Pos(EPS-HEP2017)142 Oscillations Mediated by Possible E Ν → Μ Ν ∗† Filippo.Varanini@Pd.Infn.It Speaker

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PoS(EPS-HEP2017)142 https://pos.sissa.it/ oscillations mediated by possible e ν → µ ν ∗† [email protected] Speaker. On behalf of the ICARUS collaboration. The ICARUS-T600 detector, the first large-scale liquidLNGS Argon laboratory, TPC, detecting took both data in CNGS the beam underground rity and of atmospheric the neutrinos, LAr-TPC proving technology. the A full sensitive search matu- for eV-scale sterile neutrinos, as observed bying parameter LSND, space. allowed to A dedicated strongly short-baseline constrainICARUS-T600 experiment will the (SBN) act correspond- with as three far LAr-TPCs, detector,by where is searching in for preparation sterile neutrino at oscillations, FNAL both to in will appearance fully and address disappearance. this issue † ∗ Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons c Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). INFN Sezione di Padova E-mail: EPS-HEP 2017, European Physical Society conference5-12 on July High 2017 Energy Physics Venice, Italy Filippo Varanini The ICARUS experiment PoS(EPS-HEP2017)142 s µ os- e ν 17 GeV, → 6 mm/ . ∼ µ 1 500 CNGS ν 15% average ∼ ∼ Filippo Varanini ∼ 20 parts per tril- ∼ ]. This will permit a very 2 cm observed non-planarity of ∼ ) is one of the most innovative and effec- residual concentration of beam from CERN (average energy 2 ) and as a homogeneous calorimeter, allowing to µ 3 ν 1 LAr-TPC mm ∼ ). After correcting for the 1 -scale resolution (the wire pitch is 3 mm). The charge signal on ] is composed by two identical and independent modules housing mm 1 ∼ 500 V/cm) allows drifting ionization electrons with velocity ∼ ). The measurement of three independent 2D projections, therefore, results in a full ]. ◦ 3 60 E(GeV) for high-energy electromagnetic showers. ± , √ ◦ / The ICARUS detector [ The liquid Argon time projection chamber ( 3% 730 km distance) detecting also atmospheric neutrinos. This successful data-taking run matched muons, interacting in the upstreammentum rock and with stopping calorimetry in the (Figure detector, by comparing the MCS mo- 2. The ICARUS-T600 detector ∼ the expected detector performance, confirming the fullprovided maturity relevant of physics the results, LAr-TPC especially technology; in itcillations. the also search for sterile neutrinos through precise calorimetric measurement of the energy∼ of contained particles, with aMomentum typical of resolution non-contained of muons ististically measured analyzing by track multiple deflection Coulomb angles, scatteringmeasurement (MCS), which algorithm by are has sta- inversely been proportional validated to in momentum. the few-GeV/c This range on a sample of the TPC cathode, that distortsagree on the average drift within the field, errors, theresolution confirming in the MCS viability the and of 1-5 calorimetric the GeV/c measurement. estimatesmomentum range A [ of has momentum been determined, depending on the muon track length and accurately reconstruct a wide varietylarge-scale of LAr-TPC, events with with a complex total topology. mass ofLNGS ICARUS-T600 760 laboratory is t; in the it Italy, first took exposed data to from the 2010 CNGS to 2013 in the underground tive detection technologies in neutrino and nucleonimaging decay device physics; with it excellent works at granularity the ( same time as a 3D two TPCs with a commonwithin central the cathode chambers ( and a drift length of 1.5 m. The uniform electric field the last (Collection) wire-plane ismeasurement proportional of to particle energy. the The depositeda LAr energy, scintillation fast permitting light a signal in calorimetric that the isthe VUV range liquid, used (128 coated for nm), with triggering provides TPBvisible purposes; (tetraphenyl range. it butadiene) is wavelength shifter detected toIn by convert order photomultipliers the to immersed light prevent in to theoxygen, the which absorption would of result the in a driftingbe reduction electrons kept of at the by signal, an electronegative the exceptionally impurities concentrationgaseous low such of phase, level. these as impurities allowed