[Italic Page Numbers Indicate Major References] Abajo Mountains, 314

Index [Italic page numbers indicate major references]

Abajo Mountains, 314 andesite, 70, 82, 86, 267, 295, 297, terranes, 36, 644 Abert Lake-Goose Lake area, 343 299, 303, 305, 308, 310, 343, volcanic. See volcanic arcs Abert Rim area, 303, 377 345, 350, 371, 375, 483, 527, volcanism, 74, 81, 89, 299, 300, Absaroka Range, 290, 354 543, 644, 654 320, 385, 482, 491, 642 Absaroka system, 592 Aneth Formation, 45 waning, 643 Absaroka thrust, 172, 219, 594, 599, Angora Peak member, 316 See also specific arcs 601 Angustidontus, 34 Archean, 629, 632, 651, 652 Absaroka volcanic field, 218, 297, Anita Formation, 275 arches, 15, 46 300, 486, 491 anorthosite, 412, 633 archipelago, volcanic, 453 accretion, 36, 111, 127, 128, 131, Antelope Mountain Quartzite, 38, 40, arenite, 142 141, 168, 242, 252, 254, 262, 420 argillite, 11, 16, 31, 34, 38, 41, 62, 265, 273, 450, 468, 534, 545, Antelope Range Formation, 28 70, 81, 85, 87, 89, 111, 128, 555, 636, 646, 664, 677, 693 Antelope Valley Limestone, 22, 23, 24 130, 133, 136, 138, 141, 160, accretionary prism, 37, 127, 141, 241, anticlines, 213, 319, 340 162, 164, 281, 434, 543, 547, 281, 422, 423, 432, 436, 468, antimony, 643, 644 635, 658, 663, 671, 676 471, 621, 654, 676 Antler allochthon, 422, 431 Argus Range, 365, 600 actinolite, 528, 637 Antler assemblage, 419, 422, 450 Arikaree Formation, 286 Adams Mine, 632 Antler foredeep basin, 35, 61, 62, 74, Arizona, 140, 597 Adaville Formation, 219 94, 96, 420, 425, 430, 471 south-central, 323 Adel Mountain volcanic field, 218, Antler foreland basin, 28, 42, 75, 78, southeastern, 217,231 229 547 southern corridor, 293 Adobe Range, 34, 223, 599 Antler highlands, 35, 62, 75, 78, 85, southern, 144,155, 239, 614 Afro-Arabian rift system, 20 97, 426, 471, 547 southwestern, 154, 600 agglomerates, 161 Antler orogenic belt, 21, 74, 81, 111, western, 233 Ago-Globe alignment, 639 125, 128, 130, 131, 175, 422, arkose, 175, 284 Alaska Cordillera, 57 502, 664, 665 Arlington Formation, 84, 86 Alberta foothills, 590 Antler orogeny, 11, 15, 26, 28,34, Artille scagliose, 185 Alberta Shelf region, 85 46, 57, 61, 66, 71, 74, 92, 108, Arvison Formation, 143 Alberta syncline, 590 422, 471, 544, 548, 634, 645, ash, 347, 375 Albion Mountains, 167, 222, 291, 655 ash-flow fields, 309 451 Antler Peak, 76, 82, 97 ash-flow sheets, 292, 296, 306, 353, albite, 236 Antler thrust belt, 71, 113, 134, 139, 372, 377, 381, 481, 487 Aldrich Mountains Group, 135, 141 142, 663 ash flows, 139, 286, 294, 300, 306, Aldwell Formation, 267 Antler-Sonoma thrust belt, 168 308, 343, 349, 353, 360, 362, Alegria Formation, 276 Anza Formation, 341 364, 371, 375, 379, 386, 495 Alexander terrane, 111 Apache Group, 16, 413 Ashdown tuff, 303 Alisitos Group, 198 Apache Pass fault, 614 assemblages, 539, 540, 543, 544, Alligator Ridge gold deposit, 635 Apache Supergroup, 410 546, 547, 548 allochthons, 15, 28,34, 35, 36, 591 apatite, 594 allochthonous, 36 alluvial plain, 173 Apennines, 423 igneous, 655 alluvium, 233, 623 Apishapa uplift, 77 sedimentary, 539 Almeda deposit, Oregon, 637 aplite, 239 asthenosphere, 500, 575 Alsea Formation, 270, 300 Aqua Caliente fault, 621 Astoria embayment, 314, 316 Alta district, 642 Aqua-Pah Hills fault, 623 Astoria Formation, 316, 317 Alta Formation, 343 Arapahoe Formation, 215 Atlanta lobe, 178, 179, 180 Altiplano-Puna Plateau, 223, 602 Arapier Formation, 155 Atlantic City, Wyoming, 629 Amargosa chaos, 364 arcs aulacogen, 412, 585 Amargosa Desert, 362 continental. See continental arcs aurora deposit, 643 Amargosa detachment system, 364 continental-margin. See Axelgold Intrusion, 692 Amboy Crater, 375 continental-margin arcs Aztec dune field, 167 American River area, 137, 143, 158 island. See island arcs Aztec Formation, 140, 144 American River sequence, 152 late Cenozoic, 342 Ammenberg deposit, Sweden, 633 Late Jurassic development, 437 Babomari fault, 614 amphibole, 38, 198 late Miocene, 343 Baboquivari Mountains, 145 amphibolite, 40, 191, 232, 420, 431, late Tertiary, 643 Baca basin, 216, 286 443, 446, 518, 522, 525, 530, magmatic. See magmatic arcs Baca Formation, 217 662, 668, 675 mid-Miocene, 343 Bachelor caldera, 497, 498 andalusite, 180 Quaternary, 643 back-arc regions, 441,448,459 Andean chain, 461 sequence, 38 Bagdad district, Arizona, 632 Andean volcanic arc, 180 southern, 164 Bagley andesite, 151 Andes, 205, 223 submarine, 671 Baird Formation, 75, 76, 80, 84, 94

6 99

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Baja California, 198, 243, 249, 278, western, 555 frontal thrust, 225, 228 283, 346, 428, 437, 470, 530, basins Jurassic, 524, 525,527 549, 615, 690, 693 back-arc, 92, 108, 111, 149, 166, magmatic, 343 Baja-Borderland allochthon, 278, 283, 221, 223 , 432, 440, 450, 634, metamorphic, 221, 222, 524 469, 4 70 635, 655, 659, 664 Paleozoic, 524 Baker terrane, 129, 130, 132, 135, central California, 322 subduction-related, 176 141, 149, 158, 448, 519, 658 evolution, 173 thrust, 583, 589 Bakersfield arch, 247 extensional, 65, 218 Triassic, 524 Bakersfield area, California, 327 faulted (southern California), 276 See also specific belts Balaklala Rhyolite, 40, 43, 70 fore-arc, 135, 176, 189, 207, 241, Benioff zone, 503, 576 Balaklala unit, 426 247, 250, 254, 265, 268, 320, Benton Range, 129, 153 Bald Mountain batholith, 158 444, 539, 545, 665 Benton Spring-Pilot Mountains fault, Bald Mountain pendant, 35 foreland, 167, 169, 170, 172, 540, 623 Baldy terrane, 282 547 bentonite, 154, 334 Ballarat-Bendigo gold deposit, interarc, 440, 654, 665 Bering Sea, 654 Australia, 635 intermontane, 223, 573 Berkeley Hills, 350 Ballena Gravel, 278 intra-arc, 138 Berry Formation, 274, 322 Banbury Basalt, 379 intracontinental, 540 beryllium deposits, 509 Bandelier Tuff, 372 Late Cretaceous, 327 Betties Well fault, 623 Banner Formation, 75 late Cenozoic, 322 Big Bend fault, 527 Banning fault system, 620 mid-Miocene, 361 Big Cottonwood Formation, 414 Bannock Range, 594 offshore, 93 Big Maria Mountains, 234, 600, barite, 29, 31, 35, 42, 45, 293, 634, piggy-back, 444 603 635, 646 pull-apart, 253, 267, 321, 330, 335, Big Mike pyrite body, 635 Barrett Ridge, 196 364, 384, 428, 460, 618, 621 Big Pine Creek pendant, 11 Barstow basin, 345 rhomboid, 322 Big Pine fault, 243, 275, 276, 332, Barstow-Bristol trough, 292 rift-v alley, 19 619, 620 Barstow Formation, 361 sedimentary, 81, 360 Big Southern Butte, 381 Bartlett Springs fault, 619 shelf, 22 Bighorn Basin, 211, 214, 354, 357, basalts, 3, 75, 82, 90, 111, 137, 152, southern California, 327 588 183, 192, 245, 267, 276, 278, transform-related, 539 Bighorn Dolostone, 25 281, 295, 297, 300, 316, 317, See also specific basins Bighorn Mountains, 521, 584 325, 343, 345, 349, 354, 360, Bastendorff Formation, 270 Bighorn uplift, 214 363, 368, 371, 372, 375, 377, Bateman Formation, 268 Bingham, Utah, 508, 635, 636, 652 381, 383, 446, 455, 468, 489, Bates Mountain Tuff, 306 Bingham porphyry-copper deposit, 491, 500, 524, 527, 543, 613, batholiths, Mesozoic, 483 301, 642, 645 654, 676 Bathonian fault system, 153 Bingham mining district, 300, 306 alkalic, 32, 33, 66 Bathtub Formation, 165 biotas, 19 flows, 37, 76, 413, 509 Battle Mountain, 65, 97, 366 biotite, 140, 235, 239, 443, 495 mid-ocean ridge, 494 Bear Mountains belt, 662, 663, 668 Bird Spring Formation, 144 oceanic, 262, 267, 278 Bear Mountains fault, 152, 158, 439, Bird Spring Group, 81 pillow, 16, 37, 164, 185, 187, 189, 527, 614, 668 Bisbee, Arizona, 638 242, 246, 278 Bear River Range, 594 Bisbee basin, 156, 164,175, 549 submarine, 265 Bear thrust, 593 Bisbee Group, 164, 165, 175, 234, tholeiitic, 16, 502, 635, 637 Bearpaw Mountains, 297, 298 454, 460 basanite, 371, 372, 375, 383 Beartooth block, 213 Bishop Creek pendant, 11 Baseline Formation, 283 Beartooth complex, 521 Bishop deposits, California, 637 basement, crystalline, 61, 170, 173, Beartooth Mountains, 521 Bishop Tuff, 375, 487, 497 179, 193, 196, 213, 219, 228, Beartooth uplift, 214 Bitter Ridge fault, 624 230, 265, 323, 325, 346, 366, Beaver Lake-Blue Mountain thrust, Bitter Spring Valley fault, 624 407, 413, 424, 451, 459, 584, 594 Bitterroot domain, 555 586, 594, 598, 600 Beaverhead area, 300 Bitterroot dome, 290 Basin and Range Province, 3, 22, 57, Beaverhead Formation, 172, 213 Bitterroot lobe, 178, 179, 519 113, 176, 212, 242, 283, 286, Beaverhead Group, 213, 228 Bitterroot mylonite zone, 462 288, 292, 294, 307, 350, 363, Beaverhead Range, 290, 368 Black Dike Formation, 86, 88, 428, 369, 371, 384, 467, 472, 481, Beck Spring Formation, 16, 413, 432 490, 515, 522, 531, 549, 555, 415 Black Hills, South Dakota, 214, 297, 560, 566, 624 Bedford Canyon Formation, 159, 160, 385, 521, 629 central, 522, 555, 557, 563, 564, 198 Black Mountains, 364, 375 569, 573, 575, 578 Belt basin, 226, 410, 412, 451, 585, Black Peak batholith, 192, 193 eastern, 490 591, 632, 633, 641 Black Pine Mountains, 454 northern, 351, 354, 503, 522, 555, Belt Supergroup, 16, 19, 226, 229, Black Rock, 166 557, 565, 567, 571, 573, 575, 410, 451, 459, 519, 531, 553, Black Rock Desert region, 90, 143, 578 590, 632, 645, 646 153, 376 southern, 351, 353, 386, 390, 503, belts Black Sea, 412 555, 565, 571, 573, 575, 624, accretionary, 442, 455 Blackbird district, Idaho, 632 643 central Nevada, 221, 222 Blackfoot, Idaho, 297 topography, 565 coastal, 281, 320 Blackfoot lava field, 376

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Blackleaf Formation, 213 Bridge River-Cadwallader-Methow Calaveras fault, 243, 350, 618 Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift, 212, 585, belt, 122 Calaveras Formation, 637 589 Bridge River-Hozameen terrane, 444, Calaveras melange complex, 526 Blackwood Canyon, 143 446 Calaveras-Melones complex, 526, 527 Blaine County, Idaho, 34 Bridger Formation, 286 Calaveras-Shoo Fly thrust, 439 Blake River Group, 637 Bright Angel fault, 609, 611 Calawah fault, 319 Blakeley Formation, 270 Bright Angel Shale, 596 calcarenite, 85 Blakely Harbor Formation, 314 British Columbia, southern, 692 calderas, 139, 155, 180, 217, 294, Blanco Basin Formation, 286 British Columbia Terrane, 120 296, 306, 307, 348, 369, 372, blastomyIonite, 232 British Isles, 566 381, 472, 486, 487, 506, 643 blocks, stable, 5 5 5 ,5 7 8 Brock shale, 131, 138 Calera rocks, 442 Bloomington Formation, 21 Broken Hill deposit, Australia, 633 Caliente cauldron complex, 306 Blue Cut fault, 622 bromine, 366 Caliente Formation, 276, 332, 618 Blue Ledge deposit, 637 Brooks Range, 74 Caliente Range, 248, 349 Blue Mountains, 60, 71, 87, 91, 108, Brothers fault zone, 362, 363, 367, California, 243,433,469,614 111, 113, 128, 130, 132, 135, 369, 381, 624 borderland, 149, 321, 620, 658 138,141,143, 148, 151,158, Bruneau-Jarbidge eruptive center, 379, central, 143,322, 618 162, 176, 238, 242, 245, 262, 380 coastal, 615 284, 303, 367,377, 387, 448, Buck Mountain Formation, 192, 444 east-central, 153 453, 461, 484, 658, 664, 667, Bull Run area, 301 eastern, 139, 224 693 Bull Run basin, 284, 291 late Mesozoic, 442 Blue Mountains arc, 156, 158 Bull Run Mountains, 65 northern, 618 Blue Mountains Provence, 353, 385 Bull Valley District, 306 northwestern, 613 Blue Springs Hills, 222 Bullfrog Hills, 291 southeastern, 140,144,154, 233, Blue Springs thrust, 221 Bullpen Lake sequence, 37 240, 596, 597, 600, 614 blueschist, 60, 71, 91, 111, 128, 133, Bully Hill Formation, 86, 127, 131 southern, 35, 276, 281, 283, 327, 183, 187, 191, 197, 246, 419, Burke Formation, 633 339, 620, 693 431, 432, 440, 443, 446, 518, Burro uplift, 77, 81, 85, 217 southwestern, 194 526, 528, 531, 658 Bushveldt-Vredefort, South Africa, 491 western, 194, 533 Bodega basin, 321, 325 Butano Sandstone, 273 California batholith, southern, 283, Bodie deposit, 643 Butte, Montana, 297, 508 339 Bollibokka Group, 86 Butte central block, 641 Califomia-Nevadan transpressive Bonanza King Dolomite, 596 Butte copper deposits, 486 zone, 156 Bond Buyer Formation, 130 Butte Mountain, 139 Callaghan Ranch area, 23 Bonin-Mariana system, 137 Butte Mountain block, 562 Camas Prairie, 368 boninite, 667 Butte quartz monzonite, 641 Cambria Felsite, 310 Bonita Formation, 343 Cambrian Bonneville basin, 376 Caballero Formation, 28 Lower, 16 Bonnia-Olenellus Zone, 20, 21 Cabin Canyon fault, 624 Middle, 20 Borah Peak earthquake, 368 Cabin-Medicine Lodge thrust system, camptonite, 267, 303 Borah Peak fault, 577 592 Canadian Cordillera, 19, 57, 60, 61, borates, 366 Cabin thrust, 228, 591 94, 412, 454 Borderland sequence, 272, 275 Caborca-Hermosillo block, 664 Canadian Shield, 632 Boring Lava field, 349 Caborca region, 19 Candelaria fault, 623 borites, 361 Cabullona area, 217 Candelaria Formation, 89 , 130 Borrego Formation, 341 Cache Creek affinity terranes, 123, Candelaria Hills, 31, 86, 88, 97, 292, Boulder batholith, 213, 229, 238, 129, 132, 161, 162 306 290, 369, 486, 495, 641 Cache Creek assemblages, 61, 82, Cane Springs fault, 624 Bouse Formation, 341, 360 426, 433, 436, 448, 470 Canebrake Conglomerate, 341 Bowman Lake batholith, 38, 70 Cache Creek basin, 138,142 Canelo Hills, 165 Bowman Lake sequence, 37 Cache Creek complex, 90, 92, 95,436 Canelo Hills volcanics, 155 Bowser basin, 151 Cache Creek fault, 466 Cantua Sandstone Member, 272 Boyden Cave pendant, 135 Cache Creek Group, 692 Canyon Mountain complex, 91, 133, Boyer Ranch Formation, 143, 153 Cache Creek melange belt, 71, 431, 664 Bozeman Group, 285 434 Canyon Range thrust, 594, 598 Bragdon Formation, 40, 70, 72, 74, Cache Creek sequence, 92 Canyon Range thrust fault, 225 76, 80, 94 Cache Creek terrane, 90, 111, 128, canyons, submarine, 247, 262 Branch Canyon Sandstone, 332 130, 132, 138, 142, 151, 162, Cape Blanco area, 317 Brawley fault, 618 447, 658, 664, 667 Cape Flattery Breccia, 268 Brawley Formation, 341 Cadiz Valley batholith, 240 carbonates, 61, 130, 131, 138, 145, breccias, 37, 39, 41, 70, 84, 86, 136, Cadwallader terrane, 112, 128, 130, 383, 417, 426, 523, 529, 593, 142, 151, 166, 181, 192, 216, 162, 163 635, 636, 637, 642, 645 223, 265, 267, 276, 280, 291, Caetano Tuff, 306 atolls, 433 293, 303, 308, 311, 314, 317, Calaveras belt, 526, 527 bank, 435 343, 360, 377, 383, 414, 528, Calaveras/Cache Creek affinities, 435, beds, 638, 663 598, 669 436 blocks, 662 Bridge River terrane, 112, 132, 142, Calaveras Complex, 90, 97, 129, 134, deposition, 24 162 , 450, 667 137, 146, 158, 663, 665 facies, 21, 22

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platform, 20, 28, 75 Cenozoic, 462,553,573 Chocolate Mountains, 155, 253, 276, reefs, 129 early, 612 293, 468, 600 shelf, 80, 131 late, 314, 321, 322, 344, 350,369, Chocolate Mountains thrust, 235, 252 strata, 544, 633 616 Christmas Mine, Arizona, 635 carbonatites, 297 pre-, 553 chromite deposits, 629 Careaga Sandstone, 330 Centennial fault, 228 chromitite, 637 Cargo Muchacho superunit, 155 Centennial Range, 368 chromium, 43, 638 Caribou basaltic field, 379 Centennial Valley, 368 Chronese Hills area, 454 Carlin gold deposit, 29, 635, 652 Central basin platform, 77, 85 Chuar Group, 413, 414 Carlin-Pinon Range area, 222, 300 Central City, Colorado, 639, 641 Chuaria, 414 Carlotta Formation, 320 Central Colorado trough, 77, 81 Chuckanut basin, 251, 253, 458 Carmanah Formation, 270 Central Front Range fault, 611 Chugach terrane, 252 Carmel Formation, 145, 154, 155 Central Metamorphic Belt, 39, 40, Chugwater Formation, 131 Carmel seaway, 154, 155, 156 420, 433, 435, 655, 658, 662, Chumstick basin, 458 Carpathians, 423 667 Chumstick Formation, 289 Carpenteria basin, 335 Central Metamorphic terrane, 433, Church Creek Formation, 274 Carrizo Plain, 333 436 Church Mountain plate, 191 Carson City, 306 Central Melange terrane, 97 Churchill province, 632 Carson lineament, 622 Central Montana Trough, 410 Cima volcanic field, 375 Casa Diablo pendant, 11 Central Montana uplift, 15, 26, 419 Cincinnatian, 24 Cascade crystalline core, 612 Cerro Prieto, 373 Circle Cliffs uplift, 216 Cascade Mead, 300 Cerro Prieto spreading center, 341 circum-Pacific belt, 544 Cascade orogen, 442, 446 Chackanut Formation, 245, 267 circum-Pacific environment, 653 Cascade Range, 163, 239, 242, 245, Chaffee County, Colorado, 632 circum-Pacific subduction system, 544 251, 262, 317, 319, 343, 346, Chainman Shale, 28, 61, 62 Clallam Formation, 314 378, 385, 482, 505, 508, 624, chalcophile deposits, 301, 307 Clark Mountains, 129, 130, 454, 597 634, 644 Challis arc, 251, 458 Clark Mountains thrust fault, 225 central, 162, 671 Challis episode, 639 Clarno basin, 284, 384 High, 303, 343, 346 Challis magmatic belt, 295, 300, 304, Clarno Formation, 283, 284, 288, northern California, 692 384 295, 300, 367 northern, 41, 60, 90, 176, 189, Challis volcanic episode, 295 Clarno region, 301 192, 205, 237, 238, 244, 250, Challis volcanic field, 458, 486 elastics, 291, 321, 322, 327, 522 262, 267, 270, 289, 295, 297, Challis Volcanics, 218, 296 clasts, 16, 17, 31, 33, 39, 63, 70, 74, 301, 314, 384, 419, 431, 446, Channel Islands, 243, 278 84, 91, 140, 143, 189, 193, 226, 454, 455, 484, 494, 688, 692 northern, 275, 333, 334, 346 228, 246, 248, 267, 277, 339, northwestern, 420, 445 Chaparral fault, 609 362, 422, 612, 621 Oregon, 301, 644, 692 Chappo Member, 219 clay, 16, 277, 361, 635, 675 Washington, 300, 343, 692 Charleston-Nebo thrust, 221 claystone, 140, 332, 362 western, 123, 162, 268, 270, 299, Charlie Canyon basin, 276 Clayton Mine Quartzite, 32 303, 319, 343, 385, 387 Chelan Mountain terrane, 41, 244, Clayton quadrangle, 42 Cascade volcanoes, 482 431 Clear Lake Volcanics, 350, 506 Cascades arc, 314, 317 Chemehuevi Mountains, 466 Cliff Creek fault, 219 Western, 299, 301, 304, 342, 343, chert, 11, 28, 31, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, Cliff Creek thrust. 593 386, 388, 483 45, 60, 62, 63, 66, 70, 76, 82, Climax deposit, 642 Cascades thrust system 85, 87, 89, 111, 128, 130, 133, Clipper Gap, 306 eastern, 121 136, 138, 142, 151, 162, 164, coal, 215, 223, 268, 284 western, 121, 123, 163 181, 183, 185, 189, 192, 196, Coaledo Formation, 268 Cascades volcanic arc, 284, 458, 482, 278, 426, 434, 442, 446, 525, Coalidale fault, 614, 623 491 528, 531, 543, 547, 600, 634, Coalmont Formation, 215 Cascadia subduction zone, 468 637, 645, 658, 663, 671, 676 Coast Batholith belt, 111, 112, 119 Casitas Formation, 335 Chewack-Pasayten fault, 612 Coast Mountains, 192, 242 Casmalia-Orcutt trend, 332 Cheyenne belt, 414, 521, 611 Coast Plutonic Belt, 192 Caspian Sea, 412 Chief Joseph dike swarm, 362, 368, Coast Plutonic Complex, 237, 244, Castalic Formation, 335, 337 492 447, 455, 692 Castle Dome, 310 Chihuahua Trough, 164, 175, 548 Coast Range, 149, 181, 183, 252, Castle Peak fault zone, 455 Chilliwack Group, 71, 77, 81, 85, 87, 262, 265, 281, 300, 320, 350, Cat Creek lineament, 208 90, 96, 191, 446, 518 378, 386, 388, 440, 455, 458, Catalina extended domain, 555 Chilliwack terrane, 41, 66, 71, 87, 469, 494, 638, 668, 673, 692 Catalina Island, 198 161, 162 California, 123, 349, 385, 389, Catalina Mountains, 293 Chimeneas fault, 332 437, 468, 529, 533, 613, 636, Catalina-Rincon block, 309 China mainland, 654 644 Catalina Schist, 198, 236, 339 Chinle Formation, 132, 140, 144 central, 248, 265, 272, 310, 319, Cave Mountain Formation, 138 Chino fault, 621 321, 619 Cayman Trough, 439 Chinquapin Metabasalt, 185 northern, 181, 185, 246, 319, 350 Cecilville Quadrangle, 435 Chiricahua Mountains, 309, 371 ophiolite, 146, 149, 157, 159, 161, Cedar Mountain earthquake, 623 Chiwaukum graben, 289 162, 164,181, 185, 187, 196, Cedarville series, 303 Chiwaukum Schist, 192 198, 247, 265, 327, 442, 447, Cedros Island ophiolite, 437 Chloropagus Formation, 343 469, 528, 669, 670, 675

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Oregon, 4, 136, 162, 265, 267, Columbia River Basalt Group, 317, Coos Bay basin, 317 278, 284, 314, 316, 319, 518, 343, 367, 378, 387, 461, 462, Coos Bay embayment, 314 613, 624, 658, 671 491, 509, 613 Copenhagen Formation, 24 southern, 332, 345, 349, 528, 620, Columbia River Gorge, 319, 378 Copley Greenstone, 40, 70 670 Columbia volcanic episode, 377 Copley unit, 426 Washington, 278, 314, 613, 624 Commissary Ridge thrust, 593 copper, 29, 43, 486, 652 Coast Range assemblage, northern, compression, 212, 214, 303, 440, deposits, 217, 239, 508, 632, 634, 669 503, 634, 636, 639 635, 638, 639, 644 Coast Range basalts, 468 horizontal, 208 porphyry, 508, 638, 639, 642, 644 Coast Range belt, 669, 670, 673 compressional orogen, 602 Copper Basin, 284 Coast Range fault, 185, 187 Comstock deposit, 643 Copper Basin Formation, 28, 35, 42 Coast Range thrust, 187, 613 Comus Formation, 33, 34, 45 Copper Basin thrust system, 228, 591 Coast Range volcanic fields, 350 Concord fault, 619 Copper Canyon, Nevada, 642 Coastal Belt, 187, 246, 250, 253 Condrey Mountain schist, 525 Copperopolis Mine, California, 636, Coastal terrane, 246 Condrey Mountain terrane, 147, 150, 637, 646 coastal transform system, 342 152, 156, 157 coral debris, 40 cobalt, 629, 632 Condrey Mountain window, 150, 437, Cordillera cobbles, 76, 82, 86, 140 525 back-arc region, 459 Cobre Ridge assemblage, 155 Conego Volcanics, 334, 345 Canadian. See Canadian Cordillera Cobre Ridge tuff, 145 cones central, 169, 642 COCORP Wind River profile, 586 cinder, 372 eastern, 169, 283, 484, 503, 642 Coeur d’Alene district, Idaho, 633, 645 hydromagnetic, 372 northern, 57, 295,430,449,461 Coeur d’Alene trough, 632 Confluence orthogneiss, 38 northwestern, 518 Coffee Creek Formation, 71, 80 Confusion Range, 28 southern, 205, 307,454, 583, 642 Cold Fork fault zone, 181, 613 Confusion Range block, 562, 566 western, 57 ,107,169,176,189, Coldwater Formation, 275 Confusion Range synclinoria, 174, 203, 211, 407, 442,467,515, Colebrook Schist, 164, 185 599 53 1 ,5 3 3 Colfax Sequence, 147, 435 conglomerates, 16, 19, 27, 31, 35, 38, Cordilleran fold and thrust belt, 169, colima graben, 132 41, 46, 61, 71, 75, 77, 80, 82, 180, 207, 218 collisions, 278, 440, 453, 454, 548, 84, 125, 129, 131, 138, 140, back-arc basin, 223 636, 655, 665, 668 143, 152, 160, 172, 180, 183, boundaries, 218 continental, 57 191, 193, 196, 213, 221, 223, central Nevada belt, 221, 222 Laramide, 262 226, 249, 267, 270, 276, 278, central Utah, 224 Phanerozoic, 491 285, 288, 291, 314, 317, 319, eastern California, 224 Colorado, 215 335, 340, 362, 364, 422, 541, eastern transitional zone, 221 central, 641 593, 596, 612 Eocene, 225 Colorado Desert, 622 Constitution Formation, 162, 189, frontal thrust belt, 219, 225, 228 Colorado Front Range, 642 192, 447 hinterland, 221, 225, 229 Colorado lineament, 609, 625 Contact-Red Springs thrust, 607 metamorphic belt, 221, 222 Colorado Mineral Belt, 211, 218, 238, Contact thrust system, 172, 596, 607 northeastern Washington, 226 283, 309, 314, 486, 611, 641 Continental Borderland, California, northern Nevada, 219 Colorado Plateau, 4, 89, 129, 140, 197, 198, 241, 249, 253, 262, Paleocene 228 208, 211, 215, 216, 254, 283, 277, 281, 334, 341, 345, 616 pre-Late Cretaceous tectonics, 224, 286, 288, 292, 305, 311, 317, continental arc, 130,137,139,142, 226 350, 352, 354, 359, 372, 377, 144,150, 179 western Montana, 226 383, 385, 388, 390, 414, 450, basement framework, 127 Wyoming, 219 459, 467, 472, 489, 492, 494, southern, 164 Cordilleran foreland, 297 509, 515, 555, 571, 575, 584, continental crust. See crust, southern, 307 585, 589, 638 continental Cordilleran hinterland, 583, 589, 597 Colorado Plateau block, 562 continental margin, 1 ,9 ,4 6 , 108, Cordilleran interior Colorado Plateau margin, 306, 371, 169, 176, 261, 262,265,314, Laramide setting, 283 376 428,433,482,542, 651 regional extension, 350 Colorado Plateau transitional zone, arcs, 295, 298, 482 tectonic extension, 288 386 development, 9 ,4 6 uplift, 350 Colorado River, 321, 341, 354, 524 late Cenozoic, 314 Cordilleran margin, southwestern, lower, 292,310,360,372, 385, Pacific Northwest, 314 16 7 ,4 2 8 386, 387, 389, 467 continental shelf, 46, 57, 61, 63, 75, Cordilleran orogen, 207, 407, 470 upper, 357 78, 81, 85, 93, 97 Cordilleran passive margin, 415, 632 Colorado River trough, 345, 389 contraction, 169 Cordilleran region, post-Laramide, Colter Formation, 290 Cretaceous, 442 383 Columbia Embayment, 119, 461 convergence, 212, 241, 252, 267, Cordilleran thrust belt, 254, 583, 589, Columbia Intermontane region, 366, 278, 281, 340, 439, 440, 443, 607 373, 377, 381, 382, 387 447, 455, 458, 516, 518, 575, core complexes, 559, 567, 5 6 9,59 8 Columbia Plateau, 297, 343, 362, 366, 576, 601, 691, 693 Corral Canyon pole, 696 368, 387, 388, 462, 472 back-arc, 451 Comer Creek fault, 158 Columbia River, 42, 262, 319, 388 rate, 205, 453, 460 Cortez, Nevada, 642 ancestral, 314, 316 cooling, 20 Cortez Range, 29, 63, 97, 599 drainage system, 319 Coon Hollow Formation, 151 Coso Range, 365, 375, 376

