July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21487 By Mr. MOLLOHAN: elect coverage under the old-age, survivors, a proclamation calling for a "Day of Bread" H.R. 13201. A bill to amend title II of the and disallllity insurance system; to the Com­ and "Hazvest Festival"; to the Committee on Social Securlty Act to increase the amount of mittee on Ways and Means. the Judiciary. outside earnings permitted each year with­ By Mr. CELLER: By Mr. WATSON: out any deductions from benefits there­ H.R. 13212. A bill granting the consent of H.J. Res. 852. Joint resolution proposing an under; to the Committee on. Ways and Means. Congress to the Connecticut-New York rail­ amendment to the Oonstitution of the By Mr. MOSHER: road passenger transportation compact; to United States relative to equal rights for H.R. 13202. A bill to amend the act of Au­ the Committee on the Judiciary. men and women; to the Committee on the gust 13, 1946, relating to Federal participa­ By Mr. HELSTOSKI: Judiciary. tion in the cost of protecting the shores of H.R. 13213. A bill to amend title 18, United By Mr.DENT: the United States, its territories, and posses­ States Code, to prohibit the establishment of H. Con. Res. 309. Concurrent resolution, sions, to include privately owned property; emergency detention camps and to provide second listing of operating Federal assist­ to the Committee on Public Works. that no citizen of the United States shall be ance programs compiled during the Roth By Mr. PHILBIN: committed for detention or imprisonment in study; to the Committee on House Admin­ H.R. 13203. A bill to establish an urban any facility of the U.S. Government except istration. mass transportation trust fund, and for in conformity with the provisions of title By Mr. FINDLEY (for himself, Mr. other purposes; to the Committee on Bank­ 18; to the Committee on the Judiciary. FULTON of Pennsylvania, Mr. ing and Currency. By Mr. McCLURE (for himself, Mr. MCCLOSKEY, and Mr. SANDMAN): By Mr. PODELL: ANDERSON of Illinois, Mr. BUTTON, H. Con. Res. 310. Concurrent resolution re­ H.R. 13204. A bill to amend title 18 of the Mr. DENT, Mr. FISHER, Mr, FuLTON lating to an Atlantic Union delegation; to United States Code in order to prohibit per­ of Pennsylvania, Mr. LATI'A, Mr. the Committee on Foreign Affairs. sonal investigations by private organizations MEEDS, Mr. MELCHER, Mr. MINSHALL, By Mr. WOLFF: of congressional employees engaged in the Mr. MURPHY of New York, Mr. PEP­ H. Res. 504. Resolution urging the Presi­ development of legislation affecting the in­ PER, and Mr. SHRIVER): dent to resubmit to the Senate for ratifica­ terests of such organizations; to the Com­ H.R. 13214. A bill to authorize the minting tion the Geneva Protocol of 1925 banning mittee on the Judiciary. of clad silver dollars bearing the likeness of the first use of gas and bacteriological war­ By Mr. RIEGLE: the late Dwight David Eisenhower; to the fare; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H.R. 13205. A bill to establish in the State Committee on Banking and Currency. of Michigan the Sleeping Bear Dunes Na­ By Mr. MESKILL (for hiinself, Mr. tional Lakeshore, and for other purposes; to WEICKER, Mr. MONAGAN, Mr. ST. MEMORIALS the Committee on Interior and Insular ONGE, Mr. GIAIMO, and M..·. DAD- Affairs. DARIO): . Under clause 4 of rule XXII, By Mr. STUCKEY: H.R. 13215. A bill granting the consent of 247. The SPEAKER presented a memorial of H.R. 13206. A bill to provide incentives for Congress to the Connecticut-New York rail­ the Legislature of the State of Florida, rela­ the establishment of new or expanded job­ road passenger transportation compact; to tive to the redesignation of Cape Kennedy producing industrial and commercial estab­ the Committee on the Judiciary. as "Cape Canaveral," which was referred to lishments in rural areas; to the Committee By. Mr. YATRON: the Committee on Science and Astronautics. on Ways and Means. H .R. 13216. A bill to amend the Internal By Mr. WATKINS: Revenue Code of 1954 to double the amount H.R. 13207. A bill to permit the sale of cer­ of the basic personal income tax exemption PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS tain low-rent housing to the Borough of allowed a taxpayer; to the Committee on Upland, Pa.; to the Committee on Banking Ways and Means. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private and Currency. By Mrs. DWYER (for herself and Mr. bills and resolutions were introduced and By Mr. WHALEN: FOUNTAIN): severally referred as follows: H.R. 13208. A bill to amend the Internal H .R. 13217. A bill to provide for the bal­ By Mr. PHILBIN: Revenue Code of 1954 to increase from $600 anced urban development and growth of the H.R. 13218. A bill for the relief of Mr. and to $800 the personal income tax exemptions United States; to the Committee on Govern­ Mrs. Joseph E. Begnoche; to the Committee of a taxpayer (including the exemption for ment Operations. on the Judiciary. a spouse, the exemptions for a dependent, By Mr. CRAMER: By Mr. HASTINGS: and the additional exemptions for old age H.J. Res. 849. Joint resolution to redesig­ R.R. 13219. A bill for the relief of Frank and blindness); to the Committee on Ways n,a.te the area in the State of Florida known E. Dart; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and Means. as Cape Kennedy as "Cape Canaveral"; to By Mr. RODINO (by request) : By Mr. BINGHAM: the Committee on Science and Astronautics. H. Res. 505. Resolution. referring H.R. H.R. 13209. A bill to incorporate the Asso­ By Mr. HARVEY: 13148 to the Chief Commissioner of the ciation of American Law Schools; to the H .J. Res. 850. Joint resolution proposing an Court of Claims; to the Committee on the Committee on the Judiciary. amendment to the Constitution of the United Judiciary. By Mr. BUTTON: States relia.tive to equal rights for men and H.R. 13210. A bill to amend the Communi­ women; to the Committee on the Judiciary. cations Act of 1934 to prohibit the granting By Mr. PURCELL (for himself, Mr. PETITIONS, ETC. of authority by the Federal Communications HULL, Mr. MATSUNAGA, Mr. CABELL, Commission for the broadcast of pay televi­ Mr. RARICK, Mr. HANLEY, Mr. STEED, Under clause 1 of rule XXII, sion programs; to the Committee on Inter­ Mr. FOLEY, and Mr. EVANS of Colo­ 198. The SPEAKER presented a petition of state and Foreign Commerce. rado): the City Council, Boston, Mass.; relative to H.R. 13211. A bill to permit officers and H.J. Res. 851. Joint resolutl..on requesting pollution in Boston Harbor, which was re­ employees of the Federal Government to the President of the United States to issue ferred to the Committee on Public Works.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS REFUTATION OF THE 1966 FDA from potency alone." From 1966 to the Mr. President, I take no position in this DRUG POTENCY STUDY present, FDA representatives have re­ matter at this time. I am a newly elected peatedly in press releases, statements be­ Member of the Senate and newly ap­ fore congressional committees, and pointed to the Small Business Committee HON. ROBERT DOLE speeches affirmed their support of the OF KANSAS and to its Subcommittee on Monopoly. 1966 study. Supportive discussion or com­ Before this subcommittee there have IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ment about the study has also appeared been numerous discussions about the Wednesday, July 30, 1969 in printed congressional hearings and validity of the FDA's pilot potency study. the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I have not had an opportunity to study Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, since 1966, a The industry, I am informed, has much publicized pilot potency drug sought to obtain for its rebuttal of the fully the comparative positions of indus­ study conducted- by the Federal Food FDA study reasonable coverage in con­ try and the FDA on this matter. I do, and Drug Administration has been dis­ gressional publications so that the pub­ however, intend to do so, but believe puted by the pharmaceutical industry. lic, and scientific researchers may judge that in the interest of equity and fair The essence of the conclusion reached by between the facts as presented by the play, industry i's entitled to have its posi­ the FDA in that study is ''that one out FDA and the industry and reach their tion made as fully known as possible. of every 14 drug units manufactured­ own conclusions as to the validity of the I ask unanimous consent to have in the United States-is violative just position of either. printed in the Extensions of Remarks in- 21488 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 dustry's refutation of the 1966 FDA Drug a brief letter transinitting a list of the prod­ utmzed as a vehicle for an unwarranted at­ Potency Study. ucts which FDA examined last spring, but tack on the prescription drug industry, There being no objection, the material failing to answer the questions presented in rather than as a basis for working with pro­ our four previous letters. ducers to correct possible deficiencies. As was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Based on the limited information which such, it has offended rather than served the as follows: FDA has made available, we are requesting public interest,'' he declared. STATEMENT BY C. JOSEPH STETLER, PRESIDENT, our member firms to attempt to identify the "Once before, in connection with alleged PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIA­ lots of their products which may have been drug advertising violations, an investigation TION involved in the survey, and to make whatever by our association proved that FDA was un­ Because of FDA's failure to provide mean­ follow-up tests they can on similar samples. fairly indicting the pharmaceutical industry. ingful information about its «pilot survey" And we are asking F'DA once again to pro­ At that time I raised a question which is on drug potency released on January 31, it vide useful data to us about this survey worth repeating now: is impossible to determine its validity or to for the very valid reasons stated so often "'Isn't it f~ir to require that an agency judge whether it can be u sed by quality­ in the past. which demands the truth deliver the truth?' minded manufacturers to help improve their "Among others," Stetler said, "who were products. PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION misled by FDA's drug potency statistics were Certainly it is clear that on the basis of NEWS RELEASE Senators Hart, Montoya, Nelson and Russell the published information, no valid conclu­ WASHINGTON, D.C., May 11, 1967.-Charg­ Long, all of whom have referred to it from •ion can possibly be drawn with respect to ing "gross inaccuracies" in a much-publi­ time to time in connection with pending leg­ I elative performance by individual firms or cized Food and Drug Administration survey islative proposals or hearings." l,y branded or unbranded drug products. of prescription drug potency, C. Joseph Stet­ Extracts from the statements and publica­ However, the impression created by the study ler, president of the Pharmaceutical Manu­ tions accompanied the PMA statement. and FDA's release does violence to the proven facturers Association, today demanded that f.tct that prescribing without identification the agency "repudiate the survey outright." MARCH 1969. c.r a specific product of a reliable manufac­ Stetler said that "not only the public, SUMMARY OF FDA DISCLOSURES t 1rer is not in the best interest of the patient. but at least four U.S. Senators, several news­ Products of 246 manufacturers were in­ Commissioner Goddard first revealed the papers and the author of a new book about volved in the 1966 FDA survey. Of these, 84 same statistics published this week in a drugs have been misled by the faulty study." are PMA members. Of the 84, 49 were found speech last June 8 to the Drug and Allied At issue is a survey announced last June to have one or more violative products. (PMA Products Guild. At that time he stated that 8 by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs. had 138 members in 1966). "We have to conclude that one out of every At that time the Commissioner said that his FDA reported on tests of 4,573 products. Of fourteen drug units manufactured is viola­ agency had "collected almost 4,200 drug these, 1,933 were products of PMA members. tive just on potency alone." samples" and that "7.6 percent of them de­ Of the 1,933, 119 were found by FDA to be In response to this, PMA made the first viated to a material extent from declared violative. of a series of requests for further informa­ potency . .. On the average, then, we have Overall, 8.2 percent of the products in the tion. On August 22 we asked for "details to conclude that one out of every 14 drug survey were reported to be violative. concerning these generalizations to deter­ units manufactured is violative just on po­ For the PMA member products, the com­ mine what corrective action, if any, is tency alone." parable percentage was 6.1. iudicated." Stetler said 49 of PMA's 138 member firms SUMMARY OF PMA INVESTIGATION were involved in the FDA's allegations. He On August 25 we inquired again, asking, (Please see attached questionnaire) among other things, whether there was any said that 40 of them, who responded to an dl.fference in evaluation of samples of prod- association survey, analysed their allegedly Responses to Question No. 12 are the mos·t 1!,cts of manufacturers with in-house quality violative products, finding that only one significant. <'r'mtrol and research facilities, and those percent deviated from acceptable potency Forty-two firms, with 1,382 products in the 1,,·thout. These letters were acknowledged limits. In a number of instances, Stetler survey, have undertaken internal reanalyses !Jtlptember 1 by Deputy Commissioner added, the company findings have been con­ of their 102 products alleged to be violative. Rankin, who wrote, "We . .. will be in touch firmed by independent laboratories. Results from 42 firms show that only 18 of with you later." He said four PMA member companies these products were deficient, and that 84 On October 15 Mr. Rankin repeated the have received letters from FDA in which were not. statistics in an address to the American Col­ the agency admitted it was wrong in charg­ Seven firms, with 231 products in the sur­ lege of Apothecaries which was inserted into ing violations concerning their products. vey, have not reported undertaking reanal­ the Congressional Record by Senator Hart "Public charges followed months later by yses of their 17 products alleged to be of Michigan. On October 27, therefore, we private apologies scarcely seem appropriate violative. wrote once again to the Commissioner, asking or sufficient. FDA should repudiate the sur­ Ten firms so far have reported that their for data to back up the repeatedly publicized vey outright or conduct an accurate analy­ in-house reanalyses were repeated by out­ statistics. We said: sis of the samples in question," he declared. side, independent laboratories. Results so far "We believe it is most important to obtain Stetler distributed excerpts from FDA show that of 25 allegedly violative products meaningful information on the performance statements concerning the survey, along among these ten firms, 19 have been found of drug manufacturers of various kinds, so with copies of five letters PMA directed to not violative, four were confirmed to be vio­ that mutual efforts can be put forth by the the agency between August, 1966, and May, lative, and reports were not submitted on industry and the FDA to raise the level of 1967, requesting details of the survey and two. quality of the drug supply as high as pos­ expressing the hope "that mutual efforts Thus, careful reanalyses of the porducts of sible." can be put forth by the industry and the 42 PMA member firms, alleged to be violative, Food and Drug Administration to raise the show that only one percent did not meet On December 1, we again wrote to the standard potency limits. Commissioner, trying futilely to impress him level of quality of the drug supply as high as possible." Responses to Questions No. 2 and No. 3 are that, as we said, we were "most anxious to also highly significant. submit the (missing) data to careful "We might expect," said Stetler, "that FDA · would at the very least have notified the Only six firms have repoTted being notified analysis and at the earliest possible moment by FDA of alleged violations involving their because of the serious nature of the con­ manufacturers of allegedly deficient drug clusions which have been reached by the products so that corrective action could be products in the seven months following com­ pletion of the survey in June, 1966. Thirteen FDA ..." taken. Yet this was not generally done. "We might also expect that the laboratory companies were suddenly notified in Janu­ In this letter we asked about: ary, 1967, ju.st a few days prior to public re­ "1. The nature of the sampling technique work in support of FDA's very grave conclu­ or design. sions would be accurate. Yet gross inaccura­ lease by FDA of the more detailed survey ciei:; by FDA are revealed in the subsequent results on January 31. "2. The source of the sample, i.e., retail reanalyses by the companies themselves. Responses to other questions reveal that pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, wholesaler, FDA's work has been found incorrect--and FDA failed to advise 36 firms of the sources manufacturer's distribution point or ware­ the product potencies found to be within of the samples found to be violative. This is house, reserve samples, etc. allowable limits-in at least 80 of 94 viola­ important, because it did not afford the firms "3. The lot or control numbers of the tions alleged against 40 of our members. an opportunity to check whether, for ex­ products found to be subpotent. The industry spokesman said he wished to ample, unusual storage conditions may have "4. In the case of nonofficial assays, the make clear the drug companies' view that no accounted for the potency violations alleged. method of analysis used. quantity of subpotent drug products, no Similarly, 36 firms were not told when the "5. The limits of potency of non-U.S.P. or matter how small, should be on the market. samples were obtained. N.F . drugs." "This point was made clearly in our cor­ Twenty-three firms state that they have On the evening of January 30 we learned respondence with FDA ever since last sum­ reason to believe there were more samples unofficially that FDA had reissued the news mer,'' he said. of their products obtained by FDA during published last June 8, for use in the news­ "FDA's failure promptly to notify the com­ the survey than were accounted for by FDA paper January 31. On February 1 we received panies involved indicates the survey has been as either acceptable or violative when the re- July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21489 sults were finally published. For example, one yes, Indicate the lot or control number(s) II. company received a report on 79 samples (in­ on a product-by-product basis on a separate cluding four alleged violations found base­ sheet. PMA Non-PMA less on reanalyses) , and has had no informa­ Yes------39 tion on 36 additional samples obtained from 1. Number of firms in study ______84 162 the company by FDA at the same time. NO------7 2. Number of products in study ______1, 933 2,640 9. Is your firm able to identify the lot or 3. Number of firms with alleged violations ______------___ 49 78 THE 1966 FDA SmtvEY OF DRUG POTENCY control number(s) of your product(s) (ac­ 4. Number of alleged violative samples_ 119 257 QUESTIONNAIBE ceptable or violative) -cited in the attached 5. Number of alleged brand violations __ _ 94 82 list? If so, please identify by lot or control 6. Number of alleged generic violations. 25 175 (NoTE.-This is a copy of a questionnaire number on a product-by-product basis on a sent Feb. 10, 1967, by PMA to the presidents of 49 of its member firms alleged by FDA separate sheet. Ill. to have one or more violative products on 10. Please list your products in the at­ 1. Number of PMA firms which reanalyzed samples ____ _ 42 the market. Replies for each question, sup­ tached list which have not been identified 2. Number of products reanalyzed ______102 by lot or control number by either F.D.A. or 3. Number of firms with violations ______13 plemented with later information received 4. Number of products found OK on reanalysis ______84 from the firms, are shown.) your firm. Use separate sheet. 5. Number of brand products OK on reanalysis ______71 11. Does your firm have any reason to 6. Number ot generic products OK on reanalysis ______13 To be answered as completely as possible 7. Number of actual violations ______and returned to P.M.A. no later than Friday, question the validity of F.D.A. methods or 18 February 24, 1967. Address replies to C. the statistical analysis of the results as the Joseph Stetler. Use additional sheets, if latter is related to sampling error or limits IV. of variation? If your answer is yes, please necessary. 1. Number of PMA firms which did not reanalyze ______7 1. Did your firm receive any information qualify. 2. Number of products not reanalyzed______17 from the F.D.A. or from an F.D.A. inspec­ Yes------36 tor that samples of your products cited in the No------5 enclosed list (acceptable or violative) were V. LETTERS to be the subject of this study? 12. Has your firm undertaken an analysis of the product(s) (acceptable or violative) Addressee Date Reply By whom Yes------8 cited in the attached list which you have No ------36 been able to positively identify? If so, indi­ I. Goddard ____ Aug. 22, 1966 Sept. 1, 1966 Rankin. 2. Did your firm receive any private com­ cate results in terms of percent active in­ 2. Delmore ____ Aug. 25, 1966 Aug. 31, 1966 Delmore. gredient as related to potency declaration in 3. Goddard ____ Oct. 27, 1966 ------munication from the F.D.A. or from an 4. Goddard ____ Dec. l, 1966 Feb. l, 1967 Goddard. FD.A. inspector concerning the results of labeling or U.S.P. and N.F. standards on a 5. Goddard ____ Feb. 24, 1967 Mar. 15, 1967 Do. their analysis of your products (acceptable product-by-product basis on a separate 6. Goddard ____ May 4, 1967 ------or violative) ? sheet. 7. Goddard __ __ June l, 1967 June 6, 1967 Goddard. 8. Gardner__ ___ June 12, 1967 June 27, 1967 Do. Yes: Yes------42 9. Cohen ______Aug. 28, 1967 Sept. 7, 1967 Coston. Acceptable------1 No------3 Violative ------22 13. Does your firm plan to, or will you be THE LINCOLN-DICKEY POWER No: willing to, undertake such an analysis of the product(s) which can be positively identi­ PROJECT Acceptable ------33 Violative------20 fied? 3. When was your firm advised of either Yes------38 HON. WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY (1) or (2) above? No------2 OF MAINE (1) Date 1: Apr. 1966-7; Aug. 1966-1. (NoTE: These two firms had done so prior IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (2) Date 1 : July 1966-1; Aug. 1966-1; to receipt of the questionnaire.) Wednesday, July 30, 1969 Sept. 1966-1; Oct. 1966-1; Nov. 1966-1; 14. Has F.D.A. initiated any action or Dec. 1966-1; Jan. 1967-13; Feb. 1967-1; no follow-up on the violative products of your Mr. HATHAWAY. Mr. Speaker, I want date submitted-2. firm? commend the gentleman from Con­ 4. Does your firm have any reason to be­ to lieve that a larger sample of your product(s) Additional samples: necticut (Mr. MESKILL) for the deep in­ than is cited in the attached list was ob­ Yes------20 terest in education he expressed in his tained by F.D.A. for purposes of the study? No ------19 remarks last Thursday. However, I am If your answer is yes, list the product(s) and Re-inspection of plant: very much concerned about his unwar­ number of excess samples (by lot or con­ Yes------12 ranted attack on the Dickey-Lincoln trol number, if possible) on a separate sheet. No------24 Recall: School hydroelectric project which will You may Wish to use a composite sheet for be located in my district in Maine. answers to questions 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Yes ------2 No------32 For the past 5 years this project has Yes------23 Seizure: been singled out of a multi-billion-dollar No------20 Yes------1 public works budget and has been the 5. Did F.D.A. indicate to your firm the No------32 subject of vicious and unfqunded at­ source(s) of it sample(s) of your prod­ Citation: tacks. uct(s) (acceptable or violative)? If your an­ Yes------1 The project has always enjoyed bi­ swer i's yes, list the product(s) and their No------32 partisan support in the State of Maine, source(s) on a separate sheet. Other: the other body approved the initial au­ Yes------8 Yes------4 thorization and all subsequent appro­ No------36 No ------26 priations without dissent and the proj­ 6. Did F.D.A. indicate when the sample(s) 15. Please add any additional comment, ect has had the support of both parties of your product(s) were picked up? If your suggestion, or explanation which will assist in the White House. Dickey was de­ answer is yes, indicate the date(s) on a us in the conduct of the project. veloped as a result of a study of Maine's product-by-product basis on a separate Company ------­ water power potential. This study was sheet. Signed------first authorized by President Eisenhower. Yes------8 THE 1966 F.D.A. DRUG POTENCY-COMPARATIVE President Kennedy continued the study No------36 ANALYSIS of Maine's water resources, and Presi­ 7. Is your firm able to identify either the I. dent Johnson requested the authoriza­ source(s) of the sample(s) of your prod­ tion and the initial funds to get the uct(s) or the date(s) of sampling? If your FDA PMA Dickey-Lincoln School project started. answer is yes, indic,ate source(s) and date(s) results results 1 President Nixon has since included an on a product-by-product basis on a separate item of $807,000 in his budget for this sheet. Do not include information on 1. Number of PMA firms in study ______84 84 project. source(s) or date(s) provided by F .D.A. 2. Number of firms with violations ______49 13/42 3. Number of violative products ______119 18/102 The authorization for the project was Yes------18 4. Percent of firms in study with violative approved by the House in 1965. The first products ______------~ 58. 3 15.4 NO------24 5. Percent of violative products (brand appropriation for the project was also and generic) ______8. Did F.D.A. specifically identify the lot 6 made that year by a record vote in the 6. Percent of brand violations ______2 8. 2 or control number(s) of your product{s) 7. Percent of generic violations ______2 7. 7 House. This appropriation was in the (acceptable or violative)? If your answer is amount of $800,000. A subsequent appro­ priation in the amount of $1,100,000 was 1 Does not include firms or products listed in IV. 1 Violative only. ~PMA and non-PMA firm aggregate percentages. approved the following year by a voice 21490' EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 vote. Dickey survived the continuing ap­ Mrs. Johnson, of Royston and Toccoa, number of "Real Daughters" (daughters of propliation in 1967, but subsequent ap­ Ga., celebrated her lOOth bi.rthday on Confederate Veterans) of any of the many July 15, with a family reunion held near state chapters. propriations have been defeated.