The Biological Reserve of Sidi Boughaba, Mehdia

Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(4): 705-712

Accepted: 05-06-2016 The Biological Reserve of Sidi Boughaba, Mehdia

M Slim (Morocco) Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, M Slim, N Zouaki, H Lougraimzi, L Elghali, L Zidane and M Fadli University IbnTofail, Kenitra, Morocco Abstract N Zouaki The region of Sidi Boughaba which is an important biological reserve (Northwest of Mehdia, Morocco) Department of Zoology, Faculty offers a favorable conditions for the development of diversity of the wildlife. It is characterized by a sub- of Natural Sciences, Shah Abdul humid bioclimate and a mild winter. The objective of the present study is to make an entomological Latif University, Khairpur Mir’s, inventory in five different areas of floristic cortege perspective (herbaceous, shrub) and other medium Sindh (soil, water). A statistical study was performed by environmental indices of composition and structure. Sampling was done from mid-April 2013 to December 2013. The analysis of the entomofauna revealed H Lougraimzi the existence of 73 species distributed in 7 Systematic orders and 28 families. Beetles are represented by Laboratory of Nutrition, Health 19 species, Orthoptera by 13, Diptera by 12 species; Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera are and Environment, Department represented by 8 species for each; Odonata come in last place with 5 species. Similarly, the results of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, showed that the values of Shannon-Weaver diversity vary between 2.654 and 3.411 which express the University IbnTofail, Kenitra, diversity of the sampled population. Morocco

L Elghali Keywords: Entomofauna, Taxonomy Structure, Specific Diversity, Sidi Boughaba Reserve, Morocco Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Environment, Department Introduction of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Wetlands are ideal environments for rich biodiversity. Nevertheless, the wealth of an animal University IbnTofail, Kenitra, population is conditioned by climatic constraints and the diversity of natural resources are Morocco offered by the surrounding environment [1].

M Fadli Furthermore, in various ecosystems, insect fauna is important in wetlands where insects are Laboratory of Nutrition, Health usually dense and play an important role in the functioning of these aquatic ecosystems [2]. and Environment, Department Insects are also excellent witnesses of the quality of the habitats where they meet. Thus, of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, numerous species are used as biological indicators of biological and chemical quality of their University IbnTofail, Kenitra, environment [3]. Similarly, they are a source of food for many invertebrates and several species Morocco [4, 5] of fish . However, in the field of health, insects cause many nuisances to man especially the bloodsucking species such as mosquitoes, Simulidae and Tabanidae [6]. In Morocco, Aguesse and Pruja [7, 8], Thiery [9], Aguesse et al., [10] and Chavanon et al., [11] studied many aquatic insects. The fauna of the biological reserve of Sidi Boughaba medium in the present study is

comprised of invertebrate and vertebrate. The works on invertebrates were conducted by Ramdani (1980; 1981) [12, 13], Ramdani and Tourenq (1982) [14], Idrissi (1982) [15], Jackemen [16] [17] (1986) , Himmi (1991) , vertebrates have been studied by several authors including birds [18, 19]. The mammals and reptiles were treated by Stoetze et al., [20].

In the present study, we contributed to the determination of the taxonomic structure and

diversity of terrestrial insect fauna of the biological reserve of Sidi Boughaba, precisely the wetland site which is called Ramsar and located southwest of the city of Kenitra.

Materials and Methods

Correspondence Location of the study area M Slim Sidi Boughaba Lake (34°12’56’’and 34°15’55’’ of north latitude and 6°42’32’’and Laboratory of Nutrition, Health 6°45’27’’of west longitude) is located on the Atlantic coast of Morocco Northwest, oriented and Environment, Department NNE–SSW, and located in a depression of a hilly region (Figure 1). It extends over 5.5 km in of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, length and a varying width of 100 to 250 meters and a depth varies between 0.5 and 2.50 University IbnTofail, Kenitra, Morocco meters maximum. ~ 705 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

The existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the south, the Marabout of Sidi Boughaba to the west, the Atlantic topographic surface is at a lower side than that of the Ocean to the north, the Kasbah of Mehdia to the east, the potentiometric surface of the coastal groundwater, rainwater collective lands in the forest of Maâmora. Concerning the and runoff waters. The biological Reserve of Sidi Boughaba is water and forests, the biological reserve of Sidi Boughaba is 150 ha [18, 21]. The Canton of forest Sidi Boughaba of 652 ha one of the few wetlands consisting of a freshwater lake and a (given the NCEA) encompasses the Biological Reserve in forest which is very dense by the red juniper (Juniperus addition to a national forest. The Canton’s limits are to the phoenicea L.).

Fig 1: Location of biological reserve of Sidi Boughaba [22].

Sampling environment. The biological material was collected by the The insect fauna of the terrestrial biological reserve of Sidi method called "Quadrat" with a sweep net [23, 24]. The Boughaba was studied throughout the five prospecting zones. systematic identification and enumeration of the harvested The study was limited to the period of the great activity of species was conducted in the laboratory of "Nutrition, Health adults (spring-summer). The biological material was collected and Environment "of the Faculty of Science of Kenitra. at five zones in the reserve at harvests campaigns from mid- April 2013 until December 2013. The zones were chosen by Results taking into account the heterogeneity of soil flora and the

Table 1: The floristic characteristics and the granulometry of each study zone.

Parameters Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Retama monosperma × × × × × Fabaceae Acacia cyanopnylla × Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus × × × Salicaceae Populus alba × Polypodiaceae Pteridium aquilinum × Cyperaceae Cladium mariscus × × ×

vegetation

lythraceae Lythrum salicaria × × × × Cactaceae Opuntiaficus-indica × Thymelaeaceae Thymelaea lythroides × Phillyrea angustifolia × × Oléaceae

Abundance Olea Europaea × Cupressaceae Juniperus phoenicea × × × × Poaceae Hordeum murinum × × Asteraceae Centaurea aspera × × ×

Daya Small Merja Great Merja Beach

areas

Aquatic

Clayish and sandy × × × sandy × × ×

metry

Granulo calcite ×

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(x): Presence of the floristic species and the naturaly Zone (3): this zone is characterized by the presence of a body granulometry of each study zone. of water, the small Merja, the dominant plant species like Table 1 shows the floristic characteristics and granulometry of Cladium mariscus (Cyperaceae), some Fabaceae (Retama each study zone. monosperma), Iris pseudacorus (Iridaceae) and Lythrum Zone (1): This zone is located near the agglomerated area of salicaria (Lythraceae). Mehdia. It is characterized by a calcareous soil which is Zone (4): contains the large Merja. The plant species that generated by the outcrop of bedrock. The species of vegetables dominate the 4th zone : Juniperus Phoenica (Cupressaceae), that dominates this zone is: Retama monosperma (Fabaceae), Retama monosperma (Fabaceae), Iris pseudacorus (Iridaceae), with such Asteraceae (Centaurea aspera), Cactaceae such as Cladium mariscus (Cyperaceae), Lythrum salicaria (Optinsia fucus indica) and Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae). (Lythraceae) Olea Europaea, Phillyrea angustifolia Zone (2): This field includes a permanent lagoon. From a (Oleaceae), Centaurea aspera (Asteraceae), Populus alba bioclimatic perspective, the studyied areas are part of sub- (Salicaceae), Hordeum murinum (Poaceae), Pteridium humid bioclimate and a mild winter [25]. The plant species that aquilinum (Polypodiaceae) and Thymelaea lythroides dominate the zone (2) are: Retama monosperma (Fabacae), (Thymelaeaceae). Hordeum murinum (Poaceae), Cladium mariscus Zone (5): near the beach, the plant species that dominate this (Cyperaceae), Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae), Iris zone are: Phoenica Juniperus (Cupressaceae), Retama pseudacorus (Iridaceae). We found in this zone other species monosperma and Acacia cyanopnylla (Fabaceae), with a like Centaurea aspera (Asteraceae) with some Phillyrea Asteraceae of (Centaurea aspera). angustifolia (Oleaceae). The overall inventory of species caught in the five zones of biological reserves of Sidi Boughaba is represented in Table 2.