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Coso volcanic field, 506 346, 412, 419, 423, 442, 483, deformation, 23, 35, 37, 43, 61, 64, Cottonwood area, 301, 306 505, 521, 527, 533, 634, 636, 66, 71, 74, 88, 92, 93, 129, 131, Cottonwood Canyon Member, 27, 28 639, 654, 669, 672 140, 146, 149, 156, 158, 169, Cottonwood Mountains, 364 sialic, 169, 515, 516, 521, 522 172, 174, 180, 185, 188, 199, Cougar Point Tuff, 379, 380 thickening, 212, 214, 238, 254, 207, 213, 217, 219, 221, 230, Covada assemblage, 42 346, 451, 453, 466, 503, 516, 234, 236, 250, 252, 261, 272, Covada Group, 419 579, 602 280, 283, 289, 293, 314, 330, Cowhole Mountains, 129, 139, 144, thickness, 3, 354, 357, 361, 366, 350, 384, 407, 410, 422, 425, 154 368, 454, 486, 504, 575 431, 435, 439, 441, 442, 448, Cowlitz Formation, 268 thin, 354, 359, 466, 472 453, 459, 503, 549, 553, 583, Coyote Butte Limestone, 85, 87, 90 transitional, 346, 539 593, 597, 600, 664, 668, 675 Coyote Mountains, 36 upper, 40, 293, 490, 494, 498, 500, compressional, 439 Coyote Mountains terrane, 36 518, 553, 557, 567, 572 contractional, 601 Coyote oil field, 340 crustal shortening, 76, 121, 155, 158, foreland, 166, 212, 215 Cozy Dell Shale, 275 166, 173, 210, 214, 219, 253, intra-arc, 436 Crater Flat Tuff, 362 254, 283, 286, 289, 294, 312, Laramide, 460 Crater Island, 167, 602 453, 460, 592, 620, 668 Sierran-Klamath region, 439 Crater Lake, 348 Cruziana, 11 strike-slip, 615 caldera system, 487 crystal fractionation, 489, 494, 498 Dekkas Formation, 86 eruption, 497 Crystal Peak Dolostone, 22 Del Puerto Canyon, 670 magma, 498 Crystal Spring Formation, 16, 413, Delaware basin, 61, 75, 77, 81, 85 Craters of the Moon, 381 415 Denver basin, 215, 216 craton, 61, 75, 77, 81, 85, 93, 96, crystallization, 40, 179, 497 Denver Formation, 215 169, 170, 205, 215, 225 fractional, 350, 371, 379, 381 depocenters, 322 establishment, 629 Cucamonga fault, 620 deposition, 172, 284 cratonic platform, 24, 46, 638 Cuchara Formation, 216 deposits cratonization, 531 Culbertson Lake allochthon, 37, 43, alluvial-fan, 131, 175 Crawford-Meade thrust system, 172 66 ash-flow, 497 Crazy Mountains basin, 213 Cultus Formation, 161 barite, 31, 634 Creede, Colorado, 642 Curlew quadrangle, 138 beryllium, 509 Crescent Formation, 265, 267, 278, Currie Hills, 140 borate, 366 314, 455 Custer County, Idaho, 34, 45 chalcophile, 301, 307 Crescent lava, 459 Cutter Sag basin, 216 clastic, 155, 214, 353 Crescent volcanics, 317 Cuyama Badlands, 275 coal, 215 Creston Formation, 633 Cuyama basin, 321, 332 cobalt, 632 Cretaceous, 442, 688 Cuyama Valley, 332 copper, 217, 239, 508, 632, 634, Early, 607, 696 635, 638, 639 Late, 169, 203, 225, 228, 249,327, dacite, 267, 277, 295, 299, 303, 345, deep-sea fan, 621 442, 448, 455, 484, 607, 636, 348, 372, 375, 500, 527, 543, flysch, 28 638, 696 654 metalliferous, 629 Upper, 243 Dale Canyon Formation, 28 sag-pond, 618 Cripple Creek deposit, 642 Darby fault, 219, 466, 592 sulfide, 412 Cronese Hills, 154 Darby system, 592 Deschutes Formation, 343 Cronese Hills shear zone, 164 Darrington Phyllite, 191 Desert Mountain, 306 Crow Mountain Member, 131 Darwin, California, 635 Deserters Range, 415 crust, 3, 15 Dawson Arkose, 215 detachments, 288, 289 assimilation, 371, 379 Dead Horse Tuff, 301 initial dip, 562 attenuation, 515 Dead Mountains, 235 detrital sequence, 16, 17, 19, 46 brittle, 577 Deadman Bay terrane, 129, 162, 431, detritus, 17, 29, 31, 40, 70, 76, 84, contamination, 240, 369 446 88, 130, 132, 135, 140, 145, continental, 29, 38, 40, 42, 74, 93, Death Valley fault zone, 364, 623 172, 183, 194, 196, 234, 268, 207, 225, 230, 255, 265, 278, Death Valley region, 17, 24, 112, 154, 270, 301, 317, 323, 325, 387, 321, 341, 346, 373, 412, 414, 225, 291, 362, 364 , 413, 415, 417, 420, 426, 441, 459, 525, 419, 423, 454, 460, 515, 516, 428, 442, 454, 464, 505, 523, 541, 548, 596, 602, 644 522, 540, 548, 553, 598 555, 567, 600 Devils Mountain fault, 612, 613 deep, 565, 567, 572 debris Devine Canyon Tuff, 381 evolution, 504, 533 alluvial, 199 Devonian, 9, 36, 71, 96, 417, 634 fluid layer, 567,569, 572, 578 flows, 28, 31, 80, 84, 86, 131, 320, Early, 632 fore-arc, 111 347 Middle, 25 lower, 212, 222, 240, 341, 368, volcanic, 343 Upper, 26, 27, 38 381, 460, 482, 486, 489, 492, Decatur terrane, 189, 446 decollements, 170, 175, 219, 230, 494, 500, 504, 565, 567 Dee gold deposit, 635 588, 596, 597 melts, 296, 369, 373 Deep Creek-Tintic uplift, 78 diabase, 413 middle, 233, 240, 466, 490, 505, Deer Creek thrust system, 449 Diablo arc, 440, 453 518, 553, 569, 571, 578 Deer Spring Gulch, 42 Diablo Range, 149, 159, 181, 185, movement, 46 Defiance uplift, 15, 216 252, 273, 350, 388, 528, 670 oceanic, 90, 91, 136, 138, 150, ancestral, 28 diamictite, 16, 19, 46, 414, 435, 663 169, 181, 183, 187, 242, 341, Defiance-Zuni uplift, 75 Diamond Peak Formation, 61, 62

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diapirism, 133, 136, 137 East Fork pluton, 435, 436 early, 203 diatomites, 322, 330 East Humboldt Range, 599 late, 458 diatremes, 15, 26, 297, 298, 314, 383, East Kootenay orogeny, 19, 410, 412 middle, 455, 458 492 East Northumberland Canyon, 635 upper, 265 dikes, 17, 22, 28, 38, 149, 165, 176, East Pacific Rise, 643 eolianites, 154 197, 280, 289, 294, 300, 308, East Range, 89 epicontinental seas, 223 311, 339, 345, 359, 362, 369, East Shasta district, California, 636, epidote, 637 373, 377, 383, 410, 413, 469, 637, 646 erosion, 20, 25, 61, 63, 72, 75, 84, 528, 623, 639, 641, 643, 658, East Sound, 40 153, 172, 217, 253, 286, 288, 662, 668, 670 East Sound Group, 422, 446 301, 410 swarms, 15, 156, 158, 213, 363, East Tintic, Utah, 633 post-orogenic, 284 368, 377, 387, 527, 675 East Tintic deposit, 645 eruptions, 303, 305, 307, 343, 347, Diligencia basin, 276 East Tintic mining district, 373 348, 350, 353, 362, 371, 375, Diligencia Formation, 276, 310, 341 East Titanic Mountains, 306 381, 383, 385, 483, 486, 489, Dillon area, Montana, 300, 629 East Ventura basin, 333, 337 505, 573 Dillon Granite Gneiss, 592 Eastern assemblage, 60, 76, 82, 89, eruptive centers, 576 Dinkey Creek pendant, 11 94, 97 Escabrose Limestone, 28 Dinner Creek Welded Tuff, 377 Echo Cliffs uplift, 216 Esmeralda County, Nevada, 34, 45 diopside, 383, 637 Echo Park Alluvium, 286 Esmeralda Formation, 364 diorite, 198, 278, 525, 667 Echo Park basin, 215 Etchegoin Formation, 327 disconformity, 21, 81, 84, 276 eclogite, 134, 183, 443, 494, 518, Eugene Formation, 268, 300 discontinuity, 15, 16, 222 528, 531 Eugene-Denio zone, 624 Dish Hill, 375 Edna Mountain, 65 eugeoclinal facies, 652 displacements, 36, 88, 113, 120, 121, Edna Mountain-Battle Mountain Eureka belt, 170, 449,451 123, 165, 170, 176, 187, 193, region, 97 Eureka County, Nevada, 45 242, 252, 281, 364, 366, 384, Eel River basin, 281, 319, 385, 386 Eureka deposit, 645 430, 609, 614, 620, 623, 624 Eel River Formation, 320 Eureka Quartzite, 21, 24, 34, 45, 63 disruption, transtensional, 164 Egan Range, 23, 306, 563 Eureka Valley, 365 Dixie Valley earthquake, 366 Egan-Schell Creek detachment, 562 eustatics, 541 dolomite, 9, 46, 87, 131, 330, 332, el Chichon eruption, 506 Evanston Formation, 219 413, 596 El Dorado thrust, 591 evaporites, 77, 130, 360, 361, 594 dolomitization, 24 El Modeno Volcanics, 346 evolution dolostone, 9, 11, 16, 24, 25, 26, 27, El Paso Mountains, 29, 35, 60, 62, 66, Cenozoic, 462 35, 37, 45, 46, 544, 633 82 ,8 6, 89, 97, 130, 131, 148, crustal (western Cordillera), 533 domains 226, 345, 422, 428, 441 Devonian, 417 extended, 555,565, 567, 570, 573, El Rito basin, 216 drainage, 353 576, 578 Elanan Formation, 28 early Tertiary, 455 tilt, 556 Elbert Formation, 45 geologic, 203 Dome Rock Mountains, 234, 600 Elbow Lake unit, 431, 446 Klamath Mountains, 433 Dome Rock sequence, 144, 154, 165 Elder Creek fault, 181, 613 large-scale temporal, 573 Domengine Formation, 271 Elder Sandstone, 31, 32, 38, 63 Late Cretaceous, 442,458 domes, 343, 347, 348, 349, 372, 373, Eldorado thrust, 229 Late Jurassic, 432, 442 376, 377, 381, 525 Eldorado-McCullough Mountains late Paleozoic, 417,425 lava, 483 system, 467 magmatic, 494 volcanic, 341 Elk Mountains, 369 metallogenic, 629 Dothan Complex, 671 Elkhorn Mountain volcanic field, 218, Middle Jurassic, 433 downwarping, 358 228, 486 paleogeographic, 57 Doyle Formation, 90 Elkhorn Ridge argillite, 133 Precambrian, 407 dropstones, 16 Elkhorn thrust, 215, 216, 228 rift, 359 Drum Mountains, 300, 301, 305 Elko County, Nevada, 45, 291, 305 southwest Cordilleran margin, 167 Drummond Mine Limestone Member, Elko Formation, 288, 300 tectonic, 5 7 ,107, 112, 461 28 Elkton Formation, 268 Triassic, 432 Dugan Pond, 38 Ella Dolostone, 35 Excelsior fault, 614, 623 Dume faults, 620 Ellensburg Formation, 343, 378 explosions, phreatomagmatic, 492 Duncan Peak allochthon, 37, 38, 66 Elsinore fault, 243, 273, 340, 620 extension, 29, 59, 71, 78, 84, 88, 94, dunes, eolian, 140 Elwell Formation, 38, 70 113, 119, 129, 139, 152, 157, dunite, 524, 688 Elwha assemblage, 280 158, 176, 219, 242, 261, 277, Dunlap Formation, 143, 153, 441 Ely, Nevada, 638 285, 294, 312, 321, 339, 342, Duzel Formation, 40, 420 Ely Limestone, 75 346, 349, 354, 358, 360, 363, Dyer Dolostone, 27 embayments, 314 365, 369, 383, 390, 417, 423, Emigrant Formation, 34 458, 461, 464, 467, 472, 482, Eagle basin, 77 Emigrant Gap complex, 152 490, 503, 522, 549, 557, 572, Eagle Mountain, 637 Emigrant Trail thrust, 588 578, 594, 597,601, 639, 647, earthquakes, 342, 368, 506, 601, 618, Empire Formation, 317 665 621, 622, 623 emplacement, 278 back-arc, 108 See also specific earthquakes Entiat fault, 242, 617 Cenozoic, 573 East Buttes, 381 Entiat-Leavenworth fault, 289 compressional orogenesis, 602 East Fork Formation, 35 Eocene, 225, 295, 297, 307, 384 continental, 489

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date, 563 194, 207, 226, 241, 244, 246, flysch, 28, 35, 46, 150, 159, 160, duration, 563 252, 262, 273, 277, 289, 319, 163, 669, 672, 673, 676 fore-arc, 108, 665 321, 340, 342, 362, 454, 458, Foggy Dew fault, 456 late Cenozoic, 369 556, 557, 588, 609, 611,612, Folsom complex, 152 magnitude, 560 614, 616, 675 Folsom dike swarm, 668 origin (forces), 575 subsea, 620 Foothills belt, 148, 149, 590, 637, regional, 350 syndepositional, 33 646, 662, 664, 676 tectonic, 288, 294 tear, 229, 594 southern, 135, 148, 157, 158 temporal evolution, 573 thrust, 15, 35, 39, 62, 64, 67, 70, western, 135, 147, 152, 158, 160, 72, 81, 85, 88, 129, 133, 154, 161 Fairview Valley Formation, 89, 130, 156, 170, 207, 210, 213, 215, Foothills complex, 153 154 219, 226, 228, 230, 232, 252, Foothills fault system, 159, 614 False Birdbear unit, 27 278, 291, 422, 425, 4 3 5 ,4 4 9 , Foothills suture, 108, 128, 134, 147, Famennian, 26 451, 454, 494, 590, 597 168, 614 middle, 27 Trans-Idaho discontinuity, 613 footwalls, 557, 560, 562 upper, 27 transcurrent, 594 flexure, 562 fanglomerate, 294, 362, 375, 620 transform, 437, 494, 659, 676 uplift, 562 fans upthrust, 210 Fort Crittenden Formation, 217 alluvial, 221, 223, 276, 335, 362, Walder Lane belt, 622 Fort Jones/Stuart Fork terrane, 433, 364, 385, 413, 620 Washington, 612, 613, 624 434, 435 deep-sea, 262 western Great Basin, 614 Fort Union Formation, 213 submarine, 183, 265, 270, 271 See also specific faults Four Comers area, 45, 314 Farallon plate, 205, 211, 212, 250, Feather River ophiolite belt, 134, 662, Four Eyes Canyon thrust, 228, 591 252, 261, 385, 439, 443, 466, 663 Four Mile Canyon Formation, 63 472, 691, 692, 693 Feather River peridotite belt, 38, 43, Foxen Mudstone, 330 Farmington Complex, 594 526 Fraction Tuff, 362, 373 faults felsites, 369 Franciscan assemblage, 241, 246, Arizona, 614 Fencemaker allochthon, 170 250, 253, 262, 621 basement, 216, 588 Fencemaker thrust system, 170, 172, Franciscan complex, 108, 123, 150, Basin and Range Province, 624 174, 449, 599 156, 164, 169, 176, 183,187, bounding, 192 Ferguson basin, 77, 78, 85 189, 196, 262, 278, 320, 327, California, 613, 614, 619, 620, Ferguson-Uinta basin, 81 470, 528, 544, 655, 658, 669, 624 Ferris diatreme, 25 675, 676 detachment, 3, 241, 292, 293, 309, ferrogabbro, 303 age, 184 462, 464, 557, 560, 562 Ferry County, Washington, 42 Central Belt, 185, 529, 675 extensional, 361 Fidalgo complex, 162, 189, 446, 671 Coastal Belt, 187 high-angle, 42, 77, 78, 121, 185, Fidalgo ophiolite, 437 Eastern Belt, 185, 528 187, 194, 225, 455, 458, 578, Fiddle Creek complex, 137, 141, 146, initial deposits, 163 586, 614 147, 439, 667 models, 188 inland areas, 615 Fiddle Creek terrane, 440 petrology, 184 Lewis and Clark line, 613, 624 Fifes Peak Formation, 301 structure, 184 listric, 364, 365 Fish Canyon Tuff, 500 tectonics, 188 low-angle, 42, 63, 144, 198, 221, Fish Creek Range, 222, 223, 306 Franciscan sequence, 447, 470 232, 236, 290, 292, 345, 363, Fisher Formation, 268, 270, 300 Franciscan subduction system, 442 364, 442, 467, 490, 577, 586 Fitchville Formation, 28 Franciscan terrane, coastal, 281 Mojave Desert, 622 Flagstaff Limestone, 283 Franklin Canyon Formation, 527 Mojave-Sonora megashear, 614 Flagstaff Mountain, 42 Franklin fault, 619 Nevada, 614 Flagstaff Mountain assemblage, 42, Frasnian, 26 normal, 19, 22, 29, 32, 63, 72, 78, 43, 45 Frazier River system, 122 84, 113, 132, 144, 154, 165, Flathead Lake depression, 190 Frazier River-Straight Creek system, 205, 210, 212, 232, 236, 273, Flathead Valley, 462 120, 122, 458 276, 289, 292, 294, 353, 354, flexure, 173, Fremont County, Colorado, 632 357, 358, 360, 363, 367, 376, flooding, catastrophic, 319 Fremont Dolostone, 25 384, 387, 414, 417, 441, 455, Flournoy Formation, 265 French Valley schist, 136, 142, 160 462, 464, 467, 472, 553, 555, Flowery Trail pluton, 143 Fresnel Canyon sequence, 145 556,562,577, 594, 597, 623 flows Frisco thrust, 225, 594 offshore, 620 andesitic, 86, 192, 198, 216 Fritz Creek thrust, 591 Olympic Wallowa lineament, 613 ash, 286 Front Range, 25, 215, 218, 521, 585, Oregon, 613, 624 basalt, 37, 76, 111, 135, 161, 185, 588 reverse, 78, 153, 158, 166, 180, 268, 413, 509 central, 309 210, 211, 275, 276, 320, 321, direction, 571 southern, 311 335, 368, 586, 588, 619, 675 lava, 378 Front Range uplift, 77, 81, 85, 215, San Andreas system, 618 pillow, 159 425 scarps, 620, 621 pyroclastic, 284, 348 Frontier Formation, 221 Sierra Nevada, 614, 622 rhyolitic, 377 Frost Creek Volcanics, 301 strike-slip, 15, 21, 26, 36, 60, 77, scale, 571 Fry Mountains, 166 108, 113, 121, 134, 140, 146, subsurface, 373 Fulmar fault, 265, 613 148, 156, 158, 161, 163, 185, flowtill, 16 Funeral Mountains, 523

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Furnace Creek fault, 15, 362, 364, gneiss, 16, 41, 170, 192, 196, 230, Gravelly Range, 297, 304 523, 623 232, 289, 291, 410, 422, 443, gravels, 247, 322, 340, 341, 353, Fusselman Dolostone, 25 445, 518, 521, 530, 592, 598, 354, 371 629, 632 rim, 286 gabbro, 37, 40, 70, 137, 162, 179, Goat River orogeny, 19, 415 Gravina sequence, 161, 163 181, 197, 278, 300, 419, 422, Goble Volcanics, 303 Gray Wolf assemblage, 280 446, 524, 662, 671 Golconda allochthon, 57, 60, 66, 74, Grays Harbor basin, 268 Gabbs Valley Range, 306 76, 82, 86, 88, 92, 93, 97, 111, Grays Harbor embayment, 314, 317 Gaddard pendant, 139 125, 127, 426, 428, 431, 547, graywacke, 41, 71, 72, 80, 140, 164, Galice basin, 437 635, 659 184, 185, 191, 196, 278, 442, Galice flysch, 159 Golconda thrust, 15, 60, 87, 88, 89, 446, 529, 531, 600, 637, 676 Galice Formation, 157, 440, 525, 127, 130, 431, 522 Great Basin, 15, 19, 24, 219, 288, 672 gold, 247, 288, 632, 643 291, 304, 342, 351, 361, 363, Galice sequence, 147 deposits, 350, 629, 634, 635, 637, 366, 369, 385, 387, 389, 390, Galice slate, 160 639, 640, 641, 646, 652 464, 467, 489, 490, 503, 614, Galisteo basin, 216 lobes, 629, 632 624, 643, 651, 691 Galisteo uplift, 215 placer, 353 central, 373, 644 Galiuro Mountains, 309 resources, 506 eastern, 155, 173, 289, 290, 292, Gallatin Mountains, 521 veins, 508 312, 373 Gallaway Formation, 325 Gold Acres gold deposit, 635 northern, 22, 221, 223, 644 Garden City Formation, 23 Gold Basin, Arizona, 639 southern, 19, 21 Garlock assemblage, 35 Gold Beach terrane, 193, 246, 251, southwestern, 375 Garlock fault, 112, 247, 361, 530, 252, 278, 281, 385 volcanic zone, 376 622 Gold Butte fault, 624 western, 175, 366, 373, 375, 376, garnet, 198, 239 Gold district, Nevada, 630 614, 616 Garrison Schist, 431, 446 Gold Hill area, 598 Great Basin hinterland, 254 Garrison terrane, 129 Gold Hill pluton, 167 belts, 221 gas Golden fault, 215 Great Divide subbasin, 214 generation, 45 Golden Horn batholith, 193, 295 Great Falls tectonic zone, 213, 218 migration, 45 Goldfield mining district, 343, 508, Great Plains, 283, 286, 297, 311 natural, 268 643 northern, 297, 407 producer, 340 Goldstone, California, 35, 345 southern, 4, 359 reservoirs, 219 Goler Basin, 226, 247, 248 Great Rift, 491 Gass Peak thrust, 225, 596, 597 Goler Formation, 226, 283 Great Valley, 108, 149, 157, 159, Gatlock fault, 243, 252, 253, 363 Goleta basin, 335 179, 262, 321, 353, 529, 658, Gaviota Formation, 276 Gondwanaland, 551 673 Gazelle Formation, 39, 43, 72 Goodhue Formation, 84, 86 northern, 669, 675 Gem Valley lava field, 376 Goose Lake area, 303 Great Valley basement, 180, 669 geometry, 170 Gorda plate, 619 Great Valley basin, 136, 159, 183, structural, 584, 590 Gore Range, 358 241, 247, 250, 251, 253, 262, geothermal energy, 361 Gough’s Canyon Formation, 76 270, 319, 327, 439, 670, 676 geothermal heat, 506 grabens, 132, 136, 141, 145, 358, Great Valley belt, 669, 670 geothermal resources, 506 360, 367, 612, 667 Great Valley Group, 169, 176, 180, potential, 366 half, 153, 276, 277, 414 185, 187, 198, 199, 442, 447 geothermal steam, 350 intra-arc, 140 basement, 180 geothermal systems, 376 Grand Canyon region, 522, 611 paleogeography, 183 Geronimo volcanic field, 371, 494 Grand Canyon-Mackenzie Mountains sedimentary petrology, 181 Getchell gold deposit, 635 disturbance, 415 sedimentology, 181 Geysers, The, 506 Grand Canyon Supergroup, 16, 410, structure, 181 Geysers field, 350 413 tectonics, 183 Gibbs well, 591 Grand Cycles, 21 thickness, 181 Gila Bend Mountains, 209 Grand Valley assemblage, 280 Great Valley ophiolite, 149, 437 Gila Conglomerate, 359, 360 Grande Ronde Basalt, 378 Great Valley sequence, 113, 160, 241, Gila region, 359 granite, 16, 179, 196, 217, 230, 232, 246, 247, 252, 270, 327, 447, Gila River, 360 234, 235, 238, 239, 255, 296, 470, 527, 528, 634, 670 Gilman, Colorado, 635 369, 412, 495, 523, 524, 632 Great Valley strata, 526 Girvanella, 22, 23 Granite Mountains, 28, 584, 585 Green River basin, 211, 214 Givetian, 25 Granite uplift, 214 Green River Formation, 214, 283 glaciations, Gondwanan, 551 Granite Wash Mountains, 234, 240 Green River subbasin, 214 Glacier Peak, 347 granitoids, 38, 217, 232, 235, 239, Green Valley fault, 619 Glance Conglomerate, 155, 164, 165, 240, 518, 521, 600 greenschist, 37, 134, 199, 232, 237, 172, 454 granodiorite, 41, 155, 165, 179, 192, 278, 430, 435, 446, 518, 523, Glass Mountain, 42 196, 198, 218, 232, 235, 238, 524, 525, 526, 530, 600, 662 glauconite, 410 239, 290, 309, 325, 346, 455 greenstone, 16, 17, 29, 31, 35, 37, glaucophane, 134 Grapevine Mountains, 364 40, 42, 62, 63, 82, 88, 133, 185, Glendale thrust, 596 graptolites, 11, 39 246, 419, 426, 521, 629, 645 Glendora Volcanics, 346 Grass Valley, 637 belts, 629, 632, 633, 635 Glenn Canyon Group, 154 Grasshopper thrust system, 172, 229 Greenville fault, 619