· Her marriage to Charles Alva Bond, was The basis for the opposition to further Atlanta. I join the family and the many a social event of note. Both were well-known funding has been variously disguised. friends and loved ones of this grand and loved by hosts of friends. Mr. Bond was But the real basis for opposition is the old lady in saluting her on this great graduated from Emory University, becoming private power interests. There are 175 moment. a prominent Banker, R.R. Agent and affili· federally financed power projects I ask unanimous consent that an ar­ ated with the progressiveness of his town. throughout the United States. Not one ticle concerning Mrs. Johnson's birth­ Six children were .born to them, while their of these is east of the Mississippi or north day, published in the Toccoa Record, of cup was overflowing with happiness, and of the Mason-Dixon Line. Private power July 17, 1969, be printed in the RECO~D. then tragedy struck. Determined to carry on as they had interests fought against the funding of There -being no objection, the article planned the young Sallie kept the home and, the other projects and undoubtedly will was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, being a great believer in college, she made continue to fight this one and will fight as follows: sure all of her children received a college it especially hard because Northeastern MRs. JOHNSON CELEBRATES 100TH BIRTHDAY education. She, herself was an avid reader, United States is the last bailiwick of ex­ JULY 15 devouring every available book or magazine, clusive private power control. (By Ella Cooper Garner) a habit she has continued always. Today Some exponents of the private power Sallie Louise Turner Bond Johnson cele­ viewing Television has been added to her block have opposed the project as an brated her one hundredth birthday on July hobbies. She enjoys the Western pictures, 15. If diplomas were handed out, her's would mostly because she loves horses and was a economy measure, others have stated that graceful rider in her day. One of her favorite private power can do the job cheaper be marked Summa Cum laude, for the rich, full, cultured and educated life she has authors in years gone by, was Augusta J. and still others in apparent desperation lived. Evans Wilson, who numbered among her have resorted, as the gentleman from Born soon after the close of the Civil War, popular novels "St. Elmo", which Sallie has Connecticut has done, to disparaging the she has lived through the most colorful read several times. project by calling it a "boondoggle." years of the Nation. Abraham Lincoln had Reading came only when she had the time The project has a benefit-to-cost ratio been assassinated, and his weak successor, as she sewed all the clothes for the house­ of 2 to 1 which is better than most proj­ Andrew Johnson, was impeached. (One vote hold, an art that has been passed down to ects that will be in the Public Works Ap­ saving his downfall) The North's hero, U.S. daughters and granddaughters. Grant had just taken office as president and There ls no wonder that Royston is dear to propriations bill this year and better than the South was suffering the hardship of re­ Sallie Bond Johnson, for it was her father 75 percent of all of the federally financed construction following the War in which her who laid out and surveyed this interesting power projects in the United States. father fought as Captain. city. It was often said that a lawyer could Surely the gentleman from Connecticut It was a hard and cruel world into which not make a living there because Captain cannot be serious in referring to the this baby girl was thrust, but she was en­ Turner did it all free. She gave two sons to Dickey project as a "boondoggle" when dowed with a serene and loving nature, grow­ the fighting lines of W.W. I, and two sons it will return $2 for every tax dollar in­ ing into girlhood nurtured by understanding to W.W. II (One son served in both wars). vested. parents who helped to wipe away the bitter­ There was never an uneventful day in the ness of a Civil eruption before their daughter life of this woman. Once her house burned to In addition to bringing low rate power realized the situation. These parents were the ground. Not a stitch of clothes did any to New England which suffers from pay­ Captain Allen S. Turner and Elizabeth Jane of them have lef.t. The next morning a trip ing the highest power rates in the coun­ Jones Turner of Hart County, Ga. She was to town h~.d to be made to ~y clothes­ try, the Dickey project would serve as a soon nicknamed "Sac", a nam.e which has bu1;-to everybody's surprise Sallie had saved back stop for power failures. The Dickey clung throughout life. Since her birth on her love letters I It has never been learned project would be primarily a source of July 15, 1869 there have been 20 men to just how this deed was accomplished, but to "peaking power" the type of power govern these U.S. this day she reads those letters over and over. needed in Washington, D.C., and In early childhood the family moved into Pausing to review the past, one finds that the city of Royston, which she has since this Centenarian has spent a century in liv­ throughout the entire northeastern part considered her real home, although she has ing for others. Not one time has anyone ever of the country 2 weeks ago when this resided for some years in Toccoa with her heard her say a harm word of a human be­ area was threatened with a massive daughter, Mrs. Doyle Moore. ing. There was al.ways something goad to be power shortage. Even here in the House This remarkable worn.an has reared six found. This is attested to by the daughter we were requested to turn off all unnec­ children, mostly alone, as her first husband, with whom she lives. Greater words cannot essary electrical equipment. Through the Charles A. Bond, died before their last child be said of anyone. She would not even under­ Dickey-Lincoln power project, we have was born. Her second marriage to R. J. John­ stand the word gossip. the opportunity to prevent reoccurring son was also broken by death. After adjust• Besides her husbands, she has not known ment she combined home-making with active death, with the exception of one daughter-in­ threats of pcwer failures. It is obvious interest in her church and town. She was law and son-in-law. In all her ways she to me, and to a great many others that blessed with such excellent health that she looked well to her household and her days private pQwer sources are not prepared has never in these 100 years been confined in have been good. or even willing to meet the present and a hospital. Her six children were born at All six of her children will be with her future electric requirements of New Eng­ home, before the days of hospitals or even when the family ga,thers at Stone Mountain, land. labor-pain k111ing drugs. the 15th, also many of her ten grandchildren Joining the Methodist Church in eM""ly girl· and 32 great grandchildren, who are scattered hood she must be the oldest living member to the four winds of the nation, from Colo­ MRS. JOHNSON CELEBRATES lOOTH of her denomination today, from point of rado to Illinois, to Florida, to Tennessee, to BIRTHDAY membership at least, for it has been 90 North Carolina, to Alabama, California and years since she took that step. For 63 of Georgia. those years she has been a member of the Her children are Eugene A. Bond, of Denver, HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE Royston church. During this time she has Colorado; Ione (Mrs. Doyle) Moore, Toccoa; held the office of president of the Woman's Lillian (Mrs. Frank) Bunting, Washington, OF GEORGIA Missionary Society (WSCS) more times than D.C.; Jones T. Bond, Greens·boro, Ga.; Miriam IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES can be remembered. Among other church (Mrs. Charles C.) Jinks, Atlanta; Charles Wednesday, July 30, 1969 offices she has filled was teaching in the Allen Bond, Augusta. Sunday School. The 100 people expected to attend the over­ Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, a Steeped in the atmosphere and vital night birthday celebration at Stone Moun­ lOOth birthday is a milestone few people stories of the Civil War, recounted by her tain Inn, children, grandchildren, nieces and ever reach, and in itself is a remarkable Captain-father, "Sac" was one of the first nephews, are relatives on Mrs. Johnson's enough accomplishment to merit note. to assist in organizing the Royston Chapter "Turner" side of the family. United Daughters of the Confederacy, which And so the first 100 years are rounded out But when a person's 100 years have been chapter bears the name, "Captain Allen S. for Sallie Bond Johnson. The hills of her spent in as outstanding and full a fashion Turner". She also carried her part several yesterdays reminds her friends that every as have Mrs. Sallie Louise Turner Bond times by serving as president. This chapt.er step of the way is important in summing up Johnson's, the occasion is worthy of. spe­ is today one of the largest and most active a life. Every day ls an important step to a cial attention. in the state, proudly claiming the largest tomorrow. Blessed memories such as the chil- July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21491 dren of this woman have, is a challenge for 1952), and by many churches and lay leaders government conducted several secret trials of others to live so that, when that all impor­ of the western world. Ukrainian intellectuals whose calls for cul­ tant step is taken into the eternal Tomorrow Despite the destruction of the church or­ tural freedom are often blended with their it will be a pleasant one. ganization in Ukraine, millions of Ukrainian pride in the Ukrainian national heritage. Catholics remained faithful to their ancestral Russian Communist masters of Ukraine de­ faith and continued to be Catholics by prac­ nounce this interest as "bourgeois national­ ticing their religion in secret. There exists ism," and incompatible with the Soviet an underground Ukrainian Catholic Church ideology. The existence of nationalist dissent RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL PERSECU­ in Ukraine, i:.:::d the aforementioned Arch­ in Ukraine is ascribed by reliable Western TION CONTINUES IN UKRAINE bishop Welychkovsky is said to have been observers and analysts as one of the main consecrated. reasons why Moscow decided to invade The existence of the underground Ukrain­ Czechoslovakia and suppress the liberaliza­ HON. THOMAS S. KLEPPE ian Catholic Church in Ukraine was and tion movement in Prague before its influence OF NORTH DAKOTA continues to be a thorn in the Soviet side, and effects spread across the Carpathian and consequently the Soviet government re­ Mountains to Ukraine. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lentlessly persecutes Ukrainian Catholics Those actions of Soviet government and Wednesday, July 30, 1969 more than any other religious groups. persecution in Ukraine prompted protest The intensification of religious persecution of free Ukrainians in western world. The mass Mr. KLEPPE. Mr. Speaker, for the in­ in Ukraine by the Soviet government was rallies have been held in many U.S. cities formation of my colleagues, I include at stepped up after the invasion of Czechoslo­ including North Dakota, protesting these this point in the RECORD a letter to me vakia by the Warsaw Pact forces last August. unhuman acts of Soviet government in from Dr. Anthony Zukowsky, of Steele, During the brief period of "liberalization" Ukraine and since both Soviet Union and N. Dak., president of the North Dakota under Alexander Dubcek, the Prague govern­ the Ukrainian SSR constitutions assure their ment had allowed the restoration of the citizens full religious freedom and the USSR branch of the Ukrainian Congress Com­ Ukrainian Catholic Church in Eastern Slo­ and Ukrainian SSR are also signatories to mittee of America, Inc., together with an vakia an·d released the Ukrainian Catholic the United Nations "Declaration of Human article published in the Ukrainian Bul­ Bishop, the Most Rev. Basil Hopko, from 13 Rights" as well as the Atlantic Chapter letin of May 1-15, 1969: years of communist captivity. The Ukrainian­ which expressly prohibit the persecution of JULY 18, 1969. language radio broadcasts and newspapers religious beliefs. Hon. TOM KLEPPE, and magazines which were allowed the Also Soviet Union makes massive prop­ House of Representatives, Ukrainian minority in Czechoslovakia aganda drives outside the USSR on basis Vlashington,D.O. aroused considerable fears and apprehension of "Human Rights" but within its own juris­ DEAR MR. KLEPPE: In this letter I would like in Moscow, hence intensified anti-religious diction the Soviet government has been to bring to your attention renewed religious and anti-Ukrainian persecution. ruthless in eradicating the Ukrainian Cath­ and cultural persecution in Ukraine. Another crime committed by the Soviet olic Church and the Ukrainian Autocephalic In the first part of 1969 many American, government in Ukraine which is the subject Orthodox Church (independent of the Canadian, Austrian and Italian newspapers, of our concern is the deliberate burning of Kremlin controlled Russian Orthodox especially such leading newspapers as New Ukrainian archives, libraries and other cen­ Church); it harasses and persecutes the York Times, Washington Post, America, ters of documentatior.. of Ukrainian history, Protestant denominations, as well as Judaic Toronto Telegram and Star and many others culture and ethnic heritage. and Islamic religions. reported renewal of religious and cultural On February 20, 1969, The New York Times In Ukraine, where the U.N. Declaration oj persecution in Ukraine. in an article entitled "Archive Fires in Human Rights is considered to be a subver­ The dispatch of those newspapers from Ukraine Stirring Suspicions of a Plot,'' by sive and seditious document, where men and Vienna repQrted-the Soviet security police­ Peter Grose, reported extensive fires in the women who demand the right of their native KGB arrested in Lviv, capital of Western 17th century monastery in Kiev, capital of language are put behind bars as dangerous Ukraine, Bishop Vasyl Welychkowsky when Ukraine, in which priceless Ukrainian and criminals-the Soviet government commits he went to confess a sick person. After his Jewish archives were destroyed. The same enormous crimes against human rights daily arrest, the Soviet secret police made a search night, as fl.re swept through the Church of and thus is guilty of violation of the U.N. in private homes of several priests and nuns St. George in the Vydubetsky Monastery in Charter and the U.N. Declaration of Human in Lviv, and other Ukrainian cities and many Kiev, a mysterious fire was reported to have Rights. The cause of international peace and were arrested. destroyed the Great Synagogue in the Ukrain­ justice would be served if you would look It is to be recalled that in 1945-46, when ian port of Odessa, destroying a library of deeply into the matter of Russian Communist the Soviet troops occupied Western Ukraine, Jewish documents. The fire at St. George's colonialism and imperialism in Ukraine. here were three Ukrainian Catholic Dioceses Church in Kiev was the second time in recent Therefore, speaking on behalf of over of Lviv, Peremyshl and Stanislaviv, and the years that archives of Ukrainian history had 25,000 Americans of Ukranian origin from territory of the Apostolic Visitator in Vol­ been destroyed by a large fire of obscure North Dakota, the oldest Ukranian settle­ hynia and an Apostolic Exarchate in Lem­ origin. In the first fl.re, in 1964, documents ment in the United States, I urge you to kivschyna. Together with Carpatho-Ukraine, of Ukrainian history and culture were de­ bring this deplorable situation of the people which was incorporated into the Ukrainian stroyed in the library of the Academy of in Ukraine to the attention of the U.S. Con­ SSR in 1945, this compact Ukrainian ter­ Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. The official gress and to advise our Department of State ritory contained approximately 5,000,000 version was that an employee named Po­ to bring this matter through our U.N. Am­ Ukrainian Catholic faithful, 1 Archbishop­ hruzhalsky, an emotionally unbalanced per­ bassador to the General Assembly of U.N., Metropolltan, 10 bishops, 4 dioceses, 2 areas son, set fire to the library; he was sentenced since we believe that the force of world opin­ of Apostolic Administration, 2,950 diocesan to 10 years imprisonment. ion can be an important factor toward the priests, 520 monastic and religious priests, Dr. George Luckyj, professor of Ukrainian end of those inhumane policies and actions 1,090 nuns, 540 seminarians, 3,040 parishes, and Russian literature at the University of of a Communist government and United Na­ 4,440 churches and chapels, 127 monasteries Toronto, was in Kiev at that time and wit­ tions is the proper place of serving as a forum and convents, 1 theological seminary and 5 nessed the fire, which he subsequently de­ of world opinion. ecclesiastical seminaries. scribed in the academic journal, Problems Thank you for your cooperation, I remain, In addition, the Ukrainian Catholic Church of Communism, (July-August, 1968) pub­ Sincerely yours, possessed a great number of cultural centers, lished by the United States Informat~on Dr. ANTHONY ZUKOWSKY, primary and secondary schools, institutes, Agency (USIA). Among tne ma.nuscripts de­ President, UOCA, State Branch publishing houses, libraries, welfare and aid stroyed were records of Ukrainian folklore, . of North Dakota. associations, orphanages, student and youth literature and history, including documents P.S.-After this letter has been written­ leagues, and societies. of the short-lived Ukrainian government of the monthly newspaper "News From Rome" All these were ruthlessly destroyed in 1918-1920. in its June 25th, 1969, issue reported that it In the Vydubetsky Monastery fire on No­ 1945-46 by the Soviet government, which had received confirmation of the death of simply put the Ukrainian Catholic Church vember 26, 1968, Ukrainian archives from the outside the law. All the bishops were deported Czarist and Hapsburg past, when Ukraine Bishop Vasyl Welychkowsky in Russian and tried in secret trials as "enemies of the was divided between Russian and Austro­ prison. people." Of all the ten Ukrainian Catholic Hungarian rule, were destroyed. The report also indicat~d that religious Bishops, only one survived. The renewed religious persecution and persecution in Ukraine has been increasing The brutal destruction of the catholic archive burnings in Ukraine by the Soviet recently; that religious objects from home Church in Ukraine was deeply deplored by government are another phase of the general of priests, monks and laity had been con­ Pope Pius xn in his encyclical Orientales assault against the Ukrainian nation to fiscated and that priests had been arrested Omnes Ecclesias (December 23, 1945) and break down its aspirations for freedom and for conducting liturgies. later, in Orientales Ecolesias (December 15, national statehood. In 1965-67 the Soviet DR, A. ZUKOWSKY. 21492 EXTENSIONS •OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 APPEAL OF UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC BISHOPS OF trials, knowing that the trying of your faith not familiar with all the factors of a THE UNITED STATES begets patience," (James 1, 2-3) or as the particular situation. Therefore I ask We are all familiar with the words of the Apostle Peter says: "Over this you rejoice; unanimous consent that the article be Divine Savior: "I will smite the shepherd, though now for a little while if need be, you printed in the RECORD. and the sheep will be scattered," (Mark 14, are made sorrowful by various trials, that the 27). This precept was followed by the oppres­ temper of your faith-more precious by far There being no objection, the article sors of the Church of Christ during the first than gold which is tried by fire-may be was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, centuries of Christianity, in the past history found unto praise and glory and honor at the as follows: of the Church, and now when the enemy is revelation of Jesus Christ" (Peter 1, 6-7). THE F-lll'S MARK II AVIONICS SYSTEM­ determined to strike a death blow to the We thank the all-merciful God for giving WEAPONS EFFECTIVENESS OR ELECTRONIC Ukrainian Catholic Church in Ukraine. our Church in Ukraine such great fearless, GADGET? What fate met our Church in Ukraine and holy people in the hierarchy, clergy, and (By Claude Witze) faithful. We should daily implore the merci­ where she had been flourishing before World NoTE.-Under attack on Capitol Hill, as War II, firmly established and well orga­ ful God to lead our suffering Ukrainian Church and nation to a glorious and victo­ part of the widespread assault that is being nized, is not necessary to mention, for every­ made on military spending, is the advanced one ls aware o,f this. rious climax. For this intention we ask the Reverend avionics system for the D model of the F-111. When the world was silent about this, His Known as the Mark II, the system promises Holiness Pope Pius XII saw, realized, and Fathers in our Archdiocese to celebrate a Divine Liturgy and "Panakhyda" on April 20 revolutionary capabilities for the F-lllD presented to the world the plight of the in navigation, terrain following, and weap­ Ukrainian Catholic Church in two of his en­ for the deceased and martyred priests and faithful. ons delivery. How much does it cost? How ef­ cyclicals in which he revealed to the world fective will it be? Too often the first ques­ the unjust trials of the Ukrainian bishops, May the grace of Our Lord, Jesus Christ, their courage and determina,tion during their remain ever with you, Amen! tion is raised and the second ignored. But trials by the Godless ones, their fidelity to Given in Philadelphia, Stamford, and Chi­ from the point of view of men in aerial com­ God and Church, their heroic readiness to cago on Holy Thursday 1969. bat, if the system is effective-if it gets them suffer all, even death, for their faith. He alone AMBROSE, to target and gets their weapons on target of all the mighty ones of the world under­ Metropolitan of the Philadelphia Arch­ and gets them home-then the cost must be stood the misfortune of the clergy and faith­ diocese. reasonable . . . ful, their devotion and fidelity to their JOSEPH, The assault on the military spending pro­ Church. His Holiness Pope Pius XII presented Bishop of Stamford. gram, now at a crescendo in Washington, the suffering Ukrainian Church as a model to JAROSLAV, threatens to become the most damaging at­ all and at the same time fervently implored Bishop of Chicago. tack on national security since Senator Ger­ prayers on its behalf. ald Nye fought his own war on the muni­ tions-makers while Adolf Hitler was It seemed tnat the voice of protest of the strengthening the Nazi garrisons. Holy Father touched the conscience of the new persecutors of the Ukrainian Church MARK II AVIONICS Newspaper headlines in the nation's cap­ and in its wake we saw the release from long ital, as well as many columns of type put years of exile of our living confessor of the in the Congressional Record, reflect daily a faith of Christ, the Archbishop of Lviv and wide range of misinformation, half-truths, HON. PAUL J. FANNIN and traces of outright demagoguery. There Metropolitan of Galicia, a worthy follower OF ARIZONA of the servant of God, Andrew Sheptytsky, is no better example than the effort to dis­ Metropolitan Joseph Slipy who through the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES count modern avionics. It is becoming common for the press and efforts of the great Pope John XXIII arrived Wednesday, July 30, 1969 in Rome in 1963 for Vatican II and was many congressional critics to refer to navi­ nominated Archbishop-Major and raised to Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, today the gation, fire control, and bombing systems as the dignity of Cardinal by Pope Paul VI. weapons of defense are a sophisticated "devices" and "electronic gargets," much as The moments of joy on the occasion of the affair. Building them, buying them, being if an integrated million-dollar fire-control triumphal journey of Archbishop-Major and system were nothing more than a high­ trained to use them in defense of the priced pencil sharpener. Cardinal Josyf and his visits to the Ukrain­ Nation requires an expertise that is out­ ians in the free world had barely passed A prime case at hand grows out of concern when the alarming news reached us that new side the competence of the vast majority over the final cost of the Mark II avionics waves of persecution were sweeping Ukraine of Americans. This is not unnatural. system for the USAF-General Dynamics and that the Hydubytsky monastery with its Brain surgery is outside the competence F-lllD attack airplane. Senator William valuable books, archives, and works of art of most Americans, yet we appreciate Proxmire (D-Wis.), who has been investigat­ fell as a sacrifice-burned in a planned con­ what we understand of it and count the ing overruns on many projects launched in flagration. resultant benefits to our general health the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations, The most recent news report speaks of spent most o! an entire committee session as one of the blessings of modern recently on the Mark II system. That day's persecutions in Western Ukraine, where on medicine. January 27 Archbishop Basil Welychkovsky transcript for his Subcommittee on Economy was arrested in Lviv, and according to most It has come to my attention, as I have of the Joint Economic Committee is a sub­ recent reports was brought to Moscow. observed the debate on the ABM as well stantial booklet of questions and answers. This report brought sorrow to all Ukrain­ as the singularly vicious attacks aimed Yet nowhere in the record is there evidence ians, regardless of denomination or politic.al at the military and military procurement, that the chairman or any committee member affiliation, because in a country, which con­ that some legislators apparently stray tried to find out what the Mark II system is trary to reality claims freedom of conscience with frequency and with no lack of or what it can do. The members showed in­ and dignity for human rights, such events tense interest in the cost and no interest in temerity outside their recognized field of the effectiveness. take place. . competence. Dear Brothers and Sisters: In this bitter The Mark II system still is in development moment of new sorrow, let us not forget For my own part, I do not hesitate but rapidly nearing production. Tests are Christ's words which were spoken to the to admit my ignorance of either brain underway, and some results have been dis­ Apostles and through them to all of us: "No surgery or the defense systems and ma­ closed. The Mark I inertial navigation system, servant is greater than his master. If they terials being purchased for the pro­ already being used in the F-lllA, is de­ have persecuted me, they will persecute you tection of our Nation. If I have a question, scribed as the best ever delivered to USAF. also." (John 15, 20) I am frank to say I must depend upon Tests so far indicate that the Mark II navi­ Let us also not forget that the blood of the advic·e of experts and I seek that gator will operate to a standard four times martyrs, as we know from the history of the better than its current predecessor. Its per­ Church of Christ and especially from our advice from many and varied sources. formance, so far, is running twenty-eight homeland, always was and will be the seed Whenever I come across information that percent better than called for in the specifi­ from which will grow the mighty tree of seems to make sense to me, I am inclined cations. Faith and Hope, the tree which wm not be to share it with Senators so as, perhaps The Mark !I's ability t.o deliver a weapon on felled by the human storms of hate. to increase their knowledge, too. ' target has been tested in sixty :flights at Eglin Therefore, on this day of pain and sorrow Such an article appears in the August AFB, Fla. Its record there is twenty-seven which we experience on the arrival of news issue of Air Force Space Digest and con­ percent better than called for in the contract of the new wave of Communist destruction of specifications and is expected to improve. our historic monuments and persecution of cerns the avionics system of the F-lllD Major innovation of the targeting system is our clergy and faithful in Ukraine, we, your attack aircraft. I hold no brief for the a radar that can eliminate ground clutter and bishops, appeal to you, dear faithful, and call manufacturers of this equipment, but restrict the image in the cockpit to the in the words of James: "Esteem is all joy, I do think·that we in Congress are often "hard targets," such as buildings, bridges, my brethren, when you fall into various quick to criticize when we perhaps are roads, and railways. The pilot can "fix" his July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21493 radar on a hard target, and the airplane will computer weighs only forty-seven pounds emphasis on the accurate delivery of con­ automatically drop the bomb at the point he and occupies less than a cubic foot of space. ventional weapons. It was a concept most selects. If the target is moving-a railroad It provides displayed computations-num­ loudly cheered by the same national figures car or truck-this still holds true. All of this bers on a panel in front of the CII'ew-in reply who today are stirring up the most dust about can be done in blind flight, regardless of to any question about navigation, weapon the price of national security, Including Sen­ weather or darkness. delivery, fix taking and steering, with ator Proxmire. There is a study available demonstrating seventy-five percent redundancy. Only a few There were three competitors for the basic that the F-lllD, equipped with Mark II, has years ago, a computer with this capability contra.ct, and Autonetics was chosen for hav­ a cost-effectiveness at least four times better would have filled a fair-sized room and would ing both the lowest bid and the best pro­ than other current aircraft in the USAF in­ have weighed several tons. posal. At the outset, the Defense Depart­ ventory and in use in Vietnam. The cost is One digital computer is primru-lly for navi­ ment wanted the Air Force to buy the system high, admittedly, but the performance prom­ gation and the other for weapon delivery. If and turn it over to General Dynamics as gov­ ised by the Mark II system reaches a stand­ one falls, the other can do both jobs. The ernment-furnished equipment, USAF disa­ ard unheard of until it was built and tested. navigation computer can get its information greed, holding that the prime contractor was Four prototypes have been delivered, and from the crew in the cockpit, or it can be fed best equipped to "marry the avionics" to last month the first production unit was by a magnetic tape, if the mission profile is the airframe and make sure It would work. undergoing reliablllty tests. known before takeoff, making the entire Thus, Autonetics is a subcontractor to Gen­ Full appreciation of what ls expected from flight automatic. eral Dynamics for the Mark II system, the the Mark II system is not possible wlt:C.out A feature of the Mark II system, and as other firms serving as sub-subcontractors. lending an ear to F-105, F-4, and A-1 pilots new as the computers, is the Horizontal Sit­ Looking forward at this time, all of the who ·1ave served in Vietnam. Aside from their uation Display. That is an esoteric way of contractors and the Air Force, wiser as we lament over the politlca! restraints placed on saying the pilot of the F-lllD always has all are from the exasperating experience of their performance, the most common com­ a section of the correct aeronautical chart in Vietnam, realize that the interdiction mis­ plaint has been about weapon delivery. There front of him, about the size of a small radar sion has new stature. It must be flown, as has been no improvement since World War screen, and that this uncanny mechanism­ the prime Air Force mission, anywhere in the II, these men say, in the technique for de­ lt is ,iota device or gadget---£hows him where world-possibly including Europe, where vis­ livering iron bombs. This ls despite the early he is every second. At the center of the dis­ ual bombing condi tlons prevail less than decision of the Kennedy Ad.mlnistratlon to play glass there is a tiny silhouette of his twenty percent of the time-that the United forgo the threat of using nuclear power in aircraft. The map moves under the silhouette States may have a commitment. favor of conventional military weaponry. The and it can move in any direction-the full How much does the Mark II cost? In the pilots feel that reliance was put on con­ 360 degrees. The tiny airplane silhouette is end, according to knowledgeable estimates, ventional bombs at that time, with no effort always at the point where the actual aircraft it will be about twenty percent of the tot.al to update the delivery systems. ls, and headed in the same direction, with the cost of the F-lllD system. If the project had There ls a form of forced evolution in this bearing clearly marked at the edge of the not been launched, it ls true, we might have kind of air warfare. Improved defenses-such glass. Different map scales can be used. The saved that twenty percent. With that kind of as the Russian SAM and radar-guided anti­ computer, of course, is moving the map, and focus on cost, there would be only minor ad­ aircraft batteries-have forced an improve­ the computer knows the exact position, speed, vances in effectiveness. ment in aircraft performance. This, in turn, altitude, and bearing of the airplane at all calls for improved avionics as the speed and times. To a veteran who has struggled sweaty maneuverablllty are upgraded. It is true, as hours with charts on a clipboard strapped to some press reports have indicated, that his knee, the Horizontal Situation Display AIR FARE CRISIS-HIGHEST VALUE better-performing airplanes have proved less is the wonder of the age. accurate in Vietnam. The reason is that they The ablllty to hit moving targets, auto­ FOR SHORTEST JOURNEY have lacked better avionics built to keep matically, is new with Mark II. It ls the pace with high-performance flight char­ Doppler processing system, contained in the acteristics of the basic vehicle. Autonetics radar, that makes this possible. HON. CHARLES H. WILSON In radar bombing, there are two b~slc prob­ It eliminates all fixed targets from the screen, OF CALIFORNIA lems for the pilot. He must be able, first, to leaving only moving targets on the display. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A pilot can, for example, count the cars in separate the target from other ground clutter Wednesday, July 30, 1969 that may appear on his radar screen. Then a railroad train somewhere within range, once he has found his target, he must, de­ pick out which car he wants to hit, and lock Mr. CHARLES H. Wll.SON. Mr. spite his high speed and frequently low the tracking system on that car. The airplane Speaker, in an address before the Society altitude, maintain a fix on it, whether he can will go to the target, even if it has to turn of Airline Analysts which our colleague see it or not. The Mark II system provides this around, and hit that car, not its neighbor. In addition to the firms already mention~ Congressman JOHN Moss inserted into capab1lity. the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume 113, A second loud moan from veterans of the components of Mark II are made by the Vietnam air war concerns the lack of an Autonetlcs Division of North American part 22, page 30488, Mr. Richard W. all-weather capability. Everyone ls fam111ar Rockwell; Kearfott, a division of General Klabzuba observed that our investment with the common declaration that alrpower Precision Systems; the Norden Division of analysts had been experiencing some dif­ has failed in Vietnam. Alrpower did not United Aircraft; Astronautics Corp. of Amer­ ficulty in projecting the future earnings completely stop the flow of supplies from ica; and Fairchild Hiller Corp. of our airlines. North to South. An important reason was In its briefest form, here is what their In his prepared remarks he attributed the weather and darkness, which kept USAF effort provides: part of their problem to inaccurate in­ grounded and permitted the enemy to move Increased inertial navigation accuracy freely and unmolested about sixty percent and capabillty. put data which failed to disclose an ap­ of the time. It was a cover that ensured the Increased bombing accuracy. preciable decline in yield per hour as flow of enemy materiel, so long as strategic All-weather, air-to-air capability with the new jet aircraft were assigned to short­ airpower was denied the right to hit strategic Sparrow missile. haul flights. At the same time he took targets. Interdiction, under such circum­ All-weather strike capability, including the rather unique position that short­ stances, simply cannot do the Job. moving targets. haul air services are frequently more val­ More than a year ago, in February of 1968, An essent1'al part of the history of the Mark uable to the public than long-haul serv­ the Mark II system was described to the II is that the concept did not originate with ices because the value of airline serv­ Senate Armed Services Committee by Gen. the Air Force a.lone. It grew out of assess­ ice to a businessman is related to Joseph R. Holzapple, then USAF's Deputy ments and analyses made in 1963 and 1964 time, not distance, and therefore all Chief of Staff for Research and Development. by the President's Scientific Advisory Board, He said the system was planned for both the the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, and other things being equal a shorter flight F-lllD and the FB-111, the strategic bomber the Defense Department's Office of Research is worth more to such executives. version, and would incorporate the latest and Engineering. There ls no record that the In support of this Position he presented state of the art in lnlcromlniaturlzed digital Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense to the group some statistics dealing with computers and electronic subsystems. A full for Research and Analysis lent any substance the density of airline traffic which dis­ list of subsystems adds up to thirty-two. It to the requirements, although the effect of closed that more than 68 percent of all ranges all the way from the two digital com­ the performance is to enh,ance the effective­ puters, each one no larger than a portable ness of the system. domestic traffic in the United States flew television set, to a camera and a couple of Why did these scientifically oriented groups a distance of less than 800 miles. missiles for air-to-air fighting. grasp the essentiality of the Mark II proj­ During the subsequent question and The single feat of getting a digital com­ ect? At the time, 1963, it was becoming clear answer period Mr. Klabzuba expanded puter into that small a package represents a that the "limited-response concept," favored his argument that the bulk of airline breakthrough by it.s manufacturer, IBM. The by the political administration, demanded passenger traffic ls concentrated within 21494 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 the shorter haul markets by pointing of proper statistical data renders this task on the Glasgow route. This will be sad, be­ out that at least two other gentlemen, a difficult, and causes apprehension about the cause all true Britons love their railway Mr. Lill of the Austrian railways and Mr. uninformed decisions that must be taken in trains. However, to be strictly practical, when our major transport undertakings. did the reader last travel more than 80 miles D'Arey Harvey of our own Federal Avia­ The first source of information is a com­ by train in the UK? tion Administration, had suggested there parison of British and American experience. appeared to be a mathematical relation­ Fig. 1 (not printed in RECORD) shows the TABLE 2.-RAIL TRAFFIC ON THE TRUNK ROUTES ship between, first, the volume of traffic point-to-point air journeys per head of population of the large cities within 500 Tickets between two cities, and second, the dis­ issued June­ tance between them and their popula­ miles of New York and London, as a func­ Rail miles Area popu- December tion. He then went on to point out that tion of distance. In the United States, where London to- (d) lation (p) 1960 (t) since the distance factor had historically intense competition has ensured the maxi­ been considered to remain relatively mum growth of air traffic, the curve corre­ Manchester, Salford, sponds closely with that predicted from the Stockport ______18334 963, 000 211, 000 stable, projections of future traffic theory. If d is raised to the power of 1.5, Glasgow __ ------401,4' 1, 055, 000 106, 000 growth had consequently been consid­ an almost exact "fit" is achieved. But in this Edinburgh ______393 468, 000 60, 000 ered limited to increases in population country, though the traffic on the Glasgow and/or community of interests. On the and Edinburgh routes is commensurate with TABLE 3.-ESTIMATED SECTOR PASSENGERS, 1960, BOTH other hand, he noted that if the dis­ the analogous American routes, there is less DIRECTIONS (IN THOUSANDS) tance element had been considered in traffic, ra.ther than more, on the shorter routes. terms of travel time, major difference in In other words, the results achieved by London- London- New York- block speed would have become a sig­ British airlines are diametrically opposite Carrier Glaseow Manchester Boston nificant indicator of the growth which to those predicted from a study of the Air ______had occurred. As a result, he concluded, country with an overwhelming experience of 313 259 1886 Rail. ______400 because of this compound situation the air transport. Which soldier is most likely to Coach ______750 700 107 150 ------future growth in earnings would not be be out of step? Car(DSIR survey; as dramatic as in the past. Turning to road movement in this country, Manchester city Now two articles in a leading interna­ Fig. 2 (not printed in RECORD), is a plot of surveyor) ______175 1250 ------tional aviation publication have been the main results of the survey of origins --~~------~ and destinations carried out by the DSIR Total______895 1,410 ------brought to my attention saying substan­ Road Research Laboratory to predict the tially the same thing-that airline pas­ Traffic on the Ml motorway. It gives the I Point-to-point passengers only. senger traffic is in part a function of the daily number of journeys in both directions, Thus it is believed that all the available time-distance relationship between com­ for all types of vehicles. Though the popu­ evidence supports the thesis that the longest munities. One of these articles reports on lations of the areas are not precisely com­ queues are for the shortest routes-by all a new book on the subject by Mr. Bjorn mensurate, the traffic undoubtedly increases modes of transport, individually and collec­ J. Ellee entitled, "Issues and Prospects in as distance diminishes, and there is every tively. Interurban Air Transport," which appar­ indication that the appropriate value for n Britain isn't different after all; the trouble is less than unity. Thus the survey provides is that British airlines have shown a lack of ently statistically affirms the thesis upon no evidence that there is an abnormal shift the basis of past performance. commercial flair in attacking the short-haul to road transport for the shorter journeys. domestic market. Since the DC-3 became Mr. Speaker, a number of our col­ The figures given in Table 1 for motor available in the UK, BEA have dominated leagues including myself have petitioned coach traffic tell the same general story: the domestic air transport scene. Until 1958 the CAB to institute a general rate in­ TABLE 1.-ESTIMATED MOTOR COACH TRAFFIC ON THE the corporation effectively discouraged citi­ vestigation. As a part of that petition we TRUNK ROUTES, SCHEDULED CARRIERS zens from using internal air services by lay­ have requested the agency to give con­ ing heavy emphasis on centre-to-centre trav­ el, without really checking passengers' true sideration to the merits of the time-dis­ Road Area Passengers tance approach. Consequently, for these London to- miles population per annum origins and destinations. DC-3 services to Liverpool, Leeds and Newcastle were uni­ and other reasons I feel that these two formly successful-once the initial handicap articles may shed some needed addi­ Manchester area ______184 963, 000 127, 000 created by the BEA dogma had been over­ Liverpool______197 762, 000 150, 000 tional light on our airlines current fare Glasiow ______394 1, 055, 000 1107, 000 come. One of the other justifications for crisis. Edin urgh ______373 468, 000 79, 000 this negative attitude, the petrol tax, was The articles follow: nearly balanced by low depreciation charges for the war surplus DC-3s. THE LONGEST QUEUES ARE FOR THE SHORTEST I Includes intermediate traffic. Note : There is also heavy non­ BEA have a monopoly of the most impor­ ROUTES scheduled traffic notably on the Manchester and Liverpool routes. tant routes, and so far no competitive spur A correspondent in Flight International has been applied to them. Having tried to (Capt. G. Mccoach, May 3) recently chal­ The only available evidence on rail move­ "further the development of British civil lenged Lill's classical travel law that traffic ment is the number of rail tickets issued on aviation" in this important sector, the cor­ potential T is directly proportional to the the London-Manchester, Glasgow and Edin­ poration has not yet displaced British Rail­ , ) burgh routes, as given at the ATLB 21st population of the two terminals (P1 P2 and ways as the foremost public carrier on these inversely to a power of the distance between meeting. The figures are shown in Table 2: routes. If there had been intensive competi­ them (d), i.e.: rail traffic in parallel with the three princi­ tion, this might well have happened by pal air routes. appears to follow the "law" now, as it has in the United States and Can­ T=K~~ dn quite closely. ada. A disastrous consequence has been the Table 3 shows that though air traffic New Euston-Crewe railway modernisation scheme, The law was originally put forward in York-Boston is much greater than that by where a large part of the £160m total ex­ 1889, but was strikingly validated by tne rail, bearing in mind that connecting traf­ penditure is needed to rebuild the track to experience of the Austrian railways before fic may add around 3 per cent to the.num­ carry express passenger trains at 90-100 the 1914 war; though at that time, of course, ber of point-to-point passengers, the rail m .p.h. This facility may never be fully used­ they had a virtual monopoly of long-distance traffic is very similar to that moving Lon­ a"Q.3" that Mr. Marples managed to launch passenger traffic. In this case, "n" was found don-Manchester, a journey of similar dura­ while nobody was looking. to be unity, and Whea.tcroft mentions the tion. law in this form in his Economics of Euro­ These estimates for British Railways traf­ LONGEST QUEUES ARE FOR THE FASTEST pean Air Transport. fic were challenged by their counsel at the JOURNEYS The theorem was advanced by Mr. Gerald recent appeals hearings, but no other figures Gardiner, QC, at recent appeal hearings, were produced. It was said that a special ef­ (By A. J. Lucking) to demonstrate an alleged lack of develop­ fort had been made to count the number of In his recent lecture to· the Air Transport ment of the BEA route from London to tickets issued at Glasgow and Euston (Table Group of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Manchester, by making a comparison with 2), but that there is no breakdown into Mr. G. H. G. Threlfall pointed out that jet rail carryings and the corporation's own Lon­ single or return. It was agreed also that the aircraft had recovered the traffic lost as a don-Glasgow route. Mr. Henry Marking de­ reduced-fare tickets, agents' sales, and sales result of high-speed rail competition on both fended BEA's results by making the interest­ at other stations had not been included in the Tokyo-Osaka and London-Liverpool ing suggestion that the law only applied to the count. routes. Until recently, however, traffic had total traffic, and not to the individual com­ If the railroads do find that their traffic been declining on the London-Manchester ponents moving by rail, road and air. ts substantially less than these estimates, route, but since BAC One-Elevens were in­ This article is an atitempt to marshal a they must surrender their erstwhile position troduced in November 1968 traffic has re­ few facts on the problem. As usual, the lack as No. 1 public carrier to the air, at least covered significantly. July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21495 Another interesting point revealed by all mathematical purity of the experiment will is certainly not unusual to discover a sig­ three case studies was the approximate dou­ be upset by fare differentials-but it may be nificant difference between the ideal and bling of rail traffic-an increase far greater possible to observe the impact on first-class the functional, but not to be able to reach than could be accounted for by gains from traffic. To the relatively small number of a stated goal is one thing-not to intend to air and road. There appears to have been an passengers who stack up a large chunk of the is something else. increase in traffic associated with the short­ passenger-miles, anything that reduces the Let me state my thesis early. The strong ening of the journey time. boredom may induce them to travel more, likelihood is that higher education will be­ In an article in Flight-for August 2, rather than finding an excuse to duck out of come far more impersonal than it is today, 1962-"The Longest Queues are for the what has become a chore; a night in a and no college will be able to provide "stu­ Shortest Routes"-it was pointed out that crowded airliner is reminiscent of life in a dent-faculty relationships" or "individual there seemed to be a mathematical relation­ slit trench. attention" unless it becomes deeply com­ ship between the air traffic between two At last it looks as if airline self-interest, mitted to do so. At the present time there cities, their populations, and the 1.5th power too, may be served by organizing an all-round is little evidence that such a commitment of the distance between them. The graph is speed-up. Faster journeys mean more traffic exists even in the small, liberal arts colleges. an updated version of one printed in the orig­ and most well-conducted businesses can con­ There are a number of reas.ons for assum­ inal article, 1llustrating the relationship for vert more turnover into more profit. ing that the problem will continue to plague the short US domestic air routes. higher education. The enrollment growth of The theory was.developed on the Austrian colleges and universities is not likely to slow State Railways in 1891. It has been applied down appreciably, nor will the cost per stu­ successfully to many transport problems COLLEGE PRESIDENT PRESENTS dent. Larger classes, instructional mass since, though nowadays the presence of a media, and all that is implied by the enroll­ REASONED APPRAISAL OF STU­ ment and cost factors may be anticipated. number of competing transport systems DENT RELATIONS PROBLEMS complicates the situation. It is not, for exam­ The realities of the situation run counter ple, .until one adds together air and rail to the hopes and expectations of thoughtful, traffic in Britain that the classical picture HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH troubled students who are preoccupied with begins to emerge. the existentialist claim to individual im­ OF WEST VIRGINIA portance. Every occasion of being herded, The interesting problem now arises: what IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES­ numbered, listed, lined up, and programmed happens if the vehicles become faster? Or is a personal offense. When the crisis be­ even perhaps in the case of air transport, the Wednesday, July 30, 1969 comes explosive, it U; the brightest of the fumbling formalities become fewer and Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, the students who attack the system. The drop­ faster? In each case, the effect to the traveller out of the unable is nearly matched by the is similar to reducing the distance between alienation of young people in our society dropout of the unwilling. the cities. A London-Newcastle journey by is of real concern to many, many Amer­ Not long ago a young man came in to in­ Trident takes as long as a Viscount flight icans. It has manifested itself in many form me that he was leaving college. There from London to Liverpool; or as British Rail forms, not the least serious of which are was little doubt in his mind that his de­ advertisements said after electrification the problems on our campuses which cision was right in the context of his view "We've moved Liverpool and Manchester have resulted in turmoil in the academic of things. "My classes interfere with my closer to London." So if the graph is taken community. studies," he said. "It's too much like high as being plotted on a basis of time instead school. Right now I have to get my ideas of distance, it suggests that chopping 10 I have faith in our educational system about life straightened out." He was read­ min. off the London to Newcastle flight time to weather this storm, however, for it ing Camus, Zen Buddhism, Thoreau, Augus­ is going to increase the traffic by about 26 contains many men who bring wisdom, tine, Sartre, Gandhi, and others, as a per­ per cent. concern, and knowledge to bear on the sonal quest. Getting grades in courses seemed current challenges. Out of this confron­ less real, less important. I said all that I RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF TRIPS VERSUS OVERALL thought a dean ought to say. He left. DURATION tation of the young and the old, the status quo and change, there should If any member of the faculty feels in­ clined to say, "Good riddance," let him read Duration Frequency Duration Frequency emerge a higher education system, again the college statement of purpose. De­ (hours) index (hours) index stronger than before and responsive to spite all that is said about "spiritual values," the demands of a complex society. "cultural enrichment," and "personal rela­ 1.00 ______100. 0 3.50______6. 45 This will come, Mr. President, because tionships," we tend to place more emphasis 1.25 ______-· ·---_ 67. 3 3.75______5.17 of the leadership provided by men like on grades, attendance, credits, and prerequi­ 1.50 ___ • -· ------46. 6 4,00______4. 40 sites. It's easier to keep records than to keep 1.75 ____ --·------34.1 4.25______3. 76 Kenneth E. Smith, the enlightened pres­ 2.00. ___ ·-·--·-·- 25. 2 4.50______3. 18 ident of Milton College, in Wisconsin. students. 2.25 ______19. 3 4.75______2. 70 This is one reason for asserting that if the 2.50 ______·-----. 15.1 5.00______2.35 In the June 9, 1969, edition of "The college really undertook to do what it says 2.75 ______11. 7 5,25______2. 00 Sabbath Recorder," official publication 3.00 ______9. 50 5.50______1. 74 it does, it would be one of the more distinc­ 3.25 ______of the Seventh Day Baptist Church, tive colleges in America. And, if we carried 7. 82 ·----·-···------·····- President Smith discussed the problems out the implications of our statement of facing college administrators and how purpose, who would want to teach here? "The amount of traffic over a certain dis­ Perhaps if we try to answer the first ques­ tance is determined essentially by how long they should respond to them. He views the situation calmly but with concern, tion, we can answer the second one for our­ it takes to cover this distance." Thi, fas­ selves. cinating proposition is developed in an im­ and his thoughts are well-reasoned. What would happen in curriculum if we portant book by Mr. Bjorn J. Ellee, Issues ana I ask unanimous consent that the ar­ were to take the student seriously? The Prospects in Interurban Air Transport (Alm­ ticle be printed in the RECORD. college tends to say: "Here is what ls impor­ quist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 1968) . He de­ There being no objection, the article tant for you to know. We have had more velops the table reproduced here from theo­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, experience than you have had as to what retical considerations, and then shows that as follows: will best prepare you to face the competitive it fl.ts the frequency of air trips in the USA. world. You must face requirements in society, The table states, for example, that if a total ON TAKING STUDENTS SERIOUSLY and you might as well begin here. No, you journey time, door to door, of 3hr is reduced (By Kenneth E. Smith) may not take Oriental Art; you must take to 2.75, the traffic will increase by a factor of Most small liberal arts colleges have pro­ the Introduction to College Math." 11.7+9.6 or 23 per cent. fessed a special concern for the individual While there are many students who are So perhaps the importance of the jet is not student, and have gone on record as com­ relieved to know what society demands, there its "appeal" after all. Those few minutes it mitted to the value of close student-faculty is a growing number who couldn't care less. chips off the flight time are highly significant. relationships. Recent studies seem to suggest They would like to discuss with respected And so are the shorter check-in times-the that students of this generation evaluate faculty members whether, in fact, the sys­ ultimate being the zero check-in time for the the worth of a. college experience, partly at tem is worth the fig. What evidence is there Air Shuttle, which boosted traffic in an other­ least, in ter~ of meaningful relationships that the courses deemed significant by the wise stagnant market. On other American at a time when demands upon faculty make college will even touch upon the crisis of domestic routes too, the 1960s have seen a such relationships unlikely. The student values which preoccupies the student? The traffic explosion far greater than the 10 per slogan, "I'm just a number here," is coun­ sequence as required by most colleges and cent "jet stimulation factor" applied by the tered by the faculty muttering, "We're not universities denies the fundamental tenet CAB in the route cases heard at the begin­ here to hold their hands." of educational psychology that interest and ning of the decade. The college must face this issue now. motivation should be the prelude to learning. Soon the theory wlll be put to the Ultimate Either the statement of purpose is an in­ Let us ask the Committee on Curriculum test by the massive time reductions achieved herited stone around the neck, or it is the and Instruction: What educational princi­ by the supersonic airliner. Unfortunately, the basilil for direction, plail!ll.ing, and action. It ples suggest that English, Math and Foreign 21496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 Language, accompanied by Physical Educa­ conceivable premise on which the theory reliefers, established waiting periods to keep tion, are better introductions to the college of welfare or charity was founded. people off welfare rolls until they had resided experience than, say, the Problems of So­ Failure to give free food stamps does in the state for a minimum time (usually, ciology, Ethics, Contemporary Philosophy, one year). or Science and the Modern World? There not create malnutrition-because mal­ In 1967, the American Civil Liberties Union, may actually be some very sound reasons for nutrition is found in all walks of life several other "liberal" organizations, and starting the college experience as much like from the Wall Street banker who fails poverty war agencies (using tax money pro­ high school as possible, but such reasons will to eat proper food and use balanced diet vided by the federal government) induced have to face the fact that as many students to the college professor who substitutes and financed reliefers to bring suits in fed­ drop out of college within the first year as "pot" for food. Malnutrition is due to eral courts challenging the "substitute fa­ in the other three years combined. And, improper eating habits-not necessarily ther" rule in Alabama, challenging state while there are, no doubt, many causative to an inability to procure the proper residence requirements in Connecticut, Penn­ factors, one of the most pervasive is foods. sylvania, and the District of Columbla.2 disillusionment. A three-judge federal court invalidated If I understand what the student com­ The so-called "Federal aid" which is Alabama's "substitute father" welfare rule plaint is about, it has to do with the neglect the backbone of the welfare, relief, or on the grounds that there was no rational of what are sometimes called the "gut" issues public assistance program is a pure and basis for denying welfare benefits to children of our time. We are always pointing out how simple shameless political robbery. It is because of their parents' misconduct. The much there is to know-the information ex­ a good and commendable thing for a per­ court overlooked the obvious fact that wel­ plosion, and this is often described in order son to voluntarily assist his neighbor fare benefits do not go to hapless children, to urge the student to hurry up and know who has fallen upon hard times. It is but to mothers-many of whom let their more. But we are reminded by students that children run wild, improperly fed and some knowledge is existentially critical, and an entirely different thing for the char­ clothed, while the ADC funds (taken out of some appears irrelevant. There is much to acter who is too shiftless to work to the paychecks of decent parents who sup­ know, but there is much to care about. It is steal from his productive neighbor. And port their own children and respect the not easy to lose oneself in the Pelopon­ it is unforgivable for the demagog to laws and mores of society) are spent on vices, nesian Wars when you have a brand new acquire power on the votes of the ne'er­ luxuries, and boyfriends. letter from the draft board in your pocket. do-well, then use the power of Govern­ Federal courts invalidated the welfare resi­ Surely the college no longer defends the dence requirements of Connecticut, Pennsyl­ traditional practice of beginning the college ment to "legally" steal from the hard worker and share the fruits of his labor vania, and the District of Columbia on the experience just as though there was no real grounds that they violate reliefers' rights to world around us. with those too busy feeling sorry for travel freely from one state to another, and Taking the student seriously is to know themselves to do any work. that they violate the "equal protection" that these are serious students. To know is The game is about over. The workers clause of the 14th Amendment by denying to be responsible. To know is to decide, to are fed up. Early in the history of this some needy persons in the state benefi ts have preferences, to believe or not to believe. country there was a thing called the which other needy persons get.2 Connecti­ It is just such commitments that many Puritan ethic. He who would eat, let him cut, Pennsylvania, and the District of Co­ teachers avoid. ·work. Left to such a choice, the free­ lumbia were ordered to provide "instant Certainly the kind of student-faculty re­ welfare" for reliefers whether they are resi­ lationships that m atter to students today loaders may complain, but they will not starve. dents or not. may have little connection with traditional The "substitute father" case and the three advisor-advisee systems. If our contacts are Mr. Speaker, I include a well-rea­ "instant welfare" cases went to the Warren always structured to advising across a desk, soned documentary on one branch of Court on appeal during the term that ended the lecture method may be transferred to a the welfare fiasco contained in the Dan June 17, 1968. The court upheld the lower small office. The easy assumption that a Smoot report for July 28 fallowing my small college is "small enoug~ to know you" federal court in the "substitute father" case, is unwarranted. The key to the matter is the remarks: and heard arguments in the "instant wel­ willingness of the faculty to be known as THE ORIGINAL SIN Is FEDERAL Am fare" cases. persons, the willingness of the faculty to take The Social Security Act of 1935 provides Several of the Justices-especially Thur­ seriously what ever concerned students take that a woman can get ADC funds (aid for good Marshall-sharply ·questioned attorneys seriously. dependent children) only if the father of her defending the state residence requirements. Marshall twice referred to the requirements children is continually absent from home and 2 contributes nothing to support his offspring. as laws which "fence out the poor." This provision has encouraged paternal The Warren Court did not, however, hand WELFARE ROLE EXPLOSION-END down a decision in the "instant welfare" IN SIGHT desertion and the breeding of illegitimate children. There are cases of fathers deliber­ cases in 1968, but ordered them