Table 2: The principal list of species of insects captured in the five zones.

Station Order Family Taxa Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 N RA % N RA % N RA % N RA % N RA % Chinavia hilaris 0 0 2 0,8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Graphosoma lineatum 0 31 12,44 11 3,87 0 0 0 0

Dolycoris baccarum 0 0 4 1,60 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pentatomidae Euschistus servus 0 0 3 1,20 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hemiptera Carpocoris mediterraneus 0 0 5 2,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nezara viridula 0 0 3 1,20 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyrrhocoridae Pyrrhocoris apterus 0 0 13 5,22 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reduviidae Zelus tetracanthus 0 0 0 0 3 1,05 0 0 0 0 Oryctes nasicornis 13 6,66 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2,59 Oxygrylius ruginasus 19 9,74 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1,94 Dasygnathus blattocomes 10 5,12 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1,94 Scarabaeidae Scarabaeus nitidicollis 4 2,05 0 0 0 0 2 1,66 8 5,19 Scarabaeus cicatricosus 3 1,53 0 0 0 0 1 0,83 7 4,54 Copris hispanus 4 2,05 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3,24 Typhaeus typhoeus 2 1,02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Geotrupidae Geotrupes auratus 9 4,61 0 0 0 0 1 0,83 0 0 Calathus melanocephalus 0 0 9 3,61 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coleoptera Carabidae Carabus sp 4 2,05 5 2,00 3 1,05 2 1,66 7 4,54 Hirticoli sp 0 0 0 0 8 2,81 0 0 0 0 Scaritidae Scarites sp 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0,83 2 1,29 Buprestidae Buprestis octoguttata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 11,03 Dynastidae Dipelicus optatus 8 4,10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coccinellidae Harmoniasp 0 0 7 2,81 0 0 0 0 0 0 Erodius carinatus 0 0 2 0,80 0 0 8 6,66 30 19,48 Tentyria maroccana 2 1,02 2 0,80 0 0 7 5,83 15 9,74 Tenebrionidae Pachychila punctata 0 0 3 1,20 5 1,76 3 2,5 0 0 Akis tingitana 0 0 2 0,80 5 1,76 2 1,66 1 0,64 Euchorthippus sp 6 3,07 0 0 15 5,28 0 0 0 0 Calliptamus barbarus 11 5,54 0 0 19 6,69 3 2,5 2 1,29 Dociastaurus maroccanus 16 8,20 17 6,82 23 8,09 11 9,16 17 11,03 Heteracris littoralis 0 0 9 3,61 18 6,33 0 0 1 0,64 Acrididae Chorthippus vagans 0 0 8 3,20 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oedipoda sp 0 0 0 0 7 2,46 0 0 3 1,94 Orthoptera Stenobothrus stigmaticus 0 0 0 0 6 2,11 0 0 0 0 Paracinema tricolor 0 0 0 0 7 2,46 0 0 0 0 Aiolopus thalassinus 0 0 0 0 15 5,28 2 1,66 1 0,64 Gryllidae Nemobius sylvestris sp 2 1,02 3 1,20 0 0 0 0 0 0 Euchomenella s p 0 0 1 0,40 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mantidae Sphodromantis viridis 0 0 1 0,40 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mantis religiosa 0 0 1 0,40 0 0

