorgate 1 2 culture, a few readers complained that CUBA Update was help­ SOS Cuba Legal Brlefs/Michael Krinsky 3 ing Washington bash Cuba. Anothar corraspondant questioned Washington Watch 4 the appearance of commentators who criticize Cuban govarn­ Letter from Mlami/Nita Manitzas 5 ment policies. Last year, one long-time subscriber insisted that New Ught on Missile Crisis/Philip Brenner 7 the excerpt from Sanel Paz's short story in the Spring 1991 issue was pornographic and degenerate. Focus on: Coplng wlth the Crisis Despite the Distress/Eduardo Galeano 10 While we welcome criticism, these readers are wrong to expect Anatomy of the Crisis/Andrew Zimbalist 12 a single, narrow point of view. Their objections reflect confusion Making Do/Gail Reed 17 about our editorial policy and goals. Coping with the Crunch/Esther Mosak 20 Francisco Unares Calvo on Jobs 22 The purpose of CUBA Update is to share Cuba. We look for arti­ Nature's Way/Mosak 24 Victory Gardens/Mosak 26 cles that inform, entertain and, hopefully, provoke critica! think­ Carlos Lage on the Economy/Mosak 28 ing on a broad range of tapies concerning Cuban society: culture, politics, everyday lite, international relations. As Cuba Datellne Havana seeks solutions to difficult and complex situations, presenting different perspectivas on these issues is all the more necessary. Havanacycle/ Kurt Dillon and Beatrice Stern 30 Carlos Aldana on Press Policy/Mosak 36 Euromoney Conference 37 While we are outspoken in our support for the achievements of UJC Congress/Reed, Santiago Pérez 40 Cuba's much-maligned revolution, our goal is not to cheerlead Abortion in Cuba/Debra Evenson 43 or condescend but to enlist new voices in a growing dialogue. Through the years we have been consistent in our opposition to Other Volees U.S. policy on Cuba, but we are editorially independent of both An lsland on the Way to Ecotopia/Robert W. Benson 33 governments. Readers can find official Cuban positions re­ Cuban Railroads/Henry Posner 111 34 portad in Update-and they also get the very broad range of opinions from all over, as the world increasingly turns its atten­ Cuba/lnternational tion to Cuba. Haitian Refugees/Reed 45 Earth Summit 47 The editors take full rasponsibility for the contents of avary Raúl Roa Kouri on Human Rights 48 issue, including articles expressing opinions with which we dis­ Alarcón Named Foreign Minister 49 agree, and are accountable to our readership and to tha stan­ dards of professional journalism. By tha way, most of the lattars Cuba/Cultural we recaive encourage us to continua in this direction. Books on Cuba/Brenner 51 Abel Prieto on Cultural Policy 52 *** Osvaldo Salas (1914-1992) 53 Yoruba Meeting/Mosak 54 We extand our haartfelt thanks to Esther Mosak for her contribu­ Fourth Bienniai/Luis Camnitzer 55 Constantino Arias (1920-1991) 60 tions as Havana corraspondent. Esther is returning to live in the U.S., and we look forward to working with her in tha futura. Letters 62

CUBA Update, Vol. XIII, No. 3-4, August/September 1992

Editor: Sandra Levinson.Associate Editor: Ethan Young. Contributing Editors: Jane Franklin; Havana: Gail Reed, Esther Mosak, Alejandro Rios; Washington, DC: Saul Landau, Alicia Torres. Book Review Editor: N ita Manitzas. Deslaop Publishing and Design: Jero me Nickel, CUBA Update-/SSN 0196-0830-is published by tha Can­ Sandra Levinson. Distribution: Irving Kessler. Special Thanks: Ted ter for Cuban Studias, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, N.Y. Kuster, Frank Manitzas, Marta Rojas, Me! Rosenthal. Al! unidenti­ 10011, and is sant as part of Centar membership ($35 ayear) or fied photos by Rolando Pujo!, Bohemia, Havana. by separata subscription ($25 individual, $35 institution).

Cover Photograph: Liborio Noval, May Day 1992 in the Plaza de la Revolución, Havana.

