58 History and Chronology
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The Siege of Fort Beauséjour by Chris M. Hand Notes
1 The Siege of Fort Beauséjour by Chris M. Hand Notes Early Conflict in Nova Scotia 1604-1749. By the end of the 1600’s the area was decidedly French. 1713 Treaty of Utrecht After nearly 25 years of continuous war, France ceded Acadia to Britain. French and English disagreed over what actually made up Acadia. The British claimed all of Acadia, the current province of New Brunswick and parts of the current state of Maine. The French conceded Nova Scotia proper but refused to concede what is now New Brunswick and northern Maine, as well as modern Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton. They also chose to limit British ownership along the Chignecto Isthmus and also harboured ambitions to win back the peninsula and most of the Acadian settlers who, after 1713, became subjects of the British Crown. The defacto frontier lay along the Chignecto Isthmus which separates the Bay of Fundy from the Northumberland Strait on the north. Without the Isthmus and the river system to the west, France’s greatest colony along the St. Lawrence River would be completely cut off from November to April. Chignecto was the halfway house between Quebec and Louisbourg. 1721 Paul Mascarene, British governor of Nova Scotia, suggested that a small fort could be built on the neck with a garrison of 150 men. a) one atthe ridge of land at the Acadian town of Beaubassin (now Fort Lawrence) or b) one more west on the more prominent Beauséjour ridge. This never happened because British were busy fighting Mi’kmaq who were incited and abetted by the French. -
Fort Beausejour National Historic Park Aulac, New Brunswick Canada
Fort Beausejour National Historic Park Aulac, New Brunswick Canada Issued under the authority of the HONOURABLE ARTHUR LAING, P.C., M.P., B.S.A. Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Original Earthen Bastion of French Period Fort Beausejour National Historic Park Aulac, New Brunswick At the middle of the 18th century the dividing line between French and British influence in Acadia lay along the Missaguash River, one of the four rivers that drain the southern slope of the Isthmus of Chignecto. In 1710 New England militiamen and British regulars had captured the French Port Royal, thus in one engagement effecting the conquest of the Nova Scotia main- land. The Treaty of Utrecht, concluded three years later, formally transferred Acadia to Great Britain. But what was Acadia? The British hopefully believed parts of what is now New Brunswick were included. The French, confident that they would soon win back the Nova Scotia mainland, could not consider such a broad definition of the geographical limits of Acadia. They were determined to hold as much ground as they could. Time seemed to be in their favor. Against the weak and ill-disciplined garrison at Annapolis Royal and the few detachments occupying isolated posts in the peninsula, the French could send Indian raiding parties. While the British struggled against the harassments of the Indians, the population of Acadia—over whelmingly French—could be provoked to at least passive resistance against their alien conquerors. French power preserved at the Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island and at the settlements of New France along the St. -
Referral for Kidney Transplantation in Canadian Provinces
CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY www.jasn.org Referral for Kidney Transplantation in Canadian Provinces S. Joseph Kim,1,a John S. Gill,2,3,a Greg Knoll,4,5 Patricia Campbell,6 Marcelo Cantarovich,7 Edward Cole ,1 and Bryce Kiberd8 1University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 2University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 3Division of Nephrology, Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, Canada; 4University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; 5Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; 6University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 7McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and 8Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada ABSTRACT Background Patient referral to a transplant facility, a prerequisite for dialysis-treated patients to access kidney transplantation in Canada, is a subjective process that is not recorded in national dialysis or trans- plant registries. Patients who may benefit from transplant may not be referred. Methods In this observational study, we prospectively identified referrals for kidney transplant in adult patients between June 2010 and May 2013 in 12 transplant centers, and linked these data to information on incident dialysis patients in a national registry. Results Among 13,184 patients initiating chronic dialysis, the cumulative incidence of referral for trans- plant was 17.3%, 24.0%, and 26.8% at 1, 2, and 3 years after dialysis initiation, respectively; the rate of transplant referral was 15.8 per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval, 15.1 to 16.4). Transplant re- ferral varied more than three-fold between provinces, but it was not associated with the rate of deceased organ donation or median waiting time for transplant in individual provinces. -
