Portable Network Graphics
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Combinatorial Optimization Problems in Internet Applications
Poznań University of Technology Institute of Computing Science Combinatorial optimization problems in Internet applications Doctoral thesis Jakub Marszałkowski Supervisor: prof. dr hab. inż. Maciej Drozdowski Poznań, 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Motivation . 4 1.2 Scope and Puropose . 5 1.3 Methodology . 6 1.4 Common webpage-related factors . 10 1.5 Outline of the Thesis . 11 2 Layout Partitioning for Advertisements Fit 13 2.1 Website’s Layouts and Ad Placement . 13 2.2 Problem Formulation . 16 2.3 Objective Functions . 19 2.3.1 Max Ad Number Function . 20 2.3.2 Max Most Difficult to Pack Ad Unit Function . 20 2.3.3 Min Single Ad Waste . 20 2.4 Solution Method . 21 2.4.1 Combining Ad Units . 22 2.4.2 Valid Column Widths List . 23 2.4.3 Browsing Layouts . 24 2.4.4 Selecting Final Results . 25 2.4.5 Example For a Small Instance . 25 2.5 Benchmarks . 27 2.5.1 Data Sets . 27 2.5.2 Webmaster Survey . 27 2.6 Computational Experiments . 29 2.6.1 Input Parameters . 29 2.6.2 Execution Times . 31 2.6.3 Layout Partitioning Results and Discussion . 31 2.7 Conclusions . 35 3 Tag Cloud Construction 37 3.1 Tag Clouds . 37 3.2 Problem Analysis and Related Work Survey . 38 3.2.1 Tag cloud taxonomy . 38 3.2.2 Related work . 40 3.2.3 Tag Cloud Usability Studies . 42 3.2.4 Tag Clouds for the Web . 43 3.2.5 Client Side . 44 3.2.6 Analysis of Packing Problem Properties . -
Web Design for Developers
What Readers Are Saying About Web Design for Developers This is the book I wish I had had when I started to build my first web- site. It covers web development from A to Z and will answer many of your questions while improving the quality of the sites you produce. Shae Murphy CTO, Social Brokerage As a web developer, I thought I knew HTML and CSS. This book helped me understand that even though I may know the basics, there’s more to web design than changing font colors and adding margins. Mike Weber Web application developer If you’re ready to step into the wonderful world of web design, this book explains the key concepts clearly and effectively. The comfortable, fun writing style makes this book as enjoyable as it is enlightening. Jeff Cohen Founder, Purple Workshops This book has something for everyone, from novice to experienced designers. As a developer, I found it extremely helpful for my day-to- day work, causing me to think before just putting content on a page. Chris Johnson Solutions developer From conception to launch, Mr. Hogan offers a complete experience and expertly navigates his audience though every phase of develop- ment. Anyone from beginners to seasoned veterans will gain valuable insight from this polished work that is much more than a technical guide. Neal Rudnik Web and multimedia production manager, Aspect This book arms application developers with the knowledge to help blur the line that some companies place between a design team and a development team. After all, just because someone is a “coder” doesn’t mean he or she can’t create an attractive and usable site. -
Pagedout 001 Beta1.Pdf
Paged Out! is what happens when a technical reviewer sees too many 20-page long programming articles in a short period of time. Though that's only part of the story. The idea of an experimental zine focusing on very short articles spawned in my mind around a year ago and was slowly — almost unconsciously Paged Out! Institute — developing in my head until early 2019, when I finally decided https://pagedout.institute/ that this whole thing might actually work (even given my chronic lack of time). Project Lead Why short articles in the first place, you ask? They are faster to Gynvael Coldwind read, faster to write, faster to review, and it's fully acceptable to write a one-pager on this one cool trick you just used in a project / exploit. Furthermore, as is the case with various forms