Pieris napi 4 2,05 8 3,21 5 1,76 3 2,5 0 0 Lepidoptera Pieridae Pieris rapae 3 1,53 4 1,60 3 1,05 4 3,33 0 0 Pieris brassicae 2 1,02 4 1,60 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 707 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Colias crocea 0 0 5 2,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 Colias hyale 0 0 3 1,20 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lycaenidae Maculinea arion 7 3,58 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1,94 Papilionidae Iphiclides podalirius 1 0,51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zygaenidae Zugaena purpuralis 6 3,07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bombus pratorum 0 0 5 2,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bombus terrestris 0 0 8 3,21 1 0,35 0 0 0 0 Bombus impatiens 1 0,51 5 2,00 0 0 2 1,66 0 0 Apidae Anthidium lateral 0 0 6 2,40 0 0 2 1,66 0 0 Hymenoptera Crabro cribrarius 7 3,58 15 6,02 5 1,76 2 1,66 4 2,59 Apis mellifica 9 4,61 11 4,41 8 2,81 7 5,83 3 1,94 Crematogaster scutellaris 10 5,12 8 3,21 11 3,87 8 6,66 0 0 Formicidae Formica sp 19 9,74 6 2,40 12 4,22 9 7,5 0 0 Anax parthenope 2 1,02 5 2,00 45 15,84 0 0 2 1,29 Aeshnidae Hemianax ephippiger 0 0 0 0 8 2,81 0 0 0 0 Odonata Libellulidae Orthetrum trinacria 0 0 0 0 5 1,76 0 0 0 0 Lestidae Lestes virens 0 0 2 0,80 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coenagrionidae Ischnura graellsii 0 0 0 0 3 1,05 0 0 0 0 Asilidae Efferia sp 0 0 0 0 5 1,76 0 0 16 10,38 Culex pipiens 0 0 0 0 4 1,40 6 5 0 0 Culex theileri 0 0 3 1,20 0 0 0 0 0 0 Culiseta subochrea 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4,16 0 0 Cullicidae Ochlerotatus caspius 0 0 3 1,20 0 0 4 3,33 0 0 Ochlerotatus detritus 0 0 4 1,60 0 0 7 5,83 0 0 Diptera Uranotaenia balfouri 0 0 2 0,80 0 0 0 0 0 0 Uranotaenia unguilata 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4,16 0 0 Chironomidae Chironomus spp 0 0 11 4,41 20 7,04 13 10,83 0 0 Chrysops sp 4 2,05 0 0 2 0,7 0 0 0 0 Tabanidae Atylotus sp 2 1,02 0 0 2 0,7 0 0 0 0 Tabanus sp 5 2,56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total = 7 28 73 195 100 249 100 284 100 120 100 154 100

N: Number of species, RA%: Relative abundance Hymenoptera and Diptera. Coleoptera is the most dominant Among the captured 73 taxa, there are 30 taxa in zone (1), 41 order contain 19 species, then comes Orthoptera with 13 taxa in zone (2), 30 taxa in zone (3), 26 taxa in zone (4) and 22 species. The Diptera with 12 species. The Lepidoptera, taxa in zone (5) belonging to seven orders which are Hemiptera and Hymenoptera Each one with 8 species, and Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata finally Odonata which are represented by 5 species.

Table 3: Represents the sample quality, indice of diversity of Shannon-Weaver (H'), Evenness_e ^ H / S and equity (E) in the five zones of study.

parameters Zone 1 Zone2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Number of samples (N) 8 8 8 8 8 Number of species seen once (a) 2 3 1 3 3 Quèèèèality of sampling (Q) 0,25 0,375 0,125 0,375 0,375 Shannon_H 3,131 3,411 3,069 3,028 2,654 Evenness_e^H/S 0,763 0,739 0,717 0,794 0,645 Equity_J 0,920 0,918 0,902 0,929 0,858