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Greenwater Range, 375 offshore, 66, 80, 82 Homestake gold deposits, 632 Grenadier horst, 15 Havallah sequence, 60, 89, 92, 95, Honey Lake fault, 622 Grenville Province, 633 130, 635, 659 Honeycomb Hills, 376 Grey Eagle deposit, 637 Hawaiian hot spot, 383 Hood volcano, 483 Grindstone terrane, 41, 66, 71, 80, 87, hawaiite, 372, 375 Hopi Buttes region, 492 90, 96, 97, 132, 133 Hawley-Creek thrust, 591 Hopi volcanic field, 383, 389 Grinds tone-Twelvemile melange, 41 Hayfork arc, 152, 437, 440 hornblende, 198, 235, 443, 495 grit, 63, 341 Hayfork terrane, 90, 91, 129,133, Hornbrook basin, 241, 250, 253 Grizzly Formation, 38 146, 151, 162, 525 Hombrook Formation, 180, 183, Grizzly Peak caldera, 487, 497 eastern, 434, 436 246 Grizzly Valley fault, 622 western, 434, 436, 525 hornfels, 35, 516, 528, 531 Grogan fault, 613, 619 Hayhook orogeny, 19, 412 Horse Canyon Formation, 17 Gros Ventre-Teton area, 589 Haystack Mountain complex, 162 Horse Lake Mountain, 301 Grossman Formation, 75 Hayward fault, 243, 618 Horse Spring Formation, 361, 363 Grouse Creek Range, 222, 291 Hayward-Rogers Creek fault system, Horseshoe Bend Formation, 527 Grouse Ridge Formation, 40 350 Horseshoe Gulch sequence, 39 Guadalupe-Santa Maria Valley-Cat Hazelton arc, 142 Hosgri fault, 243, 272, 330, 619 Canyon trend, 332 Hazelton Formation, 692 Hosselkus Limestone, 138, 433 Guadalupian Nosoni Formation, 86 Hazelton-Rossland arc, 143 hot springs, 350, 369 Guadelupe pluton, 439 Heart Mountain allochthon, 290 Hot Springs Range, 63, 82, 97 Gualala basin, 247, 248 Heart Mountain thrust, 290 House Range, 22, 167, 596 Guatemala ophiolite complex, 655 heat flow, 233, 342, 354, 359, 361, House Range embayment, 22, 63 Guerrero terrane, 470 366, 368, 369, 373, 506, 515, Hozameen fault, 121, 193, 612 Guilmette Limestone, 46 533, 568, 572 Hozameen Group, 163, 518 Gulf of California, 341, 390, 616 Hebgen Lake earthquake, 368 Hozameen Mountain-Ross Lake area, Gulf of California depression, 549, Hefty thrust, 229 162 574 Heise volcanic field, 381 Huachuca Mountains, 217 Gulf of Mexico, 439, 615 Helena Embayment, 410 Hualapai Limestone member, 341 Gulf of Mexico depression, 164 Helena salient, 228 Huasna basin, 276, 277, 327 Gull Lake pendant, 11 Hell-rearing Creek stock, 410 Huasna-Pismo basin, 321 Gumdrop Hills fault, 623 Henry Mountains, 314, 481 Huckleberry volcanic rocks, 415 Gunnison County, Colorado, 632 Hercynian orogenic belt, 548 Huerfano Formation, 216 Gunnison fault, 611 Hickey Formation, 360, 372 Huerfano Park basin, 215 Gunnison Plateau, 594 Hidalgo overthrust, 597 Humboldt County, Nevada, 45 Gunsight Mills, 233 Hidalgo uplift, 217 Humboldt Formation, 361, 363 gypsum, 143, 334 Hidalgo Volcanics, 217 Humboldt lopolith, 441, 691 Gypsum Springs Formation, 155 High Cascades, 301,348, 389 Humboldt Orogeny, 78 High Cascades magmatic arc Humboldt plate, 619 halite, 361 latest Miocene, 346 Humboldt Range, 89 Halloran Hills, 454 Quaternary, 346 Humboldt system, 153 Hamblin Bay fault, 624 High Cascades platform, 348 Humboldt zone, 363, 366 Hamblin-Cleopatra stratovolcano, 345 High Lava Plains, 366, 379,381, 385, Humptulips, 268 Hamlet mudstone, 268 386, 390, 503 Hungry Valley Formation, 337 Hammer Bluff Formation, 319 High Plains, 354, 489 Hunter Mountain, 623 Hams Fork Conglomerate Member, High Plateau, 350, 351, 353, 363, Huntington anticline, 594 219 373 Huntington Formation, 143 Hanford nuclear site, 509 Higham grit, 140 Huntington terrane, 91 Hanna basin, 214 Highwood Mountains, 297 Hurricane Deck area, 332 Hansel thrust system, 172 Higley basin, 286 Hurwall Formation, 138, 143 Happy Creek complex, 153, 166 Hiko Tuff, 362 hyaloclastics, 32 Happy Creek Formation, 143 Hilgard fault system, 213 hyaloclastite, 543 Harcuvar Mountains, 234 Hilton deposit, Australia, 633 hydrocarbons, 219, 340 Harding Sandstone, 234 hinterland, 173, 221, 223, 225, 229, potential, 592 Hardo Formation, 161 553, 601, 607 production, 319, 366 Harmony Formation, 21, 29, 30, 31, See also Cordilleran hinterland hydrothermal activity, 635, 643, 651 32, 34, 38, 63, 65, 72, 420 Hoadley thrust, 229, 591 hydrothermal discharge, 349 Harney Basin, 377 Hoana carbonate bank, 62 hydrothermal fluids, 633 Harquahala Mountains, 234, 600 Hoana Limestone, 28, 62 hydrothermal systems, 381, 635, 640, Harrison fault, 458 Hoback subbasin, 214 651 Harrison Lake strata, 161 Hogsback thrust, 592 Harts Pass group, 192 Hogsback thrust fault, 219 Ibex basin, 15, 22, 24, 25, 26 Hartville uplift, 214 Hoh Rock assemblage, 314, 317 Ibex district, 23 harzburgite, 524, 525 Hoko River Formation, 268 Ibexian Series, 22 Havallah assemblage, 423, 426, 428, Holbrook basin, 81 ice caps, spreading, 600 431, 450, 471 Holden Mine, Washington, 636, 641 ice dams, glacial, 319 Havallah basin, 74, 76, 85, 86, 92, Holden quadrangle, 138 ice sheet, 16 94, 96, 97, 420, 423, 426, 432, Homestake, South Dakota, 629 Idaho, 591, 592 471, 659, 664, 665 Homestake fault, 611 central, 34

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Idaho batholith, 112, 118, 176, 178, Ivrea zone, Italy, 505 Kevin-Sunburst dome, 590 180, 213, 229, 238, 254, 290, Izee terrane, 132, 133, 135, 148, 665 Keweah belt, 668 296, 300, 355, 367, 369, 430, Keystone fault, 225, 597 461, 483, 484, 508, 519, 531, Jacalitos Formation, 327 Keystone thrust plate, 172, 225, 596, 532, 555, 613 Jackson fault, 219 597, 607 Idaho-Montana porphyry belt, 218, Jackson Hole, 357 Kilbeck Hills, 600 640 Jackson Mountains, 84, 431, 432, 449 Kilbome Hole, 494 Idaho-Wyoming salient, 584 Jackson-Prospect fault, 466 kinematics, 166 Idaho-Wyoming thrust belt, 167, 169, Jarbidge Rhyolite, 378 basin-spreading, 673 607 Jardine gold deposit, Montana, 629 cross-sectional, 557 Idavada Volcanics, 379, 380 jasper, 17, 144 lithosphere-scale, 567 igneous systems, 510 Jelm Formation, 131 King Lear Formation, 153, 166, 449 ignimbrite, 132, 139, 140, 144, 154, Jemez Mountains, 388, 390 King Range terrane, 246, 278, 281, 155, 165, 645 Jemez Mountains volcanic field, 372, 320, 387 Ikes Canyon, 23 478 Kings Peak subterrane, 281 illite, 519 Jemez zone, 371, 388, 389 Kings River ophiolite, 38, 43, 659, Imperial County, California, 36 Jerome, Arizona, 632 662 Imperial fault, 342, 618 Jerritt Canyon gold deposit, 635 Kings sequence, 132, 134, 135, 137, Imperial Formation, 341 John Day basin, 385, 386 142,148, 665, 667 Imperial Valley region, 620 John Day Formation, 284, 300, 303, Kings-Kaweah belt, 662 Independence dike swarm, 164, 165, 367 Kingston Peak Formation, 17, 413, 166, 179, 454, 675 John Day magmatic region, 303 415 Independence Mountains, 65, 66, 75, Johnson Spring Formation, 24 Kingston Range, 464 76, 80, 85, 86, 89, 92, 97 Josephine basin, 673 Kinnikinic Quartzite, 22, 24, 35 Indian Head fault, 623 Josephine lithosphere, 437 Kino Spring fault, 614 Indian Heaven field, 349 Josephine ophiolite, 146, 147, 149, Kit Peak-Trigo Peak superunit, 155 Indian Wells Formation, 288, 300 152, 157, 159, 181, 439, 440, Klamath basin, 439 Indian Wells pendant, 35 525, 658, 669, 672 Klamath belt, 70, 71, 524 Indio Mills, 341 Joy Tuff, 301 eastern, 39, 40, 96, 97 Inez fault, 615 Juab beds, 23 Klamath block, 367, 688 Ingalls complex, 162, 192, 671 Juab Limestone, 22, 23 Klamath-Chilliwack arc system, 430 Ingalls Formation, 303 Juan de Fuca plate, 317, 348, 383, Klamath Falls, Oregon, 369 Ingalls ophiolite, 437 385, 616 Klamath inset, 133, 137, 142, 147 Inmaha Basalt, 378 Julian schist, 136, 142, 160 Klamath island arc, 420, 439 Insular superterrane, 111, 121, 123, Juncal Formation, 275 Klamath Mountains, 20, 38, 39, 42, 141, 146, 163, 668 June Canyon thrust sequence, 23 57, 60, 66, 70, 72, 74, 76, 90, Insular suture belt, 112, 120, 130, Juniper Buttes, 381 92, 96, 108, 113, 118, 128, 131, 148, 150, 156, 161 Junipero Sandstone, 273 133, 145, 147, 148, 154, 159, Intermontane Belt, 467 Jurassic, 439, 665, 688, 696 162, 178, 180, 183, 187, 238, Intermontane superterrane, 111, 121, Early, 141, 634, 636, 665 242, 247, 251, 253, 262, 281, 123, 128, 130, 132, 137, 141, Late, 156,169,432, 437,443, 665, 317, 419, 422, 432, 433, 436, 142, 146, 148,151, 158, 161, 668 439, 443, 447, 453, 468, 484, 163 Middle, 145,433,436,448, 696 494, 502, 519, 526, 637, 663, Intermontane tectonic regime, 458 665, 668, 693 intracontinental movement, 652 Kaibab uplift, 216 central, 133, 146, 147, 150, 156, Inyo Craters chain, 508 Kane Springs Wash center, 375 420, 435, 663 Inyo dome, 376 Kaniksu batholith, 444 deformation (intra-arc), 436 Inyo/Mono Craters, 506 Kanosh Shale, 22, 23, 24 eastern, 45, 80, 82, 84, 86, 90, 94, Inyo Mountains, 22, 97, 129, 130, Karmutsen metavolcanics, 468 97, 108, 127, 132, 138,14 3, 131, 139, 144, 153, 365, 600 karsts, 24, 25 151, 158, 159, 176, 179,246, Inyo Range complex, 523 Kaslo Group, 430 419, 420, 426, 430, 432, 433, lone Formation, 353 Kate Peak Formation, 343 526 iron, 29, 43, 306, 508 Kaweah melange, 142, 146, 662 evolution, 433 formations, 629, 632 Kaweah River area, 135, 137 magmatism, 436 ores, 633, 638, 642 Kawich Range, 373 melange, 419 Iron King deposit, 632 Kayenta Formation, 145 northern, 119 Iron Mountains, 235 Keasey Formation, 270, 300 southern flank, 246 iron-skam deposits, 638 Keechelus Andesite, 301 southwest, 159 Iron Springs district, 306, 508, 637 Keen Creek sequence, 80 terrane, 314, 435, 436, 524 Iron Springs Formation, 283 Kennedy pendant, 35 western, 108, 136, 142, 146, 151, island arcs, 61, 66, 80, 82, 90, 92, 96, Kennett Formation, 40, 70, 634 157, 160, 246, 636, 658, 664, 136, 551, 634, 654 keratophyre, 39, 181, 670 668, 672 volcanic, 60, 93 Kern Canyon fault, 622 Klamath province, 91, 526 Island Mountain deposit, 636 Kern Mountains, 222 eastern, 433 islands, oceanic, 111, 551 Kern River Formation, 327, 364 Klamath/Sierra block, California, 693 Isom Formation, 306 kerogen, 43 Klamath-Sierran arc, 71, 420, 422, isostasy, intracrustal, 567 Kettle dome, 193, 289, 598 423, 426, 430, 431, 440 Iverson Basalt, 310, 325 Kettle-Lincoln dome, 518 Klamath-Sierran terrane, 435

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Klamath subduction complex, 142 Lark mine, 652 Iherzolite, 524 Klamath terrane, 314, 435, 43 6,524 Las Palmas Gravel, 278 Liard Sandstone, 325 coastal, 281 Las Vegas, 292 Lights Creek, California, 638 eastern, 524, 655 Las Vegas fault, 15 Lima Conglomerate, 213 western, 185 Las Vegas Valley shear zone, 363, Lima-Dillon area, 304 klippen, 185 365, 596, 623 limburgite, 383 Klondike Mountain Formation, 295 Las Virgenes Sandstone, 276 lime, 46 Knoxville flysch, 160 Lassen Peak, 349 Lime Ridge fault, 624 Knoxville Formation, 162, 669, 670 Last Chance fault, 225, 621 limestones, 11, 16, 21, 23, 25, 28, Kohistan section, Pakistan, 505 Last Chance inset, 130 35, 37, 39, 41, 45, 66, 70, 75, Koipato Formation, 431 Last Chance thrust fault, 225 76, 80, 82, 84, 87, 90, 112, 130, Koipato Group, 89, 130 Last Chance thrust system, 125, 127, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 143, Koipato sequence, 97 129, 442, 600, 664 160, 162, 175, 187, 223, 246, Kokoweef fault, 623 Latah Formation, 378 288, 341, 413, 414, 426, 431, Kootenay Arc, 598 Latin volcanic field, 369 435, 529, 544, 593, 600, 658 Kootenay Formation, 213 Latir Mountains, 489 Lincoln Creek Formation, 268, 316, Kootenay terrane, 41, 111, 120, 151 Latir volcanic field, 495 317 Kramer deposit, 361 latites, 299, 306, 376 lithium, 361, 366, 509 Kreyenhagen Formation, 273 Laughlin Peak area, 311 lithofacies, 548, 634 Kula plate, 205, 250, 252, 455, 458, Lava Mountains, 345 marine, 540 625, 692, 693 lavas, 16, 32, 43, 45, 63, 66, 70, 76, nonmarine, 540 Kuroko type, 636 82, 86, 92, 138, 140, 162, 180, lithosphere, 39, 553, 564, 565, 567, Kutcho Formation, 138 267, 284, 295, 299, 301, 303, 572, 575, 579, 667, 668 kyanite, 519, 523 305, 308, 311, 317, 343, 348, continental, 173, 253, 432, 568 Kyugot Group, 162 350, 357, 362, 367, 369, 371, mantle, 460, 470, 472 373, 376, 378, 380, 387, 410, oceanic, 407, 576, 634, 654, 658, La Barge thrust fault, 219, 592 413, 483, 486, 490, 500, 518, 676 La Caridad, Sonora, 639 530, 654 subcontinental, 491 La Caridad-Mineral Park belt, 639 domes, 489 Little Belt Mountains, 297 La Grange fault, 468 flows, 29, 31, 42, 90, 135, 137, Little Butte Volcanic Series, 270, 300, La Honda basin, 248, 273, 277 142, 144, 152, 166, 349, 489 302 La Joya basin, 216 pillow, 39, 40, 66, 70, 80, 82, 89, Little Harquahala Mountains, 234 La Monda basin, 321 136, 137, 149, 152, 317, 446, Little Walder River caldera center, 376 La Panza fault, 276 654, 658, 667, 670, 672, 676 Liveoak Shale Member, 274 La Panza Range, 274, 322, 469 Lavina Wash Tuff, 172, 607 Livermore basin, 321 La Sal Mountains, 314 lawsonite, 134, 185, 529 Llagas Formation, 276 laccoliths, 297, 308, 311 Laytonville rocks, 442 Llandoverian, 25 Laguna Salada, 621 lead, 28, 43, 632, 643 Locatelli Formation, 273 Lake Basin fault zone, 213 deposits, 633, 634, 641, 645, 646 Lockwood Valley, 275, 276, 335 Lake Basin lineament, 208 Leadville, Colorado, 635 Lockwood Valley basin, 276 Lake Cahuilla, 341 Leadville-Climax area, 309 Lodgepole Limestone, 28 Lake City caldera, 497, 498 Leadville Limestone, 28 Lodo Formation, 272, 273 Lake Gosuite, 214 Leamington fault, 615 Log Cabin mine pendant, 11 Lake Mead, 292, 346, 360, 372, 388 Leatham Formation, 34 Logan Gulch Member, 27 Lake Mead domain, 555, 564, 567 Leatham Member, 28 Logan Mountains, 469 Lake Mead fault system, 360, 363, 624 Leatherwood suite, 232 Logtown Ridge Formation, 152 Lake Searles, 366 Leech River fault, 268, 270, 459, 612 Lomita Marl Member, 340 Lake Uinta, 214 Leech River Schist, 268 Lompico Sandstone, 324 Lake Valley Limestone, 28 Lehman Formation, 22 Lompoc-Colvang fault, 327, 330 Lambert Shale, 324 Lemhi arch, 15, 21, 34, 417, 419 Lompoc trend, 332 lamproite, 314, 383 Lemhi Pass, Idaho, 643 Lonesome Formation, 148, 149 lamprophyre, 165 Lemhi Range, 368 Long Valley caldera, 375, 376, 377, Lander County, Nevada, 45 Lemoine thrust fault, 225 390, 487, 495, 497, 506, 510 Lane Mountain, 35 Leola Volcanics, 16 Lopez complex, 189, 446 Lang-Halsted sequence, 37, 38 Leona Heights deposit, 636 Lorane Siltstone, 268 Lang sequence, 66 leucite, 383 Los Alamos syncline, 332 Laramide basins, 215 Leucite Hills, 383 Los Angeles basin, 253, 321, 334, Laramide magmatism, 486 leucogranite, 239 337, 345, 616, 621 Laramide orogeny, 207, 283, 383, Lewis and Clark fault zone, 462 models, 340 503, 504, 583, 638 Lewis and Clark line, 15, 363, 462, Los Angeles-Peninsular Ranges post-, 26 1 ,3 8 3 557, 611, 613, 624, 632 region, 112 Laramide shortening, 585 Lewis and Clark lineament, 591 Los Muertos basin, 358 Laramie basin, 214 Lewis and Clark zone, 208, 213, 226, Lospe Formation, 277, 327 Laramie Formation, 208 228, 229 Lost Basin, Arizona, 639 Laramie Range, 215 Lewis River Group, 137, 138 Lost Basin district, Nevada, 639 Laramie uplift, 214 Lewis thrust, 229 Lost River-Arco Hills thrust, 591 Lardeau Group, 74, 80, 96, 422 Lewis thrust fault, 590 Lost River fault, 368 Larder Lake, Ontario, 637 Lexington deposit, 642 Lost River Range, 368

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Lotta Creek tuff, 670 basaltic, 489 Maria-McCoy-Mule Mountains belt, Love Ranch basin, 216 Coast Ranges, 309, 349 233 Love Ranch Formation, 217 Coastal transform system, 342 Mariana arc system, 654 Lovejoy Basalt, 303 Colorado Plateau, 311 Mariana-Bonin fore-arc, 667 Lovelock volcanic zone, 377 early Miocene, 295,307 marianite, 667 Lover’s Leap sequence, 39 Eocene, 295, 307 Marin Headlands, 164, 185, 187, 676 Lower costatus zone, 27 extension, 369 Mariposa Formation, 152, 157, 439, Lower crenulata zone, 28 foreland, 297 527, 637 Lower expansa zone, 27, 28 Great Basin region, 373 Markley Formation, 271 Lowland Creek Volcanics, 297 interior systems, 294 marls, 130 Lucia Mudstone, 273 late Cenozoic, 342, 369 Marrowstone Shale, 270 Lummi Formation, 189, 192, 447 mid-Miocene, 349 Martin Bridge Formation, 90, 138 Lummi Group, 446, 672 mid-Tertiary, 301, 307, 309, 311 Martin Formation, 28 Lummi unit, 162 Middle Jurassic, 436 Marysvale volcanic field, 373, 487 Luning allochthon, 170 Mojave Desert, 309 Mascall Formation, 378 Luning-Fencemaker belt, 166,449, Nevadan, 159 Mashel Formation, 319 450 northern Great Plains, 297 Matilija Sandstone, 275 Luning thrust system, 172, 174, 449, problems, 481 May Creek Schist, 525, 526 599 progress, 481 Mazatzal orogeny, 611 Lupine Mine, 632 Rio Grande, 307 McArthur River deposit, Australia, 633 Luzon arc, 664 Rocky Mountains (Southern), 369 McCloud arc, 131, 147, 151, 158, Lyre Formation, 268 Sierra Madre, 307 160, 161, 163, 655, 658, 659, silicic, 487, 578 664, 665 Maacana-Bennett Valley fault, 624 societal concerns, 505 McCloud assemblage, 61 Macquarie Ridge-Hjort Trench Sonoran Desert, 309 McCloud basement, 127, 132, 141, juncture, 654 southern foreland, 311 147 Mad River fault zone, 320 southern Rocky Mountains, 307 McCloud belt, 94 Mad River terrane, 41 tectonic setting, 502 McCloud carbonate platform, 84 Madison-Gallatin uplift, 212, 213 transport, 567 McCloud fauna, 82, 127, 128, 133, Madison-Gravelly uplift, 212, 213 uplift (late Cenozoic), 369 151, 551, 655, 663 Madison Limestone, 27, 28 magnetite, 633 McCloud island arc, 95, 108, 111, Madison Range, 297, 521 Mahon Mountain, 372 123, 127, 133 Madstone thrust, 157 Majuba igneous complex, 303 McCloud Limestone, 82, 84, 108, 127, Magdalena Peak, 371 Makah Formation, 270 134, 426, 435, 637 Maggie Creek gold deposit, 635 Malapai Hill, 365 McCloud province, 82, 91, 95 Magma Mine, Arizona, 635 Malibu Coast fault, 243, 273 McCloud rocks, 111, 143 magmas, 70, 135, 179, 233, 240, 292, manganese deposits, 293 McCloud segment, 127, 130, 137, 297, 300, 303, 305, 310, 343, mangerite, 412 142, 150 350, 359, 369, 371, 372, 375, Maniobra Formation, 276, 341 McCloud sequence, 92 379, 381, 389, 481, 483, 486, Manning Canyon detachment, 222 McCoy basin, 164, 165, 234 516, 567, 662 Manning Canyon fault, 454 McCoy Mountains, 454, 460 center, 569 Manning Canyon Shale, 75, 598 McCoy Mountains Formation, 165, crystallization, 368 mantle, 292, 311, 354, 383, 385, 412, 175,234, 600 dynamics, 499 460, 482, 483, 489, 492, 494, McCracken Sandstone Member, 45 peraluminous, 497 500, 516, 527, 568, 575, 641 McDermitt caldera, 383, 644 silicic, 489, 500 flow, 579 McDermitt caldera complex, 497 sources, 500 flux, 569 McDermitt volcanic field, 377, 509 types, 482 upper, 136, 157, 354, 357, 359, McGill Canyon succession, 84 magmatic arcs, 43, 66, 72, 147, 157, 361, 366, 368, 371, 375, 504, McGowan Creek Formation, 28 169, 173, 176, 189, 205, 207, 565, 568, 569, 572, 575, 653, McIntosh Formation, 267, 268 224, 234, 237, 238, 239, 241, 659, 672 McKenzie Mountains, 415 250, 254, 294, 295, 343, 349, maps McLaughlin deposit, 643 383, 386, 441, 447, 453, 458, Devonian, 96 McLaughlin mine, 350 471, 472, 483, 503, 577, 601, Early Mississippian, 96 McLaughlin zone, 624 638, 642, 643 Late Mississippian, 96 McRae Formation, 217 magmatic belt, 295 paleogeographic, 96 Meade thrust, 593 magmatic gap, 346, 383, 472 paleotectonic-paleogeographic, 112 mechanisms, focal, 562, 616, 621 magmatism, 2, 74, 76, 81, 84, 87, 92, Pennsylvanian, 97 Medicine Bow Mountains, 521 133, 135, 146, 155, 156, 159, Permian, 97 Medicine Bow uplift, 214 161, 169, 180, 192, 207, 211, Marathon region, 22 Medicine Lake Highland, 379 218, 223, 237, 254, 261, 283, marble, 16, 35, 36, 40, 42, 133, 134, Medicine Lake volcano, 483 290, 294, 298, 306, 343, 345, 135, 136, 236, 527, 663 Medicine Lodge thrust, 172, 228, 591 346, 384, 440, 441, 455, 458, Marble Mountains, 600, 669 Meekoceras, 131 460, 471, 481, 555, 567, 568, Marble Mountains terrane, 136, 152, megabreccias, 154, 291, 362, 489 576, 633, 636, 639, 640, 652, 434, 435, 525 megacrysts, 493 659 Marblemount area, 138 Mehrten Formation, 320, 343, 353 arc, 66, 72, 295, 349, 386, 453, Maria fold and thrust belt, 234, 459, Melones fault zone, 142, 147, 148, 471, 483, 577 597, 600 158, 439, 526, 527, 614

