Federal Preliminary Assessment

Troh Legacy Landfill 10010 SE Vradenburg Rd. Happy Valley, OR 97086 EPA ID #ORN001002928

June 2011

Prepared For: Joanne LaBaw, Site Assessment Program US Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 Office of Environmental Cleanup 1200 Sixth Ave, Suite 900 Seattle, WA 98101

Prepared By: Sarah Miller Department of Environmental Quality Environmental Cleanup Division NWR Site Assessment Section 2020 SW Fourth Ave Suite 400 Portland, OR 97201

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GENERAL SITE DATA

Site Name and Address: Troh Legacy Landfill 10010 SE Vrandenburg Rd. Happy Valley, OR 97086

CERCLIS: #ORN001002928 ESCI: #5257

Congressional District: 3

Current Owners: Larry Burright Jr. Debbie Burright 8750 SE 155th Ave Space 6 B Happy Valley, OR 97086

Current Operator: No current operations

Site Contact: Larry Burright Jr.

Legal Description: Township 1 South, Range 2 East (Willamette Meridian), Section 25D, Tax Lot 00401 East side of tax lot Latitude & Longitude: 45.4488°N, 122.4957°W

Directions to site: From downtown Portland, OR: Head east on I-84 for 5miles Take exit 6 to 1-205 southbound- travel 3.6miles Take exit 17 Foster Road Turn left (east) on SE Woodstock for 0.3miles Follow road slight right to SE Foster-travel 3.1 miles Turn right (south) at SE 162nd Ave –travel 1.2 miles Take the 1st right (southwest) onto SE Vradenburg Rd- travel 0.8 miles Turn left (east) onto Airport Rd (gated road/driveway) approx. 0.2 miles Where Airport Rd bends to south, site is located to the NW of this point.

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Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 4 2. SITE DESCRIPTION, OPERATIONAL HISTORY, AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS . 4 2.1 Site Location ...... 4 2.2 Site Description ...... 5 2.3 Area History ...... 5 2.4 Site History and Waste Characteristics ...... 6 2.5 Ownership ...... 8 3. GROUND WATER PATHWAY ...... 9 3.1 Hydrogeologic Setting ...... 9 3.2 Site Soils ...... 10 3.3 Ground Water Targets/ Use ...... 11 3.3 Ground Water Conclusions...... 14 4. SURFACE WATER PATHWAY ...... 14 4.1 Hydrologic Setting ...... 14 4.2 Surface Water Targets ...... 14 5. SOIL EXPOSURE AND AIR PATHWAYS ...... 18 5.1 Local Land use ...... 18 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 21 7. REFERENCES ...... 23 APPENDICES ...... 26 Appendix A: Site Maps ...... 26 Appendix B: Site Photos ...... 26 Appendix C: Supplemental Information ...... 26

Table of Figures Table 1: 1971 Troh Site Metrics ...... 6 Table 2: Troh Legacy Landfill Soil type...... 11 Table 3: Number of Registered Ground Water Wells near Troh Legacy Landfill ...... 11 Table 4: Population using Domestic Wells ...... 12 Table 5: Sunrise Water Authority Blended system...... 13 Table 6: Drinking Water Providers ...... 15 Table 7: Sport harvest Clackamas River, below North Fork Dam (Dam located upstream of Estacada, OR) ...... 17 Table 8: Sport harvest Willamette River below Oregon City Falls ...... 17 Table 9: Population near Troh Legacy Landfill ...... 18 Table 10: School Populations within 4 mile TDL ...... 19 Table 11: Sensitive Species near Troh Legacy Landfill ...... 21

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1. INTRODUCTION

Pursuant to a Cooperative Agreement (V-96089701-1) between the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), the DEQ conducted a Preliminary Assessment (PA) of the former Troh Legacy Landfill located near Happy Valley, Oregon.

PA’s are intended generally to identify potential hazards at a site, identify sites that require immediate action and to establish priorities for sites requiring in-depth investigations. The PA is based on readily available information about the site and is not a complete investigation or characterization of the site.

The former Troh Legacy Landfill PA was conducted to identify potential public health and environmental threats related to the site. The PA is based on data derived from the sources listed in the reference section of this report. The scope of the investigation includes a review of available file information, interviews and an on-site reconnaissance inspection.

2. SITE DESCRIPTION, OPERATIONAL HISTORY, AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

2.1 Site Location

The former private Troh Legacy Landfill is centered near 45.4488°N, 122.4957°W and occupies Township 1 South, Range 2 East (Willamette Meridian), Section 25D Tax Lot 00401 and approximately 4.9 acres. The eastern 2 acres of the tax lot were known to be actively used as a landfill while the remaining 2 acres were available for future landfill use. According to Metro’s document ‘Our Landfill Legacy’ the owner applied to Clackamas County to permit another nearby 20 acre tax lot approximately 1,500 ft to the south (1S,3E,30C, TL01800) for waste disposal in 1971. Tax Lot 1800 currently is recorded as 15.51 acres and two other tax lots (1801; 2.0 acres, 1802; 2.49 acres) are located within Tax Lot 1800. Records document that it is unlikely this tax lot was ever approved for waste disposal. Therefore, the known landfill location at Tax Lot 401 is the subject of this PA.

The Troh Legacy Landfill is located in Happy Valley, Oregon and is on the top and eastern side of Scouter Mountain, part of the Boring Field, which is comprised of many cinder cones and small shield volcanoes east of Portland. The Landfill is located on approximately 2 acres adjacently northeast to the former privately owned Happy Valley airport, locally known as ‘Troh’s Nest’ at an elevation of approximately 750 ft above sea level. The Scouter Mountain Boy Scout Camp is also located approximately 1000 feet to the west of the former landfill.

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2.2 Site Description

The Troh Legacy Landfill operated from 1966 to 1971 and accepted demolition wastes. There are no current regulated operations on site. A residential house is located on the western portion of the tax lot. Current aerial photographs depict the vegetation in the eastern portion of the site as shrubby vegetation whereas the rest of the non-developed portions of the tax lot are covered in evergreen and deciduous trees.

2.3 Area History

The Troh Legacy Landfill is located in a transition zone between the conifer forests of the Cascade Mountains and the oak/prairie grasslands of the . Research into Government Land Office Surveys (GLO) by the Natural Resource Heritage program of the Nature Conservancy indicates that prior to Euro-American settlement Douglas-fir forest and woodland dominated most of the area. The uplands of the lava domes were characterized by closed canopy old growth Douglas-fir, grand fir, and bigleaf maple. Hazelnut, Pacific dogwood, vine maple, and Pacific yew composed the understory. The valley floor was similar, but also included western hemlock and western red cedar.

