JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PROFILE PASTAZA ECUADOR
LOW-EMISSION RURAL
DEVELOPMENT (LED-R) PUYO AT A GLANCE
• Largest province in Ecuador by area, with country’s DRIVERS OF Illegal logging DEFORESTATION highest biodiversity Transportation infrastructure • Contains 35% of Yasuní National Park (YNP), occupied by Small-scale agriculture Petroleum extraction Waorani indigenous group – site of ongoing conflict over FOREST Data sources: Legal mining NO FOREST Socio-economic: Central Bank oil extraction of Ecuador, National Institute Illegal mining DEFORESTATION of Statistics & Census (INEC) • 78% forest cover (of which 67% is primary forest); highest (2001-2014) Deforestation: Central AVERAGE ANNUAL 1.40 Mt CO2 (2010-2016) Bank of Ecuador, Unique in Ecuador EMISSIONS FROM Includes above-ground biomass, Enviornmental Information System (SUIA) DEFORESTATION below-ground biomass, litter, • 7 constitutionally-recognized indigenous nationalities & dead wood Deforestation 2 occupy 80% of provincial area (~2 million ha), as legally AREA 29,629 km GDP endorsed in the provincial Territorial Development & POPULATION 108,365 (2018) Average deforestation
Zoning Plan (PDOT), & have exclusive land use rights HDI No information 2 0.4
750 MILLIONS USD • Significant petroleum production since 1970s has GDP USD 0.34 billion (2016, Base year 2007) 0.3 contributed to land use changes, migration & settlement 500 GINI 0.471 (2015) activities by the Provincial Decentralized Autonomous 0.2 344 Extraction of Government (GAD) MAIN ECONOMIC 250 ACTIVITIES non-renewable resources 0.1 • SocioBosque Program provides income for local Services HUNDREDS OF Km 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.18 0.18 Public services 0.0 0 communities (LC) in 30% of Pastaza 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 RURAL/URBAN 56%/ 44% (2015) 1996 2016 POPULATION SPOTLIGHT ON INNOVATION Ecuador’s Constitution empowers provincial and municipal GADs to supplement transportation via existing roads and guaranteeing the manage conservation within their territories. This level of authority non-expansion of deforestation for road construction. As a result, facilitated development and approval of the Pastaza Ecological deforestation related to expansion of transportation infrastructure Area of Sustainable Development (AEDSPP) Ordinance in 2017. has decreased. The Consortium for Environmental Management of The Ordinance stipulates conservation of 92% of provincial territory the AEDSPP, made up of the Provincial GAD and five Municipal GADs, (2,542 km2), protects water sources, and proposes a new scheme in coordination with the province’s IP groups, manages the AEDSPP. of productive conservation using ancestral cultivation systems. The AEDSPP also strengthens biodiversity preservation by creating a It also increases IP capacities for management and negotiation with biological corridor bordering YNP. The Ordinance promotes forest government and other stakeholders. Next, the Consortium will develop protection through use of a multimodal transport system (linked to a comprehensive management plan for the AEDSPP as a tool for PDOT intervention areas), which promotes development of towns executing programs, projects, and activities that promote sustainable on river banks, facilitating transportation of goods by water to production in the area.
~2000 indigenous peoples (IP) marched from Puyo to Ecuador abandoned Yasuní-ITT Initiative, citing Joined Governors’ Climate & TIMELINE OF Quito, demanding communal land titling & constitutional low turnout of finance (<0.5% of the goal was Forests Task Force (GCF) reform to declare Ecuador plurinational & pluricultural received), opening area to extraction IMPORTANT EVENTS Amazonian Platform for Ecuador committed to halt oil extraction Provincial Environmental Plan & Provincial Forests, Climate & Human in the Ishpingo-Tambococha-Tiputini Petroleum exploration Environmental Policies Ordinance created Wellbeing (PA) created (ITT) area of YNP, in exchange for USD through Pastaza Declaration & production began 3.6 billion compensation for untapped Mining project began in ITT area following in Eastern Ecuador, & oil revenue from international donors funding failure, sparking backlash from Consortium for construction of highways (bilateral & private) environmental groups & Ecuadorian civil society Environmental to access remote regions, management of the contributing to settlement PDOT created as a planned vision AEDSPP formed & land conversion of sustainable development Joined Andes-Amazon Alliance of Governments by signing the SF Declaration, committing to collaboration & a shared LED-R vision
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
PLEDGES & COMMITMENTS Rio Branco Declaration1◆ Under2 MOU2◆ JURISDICTIONAL Territorial Development & Zoning Plan (PDOT)3 1 Reduce deforestation 80%. 2 Limit emissions 80-95% below 1990 levels. 3 Increase provincial area under conservation Bonn Challenge4◆ or environmental management by 3002 ha; restore 607 ha of forest in degraded areas. 4 Restore 0.5 million ha degraded 5 National REDD+ Action Plan (PdA REDD+) land. 5 Reduce gross emissions from deforestation at least Pastaza Declaration6 20% below FREL for 2000-2008. 6 Net zero deforestation. 7 NATIONAL Reduce land use sector emissions 4% below reference level ◆ Part of international Nationally Determined Contribution (up to 16% conditional on international support); reduce all agreement or forum GHG emissions up to 20% conditionally. (NDC) to UNFCCC7◆ KEY INTERVENTIONS DISINCENTIVES ENABLING MEASURES INCENTIVES ORGANIZATION(S) FUNDING IMPLEMENTING INTERVENTION & FOCUS BENEFICIARIES