held over for ately abandoning wife and children to m ;1 ke the next term. HON. JOHN R. RARICK them eligible for ADC funds; of women re­ On April 21, 1969, the Supreme Court, in fusing to marry the fathers of their children a. 6-3 decision, upheld lower court decisions OF LOUISIANA in order to qualify for ADC funds; of women invalidating residence requirements for wel­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES getting ADC funds for a dozen or more fare assistance in Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Tuesday, July 29, 1969 illegitimates. and the District of Columbia. Twenty states formulated rules to discour­ Though the Department of Health, Educa­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, now that age tax-subsidized illegitimacy. Under these tion, •and Welfare was not involved in the the Constitution has been warped by rules, a woman could not get aid for depend­ instant-welfare cases-and though the cases the judicrats to give a guaranteed right ent children if she lived with a man, whether affected only two states-HEW Secretary for instant prosperity-not based on any legally married to him or not. In other words, Robert H. Finch ordered all states to abolish if a woman kept a "man in the house" who residence requirements for welfare, immedi­ theory of charity at a time of personal was not the legal father of her children, he ately. In doing so, Finch violated federal catastrophe, but extended to include ut­ was considered a "substitute father" who law. In the statutes authorizing federal ter disinclination to provide for oneself should help support the children; and the funds for state welfare programs, Congress and family-the die is cast for a "wel­ woman was not eligible for ADC. specifically directed that no state welfare fare" roll explosion. Federally-subsidized welfare has caused plans be disapproved because of residence In fact, we already hear the elected another, and related, social problem of dis­ requirements. officials in various parts of our country astrous dimensions: the piling up in big Most states will probably be afraid not to complain against public housing affect­ cities of people who do not work because they obey Finch's illegal orders, however, because do not want to work. They go to cities where they fear the loss of federal funds.a ing school board millage because even they can get more welfare benefits for doing What were Finch's motives? One seems if school bond measures are passed there nothing, than many self-supporting, tax­ obvious; and it is, to use a senseless liberal is not enough taxable property in the paying citizens can earn by working.1 term, "racist." "public housing" area where the votes As the relief rolls grow, the burden on States like California and New York pro­ are to raise the revenue to provide a workers who pay taxes becomes crushing. vide such generous welfare benefits that they workable school system .. Hordes of idle reliefers, demonstrating for lure reliefers from other states. The migrant bigger handouts, are goaded into hatred of, reliefers who have caused the most trouble, Currently, the latest urge of this new and outright warfare against, the society parasitical c1ass is to demand free food and added most to the coot of welfare in which supports them in idleness. northern and western states, are Negroes. stamps using as a criterion only the per­ Some 42 states and the District of Colum­ HEW Secretary Finch is prominent among son's current earnings. bia, trying to stem the dangerous influx of northern and western liberals who want to Certainly by the wildest stretch of the keep indigent Negroes "where they belong" imagination we have canceled every Footnotes at end of article. (in the south, that is), by setting up a na- July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21497 tional welfare system that wm give reliefers Thereupon, lawyers with the Dallas Legal the Tenth Amendment reserves to the states in Mississippi as much as they can get in Services Project (a poverty war agency, fi­ . ( or the people thereof) all powers not spe­ California. State and local governments nanced with tax money from the Office of cifloally granted to the federal government. would have no authority or responsibility 1n Economic Opportunity) urged Negro welfare Unless we stop illegal federal a.id, we will the system. mothera in Dallas to demonstrate and pro­ never stop illegal federal controls. If Finch's illegal aotion in ordering all test. Many of the women were reluctant to FOOTNOTES states to provide instant welfare causes a participate, but two leaders of the Stu­ 1 U.S. News & World Report, July 17, 1967, sharp rise in migration of reliefers from low­ dent Non-violent Coordinating Committee p.46. welfare states to high-welfare states, Con­ (SNCC) helped the tax-financed legal agi­ 2 Washington Evening Star, May 2, 1968, gress may do what Finch wants: pass another tators win some welfare mothers over. The p. B6; Dallas Morning News, editorial, Nov. unconstitutional law to nationalize and two SNOC members are both convicted 12, 1967. standardize welfare assistance. felons-free on appeals bonds after having s Human Events, June 28, 1969, p. 11. been sentenced to ten-year prison terms for I! Congress refuses, Mr. Finch, the entire 4 UPI from Wa.5hington, July 9, 19'69. a destructive raid on a grocery store in Dal­ Nixon administration, and the claque of 5 All information on the Danas welfare liberals now applauding the illlegal "in­ las earlier in 1968. controversy is from Dallas Morning News, stant welfare" orders could find themselves On the morning of November 26, 1968, six Nov. 26, 1968, pp. 1, DB; Nov. 27, 1968; Nov. hoist by their own petard. It will not take members of SNCC (including the two con­ 28, 1968, p. 1; Dec. 1, 1968, p. 1; Dec. 6, 1968, a very big increase in the influx of reliefers victed felons) stormed into the Dallas wel­ p. AlO; Dec. 7, 1968, p. 1; Jan. 28, 1969, p. 2; into northern and western cities to make fare offices, disrupted a staff meeting, de­ Feb. 13, 1969, p. Dl; July 2, 1969, p. 1; Dallas existing chaotic conditions wholly intoler­ manded to see "the big shots." Times Herald, Nov. 26, 1968, p. 1; Nov. 28, able. The SNCC militants were followed by 1968, p. A33; Dec. 5, 1968, p. 1; Dec. 9, 1968, What will the liberals do then? They will about 20 Negro welfare mothers. They did p. A21; WFAA-TV Newsoast, Nov. 26, 1968. never admit error. They will demand more not merely protest the reduction in ADC pillaging of productive citizens to provide payments. They demanded, among other handouts for idle hordes-who are idle, pri­ things, that the welfare department in­ marily, because liberal welfare-state poli­ stantly raise ADC payments to $100 a month cies deflected them from gainful employ­ for every child in every welfare family MARYLAND ARMY CAPTAIN KILLED ment. (which would give some families upward of IN VIETNAM Even Earl ·Warren dissented in the "in­ $1000 a month), and that every ADC family stant welfare" decision, because of implica­ be given a special "winter grant" of $50 per tions in the decision that could affect a child for clothing. HON. CLARENCE D. LONG "multitude of situations in which states Mrs. Ruth Jefferson, leader of the demon­ OF MARYLAND have imposed residence requirements, in­ strating mothers, has five children, and has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cluding eligibility to vote, to engage in cer­ lived on welfare for years, though she is tain professions or occupations, or to attend young and healthy-and has enough surplus Wednesday, July 30, 1969 a state-supported university." s cash that she recently bought an automo­ By extending the use of illegal federal bile. Asked why she does not work, Mrs. Jef­ Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, guidelines to enforce illegal oourt edicts, the ferson angrily replied that she does not have Capt Richard L. Buckles, an outstanding Nixon administration could be opening a to work, because she has a right to welfare young officer from Maryland, was killed Pandora's box. money. recently in Vietnam. I would like to Federal. courts have illegally . banned Reinforced by a few white students from commend his courage and honor his prayer and Bible reading in some school sys­ Perkins School of Theology at Southern memory by including the following arti­ tems. When will HEW issue guidelines to Methodist University, the demonstrators cle in the RECORD: extend this ban to all schools, threatening staged a sit-in. The next day, a local court to discipline those where children are still ordered them to leave the welfare offices. CAPTAIN BUCKLES, OF ANNAPOLIS, KILLED ON permitted to pray and read the Bible? They violated the order, but left voluntarily SECOND VIET TOUR On July 8, 1969, the Nixon administra­ on the evening of November 27. Later, 21 of A 27-year-old Army captain from Annapo­ tion threatened to sue the Waterbury, Con­ the d_emonstrators were given 3-day sus­ lis making a second tour of duty in Vietnam, necticut, school district if it does not im­ pended jail sentences for contempt of court. was killed in action Saturday, the Defense mediatel~ "stop allowing wl">ite students to Some cursed audibly when the court pro­ Department announced yesterday. escape its predominantly non-white schools nounced the sentences, but were not even Capt. Richard L. Buckles, whose father is by attending Roman Catholic schools." 4 rebuked for that contempt. a retired Army lieutenant colonel and whose If the government closes church schools On February 12, 1969, the Dallas Legal brother is also in the Army, was killed while by prohibiting students from attending Services (using tax money from Washing­ defending Tay Ninh, near the Cambodian them, giving governmental schools an abso­ ton) filed suit on behalf of three welfare border. lute monopoly over children, and then parents: Mrs. Ruth Jefferson, another Negro He was a company commander in the 1st guidelines God out of all the government mother, and a Mexican father. Collectively, Infantry Division. schools-when will the American Civil Lib­ these three have 20 children. Their lawsuit GRADUATE OF VPI erties Union and related totalitarian orga­ claimed that the Texas constitutional lim­ A native of Wyoming, Captain Buckles's nizations get federal court injunctions itation on welfare spending violates the fed­ latest home was Annapolis, where he lived against parents for teaching their children eral social security law, and alleged that with his wife, the former Judith A. Howell, about God? A ridiculous question with an the reduction in monthly welfare allotments of Falls Church, Va., and their three young unjustified inference? Perhaps. for ADC families stemmed from racial prej­ children. When will the federal government force udice because most ADC famllles in Texas A 1964 graduate of the Virginia Polytech­ states to increase taxes on productive citi­ are Negroes and Mexioans. The plaintiffs nic Institute, Captain Buckles entered the zens to provide handouts for non-productive asked that Texas be ordered to "appropriate army in July of 1964 as a second lieutenant, citizens? That has alre.ady started. sufficient funds of money so as not to deny having completed ROTC courses at college. The federal government supplies approxi­ a reasonable standard of living for the plain­ He was sent to Vietnam for the first time mately $4 in tax money for welfare in Texas tiffs and the members of their class." in January, 1966, and his second tour be­ to matoh every $1 the state puts up. The On July 1, 1969, a 3-judge federal court in gan five weeks ago. Texas constitution limits expenditure of state Dallas decided this case, rejecting the racial­ Upon returning from his first tour, he tax money on welfare to $60 million a year. prejudioe allegation, but enjoining Texas was awarded the Bronze Star. He had re­ This means that annual welfare d"isburse­ froin receiving federal funds for welfare after ceived two Purple Hearts for injuries re­ ments in Texas are limited to about $300 September 1, 1969, unless Texas increases aid ceived since he began his second tour, and million. When Texas (on September 1, 1968) to dependent children.G he was also awarded the Combat Infantry­ implemented the Warren Court's "substi­ In a referendum election on August 5, 1969, man's Badge. tute father" rule by add1ng about 30,000 Texans will again vote on a constitutional In addition to his wife, who lives at 1006 persons to ADC welfare rolls, there was not amendment to raise the welfare-spending Harbor drive, in Annapolis, he is survivecl enough money to go around; so, allotments limit--this time to $80 million a year. I hope by two daughters, Christine Lee, 4, and Karen to all ADC families were reduced from $135- they defeat the amendment, emphatically. sue, 2; a son, Jeffrey Alan, 2 months; his a-month maximum to $123 a month. What I said last week, with regard to il­ parents, Lt. Col. Ronald J. Buckles, USA The Texas legislature proposed a consti· legal federal meddling with school opera­ (Ret.), and Mrs. Buckles, of Pacific Grove, tutional amendment (on the ballot in No­ tions, applies to illegal federal meddling ~ Calif.; a brother, Spec. 6 Michael R. Buckles, vember, 1968) to raise the state's welfare­ welfare, business. housing, farming: the orig­ stationed in Frankfort, Germany; a sister, spend"ing limit to $75 million annually. Texas inal sin is the federal aid. The Constitution Mrs. Roberta Sargent, of Cambridge, Eng­ voters rejeoted the amendment. grants the federal government no power to land, and his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Footnotes at end of article. aid or meddle in any of these fields; and Lloyd Wilson, of Laramie, Wyo. 21498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 NEWSLETTER polls a:re a valuable aid in my work, so I am Court Tather than have the Court develop thankful that your interest continues to one for itself? make them a success. Here is the way the final figures looked: -Yes------60 HON. EDWIN D. ESHLEMAN No------36 OF PENNSYLVANIA [Answers in percent] No response ------4 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1. Do you believe that the Vietnam pro­ 12. Should the national government step gram recently outlined by the President is Wednesday, July 30, 1969 in and standardize welfare programs in a reasonable and hopeful step toward achiev­ States throughout the country? Mr. ESHLEMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am ing peace? today sending to my constituents my Yes------46 -Yes------73 No ------50 latest newsletter. I am including the No------20 No response ------4 contents of that newsletter in the REC­ No response______7 13. Do you think that the present con­ ORD at this point: 2. Regardless of how you answered the pre­ troversy has justified a reopening of the Job SPACE AGE THOUGHTS vious question, do you consider the Paris Corps camps ordered closed by the Presi­ Moon flights have focused our attention peace talks to be the best means of ending dent? on the American space program. While some the Vietnam War? Yes------19 have questioned the money spent on space Yes------33 exploration, few doubt that our spirits have No------72 No------58 No response------9 been uplifted and our national pride en­ No response______9 hanced by the feats of the astronauts. Even 14. Would you agree that disorder on a col­ those of us who have never been in a space­ 3. Should the power of a President to com­ lege campus should be primarily a matter ship have had some direct benefits from space mit American troops to combat without for settlement by college authorities? efforts-global communications with satel­ sP.ecific approval of Congress be curbed? lites, improved weaither forecasting and ad­ Yes------69 vances in medicine to name a few. No one can Yes------63 No------28 say what further a,chievements are in store No------No response ______343 No response------3 as the space program moves forward, just as 15. In your opinion, is it proper for the no one could have calculated the develop­ 4. Would you favor a tax reform plan that Federal Government to ban certain types of ments which arose from the voyage of Co­ would eliminate most income tax deductions advertising from television? lumbus. In this decade, a frontier has been but substantially reduce the tax rates? opened which will never be closed. Our travel Yes------67 into that frontier can promise not only ad­ Yes------70 No ------31 venture, but the hope of a better life for all No------23 No response______2 No ·response------~------7 men as well. 16. Generally speaking, are you favorably 5. Viewing the economy as it now stands impressed with the first four months of the and figuring in the continued expense of the Nixon Administration? CENSUS JOBS Vietnam conflict, do you favor extending the The 1970 Census will be a big undertaking. 10 percent surcharge beyond its June 30 ex­ Yes------78 It wm require the hiring of thousands of piration date providing it is lowered to 5 per­ No------17 people across the Nation. Census employment cent as of January 1, 1970? No response------~------5 has traditionally been outside the Federal career service. It is subject, however, to Yes------59 17. Do you believe that Congress should qualification tests administered by the No------36 grant local law enforcement agencies greater Census Bureau. The hiring will get under­ No response------5 :financial support? way in February, and candidates for all jobs 6. Regardless of how you answered the pre­ Yes ------58 must pass the written test and must be vious question, would you favor extending No------38 available full-time for the period of assign­ the 10 percent surtax if it was coupled to a No response______4 ment. District Managers will be obtained spending ceiling on the Federal Government 18. In your opinion, is the problem of or­ through referral sources designated by the to help bring inflation under control? Nixon Administration and the balance of the ganized crime big enough to demand priority recruitment will be carried out through Yes------68 attention by the Justice Department? sources at the county level, supplemented No------28 Yes------93 by open recruiting as necessary. Enumerator No response------4 No------5 jobs, averaging only 3 to 5 weeks of full-time 7. Do you think that Federal spendi.ng No response------2 work during April and May, will be paid at should be cut back even if it means reducing 19. In the area of electoral reform, do you piece rates ave,raging from $200 to $400. Crew expenditures in your favorite government leader assignments, lasting 6 to 9 weeks, will favor a plan which would provide for the be paid about $100 per week. Office clerical program? direct election of a President? positions, assignments lasting 12 to 16 weeks, Yes------88 Yes ------74 will be paid at hourly rates of about $2.00. No------9 No------20 While all positions are relatively low paying, No response------3 No response______6 they carry with them very real responsibility. The penalties accruing from a poorly-con­ 8. Until a settlement is reached in Viet­ 20. Do you believe that Federal health, ducted census can be severe to the com­ nam, do you think that the present military education and welfare grants to the States munity or State involved. On the other hand, draft system should be immediately changed should be replaced with a block grant system the benefits from a good census will be very to the random lottery plan proposed by the which would permit State and local officia,ls great. President? to determine how the funds should be spent. -Yes ------48 Yes ------61 No------28 QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS No ------45 No response------11 As you know, my last newsletter included No response ------7 a twenty part questionnaire. If you haven't 9. Should Congress develop legislation to SMUT MAIL seen the results of that poll, I'm sure you'll prohibit strikes by all public employees? I have a question for the U.S. Supreme :find them interesting. Some of you probably Court. Do the freedoms of speech and press did see these percentages sin,ce many of the Yes------66 include the freedom to invade the privacy of local newspapers were kind enough to publish No------31 the home with pornographic literature? the totals. But even so, I thought you might No response ------3 American families are being bombarded with want to give these results a second look 10. Do you believe that the national secu­ some of the most disgusting material imagi­ because they seem to me to be a pretty good rity factors pointed out by the President nable. The U.S. mails today are flooded with indication of 16th District thinking on some offers of hard-core smut, and even this pro­ of the really big issues. They put in to specific justify the $6 billion expenditure needed to build the modified ABM system he proposes? motional material is obscene by practically numerical language many of the feelings that every standard of human dignity. Vicious have been conveyed to me in discussions with Yes------51 men, who would do absolutely anything to individuals and groups in recent weeks. No ------38 make a few dollars, are using mailing lists I again want to express appreciation to No response ------11 derived from innocent sources such as high those of you who were good enough to par­ 11. Do you believe that Congress should school honor roll lists t.o sell smut to young ticipate and register opinions with me. These develop a code of ethics for the Supreme people. July 39, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21499 Every week I receive letters from angry should be even more optimistic. Two years pie look at the Saturn 5 rocket blastoff on parents who are pleading for a way to keep ago, the county had 4,488 in manufacturing television. this filth out of their mailboxes. They take employment compared with 4,130 in 1958. "On a 20-inch screen you have a 10-inch the position that the U.S. mails should not One area in which Lauderdale County sub­ rocket," the exasperated proponent claims. be freely available to those who would profit stantially outstripped all its neighboring "How impressive can that be?" from pandering to the natural curiosity of counties and the state as a whole was in To be appreciated, he ls saying, it must be the young: I agree I population growth. All the surrounding seen in person. But today, following a series of court de­ counties in East Mississippi lost population Most visitors to the east coast of Florida cisions, the smut merchants feel free to do as between 1950 and 1966, but Lauderdale get a glimpse of a moon rocket. From heavlly­ they please with their product. Printing County was one of seven Mississippi counties traveled U.S. 1 the launch pads are clearly presses and mailing services are being pressed gaining more than 100,000 during that span. visible for 10 miles to the east. into overtime duty to get out materials that Lauderdale, which rose from 64,171 to 74,790 At launch time, thousands of people see a decade ago would have qualified the sender was joined by Harrison, Jackson, Hinds, and hear the rocket, weather permitting. A to a few years in a Federal penitentiary. Lowndes, Forrest and Pearl River in the New York scientist claims its roar ls the loud­ In the last Congress we made some little 10,000-plus gains bracket. Overall, Mississippi est man-made sound not classed as an ex­ progress toward meeting the problem. We slightly gained in population with the 1960s plosion. established a means by which a citizen-for reversing the losing trend of the previous The closest viewers for a launch are kept himself or his children-could complain decades. three miles away. Any closer and the sound about material which, in his or her opinion, Most of the population gain locally was would be painful. is "erotically arousing or sexually provoca­ registered during the 1960s, obviously a re­ At ignition the noise ripples across the tive." A formal complaint is lodged with a sult of the location of the Meridian Naval water surrounding the launch pad on three Postmaster and the sender is notified to stop Air Station here in 1961. About three-fourths sides, making little waves and knocking birds mailing to the citizen's home. Any repetition of Lauderdale's population-74 per cent-ls about in the sky. makes the sender subject to fines and im­ classified as urban, the size of Meridian ac­ An artificial breeze ls created which makes prisonment. counting for this factor. light fixtures dance, the material in your The form necessary to initiate the pro­ The neighboring counties all lost heavily clothing flutter back and forth and Walter cedure ls reproduced on this page. [Form population wise during the decade between Cronkite's picture window cave in. not printed in RECORD.] Should you receive 1950 and 1960, but several including Neshoba, unwanted advertising which is, in your Noxubee, Clarke, Wayne, Newton, Scott and BIG, LOUD AND MORE own opinion, erotically arousing or sex­ Leake, registered small gains the past several But the Saturn 5 rocket is much more than ually provocative, fill out the form and send years to stabilize their population. Kemper, just sight and sound. it, along with the material you received, to Winston and Jasper, however, continue to What people casually refer to as the rocket your Postmaster. lose people. actually includes three major rocket stages, a While this procedure provides a positive The surrounding counties showed gains in three-foot high "brain," two complete space­ way of stopping this disgusting traffic in manufacturing employment and income from craft and an escape rocket which probably pornography, I see it as only a stop-gap 1958-67. will never be used. measure. President Nixon has proposed some A quick top-to-bottom tour of the rocket stiff standards to control smut. They are would go like this: standards which deserve Congressional ac­ SATURN 5: A NATIONAL RESOURCE The Launch Escape Tower, actually a tion in the very near future, and which will WAITING TO BE USED rocket itself, is more powerful than a Minute­ have my support. man missile. If something goes wrong early in the ·rught the escape tower lifts the astro­ HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE nauts in their cabin off the giant rocket to OF TEXAS safety. ECONOMIC INDEXES UP THE MOTHER SHIP IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Command and Service Modules, fre­ Wednesday, July 30, 1969 quently called the mother ship, is the main Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, spacecraft. Inside, all three spa,cemen ride OF MISSISSIPPI away from earth and into moon orbit. It has with the outstanding accomplishment of the heat shield and parachutes in the upper IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a lunar landing in this decade it is now or Command Module portion and provides Wednesday, July 30, 1969 important that we turn our attention to the safe ride home. the future of our national space program. The Lunar Module, or Lem, rides into space Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, I The July 1969 issue of Today discusses hidden by white panels. It ls the two-man am very proud of the vast strides the the Saturn V rocket and its capabilities. Lem that astronauts ride down to the sur­ county in which my hometown of Merid­ Perhaps the most significant point of this face of the moon and return to link up with ian is located has made over the last 20 the mother ship, which remains in orbit. years. The following article on Lauder­ article is the fact we have developed a (Together the double-spacecraft, when dale County points out increases in popu­ national resource-one which we can ill stacked on the rocket, is almost as tall as lation, personal income, manufacturing a:ff ord to ignore or neglect. It is impor­ the entire rocket John Glenn rode into orbit employment, and other economic in­ tant that we choose our goals carefully 1n 1962.) and soon so that we will reap the benefits North American Rockwell builds the Com­ dexes. I commend the article to my of the vast technology that has been de­ mand and Service Modules and Grumman colleagues: veloped from the Apollo program. Oorporation builds the Lem. LAUDERDALE COUNTY GROWTH, INCOME UP The article from the July 1969 issue of THE BRAIN MERIDIAN.-Lauderdale County has experi­ Today follows: Immediately below the Lem is the Instru­ enced steady growth in population, income ment Unit which serves as the electronic and employment since 1950, a state survey SATURN 5: A NATIONAL RESOURCE WAITING To BE USED brain for the rocket as it flies into space. shows, and the East Mississippi county's prog­ This "brain" built by IBM, aims the double ress closely parallels that of the state as a It towers over the Florida landscape and spacecraft at the proper point near the moon. whole. over the next decade of space exploration. A survey released by the Mississippi Re­ The third stage of the rocket, built by Mc­ The Saturn 5 rocket is the space truck Donnell-Douglas, ls the only one which fires search and Development center compares the that delivers Apollo goods to the moon. twice. During the trip into earth orbit it 82 counties in the state. It ls taller than the Statue of Liberty and Lauderdale County's average annual earn­ slightly smaller than the Washington Mon­ provides the last needed bit of power with its ings, wages paid to workers covered by the one engine and pushes the spacecraft and ument. Look up at a 36-story building and itself into orbit around the earth. Mississippi Employment Security Law, are you'll get the idea. about average for the state. And the growth Then the engine fires a second time, But its height doesn't really say much sending the astronauts toward the moon. It 1n the period 1958-67 was almost identical about the size of the rocket. One astronaut with the progress made overall in Missis­ falls away after its job ls done, so it won't said the only way to appreciate it is to walk interfere with the spacecraft. sippi. The average worker in Lauderdale on the metal catwalk toward the spacecraft, made about $4,500 annually in 1967, up from stop halfway across and look between your The second rocket stage, 81-feet tall and about $3,100 in 1958. The state average dur­ feet at the ground. 