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, Euro-Americans gradually converted the forested landscape to a patchwork of farms, including cropland, pasture, and orchards. The soils of Rock Creek watershed, the valley east of the property, were not ideal for farming, so they were not the first to be cleared and tilled. The earliest settlers practiced a combination of logging and subsistence agriculture rather than large-scale commercial farming. Dairy farming was fairly important in this area in the 1920s and 1930s. The early farmers of the area had to deal with over-saturated local soils by devising extensive tile drainage systems.

Farming peaked just before World War II, and then gradually declined as the area became drawn into the post-war suburban housing boom. Large farms were subdivided again and again. Areas with relatively well-drained soils suitable for septic fields were developed as large lot (one half to two acres) home sites that are fairly common in the land use pattern today. (Reference 4)

The city of Happy Valley incorporated in 1965, and remained a small community until the late 1990s, when it became one of the fastest growing cities in Oregon with a population increase of 61% between year 2000 and 2005. (Reference 36)

Currently, the surrounding Scouter Mountain area is zoned for rural residential and the former Happy Valley airport was developed into approximately 5 acre residential plots in the 1990’s. Ninety acres of the nearby Boy Scout Camp was purchased by the Metro Government as a park and greenspace in 2010, leaving 100 acres as Scouter Mountain Boy Scout Camp. Happy Valley to the west of Scouter Mountain is rapidly urbanizing to residential use, while Pleasant Valley (Rock Creek drainage) to the east of Scouter Mountain is currently rural residential and is likely to be urbanized under the Damascus/Boring Concept Plan(Reference 3). Scouter Mountain itself is designated as low density residential under the Concept Plan (Figure 17).

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2.4 Site History and Waste Characteristics

The Troh Legacy Landfill operated from 1966 to 1971 and accepted demolition wastes. Demolition wastes were defined to include only land-clearing debris and other construction and demolition type materials. Putrescibles and special wastes were not accepted. (Reference 9)

Construction and demolition waste is defined as solid waste resulting from the construction, repair, or demolition of buildings, roads and other structures, and debris from the clearing of land, but not including clean fill when separated from other construction and demolition wastes. Such waste typically consists of materials including concrete, bricks, bituminous concrete, asphalt paving, untreated or chemically treated wood, glass, masonry, roofing, siding, plaster; and soils, rock, stumps, boulders, brush, and other similar material.

Solid Waste Landfill Study- 1971- This report, prepared for Clackamas County by CH2M Hill, describes the Troh Legacy Landfill as ‘hillside location in sparsely settled rural area adjacent to small private hilltop airfield; in good appearance; two acres in use’.

CH2M Hill’s specific future recommendations for the Troh Legacy Landfill included, ‘the site can be operated adequately as a demolition landfill, or enough soil cover is available that a small sanitary landfill could be operated. Presently the fill is pushed out into the surrounding trees and a condition for potential forest fire exists. A 10 ft wide fire trail cleared around the base of the fill is recommended to prevent the spread of fire into the woods.’ The CH2M Hill final recommendation to county commissioners was to permit the Troh Legacy Landfill as a limited ‘all types of waste’ (sanitary landfill) operation in the future. Additional metrics on the Troh Legacy Landfill were as follows: Table 1: 1971 Troh Site Metrics Site Refuse Frequency of Vector Control Availability of cover Accepted (soil) covering material Troh Demolition Intermittent No apparent Limited soil on site; problem importation of soil required if covered daily

Site Access road and Burning Fire Control Salvaging?* Drainage Compaction fences of refuse Control Troh Winding all No Tree adjacent No No Bulldozer weather; limited could be in significant available access due to danger of fire. surface water for hilly wooded No water flow into site spreading area supply on site. no leachate at and fill bottom compaction- good compaction *Salvaging refers to recycling

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The report also describes the Troh Legacy Landfill capacity as 2 acres in use, with 2 acres at a depth of 20 feet available. The remaining capacity was 40 acre feet (64,000 cu yds).

While not confirmed by available documents, DEQ suspects that nearby construction or demolition at that time that may have deposited wastes in the landfill includes the adjacent Happy Valley Airport constructed in 1964, as the airport and Landfill were associated with the same family name (Troh). An anonymous complaint to DEQ in 2002 stated that the airport serviced many small planes and possible historic practices included dumping of oils. Another nearby landfill, Happy Valley Homes Landfill (ECSI#3892), approximately 0.6 miles on the north side of Scouters Mountain accepted construction and demolition debris from1964 and 1972 comprised primarily of tree stumps and debris from homes demolished during the construction of Interstate Highway 205.

The 1974 COR-MET study says the Troh site was closed in 1971(Reference 9). Based on this time frame and other available records, DEQ’s judgment is that it is unlikely that the site was ever approved to continue operation as a demolition landfill or begin operation as sanitary landfill. DEQ Solid Waste section does not have file information about the Troh Legacy Landfill. Other names for the Troh Legacy Landfill on county records include ‘Troh’s Nest’ and ‘Obrist & Chaney’.

The earliest available USGS aerial photograph from 1952 depicts a forested area with possible jeep trails in the tax lot with no noticeable buildings. Farms are located in the valley areas. An aerial photograph from 1960 shows the property area cleared of vegetation and the beginnings of one airport runway, a square structure located near the current residence and another rectangular structure near the north end of the runway. No discernable landfill features were seen in the location of the landfill. The 1970 aerial shows two runways, a cleared field/area to the south of the runways and the structures as described above. Vegetation to the south of the current residential building is filling in, while the area of the landfill to the east appears to be either grass or bare ground. See Figures 5-8.

Historic Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps are not available for this area. The Fire Marshall’s Incident Index does not report any incidents in the area.

DEQ did not find any existing analytical data or documented contamination on the property.

During the site visit on March 15, 2011 by DEQ, personnel found incompletely covered items including tires, metal, containers (metal, glass, plastic), old empty drums, demolition wastes (pavement, concrete, asphalt roofing shingles, wood), carpet & foam padding, automotive debris- i.e. car seats & enamel containers in various states of decomposition.