Emergence and Progression of Acadian Ethnic and Political Identities
Emergence and Progression of neutrality, environmental and ecological Acadian Ethnic and Political factors, and the colonial past of the Aca- Identities: Alliance and Land- dian peoples, including the Deportation and nationalistic Renaissance, I must em- Based Inter-Peoples Relations in phasize that there were two distinctive po- Early Acadia to Today litical periods in the pre-Deportation era: one of sharing and one of taking. The dif- Katie K. MacLeod ference between these two political periods is clearly outlined by John Borrows in his Introduction discussion of the Treaty at Niagara: This article examines the develop- ment of Acadian ethnic and political iden- In early stages of First Nation/Set- tities through an analysis of alliance and re- tler association, the English failed lations of sharing with the Mi'kmaq and op- to comprehend some of the diplo- position and relations of taking with British matic fundamentals that First Na- colonizers. It also seeks to build an under- tions required in the definition of standing of how land-based identities in the their constitutional relationship. past influenced the development of these One example of the British failure peoples. With a focus on the Acadian peo- in this regard concerned the presen- ples, I provide an ethnohistorical investiga- tation of gifts. The French had fol- tion into the aspects of this identity which lowed the diplomatic formalities were borrowed from, added to, or disrupted which formalized First Na- by, these inter-peoples relations with the tions/Settler relations and were thus Mi’kmaq and the British. Exploring politi- able to maintain peace by supplying cal and ethnohistorical interpretations from gifts to all their First Nation allies. -
The 1711 Expedition to Quebec: Politics and the Limitations
THE 1711 EXPEDITION TO QUEBEC: POLITICS AND THE LIMITATIONS OF GLOBAL STRATEGY IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE ADAM JAMES LYONS A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham December 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT To mark the 300th anniversary of the event in question, this thesis analyses the first British attempt to conquer the French colonial city of Quebec. The expedition was a product of the turbulent political environment that was evident towards the end of the reign of Queen Anne. Its failure has consequently proven to be detrimental to the reputations of the expedition‘s commanders, in particular Rear-Admiral Sir Hovenden Walker who was actually a competent and effective naval officer. True blame should lie with his political master, Secretary of State Henry St John, who ensured the expedition‘s failure by maintaining absolute control over it because of his obsession with keeping its objective a secret. -
The Politics of Selection: the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada and the Imperial Commemoration of Canadian History, 1919-1950 Yves Yvon J
Document generated on 10/02/2021 10:28 a.m. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association Revue de la Société historique du Canada The Politics of Selection: The Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada and the Imperial Commemoration of Canadian History, 1919-1950 Yves Yvon J. Pelletier Volume 17, Number 1, 2006 Article abstract This article is a preliminary inquiry into the selection process used by the URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/016105ar Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC) in making its DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/016105ar recommendations for the national historic significance of sites, events and individuals between 1919 and 1950. It argues that, while the HSMBC was See table of contents composed of dedicated and leading figures in the field of Canadian history, Board members operated for its first 30 years almost exclusively as a Victorian gentlemen’s club, without a system of checks and balances. The ideological Publisher(s) dominance of the British imperial mindset influenced Board members’ field of historical interests as well as their recommendation for national historic The Canadian Historical Association/La Société historique du Canada designations of sites, events or individuals. These points will be illustrated by examining the origins and the operations of the HSMBC between 1919 and ISSN 1950, and the recommendations for national historic designation presented to the HSMBC by two prominent Board members: Brigadier General Ernest 0847-4478 (print) Cruikshank and Dr. John Clarence Webster. 1712-6274 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Pelletier, Y. Y. J. (2006). The Politics of Selection: The Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada and the Imperial Commemoration of Canadian History, 1919-1950. -