83-feet in diameter, is made by North Ameri­ can Rockwell. It provides a million pounds of ing the same period jumped from about From the astronaut's viewpoint with the $3,200 to $4,600. lifting power. ground more than 400 feet below, the size The first stage, or booster, is the most During the 11-year span manufacturing begins to take hold. employment showed a slight gain in Lauder­ powerful rocket ever built. It has 7.5 mlllion dale, 358 new jobs. But with new industry lo­ HAS TO BE SEEN pounds of lifting power even though it cating here since 1961, expansions of existing A space agency official, trying to explain weighs less than fl ve million pounds. firms and the construction of the Lockheed why the agency has difficulty getting money A variety of changes are being discussed for Aircraft Corp. plant, the next set of figures from Oongress, contends· it is because peo· the basic rocket so it can be used through the 21500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 1970s. One would see solid-fueled rocket The rate which the bill seeks to make draft will hit the disadvantaged harder than motors added on the outside to carry heavier legal is not a truly competitive rate of those who can continue their schooling. loads into space. Another idea is to use the The hopeful way out eventually will be spent third stage for a space station, leaving interest. That is the conclusion to be the volunteer approach planned by President it in earth orbit instead of kicking it away reached from the fact that the consumer Nixon. into space after it is out of fuel. loan business is concentrated in a mini­ Meanwhile, wouldn't a lottery really be the "It's not just a rocket," a Kennedy Space mal number of banks, and from the fur­ equitable course? A lottery, moreover, with Center official sa,id. "It is a n ational resource ther fact that auto loans, where there deferments virtually eliminated and the call waiting to be used." is competition among the banks, are based on the actual needs of the services. made at rates of 4, 5, or 6 percent on the original balance-or roughly 8 to 12 per­ ,cent on the outstanding balances-not IN OPPOSITION TO H.R. 255, TO the 16 percent sought for other loans in OUTLOOK DIM ON DRUG FIGHT? DEDUCT INTEREST IN ADVANCE this bill. ON INSTALLMENT LOANS Yesterday, the bill H.R. 255 was con­ sidered on the floor of the House. The HON. CHARLES H. WILSON Members voted to recommit this bill to OF CALIFORNIA HON. MARIO BIAGGI the Committee on the District of Co­ OF NEW YORK lwnbia. This action prevented statutory IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sanction to lending practices which have Wednesday, July 30, 1969 Wednesday, July 30, 1969 not had such sanction in the past, and Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr. to :finance rates which have not been Speaker, Saville R. Davis, a staff corre­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, this bill, as competitive with credit union rates, or spondent of the Christian Science reported, would have authorized bankers reflected competition among the banks. Monitor, in a recent article appearing in in the District of Columbia to deduct that publication described President interest in advance on some classes of Nixon's narcotic and drug abuse pro­ loans. The bill does not affect automo­ posal as one that "bristles with handi­ bile loans, nor loans by licensed lenders, TOWARD DRAFT REFORM caps, obstacles, and limitations." The nor credit union loans, nor loans on inadequacies of the administration's ap­ home mortgages. HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER proach to the problem is further The text of the committee's hearings heightened when comparison is made to on this bill, H.R. 255, by their inclusions OF KANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the proposed "Comprehensive Narcotic and omissions, indicates why this bill Addiction and Drug Abuse Care and .should be rejected. Wednesday, July 30, 1969 Control Act of 1969" which I, 24 other The present statutory ceiling on the Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, on July Members of the House and 16 Members classes of loans for which an effective 23, 1969, in of the Senate have sponsored. As criti­ rate of nearly 16 percent would be au­ I joined sponsoring H.R. thorized, has been 8 percent for 68- years 13066, a bill to amend the Military Se­ cism of t~1e bill drafted by the Attorney lective Service Act of 1967. The need for General increases, support and recogni­ of this century. That ceiling was estab­ improving our system of military man­ tion of the validity of our approach is lished when the single payment loan was coincidentally on the rise. characteristic, before the retailers' prac­ power procurement has grown more and tice of extending installment credit and more urgent with each passing year. I include the text of the Monitor the Morris Plan Bank method of extend­ It is encouraging to note that draft article as well as a relevant letter to the ing installment loans, had developed, and reform is not dead and there is growing ed~t~r of the Los Angeles Times by Dr. before the success of such credits had interest in correcting inequities both in W1ll1am F. Quinn, chairman, Commit­ lured the commercial banks into install­ the administration and the Congress. I tee on Dangerous Drugs of the California ment loans to consumers. When the wholeheartedly endorse actions taken by Medical Association, at this point in the banks went into personal installment President Nixon creating a commission RECORD: loans, they charged 8 percent on the to study the feasibility of an all-volun­ NIXON MESSAGE: OUTLOOK DIM ON DRUG original balance, as they would have in teer military force after the Vietnam FIGHT discounting a loan repaid by the cus­ war. (By Saville R. Davis) tomer in one payment at the end of the Meanwhile, the demand for draft re­ WASHINGTON.-The outlook for checking term of the loan. But with repayments form is being voiced throughout the the narcotics traffic ls not promising as of in installments, the borrower has the use country. Under the leave to extend my now. of only about half of the money over the remarks in the RECORD, I include the President Nixon's new program bris,tles life of the loan, and consequently the following editorial from the Hutchinson, with handicaps, obstacles, and limitations. rate of interest or finance charge is Kans., News which is indicative of the To begin with, the President doesn't have support that responsible draft reform much money to spend on it, yet. He couldn't about double the nominal rate. The afford the "massive increases" in police and statute authorized 8 percent before in­ legislation is receiving. The editorial fol­ customs manpower that the experts call for, stallment loans were the common prac­ lows: even if there were ways to train them quickly. TOWARD DRAFT REFORM tice; the banks charged 8 percent with­ So the message he sent to Congress this out specific statutory authorization Rep. Garner Shriver has been working with week doesn't specify the modest numbers when they began making installment other Republican House members for several of men that can be hired or transferred to loans. Now that they are required by years on the problems of military manpower the narcotics front in the near future. and draft inequities. Nor does the President have enough agreed truth-in-lending statute to disclose the He has joined in a new effort to reduce annual percentage rate on their loans, the unfairness of what is called "selective facts about marijuana to launch an all-out they want statutory authorization which service." educational campaign among the nation's they have not had before to charge 8 The major changes in this proposal would young. All he could do was to instruct his percent on a discounted installment loan. require uniform standards across the nation government to "gather all authoritative in­ They are following the lead of many in granting deferments, and would permit format ion" on t}:lis and the other extensively deferments for s·tudents in junior colleges used drugs, and to conduct research and other States, which have similarly raised a,nd community colleges-similar to those "compile a balanced and objective educa­ the statutory rate to conform to the now given in regula,r four-year schools. tional program." practice of bankers. The timing is fortunate. Congress is show­ MATERIAL UNAVAILABLE The personal loan and loans on house­ ing a new disposition not to take for granted hold goods business.of banks in the Dis­ the recommendations of military voices out Such material ls not now available. trict is not monopolized, but one bank of the past, including that of Gen. Lewis B. There is a "dearth of scientific informa­ long has clearly been the leader; the Hershey, and it should grab at this chance tion on the subject," the President had to volwne of such loans is small at most to re-study the draft. tell Congress. "Different 'experts' deliver other banks in the District. Any reform in our present system is wel­ solemn judgments which are poles apart. come. The changes offered by Shriver a.nd As a result of these conflicting judgments, The proposed amendment to the law others should reduce some disparities, and Americans seem to have divided themselves w~uld benefit primarily one bank, but must be encouraged. on the issue, a.long generational. lines." with some protection for the profits of But the basic draft inequity remains. It ls Presidential frustration showed itself in other banks in the District. . simply that, even with these reforms, the these words. July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21501 Nor can the President be sure that his and at the frontiers. There would be federal If you have grown tired of the foggy present program is the best one under the conferences with state offici'als. bottom approach to sophistication, come circumstances. to Austin where the people enjoy their Some specialists in this field think that DOCTOR URGES WAITING FOR FACTS BEFORE heritage and natural beauties with a re­ it will only accomplish the reverse of what CHANGING MARIJUANA LAWS freshing frankness. is intended, to throw in more police and There seems to be some fuzziness about If customs inspectors and narcotics detectives the marijuana situation when quoting you want to grin with honest fun, and task forces to tackle the criminal under­ statistics. come to the Aqua Festival. The program ground and pursue the young "pushers." It Certainly, if there were no marijuana avail­ is as diverse as are the great people of could, they say, merely raise the price of able, we would still have heroin addicts. Texas. We will offer a bit to whet the drugs a-0ross the country, and cause more However, there might be some who would not appetites of all special interests. In ab­ crimes to be committed by desperate addicts have become heroin addicts had they not breviated form, let me outline some of the to get money for the new high prices. been induced to try it by the permissiveness events; mariachi music, German music, LONG-TERM PROBLEM initiated by marijuana or the fact that the Western music, even some rock music, high they got from marijuana no longer was Nor is this all of the grim picture that high enough and they graduate to heroin. water ski championships, national sports hobbles what a President can do. The spe­ One cannot brush under the rug the car races, canoe races, boat races, land cialists in this field, and a long succession sheriff's figures. Of those juveniles arrested parade, lighted night water parade, coro­ of depth studies like that of the crime com­ for a marijuana offense Wi,thin a five year nation ball, and beauty pageant. mission under President Johnson, all say period-and these are only the ones who got The atmosphere is infectious, the that the narcotics problem, just like that of caught-one out of every six was arrested for pleasures genuine, and the time well the rising crime level generally, will not yield a heroin offense. to any one or two simple methods of attack. spent. Mark your calendar for August 1 It is, of course, somewhat of a guess as to to 10. I would not miss it. To the extent that drugs are part of the gen­ whether or not they would have gone on to eral crime problem, and can be dealt with heroin anyway. In talking with many addicts by enforcement, the entire complex of police, they, in general, feel that they might not court, and rehabilitation programs has to be have gone to the strong stuff if they hadn't tackled. This is admittedly a very slow, long­ started on the weak stuff. THERE OUGHT TO BE A LAW term program. Having had a hand in writing the LSD Without progress on all these fronts to­ legislation, it was · felt constructive to make gether, no one panacea will work. simple possession a misdemeanor rather than HON. ARNOLD OLSEN Finally, the narcotics problem is not just a felony, whereas, the penalties for peddling OF MONTANA a question of "law enforcement alone"--or would still be severe. It was recognized that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the common language, not just a police while LSD was stronger stuff than marijuana, problem. The President says this in his it was also felt we need not perpetuate our Wednesday, July 30, 1969 message to Congress, although the methods errors. that he proposes are chiefly police methods. Mr. OLSEN. Mr. Speaker, I want to Currently, the law seems reasonable in that call the attention of my colleagues to Especially with young who are in rebellion it gives the judge discretionary powers with against present-day society and willing to first offense marijuana users to make it either the following editorial from the Ber­ take risks to get the "pot" or pills that the a misdemeanor or a felony. Since marijuana wick, Pa., Enterprise of May 31, 1969, laws forbid, there seems to be no assurance was never considered a useful substance by which focuses on the matter of trading that higher penalties will stop them. the medical profession, little research was stamps, a matter of concern to all con­ With all these disputes and difficulties to done on it. On the other hand, it was hoped sumers: right and to left of him, the President's that LSD would be a useful substance and THERE OUGHT To BE A LAW message on narcotics is unable to take the research was done on it, and its potentially strong, clear line that he might have wished. dangerous s4de effects became known and How many times have you heard someone But time was passing and the President had its use was prohibited. say "there ought to be a law" in the past to act. So he appears to have done what he A good deal of research is now going on as year or so? could under the circumstances, according to to marijuana and it is hoped that those who Probably many times. his preference for stiffening penalties and are for it or against it will wa.tt until the But really-there are too many laws al­ law enforcement. scientific evidence is in before making sweep­ ready. The trouble is that the right ones He is asking Congress to raise the penalty ing statements. Until this evidence is in, aren't enforced. for unlawful possession to LSD from a maxi­ there is certainly no point in changing the In matters dealing with the free market mum of a year in prison to a minimum of laws which are constructive and discretionary there seems to be a particular mania for two years and a maximum of 10. This in­ at the present time, as far as California is passing laws. Those of socialistic trend par­ cludes the young, to whom he refers with concerned. ticularly like to make war a.gainst business this sentence: "Another estimate is that As to the pusher, there is no problem he1"e a.nd its promotions. several million American college students since no one has any sympathy for the indi­ For example--there are trading stamps. We have at least experimented wtih marijuana, viduals who would profit on the weaknesses save them in our family and we presume hasish, LSD, amphetamines, or barbiturates." and credulities of the ill-informed. most people do, but there are those who reg­ The maximum imprisonment for the first WILLIAM F. QUINN, M.D., ularly come through with suggestions to do offense in selling LSD ls now five years. The Chairman, Committee on Dange!fous away with them by law. smallest penalty would henceforth be five Drugs of California Medical Assn., Los Just why-we don't know, except that it is years and the maximum raised to 20. Angeles. probably because of an overpowering desire The President would also make it a federal to meddle. If they really want to crusade offense for anyone to possess or sell m:arl­ we can think of a lot of situations toward juana unless he has a state license. He would which they could make much better use of legalize New York's "no-knock" law which AUSTIN AQUA FESTIVAL their time. allows police to enter immediately and with­ INVITATION The meddlers are all over. Some are in out identifying themselves so that evidence Minnesota and there a bill had been under of drugs cannot be concealed, providing consideration to regulate issuance and re­ they have a federal court order. Warrants of HON. J. J. PICKLE demption of trading stamps. A legislative this sort would only be issued for drug cases. OF TEXAS subcommittee however, after a thorough check, found nothing wrong with the stamps :ITEMS REPEATED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES so we presume the efforts there have gone The 10-point Nixon program includes a Wednesday, July 30, 1969 by the board. number of items previously urged by Presi­ If lawmakers would keep away from sub­ dent Johnson: improved state drug laws, Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, I am jects which the people can regulate them­ efforts to persuade the drug-producing coun­ pleased to announce the Austin Aqua selves-we would all be much better off. For tries to deal with the problem at the source, Festival to my colleagues and to extend example-if people decide they are aga.tnst research and educational programs, enlarged a nonpartisan invitation to every Mem­ trading stamps they will merely buy at places training for enforcement officers, and mod­ ber. The Austin Aqua Festival has been that do not give them. ern rehabilitation for addicts or sellers. established as one of the top six water But many, many merchants have found He adds a number of features to the John­ that such stamps stimulate sales and the in­ son program including a comprehensive law, festivals in America. creased sales makes it possible to help hold tightening many diverse laws and making If you have grown weary of looking at down prices. them more flexible and bringing them into a Potomac that you cannot enjoy, come And, another thing-stamps are a form of one package. He also plans to divert man­ to Austin where there still remains an "savings." After all, they do serve in lieu power from other government activities, element of purity as the Colorado River of cash in "purchasing" a great many ar­ create special task forces, and in general :flows past the downtown area, just blocks ticles each year by a substantial percentage tighten both enforcement inside the country from the State capitol. of Americans. CXV--1355-Part 16 21502 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 ROBERT FROST REMEMBERED-BY wouldn't have much confidence in myself Elizabeth's, be 'clea.red' for a position with DR. ROY P. BASLER that way if I hadn't been so successful in the Library of Congress? •• .'' Washington lately in a law case. (Ezra "Veteran'' was mistaken, as are most critics Pound's release, for which Frost and others of the Consultantship, in assuming that the HON. WILLIAMS. MOORHEAD had petitioned, had been cleared on April 18.) taxpayer's money pays the consultant's hon­ But, I surprised myself. I wish-Kipling has orarium, when in fact a modest endowment, OF PENNSYLVANIA a poem that begins 'I wish my mother could given to the Library of Congress by the late IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES see me now.'" Arol}er M. Huntington, provides the means Wednesday, July 30, 1969 How did he intend to make politicians and for this unique post. statesmen aware of the arts? "I guess we'll II Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, our have to ask them to dinner once in a while. "national poet," Robert Frost, consul­ And then, you know, you can keep giving During the summer months, preparations tant in poetry for the Library of Congress them your books ... I've got one with me for were made for Frost's assumption of his offi­ somebody very high up right now-very, very cial duties in October. Requests for appoint­ from 1958-62, once wrote that if he had ments, as well as letters enclosing mia.nu­ an epitaph, it might read, "I had a lov­ high up-about as high as you can get." What would he inscribe in it? "I hadn't got scripts for the oonsultant to criticize and er's quarrel with the world." And so he as far as that, but it'll be as farmer to asking all kinds of advioe, became so numer­ did often insulting, teasing, and then farmer .. .'' ous that it was necessary to devise form re­ plies explaining why the consultant could embracing the world he loved so much. Did he discuss the Pound case with the Frost did much t.o stimulate the es­ not personally reply to all. But when Frost President? "No ... the Attorney General ... arrived on October 12 to spend his first week tablishment of the National Foundation It started with Mr. Brownell, but Mr. Rogers in residence, both his office schedule and his on the Arts and Humanities and the got promoted the day after I saw him as soclal sohedule were full. He was consulted Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Assistant. See, I got him promoted.'' officially by State and Army, as well as by and was the only poet to take part in a Within a few minutes, the scope of the professors, students, and poets. He read his Presidential inaugural--J. F. K.'s. Consultantship in Poetry at the Library of poems in the Library's Coolidge Auditorium Dr. Roy P. Basler, chief of the Man­ Congress had expanded beyond anything to an invited audience of high school honor uscript Division of the Library of Con­ heretofore contemplated, by anyone other students and their teachers, alld again held a than Frost, at least. The questions, answers, press conference, this time sparsely attended. gress, has written an absorbing and mov­ and badinage continued :for an hour, cover­ When told that President Eisenhower had ing account of Frost's years in Washing­ ing the Pound case as well as the only other called a press conference at the same time, ton-years which prompt me to suggest time Frost had anything to do with the law­ he remarked, "First things first ... I'll have another epitaph from a title of one of "for punching somebody once years and to say something to him about that when I his own poems, "Happiness Makes Up in years ago." see him." When introduced to the reporters Height for What It Lacks in Length.'' Why? "That's too delicate a matter. I by the Deputy Librarian of Congress with an I commend the enclosed article from can't go into that." explanation that the conference had been Voyages for the attention of my col­ President Eisenhower's fondness for a called because the consultant's crowded painting by Anders Zorn, Theodore Roose­ schedule could not aiccommOda.te a.11 the re­ leagues at this point in the RECORD: velt's appointment of Edwin Arlington Rob­ quests for individual interviews, he protested YANKEE VERGIL-ROBERT FROST IN inson to a job in the New York Customs with good humor. "Now you decided all this. WASHINGTON House, and Coolidge's acquaintance with the I ought not to be called poetry consultant. I (By Roy P. Basler) poet Dennis McCarthy, who wrote for the ought to be called poet-in-waiting." He re­ Boston Post, came in for comment. marked that "one reason I'm here is my It makes the prophet in us all presage Dwight Morrow had tried to get Presi­ ambition ... to get out of the small pota­ The [!lory of a next Augusta-:,, a.ge . . . dent Coolidge to invite Frost to the White toes class." He wanted "Somebody in the A golden age of poetry and power House, and all Coolidge had replied was: Cabinet for the arts ... just to have the Of which this noonday's the beginning hour.1 "There used to be a poet by the name of Den­ staite recognize the existence of the arts." In the spring of 1958, Robert Frost became nis McCarthy, hanging around the State This conference rambled over American Consultant in Poetry at the Library of Con­ House in Boston." poetry, with pungent comment on Pound's gress-with a purpose. For many years his It was Frost's opinion that we should "do Cantos, as well as American painting, espe­ poetry had received wide acclaim indeed, but something about this, bringing poets and cially Frost's liking for the work of Win­ it became increasingly evident to me that presidents and things together. Wouldn't it slow Homer, Andrew Wyeth, Thomas Eakins, he wanted more, and meant to get it. It was be terrible if this country went down in his­ and James Chapin. He had a painting by each my privilege, in a small way, to aid and abet tory, like Carthage, without anybody to praise in mind that he thought would suitably his intent. The role which he conceived for it ... ?" decorate the walls of the consultant's office. his remaining years--prophet and wiseman As the conference went on-covering such But he wouldn't want to have too sum!)tu­ to the nation-he developed craftily as the divergent topics as socialism, the need for ous working conditions. "If I had a beautii\ul stage widened, and with some luck, good more study of the humanities as opposed to studio, I'd never paint. I'd have ladies visit­ timing, and a fair portion of ham acting, he science, and the need for political leaders, as ing." was able to play out his part, perhaps farther a reporter phrased it, "to have religious In reply to a ques,tion whether the world downstage than he had ever suspected faith-everyone participating had a most en­ did not operate too much on the basis of possible. joyable time, but Frost obviously the most "You know me, Al," he agreed. "The whole He came to discuss the terms of his ap­ enjoyable of all. He wa.s being consulted!" human race is . . ." How else could it be? pointment with the Librarian of Congress, The reception that followed the press con­ Would I approve somebody I knew nothing L. Quincy Mumford, on May 1 and on May 12 ference was lavish by Library of Congress about? This reminded him of the story of a his appointment was announced. Interest standards, since Frost's publishers, Henry man who supported a friend for appointment generated in the press exceeded expectations, Holt and Company Inc., were co-hosts. Many to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and was and arrangements were made for a press con­ distinguished Washingtonians were invited, told "I don't know him. I know you. How ference on May 21, to be followed by a gala and most of them came, but in view of later about you taking the job?" As events were to reception. At the press conference, Frost was developments it is interesting to note that develop for Frost, this comment had more in good form. After a brief reference to his neither of the Sena.tors from Massachusetts point than anyone could then have surmised. pleasure in being appointed to follow Ran­ was on Fr0&t's guest list, although both the If his schedule did not keep him busy dall Jarrell, whom he described felicitously New Hampshire and Vevmont delegations enough in October, it can be said that it kept and tartly a,S "one of the most pronounced were invited and came. several members of the Library staff busy literary figures in America," reporters from The news stories concerning Frost's ap­ more than enough, but to the delight of the national wire services, as well as the pointment elicited general praise and ap­ all. When he returned for his tour of duty Washington, New York, and Philadelphia proval, but lest it be thought that any poet, in December, an equally hectic schedule was (but oddly not Boston) papers, CBS, the no matter how distinguished or venerable, observed, with a public lecture and read­ U.S. Information Agency, and Telenews, can be appointed to this quasi-public office ing, "The Great Misgiving," interviews, con­ among others, plied him with questions. without becoming the subject of attack, a ferences, luncheons, dinners, and by Frost's Would he continue "Jarrell's policies?" He letter signed "Veteran," published in The request, another press conference. would if he "knew what they were." Washington Daily News on June 4, pro- As reported in the newspapers with the What did his position consist of? "Making tested: · headline "Frost Complains of Lack of Work," the politicians and statesmen more aware of "Personally, I never could understand why he began, "I summoned you." He wondered their responsibility to the arts . . . And I the taxpayer had to hire a consultant in if he had not come to Washington on a mis­ poetry, since most taxpayers' interest in apprehension, to be consulted not only about 1 Robert Frost, "Dedication: For John F. versification seldom goes beyond Edgar Guest poetry but about politics, religion, science­ Kellllledy His Inauguration." The lines trom or Ogden Nash. As a veteran of W.W. II, it's anything. "But I've been consulted only three Robert Frost's poems are quoted by permis­ dis·appointing to me that Mr. Frost was ap­ times by the White House, only once by the sion of the publisher, Holt, Rinehart and pointed. How can a man, who brags about Supreme Court, and not at all by Congress. Winston. this campaign to get Ezra Pound out of St. I think something out to be done about it." July so, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21503 What dld the Supreme Court want to him, however, about Kennedy's rather aloof of "You know me; Al," how else could it be .know? Something he had once said to the record during the McCarthy outrage, he th:at a poet should get selected for special late Justice Adams. It was an occasion for congrat­ went on, "I think the legislative department the challenge. ulations all around the table, not the least has been delinquent. The legislative depart­ At the press conference held in the New sincere of which were Frost's own. He was ment should have been tending to what the York offices of his publishers on the morning especially pleasoo when the Librarian sug­ Supreme Court in desperation had to do." of his birthday, March 26, Frost quickly and gested that he continue the next year as He confessed that he would like to be a deliberately got into politics: "Somebody said "honorary" consultant. Four days later I senator. "I wish some good senator would re­ to me that New England's in decay. But I wrote him proposing that he serve the Li­ sign about six months before the end of his said the next President ls going to be from brary in this new capacity with the title term and let me finish it out." But that was Boston." When pressed to na.me the man, "Honorary Consultant in the Humanities." Truman's idea, too. "Then he stole it from he replies, "Can't you figure it out? It's a His reply was, "Won't it be capital for us all me." His first bill to be introduced would Puritan named Kennedy." to get together next year? be "to give this office of mine a real standing Although the poet's other comments made Ill in the government." interesting news, it was this that made He admitted to being an expert on educa­ the headlines across the country, as well as It was agreed that the first week in May tion. "I have long thought our high schoolS in New York. 1960 would be the most suitable for Frost's should be improved . . . A lot of people are Frost's week at the Library began on initial visit as honorary consultant, and being scared by