Contaminants of concern for the Troh Legacy Landfill include: Metals- metal found in debris pile polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)- from petroleum based products, including asphalt roofing shingles, tires, pavement, residuals from automotive containers, etc Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) -building materials, sealants and plasticizers

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) - from carpet, foam padding and car seats, etc. Semi-volatile organics (SVOCs)- building materials, paints and coatings (ex. enamel) Methane gases- decomposition of building materials & wood Pesticides (DDx and Dieldrin)- possible residual from discarded containers and demolition associated soils

2.5 Ownership Ownership during operation of the Troh Legacy Landfill includes the following based on Clackamas County records via the Metro Our Landfill Legacy document (Reference 9):

Landfill Ownership: 1966-?: Hank Troh 1970 L.A. Slaback- via 7/1970 handwritten Clackamas County office notes 1971 Pat Chaney – via 7/1971 "Proposed Solid Waste Landfill site" 1971- Automation Enterprises – via 9/3/1971 hand-written Clackamas County office notes

Landfill Operator: Private L.A. Slaback (2/1971 letter from Clackamas County) Loren Obrist (7/1970 office notes)

The operator Automation Enterprises fell into dissolution in 1994, the last known registered agent is Dale Chaney. Clackamas county tax records indicate that the last sale date of tax lot 0401 was 3/1/1993. The current owner, Larry Burright, Jr. inherited the property from the late Larry Burright Sr. in approximately 1999. In 1984, Mr. Burright Sr. filed a lawsuit against Pat Chaney and was awarded the property in 1993 as a result. Dale Chaney (Pat Chaney’s son) was the power of attorney for Pat Chaney during the 1990’s as Pat Chaney was located out of state.(Reference 26) As of 2010 a contract buyer, Mr. Richard Bundy, is currently on the property deed.

Mr.s. Burright Sr. and Jr. owned another historic landfill in the area, Happy Valley Homes Landfill (ECSI#3892) which also accepted construction and demolition debris from1964 and 1972; primarily tree stumps and debris from homes demolished during the construction of Interstate Highway 205. DEQ ordered the landfill to close in 1972. (Reference 13) This landfill is currently waiting DEQ review under the Independent Cleanup Program.

2.6 Site Visit A site visit was conducted by DEQ conducted on March 15, 2011. The owner’s environmental consultant, Mr. Brent Jorgenson, Creekside Environmental, Inc., met DEQ personnel on site. See Appendix B: Site Photos for additional details.

The residential house looks to be about 1960’s vintage with multiple outbuildings, including a possible small well house to the north approx. 30 feet and a large 5-4 bay shop across the drive. There is also a concrete pad to the south of the house, reminiscent of an old building or garage pad. The house is currently being used as a residential rental.

DEQ personnel observed the landfill’s northern edge has trees growing through it, while the central and southern section is briar covered. The treed area of the landfill is higher in elevation than the briar area by about 20 feet. It looks like there was recent earth moving work to possibly provide access through the briars from the top ledge of the hill near the shop and residence area

8 to the landfill. The landfill is mostly covered with a layer of soil; however some wastes are exposed to the open in the northern treed area. Some of the specific wastes that could be seen in the treed area were tires, metal, containers (metal, glass, plastic), old drums, demolition wastes (pavement, concrete, roofing shingles, wood), carpet & foam padding, automotive debris-i.e. car seats & enamel containers. Some of the material appeared to be disposed of recently (i.e. between1971 and present day), based on some of the containers found-plastic milk jugs, etc. DEQ did not walk down on the briar area of the landfill, which had been cleared of brush, as it appeared very muddy with uncertain footing.

Orange colored leachate was found draining from the landfill toe near where the treed area and briar area meet. The leachate drained into an ephemeral stream that was flowing at the time. The ephemeral stream went towards the south and off the property line. At the toe, the landfill is approximately 40 feet high and extends laterally to an old barbwire fence line, presumably the property line. The fence was broken down in many places. DEQ did not detect any odors during the site visit.

At the top of the property, we walked west along Airport Road, outside the landfill tax lot, and observed some trash dumped in the ravine north of the road (no photos) and sporadic rubbish under trees and near out buildings. There also appeared to be areas where no vegetation was present or only briars grew. The area looked leveled (not natural) but may have been part of the old airport runway structure. Soils appeared clayey and many puddles formed, which indicated limited infiltration was occurring, although there were heavy rain downpours during the visit.

Other nearby items of note:

There are no ECSI sites listed within 0.25 miles of the site.

3. GROUND WATER PATHWAY

3.1 Hydrogeologic Setting

Regional Geology The site is located within the northern Willamette Valley in the Boring Lava Field which is comprised of many cinder cones and small shield volcanoes to the east of Portland. In later Tertiary and early Quaternary time, scores of volcanoes erupted in the Lava Field. The products of this episode of volcanism have been named the Boring lava for their occurrence near the town of Boring, Oregon. They are basaltic flows and pyroclastic rocks of local origin, mostly near their source vents. See Appendix C for a geologic map of the area.

The Boring lava is exposed in eruptive vents, many of which still have their initial cone shape, and in dissected lava plains. The Boring lava is exposed only on higher topographic levels and prominences, but probably present locally beneath the mantle of Quaternary sediments that covers much of the area. The Boring lava is composed mainly of basaltic flow rocks, but locally contains , ash, tuff, cinders, and scoriaceous phases. The flows commonly are light-

9 gray to nearly black, with lighter tones predominating, and are characterized by and flow structure which in places results in platiness of the rock. Nearby well logs also indicate that the rock was broken and/or fractured (Appendix C). Most of the Boring lava was erupted onto a surface of the Troutdale formation, an alluvial deposit described as mudstone and .

The Boring lava probably is the product of local and discontinuous volcanic activity. Scores of small volcanoes contributed to the formation, but they probably were not in eruption simultaneously. The lava apparently was viscous, because most of the flows did not move far from their source vent, which is also consistent with local well boring records. However, the relatively minor amounts of pyroclastic rocks in the Boring lava indicate that explosive eruptions apparently were rare. (Reference 32)

Local Geology and Hydrology

The Troh Legacy Landfill is located on Scouter Mountain, part of the Boring Lava Field, east of Portland between the Johnson Creek drainage to the north and Clackamas River drainage to the south (Figure 11). The underlying geology is Mt Scott , a specific type of Boring lava, which is generally 100 to 200 feet thick except at areas near lava vents where the basalt layer can be thicker. Springwater Formation and Troutdale Formation, both alluvial deposits, are below the basalt. (Reference 32) A sampling of water well drill reports in the section attest to the general thickness of basalt to about 200 feet, before finding significant gravels or clay. In addition, ground water was generally first encountered in this gravel/clay horizon in well logs.(Reference 23) Perched ground water occurs in some parts of the Troutdale gravel , particularly those associated with the Boring however, the perched ground water bodies are discontinuous and irregularly distributed.