The must reaching continuous Argon an recirculation, equivalent both O in the liquid and The ICARUS experiment 1. Introduction towards the read-out system, composed by threetions wire (0 planes, with wires oriented in3D different reconstruction direc- with a lion, corresponding to a few percent maximum signal attenuation [ PoS(EPS-HEP2017)142 interactions ’s. This sep- e 0 ν Filippo Varanini π 0.73 kt year, are ∼ ), ensuring excellent 0 X rejection factor. A further handle 4 candidates; an example of electron e 10 ν ∼ 80%. Dedicated filters have been developed and 8 µ ∼ ν 2 invariant mass. 0 used in the measurement (right). π µ event in ICARUS-T600. A 2D image of the event in Collection L e ν . 2 interaction. . e 6 cm) before the shower onset, dE/dx is compatible with a single m.i.p. signal, ν ∼ 20 wires ( Scatter-plot comparing MCS and calorimetric estimates of momentum on the stopping muon ∼ Example of an atmospheric The most relevant feature of liquid Argon TPCs is given by their high efficiency and preci- Atmospheric neutrinos collected during the LNGS run, for an exposure of neutrino is shown in Figure identifying the event as a Figure 2: plane is shown on thein left. the On first the right, the ionization density is plotted as a function of the wire number: to reject cosmic rays and preselectexposure neutrino has candidates been to scanned be so scanned visually. far, About identifying 0.25 7 kt year and rejecting the background ofaration neutral makes currents, use in of particular the withreconstruction very capabilities; production fine in of particular, signal the sampling identificationprecise of of measurement the the of LAr-TPC photon the conversion (0.02 vertex ionization andthe density the shower in onset, the allow first to few suppressis centimeters NC provided background from by by the the a reconstruction vertex, of before the being analyzed; they are also of interestMoreover, for a the future similar SBN project, analysis covering could ainvolving similar also kaons, energy address range. with nucleon a decay preliminary searches, efficiency particularly of in channels sample before the cathode planarityof correction muon (left). momentum MCS and muon of momentum muon resolution, length as a function both sion in detecting electron-like events in the neutrino oscillation studies, identifying Figure 1: 3. Atmospheric neutrinos in ICARUS-T600 The ICARUS experiment PoS(EPS-HEP2017)142 1% pot) , a 2D ∼ . 20 2 4 Filippo Varanini , in agreement with all 2 ], confirmed by OPERA 6 eV pot exposure, the number of 1 19 11 uncorrelated cosmic muons ∼ 2 ∼ m (left). interactions by Compton scattering ∆ 4 7.9 10 e ν ∼ 3 8.5. This negative result [ significance in 3 years of data-taking (6.6 10 disappearance channels, as shown in Figure beam; in the 800 MeV) at different distances (110, 470, 600 me- ∼ µ µ σ ν ν ∼ . ICARUS-T600 searched for a possible LSND-like effect 2 ν ), while the expected background (mainly due to the c E 3 1 eV/ ] appear to disfavor this interpretation, making the sterile neutrino ∼ 5 in the CNGS e 2 ns time resolution) will allow identifying incoming cosmic rays. ν 30%, the T600 detector will still record ∼ ∼ ] at accelerators, reactors and radioactive sources appear to point to neutrino ms acquisition time, that could mimic appearance and in the 4 e ν ∼ → µ events was 7 (see Figure beam at FNAL (average contamination in the beam) was ν e e µ Example of an electron neutrino event identified in the CNGS beam. Similarly to Figure ν ν ν While the 3-neutrino oscillation scenario is largely confirmed by experimental data, a few In the Short Baseline Neutrino program (SBN), three liquid-Argon TPC detectors (SBND, ], allowed to define a very small parameter region, around 7 or asymmetric pair production.ger, made In of order scintillating bars, to will rejectsystem surround (360 this the PMTs TPC. additional with Moreover, background, a much-improved a light cosmic detection ray tag- intrinsic [ However, some recent results [ both in the ICARUS-T600, like the other SBN detectors, isray located background. at shallow While depth, a exposed to 3and a m large reduce concrete cosmic muons overburden by is enoughper to event suppress in the the hadronic component through