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melting, 350, 483 Methow basinal sequence, 112, 163 miogeoclinal prisms, 539, 544, 547 partial, 233, 381, 491, 494, 500, Methow-Pasayten basin, 446 miogeocline, 9, 57, 108, 113, 118, 639 Methow-Pasayten belt, 189, 192, 443, 120, 125, 127, 129, 131, 132, melts, 499, 505, 569 444, 446 136, 141, 153, 168, 410, 415, crustal, 238 Methow Valley region, 121, 163 417, 422, 425, 428, 448, 450, partial, 373, 383 Metralla Sandstone Member, 274 553, 585, 635, 664 Mendocino region, basins, 319 Mexican border, 346 miogeosyncline, 9, 25, 29, 34, 178 Mendocino triple junction, 281, 319, Mexican Highlands, 359, 371, 389, Mississippian, 652 320, 321, 322, 325, 350, 385, 390 Early, 61,71, 96 386, 388, 576, 643 Mexican Highlands-southern Rocky Late, 96 Mercur deposit, 645, 646 Mountains region, 2 94 Missouri breaks, 297, 298 mercury, 350, 506, 509, 643, 644 m61anges, 37, 66, 90, 128, 133, 136, Mist field, 268 Mesa Butte fault, 609, 611 150, 158, 164, 185, 197, 241, Mitchell area, 245 Mesa Verde Group, 221 246, 278, 280, 314, 386, 426, Mitchell inlier, 132, 134 Mescal Range, 144 433, 435, 442, 471, 519, 529, Modelo Formation, 344 Mesozoic, 483, 612, 637 544, 612, 658, 664, 669, 675 models early, 107, 223, 431 mica, 42, 317 extensional denudation, 675 late, 4 4 2 ,4 4 7 white, 91 fluid layer, 567, 570 lower, 551 microearthquake swarms, 358 foreland basement deformation, 589 Mesquite Pass fault, 225, 597 Midcontinent platform, 24 gravity sliding, 600 metabasalts, 134, 236, 443, 468, 663 Midcontinent region, 24 gravity spreading, 600 metabasites, 128, 187, 662 Middle Buttes, 381 intracontinental subduction, 223 metachert, 42, 70, 91, 133, 134, 236, Middle expansa zone, 27, 28 lithospheric extension, 567 527, 662 Middle Park basin, 215 necking instability, 572 metadacite, 131 Midnight Peak Formation, 192 plate tectonic, 164, 253 metagabbro, 134 Midnite Mine, Washington, 641 strike-slip systems, 625 metagraywacke, 185, 197, 236, 280, migmatite, 193, 522 tectonic, 19, 625, 675, 686 521, 524 Milford Group, 74, 76, 80, 96, 422, tectonic compression, 600 Metaline deposit, 645 430 Modin Formation, 138 Metaline district, Washington, 633 Mill Canyon thrust, 23 Modoc Plateau, 113 metallogeny, 632, 651 Mill Creek valley, 42 Modoc Plateau province, 243 metamorphism, 11, 27, 40, 43, 62, Miller Mountain, 35 Moenave Formation, 140, 145 66, 71, 74, 87, 89, 91, 129, 131, Miller Mountain-Candelaria Hills Moenkopi Formation, 130, 131, 140 135, 141, 146, 154, 156, 163, section, 31 Moffett Creek Formation, 39, 43 167, 174, 180, 185, 187, 191, Milligen Formation, 34, 35, 43 Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, 307, 205, 207, 218, 221, 222, 226, Mina area, 97 354, 384, 486, 487, 491, 495 229, 233, 236,250, 278, 280, Mina-Candelaria region, 86, 88, 97 Mogollon Highland, 286, 289, 293, 293, 341, 342, 407, 435, 445, Mina Formation, 86, 88, 430, 432 309, 354, 385 448, 454, 460, 557, 600, 668 Mindego Basalt, 324 Mogollon Plateau, 294, 307, 359, Colorado Plateau, 522 Mineral County, Nevada, 34, 45 385, 389 Cordillera (western), 515 Mineral Fork Formation, 17, 414 Mohawkian, 22, 24 Great Basin, 522 Mineral King roof pendant, 131, 135, Moho, 566, 567, 603 Great Valley, 527 139, 144, 153 Mojave and Sonoran Deserts region, high-pressure, 675 Mineral Mountains, Utah, 306, 373, 230,231,232,233,235 Klamath Mountains, 524 376, 506 Mojave block, 281, 333, 345, 364 Mojave Desert, 523 Mineral Mountains intrusive complex, Mojave Desert, 62, 89, 96, 97, 113, northern Franciscan, 527 506 125, 127, 129, 131, 154, 165, Pacific Northwest, 518 Mineral Park, Arizona, 639 176, 178, 179, 207, 230, 240, Peninsular Ranges, 530 Mineral Ridge, 291, 364 252, 283, 288, 292, 307, 321, physical conditions, 515 minerals 359, 360, 366, 375, 390, 425, Rio Grande Rift area, 522 base-metal, 297 441, 467, 531, 614, 622, 664 Rocky Mountains, 518,521 blueschist, 87 central, 35, 89, 154, 166, 292, 310, Salinian block, 529 diagenetic, 43 361, 387, 442, 454 Sierra Nevada, 526 iron sulfide, 35 eastern, 130, 144, 154, 250, 254, Sonoran Desert, 523 metamorphic, 184, 191, 222 372, 600 southern California Borderland, 531 oxide, 43 north-central, 454 Transverse Ranges, 530 sedimentary, 43 northeastern, 375 metaquartzite, 36 sulfide, 42, 43 northern, 81, 224, 225, 422, 428 metasandstones, 135, 198 syngenetic, 43 western, 81,248, 310, 469 metasediments, 420 zinc sulfide, 29 Mojave Desert batholith, 241 metashales, 524 minette, 314 Mojave extended domain, 555, 563 metavolcanics, 527 Mint Canyon Formation, 335, 618 Mojave-Rio Grande region, 358 Metchosin Formation, 455 Miocene Mojave-Snow Lake fault, 448, 449 Metchosin lava, 459 early, 295, 307 Mojave-Sonora megashear, 614, 625 Metchosin Volcanics, 265 late, 343,346, 363,378 Mojave-Sonoran region, 156, 292 meteoric water, 366, 634 lower, 265 molasse, 35, 46 Methow basin, 112, 123, 242, 245, middle, 343, 349, 361, 377, 384, molybdenum deposits, 508, 641, 642 444, 446, 447 386, 388 molybdenum, 43, 639, 640, 642

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mineralization, 308, 309 Mount Stuart area, 162, 671 Nevada-Califomia belt, 343 Monashee Group, 598 Mount Stuart batholith, 192, 447 Nevada City, 637 monchiquite, 383 Mount Tallac roof pendant, 143 Nevada County, California, 45 Monitor Range, 82, 88 Mount Tolman deposit, Washington, Nevada marine province, 168 Monk Formation, 16 641 Nevada orogeny, 583 Mono dome, 376 Mount Wrightson Formation, 140, Nevada rift zone, 389 Mono Lake, 375 144, 145 northern, 362, 373, 377 Mono Lake basin, 306, 365 Mountain City, Nevada, 43, 635, 646 Nevada Test Site, 24, 509 monoclines, 215, 216, 459, 585 Mountain City copper deposits, Idaho, Nevada volcanic belt, 373, 375, 376 Montana 634 Nevada volcanic field, 497 northern, 590 Mountain Taylor field, 371 Nevadan anticline, 158 southwestern, 212, 591 Moxa arch, 601 Nevadan flysch, 160 western, 226 Muddy Creek Formation, 360, 363, Nevadan orogeny, 147, 150, 156, 157, Montana alkalic province, 297 372 161, 163, 176, 179, 181, 183, Montana arch, 75, 77, 425 Muddy Mountains thrust, 596, 607 207, 437, 443, 676, 696 Montana disturbed belt, 590 Muddy Mountains thrust fault, 225 Never Summer thrust, 215 Montana foreland, 213 mudflow, 284, 300, 348, 349 New Guinea, 655 Montana thrust belt, 169, 170 mud, 23, 25, 145, 183, 319 New Mexico, 215 Montana transverse zone, southwest, mudstone, 22, 24, 37, 43, 45, 66, 131, southwestern, 217 226 138, 140, 143, 160, 180, 181, New Pass Range, 86, 97 Monte Cristo Limestone, 28 183, 185, 191, 193, 196, 197, New Rambler Mine, 632 Monterey Formation, 322, 324, 325, 246, 267, 268, 277, 280, 281, New York Mountains, 139, 235, 454, 327, 330, 332, 334, 340 316, 317, 322, 324, 330, 334, 597 Montesano Formation, 319 335, 340, 341, 442, 528, 670 Newark Canyon Formation, 222, 283 Montgomery Limestone, 37 mugearite, 375 Newark Canyon Group, 449 Montoya Dolostone, 25 Mule Mountain pluton, 420 Newberry Mountains, 292 Monument dike swarm, 368 Mule Mountain stock, 40, 70, 96 Newberry volcano, 379, 381, 483, 508 Monument uplift, 216 Mule Mountains thrust system, 140, Newfoundland Mountains, 27, 28, 167, monzonite, 218, 238, 301, 306 234, 235, 459 222, 598, 602 Moore Gulch fault, 609, 611 Muruntau gold deposit, Uzbek Newport embayment, 314, 317 Moose Mountain fault, 611 Republic, 635 Newport extended domain, 556 Morales Formation, 332 muscovite, 222, 235, 239 Newport fault, 289, 290 Mormon Mountains, 363, 464, 563, my Ionite, 199, 293, 449, 558, 598 Newport sandstone unit, 317 565 mylonitization, 519, 523 Newport-lnglewood belt, 621 Mormon Mountains domain, 560 Myrtle Formation, 671 Newport-lnglewood fault, 243, 273, Mormon Peak detachment, 562 339, 340, 615 Mormon thrust, 596 Naches Formation, 300 Newton Mine, California, 636 Morrison Formation, 167 Nacimiento fault zone, 588, 615, 619 nickel, 43, 629, 632 Morro Rock-Islay Hill chain, 310 Nacimiento uplift, 215 Nicola arc, 138 Mother Lode belt, 152, 247, 508, 637, Nanaimo basin, 244, 250, 253 Nicola Group, 137, 138 464 Nanaimo Group, 191, 243, 447 Nicola sequence, 130 Mount Adams, 348 National Reactor Testing Station, 509 Ninemile fault, 591 Mount Aetna caldera complex, 489 Navajo-Aztec sand sheets, 146 Ninemile Formation, 23, 24 Mount Baldy stratovolcano, 371 Navajo Buttes, 383 Nomlaki Tuff member, 349 Mount Bennett Hills, 367, 380 Navajo dune field, 144, 167 Nooksack Group, 163, 446 Mount Diablo area, 670 Navajo Mountain, 314 Noonday Dolomite, 417 Mount Goddard pendant, 144 Navajo sandstone, 140, 144, 145 norites, 524 Mount Hood, 348 Navajo volcanic field, 314 North American craton, 22, 255, 553, Mount Isa deposit, Australia, 633 Nazca plate, 589 632, 641 Mount Jefferson, 348 Neckako basin, 151 North American plate, 211, 212, 250, Mount Jura section, 143, 152 Nederland, Colorado, 639 252, 261, 321, 383, 439, 443, Mount Laird Tuff, 301 Needle Siltstone Member, 28 575, 691 Mount Lassen, 483, 503 Needles assemblage, 280 North Fork ophiolite, 433 Mount Lewis area, 306 Needles Range Group, 306 North Fork-Salmon River terrane, 90, Mount Lowe complex, 140 Neenach Volcanics, 310 434 Mount Mazama, 348 Nelson Formation, 75 North Fork terrane, 129, 133, 142, Mount Mazama/Crater Lake, 483 Neogene, 685 146, 151, 162, 433, 434, 435, Mount McLoughlin, 348 Neroly Formation, 320, 321 436, 525, 527, 663, 667 Mount Morrison pendant, 11, 131 Nestucca Formation, 268 North Horn Formation, 221 Mount Morrison sequence, 81 Nevada, 614, 641 North Park basin, 215 Mount Pinos area, 248 central, 599 North Snowy block, 521 Mount Princeton, 495 eastern, 598 Northcraft Formation, 268, 300 Mount Ranier, 301, 347 northern, 219 Northeast Bank, 350 Mount Raymond thrust, 219 northwestern, 84, 87,138, 143, 153 Northwest Territories, 632 Mount Redoubt, 506 southern, 596, 607 Nortonville Formation, 271 Mount Roberts Formation, 60, 80, 82 western, 599 Nova Scotia, Canada, 635 Mount St. Helens, 347, 482, 500, 505 Nevada batholith, 139 novaculite, 27 Mount Shasta, 348, 483 Nevada border region, 143 Novato Quarry terrane, 185

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Nugget dune field, 167 Coast Range, 149, 162, 164 Outer Santa Maria basin, 321 Nugget Formation, 140, 145, 593 Cordilleran, 653 Outerson Formation, 343 Nye-Bowler lineament, 208, 213 emplacement, 653 Overlap Assemblage, 75 Nye County, Nevada, 45 fore-arc, 668 Owens Mountain swarm, 675 Nye Mudstone, 317 formation, 156 Owens Valley area, 139, 144 genesis, 653 Owens Valley-northern Mojave Oak Ridge fault, 333, 335, 470 interarc, 668 region, 113 Obispo Formation, 330, 334 intra-arc, 437 Owens Valley-White Mountain fault Ocate volcanic field, 371 Late Middle Jurassic, 668 zone, 614, 623 oceanic islands, 111, 551 late Paleozoic, 662 Owl Creek Mountains, 584, 589 oceanic sequences, 60, 76, 82, 86 paleogeographic settings, 653 Owl Creek uplift, 214 occlusion, 572 petrotectonic settings, 653 Owlshead Mountains, 345 Ochoco basin, 241, 245, 250, 253 Tethyan, 653 Ownes Valley, 365, 375, 388 Ocotillo Conglomerate, 341 transform, 662 Owyhee Basalt, 378 Ogaliala Formation, 354, 389 ophiolitic assemblages, 494 Owyhee Mountains, 297, 303, 378 Ogden thrust fault, 594 fragments, 658 Owyhee Plateau, 379, 387 Ohanapecosh Formation, 301 Jurassic, 665 Owyhee Upland, 363, 367, 378 oil, 248, 281, 332 tectonic regimes, 655 Oxnard Plain, 333 discovery, 219 Oquirrh basin, 78, 81, 85, 425 Ozena fault, 276, 333 fields, 332, 340, 618 Oquirrh Range, 363 Ozette assemblage, 280 generation, 45 Oquirrh-Uinta axis, 425 Ozette Island, 280 migration, 45 Oquirrh-Uinta uplift, 75, 77, 78, 81, Ozette melange, 278 producer, 340 85, 131 reservoirs, 219 Orcopia schist, 196, 230, 235, 252, Pacific coast, 278 shale, 214, 223 276, 282, 460, 468 Pacific margin, 207, 241, 252, 253 Okanogan complex, 519 Ord Mountain, 154, 165 lower Tertiary strata, 243 Okanogan dome, 189, 193, 289, 518, Ordovician paleogeography, 241, 249 598 Lower, 20 paleotectonic synthesis, 249 Okanogan extended domain, 556 Middle, 22 rotated terranes, 242 Okanogan highlands, 130, 138, 151, Upper, 24 translated terranes, 242 189, 193, 242, 443, 446 Oregon, 245, 624 Upper Cretaceous strata, 243 Okanogan region, 189 borderland, 613 Pacific Northwest, 241, 242, 262, Okinawa Trough, 664 central, 71, 80, 85, 87 301, 304, 307, 314, 349, 383, Old Dad Mountains, 139, 600 Coastal southwest, 193 384, 388, 455, 458, 468, 492, Old Woman belt, 233 western, 613 502, 545, 553, 555, 573, 578, Old Woman Mountains, 235, 240, Oregon Coast, 278, 281 675, 685, 690 600, 601, 603 sedimentary embayments, 314 late Mesozoic, 443 Olds Ferry terrane, 127, 130, 138, Oregon Plateaus, 366, 377, 378, 381, tectonostratigraphic elements, 443 143, 149, 151, 158 382, 387, 389, 491 Pacific Northwest fragments, 671 Olinghouse fault zone, 622 Oregon Plateaus basin, 367 Pacific Northwest terrane, 111 olistoliths, 135, 525 ores, ankeritic, 637 Pacific Ocean Basin, 653 olistostromes, 71, 85, 134, 142, 663 Orevada rift, 367 Pacific plate, 321, 322, 341, 439, olivine, 383 Orevada View, 303 504, 653, 654 Olympic assemblage, 280 Organ Mountains, 489 packstone, 85 Olympic coast, 317 Orleans fault, 157 Pagarito tuff, 155 Olympic core, 280 Orocopia allochthon, 278 Page Mill Basalt, 349 Olympic Mountains, 242, 244, 262, Orocopia anticline, 276 Page sandstone, 155 265, 280, 281, 314, 317, 319, Orocopia-Chocolate Mountains fault, Pahrump fault zone, 623 387, 544, 688 468 Pahrump Group, 410, 413 core rocks, 278 Orocopia Mountains, 252, 275, 310 Painted Rock Sandstone Member, 332 Olympic Peninsula, 268, 270, 281, Orocopia Schist, 600 Palen Mountains, 600 300, 314, 319, 386, 387, 518 Orocopia terrane, 273 Paleocene, 228,455 Olympic-Wallowa lineament, 612, 613 orogenesis, 71, 261 Paleogene, 687 Omineca belt, 111, 112, 151, 156, Orogrande basin, 77, 81, 85 paleogeography, 183,241,249,383, 161, 167 orthogneiss, 67, 192, 233, 443, 455 551 Omineca crystalline belt, 218, 223, orthoquartzites, 42, 63, 541 paleolatitudes, 541 226, 229, 289, 450, 458, 467 Osbum fault, 591 paleomagnetic data Omineca extended belt, 555, 556, 565, Osgood Mountains, 34, 65, 76, 97, Baja California, 693 566, 573, 575, 578 426 Blue Mountains, 693 Omineca terrane, 466 Osgood Mountains Quartzite, 34 Cascades, 692 Qnate Formation, 25 Otter Point complex, 164 Coast Range, 692 Ontario Valley, 337 Otter Point Formation, 193 Cordilleran, 696 oolites, 37 Ouachita continental margin, 61, 75, Cretaceous, 688 ophicalcite, 137, 662 77, 81, 85 Jurassic, 688 ophiolites, 40, 104, 123, 136, 137, Ouachita-Marathon orogeny, 57, 94, Klamath/Sierra block, 693 149 ,1 5 0 , 156, 157,181, 433, 611 Neogene, 685 437, 468, 655 Ouachita orogeny, 548 northwest Washington, 692 circum-Pacific environment, 653 Outer Santa Cruz basin, 321 Paleogene, 687

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southern British Columbia, 692 Pelona-Orocopia terrane, 159 Pine Hill pluton, 527 southern California, 693 Pemberton belt, 301 Pine Mountain fault, 334 tectonic significance, 683 Pend d’Oreille Group, 42, 419 Pine Nut fault system, 113, 153,166, Triassic, 688 peneplain, 355 449, 614, 675 paleo-Pacific Ocean, 82, 83, 90, 92, Peninsular Ranges, 176, 198, 243, Pine Valley Mountains, 306 96, 551 248, 253, 262, 265, 273, 277, Pinkham thrust, 591 paleopoles, 283 281, 321, 334, 339, 341, 467, Pinnacles area, 310 paleorivers, 214 469 Piiion Range, 34, 291, 599 paleovalleys, 140, 357, 489 northern, 142 Pinto Mountain fault, 622 paleowander path, 551 western margin, 341 Pinyon Peak Limestone, 28 Paleozoic, 552, 652 Peninsular Ranges batholith, 36, 128, Pioche deposit, 645 early, 658 135, 161, 194, 198, 239, 240, Pioneer Batholith, 172, 213, 218, 238 late, 57, 425, 430,431, 659, 662, 249, 253, 483, 532, 555, 665 Pioneer Mountains, 29, 35, 290, 297, 664 Peninsular Ranges terrane, 111, 189, 555 middle, 422 198,469,470, 531, 691 Pioneer window, 35 upper, 60, 551 Penman Formation, 343 Pisgah Crater, 375 palladium, 632 Penn Mine, 637 Pismo basin, 327, 332, 334 Palliser Formation, 27 Pennsylvanian, 77, 97 Pismo Formation, 330 Palm Spring Formation, 341 Penon Blanco Formation, 142, 146, Pit Formation, 84, 90, 127, 131, 138, Palmetto Formation, 34 637, 667 433 Palos Verdes Hills, 340, 345 Penon Blanco sequence, 142 Pit River stock, 86, 430, 637 Palos Verdes Peninsula, 198 Pequop Formation, 28 Pittsburg Bluff Formation, 270 Pamlico thrust system, 599 peridotite, 90, 419, 518, 526, 527, Piute Mountain, 600 Panamint anticlinoria, 154 667 Piute positive, 77, 81 Panamint Mountains, 364, 365, 375, Permian, 97,129 Piute uplift, 85 464, 523 , 563 Early, 81 plagioclase, 42, 70, 140, 183, 654 Panamint Valley, 365 Late, 85 plagiogranite, 38, 70, 419 Panamint Valley-Hunter Mountain Permo-Triassic, 87, 92, 97 planetary impacts, 491 fault zone, 623 Perry Canyon, 17 plates Panco Rico Formation, 322 Peruvian Andes, 502 edge, 108,128,132,141,146,157 Pantano basin, 286, 293 Petrified Springs-Bettles Well fault, interior, 131,140,145,155,166 Papuan ophiolite belt, 655 623 lithospheric movement, 167 Paradise Valley Chert, 63 petrofacies, 541, 546, 548 motion, 551 Paradox basin, 77, 81 petrogenesis, 665 tectonic regimes, 515, 532 paragneisses, 522 petroleum, 45, 207, 332 platinum deposits, 629, 632 Paris thrust, 172, 593 potential, 45 Platoro caldera complex, 498 Paris-Willard thrust system, 167, 593, production, 366 Platyclymenia, 34 601 petrology, 179,181,184 Plomosa Mountains, 600 Park City, Utah, 301, 306, 635, 645 phenocryst, 40, 139, 144, 500, 654 Plumas County, California, 45 Parkfield earthquake, 618 Phi Kappa Formation, 34, 35 Plush Ranch Formation, 276, 310 Park-Sierra Madre uplift, 215 Philippine Sea, 654 plutonism, 63, 74, 111, 130, 134, Parting Formation, 27 phlogopite, 383 136, 141, 147, 151, 153, 167, Pasayten fault, 121, 122, 189, 193, phonolite, 297, 375, 383 174, 179, 188, 205, 207, 217, 242, 444 phosphate, 85, 366 221, 225, 233, 238, 305, 431, Paskenta area, 669 Phosphoria basin, 131 433, 443, 448, 453, 466, 471, Paskenta fault, 613 phosphorite, 131, 334 495, 502, 523, 528, 555, 575, Paso Robles Formation, 322, 332 phyllite, 16, 17, 42, 76, 134, 278, 629, 632, 636, 637, 642 passive margin, 415, 417, 470, 471, 446, 524, 526, 527, 531 plutons, 22, 42, 86, 96, 113, 129, 544, 553, 632, 634 physiography, 1, 3 S3 131, 135, 139, 149, 159, 173, Pathfinder uplift, 77 Piceance basin, 214 176, 181, 192, 194, 196, 198, Patsy Mine Volcanics, 310, 345 Pickett Peak terrane, 123, 150, 156, 212, 217, 221, 226, 233, 234, Pavant Range thrust plate, 596 157, 163, 164, 443, 676 237, 238, 242, 283, 289, 293, Pavits Spring, 362 Pico Formation, 334, 337 310, 343, 345, 420, 428, 434, Payne Cliffs Formation, 246 Picture Gorge Basalt, 378 436, 439, 441, 443, 447, 449, Peach Springs Tuff, 310, 353 Pigeon Point basin, 247 455, 461, 466, 469, 482, 484, Peale chert, 665 Pike Creek Formation, 303 498, 518, 523, 524, 526, 601, Peale Formation, 38, 70, 74, 76, 80, Pilot Knob Valley, 16, 35 612, 622, 623, 634, 637, 639, 84, 86, 94 Pilot Mountains fault, 623 641 pebbles, 140 Pilot Range Mountains, 222, 598, Poanga Group, 334 Pecos greenstone belt, New Mexico, 602 Pocatello area, 21 632 Pilot Shale basin, 26, 27, 28, 34, 45, Pocatello Formation, 17 Pedemal uplift, 75, 77, 81 62, 66, 74, 94 Pogonip Group, 36 Pedregosa, 61 Pinacate field, 372 Point Arena, 325 Pedregosa basin, 75, 77, 81, 85 Pinaleno extended domain, 555 Point Arena basin, 321, 325 pegmatite, 192, 233, 239, 629, 632 Pinaleno Mountains, 309 Point Arena Formation, 325 pelite, 136 Pine Creek pendant, 11 Point Delgada subterrane, 281 Pelona Schist, 196, 235, 265, 276, Pine Forest Range, 139 Point Lobos deposits, 248 282, 460 Pine Hill complex, 152 Point of Arches, 278

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Point of Rocks Sandstone, 252, 272, pumpellyite, 529 Receptaculites, 22 273 Pumpernickel sequence, 635 recrystallization, 65, 173, 280, 464, Point Reyes basin, 248 Puna-Altiplano region, 205 515, 519, 531 Point Reyes fault, 619 Purcell anticlinorium, 591 Red Ant terrane, 129,134 Point Reyes Peninsula, 325 Purcell Supergroup, 19, 410 Red Bluff Formation, 320 Point Sal, 149, 671 Purcell Trench, 289, 462, 632, 681 Red Draw Member, 131 Point Sal Formation, 327, 330 Purisimo Formation, 325 Red Mill, 37 Point San Pedro basin, 248 Pyramid Lake fault, 622 Red Mountain fault, 335 Poison Canyon, 37 pyrite Red Pine Shale, 414 Poison Canyon Formation, 216 deposits, 646 Red River Dolostone, 25 polar wander, 132, 440, 551, 685 ores, 635, 636, 646 Red Spring thrust, 172, 596 Ponoma Member, 378 pyroclastics, 268, 373 redbeds, 144, 192, 199, 276, 322, porcelanite, 322, 325, 327, 330 Pysht Formation, 270 332, 548 porphyroblasts, 236 Redding area, 40, 45, 70, 71, 84, 524 porphyry, 198, 297 Quail Canyon Sandstone Member, 332 Redding assemblage, 39 Portland area, 349 quartz, 17, 40, 42, 139, 419, 634 Redwall Limestone, 28 Portland basin, 319 quartz arenite, 28, 132, 143, 144, 154, Reed Canyon Siltstone Member, 274 Portneuf Range, 594 663 Reed Dolostone, 19 post-Needles Range volcanic field, quartz diorite, 41, 143, 179, 199, 238, Reeds Creek Andesite, 303 306 419 Reeve Formation, 80, 84, 86, 90 potassium feldspar, 42, 183, 246 quartz monzonite, 180, 193 Reliz fault, 619 Potem Formation, 151 quartz sand, 24, 26, 34, 63 Reno-Pyramid Lake area, 306 Potlatch basin, 27 quartzites, 11, 16, 17, 27, 31, 34, 35, Renton Formation, 268, 270 Poway assemblage, 283 42, 45, 136, 144, 160, 413, 419, Repetto Formation, 334 Poway clasts, 249 523, 526, 547, 585, 594 Republic graben, 289, 598 Poway Group, 278 quartzose, 85, 135, 175, 543, 545 restoration, 113,118, 123, 359 Powder River basin, 214 quartzwacke, 42 Revett Formation, 633 Prater Creek Tuff, 381 Quatal Formation, 332 Rhododendron Formation, 343 Preachers Formation, 144 Quaternary, 346,363,378, 388, 643 rhyodacite, 38, 296, 297, 300, 304, Preble Formation, 34 Quesnel terrane, 82, 111, 120, 127, 345, 348, 373, 527, 543 Precambrian, 9, 407, 609 138, 143, 149, 151, 655 rhyolite, 40, 295, 297, 299, 303, 306, Prescott, Arizona, 632 Quesnellia terrane, 193, 443, 519 309, 343, 350, 364, 369, 372, Prescott-Jerome area, 309 Questa caldera, 495 373, 375, 377, 378, 380, 381, Prescott-Verdo Valley region, 372 Questa deposit, 642 382, 489, 500, 521, 645 Preston Peak area, 152, 669 Quibobaquito thrust, 232 flows, 40, 489 Preuss Formation, 156 Quichipa Group, 306 Ricardo basin, 362 Price River Formation, 221 Quien Sabe Volcanics, 350 Ricardo Formation, 345, 362, 364 Priest River area, 410, 462 Quillayute Formation, 317 Richfield oil field, 340 Priest River Complex, 229, 290, 598 Quimper Peninsula, 270 Ridge Basin, 333, 335 Priest River dome, 518 Quimper Sandstone, 270 Ridge Basin Group, 335, 337 Prospect Mountain Quartzite, 34 Quinault Formation, 317 Ridge Formation, 192, 193 Prospect thrust, 592, 593, 601 Quinn River, 66 Riedel shears, 624 Prospect thrust fault, 219 Quinn River Crossing, 84, 87, 90, 431 rift bulge, 20 Proterozoic, 651, 652 Quinn River Mountains, 432 rifting, 19, 20, 29, 46, 57, 60, 63, 72, early, 632, 633 76, 85, 92, 93, 108, 140, 149, late, 16,415,417,632,633 Raft River area, 557 175, 341, 412, 414, 419, 435, middle, 407,414, 629, 632 Raft River basin, 364 437, 439, 447, 470, 516, 523, proto-Garlock fault, 252 Raft River Mountains, 222, 291, 454, 542, 548, 553, 614, 633, 668 proto-Pacific basin, 164 607 late Paleozoic, 659, 664 proto-San Andreas fault, 281, 615 Railroad Valley, 366 late Proterozoic, 415 proto-Willamette River sequence, 319 Rajasthan deposit, India, 633 Rimrock Lake, 162 proto-Yukon-Tanan terrane, 664 Rampart Range fault, 215 Rimrock ophiolite, 437 protoliths, 11, 38, 41, 123, 185, 191, Rand Schist, 196, 236, 282, 460, 469 Rincon anticline, 335 236, 522, 529 Randsburg district, California, 643 Rincon Mountains, 231, 239, 293 Provecdora Quartzite, 19 Raton basin, 215, 216 Rincon Shale, 330, 334 Pueblo Mountains, 367 Raton Formation, 216 Rinconada fault, 242, 243, 272, 619 Puente Formation, 340 Raton volcanic field, 371 Ringbone Formation, 217 Puente Hills, 339, 340 Rattlesnake Ash-flow Tuff, 381 Rio Dell Formation, 320 Puget basin, 253 Rattlesnake Creek-Marble Mountains Rio Grande, 307, 358 Puget fault, 289 terrane, 434, 435 Rio Grande-Mojave region, 359, 369 Puget Group, 244, 267, 268, 299 Rattlesnake Creek terrane, 133, 136, Rio Grande rift, 215, 294, 311, 357, Puget Lowland area, 251, 314, 319, 141, 142, 147, 149, 151, 152, 369, 371, 388, 389, 390, 487, 347, 387, 388 157, 159, 440, 525, 667, 669, 489, 494, 502, 504, 515, 549, Puget Lowland-Willamette Valley, 672, 673 555, 573, 574 265, 319 Rattlesnake Hills, 297 southern, 359 Puget-Naches basin, 458 Rattlesnake Mountain, 210, 585 Rio Grande uplift, 217 Puget Sound area, 243, 270, 385, 612 Ravalli Group, 229 Rio Grande Valley, 384 pumice, 140, 144, 348, 379 reactivation, structural, 652 Ritter Range, 131, 139, 144, 180