Back Cover courtesy of Granma. Contents

News Update 1-2 U.S./Cuba: Focus on Mlaml Miami Cubans/Sandra Levinson and Bill Rose 3 !.l!ttl!r frQm M!ªmi!Nitª Mªnigªl! 5 Legal Brlefs/Michael Krinsky 7 The Cuba Obsession/Jane Franklin 9 Washington Watch Clinton's Cuba Policy/Saul Landau 13 Rangel Bill to End Embargo 15 Book Excerpt United States Economic Measures Against Cuba 16 Datellne Havana: Health News Rare Nerve Disease Strikes Cuba 21 Sorne Vital Statistics/Jane Franklin 22 Prevention is the Watchword/Rose 23 AIDS Update/Gail Reed 28 Other Volees System Failing Where it Hurts/Ron Howell 26 Centerfold: Photographs by Nancy Stout Blotechnology and Health Cuban Biotechnology/Julie M. Feinsilver 29 PPG : Cuba's Cholesterol Reducer/Reed 35 Health Tourism 36 lnterview with Dr. Hilda Molí na 37 Acupuncture in Cuba 39 Economlc News Where Will the Oil Come From?/Aeed 45 Cuba/lnternatlonal Havana Journal/ lrma García Rose and William Rose 40 Solidarity Forever/Reed 46 Bicycle Bells- from The Hague to Havana 48 Cuba Remembers the Rosenbergs/Tom Millar 49 Cuba/Cultural The 14th Annual Havana Latín Jazz Festiva/Murdock 50 Review: Gonzálo Rubalcaba at Alice Tully HaiiNaldés 51 Book Revlew:U.S. Economic Measures Against Cuba 52 CUBA Update, Vol. XJV, No. 3-4, Summer 1993

Editor: Sandra Levinson. Associate Editor: Ethan Young. Con­ tributing Editors: Jane Franklin; Havana: Gail Reed; CUBA Update -ISSN 0196-0830- is published by the Center Washington, D. C.: Saul Landau. Staff Writers : Stasha Hughes, tor Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, N.Y. 10011, William Rose, Alisa Valdés. Book Review Editor: N ita Manitzas. and is sent as part of Center membership ($40 ayear) or by Desktop Publsihing and Design: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levin­ separata subscription ($25 individual, $35 institution). son. Distribution: lrving Kessler. CUBA Update is indexad in the Alternativa Press lndex. Cover photograph: Kurt Dillon, in Havana Back cover photograph: Nancy Stout, in Havana CUBA

CUBA Update, Vol. XIV, No. 5 (Special supplement), September 1993. Editor: Sandra Levinson; Staff writers: Gail Reed, William Rose, Alisa Valdés; Design and layout: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson. Special thanks to Naomi Friedman and Rachel Saviano. Published by the Center for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, NY 10011 . (212) 242-0559. Fax (212) 242-1937.

[Artículos varios] Contents

As we go to press, 175 U.S. c~izens are defying U.S. policy by traveling to Cuba as tourists, spending money U.S./Cuba as they would in any other country (p. 1). lt shouldn't even News Update be a story, but it ls, because the 32-year-old embargo, 1, 4-6 Other Volees which lncludes restrlctions on spending money in Cuba, is 2 Letter from Miami/Nita Manitzas still in place. The embargo and the fact that we have no for­ 3 mal diplomatic relations with Cuba-part ot what a friend recently referred to as "the staggering adversities visitad Dateline Havana upon Cuba, principally by the policies ot this nation"- pro­ Catholic Bishops Join Debate/Rose, Raed 7, 8 vide the context for most of the articles in this issue. What Economic Reforms/Gail Raed 9 has been born of that adversity is what we are looking at Cuban Economlc Strategy/Reed 11 now: strength and solidity, but aJso daring and despera­ Agricultura! Decentralization/Karen Graubart 13 tion; planning and changa, but aJso deep divisions and a Neuropathy Epidemic/Aeed 15 fear of the unknown. The best results of the planning and Conversation with Ricardo Alarcón 16 of Cuba's historie strength can be seen in the recent UNICEF report (p. 17) Cuba/lnternationa 1 Now, faced with the worst economic crisis of her history, UNICEF Lauds Cuba's Program 17 Cuba is trytng to plan for an unknown futura, doing Foreign Minister Robaina 17 whatever her leaders and economists can think of to stem UN Ambassador Remfrez 18 the tide of total disaster Gail Reed describes soma of the Cuba and the Caribbean/Reed 19 economic changes going on (pp. 9, 11), and tries to as­ sess their chances for success As these reforms are Cuba/Cultural being put in place, of the divisiveness in Cuban sorne Book Notes/Graubart public lite is coming to light. Bill Rose and Reed discuss 21 Havana Film Festival the currern conuoversy, for example, surrounding the 17- 23 page document tSSUed by Cuba's Catholic Bishops in September (pp. 7, 8), a controversy which brought forth Letters 24 bah WlSe arguments and foolish rhetoric on the other Slde

