Banking Problems in the Southwest
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Coal and Oil: the Dark Monarchs of Global Energy – Understanding Supply and Extraction Patterns and Their Importance for Futur
nam et ipsa scientia potestas est List of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. I Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2008) A decline rate study of Norwe- gian oil production. Energy Policy, 36(11):4262–4271 II Höök, M., Söderbergh, B., Jakobsson, K., Aleklett, K. (2009) The evolution of giant oil field production behaviour. Natural Resources Research, 18(1):39–56 III Höök, M., Hirsch, R., Aleklett, K. (2009) Giant oil field decline rates and their influence on world oil production. Energy Pol- icy, 37(6):2262–2272 IV Jakobsson, K., Söderbergh, B., Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2009) How reasonable are oil production scenarios from public agen- cies? Energy Policy, 37(11):4809–4818 V Höök M, Söderbergh, B., Aleklett, K. (2009) Future Danish oil and gas export. Energy, 34(11):1826–1834 VI Aleklett K., Höök, M., Jakobsson, K., Lardelli, M., Snowden, S., Söderbergh, B. (2010) The Peak of the Oil Age - analyzing the world oil production Reference Scenario in World Energy Outlook 2008. Energy Policy, 38(3):1398–1414 VII Höök M, Tang, X., Pang, X., Aleklett K. (2010) Development journey and outlook for the Chinese giant oilfields. Petroleum Development and Exploration, 37(2):237–249 VIII Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2009) Historical trends in American coal production and a possible future outlook. International Journal of Coal Geology, 78(3):201–216 IX Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2010) Trends in U.S. recoverable coal supply estimates and future production outlooks. Natural Re- sources Research, 19(3):189–208 X Höök, M., Zittel, W., Schindler, J., Aleklett, K. -
Analyzing Louisiana's Sales Taxsystem in the Wake of South
Louisiana Law Review Volume 80 Number 1 Fall 2019 Article 13 3-3-2020 There Must Be a Better Way: Analyzing Louisiana’s Sales TaxSystem in the Wake of South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. Claire E. Schnell Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev Part of the Law Commons Repository Citation Claire E. Schnell, There Must Be a Better Way: Analyzing Louisiana’s Sales TaxSystem in the Wake of South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., 80 La. L. Rev. (2020) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol80/iss1/13 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Louisiana Law Review by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. There Must Be a Better Way: Analyzing Louisiana’s Sales Tax System in the Wake of South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. Claire E. Schnell* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................. 248 I. Origins of the Physical Presence Requirement ............................ 251 A. Why “Use Taxes”? ................................................................ 251 B. History of the Physical Presence Requirement ...................... 252 1. National Bellas Hess v. Department of Revenue of Illinois: The Seminal Case on the Physical Presence Requirement ..................................................... 253 2. Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady: Introduction of “Substantial Nexus” ............................... 254 3. Quill Corp. v. North Dakota: The Physical Presence Requirement Lives on in the Digital Age ........ 254 4. Congressional Inaction in the Wake of Quill .................. 255 5. Direct Marketing Concurrence: Tides Turning on the Physical Presence Requirement ........................... -
Country Report for Belgium
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS CIVIL LIBERTIES, JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS PETITIONS Obstacles to the right of free movement and residence for EU citizens and their families Country report for Belgium STUDY Abstract This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE and PETI Committees, analyses the current status of transposition of selected provisions of Directive 2004/38/EC in Germany and identifies the main persisting barriers to free movement for EU citizens and their family members in German national law and practice. The study also examines discriminatory restrictions to free movement, measures to counter abuse of rights and refusals of entry and residence rights, in addition to expulsions. PE 556 969 EN ABOUT THE PUBLICATION This research paper was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and Committee on Petitions and was commissioned, overseen and published by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs. Policy departments provide independent expertise, both in-house and externally, to support European Parliament committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU external and internal policies. To contact the Policy Department for Citizen's Rights and Constitutional Affairs or to subscribe to its newsletter, please write to: [email protected] Research Administrators Responsible Ottavio MARZOCCHI and Darren NEVILLE Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] AUTHORS Nathalie MEURENS, Legal Advisor, Milieu Ltd Jozefien VAN CAENEGHEM, Legal Expert, Vrije Universiteit Brussels Under the guidance of Milieu Ltd. -