Fort Beauséjour National Park Museum CATALOGUE of EXHIBITS
CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS IN THE Fort Beauséjour National Park Museum CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS IN THE Fort Beauséjour National Park Museum PREPARED BY J. C. WEBSTER, C.M.G., M.D., D.Sc. LL.D., F.R.S.C. Member of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada HONORARY CURATOR DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND RESOURCES HON. T. A. CRERAR. Minister CHARLES CAMSELL, Deputy Minister LANDS, PARKS AND FORESTS BRANCH R. A. GIBSON, Director NATIONAL PARKS BUREAU F. H. H. WILLIAMSON, Controller OTTAWA, CANADA 43910—U FORT BEAUSËJOUR NATIONAL PARK NEW BRUNSWICK Introduction HE site of old Fort Beauséjour, located on the long ridge between the Aulac and Missaguash rivers, and over Tlooking Chignecto Bay, forms one of the most interest ing historical places in New Brunswick. The fort was originally constructed by the French between 1751 and 1755 on the orders of de la Jonquière, Governor of Canada, as a counter defence against the English Fort Lawrence, which stood on a parallel ridge about a mile and half to the south east. It derived its name from an early settler, Laurent Chatillon, surnamed Beauséjour, after whom the southern end of the ridge had been named Pointe-à-Beauséjour. In 1755, before its actual completion, Fort Beauséjour was attacked by an expedition from Boston under the com mand of Colonel the Honourable Robert Monckton. Landing at the mouth of the Missaguash river, the English force, which numbered about 2,000 New Englanders, encamped at Fort Lawrence before marching on the fort, being joined there by 300 British regulars. Following the capture of an outpost at Pont à Buot, heavy guns and mortars were landed from the boats, gun-emplacements were dug over 800 yards north of the fort, and a heavy fire was opened on the fortifi cations by the batteries. -
Appendix to "The Acadian Refugee Camp on the Miramichi, 1756-1761"
List of Refugee Acadian Households at Camp Espérance on the Miramichi, 1756-1757 Appendix to "The Acadian Refugee Camp on the Miramichi, 1756-1761" by Ronnie-Gilles LeBlanc English translation & glossary of place names by John Estano DeRoche See a glossary of PLACE NAMES after the lists of households Columns in the Lists of Households 1. Surname of husband or male individual. (In the rare cases of a single woman alone, her names are in cols. 1 & 2.) Also, “dit” indicates a nickname. 2. His given name, with his code number in Stephen A. White’s Dictionnaire généalogique des familles acadiennes (DGFA); & in parentheses, his father, ditto. 3. Surname of wife. (In the rare cases of a single woman alone, her subsequent husband might be named here.) 4. Her given name; and in parentheses, her father’s given name & his code # in White’s DGFA. (Note: “Isabelle” and “Élisabeth” were interchangeable.) 5. Date and place of marriage if known. The letter “c” (for “circa”) indicates an estimate of the year. Many place names had multiple spellings, in both English & French. Some of those are provided in the glossary of “Places”, below. In all cases, mention of a 2nd or 3rd marriage refers to the man; instances of a woman’s remarriage are not entered in this table 6. Place of origin of the household (or of the man), before displacement. 7. Number of persons in the household in the 1754/55 census of Beaubassin & of the Memramcook, Petitcodiac, & Shepody River communities. A zero means the household was not counted in that census. -
A History of the German Immigration to New York in 1710
5clr\oe.pperle A H»«!)torvOf The Qxrman Immiqration To lNi«vM YorK In \X\0 1 A HISTORY OF THE GERMAN IMMIGRATION TO NEW YORK IN 1710 BY HELEN KATHERINE SCHOEPPERLE A. B. University of Illinois, 1915 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1916 1^1^ I o CM UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE GRADUATE SCHOOL I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Katherine Schoepperle ENTITLED A History of the German Iinmigration to mew York in 17L0 BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts in History In Charge of Major Work Head of Department Recommendation concurred in: Committee on Final Examination . A HIoTORY O'F^ THE GRmiMI IMP.TIGRATION TO NSW YORK IN 1710. IntroduG tion • The ';7ar of the Spanish .'^Ticcession and Gonditions in England at the beginning of the 18th Century, I, The iilmigrat ion from the Rhine Country. 1. Niimhers. 2. Duration and efforts to check emigration. 3, Territory from which the emigrants c *.me 4, Character. II. Conditions 'J^hich were Conducive to Emigration. 1. Social and economic. 2, Religious. III. Special inducements to Emigration. 1. Kocherthal's Party, 2. Kocherthal's Boarjk: with Letter. 3. Other literature . 4. The spread of Literature. 5. The activity of agents. 6. The 'v^'hig principles of government, and the IJatural- ization Act, 17. The Germans in England. 1. Reception and treatment. 2. The attemot to settle them in iiJngland. -