In her "Letter trom Miami" (p. 3), Nita Manitzas comments CUBA Update, Vol. XJV, No. 6, November-December, 1993 on tt'8 madness that attlicts our policy toward Cuba on the quesbon ot immigration, a policy which undermlnes much Editor: Sandra Levinson ot what Cuba is trying to do; and which is also questioned Assoclate Editor: Ethan Young tJ.¡ Famando Remfriz, the new Cuban ambassador to the Contríbuting Edítors: Jane Franklin; Saul Landau, Washington, Lln;ted Nations (p. 18) . Desp~e the fact that our relations D.C.; Gail Raed and Reynaldo González, Havana W1th Cuba are so mirad in unfortunate history that Staff Wríters: William Rose, Naoml Friedman, Rachel Saviano c1lpbnatic dialogue appears impossible, the experiences Desktop Publíshíng and Desígn: Jerome Nickel, Sandra ., New Yoo City of Cuba's new foreign minister, Roberto Levinson RobaJna (p. 17), who was here for two weeks, are en­ Dístríbution: lrving Kessler couraging. lt was clear from the meetings he had, the Speclal thanks to Karen Graubart, Stephanie Davies and receptions in his honor and the demands made on his Madeline Eisner. time that many here feel that a changa In policy is long overdue. Business people are eager to do business with CUBA Update-/SSN 0196-0830-is a bimonthly publication ot Cuba. artists want to perform and exhibit there, Jegislators the Cantar for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, want to changa the laws, and sorne of us just want to be NY 10011 , and ls sent as part of Cantar membership ($40 a abie to travel there without fear of reprisal. year) or by separata subscription ($30 individual, $40 institution). A WOfd about our cover: we found this wonderful photo in QU( voluminous archives, credited to Juventud Rebelde CUBA Update is indexad in the Alternativa Press lndex. newspaper, but we don't know when it was taken or who was the photographer. We like it because it feels llke what Clarfftcatton Ricardo Alarcón means when he says "We are profes­ In the September special supplement to CUBA Update a confusing SIOOal Don Quixotes," (p. 16) or what Reynaldo González statement was made in the front-page article on recent legislation allow­ means when he calls the Havana film festival "a beautiful ing Cuban citizens to possess foreign currency. The sentence which obsession. • And because--to quote again our poetic starts "Cubans are upset" should read "Cubans are upset by the friend-it makes real the existential drama of Cuba's on­ measure because it will benefit precisely those who have relatives in the United States, who are often, although not always, either lukewarm going revolution. in their support of the Revolution or frankly opposed to it." Torricelli's Gambit: Wreaking Havoc Contents in Cuba U. S./Cuba 1-14 Congress member Robert Torricelli (D-NJ) has condemned the Focus on: U.S. lmmlgratlon Pollcy and Cuba United Nations embargo of Haití, saying it can resutt in famine, Beware the Swinging Door/Gail Reed 1 disease anda mass exodus to the U.S. Torricelli's comments The Great lmmigration Divide: View from Havana 4 were made at a briefing conducted by the House Western Hemi­ Operation "Petar Pan"/Reed 7 sphere subcommittee, of which he is chairman, on October 20, Letter from Mlami/Nita Manitzas 9 1993. News Update Thls call for concern is a bit startling, coming from the author of Visa Denials/Reed 10 the ill-named Cuban Democracy Act, which relnforces and inten­ U.S. Policy/UN Vote 11-13 sifies the U.S. embargo of Cuba. Torricelli objects to the priva­ Other Volees tions imposed on the Haitians when he himself has imposed We M ay Get Burned by the Cuba Embargo/ those sama privations on the Cubans. Jesse Jackson 14 He explains: "In Cuba and South Africa, you had a precise CUBA/Internatlonal 15 goal-to destroy the security torces. In this case, the embargo seems so broad. With desperately poor people, we run the risk Datellne Havana of contagious disease and famine." Havana Today: Neither Festival Nor Shrine/ Reynaldo González 16 These considerations did not deter Torricelli when an epidemic Tourism 20 broke out in Cuba-the recent neuropathy outbreak which af­ News Notes 19-20 fected 50,000 Cubans, probabty due in part to a vitamin deficien­ Cuba/Cultural cy stemming from shortages exacerbated by the U.S. embargo Cuban Culture Goes to MarkeVEvenson 21 (see the November-December 1993 CUBA Update). Film Festival Report/Sandra Levinson 22 New Cuban Film Breaks Taboo/Levinson 23 Neither is the embargo of Cuba any less broad than the embar­ go of Haití. Nevertheless, Torricelli said the provisions of the em­ Revlews bargo of Haití "not only are ineffective, they shock the Pedro Pérez Sarduy and Jean Stubbs, eds. conscience." Afrocuba/Caryi Phillips 25 Marifeli Pérez-Stable, The Cuban Revolution/ So what's the story? Torricelli might really be motivated by a Hobart A Spalding 26 lave for democracy, which he claims is the reason for keeping Robert M. Levine, Tropical Diaspora/ his New Jersey boot pressed on Cuba's throat. Yet the embargo Felicia Rosshandler 27 of Haití has been endorsad by that country's legally elected Rodolfo Dávalos Fernández, Las Empresas Mixtas/ president- the very symbol of Haitian democracy-as neces­ Debra Evenson 28 sary for isolating the bloody junta that illegally ousted him. Revolución y Cultura Magazine/José Yglesias. 30