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Rivera plate, 385, 616 metaigneous, 89 volcaniclastic, 39, 84, 90, 131, Rivera triple junction, 321 metamorphic, 60, 91, 108, 113, 137, 138, 139, 151, 159, 192, Riverside Mountains, 600 132, 137, 155, 173, 174, 183, 265, 343, 433, 668 Roaring Creek terrane, 41 223, 234, 246, 247, 288, 290, volcanogenic, 41, 84, 86, 446 Roberts-Anarchist Group, 430 291, 324, 410, 414, 466, 469, wall, 324, 481 Roberts Mountains, 24, 29 518, 525, 531, 598, 665 Whiterockian, 22 northern, 34 metaplutonic, 133 Rocks Sandstone, 273 Roberts Mountains allochthon, 11, metasedimentary, 35, 36, 70, 74, Rocky Mountain fold and thrust belt, 14, 15, 24, 28, 42, 43, 45, 57, 82, 89, 136, 180, 185, 196, 199, 169, 519 59, 61, 75, 76, 78, 80, 92, 93, 213, 292, 435, 443, 460, 521, Rocky Mountain foreland, 207, 583, 96, 111, 422, 423, 547, 634, 527 601 635, 658, 659, 663 metavolcanic, 35, 134, 136, 139, basement uplifts, 584, 601 stratigraphy, 30, 33, 62 145, 431, 435, 521, 637, 671 boundaries, 208 structure, 29, 64 Mohawkian, 22 Colorado, 215 Roberts Mountains Formation, 34 mylonitic, 225 Colorado Plateau, 216 Roberts Mountains thrust, 15, 29, 61, native, 108 magmatic activity, 217 62, 65, 78, 419, 422, 522 oceanic, 38, 42, 60, 92, 132 New Mexico, 215 Roche Harbor terrane, 71, 77 ophiolitic, 192, 194, 676 regional geology, 212 Rochester district, Nevada, 639, 642 Ordovician, 20, 22, 24 southeastern Arizona, 217 Rock Valley fault, 624 plutonic, 86, 113, 132, 137, 140, southwestern Montana, 212 rocks 144, 147, 149, 151, 154, 155, southwestern New Mexico, 217 accreted terranes, 36 162, 170, 173, 176, 179, 181, structure, 208 allochthonous, 11, 28 196, 213, 218,232, 288, 291, subprovinces, 584 Antler orogen, 28, 34 430, 444, 447, 469, 527, 530, tectonics, 208 basement, 16, 66, 70, 77, 128, 130, 671 Wyoming, 213 131, 151, 173, 262, 292, 294, Proterozoic, 16 Rocky Mountain thrust belt, 218 337, 364, 410, 486, 521, 523, pyroclastic, 38, 40, 41, 90, 142, Rocky Mountain trench, 289, 591 530, 620, 629, 667 152, 159, 180, 667 Northern, 692 Cambrian, 16, 20 Roberts Mountains allochthon, 28 Rocky Mountain trench offset, 120 carbonate, 16, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, sedimentary, 11, 16, 30, 37, 39, 41, Rocky Mountains, 238, 284, 290, 46, 75, 87, 111, 128, 413, 415, 57, 60, 63, 65, 71, 74, 76, 78, 350, 351, 486, 502, 504, 532, 428, 634, 637 82, 86, 88, 90, 92, 108, 128, 548, 551, 555, 611, 645 Cincinnatian, 24 138, 140, 143, 155, 158, 163, ancestral, 57, 77, 81, 94, 127, 130, clastic, 27, 39, 62, 67, 75, 76, 80, 165, 170, 179, 181, 183, 192, 132, 212, 4 2 5 ,5 4 8 , 585, 601 82, 84, 129, 234, 414, 415, 417, 199, 215, 217, 219, 225, 230, Canadian, 466 426, 428, 449 232, 243, 246, 278, 281, 283, Colorado, 584 continental shelf, 9, 15, 26 286, 290, 292, 295, 300, 310, middle, 283, 286, 289, 312, 354, country, 193, 194, 519, 521, 529 325, 330, 332, 343, 345, 349, 383, 385 cratonic platform, 9, 25 360, 362, 364, 367, 376, 387, modem, 57 crystalline, 16, 45, 63, 75, 170, 410, 412, 414, 419, 423, 425, New Mexico, 584 178, 181, 192, 193, 207, 214, 428, 431, 434, 444, 449, 451, northern, 25, 284, 285, 288, 289, 217, 225, 232, 244, 276, 292, 458, 460, 468, 470, 518, 527, 354, 355, 366, 368, 377, 382, 293, 332, 357, 362, 413, 442, 598, 600, 612, 632, 645 385, 389, 503 460, 464, 470, 569, 612 siliceous, 28, 31, 38 southern, 283, 286, 288, 294, 307, Devonian, 25, 26, 27,36 silicic, 70, 499 312, 354, 357, 369, 383, 384, eugeosynclinal, 16 siliciclastic, 31, 37, 39, 139 385, 386, 486, 487, 489 509, Famennian, 2 6 ,2 7 Silurian, 25 642, 643 felsic, 151 source, 45 Rocky Mountains Basin and Range, Frasnian, 26 supracrustal, 16, 651 555, 573, 575, 577 Givetian, 25 ultramafic, 29, 30, 37, 40, 43, 70, Rodman Mountains, 154, 165 granitic, 42, 276, 426, 484, 614 179, 181, 236, 446, 613, 653, Rogers Creek-Healdsburg fault, 619 host, 140 671, 676 Rogue arc, 157, 159, 453, 672, 673 hypabyssal, 144, 152 volcanic, 16, 30, 37, 39, 41, 43, Rogue-Chetco arc, 437, 438, 440 igneous, 32, 40, 91, 108, 127, 131, 46, 59, 63, 65, 70, 75, 80, 82, Rogue Formation, 159, 525, 672 165, 198, 218, 235, 239, 267, 84, 86, 90, 92, 111, 130, 132, Rogue volcanism, 159 268, 283, 290, 297, 300, 310, 134, 137, 139, 142, 144, 147, roof pendants, 11, 35, 65, 96, 113, 311, 330, 343, 345, 384, 410, 151, 158, 165, 179, 189, 192, 135, 180, 198, 430, 495, 526 415, 436, 441, 460, 481, 482, 196, 198, 205, 218, 223, 238, Roosevelt Hot Springs, 376, 506 500, 502, 510, 598, 600, 614, 242, 246, 265, 276, 280, 284, Roosevelt Hot Springs intrusive 632, 635, 638 286, 289, 292, 294, 296, 299, complex, 506 intrusive, 301 301, 306, 310, 321, 330, 334, Rosario thrust zone, 446 Llandoverian, 25 339, 341, 343, 345, 350, 353, Rose Canyon fault, 341, 621 mafic, 46, 59, 70, 82, 91, 295, 369, 362, 365, 367, 415, 419, 426, Rose Creek, upper, 38 419, 653 428, 430, 432, 436, 441, 444, Roseburg volcanics, 455 magmatic, 614 454, 458, 472, 481, 486, 490, Ross Lake fault, 120, 189, 193, 242, marine, 35, 60, 128 499, 518, 530, 573, 614, 620, 445, 455, 458, 518, 612 metabasaltic, 198 632, 634, 636, 639, 643, 645, Ross Lake region, 121, 162 metaclastic, 134 654, 665 Rossland Group, 142, 143

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rotation, 16, 21, 118, 178, 212, 242, Salton Sea, 341 San Juan uplift, 216 252, 265, 273, 276, 284, 291, Salton Trough, 196, 321,341,373, San Juan volcanic field, 294, 481, 319, 330, 332, 342, 358, 360, 515, 549, 574, 618, 621 486, 487, 489, 491, 495, 498, 363, 367, 385, 388, 460, 490, Salton Trough province, 243, 253 500, 508, 509, 510 557, 562, 576, 579, 589, 593, Samaria Mountains, 221, 222 San Juan-West Cascades complex, 123 611, 620, 622, 685, 690, 692, San Andreas fault system, 3, 4, 112, San Lorenzo Formation, 273, 324 693 140, 194, 236, 243, 253, 272, San Lucia terrane, 273 Rowe-Mora basin, 77 274, 276, 281, 310, 319, 321, San Luis basin, 215, 216 Ruby Mountains, 167, 222, 291, 362, 325, 330, 341, 346, 349, 361, San Luis Obispo fault, 330, 386 451, 467, 521, 599 384, 386, 388, 454, 462, 468, San Luis uplift, 215 Ruby Mountains complex, 598 470, 530, 533, 545, 546, 549, San Manuel basin, 286, 293 Ruby Mountains domain, 555, 567, 574, 615, 616, 643 San Manuel Formation, 293 570 San Andreas scarp, 618 San Miguel Island, 198, 199, 248, 277 Ruidosa-Carrizozo area, 311 San Andreas transform system, 261 San Onofre Breccia, 339, 341 Russell fault, 272, 276, 321, 332 tectonics, 321 San Pedro Formation, 340 Ryukyu arc, 664 San Benito basin, 321 San Rafael Group, 144, 154 San Bernardino field, 371 San Rafael Mountains, 274, 332 Sacate Formation, 276 San Bernardino Mountains, 333, 375, San Rafael Swell, 216, 383, 389, 588, Sacramento basin, 247, 252, 270, 428, 441, 470, 530 589, 594 2 7 1 ,3 2 0 , 387, 388 San Bemardino-Victorville region, 97 San Simeon terrane, 281 Sacramento Mountains, 235, 524 San Carlos volcanic field, 372 sand, 24, 145, 156, 183, 265, 175, Sacramento River, 320 San Cayetano fault, 335 278, 319, 320, 340, 541, 665 Sacramento River Delta, 320 San Diego area, 249, 278, 341 dunes, 341 Sacramento Valley, 180, 181, 183, San Diego Formation, 341 lime, 19 320, 350, 389, 526 San Emigdio Mountains, 113, 252, Sand Wash basin, 214 Saddle Mountains Basalt, 378 274, 333, 469 Sand Wash subbasin, 214 Saddlebag Lake pendant, 11, 89, 125, San Fernando Valley, 333, 337 Sandia Mountains, 294 131, 139, 144 San Francisco Bay region, 247, 619 sandstone, 11, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, Saddlebag-Ritter Range section, 153 San Francisco earthquake, 616 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 45, 62, sag ponds, 622 San Francisco Mountain, 372 70, 75, 81, 84, 87, 90, 131, 135, Sailor Canyon Formation, 143, 152 San Francisco Peninsula, 349 138, 140, 143, 160, 162, 172, St. Charles Formation, 21, 32 San Francisco volcanic field, 372, 489 180, 183, 185, 189, 192, 196, St. George zone, 376 San Gabriel anorthosite, 633 215, 219, 226, 247, 267, 270, St. Joe fault, 591 San Gabriel fault, 243, 276, 321, 325, 277, 280, 295, 314, 316, 319, St. Joe River area, 379 335, 337, 386, 618, 620 322, 324, 327, 334, 340, 384, St. Mary’s fault, 591 San Gabriel Mountains, 140, 196, 414, 426, 543, 545, 596, 672 St. Peter Sandstone, 24 333, 334, 346, 620 Sandy River Mudstone, 319 St. Regis Formation, 633 San Gabriel section, 530 Sangre de Cristo Mountains, 286, 294, Salero Formation, 217 San Gabriel terrane, 469 358 salients, 417, 459, 589, 593 San Gabriel Valley, 333, 469 Sangre de Cristo uplift, 215, 216 Salinas basin, 321, 322 San Gorgonio Pass area, 341 sanidine, 140, 383 Salinas River, 322 San Gregorio fault, 243, 272 Sanpoil Volcanics, 218, 295 Saline Valley, 365 San Gregorio-Hosgri fault, 324, 325 Santa Ana Mountains, 198, 248, 277 Salinia, 135 San Icolas Island, 278 Santa Barbara basin, 335 Salinian block, 176, 243, 246, 251, San Jacinto fault zone, 243, 273, 342, Santa Barbara Channel, 243, 275, 332, 265, 270, 271, 273, 281, 327, 620, 621 333, 335, 620 383, 384, 386, 469, 615, 619 San Jacinto Mountains, 199 Santa Barbara Channel Islands, 149, Salinian salient, 533 San Joaquin basin, 247, 253, 270, 159, 658 Salinian terrane, 189, 194, 247, 252, 271, 325, 386, 616 Santa Barbara Formation, 334, 335 281 San Joaquin Hills, 339, 341 Santa Catalina Mountains, 231, 232, salinity, 214, 366 San Joaquin River, 353 239 Salmo, Nevada, 633 San Joaquin segment, 271 Santa Clara Valley, 333, 335 Salmo deposit, 645 San Joaquin Valley, 180, 183, 188, Santa Cruz basin, 321, 323 Salmon Formation, 40 273, 310, 321, 353, 389, 618 Santa Cruz Island, 197, 248, 277, 671 Salmon River arch, 15, 21, 24, 34, 63, San Juan basin, 215, 216 Santa Cruz Island fault, 620 178, 417, 419 San Juan Bautista basin, 248 Santa Cruz Island greenschist, 199 ancient, 451 San Juan calderas, 369, 489 Santa Cruz Island Volcanics, 334 Salmon River assemblage, 42, 45, 422 San Juan-Chimeneas fault zone, 619 Santa Cruz Mountains, 273, 277, 310, Salmon River suture, 430, 448 San Juan fault, 332, 612 323, 324 Salmon River terrane, 90, 91, 134, San Juan Islands, 77, 121, 123, 161, Santa Cruz Mudstone, 324, 325 434 162, 163, 189, 262, 419, 420, Santa Fe deposits, 358 Salmon River thrust, 435 423, 446, 454, 455, 471, 671 Santa Fe Group, 358 Salmon schists, 468 San Juan Islands terrane, 41 Santa Lucia allochthon, 469 salt, 596 San Juan Mountains, 286, 294, 308, Santa Lucia Bank fault, 619 “Salt Lake Crossroads,” 652 309, 355, 369, 481, 495, 643 Santa Lucia basin, 273 Salt Lake Formation, 364 San Juan-Northwest Cascades thrust northern, 247 Salton basin, 341, 390 system, 189, 443, 445 Santa Lucia-Orocopia allochthon, Salton Buttes spreading center, 341 San Juan-Puget fault system, 267 278, 281, 282

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Santa Lucia Range, 273,322 sedimentary prisms, 108 Shoo Fly Complex, 36, 66, 67, 71, Santa Margarita Sandstone, 324, 325, sedimentary suites, 540 84, 94, 96, 158, 420, 435, 658, 327, 332, 334 sedimentation rates, 270 663, 665 Santa Maria basin, 253, 276, 321, 327 sedimentation, 9, 15, 20, 22, 24, 29, Shoo Fly terrane, 526 Santa Maria Valley syncline, 332 46, 57, 61, 66, 74, 127, 129, shortening, 74, 585, 590, 593, 596, Santa Monica basin, 321 131, 135, 140, 141, 157, 159, 600, 601 Santa Monica fault system, 620 164, 166, 205, 207, 214, 217, crustal, 21, 555, 556 Santa Monica Formation, 159 230, 250, 284, 286, 292, 314, foreland, 119 Santa Monica Mountains, 199, 248, 323, 327, 366, 410, 415, 417, Shoshone Range, 32, 33, 34, 63, 86, 276, 248, 321, 333, 334, 337, 420, 425, 437, 545, 633, 662 306 339, 340, 345, 346, 386 sedimentology, 181 shoshonites, 295 Santa Monica slate, 165, 199 seismicity, 3, 346, 348, 349, 361, Shuksan Greenschist, 191 Santa Rita, New Mexico, 635 363, 365, 368 Shuksan Metamorphic Suite, 123, 150, Santa Rita Mountains, 144, 145 Selkirk Fan, 598 156, 163, 191, 446, 676 Santa Rita syncline, 332 semischist, 280 Shuksan terrane, 192 Santa Rosa Island, 198, 248 Sentinel Plain-Arlington volcanic Shuswap Complex, 120, 422, 598 Santa Rosa Mountains, 36 field, 372 Shuswap terrane, 289 Santa Rosa mylonite zone, 199, 249 Sequoia Park area, 135 Shwin Formation, 29, 31, 33, 34 Santa Susana fault, 335 serpentinite, 30, 71, 134, 160, 183, Shylock fault, 609 Santa Susana Formation, 276 246, 419, 518, 519, 637, 662, sialic segment, 127, 139,144 Santa Susana Mountains, 333, 334 664, 668, 675 Sidewinder Mountain, 154 Santa Teresa Mountains, 293 melange, 658, 668 Sidewinder Volcanic series, 154, 165 Santa Ynez basin, 248, 275, 277 Sespe Formation, 275, 276, 278, 334, Siebert Tuff, 362 Santa Ynez fault, 243 339 Sierra arc, 440 Santa Ynez Range, 248, 275, 276, Seven Devils arc, 87, 90, 91 magmatism, 262 327, 333 Seven Devils terrane, 97, 226 Sierra basin, 439 Santa Ynez River fault, 327, 330, 620 Seven Devils-Wallowa terrane, 519, Sierra batholithic belt, 134, 169, 176, Santiago Peak sequence, 160 636 188, 494, 665 Santiago Peak Volcanics, 198 Sevier allochthon, 25, 26 origin, 180 Sapphire block, 290 Sevier belt, 21, 166, 167, 169, 170, Sierra Blanca, 232, 233 Sapphire thrust system, 229 173, 312, 44 9 ,4 5 1 Sierra Blanca basin, 216 Sappinton Member, 28 hinterland, 449 Sierra Blanca Limestone, 275 Sardine Formation, 343 Sevier deformation, 466 Sierran block, 353, 365, 375 Saturday Mountain, 42 Sevier Desert detachment, 363, 577 northern, 353 Saturday Mountain Formation, 35, 42 Sevier Desert domain, 555 Sierra Buttes, 38 Saugus Formation, 334, 337 Sevier Desert fault, 3 Sierra Buttes Formation, 38, 70, 420, Sawatch Range, 358, 495 Sevier Desert region, 363, 376 426 Sawatch uplift, 215 Sevier event, 548 Sierra Buttes volcanic arc, 39 Sawmill Canyon, 164 Sevier orogenic belt, 283, 291, 592 Sierra Buttes volcanic sequence, 37 Sawmill Canyon discontinuity, 144 Sevier orogeny, 207, 208, 548, 551, Sierra caldera, 483 Sawmill Canyon fault, 615 583 Sierra Central belt, western, 662 Sawtooth Range, 590 Sevier thrust belt, 113, 384, 385 Sierra City melange, 37, 66, 420 Sawyers Bar area, 134 Sevier thrust system, 15, 167 Sierra de Salinas, 135, 236 Scales Pluton, 437 Sevy Dolostone, 26 Sierra de Salinas schist, 142, 469 Scarface thrust, 213 Sewart Peninsula, 74 Sierra Fiddle Creek complex, 667 scarps, 337, 367 Shadow Mountains, 154 Sierra forearc, 142 Schell Creek Range, 291, 563 shales, 11, 16, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37, Sierra Foothills, 128, 134, 137, 153, schist, 16, 36, 40, 84, 91, 133, 134, 39, 45, 60, 63, 66, 70, 75, 90, 165, 179, 306, 502, 636 135, 142, 152, 192, 198, 232, 173, 248, 276, 288, 317, 320, belt, 113, 663, 664 236, 443, 445, 460, 522, 524, 322, 325, 327, 330, 334, 340, southern, 157, 158 531, 592, 675 413, 426, 531, 541, 544, 594, western, 158, 664, 675 Schoonover Formation, 426 596, 635 Sierra front, 305, 375 Scotia Bluffs Sandstone, 320 black, 42 Sierra Grande uplift, 77 Scotts Mills Formation, 270 metalliferous, 43 Sierra inset, 154 Scow Bay Formation, 267 Shasta-Bally pluton, 40 Sierra-Klamath arc, 420, 422, 423, sea-floor spreading, 46, 149, 150, Shasta County, California, 45 426, 430, 431, 440 341, 419, 437, 439, 533, 543, Shedroof Conglomerate, 16 Sierra-Klamath basin system, 667 654, 673 Sheep Creek deposit, Montana, 632 Sierra-Klamath belt, 132, 141, 146, sea level Sheep Mountain anticline, 588 147, 148, 149, 156, 157, 160 fall, 20, 21, 132 Sheep Pass Formation, 223, 283, 288, Central, 658, 665, 673, 675 rise, 20 291 western, 108, 111, 129, 136, 141 seamounts, 111, 134, 252, 262, 265, Sheep Range domain, 555 Sierra-Klamath forearc, 141, 668 419, 433, 458 Sheeprock Group, 17 Sierra-Klamath region, deformation, chains, 242, 655, 664 Sheeprock thrust, 221 439 Seattle area, 270 Sherman Mine, 632 Sierra-Klamath suture, 433, 435 seaway, epeiric, 173 Shikoku interarc basin system, 667 Sierra-Klamath terrane, 435 sediment loading, 26 Shinarump conglomerate, 140 Sierra Madre, 276, 307, 333 sedimentary assemblages, 539 Shirley basin, 214 Sierra Madre basin, 248, 274

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Sierra Madre Mountains, 521 siltstone, 16, 17, 24, 26, 28, 31, 34, Smartville inset, 158 Sierra Madre Occidental, 283, 307, 37, 39, 42, 45, 46, 75, 81, 85, Smartville ophiolite, 181, 439, 527 384, 491 87, 90, 131, 139, 161, 192, 197, smokers, 43, 45 Sierra Madre-Rio Grande region, 309 223, 226, 265, 267, 268, 277, Smuggler Cove Formation, 270, 316 Sierra Nevada, 11, 20, 108, 113, 134, 278, 280, 314, 325, 330, 663 Snake decollement, 563 13 9,17 9, 242, 247, 254, 262, Silurian, Lower, 25 Snake Range area, 167, 291, 451, 557, 271, 288, 306, 320, 333, 353, silver, 43, 632, 643 560, 563, 565 364, 375, 383, 436, 439, 443, deposits, 633, 634, 635, 639, 640, southern, 222 447, 469, 481, 526, 531, 571, 641, 642, 646 Snake Range detachment, 562 583, 614, 662, 665, 668, 693 sulfides, 634 Snake Range domain, 555, 560, 564, ancestral, 270 veins, 508 567, 570 batholith, 37, 112, 113, 147 Silver Bell-Bisbee shear zone, 164 Snake River Canyon, 381 central, 38, 70, 113, 243, 306, 353, Silver Dyke deposit, Montana, 641 Snake River drainage, 353 435, 439, 498, 502 Silver Pass Volcanic Member, 295 Snake River fault zone, 16, 21, 26, 27 east-central, 125, 132, 161, 614 Silver Peak center, 375 Snake River Group, 367, 381 eastern, 80, 81, 89, 131, 153, 422, Silver Peak Range, 306, 343 Snake River Plain, 16, 226, 297, 353, 430, 441, 448, 508 Silverado Formation, 277 362, 367, 369, 378,, 381, 472, northern, 36, 42, 60, 66, 71, 72, Silverton, Colorado, 642, 643 491, 500, 506, 509, 611 74, 76, 84, 86, 90, 92, 94, 96, Simcoe basaltic field, 379 eastern, 379, 388, 389, 390, 487 97, 127, 1 3 8 ,143 , 160, 303, Simcoe systems, 379 Snake River Plain-Yellowstone 343, 419, 420, 423, 430, 432, Simi Conglomerate, 276 magmatic system, 487, 491 437, 448, 450, 494, 668, 675 Simi Hills, 199, 248, 276, 333, 337 Snake River region, 353 northwestern, 420, 436 Similkameen batholith, 151 Sneffels horst, 15 southern, 35, 132, 135, 144, 148, Simmler Formation, 276, 322, 332 Snider Basin, 601 164, 252, 282, 622, 665, 686 Sinalaya fault, 609, 611 Snoqualmie batholith, 301, 343 western, 57, 113, 128, 137, 146, Siphonodella praesulcata zone, 27 Snow Camp Mountain Complex, 437, 152, 420, 436, 637, 658, 662, Siskiyou deformation zone, 148, 668 671 665, 676 Siskiyou Event, 147,148 Snow Lake fault, 430 Sierra Nevada arc, 247 Siskiyou highlands, 673 Snowbird deposit, 641 Sierra Nevada batholith, 108, 169, Siskiyou orogeny, 668 Snowcrest trough, 585 175, 176, 199, 238, 240, 241, Siskiyou thrust, 147, 525 Snowshoe Formation, 148 243, 430, 442, 443, 447, 449, Siskiyou thrust fault, 435 Socorro, New Mexico, 358, 505, 573 483, 484, 495, 508, 527, 532, Siskiyou zone, 146 Soda Lake Shale Member, 332 555, 634, 637 Sisquoc Formation, 330, 334 Soda Mountains, 139 age, 179 Sissel Gulch Graywacke, 40, 72 Soledad basin, 276 composition, 179 Sixtymile Formation, 414 Sonoma, 433 deformation, 180 Skagit Crystalline Core, 518 Sonoma arc complex, 431 petrology, 179 Skagit Gneiss, 244 Sonoma belt, 111, 113, 125, 131, volcanism, 180 Skagit metamorphic terrane, 189, 192, 139, 175 wallrocks, 178 443, 445 Sonoma highlands, 547 Sierra Nevada belt, 80 Skeena arch, 151 Sonoma orogeny, 87, 92, 108, 112, Sierra Nevada block, 690 Skolithos, 11 125, 129, 131, 138, 140, 426, Sierra Nevada foothills region, 91 Skookum Gulch, 419 431, 544, 545, 645, 655, 664 Sierra Nevada terrane, northern, 36, Skookum Gulch blueschist, 524 Sonoma Range, 89 45, 65, 80, 158 Skookumchuck Formation, 268, 325 Sonoma terrane, 599 Sierra Pelona anticline, 276 slab window, 505 Sonoma Volcanics, 350 Sierra-Wasatch ash flows, 307 slate, 35, 42, 143, 160, 278, 469, 527 Sonora, Mexico, 22, 46, 140, 164, Sierra-Wasatch magmatic belts, 304, Slate Creek complex, 142, 146, 147, 217, 239, 283, 425, 639, 664 307 437, 667 northern, 144,155 Sierra-Wasatch region, 290,353, 359, Slate Creek terrane, 436, 440 Sonoran and Mojave Deserts region, 3 6 1 ,3 7 3 Slate Creek-Thompson Creek area, 42 230, 231, 232, 233, 235 central, 342 Slate Creek thrust, 436, 437, 439 Sonoran Desert region, 146, 165, 230, Sierras Pampeanas, 205, 211, 223, Slate Range, 365, 600 359, 360, 372, 531 589 Slaughterhouse fault, 623 Sonoran megashear, 439 Sierrita line, 231 Slave province, 632 Sonoran region, 207 siesmicity, 602 Slaven Chert, 29, 31, 35, 45, 63, 66, Sonoran swarm, 675 Sil Nakya Hills, 145 634, 646 Sooes terrane, 278 Silent Canyon center, 373 Slide Mountain terrane, 80, 82, 96, Sortan normal fault, 468 Siletz River Volcanics, 265, 455 111, 120, 125, 151 South arch, 590 Siletzia, northern, 468 Sloan diatreme, 25 South China Sea, 654 Siletzia terrane, 458 Slocan basin, 142, 441, 450 South Cuyama fault, 333 silica, 45, 305, 635 Slocan Group, 89 South Fork fault, 185 siliciclastic facies, 21, 113 Slocan Lake fault zone, 466 South Fork Mountain Schist, 185, 528 sills, 16, 17, 38, 135, 153, 181, 267, Slocan strata, 138 South Mountains, 464, 490, 555 197, 300, 303, 308, 311, 339, slumping, submarine, 40 South Park basin, 215, 216 373, 413, 528, 611, 670 Smartville basin, 439, 440 South Park Formation, 216 silt, 16, 265, 319 Smartville complex, 152,158, 160, South Pass area, Wyoming, 629 siltite, 31, 35, 42 436, 437, 658, 668 South San Juan basin, 321