Executive Assistant of constraint programming and code golfing, I believe adding Arashi Coldwind some limitations might push one to conjure up interesting tricks while constructing the article (especially if the author has DTP Programmer almost full control of the article's layout) and also, hopefully, foxtrot_charlie increase the knowledge-to-space ratio. Giving authors freedom to arrange the layout as they please has DTP Advisor interesting consequences by itself. First of all, we can totally tusiak_charlie dodge a standard DTP process – after all, we get PDFs that already use the final layouts and can be merged into an issue with just a set of scripts (therefore our Institute has a DTP Lead Reviewers Programmer instead of a DTP Artist). Secondly, well, every Mateusz "j00ru" Jurczyk article looks distinctly different — this is the reason I say our KrzaQ project is "experimental" — because nobody can predict whether this artistic chaos of a magazine will get accepted by our technical community. -
Stupanj Kompresije I Utjecaj Na Kvalitetu Webp Formata Slike
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU GRAFIČKI FAKULTET JOSIP MIJIĆ STUPANJ KOMPRESIJE I UTJECAJ NA KVALITETU WEBP FORMATA SLIKE DIPLOMSKI RAD Zagreb, 2014 godina JOSIP MIJIĆ STUPANJ KOMPRESIJE I UTJECAJ NA KVALITETU WEBP FORMATA SLIKE DIPLOMSKI RAD Mentor: Student: Doc.dr.sc Ante Poljičak Josip Mijić Zagreb, 2014 godina 2 Rješenje o odobrenju teme diplomskog rada 3 Sažetak U ovom diplomskom radu se upoznaje i analizira novi format za kompresiju slike Webp. Webp je format za kompresiju slika i fotografija koji je nedavno razvila kompanija Google kako bi dodatno ubrzao učitavanje slikovnih sadržaja s interneta, te samim time uvelike smanjio promet na internetu. Prema istraživanjima koje je proveo Google slike i fotografija predstavljaju 65% današnjeg prometa na internetu stoga i malo poboljšanje stupnja kompresije, uz zadržavanje jednake kvalitete slike može osigurati velike uštede prilikom slanja ili pohranjivanja slikovnih informacija [1]. Webp spada u grupu formata sa gubitkom kvalitete (engl. lossy) format kao što je i JPEG. Za veću kompresiju u odnosu na JPEG format, WebP format koristi kompresiju zasnovanu na VP8 kodnom sustavu, open-source rješenju za sažimanje videa u formatu WebM. Osim detaljne analize Webp formata, u radu će se obraditi i JPEG, kao najrašireniji format za kompresiju slike. Također, teoretski će biti obrađene i mjere za objektivnu kvalitetu slike, prvenstveno PSNR – omjer vršnog signala i šuma (engl. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio). U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada provesti će se usporedba Jpeg i Webp formata sa stajališta sposobnosti sažimanja slika i utjecaja na kvalitetu slike. Ključne riječi: JPEG, WEBP, kompresija, slika, fotografija 4 Sadržaj Sažetak ......................................................................................................................................... -
PNG - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1 of 8 PNG
PNG - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 8 PNG From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Portable Network Graphics is a bitmap image format that File extension: .png employs lossless data compression. MIME type: image/png PNG was created to both improve Developed by: W3C upon and replace the GIF format with Type of format: Image file formats an image file format that does not require a patent license to use. PNG is officially pronounced as "ping" (/pɪŋ/ in IPA), but it is often just spelled out — possibly to avoid confusion with the network tool ping. PNG is supported by the libpng reference library, a platform- independent library that contains C functions for handling PNG images. PNG files nearly always use the file extension PNG or png and are assigned the MIME media type A PNG image with an 8-bit image/png (approved on October transparency channel (top). The same 14, 1996). image is overlaid