Table 3 shows the sampling quality (Q = a / N), Shannon- is stored in the zone (5). The values of equity J (E) in the five Weaver diversity index (H '), Evenness_e ^ H / S and equity zones vary between 0.858 and 0.929. It should be noted that (E) in the five zones of study throughout 8 samples. The ratio they all tend towards 1, which implies that the number of the (a / N) in the five zones is 0.25 for zone (1), the zones (2,4 and different species tend to be in balance with each other. 5) is 0.375 and 0.125 for the zone (3) where the quality of In zone (1), 30 censused taxa are distributed between 6 orders sampling is considered to be good with a sufficient accuracy (figure 2), namely Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, since the values are close to zero. Odonata and Hymenoptera. Orthoptera include 4 species: The values of Shannon-Weaver diversity vary between 2.654 Lepidoptera with 6 species, 5 species contain Hymenoptera, and 3.411 in the five zones, which expresses the diversity of Coleoptera represented by 11 species, Diptera contains 3 the sampled population. The maximum value of Evenness species and dragonflies, which are rated by a single species. (0.794) is stored in the zone (4) while the lowest value (0.645) We have noted the total absence of Hemiptera in the zone (1).

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Fig 2: Relative abundance of species in terms of orders taken in the zone (1).

Among the 195 individuals collected from the zone (1) (Table 8 species and Hemiptera and Coleoptera with 7 species each. 2), the order of the Beetle is the most dominant during the Orhtoptera with 7 species, Lipedoptera and Diptera with 5 sampling period. It includes 78 individuals which is (40 %), species for each, and Odonata were represented by two Hymenoptera which has 46 individuals (23.53 %) followed by species. Orthoptera with 35 individuals (17.94%) then Lepidoptera Similarly, in zone (2), among the 249 collected specimens, the with 23 individuals which is (11.79 %), Diptera with 11 order of Hymenoptera is the most dominant with 64 individuals which is (5.64%) and Odonata with 2 individuals individuals (25.70 %), followed by Hemiptera with 61 which is (1.02 %) (Figure 2). individuals or (24.49 %), Orthoptera with 40 individuals The species caught in the zone (2) comprises of 41 taxa (16.06 %) (Figure 3). belonging to 7 orders (Table 2), which are Hymenoptera with

Fig 3: Relative abundance of species in terms of orders taken in the zone (2).

In zone (3), 30 species were collected, namely Hemiptera, and Diptera with 5 species for each, beetles and Odonata 4 Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymiptera, Odonata and species, and Lepidoptera with two species. Diptera (Figure 4). Orthoptera include 8 species, Hymenoptera

Fig 4: Relative abundance of species in terms of orders taken in zone (3).

Similarly, in zone (3) the order of Orthoptera is the most by Hymenoptera with (13,02 %), and Diptera with (11,61 %) dominant with 110 individual which is (38.73 %). In the (figure 4). second place, we find the Odonata with (21.67 %), followed ~ 709 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

No Hemiptera or Odonata was mentioned during our research most dominant order in zone (4) was the Diptera which is in zone (4) (Figure 5), however, the beetles were represented represented by 40 individuals which is (33.33 %), followed by by 9 species, Orthoptera and with 3 species and Lepidoptera Hymenoptera with (25 %), Coleoptera are represented by with 2 species, Hymenoptera and Diptera with 6 species. The (22.5%) (Figure 5).

Fig 5: Relative abundance of species in terms of orders taken in the zone (4).

At the level of zone (5), the global inventory of species caught 102 individuals which is (66.23 %), followed by Orthoptera in it has 22 species. The latter is represented by 6 orders which is represented by (15.58 %). Diptera represent (10.38 (figure 6). The order of Coleoptera is the most important and it %), while Lepidoptera and Odonata Hymenoptera present only is represented by 12 species. a small proportion respectively (1.94 %), (4.54 %), and (1.29 Among the 154 individuals collected in zone (5), the %) (Figure 6). Coleoptera order is the most dominant and it is represented by

Fig 6: Relative abundance of species in terms of orders taken in the zone (5).