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Southern Alaska Superterrane, 691 Paleozoic, 611 Swauk Formation, 245, 295 Southern Beaverhead Mountains uplift, Precambrian, 609 Sweetgrass arch, 590, 601 15, 26 Striped Peak, 267 Sweetgrass Hills, 298 Spanish Peaks area, 294 stromatolites, 37 Sweitzer fault, 619 Spanish Peaks intrusions, 311 structure, 29, 64,181,184,208,232, syenite, 218, 303 Sparta igneous complex, 133 235 syncline, 181, 213, 319, 594 Sparta ophiolite, 87 Stuart Fork Formation, 524, 525 synclinoria, 174, 599 Spencer Formation, 268 Stuart Fork metacherts, 435 Spencer intertongue, 268 Stuart Fork terrane, 90, 91, 129, 133, Taal volcano, Philippines, 493 sphene, 38 134, 137, 146, 151, 434 Tafton Group, 71 Sphinx Conglomerate, 213 Stubbs fault, 89 Taghanic onlap, 26 Split Mountain Formation, 341 Stuhini Group, 137 Takla Group, 137, 138 Spokane Dome, 598 Subandean belt, 601 Takla-Nicola arc, 142 Spor Mountain, 373, 509 subduction, 3, 88, 91, 108, 113, 127, Takla-Stikine arc sequence, 130 Spotted Ridge Formation, 80, 94 136, 158, 167, 169, 211, 218, talus, 671 spreading centers, 20, 46, 321, 341, 250, 253, 261, 270, 280, 281, Taos Plateau, 371 373, 515, 621 346, 348, 349, 423, 516, 533, Tatoosh pluton, 301, 343 Spring Mountains, 141, 144, 364, 596 625, 636, 638, 654, 676, 693 Taylor Formation, 38, 70, 426 Spring thrust fault, 225 circum-Pacific, 544 Taylor thrust fault, 594 Standard Pluton, 439 complex, 90,128,132, 176, 188, Taylorsville sequence, 84 Stanley Mountain terrane, 281 250 Taylorsville thrust system, 158, 436, Stansbury Formation, 27 Cordillera (western), 442 450, 453 Stansbury uplift, 27 rate, 205 Teanaway Formation, 295 Star Peak Group, 89 western California, 533 Techachapi Mountains, 333 Star Peak/Luning basin, 433, 441, Sublette Range synclinoria, 174, 599 tectonics, 2, 92, 128, 141, 146, 148, 449, 471 subsidence, 9, 20, 22, 46, 63, 67, 75, 156, 168, 183,188, 208, 217, Starlight Formation, 380 78, 81, 139, 144, 153, 154, 172, 230, 233, 237, 251, 289, 351, staurolite, 523 175, 211, 214, 216, 247, 265, 368, 407, 439, 515, 589, 625, Steamboat Springs hydrothermal 270, 289, 319, 321, 324, 345, 651, 665, 683, 690 system, 376 358, 368, 385, 390, 417, 441, accretionary, 468 Steens Basalt, 377 459, 545, 548, 551, 553, 633 back-arc, 450 Steens Mountain, 303, 367, 377 caldera, 495 California, 447 Steens Mountain Volcanics, 303 rates, 132 Cordilleran, 551 Steinbach thrust, 227 sub-Snowcrest Range Thrust, 213 evolution, northern Cordillera, 461 Stevens County, Washington, 41, 45 Sudbury, Canada, 491 extensional, 462, 553 Stevens Ridge Formation, 301 Sulawesi arc, 655 fold, 583 Stevens submarine fan system, 327 Sulawesi Platform, 655 Gulf of California region, 341 Stewart Valley fault, 15 sulfides, 70, 509 interarc basin, 672 Stikine, northern, 138 base-metal, 43 , 629, 632, 633, 634, Laramide deformation, 460 Stikine arc fragment, 667 645 late Mesozoic, 447 Stikine shed, 138 massive, 646 late Paleozoic, 664 Stikine terrane, 60, 127, 128, 129, sulfur, 642 northern Cordillera, 461 130, 149, 454, 655, 664 Sullivan Creek terrane, 135, 137, 142, Pacific Northwest (late Mesozoic), Stikinia, 690, 692 146, 147, 152, 667 447 Stillwater-Reese River area, 306 Sullivan orebody, 633 pre-Late Cretaceous, 224,226 stocks, 153, 176, 179, 180, 267, 291, Sulphur Bank, California, 644 rifting, 664 295, 297, 300, 301, 303, 306, Sulphur Bank mine, 350 shear, 211 308, 311, 345, 639, 642 Sultan unit, 162 strike-slip, 609 Stockton arch, 247, 252 Summer Lake area, 303 thrust, 583 Stonewall Mountain caldera complex, Summitville, Colorado, 642 transcurrent, 468 375 Sunda arc, 655 transform, 261, 321, 664 Straight Creek branch, 120 Superior area, 309 truncation event, 664 Straight Creek fault, 121, 192, 242, Superior province, 632 tectonism, 2, 17, 57, 63, 74, 78, 85, 244, 262, 289, 445, 518, 612 Superstition Mountains area, 309 86, 141, 207, 212, 218, 222, Straight Creek-Frazier River system, Superstition-Superior area, 371 230, 253, 268, 545, 548 120, 122, 458 Superterranes, 447, 450, 470, 692 compressional, 583 Strait of Juan de Fuca, 267 Sur basin, 321 differential vertical, 210 Straits of Georgia, 243 Sur-Nacimiento fault system, 196, 529 extensional, 584, 634, 667, 668 stratigraphy, 30, 33, 39, 62 Sur-Obispo terrane, 198, 194, 196, northern Cordillera, 449 stratocone, 346, 348, 372 248, 252, 253, 469 pre-Cenozoic, 555 stratovolcanoes, 308, 343, 346, 348, Sutler Buttes, 350 southern Cordillera, 454 371 Swakane Biotite Gneiss, 41 subduction-related, 262 Strawberry Volcanics, 378 Swakane terrane, 41 tectonites, 128, 134, 137, 528, 662 stress, 212, 268, 289, 294, 361, 462, Swan Peak Formation, 21, 22, 24 core complexes, 55 9,56 9 503, 567, 576, 577, 624, 643 Swansea-Coso thrust system, 442 footwall metamorphic, 557 strike-slip fault systems Swansea-Coso-Argus thrust system, Tecuya Formation, 274 Cenozoic, 612, 616 600 Tehachapi Mountains, 252, 274, 469 Mesozoic, 612 Swauk basin, 251, 458 Tehama Formation, 320

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Tejon Formation, 274 Toano Range, 167, 222 Middle, 125 Telephone Canyon assemblage, 161 Toats Coulee pluton, 151 Trigo Mountains, 165 Telluride Conglomerate, 286 Tobacco Root anticlinorium, 212 trilobites, 21, 22 Temblor Formation, 327 Tobacco Root Mountains, 521 Trinity allochton, 468 temperature flow, 174 Tobacco Root-Ruby block, 213 Trinity body, 97 Temporal Formation, 165 Tobacco Root uplift, 228 Trinity complex, 70, 72 Tendoy thrust, 228, 591 Tobin Range, 76, 89 Trinity fault, 70 Tenmile Range, 358 Tofino-Juan de Fuca basin, 270, 314 Trinity massif, 524 tephra, 670 Toiyabe Range, 23, 78, 86, 97 Trinity ophiolite, 419, 433 tephrite, 375 Toiyabe uplift zone, 453 Trinity peridotite, 70, 524, 525, 659 terranes Toiyabe welt, 167 Trinity sheet, 20, 39, 40, 43 accreted, 3 6 ,4 2 , 207, 407, 598, Tolay Volcanics, 350 Trinity terrane, 436 636, 638 Tombstone well, 597 Tripon Pass Formation, 28 accretionary, 112, 278, 613 tonalite, 20, 41, 162, 179, 180, 192, Tristate basin, 15, 22, 24, 26 arc, 36, 644 196, 198, 228, 238, 422, 446, trona, 214 displaced, 189 455, 461 trondhjemite, 162 exotic, 262, 516, 636, 646, 668 Tonopah deposits, 508, 643 Troutdale Formation, 319 fringing, 136, 160, 432 Tonopah mining district, 343 Troy deposit, Montana, 632 island-arc, 125, 612 Tonto Basin, 609, 611 Troy Quartzite, 16, 413 microcontinental, 612 Tonto Group, 414 truncation, 128, 664 migration, 168 Tooele arch, 15, 22, 24, 25 Tucson area, 371, 464 oceanic, 111, 612 Topanga Formation, 339, 341 tuffs, 28, 33, 37, 40, 42, 43, 45, 66, rotated, 242 Topatopa Mountains, 275, 333 70, 74, 80, 82, 84, 86, 135, 138, supracrustal, 235 Topley Intrusions, 692 143, 151, 161, 166, 185, 192, translated, 242 Toquima Range, 23, 63, 82, 97, 306 216, 234, 277, 284, 288, 300, Tertiary, 484, 652 Toroda Creek graben, 289 306, 343, 345, 364, 372, 376, Early, 250, 262, 294, 455, 607, 638 Torrance oil field, 340 380, 434, 490,497, 622, 633 Late, 643 Tortolita Mountains, 232, 293 ash-flow, 22, 292, 294, 303, 306, lower, 243 Toutle Formation, 268 310, 311, 350, 362, 364, 387, middle, 262, 294,301,307,309, Townbridge Formation, 148 482, 487 311, 642 Towsley Formation, 335 submarine, 37 Tethyan belt, 71 toxic waste disposal, 509 Tujunga terrane, 196, 281 Tethyan fauna, 82, 111, 127, 128, 162 trachyandesite, 303, 371, 375, 376 Tukwila Formation, 268, 299, 300 Tethyan province, 82, 91, 95 trachybasalt, 314, 376 Tulare County, Nevada, 35 Teton Range, 364 trachytera zone, 27, 28, 38 Tulare Formation, 327 Teton-Targhee uplift, 214 trachytes, 297 Tule Mountains, 239 Thaynes Formation, 131 tractions, 575, 579 tungsten, 639, 641 thickness, 181 Trafton Group, 162, 431 skams, 508, 637, 642 tholeiite, 300, 349, 371, 373, 376, Trafton terrane, 129 Tuolomne Intrusive, Suite, 498 379, 381, 419, 521, 531 Trail Creek Formation, 34, 35 Tuolumne River, 353 Thomas Range, 373, 376 Trans-Challis fault zone, 363, 368 terrane, 433, 435, 440 Thompson Creek deposit, 640 Trans-Idaho discontinuity, 613 Tuolumne River belt, 662, 668 Thompson Creek-Slate Creek area, 42 Trans-Pecos, Texas, 294 turbidites, 16, 28, 62, 66, 70, 76, 80, Thompson Creek terrane, 42 Trans-Pecos field, 487 82, 85, 135, 142, 151, 160, 162, Three Forks Formation, 27, 28, 38 Trans-Pecos magmatic province, 311 187, 192, 197, 246, 248, 265, Three Sisters Formation, 16, 348 Transcontinental arch, 15, 25, 26, 46 267, 268, 276, 280, 316, 334, thrusts transform margin, 544 340, 387, 412, 419, 428, 442, blind, 596 transgression, 26, 22, 155 528, 530, 539, 543, 633, 665 development, 172 transpression, 148 fans, 278, 337 movements, 168 Transverse Ranges, 199, 236, 243, turbidity currents, 275 sheets, 170, 173, 185, 189, 191 248, 252, 253, 265, 272 , 276, Turlare County, California, 45 supracrustal, 551 321, 327, 332, 337, 361, 388, Turner-Albright deposit, 636 See also specific thrusts 389, 618, 619, 620, 675 Turtleback Complex, 41, 422, 446 Thunder Mountain district, Idaho, 641 Borderland sequence, 275 Turtleback terrane, 161 Tiawan collision zone, 664 central, 530 turtlebacks, 364 till, 16 eastern, 165, 469, 531 Tuscan Formation, 348 Tillamook embayment, 314, 317 northern, 283 Tuscarora magmatic belt, 297, 298, Tillamook Volcanics, 300, 314 northwestern, 345 300, 304, 305, 384 tilting, 564 western, 112, 149, 159, 160, 276, Tuscarora Mountains, 29, 299 Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley caldera 333, 335, 349, 384, 386, 470, Tuttle Lake Formation, 152, 158 complex, 373 557, 620 Twin River Group, 270 Timms Point Silt member, 340 Trappman Hills, 291 Twin Sisters dunite, 688 tin, 508 tremolite, 637 Twisp Formation, 192 Tintic Prince fault, 615, 642 Tres Pinos Sandstone, 252 Twobar Shale Member, 273 Tintic Valley thrust, 221 Triassic, 129,432,433, 688 Tyee delta, 265 Tintina-northem Rocky Mountain Early, 125,433 Tyee Formation, 246, 262, 265, 458 trench, 120, 458 Late, 132 Titus Canyon Formation, 291, 362 Lower, 129 Ubehebe Craters, 493

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Uinta arch, 78 Vedder Complex, 90, 97, 431, 446, Wah Wah thrust, 225, 594 Uinta axis, 94 518 Wahmonie fault, 624 Uinta basin, 75, 78, 85, 425 Vedder Mountain, 90 Walker, California, 636 Uinta Formation, 286 velifer zone, 27 Walker Lane, 291, 306, 365 Uinta Mountains, 413, 414, 419, 459, Ventura Avenue anticline, 335 Walker Lane belt, 365, 523, 555, 575, 521, 584, 585 Ventura basin, 253, 275, 333, 616 622, 643, 644 Uinta Mountains Group, 16, 214, 410, Verde Extension deposits, 632 Wall Mountain tuff, 309 413 Verde Valley, 372 Wallowa-Seven Devils terrane, 448, Uinta-Oquirrh uplift, 425 Vesa Bluffs Pluton, 436 519 Uinta-Tooele arch, 419, 425 Vester Formation, 135 Wallowa terrane, 111, 127, 130, 138, Uinta uplift, 15, 25, 27, 215 Victorville area, 441 149, 151, 158,162, 551, 613, ultramafics, 531 Victorville-San Bernardino Mountains 636 Uncompahgre uplift, 15, 28, 77, 81, region, 19 wallrocks, 180, 198, 199 85, 216, 425 Vincent Mountains, 600 prebatholithic, 178 unconformities, 26, 28, 38, 62, 66, Vincent thrust, 236, 276 Wanapum Basalt, 378 70, 75, 89, 90, 131, 135, 141, Vinini Formation, 31, 33, 34, 35, 43, Wanship Formation, 221 152, 155, 214, 215, 219, 234, 45, 63, 634, 646 Warm Springs Valley fault, 622 262, 268, 276, 281, 284, 286, Vinini sequence, 635 Warner Mountains, 300, 303, 367, 291, 317, 327, 330, 353, 379, Violin Breccia, 337 377 384, 387, 414, 588 Virgiana, 26 Wasatch-eastern Great Basin region, United Verde deposits, 632 Virginia City area, 304, 306 312 Unkar Group, 413 Vishnu Schist, 522 Wasatch fault, 363 uplifts, 15, 20, 26, 63, 72, 74, 76, 81, volcanic activity, 22 Wasatch Formation, 219, 283 86, 94, 125, 129, 153, 166, 169, volcanic arc, 60, 76, 86, 211, 482, Wasatch hinge line, 25 172, 173, 207, 208, 211, 212, 636 Wasatch line, 170 214,21 6, 231, 238, 241, 254, volcanic debris, 85 Wasatch Mountains, 170, 221, 301, 261, 267, 270, 280, 283, 286, volcanic flows, 74 521 288, 290, 294, 295, 301, 303, volcanic hazards, 505 northern, 594 314, 317, 319, 321, 324, 327, volcanic-island chain, 137 Wasatch Plateau monocline, 594 383, 387, 419,425, 518, 522 volcanic sequence, 16, 19, 46, 86, 96 Washakie basin, 214 basement, 583, 584 volcanic suites, 483 Washakie subbasin, 214 Basin-Range region, 351 volcanics, 175, 189, 290, 305, 309, Washington, 624, 692 Colorado Plateau, 351 345, 383 central, 598 Great Plains, 354 volcanism, 3, 29, 33, 37, 60, 70, 72, eastern, 598 late Cenozoic, 3 50,369 74, 80, 85, 87, 90, 92, 94, 130, northeastern, 226 Rocky Mountains, 354,584, 601 132, 135, 139, 141, 151, 153, northern, 143, 612 Upper styriacus, 27 161, 166, 205, 217, 223, 245, northwestern, 71, 77, 80, 85, 87, Urad-Henderson deposit, 642 251, 268, 271, 286, 288, 290, 692 uranium, 286, 355, 376, 383, 509, 292, 303, 305, 308, 321, 324, offshore, 245 638, 640, 641, 644 342, 345, 353, 363, 369, 373, southwestern, 613 Utah, 641 430, 432, 458, 482, 495, 523, western, 265 central, 224 573, 576, 643, 644, 655, 662 Washington Coast, sedimentary eastern, 491 active, 505 embayments, 314 northern, 592 andesitic, 436, 643 Washington marginal basin, 267 west-central, 594 arc, 74, 76, 81, 89, 299, 300, 320, Water Canyon Formation, 26 western, 598 385, 482, 491, 642 Watson Ranch Quartzite, 22, 24 Utah thrust belt, 592 basaltic, 357, 360, 372, 376, 482 Weatherby Formation, 149, 151 Ute Pass fault, 215 Columbia Plateau, 378 weathering, 271, 288 Uvas Conglomerate Member, 274 forearc, 668 Weaverville Formation, 468 island-arc, 137 wedge Vallejo Formation, 286 later Miocene, 378 accretionary, 241, 244, 321 Valles caldera system, 487, 506, 511 Oregon Plateau, 378 clastic, 173, 417 Valley Mountains, 594 propagating, 379 sedimentary, 19, 207 Valley Springs Formation, 306, 320 Quaternary, 378 Wells Creek strata, 161 Valmy Formation, 31, 34, 38, 43, 45, rhyolitic, 381, 386 Wells Creek Volcanics, 191, 446 63, 634, 646 rift, 371 Wells fault, 131, 615 Valmy sequence, 635 submarine, 136 Wenatchee Formation, 289 Van Stone deposit, 645 syn-batholithic, 180 Wemecke Supergroup, 412 Van Stone Mine, Washington, 633 volcanoes, 140, 270, 283, 294, 297, West Coast fault, 458 vanadium, 43, 638 305, 319, 343, 346, 347, 348, West Idaho suture zone, 430, 447, 448, Vancouver Island, 123, 265, 268, 278, 369, 371, 482, 486, 493, 505 450, 461, 462, 471 468, 518, 612, 613, 689 maar, 314, 375 West Mariana basin system, 667 southern, 242 shield, 311, 348 West Shasta, California, 634, 646 Vancouver Island terrane, 314 source, 349 West Shasta district, 43 Vancouver plate, 321, 385, 470 Wet Mountain uplift, 215 Vaqueros Formation, 276, 321, 322, Wabuska lineament, 622 Wet Mountain Valley, 311, 358 324, 330, 334, 339 wacke, 613 Wheeler Pass, 596, 597 Vasquez Formation, 310, 335 wackestone, 85 Wheeler Pass thrust, 225

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Whipple extended domain, 555, 569 Wind River Range, 211, 521, 584 Yager Formation, 253 Whipple fault, 466 Wind River thrust, 601 Yager terrane, 246 Whipple Mountains, 235, 240, 276, Wind River uplift, 3, 214, 216 Yakatat terrane, 468 464, 524, 569 Windermere Formation, 633 Yakima belt, 368 Whipple mylonites, 570, 571 Windermere Group, 16, 17 Yalakom fault, 120, 122, 455, 458 White-Inyo Mountains, 132, 154, Windermere sequence, 415 Yalakom-Pasayten system, 122 178, 523 Windermere Supergroup, 19 Yamhill Formation, 268, 284 White Knob thrust, 591 Window Mountain Well thrust, 232, Yap arc trench system, 655 White Mountain, 161, 225, 365, 375 233 Yaquina Formation, 270 White Mountain fault zone, 600, 614, Windy Pass thrust, 192, 447 Yaquina volcaniclastic delta, 317 623 Windy Ridge Formation, 87 Yellow Aster Complex, 41, 191, 422, White Mountain-Springerville field, Wingate sandstone, 140 446, 518, 534 371 Winnemucca belt, 170 Yellowjacket Formation, 228 White Pass-Goat Rocks center, 348 Winters Pass fault, 597 Yellowstone caldera system, 487, 495, White Range, 600 Winters Pass thrust, 225 506, 510 White River Formation, 286 Winthrop Formation, 192 Yellowstone Formation, 633 White River Group, 286 Witnet basin, 248 Yellowstone Group, 381 White Wolf fault, 243, 622 Witnet Formation, 226, 238 Yellowstone hotspot, 491 Whitefish thrust, 229 Wolf Creek stock, 38 Yellowstone Park area, 481, 487, 500 Whitehorse Mountains, 167 Wood Hills, 599 Yellowstone Park uplift, 15 Whiterockian Series, 22 Wood River district, Idaho, 634 Yellowstone Plateau, 369, 390 Whitetail basin, 286, 293 Wood River Formation, 35 Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field, Whittier fault zone, 340, 620, 621 Wood River thrust, 591 381 Wickiup Mountain member, 316 Woodlark Basin, 676 Yerington domain, 573 Wild Rogue assemblage, 671 Woodruff Formation, 35 Yerrington batholith, 153 Wild Rogue Complex, 437 Wooley Creek Pluton, 436 Yerrington district, 113, 131, 139, Wild Sheep Creek Formation, 87 Worm Creek Quartzite Member, 21, 32 144, 153, 306, 638 Wildcat Group, 281, 320 . Wrangellia, 111, 123, 127, 130, 151, Yolla Bolly terrane, 164, 185 Wilderness suite granite, 232 157, 162, 163, 192, 689, 690 Youngs Bay Member, 316 Wilkes Formation, 319 Wrangellian superterrane, 461, 471, Yreka assemblage, 39, 40 Willamette embayment, 270 518 Yreka-Callahan area, 39, 70, 420, 433 Willamette Plate, 319 Wrangellian terrane, 443, 446, 613 Yreka-Fort Jones terrane, 90, 91 Willamette Valley, 245, 268, 284, WXC-US A well, 594 Yreka section, 524 314, 317, 387, 388 Wyoming, 213, 219, 592 Yuba Rivers pluton, 158 Willamette Valley-Puget Lowland, Wyoming Basin, 286, 290, 390 Yucca Mountain, 510 265, 319 Wyoming craton, 15, 533 Yukon-Tanana/Stikine microplate, 667 Willard/Paris allochthon, 450 Wyoming foreland, 214 Yukon-Tanana terrane, 74, 111 Willard thrust, 219, 594, 599 Wyoming Lineament, 652 Williams Range thrust, 215 Wyoming Province, 213, 414, 521, Zabriskie Quartzite, 19, 45 Williston basin, 25, 61, 75, 77, 425 632 Zambales Range, 655 Willow Creek allochthon, 167 Wyoming salient, 219 Zayante fault, 324 Willow Creek Formation, 229 Wyoming shear zone, 629 zeolite, 40 Willow Creek lava field, 376 Wyoming shelf, 77, 81 zinc, 43, 633, 634, 635, 641, 642, Willow Creek lineament, 208 643, 646 Willow Creek thrust, 449 xenocrysts, 373 zircon, 38, 63, 160, 197, 238, 419, Willows Plutonic Complex, 198 xenoliths, 521 420, 500 Wilmington oil field, 340 lithospheric, 492 Zuma Volcanics, 345 Wind River Basin, 214, 588 Zuni-Bandera lava field, 371 Wind River drainage, upper, 376 Yachats Basalt, 300 Zuni-Defiance uplift, 77, 81, 85 Wind River profile, 586 Yager complex, 281, 319 Zuni uplift, 216

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SOUTH

O C Jc

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P C m

uTbav ) uTav

300 KILOMETERS

200 M ILES

B.C. Burchfiel 1 9 9 3 With contributions from M.T. Brandon G.A. Davis R.B. Miller J.B. Saleeby R.W. Tabor E.H. Brown L.D. Kulm W.R. Muehlberger R.A. Schweikert P.R. Tauvers E.S. Cheney D.M. Miller F.G. Poole A.W. Snoke T.L. Vallier D.S. Cowan E.L. Miller S.J. Reynolds J.E. Spencer L.A. Woodward Compiled in

Published by: ;th The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301 1989 P i A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Project, J- which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf I 0 0 by guest on 24 September 2021 EXPLANATION FOR THE TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC MAP OF THE CORDILLERAN OROGENIC BELT

TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC ELEMENTS

TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS

CONVERGENT INTRAPLATE

Northern Transect Northern Central Transect oc I oc: Oceanic sequences Intracratonic deposits of North America: me / c _ o p h * ^ J opf: Ophiolites mc/c: both marine and non-marine.

ap: Accretionary prism Qav Qrv Qdv Qbv Quaternary Qav Qrv Qdv Qbv Q ap Marginal to craton: subduction complex. cs /os cs: continental margin, shelf, and slope, os: Offshelf and on oceanic crust. uTap uTfa uTav uTib uTrv uTdv uTbv uTc upper Tertiary uTfa uTav u T i b uTr v uTdv uTbv u T r uTc uT -15 M a mTc — '"I 5 M a m T c sb: Successor basin or backdeep s b oi: Ocean floor and oceanic island I Tap IT fa i Tf a (back of arc) basin. o i i b IT r ITa ITa c ITa IT basalt, ITc lower Tertiary ITc ib: Inplate basalt. IToi uKIT f d fd: Foredeep basin. fa

Kmc Ka Kmc Kf d Cretaceous Kfa Kf d K f a fa: Forearc basin, JKfa TRANSFORM a: Volcanic arc. t: Clastic and volcaAoclastic rocks, a / ac ac: Volcanic, volcanoelastic and rift basin and related shelf deposits, both marine and non-marine Ja Jurassic arc related rocks.

MIXED TJfa EXTENSIONAL b: Behind arc, within arc or backdeep deposits. Tjos ; y s : Ta r: Clastic deposits related to PJos T riassic extension. br : mixed convergent or extensional b r transform boarderland units.

Permian

MTos IPPcs Quaternary and upper Tertiary volcanic € J c rocks are designated by composition only: Pennsylvanian CJcs € J c IP rv - rhyolite, av - andesite, dv- dacite, bv- basalt, bav - basanite. ■ Mississippian Mfd M

D e v o n i a n D MAP SYMBOLS

Silurian Faults €Dos €Dos Ordovician 0 Thrust faults, barbs on hanging wall.

Strike-slip faults Cambrian

Precambrian Major low-angle normal faults, ticks on hanging wall. Z -J— P Axial trace of anticline and syncline.

Axial trace of monocline. p€m WX p-Cm WX Caldera

* ° 0 - Topographic contours on the continental shelf in meters, sealevel datum.

^O q Contours on top of Precambrian basement rocks in meters, sealevel datum.

( y Magnetic anomolies of the eastern Pacific Ocean.