Alternatively, the representativa may be moved by the thought of Cuban Art/Letters Jacqueline Maggi/Erena Hernández 31 thousands of people starving. This notion is made more difficutt to swallow considering that Torricelli tolda Cuba study group at José Rodrrguez Feo (1920-1993) 32 Georgetown University, "1 want to wreak havoc on that island ... 1 want to bring down Fidel Castro." CUBA Update, Vol. XV, No. 1, January-February, 1994 ls he completely crazy? ls this what we elect our representativas Editor: Sandra Levinson for? To wreak havoc on other countries? To bring down foreign Associate Editor: Ethan Young leaders? Contributing Editors: Jane Franklin; Saul Landau, Washington, D.G.; Gail Reed, Reynaldo González, Erena Hernández, Gerardo Oespite his protestations to the contrary, it could be that Torricel­ Mosquera, Havana li is just a mediocre but ambitious political hack who prefers the Staff Research and Writing: William Rose, Naomi Friedman, financia! backing of rich Cuban Americans to that of poor Rachel Saviano, Stephanie Davies Haitian-Americans. lt could be that he sees a futura run for Desktop Publishing and Design: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson governor of New Jersey partly dependent on Mas Canosa's Distribution: lrving Kessler. Special thanks: Debra Evenson, lla New Jersey gang and their campaign contributions. lt could be Deiss and Gabriel Yañes. that, after all, two Caribbean islands are just so much poor white and black trash. CUBA Update is a bimonthly published by the Center for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, NY 10011 , and is sent as part of Center membership ($40 ayear individual, $50 institution) or by Cover photo by Keramat Poorsoltan, Havana 1993 separata subscription ($30 individual, $40 institution). CUBA Update is Back cover photo by Mimi Forsyth, El Cobre, 1993 indexed in the Alternativa Press lndex. Contents

U. S./Cuba 2-11 News and Notes 2 Secret Negotiations Revealed 1William Rose 3 Senate Hearings on Embargo 5 MedicaJ Group Petitions OAS 1 Daina Starratt and Jeremiah Farmer 5 Scientific Findings Condemn Embargo 1 Rose 6 Letter from Mlaml/ Nita Rous Manitzas 7 Rangel Beats Powell/ Rose 9 The Embargo Must Go 1 Oaiborne Pell and Lee H. Hamilton 11 Cuba/lnternatlonal 4 focys on; The Press on the Cr!s!s !n CYb!! 12-19 Pressing the Press 1 Frank N. Manitzas 12 Editorials: Let's change our policy 15 The Columnists Weigh In 18 Focus on: The Exodus 20-28 The Rafters and Beyond 1 Sandra Levinson 20 The Launching of "El Galeón" 1 Reynaldo González 24 My country, right or wrong? 1 Pedro Pérez Sarduy 27 Dateline Havana 29-32 Farmers' Markets Re-Open 1 Levinson 29 Gays, Lesbians Proudly Pink 1 John Otis 30 British Opening lnvestment Doors 1 Gail Reed 31 Cuba Hosts IFLA Conference 32 Fabio Grobart (1905-1994) 32 Cuba/Cultural 33-39 Film Review: "Strawberry and Chocolate" 1 José Yglesias 33 lnterview with Mirta lbarra 1 levinson 34 Book Reviews FIDEL CASTRO. Robert E. Quirk 1 Willi.am M. leoGrande 36 FACETO FACE WITH FIDEL CASTRO 1 Rose 37 HAVANA: PORTRAIT OF A CITY. Juliet Barclay and Martín Charles 1 Nancy Stout 39 Prlze Op-Ed, "Rough Waters," by Sarah M. Hardlng lnslde front cover

CUBA Update, Vol. XV, Nos. 5·6, November-December, 1994

Editor: Sandra Levinson Managing Editor: Marcia Newtield Associate Editor: William Rose Contributing Editors: Jane Franklin; Saul Landau, Washington, D.C.; Gail Reed, Reynaldo González, Erena Hernández, Gerardo Mosquera, Havana Staff Research and Writíng: Stephanie Davies, Julie Ruben, the editors Desktop Publishing and Design: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson Distribution: lrving Kessler. Our gratitude to the photographers whose work is contributed to CUBA Update. Special thanks to Jill Hamberg, Emile Milne, the many readers who sent us articles, and Chuck Head at Ramaley Printing, St. Paul, MN.