Peak Oil, Peak Energy Mother Nature Bats Last
Peak Oil, Peak Energy Mother Nature Bats Last Martin Sereno 1 Feb 2011 (orig. talk: Nov 2004) Oil is the Lifeblood of Industrial Civilization • 80 million barrels/day, 1000 barrels/sec, 1 cubic mile/year • highly energy-dense • easy to transport, store • moves goods and people • allows us to fly (there will never be a battery-operated jet plane) • digs huge holes and puts up huge buildings • ballooned our food supply (fertilize, cultivate, irrigate, transport) • our 'stuff' is made from it (iPods to the roads themselves) • we're not "addicted to oil" -- that's like saying a person has an "addiction to blood" Where Oil Comes From • raw organic material for oil (e.g., from plankton) is present in low concentrations in ‘all’ sedimentary rocks, but esp. from two warm periods 90 million and 140 million years ago • temperature rises with depth (radioactivity, Kelvin’s mistake) • oil is generated in rocks heated to 60-120 deg Celsius • rocks at this temp. occur at different depths in different places (N.B.: water depth doesn't count) • oil is ‘cracked’ to natural gas at higher temps (deeper) • abiotic oil from “crystalline basement” is negligible, if it exists • exhausted oil fields do not refill Recoverable Oil • oil must collect in a “trap” to be practically recoverable • a trap is a permeable layer capped by an impermeable one • obvious traps: anticlines, domes (“oil in those hills”) • less obvious traps found by seismic imaging: turned up edges of salt domes, near buried meteorite crater (Mexico) • harder-to-get-at traps: shallow continental shelf (GOM) • even-harder-to-get-at traps: edge continental slope (Macondo, resevoir pressure: 12,000 pounds [6 tons] per sq inch) • essentially no oil in basaltic ocean floor or granitic basement (Used to be!) Second Largest Oilfield Cantarell used to supply 2% of world oil (water) Guzman, A.E. -
A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-Circa 1798
THE TULANE EUROPEAN AND CIVIL LAW FORUM VOLUME 31/32 2017 A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-circa 1798 Paul E Hoffman* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 II. THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND LOCAL LAW AND ORDER .................... 4 III. SLAVERY ............................................................................................. 13 IV. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 20 I. INTRODUCTION French Louisiana had been a thorn in the flank of Spain’s Atlantic Empire from its founding in 1699. Failure to remove that thorn in 1699 and again in 1716, when doing so would have been comparatively easy and Spanish naval forces were positioned to do so, meant that by 1762 the wound had festered, so that the colony had become what La Salle, Iberville, Bienville, and their royal masters had envisioned: a smuggling station through which French goods reached New Spain and Cuba and their goods—dye stuffs and silver mostly—reached France and helped to pay the costs of a colony that consumed more than it produced, at least so 1 far as the French crown’s finances were concerned. * © 2017 Paul E Hoffman. Professor Emeritus of History, Louisiana State University. 1. I have borrowed the “thorn” from ROBERT S. WEDDLE, THE FRENCH THORN: RIVAL EXPLORERS IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1682-1762 (1991); ROBERT S. WEDDLE, CHANGING TIDES: TWILIGHT AND DAWN IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1763-1803 (1995) (carries the story of explorations). The most detailed history of the French colony to 1731 is the five volumes of A History of French Louisiana: MARCEL GIRAUD, 1-4 HISTOIRE DE LA LOUISIANA FRANÇAISE (1953-74); 1 A HISTORY OF FRENCH LOUISIANA: THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV, 1698-1715 (Joseph C. -
Crude Oil Reserves 1986
o un E I Introduction FACTS AND FIGURES is produced annually at the OPEC Secretariat in Vienna, to assist people requiring a means of rapidly assimilating important facts about the energy industry, without themselves having to delve into time- consuming research from an array of sources. Since it is the belief of OPEC Member Countries that energy cannot be viewed in isolation from other global economic considerations, parts of this booklet broach such related issues as comparisons between the economic fortunes of industrialized and developing nations. A wide range of authoritative sources have been con- sulted in producing this booklet. Where disparities have occurred among sources, great pains have been taken at the Secretariat to distill those figures which most faithfully reflect observed market trends. The graphs are presented in six sections. The first three examine energy issues on a global scale, the next two con- centrate on OPEC, while the final one makes broad econ- omic comparisons between different world groupings. It is hoped that this latest issue of FACTS AND FIGURES, which covers the period up to the end of 1986, will prove of interest and value to its readers. November 1987 Published by: The Secretariat, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Obere Donaustrasse 93, A-1020 Vienna, Austria 1987 Printed in Austria by H Carl UeberreuterGes. m. b. H-, Vienna OPEC flows of crude and refined oil — 1986 I I OPEC Far East 4 Indonesia ^| OPEC Latin America - 2 Ecuador; 13 Venezuela • OPEC Africa 1 Algeria; 3 Gabon; 9 -