I

INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Southern Central Transect Southern Transect

Mafic Felsic and intermediate METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Qov Qrv Qdv Qbv Qbav Quaternary Q rv Qdv Q a v Qbv Qbov Q Q Where age and/or t e c t o n ic setting of protolith is uncertain or unknown. uTav uTr uTr v uTdv uTbv uTbav uTc uTav u uTt upper Tertiary uTt uTrv uTdv uTbv uTbav uTr uTc uT T i uT mTc ------15M a -15Ma -15 Ma I T i ITbr ITa ITr lower Tertiary ITbr ITa ITr ITc IT IT ITc K Tm; TK i uKIT ap ;------;— K m c k V A V .Y .V W u K i Kmc Cretaceous K Km . Ka Kb Kf d Kfa Ka Ka — K CMm **V i*** K JKfa JKap WfcrrI J K a p K b I Ks TjXsy'N'' JKb BBS JKa m m

J a M i w § Ja Jfd Jurassic 7* ** »• » > . TJs mm p i p T Ja .YAYAGY,'. TJsb l i t 1 ■ .;■■■? T o Ts Triassic T i:

.-a- P?a PTs Pa Permian Psb Pi G d V .L - -:

IPPcs €Jcs € Jc DPos Pennsylvanian €Jc IP IP MIPfd

r : ■ATI Ordovician f t * 0 (Oi * 0 O 3 3 2 re o s n2 . C S£ Cambrian ■ a 2 • <-* c/> eg* Precambrian 3

Z Metamorphic facies of known or unknown protolith S &s t3 Amphibolite facies and higher pGm Pre-Cordilleran igneous and metamorphic rocks - locally greenschist facies p €m WX p€m T*T*7T5TT71 Blueschist facies

©1993 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Published by: The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 EXPLANATION LITHOFACIES LITHOFACIES (latest Middle Cambrian) 2430 JlCMh / J 3 0 0 Outcrop thickness Dominantly quartzite in m eters and siltstone Sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone 2469 W indermere Present in drill hole ------Dominantly siltstone, carbonate, 9 0 0 0 and quartzite Limestone interbedded with Supergroup siltstone and mudstone Absent on outcrop or in drill hole r - 7 5 0 0 835oT Faults same as Data points figure 1 Dolostone . 303 Thickness in m eters

Limestone x 1 2 0 0 Incomplete thickness in m eters

Mudstone and siltstone with interbedded limestone Strata present, but only a small part of sequence exposed

Sandstone in Idaho Strata absent on (local source) outcrop or in drill hole

Ordovician and (or) Cambrian Ordovician and (or) Cambrian mafic and alkalic intrusive rocks (after Loring and Arm­ alkalic intrusive rocks strong, 1980; Olson and others 1977; Ritzma. 1983) Ash-fall tuff 2 0 0 0 ------^Pocatello a Isopach —Showing thickness in 1 0 0 0 ------meters; dashed where inferred Formation' ‘ Isopach —Showing thickness in 1090 S 2 6 7 0 meters; dashed where inferred

______4 6 5 - ^ Faults same as Formation of f ig u r e 1 Perry Canyon 1620 Axis of depositional basin 9 8 0 —«y ° ?/ 3 3 6 0 (® Mineral ForkA'v Formation Axis of arch or uplift

2 7 0 0 3700 3651 _ l I I__ Limit of preserved record; barbs on missing side 2800 • D ata Point

Faults same as figure 1

vKingston Pi -i Formatioi

3 0 0 0 >

M arathon M arathon M arathon Orogenic A Orogenic A Orogenic A 2308 Belt / Belt / Belt /

2-1. DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF LATE PROTEROZOIC DIAMICTITE AND VOLCANIC SEQUENCE 2-2. DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF LATE PROTEROZOIC AND LOWER CAMBRIAN MIOGEOCLINAL TERRIGENOUS 2-3. DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF MIDDLE CAMBRIAN AND LOWERMOST UPPER CAMBRIAN ROCKS DETRITAL SEQUENCE

LITHOFACIES LITHOFACIES LITHOFACIES (earliest Ordovician)

Dolostone Sandstone, <50% limy, some Quartz sandstone mudstone interbeds

Limestone, shallow subtidal, Sandstone with siltstone medium-bedded Sandstone, > 50% limy, some and mudstone interbeds mudstone interbeds

Limestone, outer shelf, Sandstone with beds of siltstone, thin-bedded Sandstone, siltstone, and limestone and dolostone mudstone interbedded

Black shale Limestone and sandstone Mudstone and siltstone, minor interbedded sandstone and limestone

Sandstone Argillite with interbeds of Limestone <25% siliceous limestone and siltstone detritus

Ordovician and (or) Cambrian mafic and alkalic intrusive rocks Middle or Lower Devonian kim- Limestone, mudstone > 25% and < 50% berlitic diatremes with Silurian 4 5 c to Cambrian carbonate xeno­ liths Ash-fall tuff

A 300----- Middle or Lower Devonian kim- Middle or Lower Devonian kim- Isopach—Showing thickness in berlitic diatremes with Silurian berlitic diatremes with Silurian meters, dashed where inferred to Cambrian carbonate xeno­ to Cambrian carbonate xeno­ liths liths Harding Sandstone

- 1 0 0 0 - 300------Axis of depositional basin Isopach—ShowingDwing thickness in Isopach —Showing thickness in i____ meters; dashed wherewhe inferred meters, dashed where inferred Axis of arch or uplift

*______f Axis of depositional basin Axis of depositional basin D ata point

/ANCESTRAL ♦ Faults same as 1------UINTA-'UPLIFT figure 1 Axis of arch or uplift Axis of arch or uplift ANCESTRAL UINTA

— I I I___ • UPLIFT Limit of preserved record; D ata point barbs on missing side Faults same as figure 1 D ata point

Faults same as Harding Sandstone

figure i

Ellen b u rg e Group 0C srH — re n Q 1 C

© & *“T> — H «

"> a re O I 3 era o ^ S ® o

aII r®

> si . I « 3. s £ c C/2 o • M arathon M arathon z Orogenic A Orogenic A ► Belt / Belt / 6 v M /

2-4. DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF UPPER CAMBRIAN AND LOWER ORDOVICIAN ROCKS 2-5.DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF WHITEROCKIAN (LOWER MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN) ROCKS 2-6. DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF MOHAWKIAN (UPPER MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN) ROCKS

Published by: The Geological Society of America, Inc. 1 1991 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Distribution and thickness of Late Proterozoic through Middle Ordovician Rocks 3300 Penrose Place, P. O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Compiled by F. G. Poole and others Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 LITHOFACIES LITHOFACIES LITHOFACIES 1

Anhydrite overlying Siltstone and sandstone, minor subordinate dolostone and Dolostone limestone dolostone and conglomerate

Limestone Dolostone, sandy dolostone, silty Dolostone and subordinate dolostone, local minor limestone overlain by anhydrite limestone, sandstone, and (or evaporite-solution breccia) siltstone Mudstone and siltstone Roosville Dolostone and subordinate lime­ Laminated limestone and limy stone and sandstone overlain by + siltstone, local minor sandy anhydrite (or evaporite- solution Upper Ordovician limestone and conglomerate breccia) dioritic dike

A X CH 17 Middle or Lower Devonian a n c e S; Dolostone with subordinate lime­ kimberliticdiatremes with Lower Devonian—Number indicates .. CEJMflj thickness in meters stone and sandstone; limestone Silurian to Cambrian M Q ffe with subordinate dolostone and car.bonate xenoliths CH C hannel fill CA Cavern fill sandstone in southeastern CR Crevice fill California and in Sonora 1 0 0 ------S Sinkhole Red R iver Iso p a ch —Showing thickness in Interlake D olostone meters; dashed where inferred CA Formation Early Devonian shoreline Dolostone with subordinate lime­ in Idaho stone and sandstone overlain by —I— siltstone Axis of depositional basin B ig ho rn Middle or Lower Devonian kimberlitic diatremes with D olostone Silurian to Cambrian — t - carbonate xenoliths Limestone and dolostone Axis of arch or uplift

I I 2 0 0 ------Limit of preserved record; Isopach —Showing thickness in meters; dashed where inferred Limestone and dolostone barbs on missing side overlain by siltstone

• D ata point Axis of depositional basin Dolostone and subordinate Faults same as limestone Figure 1

Axis of arch or uplift A lC E S T R / fl UINTA Conglomerate and sandstone ANCESTRAL UiNTA Limit of preserved record; ’u pCifT - 2 OOEL_E__ j.A R C hi. sT a NCESTRAL UIN1 a ' UPLIFT barbs on missing side / U P L IF T ■WO- f i Dolostone, limestone, siltstone, D ata point and shale

Faults same as figure 1

Fremont Dolostone Shale and novaculite-chert

Allochthonous upper part of Woodruff, central Nevada

1 0 0 ------Isopach —Showing thickness in meters; dashed where inferred

Axis of depositional basin

Axis of arch or uplift

Fusselman Dolostone Limit of preserved record; Montoya Dolostone % and Ohate Formation barbs on missing side

O nate Fo rm atio n D ata point

Faults same as figure 1

S w is s h e lm Fo rm atio n,

M arathon M arathon M arathon O rog enic X O rog enic X Orogenic X B elt / B e lt /

3-3. DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF FRASNIAN AND LOWER FAMENNIAN (LOWER UPPER DEVONIAN) ROCKS 3-1. DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF CINCINNATIAN (UPPER ORDOVICIAN) ROCKS 3-2. DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF LOWER SILURIAN TO MIDDLE DEVONIAN ROCKS

EXPLANATION LITHOFACIES EXPLANATION BROCK GARDEN VALLEY BATTLE BATTLE CANYON TERTIARY FORMATION LITHOFACIES MISSISSIPPIAN MISSISSIPPIAN FORMATION FORMATION UNKNOWN FORMATION (PENNSYLVANIAN- OVERLYING ROCKS OVERLAP OVERLAP OVERLAP Limestone, and sandy limestone. (M. PENN.) (M PENN.)' (UPPER PERMIAN) PENNSYLVANIAN) CENTRAL NEVADA SHELF F, feldspar bearing Outcrop areas of Carbanaceeus mudstone Greenstone breccia and tuff and siltstone Roberts Mountains allochthon PILOT §HALi FAMENNIAN BM Bald Mountain !y.- >x DEVILS GATE Volcanic debris flow LIMESTONE FRASNIAN EPM El Paso Mountains bsbbbbhb DENAY GIVETIAN G Goldstone Q uartzose (Q) sandstone and LIMESTONE EIFELIAN IW Indian Wells siltstone, F, feldspar bearing McCOlTEY CANYON EMSIAN Shale predominant over Feldspathic siltstone. argillite, K K ennedy , RJRMjATiqN, , _ PRAGIAN argillaceous limestone chert, and sandy limestone. LM Lane Mountain F. feldspar bearing LONE MM Miller Mountain LOCHKOVIAN MOUNTAIN Major chert and argillite sequence PKV Pilot Knob Valley DOLOSTONE PRIDOLIAN PM Pioneer Mountains LUDLOVIAN Barite Siltstone, sandstone, argilla­ ROBERTS WENLOCKIAN ceous limestone, and calcareous MOUNTAINS Greenstone pillow lava shale FORMATION LLANDOVERIAN Outcrop areas of jL:ALM jsTON^J. Arkosic sandstone clast accreted terranes HANSON Volcanogenic debris flows and C K Chilliwack ~BT' ‘ ~ '"SH C CREEK ASHGILLIAN sandstones containing clasts Sandy carbonate, or sandstone V) CM Central Metamorphic FORMATION of greenstone, arkosic to and light-colored peloidal and CJ nodular carbonate (limestone C Y Coyote Mountains < subarkosic sandstone and and dolostone) GS Grindstone ;M!:n i l l X siltstone. and limestone S Hiatus K O Kootenay EUREKA CARADOCIAN I I gBSBurocvvsi V FOSSIL AGES K R Kings River QUARTZITE ; NSI Northern Sierra A = Angustidontus (ram i) LLANDEILIAN N evada P = Palmatolepis (conodont) Allochthonous uppermost R C Roaring Creek LLANVIRNIAN Devonian B = Brachiopod R E Redding area POGONIP ARENIGIAN C = Conodont SJ San Juan 50------GROUP G = Graptolite T C Thompson Creek TREMADOCIAN R = Radiolarian Isopach —Showing thickness in T R Trinity meters; dashed where inferred T = Trilobite YA Yellow Aster WINDFALL FM. DUNDERBERG SH. UPPER Y R Yreka o North Fork\ CJ HAMBURG DOL. SOURCES OF DATA Big Lost River j SECRET CANYON SH. Limit of shallow subtidal to Column 1—Stanley and others (1977) and supratidal rocks Faults same as GEDDES LIMESTONE Poole and Sandberg (1977); figure 1 MIDDLE Column 2—Ordovician and Silurian from Riva ELDORADO (1970) in HD Range and Devonian from DOLOSTONE Sandberg and others (1988) in Adobe Axis of arch or uplift Range; PIOCHE SHALE Column 3—Ordovician from Churkin and Kay EXPO SU RES (1967) and Miller and Larue (1983) and OF RMA LOWER Silurian and Devonian from Sandberg and Independence D ata point p r o s p e c t others (1988); Mountains ’.-.•M O UN TAIN '-.’ Column 4—Roberts (1964) and Madrid (1987). '.QUARTZITE (part); Faults same as Column 5—Gilluly and Gates (1965) and figure 1 LOWER ROBERTS Madrid (1987); POST-ANTLER UNNAMED e Jr Adobe m PALEOZOIC MOUNTAINS WENBAN 0EVILS GATE Column 6-GUIuly and Gates (1965), Wrucke AUTOCHTHON AUTOCHTHON AUTOCHTHON SILTSTONE UNDERLYING AUTOCHTHONOUS S/ Range * CARBONATE FORMATION LIMESTONE LIM ESTONE (unpub. data), and Sandberg and others NOT EXPOSED (UPPER PALEOZOIC NOT EXPOSED (UPPER ROCKS IN W INDOW S U 1 N I A ' AND (SILURIAN- (DEVONIAN) (DEVONIAN) (1988); 0 P L IF T ROCKS) DEVONIAN) QUARTZITE DEVONIAN) Column 7—Gilluly and Masursky (1965) and Madrid (unpub. data); MILLER MOUNTAIN- HD RANGE- INDEPENDENCE BATTLE NORTHERN NORTHERN CO RTEZ ROBERTS Column 8—Minnick (1975) and Murphy and CANDELARIA HILLS ADOBE HILLS MOUNTAINS MOUNTAIN SHOSHONE SHOSHONE MOUNTAINS MOUNTAINS 1 2 3 4 RANGE- RANGE- 7 8 others (1984); and the central Nevada refer­ South Fish.** MT. LEWIS AREA GOLD ACRES AREA ence section from Nolan and others (1956), Creek Range 5 6 Berry (1976). and Poole and others (1977). Toquima R ang e h Crilrn rgn Cnemnu U.S. Conterminous Orogen: CordilleranThe rocks; Devonian Upper through Ordovician Upper of thickness and Distribution 3.Plate 3*6. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE ROBERTS MOUNTAINS ALLOCHTHON IN NEVADA (GNA-G3) America North of Geology of The G-3 Vol.

KLAMATH MOUNTAINS EXPLANATION LEGEND YOUNGER FORMATIONS SIERRA BUTTES FORMATION Lim e sto n e FAMENNIAN terranes accreted younger some and allochthon Mountain Roberts the of Stratigraphy 1 Detrital m odal analysis, volcano-plutonic provenance (Girty and Wardlaw, 1984). z FRASNIAN Oolitic and pisolitic Detrital zircon, U-Pb age, 506 ± 22 Ma (Girty and GRIZZLY FORMATION 2 5 GIVETIAN Wardlaw, 1984). lim estone z FIFELIAN UPPER DEVONIAN ARC SEQUENCE 3 Zircon age, 600 ± 10 Ma on plagiogranite block in D olostone melange (Saleeby and others, 1987). > EMSIAN 4 Alkalic. possibly seamount basalts (Girty and PRAGIAN Sandstone (quartzose) Schweickert, 1982; Girty, 1983). 5 Detrital moda! analysis, continental-block prove­ LOCHKOVIAN F = Feldspar-rich nance (Girty and Wardlaw, 1985). PRIDOLIAN V = Volcanic-rich 6 Detrital U-Pb zircon age. 2087 ± 20 Ma (Girty and Wardlaw, 1985). Conglomerate r WENLOCKIAN SALLOW* SUBTIDAL 7-0 * 7 Detrital modal analysis, continental-block prove­ D L L ^ - U l, l M u ~ , S / y n J ' nance (Bond and DeVay, 1980). - 1 S U B T ID A L RO c k s 7 ^ < & 4 S iltstone 8 Calc-alkalic and alkalic granitoids in Lang-Halsted cn LLANDOVERIAN sequence (Merguerian, 1985; Merguerian and ROCKS Schweickert, 1987). Argillite 9 Detrital modal analysis, continental-block prove­ ASHGILLIAN CINCIN­ nance (Bond and DeVay, 1980). NATIAN Chert and argillite 1 0 The Gazelle Fm. may lie unconformably on at least part of the Moffett Creek Formation; elsewhere it 2 is faulted (Potter and others, 1977). < CARADOCIAN Massive lava

0 KIAN 1 1 Block of Moffett Creek Formation encapsulated in > MOHAW- the Gazelle Formation (Potter and others. 1977). 0 Pillow lava LLANDEILIAN 1 2 Alkalic basalt of possible seamount or volcanic-arc 6 OC origin at Duzel Rock (Potter and others. 1977). O LLANVIRNIAN Keratophyre

Melange of the Moffett Creek Formation is attributed - WHITE

13 ROCKIAN to both sedimentary (slope environment) and z tectonic processes (Potter and others. 1977). G abbro X 14 Concordant U-Pb zircon and K-Ar age of 400 Ma of TREMADOCIAN Mule Mountain stock (Albers and others, 1979). 3 Plagiogranite and tonalite Lower age limit of Bragdon Formation unknown: Z sc sc 15 UPPER 0 z (J (J Mississippian fossils present only in the upper C3 u j O z 0 u- , I Pyroclastic and volcani­ 8 8 -! Q_ part. < 5 £ cc o t t w LU b 0 I— £ < ^ CD U J <*. u. E < Q CJ clastic rocks LL) ^ > z - j UJ UJ Peridotite, Sm-Nd age, 427 ± 32 Ma (Jacobsen and 111 < J LU - 1 X 16 oc ^ <, cc § o i r oc to others, 1984). > w C J N BELT Z MIDDLE C/D O o S O ENTRA AMOR 17 Tonalite. U-Pb zircon age,570-565 Ma (Wallin and <

3-4. DISTRIBUTION AND THICKNESS OF MIDDLE AND UPPER FAMENNIAN (UPPER UPPER DEVONIAN) ROCKS 3-5. DISTRIBUTION OF EXPOSED DEVONIAN AND OLDER ROCKS IN THE ROBERTS MOUNTAINS 3-7. SCHEMATIC COLUMNAR SECTIONS OF DEVONIAN AND OLDER ROCKS IN SOME ALLOCHTHON AND IN ACCRETED TERRANES ACCRETED TERRANES IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Published by: The Geological Society of America, Inc. Distribution and thickness of Upper Ordovician through Upper Devonian rocks; 3300 Penrose Place, P. O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Stratigraphy of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and some younger accreted terranes Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation 1 1991 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Compiled by F. G. Poole and others

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 DEVONIAN TO EARLY TRIASSIC PALEOGEOGRAPHIC MAPS Compiled by E. L. Miller, M. M. Miller, C. H. Stevens, J. E. Wright, and R. Madrid

B. EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN LARDEAU A. DEVONIAN LARDEAU C. LATE MISSISSIPPIAN D. PENNSYLVANIAN h GROUP $GROUP (early Middle for Rocky Mts.)

■HESTERIAN CANADA - _CANADA_ CANADA_ UNITED STATES UNITED STATES UNITED STATES LOWER PALEOZOIC UNITED STATES LARDEAU GROUP WILLISTON B WILL IS TON BASIN ^ ' • V o l c a n ic i f SOURCE

) 1 . | I WS

A a A A Ay

AA A A A' A A \x?Je AMath KLAMATH 'OLCANO-PLUTONIC fountains mountains SOURCE A 'DOVICIAN. J

AAAAA VALMY ix .

'A7C7CTVA-

•JSfy,'A A A A ■ AAA A

s 6 .f x S UBS)DENC Siis^«ir{GPF Bta DEFORMATION Peale p \cc \i

TR A N $ IT I

ABBREVIATIONS

A P Antler Peak , - ...r MOJAVE MOJAVE B Burro uplift ABBREVIATIONS m o ja v e Bd Baird Formation ~e =1EP):T y°JM E Ca Carlin BM Battle Mountain + + + ABBREVIATIONS CC Central Colorado trough Oquiuh basih BR Bragdon Formation ) * Ch Chilliwack Group C Cortez Range ^~NvV ♦ ♦ B r Bragdon ‘-'X Y ■> Ob Orograhde basin C Candelaria 'X 'v CM Cortez Range Om Ouachifa margin C C Coffee Creek Formation N j n * +4 + CB Control Baa in platform Db Delaware Basin m * ♦ \ CC Coffee Creek Formation OM Osoosd Mountains. ABREVIATIONS C Cambrian autochthonous shelf strata OU Oquirrh-Uinta uplift E A -S M Eastern Assemblage-Slide Mountain terrane Db Delaware basin D Deep Creek-Tintic uplift Pab Paradox basin EM Edna Mountain vjA* * EA-SMT Eastern assemblage-Slide Mountain BLB Bowman Lake batholith Db Delaware basin Pb Pedregosa Basin ■ E P El Paso Mountains F Frontrange uplitt CB Copley-Balaklala E A -S M T Eastern Assemblage-Slide Mountain terrane Pau Pathfinder uplift F Frontrange uplift V+ « IM Independence Mountains EM Edna Mountain CMB Central Metamorphic Belt Pp Piute uplitt IM Independence Mountains \ 4+c Ma Montana uplill CW Chilliwack Group EP El Paso Mountains P u Pedernal uplift OM Osgood Mountans }♦ + Me Mountain City CPF Grizzly Peak Formation (Frasnian-Famennia ESN Eastern Sierra Nevada U Uinta basin Pb Pedregosa basin Y + 4 Mg Millord Group GR Grindstone terrane F Frontrange uplift Uu Uncompahgre uplift Pu Pedernal Uplift V, OM Osgood Mountains Fb Ferguson basin MM Mule Mountain stock RM lower Pz. Roberts Mountains allochthon RMA Roberts Mountains allochthon i- Ou Oquirrh-Uinta uplift RMA Future Roberts Mountains allochthon IM Independence Mountains and equivalents RMT Roberts Moutains thrust Pb Pedregosa Basin SB Sierra Buttes Formation I n Inyo Mountains R v Reeve Formation (Guadalupian) \ \ S Shoshone Range Pe Peale M Miogeoclinal axis Pennsylvanian Stages S F C Shoo Fly Complex S R Spotted Ridge Permian Stages \ ' \ / T P Taylor and Peale Formations Pu Pedernal uplift MC Mountain City V Virgillian TT Trinity thrust T-AP Tobin-Antler Peak Ranges W Wolfcamplan Y \ Z-D Zuni-Defiance uplift RMA Roberts Mountains allochthon Mi Missourian TR Trinity mafic-ultramafic complex M G-KC Milford Group-Keen Creek sequence WP Wildcat Peak Z-D Zuni-Defiance uplift D Desmoisian W CS Wolf Creek slock MR Mount Roberts Formation WS Wyoming Shelf N l North Idaho high A Atokan Z-D Zuni-Defiance uplift / 9m Mo Morrowan ■ ■ ■ ■ --

E. LATE PENNSYLVANIAN F. EARLY TO MID-PERMIAN . MID TO LATE PERMIAN LAtE PERMIAN -EARLY TRIASSIC

ABBREVIATIONS — _CANADA_ BBP Bollibokka-Pit Formation UNITED STATES BD Black Dike CH Chilliwack Group CM Canyon Mountain complex CMT Central melange terrane CP El Paso Mountains ES Eastern Sierra Nevada EHF Eastern Hayford terrane FV Fairview Valley Formation GA Golconda allochthon OR Grindstone terrane Huntington Mina Formation MC Mina-Candelaria NFS North Fork Salmon PR Pit River stock RV Fieve SC Sparta complex SF Stuart Fork TR Trafton Group VC Vedder complex Victorville YFJ Yreka-Fort Jones

Areas of exposure of Golconda allochthon

Battle Mountain East Range Hotsprings Range dependence Mountains Monitor Range & (T-AP)[ MC Mountain City LANDr^ K0IPAT( New Pass Range Goodhue *GUA0* Osgood Mountains tr *5' J, f? GOLCONDA Sonoma Range Sh Shoshone Range F ALLOCHTHON Tobin Range T o Toiyabe Range 'M-Cy VOLCANIC ARC ’-'■tr' VOLCANOGENIC DEBRIS

ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIONI AS Alberta shell B Burro uplift A P Antler Peak , \ \ U J J ( t H ) BB Bollibokka Group AS Alberta shell < CB Central Basin platform B Burro uplift I CW Chilliwack MOJAVE CA Candelaria X Db Delaware basin CC Central Colorado trough\ E P El Paso Mountains CB Coyote Butte Formation "— * + X. F Frontrange uplift CBP Central Basin platform L - Fb Ferguson basin CH Chilliwack IN Inyo Mountains D Deep Creek-Tintic uplift O Oquirrh bpsin J IM Independence Mountains Db Delaware basin Ob Oro Grande basin ( M Mina EA-SM Eastern Assemblage-Slide Mountain terrane OM Osgood Mountains W Mb Marathon basement uplift EP El Paso Mountains Ou Oquirrh-Uinta uplift Me McGill Canyon Formation F Frontrange uplift Pab Paradox basin MR Mount Roberts Formation Fb Ferguson basin Pb Pedregosa Basin N l North Idaho high H Holbrook basin Pp Piute positive Ob Oro Grande basin IN Inyo Mountains Pu Pedernal uplift OU Oquirrh-Uinta uplift IM Independence Mountains OR Quinn River Pb Pedregosa Basin Permian Stage Name Abbreviations IM-MC Independence Mountains-Mountain City area T-AP Tobiin-Antler Peak area P r Pit River stock M Miogeocline axis Permian Stages To Toquima Range OR Quinn River G Guadalupian. LG lower Gradalupian; UG upper Guadalupian M i Mina TR Toiyabe Range RE Reeve Formation L Leonardian Mb Marathon basement uplitt G Guadalupian U Uinta basin RMA Roberts Mountains allochthon W Wolfcamplan ■. Me McGill Canyon Formation Uu Uncompahgre uplift L Leonardian SD Seven Devils Arc MR Mount Roberts Formation W Wolfcamplan W Wyoming shelf T Toiyabe Range M Mississippian MR Monitor Range Z-D Zuni-Defiance uplift U Uinta basin N l North Idaho high

2 7 2 5 LEGEND WASATCH MTS. UINTA MTS. 2 0 CANYON-PAVANT RANGE SYMBOLS NEWFOUNDLAND MTS. 1 1 CONFUSION-HOUSE RANGE LITHOLOGIC SYMBOLS AND TECTONIC SETTINGS ELKO REGION REGION W oodside- E LY REGION r - s T R ^m^m^tm^-w-^Thaynes Jhaynes Fm. Dinwoody Fm.