the Russian Sputnik into March 30. It included his usual public lecture preparations were made accordingly for a wanting to harden up our education or speed and reading at the Library as well as one talk and reading on the night of May 2, it up. I am interested in toning it up at the at the Folger Shakespeare Library, a seminar preceded by a luncheon in his honor in the high school level . . . I would rather perish for graduate students from the local univer­ Whittal Pavilion and a press conference as as Athens than prevail as Sparta. The tone sities held in the Wilson Room of the Library usual. His own party for friends would be is Athens. The tone is freedom to the point of Congress, several luncheons, one at the on the next day, and on the night of May 4, of destruction. Democracy means all the risks Federal Trade Commission, and one in the a special talk and reading for Members of taken, conflict of opinion, conflict of per­ Whittall Pavilion of the Library of Congress, Congress, Senators and their families. On sonality, eccentricity." to which came President Eisenhower's May 5, he would testify before the Senate Did he feel the present Administration Special Assistant Frederick Fox, Senator Labor and Public Welfare Committee on sympathetic to the arts? It was "much more Thomas C. Hennings of Missouri and Repre­ Senator Francis Case's bill to establish a so before a recent sad event." Sherman sentative Frank E. Smith of Mississippi, National Academy of Culture. His interest in Adams had departed from the White House. among others. But not Senator Kennedy. another piece of legislation would not re­ About his old friend he said, "He really cares A few days after Frost's departure for quire testimony: on April 28 Senator Sal­ about the arts." Cambridge, however, a letter addressed to the tonstall had introduced for himself, Senator His December week in Washington was Consultant in Poetry arrived at his office. Aiken, and Senator Prouty S. 3439, a bill made notable by the negotiation for presen­ In it Senator Kennedy expressed gratification authori21ing President Eisenhower to award tation to the Library of Congress, at Frost's "to be remembered by you on the occasion Frost a gold medal in recognition of his request, by his friend and long-time corre­ of your 85th birthday," but regretted that poetry. spondent Louis Untermeyer, of several hun­ "the intrusion of my name, probably in ways For his talk and reading on the night of dred letters (since edited by Untermeyer and which you did not entirely intend, took away May 2 he wanted the printed program to published by Holt) , which are in effect a some of the attention from the man who carry a special device-"The Pasture Spring" large slice of Frost's autobiography. The really deserved it-Robert Frost." The poli­ in facsimile. For this he copied the poem in promised gift was appropriately but quietly tics of art was becoming scrambled with very clear hand and scribbled a note to celebrated at a luncheon in honor of the two the art of politics, apparently unknown to accompany it. The title as well as the poem poets, but the actual deposit of the letters the Senator I itself he wrote down from memory which was not to take place for some months and Frost's final week as Consultant in Poetry perhaps accounts for the fact that the little would not be announced until two years at the Library of Congress beg,an on May 18, poem which appears in his Complete Poems later, on December 11, 1960. with a talk and reading that night to which as simply "The Pasture," is here entitled Frost's complaint that Congress had not only members of the Library staff and their "The Pasture Spring." Here is his note: taken sufficient note of his presence had families wer~ invited. The limited seating "DEAR RoY: The idea was to make the borne fruit when he returned to the Library capacity (c. 500) of the Library's Coolidge program something to read besides titles. for his week at the end of March. A Senate Auditorium had been inadequate for every You are so generous about complying with Resolution, sponsored by 62 senators, ex­ public reading Frost had given, and it was suggestions. But disregard the above if it tended birthday greetings on his 85th anni­ felt that at this concluding performance comes too late. Just have it in print like versary. The language of the Resolution re­ the staff, many of whom had not been able the other quotations. I'm looking forward to minded him that the Senate had in a similar to hear him at all, should be given priority. renewals. And I'm not afraid of the reporters Resolution extended greetings on the occa­ The auditorium was filled to overflowing unless they stay away and accuse me of sion of his 75th birthday, and apologized again, and Frost received an ovation to things I don't thi~. I am ready for them that "although compelled by the necessities which by this time he was, of course, far on segregation, Roma.nism and Russia. of our time to concentrate its attention on from unaccustomed. The usual heavy sched­ "I'm here where we last saw each other things material, nevertheless (the Senate) is ule of interviews, conferences, luncheons, and in Amherst. fully cognizant of the value and importance dinners obtained, and a reception was held "ROBERT." to our citizens as long as our Nation shall in the Library's Whittall Pavilion on May 20, All in all, things appeared to be pl<:king endure of things of the spirit contained in recorded in my diary with considerable up just where they had left off a year before, our national literature, art, and culture." understatement, as "a pleasant social affair f,or a week of Frost as usual. As things His birthday was celebrated with fanfare, which very fittingly wound up his stay at the turned out, however, there was one near not in Washington, but in New York, where Library in so far as the public relations fiasco and one unprecedented but quirky his publishers arranged a dinner to which aspect ls concerned." stroke of good luck, along with the usual were invited the literary lights of the nation For Frost, this reception achieved the round of excitement which accompanied his and not a few political figures, many of whom recognition of his consultantship by the visits. The near fiasco was brought about by were unable, because of public business, to largest turnout of dignitaries and wives yet protracted debate in the House of Repre­ attend. Among those who sent their regrets seen-Ambassadors, White House officials, sentatives, with numerous quorum calls, on along with birthday greetings were Senator Supreme Court Justices, Representatives and the Area. Redevelopment Act. That this John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. Senators-among the latter John F. Kennedy, should have occurred on the night of May 4,. Frost had formed a high opinion of Ken­ who almost "slipped" in, and out, after the set aside for Frost's specially prepared talk nedy and believed he was a man to watch. briefest of handshakes, so that few in the a,nd reading for Members of Congress and In our occasional discussions of men in crowded Pavilion besides Frost would re­ Senators, was most l,amentable. politics during the next few months, Frost member later on, just when it was that the Although responses to invitations had was on the whole most perceptive. He had two men first met. brought sufficient requests for tickets to fill his prejudices, but he was singularly free of In view of later developments, an extreme­ the auditorium, when Frost took the stage the all too common intellectual contempt ly important event took place on the night he faced only a scattered few wives and fain­ for politicians-especially politicians who fail of May 19 when Frost accepted the invita­ illes. Some wives were still waiting outside to see things in the intellectual vogue of the tion of Representative and Mrs. Stewart L. for their husbands. As Frost proceeded, ob­ moment. He could even make allowances for Udall to dine at their home. Frost appre­ viously a bit miffed, he warmed to his task some of the practical political facts which in­ ciated this invitation highly, and it marked and gave a very fine performance, and as he hibited the public expressions and acts of the beginning of a. friendship which he talked and read, a few more wives and sub­ certain Southern politicians whom he held renewed whenever he came to Washington. stitute friends and relatives began drifting in considerable respect. When I once teased As he had observed concerning the principle in. By the time he had concluded and every- 21504 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 one had repaired to the Pavilion for the re­ Frost: "Don't you ever comb your hair?" casion, and when reproved, as Frost was ception that was to follow, there were per­ Another Sandburg chuckle, as he reached later, by a person who knew how to and haps a hundred and fifty present, among into his coat pocket, brought out a comb could do it, they can pretend penitence they them half a dozen Senators and Members and lifted the silver lock into place, where do not really feel. "Was I really bad?" he who ducked in to apologize and explain the it stayed only for a moment. He proffered the asked, not the least bit contrite. dire necessities of legislation, and then comb to Frost. "You could use a comb your­ ~ ducked out. self, haw, haw, haw!" This broke the slightly awkward silence Senator Saltonstall's b1ll authorizing The theme of his remarks, chosen for the President Eisenhower to award Frost a gold historic occasion, was "anxiety,'' the anxiety with a good laugh all a.round, for Frost's sil­ medal was passed and became Public Law of nations, with special reference to the U.S. ver head was as tousled as usual. 86-747 on September 13, 1960, obviously too vs. Russia, Israel vs. the Arab nations, etc., Reaching deep in his trousers' pocket, Frost late for its provisions to be carried out be­ parallel with allusions to history, Athens vs. brought up the most snaggle-tooth comb I fore President Eisenhower would leave the Persia, Rome vs. Carthage, England vs. the have ever seen, and ran it through his hair, White House, but the possibility that a Continent: "I suppose this has been going with some difficulty but without much effect, President of Frost's own choosing might do on a long time, and I suppose that is what to everyone's laughter. Then finally they did the honors was becoming more likely day­ lies ahead of us--the championship." But he shake hands. by-day as the Presidential campaign devel­ cut it short, after some wandering, and be­ The luncheon group of about 25 persons, gan to "say" his poems. For those who came, oped. When election day provided the ful­ including members of the staff, the Consult­ fillment of Frost's prediction, rumors began lf not for him, the evening was a success. ant in Poetry Richard Eberhart, as well as to fly that Frost would participate in the The luncheon on May 2 was another mat­ two visiting poets, Oscar Williams and Hy Inauguration of John F. Kennedy in Jan­ ter-something no one who was present will Sobiloff, was fortunately large enough for uary, and on December 18 the fact was an­ be likely to forget. each of the two elder statesmen of leitters to nounced in the Washington Evening Star, Carl Sandburg was in town to receive on have his own semicircle, and when, after a with the comment that "In a sense, Senator the same evening a silver laurel wreath from brief libation and some photographing, we Kennedy will be paying off a campaign debt the U.S. Chamber of Commerce-its "Great sat down to eat, the two were placed on too. All through the primaries he quoted Living Americans Award." Carl's long and either side of the Librarian, Frost to the from one of the venerable New England friendly "officlal" association with the Library right, Sandburg to the left, near enough to poet's most celebrated lyrics, 'Stopping by of Congress dated from 1946, with his ap­ each other by all odds, but with myself and Woods on a Snowy Evening.' Inevitably, in pointment by then Librarian Archibald Mac­ Oscar Williams seated facing them, to keep Wisconsin and West Virginia and points Leish as a Fellow in American Letters. He the quips flying without any absolute neces­ West, he bade farewell to his audience with customarily stopped by whenever in the sity of smashes or kills at the net. For as they these lines : city, to visit and chat with me, or David broke away from their initial greeting, Frost Mearns, Chief of the Library's Manuscript had brushed off his well-worn witticism to "'But I have promises to keep Division, or both. I had enjoyed Carl's friend­ humph, "I'd as soon play tennis with the And miles to go before I sleep. ship and personal encouragement as a stu­ net down as write free verse." And miles to go before I sleep.'" dent of Lincoln, dating from the early 1930's. During the prandials, both pre and post, To this account it should be added that At the very time in 1958 when I ha.d been Carl maintained his good humor and refused Kennedy's choice for Secretary of the In­ negotiating with Frost to become Consultant every opportunity to thrust in reply as Frost terior, Stewart L. Udall, had proposed Frost's in Poetry, I had also signed earl up to de­ became more and more obviously, but still participation in the inaugural ceremor..y in liver an address on Abraham Lincoln in the not impossibly, tetchy in his sallies, not too the first place. Library's Coolidge Auditorium on the night sotto-voce, either. Perhaps the most uncalled on Thursday, January 19, Frost came to or February 12, 1959. I had taken this pre­ for, or as it seemed to me, dragged-in-by­ the Library for the luncheon we had ar­ caution so far in advance, because Carl would the-heels, was Frost's atrocious pun on the ranged to honor his triumphal homecoming. be in great demand in the Lincoln Sesquicen­ title of one of Sandburg's books of poetry, When he came into my office, after the tennial year. As things turned out, this was when he remarked his dislike for "slobs of briefest of greetings and felicitations, he most fortunate, for his commitment to the the sunburst west." announced forthwith that he was going to Library was ultimately expanded by an in­ Oscar Williams, seated opposite Frost, see to it that President Kennedy appointed vitation to address a joint session of the egged him on, though Frost needed no en­ me to a position of importance somewhere. Congress at noon on the same day. Both his couragement, while I, opposite Bandburg, Dumbfounded. I began to explain the facts address before Congress and his talk that kept Carl's attention directed, as much as of my limited bureaucratic existence in plain night at the Library were moving and memo­ possible, toward his a,colytes at our half of terms, and when he chided my political in­ rable performances, but it was the former, of the table, and Carl was a sublime egoist, nocence from his now political eminence, I course, which captured the headlines from wholly indifferent to, if not wholly unaware became aware that he was talking rather too all other Lincoln Day observances, partisan of, the display of sparks that Frost's terrific loud and shut the door, but not before he or otherwise. if pettily competitive instinct was generat­ had' impatiently and hurtedly exclaimed, That the Lincoln Sesquicentennial should ing. The hilarity was immense because every­ "Don't shush me!" have enabled Carl's brief preemption of the one as aware of how close we were skating He meant to do something for me and was poet's spotlight in the nation's capital dur­ to the thin f.ce that might break and dunk obviously chagrined that I didn't want him ing Frost's year as Consultant in Poetry was us from exhilaration into dismay. to. He had achieved a position of influence, perhaps an inevitable accident. Even though When the Librarian finally tapped his glass and he meant to use it, for me. How does one it came during Frost's absence from the with his spoon and made his customary an­ gracefully resist a benefactor who is used to Library, it did not pass unobserved by Frost, nouncement-that while this was a merely having his own way? Especially when the as I learned when he returned for his week social occasion, if either of our distinguished improbable comes wrapped in the slightly in residence at the end of March. guests felt any compulsion to speak, he was ridiculous. His acquiescence left me with It will come as a surprise to no one who sure there were those who would be glad to the feeling that I had let him down, in knew Frost at all that Sandburg was neither listen-Frost said, "Let Carl pay a tribute to being less than a true competitor, after his his favorite poet nor his favorite historian. me. He oughta praise me, my poetry." own heart. Nevertheless, when I learned that Sandburg Everyone roared and Carl shook out his When we joined the other members of the was in town on the day of our luncheon :tor throatiest prolonged guffaw to decline this staff gathered in the Whittall Pav111on to Frost, the opportunity to bring the two to­ gambit. Whereupon the Librarian adjourned honor our something more than poet laureate gether seemed just too good to miss. Al- · the affair, Frost repairing to the Poetry Of­ of the United States, I was glad I could merge though there was no love lost on Sandburg's fice for his press conference, and I taking my feelings in the general sentimentality of side of this rivalry either, he good humoredly Sandburg in tow to return him to his hotel the occasion. gave in to my persuasion that he join us. with my profound gratitude, and relief. Inauguration day dawned bright and ex­ As Carl came into the Pavilion, a wool I have heard others tell of times when Carl ceedingly cold, with the national capital scarf about his neck and a black fedora on displayed a petty or nasty disposition toward muffled in the heaviest snow in several years. his head, he paused at the threshold. I persons he held in small esteem because of As I looked out the window at my sugarloaf greeted him and turned to Robert who, with their pretensions or their pompous flatu­ Chevy, I yawned, "That's that!" I was de­ his back toward us, was chatting with a semi­ lence, but in my many times with him I voted to Robert Frost, but not that devoted! circle that included the Librarian of Con­ never saw this happen. In a necessarily com­ Unfortunately, my wife, a late riser, was not gress, Quincy Mumford. petitive argument he could be as rough as his only devoted to Robert Frost but also as in­ I said, "Robert, here's Carl Sandburg come competition, especially after a copious liba­ fatuated as any wife of any New Frontiers­ to lunch." tion, but I never saw him betray a hint of man with J .F.K. When she woke me from my Frost turned, a glint in his eye, and grinned jealousy or upstaging. Robert, on the other second sleep, I merely turned over. I wouldn't without moving or offering his hand. "Don't hand, was not only a born competitor, he was have gone to see Lincoln inaugurated on such you know enough to take your hat off when sometimes competitive when he need not a day, and anyway we could see it better on you come in the house?" have been, because he really couldn't help it. TV. Carl's throaty chuckle accompanied the This episode reinforced my observation "Get up, it's ten o'clock and there's barely exaggerated flourish with which he doffed that poets on display, like children and time!" I couldn't believe it, but I did. his fedora. The familiar silver Bandburg fore­ people in general, will show their essential Once I had shoveled out, we mushed the lock fell over his eye. natures rather than their manners, on oc- Chevy to the highway and as ne&-1' Capital July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21505 Hill as we could get, then booted and thick during August and September, first broached Charles W. Alston. · An older brother, as two bears in all the outer garments we in May, at a dinner with Soviet Ambassador Charles, is a senior at Stanford Univer­ could stretch over all the inner garments Dobrynin in the home of Secretary of In­ we could stuff under, we heeled and toed terior Udall, (an account of this trip by F. D. sity and she has three younger sisters. the rest of the way with our camera and flask, Reeve appeared in The Atlantic, September, Mr. Speaker, Ellen Alston typifies the to stand among the thousands and await the 1963), nor his principal role in .the National fine young men and women who annual­ opening of the New Frontier. Poetry Festival held at the Library of Con­ ly attend boys and girls Nation activities I shall not attempt to describe what every­ gress in October. If anyone present had sponsored by the American Legion and one, especially those who stayed snug at doubts that Frost was the national poet, his its auxiliary. home before the TV, saw better than I did, talk and reading on the night of October 24, for my eyes were watered and blurred, not in the midst of the Cuban Crisis, dispelled merely from the cold and the glare of sun those doubts in the moment. on snow either. But I can state that the his­ While Frost's proposal for a Cabinet post tory made before the eyes of one observer for the Arts seems never to have been given PLEA FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN carried an emotional wallop that rose from serious consideration, his presence on the RUMANIA a slough of long-winded preliminary piety Washington scene from 1958 through 1962 to a crescendo of something I had ne.ver quite lent considerable impetus to the movement experienced before. When Robert was led to culminat ing in the establishment of the Ken­ HON. M. G. (GENE) SNYDER the microphones, I nearly wept. When he nedy Center and the National Foundation on OF KENTUCKY began stumbling through the opening lines the Arts and the Humanities, helped bring of the new poem which he had written, "For about the continuing series of Cabinet-and­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES John F. Kennedy His Inauguration," but White-House-sponsored literary and per­ Wednesday, July 30, 1969 which he couldn't "say" as he custom.arily forming arts presentations in the State De­ did, but had to read because it was so new partment Auditorium, and the White House Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, under nor­ that it was unfamiliar even to its author, my receptions, dinners, presentations of awards, mal circumstances I would employ the throat simply closed. When he admitted his and festiva.ls honoring prominent figures in normal channels of communication in defeat in the glare from God on high and the arts and humanities which became­ order to solicit the support of my col­ launched his counterattack to "say" the until the debacle of the Arts Festival in leagues in a matter of importance. How­ poem his President had requested, "The Gift June 1965-something of an established ever, inasmuch as President Nixon will Outright," only a school girl's phrase can pattern in the national capital. Even that shortly be in Rumania, I am using the name it. I was thrilled nearly to death. Even somewhat desiccated federal branch, the the President's exceptionally fine Inaugural Smithsonian Institution, began to send forth RECORD in order to reach my colleagues Address was merely denouncement, preoccu­ cultural blo.ssoms--concerts, lectures, and and all concerned parties about a mat­ pied as I was with my own thoughts. Robert whatnot--in a variety unprecedented, and ter which I consider to be of the utmost had made it, as he so wanted to. the Library of Congress no longer held its imporbnce and which must be acted Among my thoughts was the whimsical unwanted distinction of being a very modest upon immediately if we are to be effec­ reflection, which I voiced as we trudged away literary and musical oasis in the federal tive. I am of the hope that my colleagues to watch the parade: "I guess it was a good cultural desert. and friends will join me in sympathetic thing Adlai was defeated in 1952, or Carl Not many lobbyists have ever achieved support of this cause by communicating might have been the Prairie Vergil of the more for whatever cause, and none, so far "next Augustan age." My wife could never as I know, has ever achieved a comparable their desires to the President on behalf have agreed to my premise, but she got national public image in the process. It is of the imprisoned hundreds in Commu­ the point of my conclusion. The only no denigration of the cause of the art.s and nist Rumania who have been and con­ precedent in American history, so far as I humanities at large, in my book at least, to tinue to be persecuted for practicing know, for a poet's elevation to the inaugural recognize that Frost's ego was his primary their beliefs and faith. Time is short and platform was Adlai Stevenson's selection of motivation. we cannot afford to delay. My letter to Carl to perform the ancient duty of the He would have liked to live forever, I feel the President follows: sure. If pneumonia, "the old man's friend," ruler's chosen bard, at his inauguration as. JULY 30, 1969. Governor of Illinois in 1948. That happened as he had affectionately dubbed his ailment, THE PRESIDENT, to be, likewise for personal reasons, the only quoting somebody or other, when I had seen The White House, other inauguration I ever attended. him convalescing in Florida almost a year Washington, D.C. before, had not finally persuaded him to give v DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I would like to con­ up on January 29, 1963, I truly believe he gratulate you on behalf of myself and my Although he returned to the Library in would have done as he threatened: May for his tour of duty as Honorary Con­ constituents for the exemplary manner in sultant, Robert no longer belonged primarily And I may return which you are representing the United to us. The date for his now established an­ If dissatisfied States on your tour around the world. nual reading was shifted to permit his prior With what I learn As you journey to Communist Rumania, I appearance on the night of May 1 in the State From having died. feel it is my duty to apprise you of a situa­ Department Auditorium, under the sponsor­ tion of which you are probably already ship of the President's Cabinet, the first of a aware, but I, nevertheless, am compelled to series of such presentations by the Cabinet of reiterate. eminent literary figures. He continued to be OMAHA GIRL ATTENDS GIRLS The Reverend Richard Wurmbrand is a generous in sharing his time, however, and NATION Christian pastor and a native of Rumania. for the next two years made the Library He was imprisoned after the Communist headquarters for his increasingly numerous takeover of Rumania for practicing his re­ visits to Washington. His honors continued to ligious convictions and was released in 1964 HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM as part of a general amnesty, after having accumulate, including the introduction of a OF NEBRASKA House Resolution that he "should hereafter spent 14 years in prison. He bears 18 ugly be known as the National Poet of the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scars on his back as proof of persecution States." Plans were made for the greatest Wednesday, July 30, 1969 not only of himself and his church, but of birthday dinner yet, on the night of March all religions-Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, 26, 1962, but almost prevented by his serious Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I and Orthodox-in J;?.umania. bout with pneumonia early in February. had the privilege today to visit with In sworn testimony before a Congressional When Mrs. Basler and I visited him briefly Ellen Alston of Omaha, one of two Ne­ committee on August 10, 1967, Reverend later that month at his cottage in Florida braska representatives to the 1969 Girls Wurmbrand documented numerous instances he was shakily recuperating, but indomitable. Nation in Washington. of brutal Communist persecution of re­ "I was not ready to die yet." Alluding to this ligious freedom in Rumania. Augmenting illness a month later, when President Ken­ Ellen will be a senior this fall at his personal experiences with quotes from the nedy finally presented the gold medal so long Omaha Central High School and presi­ official Communist press, Reverend Wurm­ in the making, he paraphrased the conclud­ dent of its student council. She was brand cited the following examples of re­ ing lines of his poem "Away!"-"! went right elected lieutenant governor of Nebraska ligious persecution: up to the grave and was so dissatisfied with Girls State held earlier this year at 1. Persons are imprisoned for showing what I saw that I came back." He just could Lincoln and plans to major in languages films of a religious nature to children, dis­ not afford to die and miss getting that gold in college. tributing religious magazines, baptizing medal, or his resplendent 88th birthday din­ children and teaching religion to children. ner, at which the great and near great of his Miss Alston was appointed secretary Parents found "guilty" of such offenses are own country, ambassadors from abroad, and of housing and urban development at denied parental rights, and their children assorted friends whom he never forgot, would Girls Nation and was on the platform are placed in state schools. assemble in the Pan American Union to at its inauguration ceremonies today. 2. The Communists make no distinction praise and honor him. Nor could he forgo his This young woman is the daughter of between different faiths. Reverend Wurm­ trip to Russia and meeting with Khrushchev Mrs. Henrietta Alston and the late brand had been imprisoned with clergymen 21506 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 of the Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish EX-POSTMASTER GENERAL DAY of a complicated proposal such as the postal fa.ithS. "With us," he testifled, "nearly all the DISCUSSES POSTAL REFORM reorganization and postal corporation plans. catholic bishops have been killed under tor­ OPPOSED CORPORATION EARLY tures. Two or three, perhaps, have escaped.'