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA STEADY RENT GROWTH PROJECTED AS LOCAL TRADE ECONOMY EXPANDS MARKET TRENDS While payrolls shrank by close to 30,000 jobs in EFFECTIVE RENT AND OCCUPANCY 2020, jobs recovery will be a major trend in 2021 $1,050 98% and ultimately will be critical in buoying demand for apartments in Baton Rouge. Positive momen- tum is expected in the construction and the trade and transportation industries thanks to major $1,020 96% expansions at ports that act as vital economic hubs. In October 2020, port officials entered into a lease agreement with Houston-based renew- $990 94% able energy company Greentech Materials. The tech firm aims to develop a 164-acre diesel fuel plant that would create 500 jobs during construc- $960 92% tion and dozens of high-paying tech jobs fol- lowing completion. Likewise, energy giant Shell is considering a $1.2 billion investment into its Geismar plant that would create approximately $930 90% * ** ** 150 permanent positions and 1,500 construction ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’21 ’22 Effective Rent Occupancy jobs. Despite the negative pressure on the econ- omy caused by pandemic restrictions, pent-up ABSORPTION AND DELIVERIES demand for apartment housing encouraged 2021 MARKET AT A GLANCE operators to increase effective rent 0.8% during 4,000 2020 as occupancy rose 140 basis points annually OCCUPANCY RATE to 93.1%. Effective rent should continue increasing in 2021 and 2022 with the expectation that the 93.0% Down 10 bps YOY diversifying economy and low cost of living will 2,000 continue to attract new renters to the area as it fully recovers from the pandemic. -
Arkansas V. Oklahoma: Restoring the Notion of Partnership Under the Clean Water Act Katheryn Kim Frierson [email protected]
University of Chicago Legal Forum Volume 1997 | Issue 1 Article 16 Arkansas v. Oklahoma: Restoring the Notion of Partnership under the Clean Water Act Katheryn Kim Frierson [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf Recommended Citation Frierson, Katheryn Kim () "Arkansas v. Oklahoma: Restoring the Notion of Partnership under the Clean Water Act," University of Chicago Legal Forum: Vol. 1997: Iss. 1, Article 16. Available at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1997/iss1/16 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Chicago Legal Forum by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Arkansas v Oklahoma: Restoring the Notion of Partnership Under the Clean Water Act Katheryn Kim Friersont The long history of interstate water pollution disputes traces the steady rise of federal regulatory power in the area of environ- mental policy, culminating in the passage of the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1972.1 Arkansas v Oklahoma2 is the third and latest Supreme Court decision involving interstate water pol- lution since the passage of the 1972 amendments. By all ac- counts, Arkansas is wholly consistent with the Court's prior decisions. In Milwaukee v Illinois3 and InternationalPaper Co. v Ouellette,4 the Court held that the Clean Water Act ("CWA") preempted all traditional common law and state law remedies. Consequently, states lost much of their traditional authority to direct water pollution policies. Despite the claim that the CWA intended "a regulatory 'partnership' between the Federal Govern- ment and the source State", Milwaukee and InternationalPaper placed states in a subordinate position to the federal govern- t B.A. -
John Lawrence of Saguache
COLORADO I : 'ACAS ~ A " '" ··:// ,,, : ' r •oun ~ r--R' -0 - 6'- A N-C -0 -_l___----, 0R A N 0 ) ••oc. ~~ GAR"<eo (S"M?-- The Town Boom in Las Animas and Baca Counties Morris F. Taylor was professor of history at Trinidad State Junior College until his death in 1979. Well known for his contribution to the historical scholarship of Colorado and New Mexico, he won two certificates of commendation for his writings from the American Asso ciation for State and Local History and the 1974 LeRoy R. Hafen Award for the best article in The Colorado Maga zine. His two major books are First Mail West: Stage Lines on the Santa Fe Trail (1971) and 0. P. McMains and the Maxwell Land Grant Conflict (1979). He held a mas ter's degree from Cornell University and was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the Univer sity of Colorado in 1969. 112 THE COLORADO MAGAZINE 55/2 and 3 1978 Las Animas and Baca Counties 113 In the late 1880s southeastern Colorado experienced boom condi Town Company. Probably named for Two Buttes, a prominent land tions that were short-Jived. Several years of unusually good rainfall mark in that flat country, the place was abandoned the next year, most over much of the Great Plains had aroused unquestioning hopes and of the people moving to a new town, Minneapolis, which had a more speculative greeds, bringing on land rushes and urban developments attractive site not far away.5 In November of that year the incorpora that were the first steps toward the dust bowls of the twentieth century .1 tion papers of the Clyde Land and Town Company, signed by men Similar to the many land development schemes in the West today that from Kansas and Rhode Island and Las Animas County in Colorado, are unplanned, quick-profit enterprises, land rushes and town promo were filed with the Las Animas County clerk. -
SSI: Trends and Changes, 1974–80