onto a checkered background (bottom). Contents 1 History and development 2 Technical details 2.1 File header 2.2 "Chunks" within the file 2.2.1 Essential chunks 2.2.2 Metadata chunks 2.3 Color depth 2.4 Transparency of image 2.5 Compression 2.6 Interlacing 2.7 Animation 3 Technical comparison with GIF 4 Bitmap graphics editor support for PNG 5 Web browser support for PNG 6 File size and optimization software 7 Comparison with JPEG 8 Comparison with TIFF 9 See also 10 External links 10.1 libpng.org 10.2 W3C 10.3 Others 10.4 Internet Explorer incompatibility http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNG 30/07/2006 PNG - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 8 History and development The motivation for creating the PNG format came in early 1995, after Unisys announced that it would be enforcing software patents on the LZW data compression algorithm used in the GIF format (the acronym PNG was originally recursive, standing for "PNG's Not GIF"). -
Storagetek Tape Analytics Licensing Information User Manual, Release 2.1 E59803-02 Copyright © 2015, Oracle And/Or Its Affiliates
1[StorageTek] Tape Analytics Licensing Information User Manual Release 2.1 E59803-02 June 2015 StorageTek Tape Analytics Licensing Information User Manual, Release 2.1 E59803-02 Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. -
LCH-Png-Chapter.Pdf
1 Overview PNG, the Portable Network Graphics format, is a robust, extensible, general-purpose and patent-free image format. In this chapter we briefly describe the events that led to its creation in early 1995 and how the resulting design decisions affect its compression. Then we examine PNG’s compression engine, the deflate algorithm, quickly touch on the zlib stream format, and discuss some of the tunable settings of its most popular implementation. Since PNG’s compression filters are not only critical to its efficiency but also one of its more unusual features, we spend some time describing how they work, including several examples. Then, because PNG is a practical kind of a format, we give some practical rules of thumb on how to optimize its compression, followed by some “real-world” comparisons with GIF, TIFF and gzip. Finally we cover some of the compression-related aspects of MNG, PNG’s animated cousin, and wrap up with pointers to other sources for further reading. 2 Historical Background Image formats are all about design decisions, and such decisions often can be understood only in an historical context. This is particularly true of PNG, which was created during—and as part of—the “Wild West” days of the Web. Though PNG’s genesis was at the beginning of 1995, its roots go back much further, to the seminal compression papers by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv in 1977 and 1978.[?, ?] The algorithms described in those papers, commonly referred to as “LZ77” and “LZ78” for obvious reasons,[?] spawned a whole host of refinements. -
Gwyddion-User-Guide-En.Pdf
Gwyddion user guide Petr Klapetek, David Necas,ˇ and Christopher Anderson This guide is a work in progress. ii Gwyddion user guide Copyright © 2004–2007, 2009–2021 Petr Klapetek, David Necas,ˇ Christopher Anderson Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of either • The GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License. • The GNU General Public License, Version 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU General Public License. Contents iii Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . .1 1.2 Licensing . .1 2 Installation 2 2.1 Linux/Unix Packages . .2 2.2 MS Windows Packages . .2 Uninstallation . .2 Registry keys . .3 Missing features . .3 Enabling pygwy . .3 3 Getting Started 4 3.1 Main Window . .4 3.2 Data Browser . .5 Controlling the Browser . .6 Images.........................................................6 Graphs.........................................................6 Spectra . .6 Volume ........................................................6 XYZ..........................................................6 3.3 Managing Files . .6 File Loading . .7 File Merging . .8 File Saving . .8 Document History . .8 3.4 Data Window . .9 3.5 Graph Window . .9 3.6 Tools.......................................................... 10 3.7 False Color Mapping . 11 Color Range Tool . 12 Color Gradient Editor . 13 3.8 Presentations and Masks . 13 Presentations . 13 Masks......................................................... 14 3.9 Selections . 14 Selection Manager . 15 3.10 OpenGL 3D Data Display . -