Ground water movement primarily is controlled by the topography of the basin area. Much of the ground water in upland recharge areas along the Boring Lava Field is expected to move downward and regionally to the south and west toward the Clackamas and Willamette Rivers. Local well logs indicate that the lava is often fractured, making it difficult to predict flow direction. Perched water in the site vicinity may migrate to the east and south towards Rock Creek and the Clackamas Basin. (Reference 33)

3.2 Site Soils

The surface of much of the Boring lava has been weathered to depths of 25 feet or more. The upper 5 to 15 feet commonly is a red clayey soil. (Reference 32)

The Agriculture Department’s Natural Resource Conservation Service has characterized the soil type for the tax lot as follows:

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Table 2: Troh Legacy Landfill Soil type Soil Type Percentage of Site Acres* Drainage Class Hydric Soil? (%)* Cascade 62 2.5 Somewhat No Loam, 8-15% poorly drained slopes Cascade Silt 38 1.5 Somewhat No Loam 30-60% poorly drained slopes *Estimates based on Soil calculator that allows for rectangular shapes -tax lot is an irregular triangle.

Cascade Silt Loam is somewhat poorly drained, slow to rapid runoff and exhibits slow permeability (Reference 28). During the site visit, the site soils were witnessed as poorly drained based on standing water on the landfill and near the residence. See Appendix C for a soils map.

Annual Precipitation The nearest precipitation gauge, at Oregon City, approximately 9 miles to the south, had an average annual precipitation of 46.7 inches between 1971 and 2000. The 24 hour mean annual max precipitation is estimated between 2-2.5 inches. The 24-hour 100 year reoccurrence precipitation event is estimated at 4-4.5 inches. (Reference 20)

3.3 Ground Water Targets/ Use

There are 652 ground water wells registered with the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) within a 4-mile radius of the site. The actual number of ground water wells may be greater since OWRD did not require registration of newly constructed wells until 1958. Figure 9 from OWRD is a water right map which typically does not include domestic use wells (Reference 22). Ground water in the area is usually drawn from the Troutdale Formation.

Table 3: Number of Registered Ground Water Wells near Troh Legacy Landfill Distance(miles) Domestic Irrigation Community Livestock Industrial Thermal Total 0-0.25 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.25-0.5 5 1 0 0 0 0 6 0.5-1 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1-2 mile 225 14 1 1 0 1 242 2-4 miles 346 42 10 1 1 0 400

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On-site Wells

There is an on-site well to service the residential house. At the time of the DEQ site visit, the house was used as a rental; at least one person occupied the home during the site visit. Well records for this quarter Section have well completed depths between 200 and 700 feet. The exact on site well could not be identified in the Water Resources database. Well #CLAC-0329 (Appendix C) may be the on-site well, as it was issued to Mrs. Henry Troh in 1968, however the address does not fit (Reference 22). The address is 9700 SE 162nd Ave-which would be at the end of SE 162nd Ave-at the intersection of SE Vradenburg. It is possible that SE Vradenburg was not a county recognized street in 1968. The well was drilled to a depth of 540 ft.

Domestic Wells An estimate of persons using domestic wells within the distance rings are provided below. Estimates are based on estimated 2009 average household size in census tract 222.03 which is 3.3 persons.

Table 4: Population using Domestic Wells Distance Number of Wells Population 0-0.25 2 7 0.25-0.5 5 16 0.5-1 2 7 1-2 mile 225 742 2-4 miles 346 1,201 Total 652 1,973

Irrigation There are 57 registered irrigation ground water wells within the 4 mile radius (Reference 23). Oregon Water Right records do not note any large scale commercial agricultural or food preparation companies; however aerial maps show some patterns of possible food production agriculture in the area, it is unknown if is used for agriculture production. Based on aerial photography, there are no known commercial livestock areas. One rhododendron nursery was recorded. Four irrigation rights appear to be for landscape purposes, , including Willamette National Cemetery.

Off-site Community Wells There are 11 community wells within the 4 mile radius of the site, serving an approximately combined 80,000 population. The public wells tend to be seasonal, while the smaller private wells are permanent water sources. The specific wells are described below.

Pleasant Valley School SD 28J Well-

This permanent well (OR41 91947) serves 650 people for the Pleasant Valley Elementary School, 1.3 miles to the Northeast.

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Sunrise Water Authority –

This district (OR41 00635) formed in 2000 when the Mt. Scott Water District and Damascus Water District consolidated. It operates 6 wells within the target distance and serves 40,374. One well is registered to Mt. Scott Water District and 5 to Damascus Water District in OWRD records (Reference 21). The Authority uses 5 wells seasonally during the peak summer season. The majority of the water comes from a surface water intake on the Clackamas River. Well # 5 is the closest well at 1.7 miles to the SW. Well #4, 2.1 to the SW, is a permanent well. According to the Sunrise Water Authority (Reference 27), Well #4 is labeled permanent, but is only used during peak season or for emergency use. The estimated percent of water that comes from all ground water wells is 1%. Apportioned out for the following:

Table 5: Sunrise Water Authority Blended system

Water Source Annual Percentage Apportioned District population

Ground water 1% 403

Surface Water 99% 39,971

Riverbend Mobile Home Park-

Two permanent wells (OR41 01053) 2.9 miles to the Southeast serve 550 people.

Riverview Manufactured Home Court-

Two permanent wells (OR41 01145) serve 375 people 3.3 miles to the south.

Powell Valley Road Water District-

Two seasonal wells (Gilbert 3 &4) are located 3.2 miles to the north. In 2007 this water district (OR41 00666) went through formal dissolution and now is serviced by the City of Portland Water Bureau. The Powell Valley Road Water District formally served 39,000.

Kingswood Heights-

This permanent private community well (OR41 00358) is located 3.4 miles to the east and serves 138 people.

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Other A domestic well for the Scouter Mountain Boy Scout Camp could not be specifically located within the well records. It is possible that the well could be registered under a personal name or supplied by the water district.

3.3 Ground Water Conclusions

The landfill is not likely to contaminate local ground water wells, given the basalt layer of about 200 feet underlying the landfill; however some wells indicate evidence of fractured basalt. Domestic wells in the vicinity of the landfill are constructed between 200-700 feet deep and pull water from the aquifer below the basalt strata. The likely on-site domestic well is 540 feet deep and should be tested to confirm toxic substances are not reaching the ground water and domestic water well supply.