• In April 1967, when Larry O'Brien first "In Rumania," he goes on to say, "I have announced his proposal for a postal corpora­ been in prison with Jewish rabbis." HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI OF NEW YORK tion, I wrote a nationally syndicated article 3. Charitable work in Rumanla ls strictly at the request of the North American News­ forbidden and the sale of Bibles is consid­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES paper A111ance explaining the reasons why I ered illicit commerce. Bibles are confiscated Wednesday, July 30, 1969 opposed the idea. That was a year before I and condemned as "poison." or our firm had any connection with ATCMU. Reverend Wurmbrand names names of Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, the House That article started out as follows: religious leaders in Rumanla who have been Committee on Post Office and Civil Serv­ "With all due respect to my good friend arrested and cites the existence of suppressed ice has been holding full committee Larry O'Brien, I feel that his much publi­ "underground" churches-Orthodox, Baptist, cized speech about turning the Post Office and Presbyterian. Unitarian pastors are also hearings for more than 3 months on the various propasals for reform of the over to a a nonprofit government corpora­ in prison for their religious beliefs. Reverend tion reviv.es an old and unrealistic sugges­ Wurmbrand recounts a case in Rumania postal system. tion at a very bad time. where seven boys and three girls were ar­ The public hearings are scheduled to "The impending lengthy discussion and rested and sentenced to 5-6 year prison terms be concluded this week. Since April 22 study of this plan will, in my opinion, only for having publicly sung Christian hymns­ we have had a large number of wit­ postpone facing up to some urgent but this he documents further with an article nesses, all of whom have contributed in achievable needs of the Post Office. In addi­ from the Communist press. their individual ways to our considera­ tion the speech has provided ammunition Mr. President, you are the head of the tion of this all-encompassing matter. from a surprising source for those who de­ greatest and freest nation in the world. One lude themselves by believing that business of our most jealously guarded freedoms ls There is no disagreement about the has a monopoly on brains and efficiency and that of freedom of religion. You have the re­ need for reform of the postal system. that government employees and managers sponslblllty-nay, the duty-to use your vast The main question is whether it should are lazy incompetents. influence and prestige to effect the release be done within the present Department, "The fouled-up Post Office Mr. O'Brien de­ of the hundreds of people who are being tor­ as I have proposed in H.R. 4, or whether scribes in his speech is a Department I never tured and imprisoned in Rumania and whose it should be done by converting the De­ knew." only crime ls the wish to worship their God. North American Newspaper Alliance re­ Mr. President, this is not a political re­ partment into a public corporation, as provided in several bills. Whichever way published the article in an up-dated form a quest, but a moral one. On behalf of Amer­ year ago when the Kappel Commission Re­ ica and free men everywhere, I urgently re­ we go, there will, of course, be many de­ port was first issued. quest that you do everything in your power tails to be worked out in executive ses­ to convince the Communist leaders in sion. OPPOSITION GETS LITTLE NOTICE Rumania to have mercy on those of all faiths To me, it ls quite remarkable that, in spite imprisoned and persecuted in that country. Today's hearing was another excellent of the many objections which can be made In the name of humanity, I remain session in which the first witness was a to the corporation proposal, there has been Sincerely yours, former Postmaster General, J. Edward very little published notice of these objec­ M. GENE SNYDER, Day. As a former executive in a major tions. Member oj_ Congress. business and as a farmer Postmaster On the contrary, there has been a barrage General, he gave the committee the ben­ of one-sided propaganda and Chamber of efit of his observations from his broad Commerce slogans put forward in support of background. the Kappel proposal, much of it-I am afraid -by people who have limited qualifications THE APOLLO 11 Mr. Speaker, I also would like to com­ as experts on the Post Office or even as ex­ mend Mr. Day for his attendance at our perts on operation of large organizations gen­ hearings. Few, if any, have been more erally. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI faithful in their attention to the diverse To qualify myself a bit, I might mention OF ILLINOIS views which have been presented. that prior to my 929 days as Postmaster General, I was for eight years one of the top IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As a part of my remarks, Mr. Speaker, I am including the text of Mr. Day's senior officers of the Prudential Insurance Wednesday, July 30, 1969 Company of America, which, in terms of as­ statement to our committee today: sets, is the largest private corporation in the Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in the STATEMENT OF J. EDWARD DAY world. national spirit of pride and respect which I appreciate the invitation from the Com­ In a remarkable number of respects, Pru­ our Nation has demonstrated for the mittee to appear today to give my views on dential is similar to the Post Office. Both achievements of the Apallo 11 flights I the proposals for post office reorganization have offices and :;Jersonnel in every part of am pleased to insert into the REcoRn' a and for a postal corporation. the country; both have a need for giving First, I want to bring the Committee up­ good service and establishing favorable rela­ poem composed for this occasion by one tions with the public; both have regional of my constituents, Mr. Roy J. Ebben of to-date on some of my background, so far as it bears on this subject, and on some of offices with continuing problems of the degree Alsip, Ill.: my current activities. of autonomy to give the regions and to local THE APOLLO 11 When I resigned as Postmaster General in offices; both have major real estat~ responsi­ (By Roy J. Ebben) August 1963 I became a partner in the law bilities in building or leasing buildings large firm of Sidley & Austin. This is a large Chi­ and small; both handle large amounts of Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins, money; both have employees who are or­ Wondrous men a.re they: cago corporation law firm with which I began practice 30 years ago, and I am in charge of ganized in highly aggressive unions; both are Flashing smiles, rugged faces, basically paperwork operations; both have Uncle Sam's top Astro Aces. their Washington office. On July 1, 1968, our firm began represent­ an inspection service; both have complex Strong of body, br1111ant minds, ing as one of its clients the Associated Third problems of levels of management, chains of The kind of men our space school finds Class Mail Users and I am the General Coun­ command, and internal communications· With plenty of courage, nerves of steel sel of that organization. However, many of both are highly regulated as to their policie~ They challenged the moon to a showdown the points I will touch on today are of no and operations by detailed legislation; both deal direct concern to ATCMU as such. are faced with problems of turnover and the necessity of competing in the labor market Cape Kennedy was the launching site Since my opinions on each of the endless for rank and file personnel (in contrast with For Apollo Eleven's great space flight separate points involved in these far reach­ earlier years when there was a situation of "We've got a job to do", they said, ing proposals of course could not be passed highly stable and dedicated employment of And up the towers lift they sped upon. by the ATCMU Board of Directors, the people for whom employment security was views I will give today should be treated as the major incentive). All buttoned up, all systems go my personal opinions. The countdown started with cadence slow, Many of the members of the Associated BOTH HAVE HAD HEADACHES A mighty blast and the Saturn rose Third Class Mail Users might be expected to In addition, both organizations have for Into orbit Columbia goes! agree, in general, with my views on the postal years experienced the headaches associated Proudly perched the Eagle module reorganization proposals. with attempting to automate and mechanize High on the moon, right on schedule However, it is difficult for an organization operations. Both have even had several The Astronauts put on a show, with a diverse membership of people who changes in the top chief executive just in Those men of Destiny, cannot follow all the details of postal legis­ the past 8Y2 years. As they walked upon the Tranquil Sea lation to be expected to have an agreed posi­ I may seem to be overdoing the close com­ To change the course of history tion on each of the many separate features parison between these two giant organiza- July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21507 tions, one public and one private, but it is As one example, 42 % of Post Office cost is program of top quality. Consideration of the a fact that when I came from Prudential to for delivery service and it is certainly never relationship of financial outgo to amounts the Post Office in 1961 I often felt that I going to be possible to have mail delivered collected from the students is purely second­ had merely moved to a different desk in the door-to-door by a clanking robot. ary. same organization. Similarly, there are over 30,000 post offices The same should be true of the Post Of· As a matter of fact and only partly in jest, and only 200 or 300 of them at the very flee-and will be if historical policy is fol­ I have frequently pointed out that a very most are large enough too justify a high de­ lowed in setting Post Office goals and priori­ large private bureaucracy even has another gree of mechanization. ties. The Post Office receives part-at the feature which is often thought of as associ­ BUDGET BUREAU IS PROBLEM moment a very large part-of the amount it ated only with government. This is illus­ needs to pay its costs from charges by users. trated by an apocryphal story about a top Although no person having any post office background was included on the Commis­ But since it serves all the people-and since officer of a large life insurance company who those users are taxpayers-there is no ob­ was asked to run for United States Senator. sion, one of the 10 commissioners was a former Director of the Bureau of the Budget. jective reason why it should retrieve all of After thinking it over, he declined, saying, its costs from postal charges. "I don't want to leave the Metropolitan Life. I have no hesitancy in saying that I think I like politics too much." It is definitely a the Bureau of the Budget is the No. 1 enemy POSTAGE JUST ANOTHER TAX fact that there ls a certain amount of poli­ of the Post Office and accountable more Charges for postage are really just another tics in all large organizations, public or than any other one reason for Post Office tax. Taxpayers are already paying for gov­ dlfficul ties. ernment services. The Post Office provides private. Federal money generally is handed out to HAVE BEEN ON BOTH SIDES one of the most vital and widely needed and the glamorous or politically potent agen­ used of government services. It is entirely ap­ I mention all this background because of cies, such as Defense, Space and Welfare. propriate, therefore, the federal tax revenues the fact that I did have an unusual experi­ Nearly a.J.l of the old-line, non-glamorous should provide a significant part of the postal ence in acquiring a top level inside famili­ agencies such as the Post Office, Customs budget. arity with one of the largest private organi­ Bureau and the regulatory agencsles, are Chamber of Commerce groups, conserva­ zations in the world and one of the largest strangled to death for funds to try to do a tive newspaper editorial writers and others, public organizations. This is important be­ decent job. have talked for years about the need for a cause too many of the editorials and col­ The Post Office problem is lack of money break-even operation in the Post Office. umns commenting on the postal corporation and that problem can't be solved by re­ idea have indicated that- Their speeches and articles assume that the shuffling the organization chart or giving desirability--even the necessity-for a break­ (a) Anyone who understands business new titles to the people in charge. management will necessarily be an all-out even operation needs no proof, in fact does advocate of the postal corporation idea, and KAPPEL GROUP PREMISES not even leave room for argument. (b) That business management is a My objections to the Kappel approach They talk as though the proposition were fortiori better than government man­ largely relate to the premises and assump­ carved in stone on Sinai. A remarkable job agement. tions on which the proposal is based. I dis­ has been done of turning slogans for a par­ There are thousands of pages in the Kappel agree With nearly all of them. Some of these ticular point of view into &omething ap­ Commission Report and its supporting vol­ premises and assumptions, which are either proaching gospel. umes and thousands more pages have been explicit in the Report or implicit in its tone All of this talk, usually unanswered talk­ written about the Report and about related and recommendations, are as follows: has tended to balloon the break-even phi­ or alternative proposals. Therefore, in a ( 1) The Post Office generally is a mess. losophy into a break-even obsession. statement of this kind, one can only touch (2) The difficulties in the Chicago Post From time to time certain postal officials, on some of the highlights. Office in October 1966 were a symprtom of an nearly all Budget Bureau officials and many I agree with most of what appears in the approaching catastrophe in the Post Office so-called analysts of the Post Office, fall vic­ statement made before this Committee by generally. tim to this break-even obsession and come Mr. Fred Belen on this subject on May 20. (3) Participation by Congress in postal to regard it as the be all and end all of postal goals and thinking. I am convinced that even if the post office­ policy, postal rates and postal pay represents corporation or not-could pay six figure sal­ intolerable interference and has fouled up POST OFFICE LIKE TRANSIT SYSTEM the Department's operations. aries, they could not get a better executive From a financial standpoint the Post Of­ than Fred. (4) Huge savings on the order of $1 bil­ lion a yea.r can be achieved by adopting the fice is much like a metropolitan public tran­ It is regrettable that he was not even Kappel recommendations. sit system. Since nearly everybody uses it, consulted before the postal corporation pro­ it makes little difference whether it is paid posal was launched by Mr. O'Brien in April, ( 5) There is some magic of efficiency, economy and error-free management in a for by user charges or, to a substantial de­ 1967. It is equally regrettable that someone gree. by general tax revenue. with his long and deep knowledge of postal corporate form of organization. (I might mention here that it was not a federal de­ The fact that the Post Office has a so-called problems was not a member of the Kappel deficit is no more relevant to judging its Commission. partment that brought out the Edsel auto­ mobile, or the Convair 880 airplane, or that effectiveness and goals than the "deficit" The members of the Commission were, of hired the private detectives to tail Ralph of the Department of Commerce, the Veter­ course, all important men. However, I think Nader.) ans Administration, or the Department of it a remarkable fact that not one of them (6) An organization is political only when the Interior. had any background in postal matters. Congress has a major say in its affairs and is Yet the reason the Post Office has this so­ I doubt if the President of Campbell Soup pure and pristinely non-political when presi­ called deficit is purely and simply because Company-who was a member of the Com­ dential appointees run things. its costs continue to go up With all other costs mission-would have been impressed by the . ( 7) The first and foremost goo.I of the and Congress has used common sensP. and results of a critical survey of his company Poot Office should be a br~ak-even operation. regard for the public interest in avoiding by a group that did not include even one (8) There is a bette·r chance of continuing overly frequent and overly precipitous rate person with the slightest experience in the the Post Office's long history of strike free increases. food business. labor management relations by halting the Nonetheless,- the existence of the so-called The same can be said about the President program of having postal pay set by Congress deficit is used in the Kappel Report and by of General Electric, of the Bank of America, and to, ins·tead, have it determined by col­ others as supposed proof that the Post Office and of Cummins Engine Company-all mem­ lective bargaining. In my opinion, this col­ is archaic, inefficient, poorly managed and bers of the Commission. lective bargaining would, at best, end up all the rest. COMPARE WITH A.T. & T. almost every time with arbitration and a This ls perhaps understandable in view of the fact that we live in an age where scoffing, The same is even true of AT & T-a com­ decision by one or two men on the pay level of over 700,000 employees. criticism, carping and cynicism ·are the order pany for which I have the most intense per­ of the day. sonal and professional respect. Some might (9) Postal employees can and should be think that there are many parallels to the separated from and treated differently from HARD TO SEE GOOD SIDE Post Office in a telephone system because other federal employees on job status, fringe It is not fashionable to see the good side both involve communications. However, elec­ benefits and other features of employment. of much of anything or to be understanding tronic communications are, by their nature, BREAK-EVEN OBSESSION about work situations where occasional hu­ readily susceptible to a most far-reaching de­ To go back to number 7 on this last of man errors make it difficult to achieve 100 % gree of standardization and automation. premises, I feel that the greatest flaw in perfection. Electronic switching makes it possible to the Kappel aproach is the adoption of what In our frenzied, impersonal society it is have the customer get his individual call I call the break-even obsession about the popular to find fault, and the Post Office and through to its destination without any direct Post Office. its employees are natural targets. participation by a telephone company em­ If a state university were run on the phi­ Add to this the human quality of nearly ployee. losophy that its educational program was all of us to think of his own problem as the On the other hand, regardless of all the limited to what it could pay for out of tui­ really big problem, so that every mistake or superficial ideas that some may have, any tion it collected, it wouldn't be expected to delay as to his own mail by the Post Office, postal system will necessarily remain to a be much of a university. The goal of a great no matter how isolated or infrequent, is large degree of manual operation. public university is to provide an educational m agnified into a sweeping generalization 21508 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 that the Post Office is poorly organized and even modify the increases during those two its more lucrative third class mail business" poorly run. or more years. to private carriers. It is hard for any individual to think of This is possible under the temporary rate He then stated: "Loss of third class mail the occasional delay in one of his own let­ authority in Secs. 1253(d) and 1257(e) of [volume] ultimately works to increase the ters in the context of delivering 80 billion H.R. 11750 and is something new the Kappel postage required of first class mail." pieces of mail a year-which number is con­ Report did not recommend. This is just what I contemplate would siderably more than the number of seconds I think the Post Office Department is re­ happen as a result of the drastic rate in­ which have ticked by since the death of Ju­ alistic in recognizing that if break-even is to creases for all classes which I foresee re­ lius Caesar. be achieved the Corporation must have this sulting from the career Rate Commissioner My principal argument, therefore, with the unprecedented, unrestricted "temporary set up and bond financing proposal. Kappel proposal is its top priority emphasis rate" power. CUTTING PUBLIC SERVICE SHARE on the break-even goal, rather than on service This one feature of H.R. 11760 alone dram­ as the top consideration. atizes how the whole concept of postal 5. The public service allowance would, policy would be dislocated by this proposal. under the Administration Bill, be sharply re­ POSTAL RATES WOULD DOUBLE duced. This means rates would have to go If the corporation were established, as pro­ MEMORANDA ON BONDS, RATES higher. posed, with the rigid break-even requirement, I am offering for the record legal memo­ 6. The special carrying charge and im­ with participation by Congress in the rate­ randa our law firm has prepared, one con­ puted charge features for parcel post rate maklng process diluted almost to the van­ taining an analysis of Chapter 10 of H.R. making included in Section 1203 of H.R. 11750 ishing point, and with the proposed bond 11760 on the bond issuing authority and the is bound to mean even further acceleration issue authority, the result would be that rates other on Chapter 12 on Rates and Rate­ of rate increa.ses for that class, further cream for all classes of mall would have to go up maklng. skimming by competitors and more huge as much as 100% (My work on this statement and our firm's losses of the profitable portion of parcel We have seen what has happened to the work on these memoranda is covered by our post volume. parcel post system as the result of giving retainer from ATCMU which, of course, has Parcel post makes a big contribution to rate-making power to the Executive Branch, an interest in seeing that these reorganiza­ post office institutional cost. When parcel rather than to Congress. tion proposals are carefully analyzed.) post volume plummets, this institutional The rates have been raised so frequently In these memoranda we summarize some cost has to be picked up by the other classes. and so precipitately that the whole system of the highly objectionable and questionable 7. The Kappel Commission (Report, p. 82) is on the verge of being wrecked and par­ features of the proposed bond issuing au­ recommended that "the Corporation fix its cel service at moderate costs is no longer thority and the proposed career Rate Com­ rates to earn its projected costs, including available to the general public from the missioner set up. interest and appreciation, plus about 3 to Post Office. 6 percent to cover unanticipated costs." PREDICTS 12-CENT RATE This is a recommendation that would in I feel that the Kappel predictions of sav­ My prediction is that adoption in toto of all likelihood be followed by a postal corpora­ ings which can be achieved by adopting its H.R. 11750 would bring us a 12 cent first class tion determined to meet a break-even goal, recommendations are so unrealistic as to be rate in just a few years and enormous rate and, particularly, to try to provide adequate strictly of an ivory tower nature. increases for each of other classes too. support for servicing its bonds. The biggest single saving is to come from Here are j•.1st some of my reasons for this Sec. 1201 of H.R. 11750 says that "costs", mechanization for superseding certain ac­ prediction: which, with limited exceptions, are to be tivities of city letter carriers. The Report 1. Despite all the glowing statements about covered by postal revenue, shall include "a says that 15% of the cost of delivery opera­ the saleability of the proposed non-govern­ reasonable provision for contingencies." Five tions can be saved by this means. This figures ment-guaranteed bonds, I am convinced percent of postal costs would come to sev­ out to about $450 million in view of the fact they would be saleable only at sky high eral hundred million dollars. that the delivery operation accounts for 42 ,~ interest rates-10 or 12 percent--and even 8. Section 1201 of H.R. 11750 also says that of Post Office costs. then only with extremely generous sinking "costs" to be covered shall include "deprecia­ ANOTHER OLD IDEA fund and mortgage lien provisions. tion on capital facilities and equipment." This idea of trying to mechanize the Even now the commercial mortgage rate The Kappel Report Annex material indicates change of address and casing work which the for fully secured loans to profitable corpora­ depreciation should be $35 million per $1 latter carrier performs when he first comes tion ls 9.6 per cent. Sound business con­ billion of capital investment. (Annex I, Sec. on duty is an old idea. It has been thoroughly cerns are paying an effective rate of 10.4 per II, p. 30.) cent for bank loans. tested in the past and found to be completely WILL THEY SAVE DOLLARS1 unworkable. I would expect the servicing-combined interest and principal amortization-<>f the 9. It is unrealistic to assume that all or If it would work, it could be instituted im­ even the major part of projected capital im­ mediately and certainly would not have to projected $10 billion of postal bonds to cost the Corporation as much as $2 billion a year. provements to be acquired with the bond wait for reorganization of the Department. proceeds are going to save dollars, particu­ This, 9,nd other suggestions relating to in­ This would be an entirely new direct cost to the postal service to be paid for from larly on a near term basis. creased mechanization, cannot fairly be de­ postal rate increases. If a postal building 1s antiquated and scribed as savings related to having a cor­ poorly ventilated and crowded it should be poration take over. (It must be borne in mind that a general rate increase affecting first, second and replaced regardless of whether a dollar sav­ Unrealistic statements by study commit­ third class, such as is now being proposed by ing can be claimed. tee.:; that the Post Office oould save hundreds the Post Office Department, brings in about If the capital improvement program is well of millions of dollars a year are nothing new. $660 million a year, assuming no loss in balanced and service oriented, it should in­ Back in 1954 a 10-member Advisory Coun­ volume.) clude many facilities directed toward faster cil appointed by the Senate Post Office Com­ REGARDING PROMOTIONS delivery which facilities could not be ex­ mittee claimed that "economies totaling pected to result in significant saving in op-. hundreds of millions of dollars are possible" 2. The backers of the corporation proposal erating costs. in the Post Office. say much about the lack of opportunities for Hamburg, Germany, has a three foot diam­ Mr. Summerfield had a detailed analysis of promotion for rank and file postal employees. eter ·arge capacity pneumatic tube system this Council's recommendations made by the I would assume that these backers there­ for carrying mail under its streets. London Department and by outside experts including fore contemplate tens of thousands of new has a special subway system just for carry­ Mr. Maurice Stans, and issued a 350 page re­ higher level jobs. This could cost a hundred ing mail. port which, among other things, demon­ million dollars or more annually. New York City, Chicago, Boston and even­ strated in detail that any claim of great 3. The Department has committed itself tually Washington should have hundreds of potential short term savings was totally un­ to an improved cost ascertainment system. millions in federal money spent on adapta­ realistic. This is bound to show that too much postal tion of the subway systems for carrying mail. cost is now being assigned to some of the A mail truck can't move any faster in Man­ SAVING ONLY BY RATE BOOSTS non-priority classes of mail. This would hattan crosstown traffic snarls than your Since I am convinced that no one billion mean a further increase for first class. taXi can. dollars of real, near term savings, or any­ I am not so naive as to think that a corpo­ 10. One of the earliest and most prestigious thing close to it is possible, it seems clear to ration or Congress or anyone else is going to backers of the postal corporation plan, Mr. me that the break-even policy prescribed by institute these staggering increases for first Gronouski, told you last week: "I support the Administration Bill could be carried out class mail without increases at the same the postal corporation idea, also, because only by :financial shock treatment in the time for other classes, regardless of what • • • I would look for a substantial improve­ form of drastic rate increases and contin­ proper cost ascertainment shows. ment in postal worker wages and fringe bene­ uing cutbacks in service. When I predict 12 cents for first class, I fits" under that system. As a lawyer I believe that radical general am assuming huge increases for other classes I doubt if that prediction was foremost in rate increases could, under this Bill, be made too. the minds of those who gave overwhelming entirely by administrative action by the Cor­ 4. Mr. Blount has pointed out quite real­ support to the corporation proposal in the poration and could then remain in effect for istically in testimony just a few weeks ago U.S. Chamber of Commerce membership poll. two years or more, without any power in to the Subcommittee on Postal Rates, that But because of Mr. Gronouski's experience either the Congress or the courts to veto or the Post Office "faces the loss of some of and goOd judgment, we must accept this pre- July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21509 diction as at least a possiblity and it cer­ A man who takes his family to Yellowstone It is easy to assign a user charge for sewer tainly would not result in dollar savings for National Park is certainly not being "sub­ service or trash collection service. But most the corporation. sidized" merely because the entrance fee cities don't. A few do. FIRST CLASS IS MONEY SOURCE he pays is small in relation to what it costs TOLL ROADS ARE EXCEPTION the government to make the facilities avail­ These are just some highlights of why first It is easy to charge for use of highways. class rates would, in my judgment, skyrocket able. We have some roads for which ·a toll is under the corporation proposal. First class is REGARDING SUBSIDIES charged, even though the motorists using where the money is-particularly in view of The simplistic. talk about subsidies to them have already paid gasoline taxes for the very real competitive situation which users of the mail is based entirely upon the road building. But toll roads are the excep­ must be faced .in pricing other classes of unproven and unproveable assumption that tion. mail. the taxpayer is entitled to nothing whatever There is a simple explanation for all these In my opinion the break-even policy and for his tax money where the Post Office is examples. All levels of government are hard the break-even obsession would also result concerned, but is entitled to all kinds Qf free up for money. They have tapped nearly in service curtailment by the Corporation. services-very often much less essential­ every source of tax revenue. They like to Just in the past six months we have seen from other federal agencies. call taxes by euphemistic labels. repeated announcements of reduced service The Post Office furnishes a service which But nonetheless user charges, such as tolls by a highly capable but definitely break-even practically everyone wants and uses and is for using highways, or monthly fees for sewer oriented postal administration. glad to have. Because of this, taxpayers service or trash collection service, or tuition For example, in these six months there has today should, more clearly than ever before, for attending state colleges, are merely dif­ been announcement (a) of abandonment of be entitled to have their taxes pay for some ferent forms of taxes. the ABCD program for same day delivery in of the service they get from the Post Office. 