Poster Session Abstracts POSTERS–THURSDAY 103Rd Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science New Orleans, Louisiana
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Poster Session Abstracts POSTERS–THURSDAY 103rd Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science New Orleans, Louisiana All posters are displayed in the Poster Hall—Napoleon Ballroom on the the region were not very favorable for the growth and development of third floor of the Sheraton New Orleans Hotel. Leuzea. Also, for the tested region, Leuzea should be grown only under irrigation. Yields of Leuzea roots and rhizomes reached 7.19 t/ha in the The number (in parentheses) preceeding the poster title corresponds 2nd year, and up to 8.62 t/ha in the 3rd year. Yields of aboveground to the location of the poster within the Poster Hall. herbage were up to 8.73 t/ha when plants were harvested at the begin- ning of blossoming. Second cut of the above-ground herbage of Leuzea Presenting authors are denoted by an astrisk (*). was not satisfactory under the climatic conditions of the region. When grown for seed production, seed yields during the 3rd year were up to 128 kg/ha. Leuzea may have a potential as a cash crop for the region Poster Session 1—Herbs, Spices, and Medicinals if grown for seed production. 27 July 2006, 12:00–12:45 p.m. (134) Effect of Seed Source and Organic (132) Study on Morphological Characteristics and Management on Agronomic Performance of Three Essential Oil Constituents Bulgarian Oil-bearing Rose Species of Echinacea Natasha Kovacheva1, Krasimir Rusanov2, Valtcho Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov)*3, Nedko Nedkov1 Fredy R. Romero*, Kathleen Delate, David Hannapel 1Institute of Rose and Aromatic Plants, Institute of Rose and Aromatic Plants, Kazanlak, Iowa State University, Horticulture, Ames, IA, 50011 Bulgaria; 2AgroBioInstitute, Bulgaria, So, AgroBioInstitute, Dragan Tsankov 8, Sofia, Consumption of Echinacea, one of the most popular botanical supple- Bulgaria, Sofia, Bulgaria; 3Mississippi State, North Mississippi Reserch and Ext. Center, Verona, MS, 38879 ments, continues to expand in the United States. In addition, organic herbal products have captured a large share of the botanical supple- Bulgaria is famous for its 330-year-old-tradition in rose oil produc- ment market. We evaluated commercial organic production of the tion, which is based on the Kazanluk rose (Rosa damascena Mill. f. three most-important medicinal species of Echinacea, E. angustifolia trigintipetala Dieck.). The Bulgarian rose oil (otto) is recognized as DC, E. purpurea (L) Moench., and E. pallida (Nutt.) from two seed the ultimate rose oil. For successful selection and breeding work of sources. Plants were grown in the field for 3 consecutive years. We oil-bearing roses, information is needed on the variation of morphologi- found that, during the first year, screen cages were associated with cal and phenological characteristics and essential oil composition of enhanced post-transplanting establishment. Growth of E. angustifolia locally available genotypes. We estimated the correlation coefficients was not affected by either production system or seed source after 3 between yields and morphological characteristics of 15 genotypes of years, and yields were equivalent for years 2 and 3 for this species. Bulgarian oil-bearing rose. It was found that rose yields depended Growth of E. purpurea was affected by production system, but not by mostly on the number of flowers, the number of flower branches per seed source, during the first 2 years. In year 3, neither seed source nor bush, and the weight of individual flowers (r = 0.99, 0.88, and 0.84, production system affected growth of E. purpurea. Yield of E. pallida respectively). Also, we established correlations between the concen- was greater in the open field the first year; no difference between pro- trations of various essential oil constituents of the Bulgarian rose oil. duction systems was found during the second; and, by the third year, Generally, higher concentration of citronellol + nerol was associated plants growing in screened cages produced more than plants growing with lower concentration of geraniol and stereo-terpens (r = –0.76 and in the open field. Production system affected yield of E. purpurea only –0.59, respectively). Also, higher concentration of citronellol + nerol was during year 2, and yield was greater in the open field than in screened positively correlated to increased concentration of terpene aldehydes (r cages. Echinacea plants in the open field, however, were more affected = 0.63) and esters (r = 0.48). The geraniol concentration was positively by aster yellows disease, with an infection rate of 17% for E. purpurea correlated to stearoptenes (r = 0.57). Both morphological characteristics in the open field compared to 3% under screen cages. Based on these and essential oil constituents should be used for further selection of results, in