Discussion while others, much more tolerant with respect to their habitat, Seventy-three taxa of terrestrial insects were reported in may be observed in all the sandy formations. different zones in present study. The latter shows that the The inventory carried throughout the study period showed the population of insects of biological reserve of Sidi Boughaba presence of 13 species of grasshoppers (9 species of acrididae, was dominated by beetles which are represented by 19 taxa three species of Mantidae and one is Gryllidae) across the including Erodius carinatus, Tentyria maroccana are natural reserve of Sidi Boughaba. sabulicole beetles. The large spatial variation in the relative This order is a good indicator because of its sensitivity to abundance of aerial insects observed along the zones studied changes in the vegetation structure and the stational humidity was therefore due to the nature of the habitat (substrate [30, 31, 32]. It is a huge food resource especially for birds [33, 34]. sunshine vegetation Nature [26, 27]. According to their Throughout the species, Orthoptera have very different geographical distribution [28, 29], beetles can be divided into two ecological preferences. Beside the euryèces species groups, namely the exclusively Moroccan species, which are (Dociastaurus maroccanus, Calliptamus barbarus) that found here and there along the Moroccan coast among which accommodate a wide variety of conditions and colonize very we find Pachychila punctata which is strictly subservient to diverse backgrounds, there are stenoecious species that can this region of sidi boughaba. The widely distributed species only develop in very special environments tailored to their that can be divided into two categories, namely those that ecological requirements which is particular for the case of colonize only a narrow portion of the studied biotope and Aiolopus thalassinus, Emerald-locust, and species of coastal those colonizing the entire park but are sometimes absent in wetlands characteristics which primarily colonize zone (3). either habitat. The tricolor locust (Paracinema tricolor) is subservient to Idrissi (1982) [15] states that among the widely distributed wetlands thermophiles which colonize zone (3). The species, some have very strict environmental requirements but temperature is, for many Orthoptera bionomic, an essential exist wherever their habitat is (level of leashes for example) factor and their activity is directly related to the presence of the sun and to the heat provided by the latter [35]. ~ 710 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Among the 8 taxa of Hemiptera collected during our study, 6 3. Varandas SG, Cortes RMV. Evaluating macroinvertebrate are located in zone (2), one at zone (3) and the other at the biological metrics for ecological assessment of streams in zone (2 and 3), namely Graphosoma lineatum. It is the family northern Portugal. Environmental Monitoring and of Pentatomidae which is largely dominant by both the density Assessment. 2010; 166(1-4):201-221. of individuals and the number of species. All shade-tolerant 4. Konan KJ, Atsé BC, Kouassi NJ. Habitudes et stratégies species live deeply in the vegetation while the majority of alimentaires de Tylochromis jentinki jentinki (Cichlidae) species live in the heart tufts of Graminaceae, with the dans la lagune Ébrié, Côte d’ivoire. Cybium. 2008; exception of rare Asopinae predators which are all sap- 32(1):3-8. sucking. This results in sedentary behavior. Most species are 5. Diomandé D, Bony KY, Edia OE, Konan KF, Gourène G. herbivores: they feed on the juices contained in plant tissues. Diversité des Macroinvertébrés Benthiques de la Rivière To achieve this precious beverage, some species introduce Agnéby (Côte d’Ivoire; Afrique de l’Ouest). European their rostrum in one or more parts of the plants, trees or shrubs Journal of Scientific Research. 2009; 35(3):368-377. (fruit, stem or some leaves) and there inject saliva containing 6. Tachet H, Richoux P, Bournaud M, Usseglio-Polatera P. enzymes that will liquefy the plant’s cellular network ready to Invertébrés d’eau douce: systématique, biologie, écologie. be aspirated. These stings will form local lesions, especially CNRS Editions, Paris. 