4. SURFACE WATER PATHWAY

4.1 Hydrologic Setting

The Troh Legacy Landfill lies in a ravine along the east side of Scouter Mountain at the south side of the watershed divide of the Clackamas River basin (south) and Johnson Creek basin (north). (See Figure 11) During the site visit, leachate seep was found to be the head of an ephemeral stream (visual estimate of 0.1 cfs) that headed south into the ravine for approximately 0.5 miles. The ravine contains an ephemeral stream during wet conditions, which would drain into an ephemeral creek for approximately 0.5 mile and on to Rock Creek, a perennial stream. Rock Creek flows south for approximately 2.5 miles through rural residential areas, hobby farms, the former Pleasant Valley Golf Course and then through a steep canyon, past the new Verne Duncan Elementary school, through more farm areas, under Hwy 212 and enters the Clackamas River at river mile, 6.2. Large scale farming occurs on the east side of the canyon, while residential sub-divisions appear on the west side of Rock Creek canyon. The estimated annual average flow from Rock Creek is 21 cubic feet per second (cfs) and the Clackamas River average flow is 3,200 cfs near the mouth at Oregon City. Rock Creek is approximately 0.6% of the Clackamas River’s annual flow. The Clackamas River flows into the Willamette River at river mile 25. The average Willamette River annual flow at Portland is approximately 33,000 cfs. (Reference #31)

According to Federal Emergency Management Agency flood insurance maps, the Troh Legacy Landfill is not in a 100 or 500 year flood plain. (Federal Emergency Management Agency: Map Service Center: Flood Insurance Map ID# 41005C0053D)

4.2 Surface Water Targets

Drinking water intakes: The Clackamas River basin supplies much of the SE Portland Metro area suburbs, over 220,000 people, with drinking water through public and private water intakes. There are three providers

14 that supply independent water districts within the 15-mile TDL including; Clackamas River Water (Milwaukie, Sunnyside, Clackamas, City of Lake Oswego), the North Clackamas County Water Commission (City of Gladstone, Oak Lodge Water District and Sunrise Water Authority) and South Fork Water Board (Oregon City and West Linn). Individual water districts may have inactive emergency ground water wells (Reference 21). The drinking water intakes are centered near the lower Clackamas River between Gladstone and Carver approximately 10 miles downstream of the landfill. See Figure 11 for approximate intake locations.

Table 6: Drinking Water Providers Supplier DHS Population Availability Permanent Blended Distance Inventory # Served Source? System? from PPE Clackamas OR41 74,000 Year round Yes No** 9 River 00187 Water North OR41 85,000 Year round Yes No* 9 Clackamas 00580 Water Com. South Fork OR41 68,240 Year round Yes No** 10 Water 00591 Board *The Sunrise Water Authority uses seasonal wells during peak summer season. ** Inactive well: Emergency only for City of Lake Oswego, South Fork Water Board, Sunrise Water Authority

Irrigation intakes: Five surface water points of diversion are located on Rock Creek and irrigate a total of 68 acres. The closest point of diversion to the site is approximately 1 mile away. Agricultural land in this area generally is hay and some row crops at the downstream end of Rock Creek near Hwy 212. There are 22 surface water points of irrigation diversion on the Clackamas River, where a total maximum of 2.02 cubic feet per second withdrawal for irrigation occurs (Reference 24). Possible crops, based on soil type, include hay, pasture, strawberries, nursery stock or other vegetables. See Appendix C for soils map.

Recreational use:

Rock Creek flows through private land and may receive recreational use from private landowners. Walking trails are available at Hood View Park, near the Rock Creek riparian area approximately 1.5 miles downstream of the Troh Legacy Landfill. The Clackamas and Willamette Rivers are used for fishing, boating and water contact activities, including swimming, particularly on the Clackamas River at High Rocks City Park in Gladstone. Waterskiing and jet- skiing are common recreational activities along this stretch of the Willamette River. Clackamette Park and Meldrum Bar Park provide boat ramps. All other parks generally provide public riverside access points.

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Specific parks along the 15-mile TDL include:

Clackamas River: Distance (River Mile) Riverside County Park 6 High Rocks City Park 10 Clackamette Park 11

Willamette River: Clackamette Park 11 Meldrum Bar 12 Maddox Woods/Goat Island 12 Mary S. Young State Park 13

Wetlands According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife National Wetlands Inventory, there are no wetlands on site. The ephemeral creek and Rock Creek water edges were not considered a wetland by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Wetlands Inventory. The Clackamas River edges have 14 miles (both sides of channel) of riverine wetland frontage. The Willamette River edges have 8 miles (both sides of channel) of riverine wetland frontage. On closer inspection there are patches of freshwater emergent wetlands along the Clackamas River for approximately 4 miles intermixed with the riverine wetlands (Reference 30).

Water Quality Impaired Streams Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality has added sections of the 15-mile downstream TDL to the 303(d) list for impaired streams. The Rock Creek is listed for bacteria and the Clackamas River is listed for temperature and bacteria below the mouth of Rock Creek. The lower Willamette River is listed for mercury, temperature and bacteria. Fish tissue in the lower Willamette show mercury at levels that could adversely affect public health, which is the primary reason for the mercury listing.

4.3 Sensitive Fisheries Targets

Lower Rock Creek supports small populations of spawning and rearing Coho and winter steelhead as well as rearing and spawning fall Chinook. A 20-foot waterfall about one half mile upstream of the mouth limits fish passage in Rock Creek, although resident inhabit the middle reach of Rock Creek. The Clackamas River and a small portion at the mouth of Rock Creek are designated ‘Critical Habitat’ for Chinook salmon and steelhead. (Reference 35) Federally threatened Fish species in the Clackamas River basin include Lower Columbia steelhead, Lower Columbia Coho, Lower Columbia fall Chinook and Lower Columbia spring Chinook. In addition to a critical habitat for fish species listed above, the Lower Willamette River serves as rearing and migratory pathway for upper Willamette River Chinook and upper Willamette River steelhead.

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There are no commercial fisheries within the Willamette River or Clackamas River. Recreational and tribal fishing occur in portions downstream of the target site for salmon, trout, warm water fishes (ex. bass), sturgeon and pacific lamprey. Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife reports sport harvest take in the 15-mile TDL from 2009 (Reference 15) as indicated in Tables 7 and 8 below. The TDL represents a percentage of the sport harvest river length, which is multiplied by the number caught and average weight of fish species to estimate pounds of catch.

Table 7: Sport harvest Clackamas River, below North Fork Dam (Dam located upstream of Estacada, OR) Species Number caught Average weight % of TDL Pounds of per fish(lbs) Catch Coho 2,077 8 37% 6,147 Fall Chinook 158 30 37% 1,665 Spring Chinook 911 30 37% 10,112 Summer Chinook 2404 30 37% 26,684 Winter Steelhead 2377 8 37% 7,035 Green Sturgeon N/A 37% 0 White Sturgeon N/A 37% 0

Table 8: Sport harvest Willamette River below Oregon City Falls Species Number Caught Average % of TDL Pounds of weight per Catch fish(lbs) Coho 210 8 15% 252 Fall Chinook 48 30 15% 216 Spring Chinook 7216 30 15% 32,472 Summer Chinook 1066 30 15% 4,797 Winter Steelhead 921 8 15% 1,105 Green Sturgeon 69 27* 15% 279 White Sturgeon 10,595 27* 15% 42,909 *Average weight devised by determining average sport fishing keeper length and lookup tables for length vs. weight for sturgeon.