CUBA Update - is a bi m onthfy pu blished by the Center for Cu ban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, NY 10011, and is sent as part of Center membership ($50 a year individual, $60 institution) or by separata subscription ($35 individual, $45 institution). CUBA Update is indexed in the Alternativa Press lndex.

Front e o ver cartoon by Dan Wasserman, e 1994. Boston Globe. Oís• tributad by the Los Angeles Times Syndicate. Reprínted with permission.

Back cover photograph by David Symmonds. Havana, 1994. Contents U.S.-Cuba 1-6 Editor's Comer: Helms-Burton Bill 1 News and Notes 2 letter from Mlami 1 Nita Rous Manitzas 3 Cuba Bilis before the 104th Congress 1 Kurt Shaw 5 Cuba/1 nternational Fidel Castro in Copenhagen and París 7 Focus on: Women's Lives 8-35 The Challenges of Daily Ufe 1 Carolina Aguilar and Rita María Pereira 9 A Second Cuban Revolution 1 Mary Zepernick 10 Women's Changing Consciousness 1Ann Froines 11 Recovering the History of Women 1 Mirta Rodríguez Calderón 13 Women, the Politics of Sexuaiity and Cuba's Economic Crisis 1Jan Strout 15 The Martí Women's Civic Front 1 Jean Weisman 18 The Myth of the Male Breadwinner 1 Helen l. Safa From Maids to Compañeras 1 Esther Marra Rodríguez and Jean Weisman 24 Aída Espinosa Ruiz, Taxi Driver 1Weisman 1 Rodríguez 27 Xiomara Palacio, Cuba's Puppeteer 1 Marta Rojas 28 Mirta Bellos Martinez, Cigarmaker and Potitical Activist 1 Sandra Levinson 30 Turning Fifteen 1 Ernesto Javier 32 Women in Communications Organize MAGIN 1 Jean Weisman 35 Cuba/Cultural 36-44 Casa de las Américas Grants First Women's Studies Award 1 Loretta Stec 36 The Women of lbbu Okun 1William Eric Perkins 36 Long on Ideas, Whether the Hair ls Short or Long 1 Erena Hernández 41 Book Revlews Gatheríng Rage, Margaret Randall/ Reviewed by Jan Strout 37 The Cuban Revolution in Crisis, Frank T. Fitzgerald 1 Reviewed by Jan e Franktin 38 Healing the Masses, Julie M. Feinsilver 1 Reviewed by Peter G. Bourne 39 The Greening o! the Revolution, Peter Rosset and Medea Benjamín, eds. 1 Reviewed by Virginia Rasmussen 40 Sad Tldings 1 Raúl Martínez and Antonia Eiriz 44

CUBA Update, Vol. XVI, Nos. 2-3, Aprii-June, 1995

Editor: Sandra Levinson Managing Editor: Marcia Newfield Associate Editor: William Rose Contributing Editors: Jane Franklin; Saullandau, Washington, D.G.; Gail Reed, Reynaldo González, Eren a Hernández, Gerardo Mosquera. Marta Rojas, Havana Research, Writing and Copy Editing: The editors, Stephanie Davies, Gabriel Yáñez, and this issue, Marion Nestle and Joan Pearlman Desktop Publishing and Desígn: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson Proofreading: Bill Montross: Distribution: lrving Kessler. Our gratitude to the photographers and artists who con tribute their work to CUBA Up­ date. Special thanks to Debra Evenson and to the many readers who send us articles, and to Chuck Head at Ramaley Printing, St. Pau l, MN.

CUBA Update-is a bimonthly published by the Center for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street. New York, NY 10011 , and is sent as part of Center membership ($50 ayear individual, $60 institution/foreign) or by separate subscription ($35 individual, $45 institution/foreign). CUBA Update is indexed in the Alternativa Press lndex. Back Cover by Maydelina Pérez , "Adam and Eva ," 1994. Table of Contents U.S./Cub

CUBA Update, Vol. XVI, No. 4-5, July-October, 1995 Editor: Sandra Levinson Managing Editor: Marcia Newfield Associate Editor: William Rose Contn'buting Editors: Jane Franklin; Saul Landau, Washing­ ton, D.C.; Nita Manitzas, Miami; Pedro Pérez Sarduy, Lon­ don ; Reynaldo González, Erena Hernández, Gerardo Mosquera, Gail Reed, Marta Rojas, Havana Research and wn·ting: Naomi Friedman, Kathee Rébernak, Elke Stappert, the editors Desktop Pub/ishing and Design: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levin­ son Proofreading: Bill Montross; Distribution: lrving Kessler. Our gratitude to the photographers whose work is contributed to CUBA Update. Special thanks to Jill Hamberg, Oiga Hirshhorn, Tom Richards, and the many other readers who regularly send us articles, and Chuck Head at the Crepeau Company/Ramaley Printing, St. Paul, MN.