PROVINCIAL Provincial Environmental Policies Ordinance PROVINCIAL PUBLIC1 LC, general population PUBLIC1 MUNICIPAL Coordinate provincial environmental policies with common standards & regulate 2 PUBLIC carbon losses
Consortium of Autonomous Provincial Governments PROVINCIAL of the Ecuadorian Amazon (CONGA) Provincial GADs, general NATIONAL PUBLIC3 PUBLIC4 populations Coordinated management of 6 provincial GADs for sustainable development
PROVINCIAL Hydrological Resources Protection & Conservation Ordinance PROVINCIAL PUBLIC1 LC PUBLIC1 MUNICIPAL Conservation of riparian zones through establishment of water recharge 2 PUBLIC protection zones, linked to PES
NATIONAL Integrated Amazonian Program for Forest Conservation MULTILATERAL PUBLIC6 & Sustainable Procduction (PROAmazonía) Provincial GADs, 5 OTHER PROVINCIAL Links emissions reduction efforts with productive sector at national level; general populations, LC 4 PUBLIC supports provincial govt in updating PDOT, incorporating REDD+
1 Autonomous Decentralized Government (GAD) of Pastaza Province. 2 Municipal GADs. 3 Republic of Ecuador. 4 GADs of Pastaza, Sucumbios, Orellana, Napo, Morona Santiago, & Zamora Chinchipe. 5 UNDP through Green Climate Fund & World Fund for Environment (GEF). 6 Ministry of Environment (MAE), Ministry of Agriculture & Cattle Ranching (MAG).
PROGRESS TO JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES & EARLY INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED OPPORTUNITIES CHALLENGES Integrated LED-R • Provincial REDD+ Implementation Plan (PdI), supported by UNDP-Norway “Window A” finance, was developed Strategy through a participatory process & is pending review & approval by MAE) • Economic reliance on oil, reflected by failure of Yasuní-ITT Initiative • PDOT underwent public consultation in development & approval process, including public sector & IP Spatial plan • Administrative turnover in multiple representatives levels of government has delayed Performance • PDOT establishes targets focused on increasing conservation areas, territorial zoning, & other socioeconomic AEDSPP planning processes targets indicators • Existing sustainable production • PdI includes quantitative targets for restoration of degraded areas & establishment of water recharge zones in systems promoted by provincial conservation areas government do not offer long-term benefits for IP Monitoring, • National Forest Monitoring System (SNMB) is spatially explicit & facilitates definition of province-level actions reporting & within PdA REDD+ • Financial institutions are still wary verification (MRV) • Implementation of a community forest monitoring system is planned, applying national monitoring of investment risks, impeding methodology at provincial level establishment of partnerships with private banks Policies & • PdA REDD+ provides overarching framework for PdI development incentives • Provincial Environmental Policies Ordinance regulates relevant policies to ensure adequate consideration of OPPORTUNITIES human rights, socially & environmentally responsible production, & biodiversity protection • Current provincial administration Multi-stakeholder • Consortium for Environmental Management of the AEDSPP includes local governments, IP, ministries, is proactively seeking international governance academia & NGOs; 1st group of its kind nationally, & is being restructured to serve as main provincial multi- support for Pastaza’s jurisdiction stakeholder governance instrument, with regular meetings LED-R strategy Sustainable • Provincial Productive Development Program seeks to strengthen & diversify family production, increasing • Andes-Amazon Alliance connects agriculture marketability of products while avoiding expansion of agricultural frontier Pastaza to jurisdictions in Bolivia, • National Agenda for Transforming Production in the Amazon Region (ATPA) develops systems for land tenure Brazil, Colombia, & Peru, offering & use information & management, establishes agroforestry systems, & provides technical assistance for international learning exchange producers • PA creates opportunities for Indigenous • Representatives of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon (CONFENIAE) & cross-regional collaboration for peoples & local the Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin (COICA) participate in provincial & inter- implementing National & Provincial communities provincial decision-making forums, e.g. PA strategies for REDD+, climate • IP involved in development of AEDSPP, PDOT, & PdI change, forests, IP, & biodiversity LED-R finance • Support comes from international (GCF-TF, Moore Foundation, European Union, German Cooperation, JICA- • PdI & ATPA create significant KOIKA, Inter-American Development Bank) and national (Proamazonia, MAE, MAG) sources economic inputs for forest • AEDSPP Consortium aims to attract international finance to support Pastaza in meeting LED-R commitments protection & sustainable agriculture, respectively CITATION | M. Rojas Peña, O. David, S. Peteru. “Pastaza, Ecuador” in C. Stickler et al. (Eds.), The State of Jurisdictional Sustainability. San Francisco, CA: EII; Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR; Boulder, CO: GCF-TF. COMPLETE REFERENCES & DATA SOURCES PROVIDED AT www.earthinnovation.org/state-of-jurisdictional-sustainability 2020/07/31
TECHNICAL TEAM SUPPORTEDSupported by: BY
Earth Innovation Institute based on a decision of the German Bundestag