the appearance of scenario inconclusive and calling for a definitive experiment. anomalous results [ oscillations with a much smaller L/E,ile) possibly neutrino implying flavor with the a existence mass of a fourth (necessarily ster- Figure 3: 5. The SBN experiment MicroBooNE, ICARUS-T600, with active massesBooster of 82, 89 and 476 ton) will be exposed to the The ICARUS experiment 4. Search for sterile neutrinos observed available positive and negative results, as illustrated in Figure picture is shown on the left, while the ionization density is plotted on the right. ters respectively) from theexperiment. target. The use SBN of is similar expectedabsence near of and to far anomalies, clarify detectors the the will observed allowto neutrino LSND to cover spectra anomaly strongly the would reduce with LSND essentially systematics; a parameter be in region the single with same. 5 It is expected PoS(EPS-HEP2017)142 , , (2011) 06 ]. This 6 9 e 1 ν (2013) 2599 , JHEP Filippo Varanini σ σ σ 73 , JINST σ σ (2016) A13 Global 2017 1 Global 2017 2 Global 2017 3 Global 2017 best fit SBN 3 SBN 5 disappearance µ ν 594 , EPJ C µ µ 1 θ − 2 2 10 beam sin , A&A µ ν disappearance channel. µ (2011) 065504 [arXiv:1006.3244] appearance sensitivity, compared with ν protons on target in ICARUS and SBND protons on target in MicroBooNE e 20 20 83 ν 10 10 × × A sterile neutrino search in NEOS , this conference 6.60 13.2 SBN sensitivities assume exposures of: Global 2017: S. Gariazzo et al., arXiv:1703.00860 [hep-ph] → 2 − µ 1

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2 2 (2011) 073006 [arXiv:1101.2755]; C. Giunti et al., 83 4 , Phys. Rev.C ] The 90% C.L. limit obtained by ICARUS-T600 with 8 (2001) 112007 [hep-ex:0104049]; ?G. Mention et al., 64 Searches for sterile neutrinos with the IceCube detector oscillation with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam (2017) P04010 [arXiv:1612.07715] 1 e ν 12 σ σ σ → (2014) P12006 [arXiv:1409.5592] , Phys.Rev. D µ 9 1 σ σ − Evidence for neutrino oscillation from the observation of ν appearance e ν LSND 90% LSND 99% Global 2017 1 Global 2017 2 Global 2017 3 Global 2017 best fit SBN 3 SBN 5 10 → , JINST µ ν 10, and new more performing read-out electronics. The two T600 , Phys. Rev. D e ∼ , JINST µ ICARUS@CNGS (90%CL) 2 θ − − 2 (2017) 121802 [arXiv:1610.05134] 2 10 10 beam Search for Muon momentum measurement in ICARUS-T600 LAr-TPC via Multiple Experimental observation of an extremely high electron lifetime with the Search for anomalies in the ?e appearance in a sin µ Updated global 3+1 analysis of short-baseline neutrino oscillations ν Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological Parameters 118 Underground operation of the ICARUS-T600 LAr-TPC: ﬁrst results

3 − The upgrading of the ICARUS-T600 detector 10 (2013) 004 [arXiv:1303.3953] protons on target protons on target , PRL 20 20 (2016) 071801 [arXiv:1605.01990]; Y. Ko et al., in MicroBooNE in ICARUS and SBND 13.2×10 6.60×10 Global 2017: S. Gariazzo et al., arXiv:1703.00860 [hep-ph] 4 1307 SBN sensitivities assume exposures of: − Sensitivities of the SBN experiment: on the left 117 1

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2 2 The reactor antineutrino anomaly Statistical significance of the Gallium anomaly experiment [arXiv:1502.01589]; M.G. Aartsen et al., PRL (2017) 135 [arXiv:1703.00860] [arXiv:1307.4699] JHEP appearance in an Scattering in few-GeV range P07011 [arXiv:1106.0975] ICARUS-T600 LAr-TPC The ICARUS-T600 detector underwent an extensive overhauling phase at CERN [ (2θ) 2 [5] P.A.R. Ade et al., [1] C. Rubbia et al., [3] M. Antonello et al., [2] M. Antonello et al., [6] M. Antonello et al., [4] A. Aguilar et al. [LSND Coll.], [9] G.L. Raselli, [7] N. Agafonova et al., [8] S. Gariazzo et al., sin CNGS beam neutrinos is also shown. On the right, sensitivity in the included the installation of annon-planarities improved by PMT a system, factor amodules flattening were transported of to the FNAL in TPC Julyat cathode, 2017 the and reducing FNAL are Booster currently beam; being installed the in detector the commissioning far is position expected inReferences the summer of 2018. Figure 4: The ICARUS experiment LSND allowed region and current global best fit [