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Ficha País De Antigua Y Barbuda OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS Antigua y Barbuda Antigua y Barbuda La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios no oficiales. La presente ficha país no defiende posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. MARZO 2018 Antigua y 1. DATOS BÁSICOS Barbuda 1.1. Características generales Nombre oficial: Antigua y Barbuda. Superficie: 443,5 km2 LÍmites: Antigua y Barbuda está formada en realidad por tres islas: Antigua, Bar- buda y Redonda. Las tres pertenecen al archipiélago de las Pequeñas Antillas y están situadas entre las islas de San Cristóbal y Nieves, y Guadalupe, al este del Mar Caribe. Capital: St. John’s (en Antigua) 22.193 habitantes, Censo de 2011) Codrington Otras ciudades: Codrington (en Barbuda) (1810 habitantes en toda Barbuda, Estimación Censo 2011) Idioma: Inglés. Religión: Existe gran variedad de religiones, aunque la mayoría de la población es protestante de la vertiente anglicana. La religión católica representa alrede- dor del 10%. Moneda: Dólar del Caribe Oriental (dólar EC) = 100 céntimos. Un dólar USA = 2,7 dólares del Caribe Oriental. Forma de Estado: Monarquía constitucional. Mar Caribe División administrativa: La isla de Antigua se divide en seis parroquias. Tanto Océano Atlántico la isla de Barbuda como el islote deshabitado de Redonda tienen un estatus de independencia. Nº Residentes españoles: 11( 09/01/2018) Saint George 1.2. Geografía Saint John La isla de Antigua es llana en su mayor parte y tiene una extensión de 281 km2. Saint George Barbuda, con 161 km2 es una isla coralina con un gran lago en su interior. Redon- da es un islote rocoso y deshabitado (1.5 km2). Las tres carecen de ríos. Saint Philip Bolands 1.3. Indicadores sociales Saint Mary Saint Paul Población total (estimado julio 2017: 94.731 habitantes (CIA World Factbook) Población urbana (2014) (% del total): 25 (Banco Mundial) Densidad de población (2014)(hab/km²): 206 (Banco Mundial) Crecimiento de la población 2014 (% anual): 1 (Banco Mundial) © Ocina de Información Diplomática. Índice de fecundidad (estimación 2017): 2 (CIA World Fact Book) Aviso: Las fronteras trazadas no son necesariamente las reconocidas ocialmente. Ingreso nacional bruto per cápita en ppa dólares ( 2014): 14.353 USD (Banco Mundial) IDH valor numérico / orden mundial): 0.78/58 (Informe de Desarrollo Humano 2015, PNUD) Tasa de alfabetización: 99% (CIA World Factbook 2015) Tasa de natalidad: 15,7/1.000 populación (CIA World Factbook estimado 2017) 2 FICHA PAÍS ANTIGUA Y BARBUDA 1.4. Estructura del Producto Interior Bruto realización de una actividad empresarial de inversión por un mínimo de US$ 1.500.000. Tras el paso del huracán Irma en septiembre de 2017, se redujo la El sector servicios es el principal sector productivo de la economía de Antigua y contribución mínima al National Development Fund para acceso a la naciona- Barbuda (77,5% del PIB total ), seguido por la industria ( 20,2% del PIB), mientras lidad a 100.000 USD. que el sector agrícola tiene un papel residual (apenas el 2,3% del PIB). Fuente: CIA World Factbook estimado 2016 INDICADORES ECONÓMICOS 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* PIBmill.$dólar Caribe Oriental 3.066,0 3.043,5 3.223,8 3.821,8* 3.985,4 1.5. Coyuntura económica PIB mill. $ USA 1.135,5 1.127,1 1.194,0 1.411,5* 1.476,1 PIB % crecimiento -7,1 -1,8 4,0 0,1* 1,9 La economía de Antigua y Barbuda ha girado tradicionalmente en torno al cul- Tasa de inflación (%) 3,1 3,3 3,4 1,1 1,4 tivo intensivo de la caña de azúcar. Hace 20 años el gobierno apostó por diver- Balanza c/c mill. USA -167,1 -117,7 -166,8 -204,4 -162,9 sificar la estructura productiva del país y promover el turismo. Tipo cambio con $USA 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 Fuente: Informe Economist Intelligence Unit marzo 2015 La economía creció de forma significativa de 2003 a 2007 (alcanzando un 12% en 2006) de la mano de un boom en la construcción de hoteles y viviendas con 1.6. Comercio exterior motivo de la Copa del Mundo de Cricket, pero a partir de 2007 entró en un ciclo negativo. ESTRUCTURA DE LA BALANZA COMERCIAL (MILLONES $) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (EST.) Los principales retos para lograr un crecimiento sostenible son una mayor di- Importaciones -453,9 -430,7 -483,5 -494,4 -469,5 versificación de su economía, equilibrio financiero y conseguir una mayor in- Exportaciones 45,7 56,2 59,0 64,2 59,8 tegración regional. Fuente: Economist Intelligence Unit, marzo 2015 Dado que se trata de una economía muy dependiente del turismo, el impacto 1.7. Distribución del comercio por países de la reducción de los flujos de visitantes como consecuencia