Contents U.S./Cuba Castro Target of Kennedy Dirty Tricks 2 Secret Special Handling 2 MENOS :tv1As U.S. Senate Considers Sale of Food and Medicine 3 U.S. Company Copycats Cohibas 4 When Jorge Mas Canosa, powerful head of the Cuban CIA and CANF in the Same Boat 1 Jane Franklin 7 American National Foundation (CANF), died on November Music and Musicians Build Bridges (When Permitted) 8 23, it signaled the end of an era of special viciousness toward Letter to the Editor: Fidel Castro Bi/1/onaire 8 Cuba. This is true, 1 think, despite the naysaying of the Miami Cuban Naitonal Ballet Retums to New York 9 marchers, out to preve they'll keep Mas' spirit alive, that UN General Assembly Condemns Embargo (Again) 10 they're justas tough-or tougher-where Castro, Cuba and Dateline Havana Communism~re concerned. But menos Mas, the politicking Communist Party Holds Fifth Congress 11 around our Cuba policy is bound to change. Voter Tumout Massive 11 Bomb!ngs in Havana 12 Mas Canosa was the perfect vehicle for a mean-spirited Che Guevara Buried in Cuba 13 foreign policy that includes the cruel imposition of a ban on Cuba Prepares for Papal Visit 13 the sale of food and medicine to the Cuban people. Now, lnternational Conference on HIV/AIDS in Cuba perfectly timed to fight this particular battle without Mas' Builds Bridges in the Region 1 Elena Schwolsky 14 poison, legislation has been proposed to lift the ban on the Cuban Debut of AIDS Quilt 1Jane VanDeBogart 15 sale of food and medicine to Cuba. [see p. 3] Senate Bill S. Cuban Cancer Surgeon Would Rather Be 1391 and HR 1951 in the House deserve our strong Slicing Vegeta bies 1 Genevieve Howe 16 support- the offensive nastiness of a Ros-Lehtinen ora Dlaz Cuban Cuisine: As Mulatto as its People 1 Balart should not be allowed to derail a long overdue policy Reynaldo González 19 change. Old Chevies, Bed·and-Breakfasts, and Paladares 1 Pedro Pérez Sarduy 21 Coming Up Through the "Little Sports Machine" 1 Mas Canosa's death carne on the heels of revelations that Josh Krinsky 24 should be given important consideration for a change in our Cuba policy, too. The disclosures-in the Miami Herald, no other Voices less-that the recent bombings in Havana were indeed the Press Clips inside covers result of plots hatched in Mi ami (as the Cuban government lsland of Forbidden Delights 1 111111 S. Hylton 26 had said) should give pause to Washington's foreign policy-makers. They talk a good game about fighting Cuba/Cultural terrorism, but continue to turn a blind eye to the terrorist Cuba in the Havana Biennial/ Erena Hernández 28 activities committed against Cuba. Cuban Art Space Opens Five Fall Exhibits 1 Sandra Levinson 31 S.omeone in the Washington political establishment should Zaida del Rlo: The lnhabited Translucence of Dreams 1 reconsider the U.S. role in Cuba these past 39 years, and Reynaldo González 33 should there be any doubt of U.S. government involvement in Marta Rojas Awarded Journalism Prize 35 terrorist plots, assassination schemes, etcetera, read "Secret A Photo 11111th A History 1 Giuliana Scime 37 Special Handling• (the phrase stamped on the documents) A Look At ... Myths of Cuba 1 Tom Miller 37 starting on p. 2. These excerpts are part of recently Book Reviews declassified documents that show how intent President Che Guevara: A Revolutionary U fe, Jon Lee Anderson 1 Kennedy and brother Robert were on killing Castro, Jane Franklin 39 apparently by any means necessary. Although we 've known Posler Boy ofthe Revolution 1 Saul Landau 41 about the crazy attempts to kili Fidel for many years-the Guevara, A/so Known as Che, Paco Ignacio Talbo 11 Cubans are not shy about reporting what they know- there is Compaflero: The Ufe and Death ofChe Guevara, a certain justice in finally seeing them revealed to the world Jorge G. Castal'leda by The New York Times (November 19, 1997). Now let's see Book Notes 43 what we do about it. Center News 44