4.3 Surface Water Conclusions

Leachate pathway from the landfill to a flowing ephemeral stream was complete during a normal winter rain event. Orange precipitate was found from the leachate spring to the ephemeral stream and in the stream. DEQ did not analyze landfill leachate for potential hazardous substances or if there were additional leachate seeps in the southern half of the landfill.

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5. SOIL EXPOSURE AND AIR PATHWAYS

5.1 Local Land use

On-site workers: The landfill is not active and no onsite workers exist, however there is an on-site residence (rental house). The driveway is gated and has the ability to lock. Blackberry briars generally cover the probable landfill area and access on the west, east and south approach. During DEQ’s 2011 site visit, a path to the landfill was created from Airport Road. The landfill in the treed area and base of the landfill could be accessed by adjoining property owners to the northeast as the barb-wire fence is broken down.

DEQ estimates roughly 95% of the area has soil cover. Some wastes are exposed to the air and weather, particularly in the northern treed area-where soils do not completely cover the landfill and blackberry briars are not present to create a deterrent to on-site visitors.

Commercial Resources: Based on aerial photography, there are no major commercial resources, including agriculture, livestock or silviculture, present within ½ miles of the site. Abundant Life Church is approximately 0.6 miles to the east of the site.

Residential Land Use: Residences adjacent and within 1 mile of the Troh Legacy Landfill are generally low density, with lots ranging from 1 to 40 acres. The onsite rental house is located less than 100 ft upslope and to the west of the landfill. Two houses downslope are within 1,000 feet of the landfill. One residential house is located approximately 200 ft to the NE and another house is approximately 400 feet to the South and down slope of the landfill. Approximately 1 mile to the west, suburban housing is present. The estimated 2009 average household size in census tract 222.03 is 3.3 persons and population of census tract equaled 9,846 persons. The table below is based on 2000 census data with estimated 2007 populations and projected 2012 populations from the Missouri Census Data Center (Reference 8).

Table 9: Population near Troh Legacy Landfill

Population 0-0.25 0.25-0.5 0.5-1 mile 1-2 miles 2-3 miles 3-4 miles 0-4 miles miles miles Year 2007 33* 83* 969 8,880 29,577 69,347 108,773 Year 2012 N/A N/A 975 9,115 31,675 72,468 114,233

*0-0.25 and 0.25- 0.5 mile data was estimated based on 2009 average household size and a visual count of houses within that distance using current aerial maps.

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Recreational Land Use:

There are no Federal or State Parks in the 4 mile distance of the Troh Legacy Landfill. There are 5 city and 2 regional parks within the 4 mile radius of Troh Legacy Landfill, most of the larger parks are located near or on the many lava buttes in the area. There are more than 10 small neighborhood parks (less than 5 acres) generally to the south of the site. See Figure 16 for locations.

Metro Regional Park: Scouter Mountain Natural Area

This approximately 90 acre day use park and natural area is under development on the north side of Scouter Mountain about 0.5 miles from the site. It proposes to have trails and picnic shelters and possibly open to the public as early as summer 2012.

Metro Regional Park: Nature Park: The largest undeveloped butte in the area is the 200 acre Mount Talbert Nature Park. It provides restrooms and 4 miles of hiking trails. This park is approximately 4 miles to the Southwest.

Schools and Day Care facilities:

Scouters Mountain Boy Scout Camp: The 100-acre Scouter Mountain Boy Scout Camp is the closet child facility to the site, located on the west slopes of Scouter Mountain less than 0.5 mile from the site. This camp hosts week long resident camp and day camps during summer months. The camp is also available for weekend trips during the school year. More than 2,000 campers visit every summer.

Schools: There are 12 schools within 4 miles of the Troh Legacy Landfill. Most were built in the last 10 years to accommodate the growing population of children in the area (Reference 10). See Figure 16 for locations.

Table 10: School Populations within 4 mile TDL Distance Number of Schools Student Population 0-0.5 miles 0 0 0.5-1 mile 3 1,732 1-2 mile 1 526 2-3 mile 6 4,722 3-4 2 993 Totals 12 7,973

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Day Care Facilities There are approximately15 day care facilities within the 4-mile radius. The closest facility is Happy Valley Preschool and Child Care, located near Happy Valley Middle School, 1 mile to the west. The center provides child care from 7am to 5pm during weekdays. 5 of the 15 day care facilities appear to be commercial child care, while 10 day care facilities appear to be in-home child care. (Reference 7)

Cultural/Anthropological Sites:

A search under Oregon Historic Sites database yielded no results for the site. Historical places near Happy Valley and Damascus were generally buildings and structures of note.

The Clackamas Band, related to the larger Chinookan language group of the lower Columbia River, were likely the primary residents of the Rock Creek area. They left little direct evidence of their presence, but their primary use of the area would have been fishing in the lower areas of the creek. The intersection of Hwy 212 and SE Sunnyside Road in Damascus was formerly a seasonal gathering area for native peoples. By burning the uplands periodically, they would have facilitated hunting and travel, as well as gathering of acorns, hazelnuts, and wild berries.

The area was crisscrossed with important Indian travel routes that were later incorporated into Euro-American settlement patterns. Among these was the Foster-Barlow trail that connected Mt Hood, Oregon City, Milwaukie and Portland. Generally these routes follow the valley floors and gaps between the lava domes.

Wetlands: There are no recognized wetlands within 0.5 mile of the Troh Legacy Landfill. There are approximately 46 acres of Forest/shrub wetlands, 5 acres of freshwater ponds and 2 acres of freshwater emergent wetlands within the 4 mile TDL. Many of the wetlands are fragmented in approximately 2 acre areas. (Reference 30)

Sensitive Terrestrial species: There are no known surveys of federally listed endangered or threatened wildlife species readily found for the Scouter Mountain/Happy Valley area. There are no known terrestrial sensitive environments located at the Troh Legacy Landfill. Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed species that occur in Clackamas County (Reference 34) are as follows:

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Table 11: Sensitive Species near Troh Legacy Landfill Species Federal ESA Critical Habitat Critical Habitat Critical Habitat Category needed in County within 4 miles Chinook Salmon Threatened Rearing/migratory Yes Yes Coho Salmon Threatened N/A** N/A** N/A** Steelhead Threatened Rearing/migratory Yes Yes Northern Spotted Threatened Old Growth No No Owl Forest Willamette Daisy Threatened Alluvial Yes Not likely* Soils/Wetland Nelson’s Checker Threatened Ash Swales/ No No Mallow Wetland North American Proposed listing Alpine No No Wolverine Streaked horned Proposed listing Bare ground, No No Lark fallow fields *Reviewer’s best professional judgment based on wetland availability in the area and species’ preferred soil types. **Critical Habitat for Lower Columbia River being developed by NOAA.

