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Toward Gender Equality in Europe and Eurasia: a Toolkit for Analysis

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Toward Gender Equality in Europe and Eurasia: a Toolkit for Analysis TOWARD GENDER EQUALITY IN EUROPE AND EURASIA: A TOOLKIT FOR ANALYSIS MAY 24, 2012 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Elisabeth Duban and JBS International, with substantial input from Catherine Cozzarelli (Gender Advisor for the E&E Bureau, USAID). This document is one of a series of publications sponsored by the Social Transition Team in the Bureau for Europe and Eurasia on social transition issues in the Region. You may download the documents in this series from the USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse website (http://dec.usaid.gov), using the Doc IDs for reference. If you would like more information about these and upcoming products, please contact the Social Transition Team at USAID at [email protected]. The Social Transition Series includes: Tackling the Demand that Fosters Human A Strategic Approach to Characterizing the TraffickingAugust 2011, Doc ID: Status and Progress of Child Welfare Reform in CEE/CIS Countries July 2008, Doc ID: PN-ADN-294 The Other Side of the Gender Equation: Gender Issues for Men in the Europe and Education Vulnerability Analysis for the E&E Eurasia Region July 2011, Doc ID: Region July 2008, Doc ID: PN-ADL-768 Trafficking of Adult Men in the Europe and An Analysis and Strategic Approach to Eurasia Region June 2010, Doc ID: PN-ADW-368 Monitoring the Status and Progress of Child Out of the Broken Mirror: Learning for Welfare Reform in 21 CEE/CIS Countries Reconciliation through Multi-perspective November 2007, Doc ID: PN-ADL-007 History Teaching in Southeast Europe May 2010, Examining the Intersection between Trafficking Doc ID: PD-ACS-531 in Persons and Domestic Violence June 2007, Doc Best Practices in Inclusive Education for ID: PN-ADL-005 Children with Disabilities: Application for Program Design in the Europe and Eurasia Quantifying the Relationship between Region March 2010, Doc ID: Corruption in Education and Economic Development in the Eastern Europe and An Evaluation Framework for USAID- Eurasia Region: an Exploratory Literature Funded TIP Prevention and Victim Protection Review May 2007, Doc ID: PN-ADL-006 Programs December 2009, Doc ID: PN-ADR-430 Europe and Eurasia Bureau Social Transition Transitions towards an Inclusive Future: Strategy June 2006, Doc ID: PD-ACH-406 Vocational Skills Development and Employment Options for Persons with Disabilities in Europe Child Welfare and Disability Project Database & Eurasia October 2009, Doc ID: PN-ADS-499 June 2006, Doc ID: PN-ADG-329 The Prevalence of Disability in Europe & USAID and Child Welfare Reform in Romania Eurasia September 2009, Doc ID: PN-ADT-697 Challenges, Successes, and Legacy June 2006, Doc National Security and the Social Sector in ID: PD-ACH-405 Georgia September 2009, Doc ID: PN-ADS-274 Promising Practices in Community-Based Toolkit for Integrating Domestic Violence Social Services in CEE/CIS/Baltics October 2006, Activities into Programming in Europe and Doc ID: PN-ADF-930 Eurasia July 2009, Doc ID: PN-ADO-921 Emerging Practices in Community-Based The Job that Remains: An Overview of USAID Services for Vulnerable Groups: A Study of Child Welfare Reform Efforts in Europe and Social Services Delivery Systems in Europe and Eurasia June 2009, Doc ID: PN-ADO-922 Eurasia June 2006, Doc ID: PN-ADG-301 Best Practices in Trafficking Prevention in Domestic Violence in Europe and Eurasia June Europe and Eurasia January 2009, Doc ID: PN- 2006, Doc ID: PN-ADG-302 ADO-543, PN-ADO-765 Gender Issues in Europe and Eurasia June 2006, Methods and Models for Mixing Services for Doc ID: PN-ADG-303 Victims of Domestic Violence and Trafficking in Persons in Europe and Eurasia December 2008, The Hope of Tomorrow—Integrating Youth into Doc ID: PN-ADN-297 the Transition of Europe and Eurasia Volumes Social Work Education and the Practice I&II May 2006, Doc ID: PN-ADG-304, Doc ID: PN- Environment in Europe and Eurasia December ADG-305 2008, Doc ID: PN-ADN-298 The Importance of Social Investments Best Practices for Programming to Protect for Economic Growth and Governing in and Assist Victims of Trafficking in Europe and Transitioning States: A Survey of Recent Eurasia November 2008, Doc ID: PN-ADN-295 Evidence June 2006, Doc ID: PN-ADG-306 TOWARD GENDER EQUALITY IN EUROPE AND EURASIA: A TOOLKIT FOR ANALYSIS DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................ix SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................1 1.1 Why This Toolkit ......................................................................... 