areas of aster yellows incidence, excellent Echinacea root high-yielding cultivars with desirable essential oil composition. yields can be obtained under screen cages using organic seeds. (133) Growth and Development of Introduced (135) Study on the Seed Progeny of Echinacea Leuzea in the Rose Valley, Bulgaria 1 1 purpurea Mench. Anatoli Dzhurmanski , Georgi Dzhurmanski , 1 2 3 Valtcho Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov)*2 Anatoli Dzhurmanski , Kana Varbanova , Valtcho Zheljazkov* 1Research Institute for Roses, Aromatic and Medicinal Crops, Kazanluk, 6100, Bulgaria; 1Institute of Rose and Aromatic Plants, Institute of Rose and Aromatic Plants, Kazanlak, 2Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Sadovo, 4122, Bulgaria; 3Mississippi State, North Bulgaria; 2Mississippi State, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, Mississippi Research and Ext. Center, Verona, MS, 38879 MS, 38879 Leuzea, or Maralroot, is a perennial medicinal plant originating from Common coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) is used as medicinal, cut- Siberia, and is characterized with significant metabolic and tonic effects. flower, or ornamental plant. There is significant diversity and chemotypes A 3-year study was conducted at the Research Institute for Roses, Aro- within the species. Flower morphology and shape has been shown to matic and Medicinal Plants Kazanluk, Bulgaria, on the introduction of affect fertilization and, subsequently, seed formation and yields, and various genotypes of Leuzea (Rhaponticum carthamoides Willd/Iljin.) seed germination. The aim of this study was to describe morphologi- from the Altai region, Russia. Phenological observations, and up to 11 cal and biological characteristics of locally available Echninacea seed progeny and evaluate segregating populations in F . Overall, the F seed morphological indices were characterized for 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old 1 1 plants. Generally, it was found that the climatic and soil conditions in progeny of Echinacea purpurea was clustered into three different groups HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 41(4), JULY 2006 1013 with distinct morphological characteristics and ornamental qualities: for 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, or 24 weeks. Both fresh and freeze-dried 1) plants having tubular type of flowers, 38.9% of all plants; 2) plants samples of the tubers were evaluated for each temperature and time with flat flowers; and 3) plants with cone-shaped flowers. The latter is treatment combination. Extractable anthocyanins were found in only the most commonly found type. We found that 11% of all Echninacea the three pigmented genotypes red/red, purple/purple, and ‘All Blue’. plants would fail to have seed set. However, 55% of Echninacea plants Anthocyanin concentrations were estimated spectrophotometrically with tubular (spherical) flowers would be without seeds. Of the plants with a Molecular Devices Spectramax 384, based upon extinction with tubular flowers, 40% were with tubules longer than 10 mm. The coefficients reported in the literature for purple and red pigmented plants from the F2 and F3 progenies were with very low seed productiv- potatoes. Anthocyanin concentration increased in storage as time in ity, with greater variation of morphological characteristics, and some storage increased for both fresh and freeze-dried samples. Tubers stored of them with characteristics not found in F1. Several promising forms at the cooler temperature (4.4 °C) had higher levels of anthocyanin than with potentially high ornamental value were identified. those tubers stored at the higher temperature (10 °C). Increased levels of anthocyanins in cold-stored tubers may be linked to the conversion of starch to sugar (so called cold sweetening) known to occur at cold (136) Effects of Healthy and Natural Ingredients in storage temperatures. Pigment extraction was more efficient from Various Beverage Lines: A Practical Approach for freeze-dried tuber samples compared to fresh tuber samples. There was, however, a similar increasing trend in both freeze-dried and fresh Small Businesses by Offering Healthy Products tuber sources with storage duration. Usha Palaniswamy*1, Zafar Bokhari2 1University of Connecticut, Asian American Studies, Storrs, CT, 06268; 2Chicago State University, Marketing, Chicago, IL, 60628-1598 (2) Icebox Watermelon Variety Trial in Western Zafi Beverages, Inc., envisioned energy drinks, mineral natural water, Washington healthy drinks for kids, exotic drinks, flavored drinks, and cholesterol- Carol A. Miles*1, Kathryn Kolker2, Tracy Smith2, Jenn Reed2, Gail reducing tea. Emphasis is on non-carbonation and the use of herbal Becker2, Carolyn Adams2 extracts. Consumption of carbonated drinks can lead to reflux, ulcer, 1Washington State University, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Vancouver, WA, and other stomach problems.