Acadian Exiles: a Chronicle of the Land of Evangeline Arthur G
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine History Documents Special Collections 1922 Acadian Exiles: a Chronicle of the Land of Evangeline Arthur G. Doughty Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistory Part of the History Commons Repository Citation Doughty, Arthur G., "Acadian Exiles: a Chronicle of the Land of Evangeline" (1922). Maine History Documents. 27. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistory/27 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History Documents by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHRONICLES OF CANADA Edited by George M. Wrong and H. H. Langton In thirty-two volumes 9 THE ACADIAN EXILE BY ARTHUR G. DOUGHTY Part III The English Invasion IN THE PARISHCHURCH AT GRAND PRE, 1755 From a colour drawing by C.W. Jefferys THE ACADIAN EXILES A Chronicle of the Land of Evangeline BY ARTHUR G. DOUGHTY TORONTO GLASGOW, BROOK & COMPANY 1922 Copyright in all Countries subscribing to the Berne Conrention TO LADY BORDEN WHOSE RECOLLECTIONS OF THE LAND OF EVANGELINE WILL ALWAYS BE VERY DEAR CONTENTS Paee I. THE FOUNDERS OF ACADIA . I II. THE BRITISH IN ACADIA . 17 III. THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE . 28 IV. IN TIMES OF WAR . 47 V. CORNWALLIS AND THE ACADIANS 59 VI. THE 'ANCIENT BOUNDARIES' 71 VII. A LULL IN THE CONFLICT . 83 VIII. THE LAWRENCE REGIME 88 IX. THE EXPULSION . 114 X. THE EXILES . 138 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE . 162 INDEX 173 ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE PARISH CHURCH AT GRAND PRE, 1758 . -
The Acadians the Acadians, Their Culture and Their Influence on Mount Desert
24 The Acadians The Acadians, Their Culture and Their Influence on Mount Desert Edited by Anne Mazlish* Origins of Acadia There are two theories regarding the origin of the name "Acadie" or "Acadia." One attributes it to the explorer Verrazano, who in 1524 named the coastline of the present-day Middle Atlantic states "Arcadie," in remembrance of a land of beauty and innocence celebrated in classical Greek poetry. The name "Arcadie" (with an "r") appears on various sixteenth-century maps of the east coast of North America and has been accepted by many historians as being the origin of the name "Acadie." The romantic associations of the term "Arcadie" likely explain why this theory has been widely published and is even found in recent scholarly works.1 The more plausible theory is that "Acadie" derives from a Micmac word rendered in French as "cadie," meaning a piece of land, generally with a favorable connotation.2 The word "-cadie" is found in many present-day place names such as Tracadie and Shubenacadie in the Canadian Mari times and Passamaquoddy, an English corruption of Passamacadie. Virtually all French references to Acadia from the time of the first significant contacts with the Micmacs use the form without the "r," "Acadie." The cartographic use of "Arcadie" for various parts of the east of eastern North America may have prepared the way for the acceptance of "cadie" from its Micmac source.3 Maine Acadian identity has evolved over several hundred years in response to changing political, economic, and social circumstances. While some aspects of their heritage are shared with other Acadian groups in North America, Maine Acadians maintain a distinctive ethnic culture of their own. -
Use of GIS and High Resolution Lidar in Salt Marsh Restoration Site Suitability Assessments in the Upper Bay of Fundy, Canada
Use of GIS and high resolution LiDAR in salt marsh restoration site suitability assessments in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada K. Millard, A. M. Redden, T. Webster & H. Stewart Wetlands Ecology and Management ISSN 0923-4861 Wetlands Ecol Manage DOI 10.1007/s11273-013-9303-9 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Wetlands Ecol Manage DOI 10.1007/s11273-013-9303-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Use of GIS and high resolution LiDAR in salt marsh restoration site suitability assessments in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada K. Millard • A. M. Redden • T. Webster • H. Stewart Received: 18 June 2012 / Accepted: 2 April 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract Salt marshes exhibit striking vegetation the DEM of the reference marsh and applied to the zonation corresponding to spatially variable elevation DEM of the restoration sites to determine the percent- gradients which dictate their frequency of inundation age area of each site that would be immediately by the tides.