de la crisis inter- nacional fue muy negativo. El gobierno ha emprendido políticas de diversifica- PRINCIPALES % DEL PRINCIPALES %DEL ción en torno al transporte, comunicaciones, juegos de azar por internet y ser- PROVEEDORES TOTAL CLIENTES TOTAL vicios financieros. El aeropuerto de St John´s opera a modo de hub regional. EEUU 43,7 San Cristóbal y Nieves 31,9 Reino Unido 6,3 Guadalupe 23,2 Enfrentado a crecientes dificultades macroeconómicas, el Gobierno obtuvo un Trinidad y Tobago 5,1 Dominica 16,3 préstamo de US$ 30M del Banco de Desarrollo del Caribe en diciembre 2009. Japón 3,7 Barbados 11 Su incorporación al ALBA le había permitido en agosto de ese año acceder a Fuente: Statistics Division, Ministry of Finance, Antigua and Barbuda. otro préstamo de US$ 50M destinado a apoyo presupuestario. En junio 2010 firmó un acuerdo stand-by a tres años con el FMI por valor de US$ 117,8M y 1.8. Distribución del comercio por productos cuya ejecución se completó en junio de 2013 con valoración positiva del FMI y el desembolso de los últimos 25,4 millones de USD. El FMI ha pedido al actual Los principales productos que importa Antigua y Barbuda son combustibles, gobierno que mantenga una mayor disciplina fiscal. petróleo y lubricantes, seguidos de productos alimenticios y animales, y equipa- miento y maquinaria de transportes. El país presenta un índice de desarrollo humano medio-alto: ocupa el lugar 58 en el Informe de Desarrollo Humano 2015. Ha alcanzado los principales ODMs, Las principales partidas exportadoras de Antigua y Barbuda son bebidas y taba- en particular en relación con salud y educación (casi 100% de la población co, y productos alimenticios y animales. adulta está alfabetizada). Fuente: Statistics Division, Ministry of Finance, Antigua and Barbuda En términos de renta per capita (US$ 14.353 USD según el World Development 1.9. Inversiones por países Report del Banco Mundial), figura entre las más altas de la región, pero el país es extremadamente vulnerable al cambio climático y los desastres naturales, AÑO MILL. $ USA huracanes en particular. La isla de Barbuda quedó totalmente devastada du- 2008 161 rante el paso del huracán Irma en septiembre 2017 y su población fue total- 2009 85 mente evacuada. Los índices de criminalidad van en aumento y afectan ne- 2010 101 gativamente al turismo. El país aspira a expandir y modernizar su sector de 2011 68 servicios financieros. En febrero de 2014 Antigua y Barbuda salió de la lista 2012 134 gris de blanqueo de capitales por la mejora significativa de sus políticas en 2013 138 este ámbito. Fuente: UNCTAD World Investment Report 2014 El gobierno de Gaston Browne cuando fue elegido en 2014 anunció como obje- tivo la reducción de la deuda pública cercana al 130% y del endeudamiento de 2. SITUACIÓN POLÍTICA casi 130 millones de USD. El gobierno salido de las elecciones de 2014 se fijó como prioridad la lucha contra el desempleo, reactivar la estancada economía 2.1. Política interior y la lucha contra el crimen. Antigua y Barbuda es una monarquía constitucional con un Parlamento que si- Siguiendo el ejemplo de varios países de la región, Antigua y Barbuda ha pues- gue el modelo Westminster. Es miembro de la Commonwealth, y el jefe de Esta- to en marcha un programa de Ciudadanía por Inversiones para atraer Inver- do es la Reina británica Isabel II, representada por un Gobernador General (Dr. sión Extranjera Directa. Las opciones para canje de nacionalidad por inversión Rodney Williams) con funciones meramente protocolarias. son la contribución de un mínimo de US$ 200.000 al National Development Fund, la inversión de un mínimo de US$ 400.000 en el sector inmobiliario o la El poder legislativo, bicameral, recae en la Cámara de Representantes y el Sena- 3 FICHA PAÍS ANTIGUA Y BARBUDA do. La Cámara de Representantes, que se renueva cada cinco años mediante el Datos biográficos voto popular en elecciones generales, consta de 19 miembros, 17 elegidos en las elecciones generales y dos asientos reservados, uno para el fiscal general y otro Dr. Rodney Williams, Gobernador General para el portavoz. De formación médico especialista en Medicina Deportiva, Williams se ha conver- En las elecciones celebradas el pasado 12 de junio de 2014, el hasta entonces tido en el cuarto Gobernador General de Antigua y Barbuda. opositor Antigua Labour Party (ALP) de Gaston Browne ganó 14 de los 17 escaños de la Cámara. Los otros tres escaños permanecen en poder del partido liderado Fue parlamentario representando al ABLP desde que entrara en política al fallecer por el anterior Primer Ministro Baldwin Spencer, United Progressive Party (UPP) su padre, Ernest Emmanuel Williams, el parlamentario más veterano de Antigua.
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