SSI: Trends and Changes, 1974-80 byLennaKennedy* By the end of 1980, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program was making monthly cash assistance payments, aver- aging $170, to almost 4.2 million aged, blind, and disabled per- sons. When SSI payments began in January 1974, the number of recipients was 3.2 million and the average payment was $117. Since 1975, both SSI payments and Social Security bene- fits have been automatically adjusted each year to correspond with increases in the Consumer Price Index. A number of other trends in addition to growth can be discerned in the size of the population served, as well as in their categorical, geographic, and age distributions. This article discusses some of these trends and changes, using program data for the end of each cal- endar year through 1980. It also presents a brief summary of the program at the end of that period. The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program differed from State to State. In addition, payments provides cash assistance to residents of the 50 States, the within a State varied depending on criteria such as District of Columbia, and the Northern Mariana Islands special living arrangements-for instance, a recipient who are categorically eligible-aged 65 and older, blind, sharing an apartment or living in a domiciliary care fa- or disabled-and whose income and resources are with- cility. A few States also made higher supplementary in the limitations imposed by law and regulations. The payments to persons residing in metropolitan areas. maximum Federal SSI payment, originally $140 * per Although SSI has been affected by a number of legis- month for an individual without countable income and lative changes, the program has experienced little net ex- $210 for a couple, had risen by mid-1980 to $238 for an pansion since its beginning. -
AILA New Mexico/Oklahoma/Texas CHAPTER GRANT/FUNDING REQUEST CHECKLIST
AILA New Mexico/Oklahoma/Texas CHAPTER GRANT/FUNDING REQUEST CHECKLIST The AILA Texas/New Mexico/Oklahoma Chapter Grant/Funding Request Application process consists of the following components, which should be submitted in the order listed below. This checklist is provided to help ensure a complete proposal. It does not need to be submitted with the proposal. Section I: Cover Letter (one page) [Required] Include the purpose of the grant request and a brief description of how funds will be used by your organization. Section II: Grant/Funding Request Form [Required] Complete the 2-page template provided. Section III: Narrative [Optional] You may include a 2-page narrative regarding your organization, those being served & basis for funding request. To assist you in preparing your narrative, we are providing you with some topics to cover in your submission: Narrative Questions 1. Organization Background 2. Goals 3. Current Programs 4. Board/Governance: Number of Board Members 5. Staffing &Volunteers 6. Supervision & Planning Section IV: Attachments [Optional] In order to review your grant request, you may submit any or all of the following attachments: Financial Attachments 1. Organization budget 2. Year-end financial statements, audit and Sources of Income Table 3. Major contributors 4. In-kind contributions Other Attachments 1. Proof of IRS federal tax-exempt status, dated within the last five years 2. Annual Report or Independent Audit, if available; evaluation results (optional); the organization’s most recent evaluation results, relevant to this request. Timeline/Deadlines: A completed application must be received by the AILA Texas/New Mexico/Oklahoma Chapter Donations Committee Chair Jodi Goodwin at the address listed below by no later than February 1 for the year funding is requested. -
TO the GENERAL ASSEMBLY REGARDING MEMBERSHIP in the UNITED NATIONS L~R(Jduflory NOTE
Chapter VII PRACTICE RELATIVE TO RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY REGARDING MEMBERSHIP IN THE UNITED NATIONS l~R(JDUflORY NOTE .............................................................. 109 PART 1. TABLE OF APPLICATIONS AND OF ACTIONS TAKEN THEREON BY THE SECU- RITY COUNCIL AND THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 1975-1980 Note .............................................................................. 109 A. Applications recommended by the Security Council ................................ 109 B. Applications that failed to obtain a recommendation ............................... 109 C. Discussion of the question in the Security Council, 197s.1980 ...................... 109 D. Applications pendin on I January 1975 ........................................... II0 E. Applications submitted between I January 1975 and 31 December 1980 .............. I IO F. Votes in the Security Council on draft resolutions and amendments concerning applicattons for admission to membership in the United Nations. 1975-1980 ....................... II0 G. Votes in the General Assembly on draft resolutions concerning Security Council recommen- dations for admission to membership in the United Nations, 1975-1980 ................ III PART II. CONSIDERATION OF THE ADOPTION OR AMENDMENT OF RULES J8d0OF THE PROVISIONAL RULES OF PROCEDURE Note ............................................................................... II2 PART Ill. PRESENTATION OF APPLICATIONS Note.. ............................................................................. II2 PART IV. REFERENCE