1 1.2 Methodology of This Toolkit ........................................................ 2 1.3 Target Audience ............................................................................ 3 1.4 Progress Toward Gender Equality in Europe and Eurasia .............. 3 SECTION 2 USAID AND GENDER INTEGRATION .................................7 2.1 USAID Commitment to Gender Equality .................................... 7 2.2 USAID Policy on Gender Equality and Female Empowerment ... 8 2.3 Implementing USAID Policy ...................................................... 8 SECTION 3 UNDERSTANDING GENDER ANALYSIS ...........................11 3.1 How to Structure the Analysis .................................................... 11 3.2 How to Apply the Six Domains Framework ............................... 13 SECTION 4 CONDUCTING GENDER ANALYSIS AT THE PROJECT LEVEL ..................................................................................19 4.1 Tips for Conducting Gender Analysis ......................................... 19 4.2 Conducting Gender Analysis by Sector ...................................... 22 Guidance Note 1: Gender & Agriculture........................................... 25 Guidance Note 2: Gender & Energy and Environment ..................... 29 Guidance Note 3: Gender & Political Processes ................................. 33 Guidance Note 4: Gender & Governance ......................................... 37 Guidance Note 5: Gender & Civil Society ........................................ 41 Guidance Note 6: Gender & Media .................................................. 49 Guidance Note 7: Gender & Rule of Law ......................................... 53 Guidance Note 8: Gender & the Labor Market ................................. 57 Guidance Note 9: Gender & Entrepreneurship ................................. 63 Guidance Note 10: Gender & Education .......................................... 69 Guidance Note 11: Gender & HIV/AIDS ........................................ 75 Guidance Note 12: Gender & Tuberculosis ....................................... 79 Guidance Note 13: Gender & Disability ........................................... 83 Guidance Note 14: Gender & Child Welfare .................................... 89 Guidance Note 15: Gender & Domestic Violence ............................. 95 Guidance Note 16: Gender & Trafficking in Persons ....................... 101 APPENDIX 1 OVERVIEW OF GENDER ANALYSIS FRAMEWORKS ...........................................................................................107 APPENDIX 2 GENERAL RESOURCES ...................................................109 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................111 v ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADS Automated Directives System AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AWID Association for Women’s Rights in Development CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CSO civil society organization DFID Department for International Development DO Development Objective DPO disabled persons organization E&E Europe and Eurasia GAD Gender and Development GE/FE Gender Equality and Female Empowerment HIV human immunodeficiency virus IGWG Interagency Gender Working Group ISCED International Standard Classification of Education ILO International Labour Organization IR Intermediate Result MARP most-at-risk population MSM men who have sex with men NGO nongovernmental organization NRM National Referral Mechanism OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OP Operational Plan PAD Project Appraisal Document PPR Performance Plan Reports SME small and medium enterprise ST Social Transition TB tuberculosis TIP trafficking in persons TRM Transnational Referral Mechanism TVET technical and vocational education and training UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNECE UN Economic Commission for Europe UNICEF UN Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development VoT victim of trafficking WEAI Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture WID Women in Development vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ith the release of the new Agency Gender Equality and Female Empowerment Policy (Policy on GE/FE), USAID reaffirmed that gender analysis is the key tool that must beW utilized to integrate gender effectively across the programming cycle. The Policy on GE/FE notes that gender analysis can be used proactively to address gender constraints and gaps in the course of “ Gender equality and female strategy and project design, identify new opportunities
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