A list of terrestrial species of concern is provided in Appendix C.

5.3 Soil Exposure and Air Pathway Conclusions

Some landfill wastes in the treed area are not completely covered with soil and exposed to the air and dust from wastes may become airborne. The landfill briar area appears to be covered with soil. The landfill does have vegetation growth on most of the area which may buffer wind and distance dust can travel. Odors were not noticeable during the site visit. Demolition debris, including wood and drywall, could release explosive gases (methane, hydrogen sulfide) while decomposing. It was not possible to examine for gas vents due to the briar and mud cover.

6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The Troh Legacy Landfill formally operated from 1966 to 1971 and accepted demolition wastes, although some on-site wastes suggest some modern day dumping of household wastes. Troh Legacy Landfill is located in the town of Happy Valley, a rapidly urbanizing area in the southeastern Portland Metro region. The adjacent land use around the site is likely to continue as low density residential.

The ground water in the surrounding area is used for domestic drinking water and as a seasonal public water supply. An ephemeral stream drains from the landfill downslope and likely to Rock Creek. Rock Creek contains upstream resident trout and migratory salmon from the mouth to river mile 0.5. Public access to the landfill is limited, although private residences along the east side of the property could possibly walk to the landfill as the barb wire fence is broken.

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Possible contaminants of concern are metals, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, pesticides and/or explosive gases. There are no documented analytical data to determine if contaminants are at levels of concern. Historic documents suggested that leachate is not present; however DEQ staff observed orange leachate draining from the landfill to an ephemeral stream that migrated off the property during a typical winter rain event.

Further site investigation appears warranted under CERCLA based on:

Absence of analytical data Presence of leachate from landfill Pathway of leachate moves off the property and into surface waters On-site domestic drinking water well Some wastes not completely covered with soil

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7. REFERENCES

1. Boy Scouts of America. Scouters Mountain Boy Scout Camp Property Details. http://www.cpcbsa.org/camping/camp-properties/scouters'-mountain Accessed March 3, 2011.

2. Clackamas County Department of Transportation and Development. Solid Waste Landfill Study: Clackamas County, Oregon. Prepared by CH2M Hill. May 1971.

3. Clackamas County Department of Transportation and Development. Damascus/Boring Concept Plan Map. Approved November 29, 2005. http://www.clackamas.us/transportation/damascus/

4. Clackamas River Basin Watershed Council. Rock and Richardson Creek Watershed Assessment. Prepared by Ecotrust. October 2000.

5. Federal Emergency Management Agency: Map Service Center: Flood Insurance Map ID# 41005C0053D. Viewed March 22, 2011. http://msc.fema.gov/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/FemaWelcomeView?storeId=10001&catalogId= 10001&langId=-1&userType=G

6. Fire Marshall’s Incident Index. http://159.121.82.250/CR2K_IncDB/Incidents_by_Street_1.html Accessed March 3, 2011.

7. Google Maps. Places Page: Day care facilities near Happy Valley, Oregon. Accessed March 2, 2011. http://www.google.com

8. Missouri Census Data Center. Circular Area Profiles (CAPS). Year 2000 data. http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/caps.html

9. Metro. Our Landfill Legacy: Metro-area landfills closed since 1960 and their impact on the region’s urban and natural environment. #114 Troh Landfill. Prepared by Metro Engineering and Environmental Services Solid Waste and Recycling Department. March 2004. http://library.oregonmetro.gov/files/landfill_legacy.pdf

10. North Clackamas School District. School Profiles. Accessed March 2, 2011. http://www.nclack.k12.or.us/northclack/site/default.asp

11. Oregon Dept of Environmental Quality. Vulnerable Areas Viewer GIS map. Internal database. Accessed March 1, 2011.

12. Oregon Dept of Environmental Quality. Willamette Total Maximum Daily Load. Overview Section. Sept. 2006. http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/tmdls/docs/willamettebasin/willamette/chpt1overview.pdf

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13. Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality. Land Quality Division: Cleanup Section. Environmental Cleanup Site Information database(ECSI)#5257 files & #3892 files.

14. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Wildlife Division: Threatened, Endangered, and Candidate Fish and Wildlife Species in Oregon; Clackamas County. Accessed March 3, 2011. http://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/diversity/species/threatened_endangered_candidate_list.asp

15. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Fish Division. 2009 Oregon Salmon, Steelhead, & Sturgeon Sport Catch Statistics. Accessed April 4, 2011. http://www.dfw.state.or.us/resources/fishing/sportcatch.asp

16. Oregon Department of Human Services. Oregon Drinking Water Inventory. On-line Data. http://170.104.63.9/index.html Accessed Feb 18, 2011

17. Oregon Revised Statute. 2009. Local and Special Fishing Regulations. ORS#511.806 http://www.leg.state.or.us/ors/511.html

18. Oregon Secretary of State: Corporate Division. Business Registry Directory. Automation Enterprises, Inc. Registry # 089002-19. On Line data http://egov.sos.state.or.us/br/pkg_web_name_srch_inq.login accessed Feb 8, 2011

19. Oregon State Parks. Oregon Historic Sites Database. Accessed March 8, 2011. http://heritagedata.prd.state.or.us/historic/index.cfm?do=v.dsp_main

20. : PRISM Climate Group. Annual Precipitation for Oregon City, OR. http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/index.phtml

21. Oregon Dept. of Human Services. Drinking Water Program. Water Systems database. Accessed March 8, 2011. http://170.104.63.9/

22. Oregon Dept. of Transportation. Regional Precipitation Frequency Analysis and Spatial Mapping of 24-hour Precipitation for Oregon. January 2008. Prepared by Oregon Climate Service; Oregon State University. Accessed March 4, 2011. http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/docs/Reports/SPR656_Rainfall_Analysis_Final_Re port_web.pdf?ga=t

23.Oregon Dept of Water Resources. Well Log inventory. On-line Data. Township/Ranges 1S2E, 1S3E, 2S2E, 2S2E http://apps.wrd.state.or.us/apps/gw/well_log/Default.aspx Accessed February 24, 2011.

24. Oregon Dept. of Water Resources. Water Rights Information Query. On-line Data. Clackamas River Township/Range 2S2E http://apps.wrd.state.or.us/apps/wr/wrinfo/default.aspx Accessed March 1, 2011.