MBS PNG Plugin.Pdf
MBS PNG Plugin Documentation Christian Schmitz July 16, 2017 2 0.1 Introduction This is the PDF version of the documentation for the Xojo (Real Studio) Plug-in from Monkeybread Software Germany. Plugin part: MBS PNG Plugin 0.2 Content • 1 List of all topics 3 • 2 List of all classes 9 • 3 List of all global methods 11 • 4 All items in this plugin 13 • 7 List of Questions in the FAQ 55 • 8 The FAQ 65 Chapter 1 List of Topics • 6 PNG 27 { 4.1.1 class Folderitem 13 ∗ 4.1.3 OpenAsPNGMBS(gamma as single = 0.0, AllowDamaged as Boolean = false) as PNG- PictureMBS 13 ∗ 4.1.4 SaveAs8BitAlphaPNGMBS(pic as picture, colors() as color, alphas() as Integer, gamma as single = 0.0) as boolean 14 ∗ 4.1.5 SaveAs8BitAlphaPNGMBS(pic as picture, colors() as color, alphas() as Integer, gamma as single, Interlace as Boolean, FilterType as Integer) as boolean 14 ∗ 4.1.6 SaveAs8BitPNGMBS(pic as picture, colors() as color, gamma as single = 0.0) as boolean 15 ∗ 4.1.7 SaveAs8BitPNGMBS(pic as picture, colors() as color, gamma as single, Interlace as Boolean, FilterType as Integer) as boolean 16 ∗ 4.1.8 SaveAsPNGMBS(pic as picture, gamma as single = 0.0) as boolean 16 ∗ 4.1.9 SaveAsPNGMBS(pic as picture, gamma as single, Interlace as Boolean, FilterType as Integer) as boolean 17 ∗ 4.1.10 SaveAsPNGMBS(pic as picture, mask as picture, gamma as single = 0.0) as boolean 18 ∗ 4.1.11 SaveAsPNGMBS(pic as picture, mask as picture, gamma as single, Interlace as Boolean, FilterType as Integer) as boolean 19 { 6.1 Globals 27 ∗ 6.1.1 PictureToPNGStringMBS(pic as picture, gamma as single = 0.0) as string 27 ∗ 6.1.2 PictureToPNGStringMBS(pic as picture, gamma as single, Interlace as Boolean, Filter- Type as Integer) as string 27 ∗ 6.1.3 PictureToPNGStringMBS(pic as picture, mask as picture, gamma as single = 0.0) as string 28 ∗ 6.1.4 PictureToPNGStringMBS(pic as picture, mask as picture, gamma as single, Interlace as Boolean, FilterType as Integer) as string 29 ∗ 6.1.5 PNGStringToPictureMBS(data as string, gamma as single = 0.0, AllowDamaged as boolean = false) as picture 30 3 4 CHAPTER 1. -
Exploring Programmable Self-Assembly in Non-DNA Based Molecular Computing
Exploring Programmable Self-Assembly in Non-DNA based Molecular Computing Germ´anTerrazas∗ Hector Zenil y Natalio Krasnogor z The final publication is available at link.springer.com DOI: 10.1007/s11047-013-9397-2 Abstract of how the objects and the environment that con- tains them can be designed in such a way that the Self-assembly is a phenomenon observed in na- final outcome of the self-assembling process is a ture at all scales where autonomous entities build specific pre-ordained one. As surveyed in Pelesko complex structures, without external influences (2007), this problem is usually addressed through nor centralised master plan. Modelling such enti- very sophisticated heuristics methods as, in lieu ties and programming correct interactions among of the NP-hardness (in some cases even undecid- them is crucial for controlling the manufacture ability) of the most relevant backward problems, of desired complex structures at the molecular exact analytical solutions are very rarely achiev- and supramolecular scale. This work focuses able. The third problem, that of the yield of a self- on a programmability model for non DNA-based assembly process, is related to the estimation and molecules and complex behaviour analysis of their control of how many of the intended target self- self-assembled conformations. In particular, we assembled objects one can expect from a partic- look into modelling, programming and simulation ular self-assembling system (this problem is ubiq- of porphyrin molecules self-assembly and apply uitous in the chemical sciences). The observation Kolgomorov complexity-based techniques to clas- that \self-assembly and computation are linked by sify and assess simulation results in terms of in- the study of mathematical tiling" (Rothemund, formation content. -