CUBA Update, Vol. XVIII, Nos. 2-3, Sept./Oct., Nov./Dec. whom donate their work to CUBA Update, and to our readers 1997 who supply us with clippings. A special thanks to Peter Kornbluh for providing us with the Department of Defense material on pages 2ff, and to Ann Bardach. Editor: Sandra Levinson Associate Editor: Jane Marcus-Delgado CUBA Update is a bimonthly published by the Center for Contributing Editors: Jane Franklin; Saul Landau : Nita Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, NY 10011, Manitzas, Miami; Pedro Pérez Sarduy, London: Michele and supported in part by Update sponsors Aris Anagnos, Frank, M.O. (Health News), Reynaldo González, Erena Harry McAndrew, Suzanne McCormick, Robert Mabley, Hernández, Gerardo Mosquera, Gail Reed, Marta Rojas, Renée-Marie Croose Parry, Rita Post, Stanley K. Sheinbaum, Havana lver Torikien and William Worthy. lt is included in Center Research and Writing: Naomi Friedman, Jerome Nickel, and membership ($50 a year individual, $60 institution/foreign) or the editors. Desktop Publishing and Design: Jerome Nickel, by separata subscription ($35 individual, $45 Sandra Levinson. Proofreading: Borden Elniff; Distribution: institution/foreign (surface), $55 foreign (air). CUBA Update is lrving Kessler. We are grateful to the photographers, all of indexed in the Alternativa Press lndex. Front cover: Photograph by David Garten. Back cover: Photograph by Alberto Korda The visit of Pope John Paul 11 to Cuba occasioned unforget­ table moments: Fidel Castro looking for all the world like a seven-year-.old schoolboy dressed in his Sunday best in the pope's presence; singer Adalberto Alvarez popping by to say Contents helio to Martha Stewart at El Ranchón restaurant; a small U.S./ Cuba boy with a puzzled expression gazing up at the winged tent CIA's Own Scathing Critique on Bay of Pigs Declassified 2 constructed for the Mass in Revolution Square and at last tri ­ U.S. Business Explores Cuba 2 umphantly announcing, "Ah! Batman!;" Congressman Char­ Cuban Humanitarian Trade Act Gains Momentum 3 lie Rangel (D-NY) excitedly taking pictures of everyone and U.S. to Allow Direct Flights and Sorne Aid to Cuba 3 everything at the Havana Mass; Fidel and Gabriel García Pentagon Report: Cuba Poses No Security Threat 4 Letter from Miami f Nita Rous Manitzas 5 Márquez, two of the century's best wordsmiths, listening UN Human Rights Commission 6 carefully to the pope's homily; the loud applause when the The U.S. Speaks Out 6 pope attacked neoliberalism; the thrilled voice of a woman Bernard Cardinal Law on Cuba 7 who had just watched the popemobile pass, "How beautiful The Pope's Visit Through the U.S. Media Lens f Jane Marcus-Delgado 9 he is, like a porcelain doll!" Up toa Point, Television Did lt Better f Sandra Levinson 15 No doubt the U.S. government would have preferred that the The New Yorker Meets Cuba 17 Cuban Ch ic? 17 pope skip Cuba, but the visit was clearly important to both the pope and the Cuban president- most of all, it was impor­ Other Voices tant for the Cuban people. Not because, as so much of the The Pope Carne, Saw, and Had an lmpact f U.S. media erroneously reported, religious belief had been Richard Hottelet, The Christian Science Monitor 14 "forbidden" all these years. Writer Humberto Arenal said, Freeing Cuba: editorial, The Nation 18 The Pope showed people-to-people contact works f "Everyone always says that Cuba is very rigid but in fact we editorial, The Miami Herald 19 are very tolerant of others' ideas. l'm nota believer, but 1 U.S. Chemical Weapons and Cuba 1 went to welcome him. In my neighborhood, almost everyone Alex Cockburn, The Nation 20 went to see him. lt's not so much a question of belief; it was Dateline Havana wanting to thank him for coming here, because he's undeni­ ably an important force in the world." Focus On: Pope John Paul 11 in Cuba 21-39 The Cubans: Believers Without Dogma f Marta Rojas 22 Zippergate dashed the hopes of many Cubans, like Arenal, The Cuban Presiden! Welcomes the Pope 26 whE> saw in the pope's visit a chance for better relations be­ A Pope in the Land of the Orishas f tween their country and ours. After all, could Clinton really ig­ Reynaldo González 27 nore Pope John Paulll? "Did Clinton even notice what Castro's Farewell Statement 36 And where did the blacks go? f Pedro Pérez Sarduy 36 _happened here?" asked one friend. National Assembly Election Results 42

lt's hard to say-but he should have. Certainly the pope's Cuba 1 Culture visit has unleashed much of the U.S. Catholic hierarchy in Amelía Peláez' Mural Goes Up Again 1 Marta Rojas 40 support of ending the embargo. (p.6) And if Congress Cuban Artists' Work Shown in the U.S. f Sandra Levinson 43 passes the Cuban Humanitarian Trade bill (H.R. 1951 ), it will be a good start toward a change in policy. Next year marks Obituary the 40th anniversary of the Cuban Revolution-and of the Manuel Pii'leiro Dies in Car Crash 42 failure of U.S. policy toward Cuba. ces News Center Celebrates 25th Anniversary 44 CUBA Update, Vol. XVIII, Nos. 4-5, Jan./Feb. and March/Aprí/1998