2003, 587. when their numbers are important, which can have a strong 7. Aguesse P, Pruja JP. Eléments pour une faune des impact on crops. The species of Pentatomidae Asopinae are Odonates du Maroc. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Phys. Maroc. predatory; their dissolving action of the saliva is then 1957; 37:149-160. supplemented by a toxic action. They prey on other small pests 8. Aguesse P, Pruja JP. Odonates récoltés par M. Ch. Rungs (caterpillars of moths, beetles ...) and are sometimes used in au Maroc, au Sahara, en Mauritanie et au Sénégal. Bull. biological control [36]. Soc. Sci. Nat. Phys. Maroc. 1958; 5:103-10. Like the other Hemiptera, we mainly meet samples of this 9. Thiery A. Contribution à la connaissance des super-family between mid-April and mid-October; some Hétéroptères du Maroc : les Hétéroptères aquatiques du species appear early in spring. During this period, we find Haut Atlas occidental. Bull. Inst. Sci. Rabat. 1981; 5:13- them on the barks, leaves, flowers or fruits; They hibernate 34. underground, under the moss, leaves or bark cracks [37]. 10. Aguesse P, Dakki M, Gheit A, Ramdani M.Les Concerning Odonata, only five taxa were collected during our Hétéroptères aquatiques du Maroc. Inventaire commenté. studies (Anax parthenope, Hemianax ephippiger, Orthetrum Bull. Inst. Sci. 1982; 6:125-138. trinacria, Lestes virens, and Ischnura graellsii), other species 11. Chavanon G, Berrahou A, Millan A. Apport a la cited by Jackemen (1980) [16] are not mentioned in this work. connaissance des coleopteres et hemipteres aquatiques du This can be explained by two hypothesis: the fact of climate maroc oriental: catalogue faunistique. Bol S.E.A. 2004; change, or the period of study is not suitable to have a great 35:143-162. appearance. It is recommended that a good number of Anax 12. Ramdani M. Recherches Hydrobiologiques sur un plan parthenope was observed in zone (3). d'eau de la zone littorale des environs de Rabat la Merja The Diptera Asilidae type of Efferia sp was abundant in zone Sidi Bou Ghaba (Maroc). Thèse 3e cycle Aix-Marseille. (5). This distribution on our study site is explained by the fact 1980; 3:134. that there is a correlation between the floristic composition and 13. Ramdani M. Recherches hydrobiologiques sur la merja predatory behavior [38]. Certain works shows that the Sidi Bou Ghaba (littoral atlantique du Maroc). Etude ecological distribution of Asilidae Efferia type depends on that physico-chimique et analyse faunistique. Bull. Inst. Sc. of Apis mellifica [39]. 1981; 5:73-137. Diptera Cullicidae contains seven taxa. This wealth varies 14. Ramdani M, Tourenq JN. Contribution à l'étude locally depending on the heterogeneity of hydro and faunistique de la merja de Sidi Bou Ghaba : physicochemical characteristics of the environment. Thus, the Chironomides (Diptères). 1982, 179-185. habitats that are ecologically more diverse showed the highest 15. Idrissi L. Contribution à l'étude écologique des richness of species [40]. Coléoptères sabulicoles de Sidi Bou Ghaba (Maroc). 1982, 157-178. Conclusion 16. Jacquemin G. Les Odonates de la Merja de Sidi Bou The inventory of terrestrial entomofauna revealed the Ghaba (Mehdia, Maroc). Bull. Inst. Sci, Rabat. 1986; existence of 73 species of insects present in the biological 11:175-183. reserve of Sidi Boughaba. This inventory showed that beetles 17. Himmi O. Culicidae (Diptera) du Maroc: Clé de are the most represented because of the wet weather of the détermination actualisée et étude de la dynamique et des region followed by Orthoptera and other orders. This inventory cycles biologiques de quelques populations de la région should be complemented by more spread out studies to have a de Rabat-Kénitra., Thèse de 3ème cycle, Fac. Sc., Univ. complete list of the insect fauna of the region. Mohamed V, Rabat. 1991, 185. 18. Thevenot M. Les oiseaux de la reserve de Sidi Boughaba. Reference Bull. Institute Scientifique. 1976; 1:67-99. 1. Leberre M. Faune du Sahara-Poisson; Amphibiens et 19. 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