Park City Fm. Thaynes GENERALIZED SHELF LITHOLOGIES ISLAND ARC SEQUENCES WHERE OUTCROPS ARE SMALL OR SCATTERED, LOCATION SHOWN IN BLACK; Phosphorla Fm. Gera tor P lym plon LITHOLOGIC SYMBOLS SHOWN OVER LARGER REGION. IN SIERRA NEVADA INSET DIAGRAMS SUMMARIZE IMPORTANT i deacon, Kalbab h -7 PRIM ARIL Y SIUCICLASTIC CALC-ALKALINE AND KLAMA TH MTS., DOTTED LINES ENCLOSE REGIONS ONCE UNDERLAIN B Y STRUCTURAL OR STRATIGRAPHIC ;D6U{jnrtVfFm: SEDIMENTATION VOLCANIC ROCKS FLOW BRECCIA PILLOW LAVAS PARTICULAR AGE ROCKS RELATIONSHIPS. AGE OF BRACKETING o. - o Te elg o Nrh mrc (GNA-G3) America North of Geology The of G-3 Vol. U.S. Conterminous Orogen: CordilleranThe ' Humbug Fm.. Quantoweap Ss. maps Paleogeographic Triassic Early to Devonian 4. Plate Pakoon Dol. ROCKS SHOWN FOR UNCONFORMITIES r r i r : -Deseret Ls. «** EUREKA REGION Meade Pk. Cat villa L a S ' PRIMARILY CARBONATE --- DOMINANT LITHOLOGIES to n g u e - U g g : L o d g ep vlc ' Ls. - 6 DOMINANTL Y CALC-ALKALINE ISLAND ARC m v p r u w n SEDIMENTATION q < r Interbedded conglomerate VOLCANIC AND ASSOCIATED SEDIMENTARY ROCKS (T-AP) LOCAUTY NAMES PROVIDING DATA FOR GENERALIZED ROCK TYPES DEPOSITED and sandstone /p Iq fly Fm ■ - Carbon IN HAVALLAH BASIN Ridge Fm. L L L - CALC-ALKALINE TUFF AND TUFFACEOUS SEDIMENTS Shale, siltstone and chert - 5 L L L EVAPORITES DIRECTION OF FINE SEDIMENT DISPERSAL Ely Limestone RADIOMETRIC AGES Sandstone/quartzite Joana Ls. > > > > > BIMODAL BASALT-RHYOLITE SHALE/CLASTIC BASINS > > > > > ypj<idndj'- Pilot Shale ASSOCIATION DIRECTION OF COARSE SEDIMENT DISPERSAL p la rndndy Joano Ls. - 4 • K-AR MUSCOVITE Limestone, dolomite, ■ J& k .P 'm : V V V V V Pilot Shale V V V V V THOLEIITIC BASALT — - sandy limestone VOLCANIC PROVENANCE | K-AR BIOTITE Dolomite, limestone 5 OFFSHORE ANTLER AND HA VALLAH INYO-WHITE MTS. — 3 i-Cfralnman. CARBONATES BASINAL SEDIMENTS (SEE SEDIMENTARY ROCK LITHOLOGIES) THRUST FAULT, BARBS ON UPPER PLATE K-AR HORNBLENDE Limestone turbidites/ BASINS A sandy limestone turbidites W ebb Fm.- REGION OFANTLER/HAVALLAH BASINS Joana Ls 13 TECTONIC TRANSPORT DIRECTION OF UPPER PLATE ROCKS U-PB ZIRCON ’"RMA 3 0 PLUTONIC AND ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS SHEEP-SPRING MTS. 1 4 SW UTAH - 2 (SEDIMENT TYPE SHOWN SCHEMATICALLY) ♦ IN D EX MAP Pilot Sh. D LAS VEGAS REGION RB-SR Manning Canyon Shale r s g r g a \ \ \ \ INTERMEDIATE TO FELSIC PLUTONS, WHERE SMALL ' / / / PENETRA TIVE DEFORMA TION AND METAMORPHISM Q Column numbers refer to ~f3 nfiniioJI I PILLOW LAVAS ✓ / / / / r E T T T N \ \ \ N (WR-MU)= WHOLE ROCK-MUSCOVITE COSUN A Project columns — 1 / / / / > SHOWN IN SOLID RED LINEAR DEPRESSION OR DEPOSITIONAL BASIN; LINEAR ARCH OR HIGH 2-POINT ISOCHRON (Hlntze, 1985) K aibab’ — w a W i V . ' " ^ Toroweap Toroweap Fm. —- u nam ed - Queantoweap\ GABBROIC PLUTONS AND ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS i t DENOTES AGES ON BLUESCHIST MINERALS IDAHO r o d .p e da LITHOLOGIC SYMBOLS REGIONS OF SUBAERIAL EXPOSURE DEATH VALLEY * l r r *ri : i pakoon -mm 0 K m ** Bird Spring Fm. Calvlllo '0.5 ISOPACHS SHOWN IN KM ta ran km qs "nod*vall RADIOLARIAN CHERT/ S a n ta R o sa Resting Spring H illa La. SHALE LIMESTONE TURBIDITES S s e Iva le n tln e NOTE: ACTIVE STRUCTURES SHOWN IN RED SR •'Perdido Fm. - Perdido Fm. S p u n am ' Dol. SIUCICLASTIC WESTERN LIMIT OF SHELF SEQUENCES Sittiohscn >Tln Ml. Ls. SHALE Dot ■ Tin Ml. La TURBIDITES Golconda MM '/Z Roberts Mts. CONGLOMERATE CALCAREOUS SANDSTONE ACTIVE OROGENIC TERRANES: METAMORPHISM, DEFORMATION J , INTRUSION thrust UPPER PALEOZOIC SHELF STRATIGRAPHY

GREAT BASIN REGION Sultan Group CLASTIC ROCKS, SHALLOW WATER EXPOSURES OF INACTIVE OROGENIC TERRANES

From Hlntze (198S) UNDIFFERENTIATED I CARBONATE PERMIAN (?)-TRIASSIC SUBDUCTION ZONE COMPLEXES

© 1991 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Published by: The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P. O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 Takla-Nicola arc Stikine ' Quesnel Slide Mtn approximate trace / (fragment of Slocan terrane of shoreline McCloud arc) Cache Crk Stikine Quesnel back-arc basin terrane Cache Crk. intra- and/or fore-arc

Sonom an collisional boundary & deformation Higham Grit

approximate trace of shoreline

McCloud segment of early Mesozoic proto-> continental arc Bridge River Izee- terrane a \ £ Baker inset ^ 1 , Cache Crk affinity terranes ^ Klamath inset Initiation of NNW-trending subduction-arc system

Insets showing critical age relations of Pm-Tri Insets showing thrusting & deformation forearc overlap \T~v \ 7 R W Mojave inset Candelaria relations across NW Permo-Triassic Pz. McCloud arc subduction complexes: Lw. Triassic Candelaria Fm. Izee-Baker Pm.(?) Diablo Fm. uplift of high PIT mm “Tethyan” lim estone Roberts Mtns. rocks by collision, diapirism ± extension blocks Change in allochthon _ Vester Fm. azimuth near Triassic-Jurassic Golconda allochthon boundary Azimuth and (J1 APW cusp) Last Chance rate poorly - r - Lw.-M. Tri. Union Wash. Fm, constrained y ,77 apparent overlap argillite & ' ophiolite Pm- ,ault h) serpentinite melange disrupted Pz. McCloud arc outer miogeocline Salinia quartzofeldspathic sands and carbonates late to post­ Klamath thrust backfold extension of Pm-Tri subduction complex Salinia initiation of up. Pz “Tethyan tarble-rich inner miogeocline Rattlesnake Crk. North Fork regional arc forearc igneous pendants E. Klamath . g r a b e n construct basin terrane SW Mojave Julian & k ^Pression Lw. Tri. Fairview Moenkopi Fm French Valley Fm. equivalent Valley schists

up. pG-Miss Permo-Triassic :ic E. Hayfork Salmon R, denudation of Stuart Fk. terrane miogeocline deformation melange melange terrane

D. MIDDLE JURASSIC (through Bathonian, 187-169 Ma) E. CALLOVIAN TO OXFORDIAN (169-156 Ma)______Stikin

Stikine Quesnel \ v i \ \ last remains of C ache Crk. c lo s u basin A\\\\ o f Bri R iver 1:1 b a sin apparent ^ ' w i waning of arc activity Insular \ ^ Rapid River thrust \ Superterrane Conner Crk. fault

Albion Toiyabe / $ Range uplift J W

j+ l Humboldt p o s s ib le midj to late p r ^ J i igneous I Willow Crk j l( Rangej) Bathonian forearc rifting . / * / *.L\ complex thrust ^ Siskiyou j thrust belt /1 ^(Klam ath L f inset) w estw ard ■ / S n a k e migration \\. *CiD* \ £ Range “ in arc o \ activity < 3 . (c h ) _ possible po ssib le \ clockwise \c lo c k w is e \b e n d in g ^ bending A-— deformation during o \ pre-Bathonian magmatic lull < % eastern Sierra' A.-C O Foothills suture thrust beltT 'c ? . i thrust remobiiizatiork & i - 2 approximate trace of shoreline

Options for Insular Superterrane: 1. m ig ra tio n a s Mogollan Insets showing fo re a rc microplats Highlands critical age renewed subsidence & along Cordilleran relations in voluminous volcanism m a rg in Siskiyou to Nevadan in arc graben depression 2. Exotic arc In itia l \ age thrusting & Bear Mtns ft. system traversing M 4 A proto-Pacific magmatism: m\\ Trigo Mtns b a s in dikexswarm Smartville V a ' \ y A N E W Kings , 165 Ma sequence 45 km/m.y. reverse ft. folds Nevadan 45 km/m.y. Kern Platea eastvergent shear zone thrust a rc g r a b e n ioz. Ma '158 Ma Fiddle Crk. d e p r e s s io n ^ Intrusives rooted Yuba R. complex Into Pz ophiolitic pluton melange basement possible ephemeral Bathonian volcanism sw n e P subchiction of young Eastern Sierra inset follows Aalenian- Klamath Relations between regional extension & localized backarc contraction > inter-ats basin floor Bajocian lull along rethrusting of extended Pm-Tri subduction complex vgk low magnitude strain relative to arc graben depression source for Nevadan flysch ^ younger foreland belt 160 Ma e. Klamath terrane miogeocline spread ng and then subduction linked to return flow . steeply- / , * a s s . 170 to 162 Ma s tre tc h e d - ' J - of wallrocks along back batholiths 162-167 Ma wallrock screens side of plutonic core

© 1992 The Geological Society of America, Inc.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 Early Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Western U.S. Cordillera

Jason Saleeby and Cathy Busby-Spera, with contributions from J.S. Oldow, G.C. Dunne, N.W. Walker, J.E. Wright. D.S. Cowan & R.W. Allmendinger Quesnel Compilation completed May 1990

Scale 1:4,500,000 (1 inch ' 90 mi)

0 1 0 0 2 0 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 km _J__ I . 1------—I------I______I____ I h — h — 1 I —H— —!“ Too 2 0 0 300 400 500 600 mi possible source region; for Navajo-Aztec-Nugget quartz sands to north EXPLANATION GENERAL TECTONIC DOMAINS Proto-Pacific ocean floor Backarc basin Subduction complex Plate interior region Forearc region Synorogenic basin Interarc basin Continental rift Fringing arc and/or forearc microplate Orogenic uplift Magmatic arc Low relief positive area Magmatic arc undergoing orogenic uplift and/or regional deformation No record

DEPOSITION AND PETROGENETIC SYMBOLS Deformation in Blue Mtns. SHALLOW WATER AND TERRESTRIAL DEPOSITION MAGMATIC ARC forearc linked to I Carbonates 1r Y * » v « J 1 Stikine migration i i Pillowed basalt and/or andesite A A A S/Or Sierran-Klamath L. l_ Evaporites A A A 4 Basaltic fragmentals ± flows forearc transtensioni ~ r Calcareous mud with silt ± sands A A A L Basaltic-andesite fragmentals ± flows 'H-'

1:1 Sands, silts and muds S i s Silicic ignimbrites ± flows Paralic sands m \ \ Mafic dikes O o O >~7‘ 'o’ o ' o ' Gravels and sands Volcaniclastic sediments ------A * A Volelcani$m suggested by regional patterns and Fluvial sands, silts, muds and gravels * A , uncderlymg pliSonism Eolian sands PLUTONIC ZONE APPARENTLY LACKING ASSOCIATED VOLCANISM BASINAL * y > Turbidites and basin floor argillites, x x Gabbro-diorite ± starved deposits Tonalite-granodiorite Deep water carbonates ± carbonate turbidites Granitic -JL I____ Siliceous oozes Gravels and pebbly muds ±olistostromes REGIONAL METAMORPHIC TECTONITES Ophiolitic melange DEVELOPING AT DEPTH (tectonic and/or sedimentary) greenschist amphibolite blueschist ± eclogite

ACTIVE PLATE BOUNDARIES AND STRUCTURES .A. Subduction zone Known or suspected major caldera structure(s) Collision zone Ductile deformation at depth Spreading center and related transforms Major anticline Major syncline Mogollan Sense of transform motion - Major fold system Highlands Strike-slip fault Major overturned fold(s) Normal fault Approximation of absolute plate motion Thrust fault Approximation of relative plate motion Major fault, kinematics unknown General tectonic transport direction

Kaweah Inset 1 \ ABBREVIATIONS showing critical relations arc graben x of King’s sequence forearc s ' B Bisbee KR Kings River RA Red Ant terrane basin strata with basement depression BR Benton Range M Mitchell RL Rimrock Lake assemblages and forearc volcanism: BV Butte Valley MM Marble Mtns. SB San Bernardino Mtns. SW CC Calaveras Complex Mir- Marblemount area SF Stuart Fork terrane Kaweah /Kings sequence \ CcM Chocolate Mtns. N Nogales SL Saddlebag Lake pendant forearc western eastern CH Confusion and House Ranges NF North Fork terrane SP Sequoia National Park igneous facies facies CM Condrey Mtn. NM Newfoundland Mtns. TR Toano Range EP NY WM White Mtns. construct schist Of El Paso Mtns. New York Mtns. GP Goddard pendant OM Ord Mtn. WP Walker Pass Sierra de Salinas KM Kennedy Meadows PF Pine Forest Range CODE FOR COLUMNAR SECTIONS GIVEN IN TEXT FIGURES

Figure 3 - Plate Interior Q Figure 5 - McCloud Segment of the 5. Western Hayfork Terrane Continental Arc o 6. Rattlesnake Creek Terrane 1. Zion-St. George possible initial Julian & 7. Fiddle Creek Terrane 2. Southeast Utah 1. Eastern Klamaths 8. Slate Creek Terrane encounter of Sfrench 3. Sevier Valley - Central Utah 2. Northern Sierra Insular 9. Smartville complex Valley 4. Currie Hills, Nevada 3. Yerington District 10. Lower American River Superterrane 5. Southeastern Idaho 4. Garfield Hills forearc microplate ^ schists 11. Cosumnes River 6. Wind River Basin - Central Wyoming 5. Pilot Mtns., Gabbs Valley Range, 12. Penon Blanco Formation Shoshone Mtns. 13. Sullivan Creek Terrane Figure 4 - Sialic Segment of the 6. Southern Pilot Mtns. 14. Kaweak River Continental Arc 7. Sand Springs Assemblage 8. Clan Alpine Range 15. Northern Great Valley F. KIMMERIDGIAN-TITHONIAN (156-144 Ma) 1. Ritter Range, Central Sierra 16. Southern Great Valley 9. Southern & West Humboldt Range 17. Point Sal /K\ Stikin 2. Southern Inyo Range and Alabama Hills 10. East and Tobin Ranges, Augusta Mtns. Quesne! 3. Soda Mtns. Cowhole-Old Dad Mtns. 11. Jackson Range and Black Rock Desert 18. Northern Penninsular Ranges f 30° N 4. Mescal Range, Spring Mtns. and eastern post-orogenic 12. Izee Terrane Mojave Desert 13. Olds Ferry Terrane Figure 7 - Insular Suture Belt extension and/or 5. West-central Mojave Desert transtension 14. Okanogon Highlands 1. Vancouver Island 6. Southeast California and Southwest Arizona 15. Northeast Washington 2. San Juan Islands 7. Santa Rita Mtns., Baboquivari Mtns., 3. West Cascade Foothills Cobre Ridge, Pajarito Mtns., Canelo Hills Figure 6 - Fringing Terranes 4. North Cascades 8. Boyden Cave, Central Sierra 5. Mt. Stuart 9. Mineral King, South-Central Sierra 1. Oregon Coast S ------. . ------. ------6. Hozomeen Mountain — .. — .. _ 10. Southern Sierra Nevada composite 2. Rogue River 7. Methow Valley 3. Josephine Ophiolite 8. Wallowa Terrane 4. Preston Peak

...... ------. • — ...... L6 ] G. CRETACEOUS Paris- major structures and tectonic domains — . _ _ . . _ x Willard :. . . ' ‘ earliest Cretaceous (144-130 Ma) mid-Cretaceous (110-90 Ma) ' ■thrust...... — .. — .

Madstone . 25° thrust Cache Stikine Crk. Kootenay------• ------• • — Slide Mtn L ^ r - Quesnel

Orleans ft.

Taylorsville thrust I

remains of arc graben k depression E&>/ east Sierra e a stw a rd P ^ t h m s t thrusting of \(i) 7^V Nsystem Coast Range ophiolite (Great / Valley inset) r possible relative r motion with r Farallon Plate n

Insets showing NW directed acceleration h Crilrn rgn U S. U. Orogen: CordilleranThe o. - o Te elg o Nrh mrc (GNA-G3) America North of Geology The of Vol. G-3 thrust relations oblique ~ / Cordillera S. U. Western the of Evolution Tectonic Mesozoic Early 5.Plate McCoy during of late Jurassic basin Kimmeridgian s p r e a d in g ophiolites: (J2 APW cusp) \ a lo n g Great Valley 200 km/m.y. dDS/erra J S W ^ V \ N e v a d a up. Kim. obduction of v t \ \ batholith/ VX Knoxville Coast Range o p h io lite

1 / 1

Iw. Kim. Picketi Great Valley Galice/ Pk. late Nevadan Great \ ' in tera rc Mariposa defoliation subduction n V Valley basin floor flysch \ forearcy Western Klamaths > basin\ V SE Galice flysch ^ 150 to 145 Ma approach of orogenic highlands approx. Marin Headlands 153 to 149Ma M. Jur. arc wl shoreline terrane on Rattlesnake Crk. Farallon Plate (hot) 160 Ma mm ^ & local anatexis Pickett Pk. arc activity subduction sta rts in &l or collision of Insular Tithonian Siperterrane Josephine ophiolite

Published by: The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 T T ~ T ~ T “ I” t LATE CRETACEOUS TO EARLY EOCENE GEOLOGY 90 85 80 75 7 0 65 60 5 5 50 AGE (Ma) _L_ _L_ _l__ _L_ _ l_ __L_ _L_ _1_ OF THE UNITED STATES CORDILLERA CRETACEOUS TERTIARY PERIOD Paleocene Eocene Late EPOCH Early Late Early Middle e 03 c s • c T 3 3 By 3 3 c * r-H C • H • 1—4 O i cd O • fh 3 Santonian Campanian Maastrichtian £ CA C cd Peninsular Ranges terrane (nonmarine to deep marine) t. IE u CA a> Franciscan terranes (deep marine) a CQ CA Coast Range basalts ( Ore. & Wash.A 3 C O (_ .2 ______translation and accretion______** 3 c u O 7 Gold Beach terrane u J 3 9 a 4 - 1 _L translation _L accretion u J= r c d u Salinian terrane T o 7 7 ■a translation accretion c w Transverse Ranges translation accretion C

7 Peninsular Ranges 7 7 translation _cd _L _ i_ accretion _L " c a C Franciscan terranes cd translation and accretion

Southern continuation of Great Valley forearc basin and Franciscan terranes a> C i detatchment and translation cd PACIFIC I Northern continuation of Ochoco forearc basin and accretionary wedge u .

Methow Chuckanut and Swauk basins CA dcanics V basin (nonmarine) (J 3 Ochoco forearc basin 1 Coast Ranges a> 7 (Ore. & Wash.) 3 (nonmarine to deep marine) O' _L forearc basins cu 1 !'(deep marine)' CA 7 CA Hornbrook forearc basin (nonmarine to deep marine) 3 O C (deep to shallow marine) ( )(shallow marine)^ ) faulting) (chiefly shallow marine)^ \ marine) JS o u (shallow o cd cd San Joaquin Basin 4 - 1

M ojave / Basin and Range ^to adeeD (nonmarine to / ) . \ I shallow marine! / marine) Franciscan sedimentation, melange-formation, thrusting, and metamorphism E CA , . .• cooling of the SW portion plutonism and metamorphism of the NE portion cooling of the NE portion *3 ^plutons ' of the north Cascade Rjnge of the north Cascade Range 0f the north Cascade Range O •••• u cu Peninsular Ranges and ■ tectonic uplift and unroofing H Sierra Nevada batholiths : unroofing? H ------1------h * - + \ ( Eastern Nevada \ f Colorado ( lviineral belt 1 ( N(peraluminous plutons) (intermedi ate intrusive and extrusive rocksj _ _ Last plutons over entire length batholith (peraluminous) of Cordilleran magmatic arc are \ BoulderBoul and Challis Volcanics ______dJ li.Q n e e r batholithsj emplaced; subsequent plutonism MAGMATIC ARC North Cascades j mostly in north and south / .SE Califoarma .r . . (peral uminousnnous and metaluminous) portions of former arc (metaluminous) | Arizona j ? (peralumino is) —I------*— I I strain and high-P metamorphism of Orocopia cooling I Schist; overthrust by continent |-~ SONORAN Old Woman bel, ...... folding and McCoy Mts. Formation - synorogenic elastics AND ' m M - ...... t> cooling rapid cooling y . •■O ...... O -I Mule MOJAVE ^metamorphism r M t s . t metamorphism, NE thrusting of (late) veimcut DESERTS crystalline sheets tectonic tectpjiites

Arizona J Leatherwood suite T \ / REGION E-thrusting, metamorphism in Catalina complex ' Wildeilderness | _ s usuite i ■H------1------1------1------sparse eastern Neyada ' peraluminous plutons

■a 3 / Cooling of Metamorphic Belt 3 cu Death Valle;/ area^ 9 Fish Creek Range thrusts 4 - 1 3 Newark Canyon Formation (intermontane basin) Sheep Pass Formation (intermontane) X O’ Witnet and Goler basins Muddy Mts. - Glendale thrusts. , , . . . IT , CORDILLERAN ■=■ r~^ i r^= ... ------<<=»minor thrusts and syntectonic sediments in Utah Southern - THRUST BELT early Absaroka thrust late Absaroka thrust "Hogsback and-----;—r o> JS Mt. Raymond thrust Darby thrusts <^_arge Central Charleston-Nebo thrust thrust CA 3 detritus from thrusts in tu Sapphire thrust system Beaverhead Formation JS

th^rust^syTtem youHgest youngest thrusts 3 r, . . i i Montana thrusts . T_, .. Northern s |Elkhornl in Helena Salient o Voilcanici u burial ages fof Lewis and Hoadley thrusts Ui Steinbach thrust thrusts east of Steinbach 1------+ T + syntectonic conglomerate, Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift EXPLANATION Green River Formation 2 - £ f Sedim entary rocks (middle to early Eocene and late Paleocene) C o n ta c t western Wyoming basins second q Q . r (fluvial and ® s £ pulse of H n n eastern Wyoming lacustrine) Sedimentary rocks (early Paleocene and Late Cretaceous) Strike-slip fault sedimentation I 9 o basins o 3 Cd o•— 2O n s Sedimentary rocks (early Eocene to Late Cretaceous) A A Thrust fault ►-i M 5 2 o p < < S 5 o . 1 Colorado ® o ® Volcanic rocks (early Eocene to Late Cretaceous) Blind thrust fault > CA unconformity in' V ' i l -S1 n ' s r 2 . f s 2 . o p Coalmont basin basins ROCKY 3 Granite (Paleocene and Late Cretaceous) 1------A n t ic lin e > I g5 P o MOUNTAIN a m S 1 1 1 o 1— 2. * 2 Metamorphic rocks (Mesozoic to Proterozoic protoliths)--Metamorphosed 3 S e « - Monocline 3 p New Mexico basins FORELAND O 5® in Late Cretaceous event t —t 2 . J 0 ( - 4 5 ’ z era s r CD > f 1 1 1 M argin of allochthonous terran e—Inboard side of blocks moved hundreds to 1 o o c r o Metamorphic rocks (Mesozoic to Proterozoic protoliths)—Metamorphosed thousands of kilometers northward or emplaced as accretionary wedges in -Ul p a* CA ft during Mesozoic thermal event and cooled during Late Cretaceous time Late Cretaceous to early Eocene or younger time 5 ' minor basins near basins along margin and on Colorado Plateau s post-Cretaceous O San Rafael Swell H ft 1 2 ° 3 o a Tectonic rotation—Sense, amount, and timing of rotation indicated where known P 3 £> 3 x P Uinta and Piceance basins Translation of major tectonic block on Q."1 60 to 120km NNE translation of Colorado Plateau f t 65 few sediments, SE Arizona magmatism mics I T " i "T" 9 0 85 80 7 5 7 0 65 60 55 50 AGE (Ma) _L_ _L_ _L_ _L_ i

1991 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Published by: The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P. O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 Eroding

1 \ " S S t O y - /upland 55-43 Ma 43-37 Ma 37-28 Ma \ ^

Vancouver Vancouver Eroding Plate Plate V/ upland Alluvial

basins Declining Challis-Belt magmatic V Rhyolite- John Day centers y x trachyandesite Clarno ------Basin /> / p centers (and — Basin —/J minor extension) Foreland alkalic Rhyolite- \ ! magmatic Trachyandesite I center centers I y Sierra-Wasatch Lakes Magmatic Zone

Eroding Foreland alkalic upland magmatic centers^

I//J /Foreland Alluvial basins Alluvial alkalic basins magmatit Vancouver ■ P/centers Vancouver Plate S/e/ra Madre-f/oTorab° Vancouver Foreland

Plate alkalic f r a c t u r e magmatic centers Poway source Pacific M e / / / Plate Pacific Plate Farallon Plate

21-17 Ma

Juan \ de Fuca Extensional Extensional Plate j basins and Columbia $ / basins and rhyolite- rhyolite- Plateau ■ O / Qj < : / c$y trachyandesite Columbia River trachyandesite centers centers

John Day Basin Dike swarms

Rhyolite- , Rhyolite- i Oregon \%Y. trachyandesite trachyandesite Plateaus „ 'centers— / centers— L

Broad extensional j Dike swarms and rift zbne /Foreland basins alkalic magmatic centers/2 Static zone

Amagmatic corridor

Broad Mendocino Mendocino Y $ extensional FractuFe'Zone^ Mendocino Fracture Zone F ra c tu re / basins Mojave Desert

/ y ) rar> Volcanic Zone

Pacific Plate Pacific Plate Pacific Plate E of this ivera line, mafic \ I ’late andesites and basalts after 26 Ma Rivera Plate

Alluvial basin

Alluvial basins

Folds and Arrows in Idaho and Oregon reverse faults show age progessions of / Columbia silicic volcanism during this Alluvial Plateau v time period. basins

Brothers Fault E. Snake River Plain / Zone

Owyhee' ■ • P la te a u // /

Basin-range Basin-range < extension// /extension/ Basin-Range /extension/.

Mendocino Fracture Zone o. - o Te elg o Nrh mrc (GNA-G3) America North of Geology The of G-3 Vol. h Crilrn rgn U.S. Orogen: CordilleranThe Rio Grande features igneous and sedimentary, tectonic, mqjor Post-Laramide 7. Plate Rift

Basin-range / extension / Pacific Plate Basin-range /extension/

Abyssal Sea

H Post-Laramide major tectonic, sedimentary, and igneous features in the U.S. Cordillera

by R. L. Christiansen

Approximate distribution of major tectonic, sedimentary, and igneous features in the U.S. Cordilleran region during several post-Laramide time periods. Diagonal ruling indicates regions of tectonic extensions. Most tectonic extensions and rotations are not restored in the base maps, but translation along tthe San Andreas

fault and rotation of the Transverse Ranges of California are restored approximately. Plate-tectonic features in the Pacific Ocean basin from Stock aind Molnar (1988) and Atwater (1989).

© 1992 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Published by: The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation

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Strongly extended domain

CONFUSION Stable block

Proximal boundary to strongly extended domain (breakaway zone) arrows show average regional extension direction

Distal boundary to strongly extended domain

Contour of regional elevation, in 100's of meters above sea level (from Diment and Urban, 1981)

Lines of geologic sections shown in Figures 4 and 7 h Crilrn rgn U.S. Orogen: CordilleranThe extension crustal upper strong of Areas 8. Plate o. - o Te elg o Nrh mrc (GNA-G3) America North of Geology The of G-3 Vol.

© 1992 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Published by: The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140 ; Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 blueschist - eclogite

prehnite- pumpellyite granuli

zeolite

hornfels

Temperature in °C

I

Great Salt Lake r*

\

\ i \ i

X T"

I 1 i 1 i \ i \

ultramafic rocks

Salton Sea \

N h Crilrn rgn Cnemnu U.S. Conterminous States United Orogen: Conterminous Cordilleran The Western the of Map Metamorphic Preliminary 9. Plate o. - o Te elg o Nrh mrc (GNA-G3) America North of Geology The of G-3Vol.

B . AGES OF METAMORPHISM A. METAMORPHIC FACIES

Preliminary Metamorphic Map of the Western Conterminous United States

W. G. Ernst, compiler School of Earth Sciences Stanford University Published by: The Geological Society of America, Inc. < 1991 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Stanford, California 94305-2210 3300 Penrose Place, P. O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology

Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/990138/9780813754550_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 Balanced and restored cross sections across the Cordilleran Thrust Belt compiled by R. W. Allmendinger w A. Southern Canada - Northwest Montana (after Bally, 1984)

km 50

B. Western Wyoming - Southeast Idaho (after Bally, 1984, based on sections by Royse and others, 1975)

C. Western Wyoming - Northern Utah (after Bally, 1984, based on sections by Royse and others, 1975) Willard thr- Wasatch fault h Crilrn rgn Cnemnu U.S. Conterminous Orogen: CordilleranThe gap in reconstruction gap in reconstruction gap in reconstruction (GNA-G3) America North of Geology The of G-3 Vol. Belt Thrust Cordilleran the across Sections Cross Restored and Balanced 10. Plate

% V ' V' V ' V' V ' V ' V ' V ' V *'' *''' *''"' '"'"'' ”'' y ''%/' 'S/ ' x/ ' ,'S "''S 'S* V' V ‘ - '* x \'1'"'' ' ' V' V ' V ' V ' V ''7 'Y '" ' "' I'' I'' I" ' * • » ' * /' * /' - ^ ^ / ' - /' ' * •» * ' ' ' ' ' ' * V' S ' v ' V ' Y • V' Y' Y»'' ’» '-•** * - ' ' •'' • v '• 1 • V ' V ' V ' ”' I* 'I" I' * '"I' 'I ',,',, x ' > ' > 'V'V'V'V'' >V'V' '"'"I;''"''' * \ ' s t • a N / ^ ‘ - V ,V 'Y '-Y '/y'V , 'V/'V/'Vz ' V / ' V ' '-V ' " ' " ' " ' ' ' * * ' * ^ Explanation D. Central Utah p ' o ° o ° 0 Tertiary & Quaternary deposits ° 0 a ! O & n (post-thrust movement) (unpublished, section by R. Allmendinger and J. Sharp) Cretaceous & Tertiary deposits 10 (synorogenic strata)

Triassic and Jurassic strata

Paleozoic strata (mostly miogeoclinal carbonates)

Precambrian-Cambrian clastic • • • • • • • • • • • strata (syn-rift deposits)

Precambrian basement

fault with sense of movement reactivated fault gap in reconstruction restored thrust fault trace restored normal fault trace

restored reactivated fault trace ~ ■'■ t * -'' * * - *' ‘ -'' ~ ~ ~ ■ '

borehole control online of section The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P. O. Box 9140 © 1990 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Boulder, Colorado 80301 A publication of the Decade of North American Geology Project, which is funded, in part, by the G.S.A. Foundation

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