Editor: Sandra Levinson Associate Editor: Jane Marcus-Delgado Contributing Editors: Jane Franklin; Saul Landau; Nita Manitzas, CUBA Update is a bimonthly published by the Center for Cuban Miami; Pedro Pérez Sarduy, London; Michele Frank, M.O. (Health Studies. 124 West 23rd Street, New York, NY 10011, and supported News). Reynaldo González, Erena Hernández, Gerardo Mosquera, in part by Update sponsors Aris Anagnos. Harry McAndrew. Suzanne Gail Reed, Marta Rojas, Havana McCormick, Robert Mabley, Renée-Marie Croase Parry, Rita Post. Staff photographer: Andrea Brizzi Stanley K. Sheinbaum, lver Torikien and William Worthy. lt is Research and Writing: Sierra Colman-Hersey, Naomi Friedman, included in Center membership ($50 ayear individual, $60 Jerome Nickel, and the editors; Desktop Publishing and Design: institution/foreign) or by separate subscription ($35 individual, $45 Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson ; Proofreading: Borden Elniff; institution/foreign (surface), $55 foreign (air). CU BA Update is Distribution: lrving Kessler. indexed in the Alternative Press lndex. We are grateful to the photographers. all of whom donate their work to CUBA Update, and to our readers who supply us with cl ippings. Front and back covers: Photographs by Janis Lewin. Contents Dateline Havana: Focus on Havana Eyeing Havana lnside front cover Havana Forever 1 Mario Coyula 2 Havana's Architecture 1 Sergio Baroni 5 Architecture and the City in Contemporary Cuban Culture 1 Coyula 13 My Laves for Havana: An lnterview with Mario Coyula 15 \l\fh11 1-l<:>11<:> n<:>? 1 Pctcr F\lncllcr 1 1:; 'f'fiiJ 1 1'-''fUII\..A ; 1 1 V!o.VI I .. VVYVI 1 \J Modern Architecture in Cuba 1 Eduardo Luis Rodríguez 19 Havana's Catholic Architecture on the Road to Modernism, 1940-1950 1 Hugo García 23 Havana: lt ls and lt lsn't 1 Mario González Sedeño 25 Eusebio Leal Looks at Old Havana 1 Marta Rojas 29 The Best Thing about Havana are the Bodies 1 Abilio Estévez 30 The Future of La Habana 1 Andres Duany 35 Havana: A Select Bibliography 1 Borden Elniff 37 Cuba 1 Cultural Cuban Art Space Makes lts Mark 1 Sandra Levinson 39 Salvador: Cuban Muralist Changes Philadelphia Landscape 1 Erin Doty 40 Book Review Conversatíons wíth Cuba by C. Peter Ripley 1 Aviva Chomsky 43

CUBA Update, Vol. XVIX, Nos. 2-3, January/March and Apríi/June 2000

Editor: Sandra Levinson Guest Editor this issue: Mario Coyula Associate Editor: Borden Elniff Contributing Editors: Jane Franklin; Saul Landau; Nita Manitzas, Miami; Pedro Pérez Sarduy, London; Michele Frank. M.O. (Health News), Reynaldo González, Erena Hernández, Gerardo Mosquera. Gail Reed , Marta Rojas, Havana Staff photographer: Andrea Brizzi Research and Writing: Erin Doty, Naomi Friedman, Betsy Maclean, Jerome Nickel, and the editors Desktop Publishing and Design: Jerome Nickel, Sandra Levinson Proofreading: Borden Elniff; Distribution: lrving Kessler. We are grateful to the photographers, all of whom donate their work to CUBA Update, and to our readers who supply us with clippings.

CUBA Update is a quarterly published by the Center for Cuban Studies, 124 West 23rd Street, New York, NY 10011, and supported in part by Update sponsors Aris Anagnos. Harry McAndrew. Suzanne McCormick, Robert Mabley, Renée-Marie Croase Parry, Rita Post, Stanley K. Sheinbaum, lver Torikien and William Worthy. lt is included in Center membership ($50 ayear individual, $60 institution/foreign) or by separate subscription ($35 individual, $45 institution/foreign (surface). $55 foreign (air). CUBA Update is indexed in the Alternativa Press lndex.