Portable Network Graphics
PORTABLE NETWORK GRAPHICS Original article you can find here http://pmt.sourceforge.net/pngcrush/ [DOWNLOAD] [CHANGELOG] Pngcrush är en optimerare för PNG (Portable Network Graphics) filer. Man kan köra den från en kommandorad i ett MSDOS fönster, samt från en UNIX eller LINUX kommandorad. Först och främst använder man den för att reducera storlek på PNG IDAT dataströmmen tack olika sorters kompimeringsgrader och filter för PNG. Man kan också använda den inom eliminering av oönskade underordnade bitar eller tilläggning av vissa bitar inklusive gAMA, tRNS, iCCP, och textbitar. I fall pngcrush är statiskt kopplad till en zlib kod, anses den vara försäkrad mot den zlib-1.1.3 "double-free" buggen tack möjligheten att både define och underkänna varje "double-free" försök. Pngcrush genererar ett så kallade "Decompression Error" meddelande och underkänner filen. Pngcrush är en tillgänglig resurs som får användas, modifieras och omfördelas av vem som helst, och man behöver inte betala skatter för att göra det. Licensen som finns i pngcrush.c filen liknar den som finns i libpng filen, png.h, men är inte samma sak. Källkoden för pngcrush är här. och binära programfiler, som är skapade av frivilliga tredje parter och kan vara ouppdaterade, är här. Pngcrush använder libpng och zlib, som finns i denna källa för pngcrush distribution. Man har modifierad de två sista lite grann: • libpng's pngconf.h är modifierad för att "#include pngcrush.h" som används o för att "#define out" delar av biblioteket man inte använder o # define PNG_SETJMP_NOT_SUPPORTED o # define PNG_ABORT() o för att utöka IDAT buffert storlek, och • zlib är modifierad för att sätta TOO_FAR macro på 32767 i deflate.c Om du vill, kan du kompilera bara pngcrush.c från pngcrush källan och köra den med libpng och zlib som man hittar på PNG webbplats, www.libpng.org/pub/png/. -
View the Index
INDEX Symbols and Numbers patterns in, 196 shapes in, 200 ; (semicolon) selecting in, 78, 81, 200 in command line calls, 504 styling in, 202, 208, 212 in CSS properties, 88, 140, 482 3D boxes, 199, 205–212 : (colon) applying path effects to, 252 in command line calls, 504 converting to in CSS properties, 87, 482 groups of paths, 200, 206, 211, 458 in element and attribute names, 476 guides, 119–120 / (slash), in XML, 474 creating, 200, 207 ... (ellipsis) as drawing aid, 431–435 as stroke marker, 168 editing handles of, 200, 207, 209–211 in text, 332 opacity of, 211 • (bullet), in text, 332 perspective of, 207–209, 485 ‘...’ (curly single quotes), in text, 332 selecting, 200, 206, 211 "..." (double quotes) sides of, 205, 211 in command line calls, 504 snapping, 210, 433 in XML, 475 styling, 201–202, 208, 211–212 “...” (curly double quotes), in text, 332 tessellation with, 457–459 «...» (double guillemets), in text, 332 tweaking, 212 © (copyright sign), in text, 332 ungrouping, 211 ® (registered sign), in text, 332 unmerging, 208 ™ (trademark sign), in text, 332 vanishing points of, 207–209, 432–433 # (hash mark), in SVG, 87, 483 z-order of, 211 × (multiplication sign), in text, 332 See also shapes <...> (angle brackets), in XML, 474 3D effects, 287 = (equal sign) 3D Polyhedron extension, 406 in command line options, 498 3D software, 6, 206 in XML, 475 7-Zip file archiver, 18 – (en dash), — (em dash), in text, 332 3D Box tool, 6, 14, 24, 206, 431–435 A controls bar of, 201 Angle fields, 207 About dialog, 18, 206 New/Change label, 201 accelerated