25. Oregon State Library. Digital Sanborn Map collection 1867-1970. Accessed March 1, 2011.

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26. Rick Cameron. Phone interview. Mr. Burright Jr. Attorney. March 3, 2011 & April 19, 2011. Re: Site ownership and history.

27. Sunrise Water Authority. Phone Interview with Tim Jannsen, Authority Engineer. June 9, 2011. Re: Groundwater and surface water percentages.

28. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Web Soil Survey Mapping. Accessed March 1, 2011. http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm

29. U.S. Census Bureau. Census Tract 222.03 Clackamas. Year 2000. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/AdvSearchByPlacenameServlet?_lang=en&_ts=3175642679 98

30. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. National Wetlands Inventory, Wetlands Mapper. Accessed Feb 22, 2011. http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.html

31. U. S. Geological Survey. USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics for Oregon year 2009. USGS Gage#14211010 CLACKAMAS RIVER NEAR OREGON CITY, OR Annual Water Data Reports for Oregon (Water Years 2002-09 ). Accessed Feb 18, 2011.

32. U.S. Geological Survey. Geology of Portland, Oregon and Adjacent Areas: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1119, 119p. Trimble, D.E., 1963. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Oregon/Publications/Bulletin1119/boring_lava.html

33. U.S. Geological Survey. Estimated Depth to Ground Water and Configuration of the Water Table in the Portland, Oregon Area. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5059 http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5059/index.html

34. US Fish and Wildlife Service. Species Fact Sheets. Accessed March 3, 2011. http://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/Species/Data/WillametteDaisy/ http://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/Species/Data/NelsonsCheckerMallow/ http://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/Species/Data/NorthAmericanWolverine/ http://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/Species/Data/StreakedHornedLark/

35. US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Protected Resources. Accessed June 7, 2011. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/cohosalmon.htm http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/chinooksalmon.htm http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/steelheadtrout.htm

36. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Valley,_Oregon accessed Feb 17, 2011

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APPENDICES

Appendix A: Site Maps

Appendix B: Site Photos

Appendix C: Supplemental Information

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Appendix A: Site Maps

Site

Figure 1: Location of Troh Landfill on areial photo

Page 1 of 18

Figure 2: Troh Landfill Location on a USGS 1:24000 topographic map

Page 2 of 18

Figure 3: 2011 Google Aerial Maps: ‘A’ marks approximate location of Troh Landfill.

Page 3 of 18

Star=location of Troh Landfill. Red Outline=tax lot for denied landfill expansion in early 1970’s. Blue= watershed boundary

Figure 4: Tax Lot information

Page 4 of 18

N

1952 USGS Aerial Photo: Troh Landfill- approximate area outlined in red

Figure 5: USGS Aerial Photo

Page 5 of 18

N

1960 USGS Aerial Photo: Troh Landfill approximately outlined in red. Note airport runway.

Figure 6: USGS Aerial Photo Page 6 of 18

N

1970 USGS Aerial Photo: Troh Landfill approximately outlined in red. Note airport runway.

Figure 7: USGS Aerial Photo Page 7 of 18

N

1971 USGS Aerial Color Photo: Troh Landfill approximately outlined in red. Troh Landfill Closure date 1971.

Figure 8: USGS Aerial Photo Page 8 of 18

Groundwater: Four Mile Target Distance Limit, Sensitive Aquifer Designation and registered Water Rights

Figure 9: Groundwater Four Mile Target Distance Limit Page 9 of 18

Community Groundwater Supply with time of travel hash notations. Red Star marks Troh Landfill.

Figure 10: Community Groundwater Supply Locations Page 10 of 18

Rock Creek

Willamette River Clackamas River

Surface Water boundaries and 15 mile Target Distance Limit Surface Water municipal drinking water intake area

Figure 11: Surface Water 15-mile Target Distance Limit Page 11 of 18

Troh Landfill

Salmonid distribution in Rock Creek drainage

Figure 12: Salmonid distribution in Rock Creek Page 12 of 18

Troh Landfill location

Cutthroat trout presence

Steelhead presence

Coho, Chinook presence

Figure 13: Rock Creek Stream Profile Page 13 of 18

Troh Landfill

Figure 14: Steep Slopes and Erosion Hazards in Rock Creek Page 14 of 18

TDL Limit

Wetlands in Troh Landfill 15-mile target distance limit

Figure 15: Wetlands near Troh Landfill –along Clackamas and Willamette Rivers. Red star is Troh Landfill. Page 15 of 18

Powell Butte Park

New Metro Greenspace

Troh Landfill

Schools Boy Scout Camp Parks(green shaded)

Figure 16: School and Park locations Page 16 of 18

Troh Landfil l

Figure 17: Damascus/ Boring Concept Plan

Page 17 of 18

Troh Landfill

TDL Limit

Public River Access in 15-mile downstream Distance

Figure 18: Public River Access Page 18 of 18

Appendix B: Site Photos

Photo 1: Overview

Page 1 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Photo 2 3/15/2011 13:21

Page 2 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Shop area

Photo 3 3/15/2011 13:22

Page 3 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Possible well house

Photo 4 3/15/2011 13:22 Page 4 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Burn pile near landfill access road

Photo 5 3/15/2011 13:22 Page 5 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Road to Landfill

Photo 6 3/15/2011 13:23

Page 6 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Edge of Landfill in treed area

Photo 7 3/15/2011 13:25

Page 7 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Drum found in treed area

Photo 8 3/15/2011 13:26 Page 8 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Uncovered garbage on landfill

Photo 9 3/15/2011 13:25

Page 9 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Carpeting and foam pads in foreground; wood debris(paneling?) in background

Photo 10 3/15/2011 13:27

Page 10 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Wood debris pile in treed landfill area

Photo 11 3/15/2011 13:27

Page 11 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Old containers lying on ground in treed landfill area.

Photo 12 3/15/2011 13:49 Page 12 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Uncovered garbage in landfill

Photo 13 3/15/2011 13:29 Page 13 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Looking south towards blackberry briar area from treed portion of landfill- note elevation differences

Photo 14 3/15/2011 13:47

Page 14 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

View to top of landfill from toe

Photo 15 3/15/2011 13:52

Page 15 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Photo 16 3/15/2011 13:56

Page 16 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Leachate from toe of landfill

Photo 17 3/15/2011 13:54

Page 17 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Leachate from landfill toe

Photo 18 3/15/2011 13:54

Page 18 of 19

Appendix B: Site Photos

Leachate runoff mixing with the ephemeral stream.

Photo 19 3/15/2011 13:55 Page 19 of 19