'It is really immaterial-from the stand­ business areas, (b) of reduction of weekday With taxes at sky high levels many taxpay­ point of showing whether or not the ac­ business area deliveries from three to two, ers are getting less and less what they really tivity is "efficient"-that a user charge pays (c) of reduction of Saturday business area want for their tax dollars. They are getting all, or only a part, or none at all of the cost deliveries from two to one, (d) of curtail­ Viet Nam. They may, according to a high to provide the service to taxpayers. ments of special delivery service and (e) of administration source, be paying for a trip Some of the statements which are made proposals to require detached address cards to Mars. about how much prouder the postal em­ for merchandise samples. Many of the things the rank and file tax­ ployees will feel, and how much higher their It also seems a near certainty that under payers pay for never come to them at all: morale will be, if user charges pay the full the pressure of the break-even obsession the farm price support payments, foreign aid costs of the Post Office, are of doubtful Corporation would drastically curtail rural grants, rent supplements, and much, much validity. routes and rural post offices. more. Does anyone really think crews who work WHAT TAXPAYER REALLY WANTS ·on repairing toll roads are happier and CONGRESS WOULD LACK VETO prouder than crews that work on roads that Under H.R. 11750 Congress would have Let us first ask ourselves what per cent of have no user charges? the total federal spending is for things the no veto power over this. The story of what STOP ACCENTING MESS happens to service to less densely populated average taxpayer really wants and would ask areas when an intense cost squeeze is on for if the government weren't already provid­ A positive thing that could be done for the can be seen in the recent history of REA. ing them. It could be a rather modest per morale of postal employees is to stop the I mentioned in my list of premises be­ cent. endless sloganeering about how the Depart­ hind the Kappel Report the great emphasis The service provided by the Post Office ment is supposedly a mess because it doesn't would, however, certainly be included in this operate in the black. in that report on the problems in the Chi­ Once it is frankly and clearly recognized cago Post Office in October 1966, which have percent, even if it were small. And yet there been picked up and magnified by many of are those who say this average taxpayer is not that the Post Office provides a service to tax­ entitled to have his tax dollars pay for any payers the cost of which should be paid in the columnists and editorial writers as part by tax dollars, the so-called "deficit" of though that one situation showed that the part of his postal service. , It is a strange th·ing now, in the eyes of the Post Office will be as irrelevant as the entire Post Office was on the verge of col­ deficit of the Department of the Interior or of lapse. many, delivery of a letter is a "business" type activity for which a taxpayer should pay in the Veterans' Administration. The fact is that there was just one big There are many things which should be and problem there which resulted from a well­ full through user charges, while other types Of government activity, even when performed are being done to improve the Post Office. meaning but disastrous error in manage­ by the Post Office, is a service which a tax­ But "total" reform-if it means embracing ment decision making. payer ls entitled to get for his tax dollar. the break-even obsession-will mean regres­ A new postmaster had taken over at a time For example, if a householder complains to sion rather than improvement. when an unusually heavy volume of mail the Post Office about receiving an advertise­ "Piecemeal" is not a popular word. People hit the office. He needed overtime to cope ment for obscene material he is not expected want instant solutions to every problem. But with the work load. It was denied him. That to pay the Post Office for its efforts-often piecemeal progress is what reasonable men was the whole trouble. extensive-in investigating the case. learn to hope for. This Committee has cer­ NO ONE CHECKED CHICAGO STORY If a businessman asks the Post Office to tainly shown a willingness over the years to try to help the Post Office do its job better. It is a really remarkable fact to me, and check into and prosecute a scheme to use the an indication of a pre-judgment of the Post mails to defraud, no one thinks he is being WHAT I FAVOR Office problem by the Kappel Commission subsidized because he does not reimburse the I favor many parts of the postal reform staff, that even though this 1966 Chica.go Post Office for the expense it incurs. proposals. I favor greater continuity in the problem was used as the lead off horror story WHY PAY FULL COST? top positions at the Department-I was my­ in the Kappel Report, no one on the Kappel So what is it about the government deliv­ self part Of the problem on that score. Commission or staff ever sat down with that ering a piece of mail which is so different? I favor taking postmaster appointments new Postmaster of Chicago and got his ex­ Nothing but custom. It has been traditional out of politics. planation of what the problem really was. to make a charge. But there is nothing in I favor generally the provisions on postal To me, that is just as unfair as it would logic that decrees that that charge must pay transportation in both the Administration be to take the isolated case of the Consoli­ the full cost. Bill and H.R. 4. I personally favor most of dated Edison power blackout in New York the employee relations provisions of H.R. 4. There is certainly nothing in common I favor strong provisions for control of por­ a few years ago and to conclude from that sense or orderly thinking that compels the that the entire privately operated electric nography. conclusion that, if that charge does not pay I favor more opportunities for advancement utility system in the country was poorly the full cost, the agency handling the trans­ managed and on the verge of catastrophe. of postal personnel-such as having most of action is archaic, inept, inefficient, unman­ the regional directors and the chief postal During the hearing on June 5, 1969, before aged, or unmanageable. this Committee on the postal corporation inspector come from the career postal service. There are other things done by govern­ I favor sensible, proven mechanization. I plan recommended by the Kappel Commis­ ment for which it is easy to make a charge, sion, Mr. Kappel insisted that because the favor better, larger, cleaner, more modern but which by equally accidental custom, no postal facilities. Post Office Department does not operate in charge is made. the black, business ls being "subsidized." But I don't think any of this should come Public libraries could easily charge every­ through the stranglehold of a rigid break­ But would he feel that the businessman one a. rental fee. But they don't. They operate who goes to the Department of Commerce even policy. ·as a service to taxpayers. True, they may I don't think it should come about with for advice or information is being subsidized charge a daily fee for certain much-in-de­ post offioe assets turned over at an artificially because the Department does not make him mand recent books. low original cost figure to a new corporation pay a fee? But the fact they obtain some of their while onerous postal liabilities would be left Of course not. Mr. Kappel would readily revenue from user charges certainly isn't behind foc the general government to bear. recognize that service from the Department used by the editorial writers to "prove" that of Commerce is something he pays for with public libraries are unbusinesslike and poorly BUDGET BOOST NEEDED his tax money and ls entitled to get as a managed because they do not set their I feel the Post Office needs a 15 % annual taxpayer. charges so they will operate in the black. increase in its budget to be earmarked for 21510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 acquiring modern buildings and mechani­ TO MAKE BONDS SALABLE to start something new. TVA is basically just zation. To make the bonds salable, what would another electric utility and electric utllities The money should best come from a re­ the provisions of the proposed bonds have have been operated both by private corpora­ assessment of our national priorities. But to be as to interest rate, redemption penal­ tions and by government agencies-such as until that happens, any indebtedness result­ ties, sinking fund, liens on specific proper­ the consumer power districts in Nebraska.­ ing should be part of the overall federal ties and other features? What would be the for decades. debt. remedies available to bondholders in case of There is no great problem in an electric In an effort to be helpful to this Commit­ default? utility producing revenue to fully cover cost. tee I want to make a suggestion as to a ma­ Who are the investment banking firms Electric utilities are not labor intensive jor step you should consider taking before which are said to have expressed the opinion and cost of electricity is one of the few making a decision on any of the val"iations the bonds would be salable? I have a recent items in our list of goods and services that of the major postal reform bills. letter from a top partner in one of the have actually been holding stlll or going This suggestion applies not only to the larges~ and most prestigious investment down during these years in inflation. bills, such as the Administration Bill, which banking firms in New York and here is what TVA HAS RATE CONTROLS would turn the Post Office over to a corpora­ he says: TVA has rate escalation covenants in its tion, but it also applies to any of the bills "I have talked over the Post Office bond bonds and automatic rate increase provisions which provide for the setting of rates by an situation with several of my partners and we in its contracts With its power customers. agency other than the Congress or which are rather amazed that anyone contemplates We are filing legal memoranda on the rate­ provide for the issuance of a large amount selling such bonds to the public unless they making provisions and on the bond issuing of bonds, the interest and principal of which were guaranteed as to principal and interest authority provisions, proposed in H.R. 11750 would be payable out of postal revenues. by the government. As we understood the and other bills, for the assistance of the PROBLEMS ARE COMPLEX situation, the government itself was going Committee. It is impossible for me to convey to you to buy the entire issue and then possibly But I think when you examine them you adequately what complex problems are in­ at some later date have a public issue. We Will see they only make a start on analyzing volved in consideration of these rate-making see no good reason for an institution or an the innumerable tricky pi'Oblems involved. individual buying the bonds Without as men­ Therefore, I urge the Committee to retain and bond issue provisions. You have an un­ tioned, some form of guarantee." usually capable staff working for this Com­ the two types of top experts I have referred In my opinion, government guarantee of to and to have them make full-scale, in­ mittee. the bonds would not help because that would However, even in a large law firm such as depth studies before any action ls taken on mean, under other laws, the Secretary of these "total reform" proposals. ours where we have specialized familiarity the Treasury would have control over wheth­ with problems of public utility rate-making I am honored by the opportunity to testify er the bonds could be issued and I am con­ today. and corporate bond financing, we have found vinced he would conclude he could not give the attempt to adequately analyze these his consent. provisions of the pending bills so overwhelm­ However, in the meantime, in the hope of ing that we feel we have only been able to making the bonds acceptable, postal rates DESPERATE STATE OF ECONOMY IN scratch the surface. would have been raised to sky high levels. NORTHWEST I feel that you need the services of both a qualified and well staffed law firm and a MUST KNOW IT WILL WORK qualified and well staffed investment bank­ It simply isn't sound business judgment HON. WENDELL WYATT ing firm to assist in analyzing these provi­ to move ahead with something this monu­ OF OREGON sions. mental on the basis of statements that if it I hasten to take our law firm out of the doesn't work, we won't be any worse off than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES running so that no one might think I am we are now. Wednesday, July 30, 1969 trying to propose that we get in on My conviction is we would be many, many something. times worse off and that no one would know Mr. WYATT. Mr. Speaker, we in the We already have enough to do and because how to untangle the mess. Northwest are again feeling the credit of our representation of a major segment of The expense to the government of hiring crunch. It seems that the principal re­ business mailers and our work on parcel post experts at such a time of possible financial sponse to the problem of inflation always rates and various postal problems for some disaster would, in my opinion, be many, seems to be tightening the money supply of our other clients, someone might claim many times w'hat the expense would be now and increasing interest rates. We have we oould not be completely objective-al­ to get an objective, deliberate, expert look though in the legal memoranda I am filing at the legal and financial aspects of just been through this many times before. we certainly have tried to be. these two particular aspects of the pro­ Everyone in this country suffers to an posal: rate-making and bond financing. extent when this happens. We in the NO SHORT-TERM STUDY Various ones of you gentlemen may or lumber and plywood producing States This isn't a proposal for a two or three may not be enthusiastic about the efforts suffer much more, and we do every time. weeks job from each of these specialized and methods of large law firms and invest­ firms resulting in a brief opinion of law or Tight money, high interest rates, mean ment banking firms. fewer and fewer new housing starts and financial analysis. However, the fact is that there are certain This will require the same type of exten­ types of situations, much less complex than less construction. Timber products being sive and in-depth study by specialists which proposed here, where it takes literally years the backbone of our economy, we face the Kappel Commission obtained on a great to work out all of the legal and financial the closure of more mills, more unem­ variety of points from other types of spe­ ramifications. ployment, and economic chaos. cialists: principally accountants and man­ A merger of two major r·ailroads takes six The key to the battle against inflation agement consultan ts. or eight years of legal proceedings before it The Congress of the United States has re­ should be reduction of Federal Govern­ can be consummated. ment spending. For this compelling rea­ cently undertaken to pay to a large New A bankruptcy reorganization of a major York City law firm hundreds of thousands corporation often takes years of the work of son and because I believe strongly that of dollars as a fee for representing Congress lawyers and experts. our spending priorities must be reor­ in connection with an unusual and complex Government agencies and departments dered, I have voted to reduce and finally case. cannot be expected to do the technical anal­ against passage of the space program, Similar use of outside firms-legal and ysis job required here. The President has the present agricultural appropriations, financial-is needed here in order to see endorsed this proposal. How oould his sub­ and foreign aid, among other efforts to where these unprecedented proposals for ordinates presume to pick it apart? non-Congressional postal rate setting and economize. for issuance of huge amounts of postal bonds LEGAL AND FINANCIAL PROBLEMS For the benefit of my colleagues, I would lead us. The mammoth size and variety of the herewith present a detailed account of No one can now do any more than specu­ legal and financial problems involved in the hardships in our area caused by the late as to what would happen if the postal these proposals cannot be exaggerated. present credit crunch: corporation or the postal authority were Our law firm has tried to make a start on unable to meet the interest on the bonds. at least sorting out the questions, but it MAKING THE DOLLAR: CREDIT SQUEEZE FELT Would major postal buildings actually be has not been possible for us to take the BY LUMBER INDUSTRY foreclosed and taken over by the creditors time or assign the staff required to get to (By Gerry Pratt) to be used as bowling alleys and warehouses? the bottom of these thorny issues. Perhaps this is a case history of how you If that happened, where would the mail be There have been dozens of references in break inflation. If it is, it is a hard way to go. handled? testimony before this Committee to the TVA, At the close of this week, with the industry If there would not be actual foreclosures, for example. Yet the differences are far feeling the pinch of Treasury Secretary David under what law would there be a bankruptcy greater than the similarities. Kennedy's tight money policy, sanded ply­ proceeding or a reorganization plan? Could Neither the TVA nor any of the other wood on a quarter-inch index list was down the postal corporation, and the government, government type corporations were set up to $58 a thousand feet. The lowest that list lose control of Post Office finances and fa­ to take over an existing government agency. has been in the entire history of the indus­ cilities? They have all been set up from scratch try is $54 a thousand, maybe $56, in the July 30, · 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21511' depths of the 1966-67 credit crunch. In that the random prices come down as fast as they 30,000 pintails and other waterfowl that year the industry production shut down have, the speciality items are bleeding off so summer at Tulare Lake have died of this drastically and those who did stay in busi­ that even the last refuge of profits will soon ness lost their shirts. be eroding. deadly disease. The Tulare Basin has a Now looking at sheathing. It is a little more The conclusion? long history of botulism outbreaks, the complex than a straight comparison with In an industry where the unions demanded last being in 1967 when some 40,000 birds sanded, but worth following for an illustra­ and got $1-an-hour wage increases in their perished. The Interior Department is tion of how tough things are. In June of last contract, the question has to be how now devising emergency plans for keep­ 1966 there was a sheathing price list on a. much can the economy carry? ing botulism losses at the lowest possi­ half-inch basis of $74 a thousand. Today, in Nobody is talking wage or price controls. ble level. 1969 with a whole new set of cost factors, But as long as Mr. Kennedy keeps squeezing In carrying out its legislative oversight we are already down to a $70 list. down on the availability of money, the econ­ responsibility, my subcommittee will be A 1966 DOWNWARD SPIRAL TRACED omy is providing its ~wn controls. The ply­ briefed in open session tomorrow morn­ Trace what happened in 1966 as things wood industry, for one, will not long con­ tinue paying $10,000-a-year labor costs to ing by representatives of the Interior De­ progressed much as they are moving under partment on the recent botulism out­ today's credit cruch: In July, '66, the price mill workers in a ma,rket as lean as this. Nor of half-inch sheathing was $71 a thousand; oan they pay these raw material costs and break. The meeting will be held in room in August and September it slipped to $68 keep prices down. 1334 Longworth House Office Building at and then fell to $64 a thousand in October. 10 a.m. I would like to extend an invita­ It dropped more than 13 points to $58 and tion to all Members of the House and $60 a thousand before things turned around their staffs to attend this special briefing. in the first quarter of 1967. WATERFOWL HEARING If we are to have anything like a repetition of the 1966 cruMh, and so far we have, then the figures from that year indicate the HON. JOHN D. DINGELL OREGON FIRMS CONTRIBUTE TO sheathing market could slip another $14 be­ OF MICHIGAN SUCCESS OF APOLLO MOON MIS­ fore the January-February turn-around of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES next year. If that happens, there will be SION blood in the streets of the timber towns. Wednesday, July 30, 1969 In Roseburg, Charlie Gardiner, general sales manager of Roseburg Lumber Co., admits at Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ HON. EDITH GREEN the close of this week: "This industry could day, August 11, 1969, my Subcommittee OF OREGON be described as a bum just out of a fight, on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sitting in the gutter, he is bleeding and un­ of the Committee on Merchant Marine less he gets some help, he could bleed to and Fisheries will hold hearings on mi­ Wednesday, July 30, 1969 death. This thing is bad." gratory waterfowl regulations as they Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, Two years ago, maybe 18 months ago, the might affect the forthcoming season on the great accomplishment of the Apollo industry was working with a different timber cost, a cost most operators put at $50 a ducks and geese. The hearings will be 11 team in reaching the moon and re­ thousand less than what they must pay for held in room 1334 Longworth Building, turning safely to earth has the admira­ logs or have paid for timber they have wait­ beginning at 10 a.m. tion of us all. The citizens of the State of ing to go into their mills. One of the funotions of my Subcom­ Oregon join with all Americans in Two years ago there was a wage scale that mittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Con­ saluting the Apollo astronauts and the did not include the major pay increase of servation is to provide legislative over­ National Aeronautics and Space Admin­ this yea,r, a wage-scale operators estimate has istration for this triumph of technology increased the cost of plywood on a three­ sight of the Interior Department's ad­ eighths basis by $2.80 a thousand. There was ministration of the Migratory Bird and will. Oregon has cause to be doubly also a. smaller increase in wages last year. Treaty Act. The administration of the proud of the success of the moon mission Over-all, with the $50 increase in stumpage act has been the subject of considerable for its industry and labor provided many prices and the wage costs figured through controversy in recent years, particularly of the parts, instruments, and materials on a three-eighths basis complete with over­ as to bag limits, among sportsmen and that were vital to the project. run recovery factors, men such as Charlie conservationist groups. I consider the The involvement of 10 Oregon firms Gardiner claim you can figure the cost of annual hearings that have been con­ in the moon project is described in a finished plywod has increased since 1966-67 ducted by my subcommittee during the recent editorial column in the Daily by at least $30 a thousand. past few years an essential part of the Journal of Commerce of Portland, Oreg., OPERATORS KEEP RUNNING subcommittee's supervisory function. by its editor Robert G. Swan. Under "Those are composite figures, figures no The purpose of the subcommittee unanimous consent I submit this editorial one could argue with or seriously dispute," hearings is to provide an open forum for inclusion in the CONGRESSIONAL Gardiner maintains of the $30 estimate. RECORD, as follows: Other factors have changed since 1966. on the complex issues involved in set­ When that credit crunch came there was ting bag and season limitations. In the TEN OREGON FIRMS FILL APOLLO ROLES very little fat in the manufacturing industry. past, the hearings have brought out in­ (By Robert G. Swan) This time there is the residue of the 15 formation which has been most helpful Few states can claim the distinction of months of juicy profits the industry enjoyed to the Secretary and it is my intention to Ohio in the Apollo 11 moon mission. The before things collapsed last spring. Opera­ see that the subcommittee continues to Buckeye state contributed one of its native tions as of this past week, with some opera­ provide this service. My goal is to insure sons, Neil Armstrong, as commander of the tors cutting $150 and $70 stumpage in this equitable and fair decisions which will mission and as the first to set foot on the market, would indicate they are prepared to protect the interests of the sportsman as lunar surface. Few states, however, can jus­ keep on running until there is nothing left. tifiably show more pride than can Oregon They canno·t help but lose money. Most of well as the conservationist. for its part in the mission from earth-to­ them are just now getting into their high­ I hope all interested parties will avail moon. There we,re over two million separate priced timber. themselves of the opportunity presented pieces to the mission's hardware-the Saturn "Where are they going? We are going to by the hearings to express their opinions V rocket which launched the Apollo space­ have some high-classed funerals; they can't so that the Secretary of the Interior will craft with !.ts command-services and lunar do otherwise," comments one major operator. have at hand all available information modules down to the space suits with the In lumber, where specialties such as Ore­ life support systems which made possible the gon's choice clears or long dimension items upon which to base his decisions. The stroll on the moon. A surprising number of have kept a modicum of profit, the price lists regulations will be issued by the Secre­ the pieces of Apollo hardware are stamped are also getting serious. Green fir studs, tary on Friday, August 15. A notice of "made in Oregon" ... In_all there are 10 which peaked around $125 to $130 a thou­ the hearings has been sent to all State Oregon fi1rms we could find which con­ sand, are down to $68 or $69 this week. Ran­ fish and game directors, sportsmen's tributed directly to the overall effo:rt for dom length two by fours that topped out at groups, conservation organizations and Downey, Calif., was the prime contractor $140 are down to $73 and $74. other interested parties. which North American Rockwell Corp. of Those prices are not as bad as the historic As chairman of the subcommittee, I which principal help from Grumman Air­ lows of '66 when studs went to a miserable craft (the LM), Boeing (1st stage of saturn $50 or $52. Chances of seeing anything like just recently received information from V), IBM (instrument unit) .and McDonnell that again with today's costs are very remote. representatives of the Department of the Douglas Aircraft (3d stage of Saturn V) ...• But with the $100 and more log costs going Interior of a botulism outbreak in the Three major Oregon contributors were the into the mills, operators cutting even at Tulare Lake Basin of California's San Portland Division of Electronic Speoialty Co., today's prices a,re losing money. And when Joaquin Valley. Already 8,000 of the 18900 NE Sandy Blvd.; Wah Oha,ng Co. of 21512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 Albany and Oeco Oorp., 712 SE Hawthorne light weight, small size, minimum heat gen­ recent activities through manufacturing and Blvd.... Six other Oregon firms were listed eration, absolute reliability and minimum commercial and real estate developments; by North American Rockwell as hardware noise. They represent a significant advance but in the Sleeping Bear Dune region along contributors, and all are from Portland. in the state of the art of solid state cir­ the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, one can There are the manufacturers' agents, Arva, cuitry," Welch reported.... In the pa.at still view many of the original features of Inc. at 2034 SW 58th; Doug Strain's Electro eight years, Oeco supplied about $1.5 million this fascinating landscape. Scientific Industries at 13900 NW Science worth of units, some 12,000 by count, to the This is a land the glaciers spawned. The Park Drive; Portland Metals' pioneer Esco over.all Apollo project. imprint of the Wisconsin Glacier, the last at NW 25th & Vaughn; D. R. Reece's Na­ of several mammoth ice masses that sculp­ tional Appliance Co. at 10855 SW Greenburg tured the land several thousand years ago, Road; Robert Ledgerwood's Roi-Away Truck is boldly incorporated into the rugged ter­ Mfg. at 6143 SE Foster Road, and Ruson rain that characterizes this region. The tre­ Laboratories at 3434 SE Milwaukie Ave., SLEEPING BEAR: DUNELAND mendous, unbelievable mass of ice not only headed by Rollin Emerson. . . . Then there COUNTRY gouged out ancient valleys to form the basins were the oscilloscopes of Tek,tronix in Beaver­ of the Great Lakes, but fingers of ice spread tion. These cathode-ray tube devices of Tek's out in all directions to push up gigantdc are virtually everywhere in space work, in­ HON. MARVIN L. ESCH mounds of debris that eventually formed cluding the flight center in Houston. OF MICHIGAN strong morainal hills in the Sleeping Bear area. As the ice melted and the glacier re­ RELAYS PERFORM CRITICAL SWITCHING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES treated, tremendous volumes of melt waters FUNCTIONS Wednesday, July 30, 1969 further shaped the landscape to create vast While not on the moon mission itself, ver­ glacial lakes and ancient rivers; these in tical gyroscopes from Electronic Specialty's Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, last week I turn left their imprint on the terrain in the Portland pa-oduotion played a major role in was pleased to join with my good friend, form of extensive outwash plaJ.ns, broad helping to ready Astronauts Armstrong and PHIL RUPPE, in sponsoring H.R. 12935, a sweeping embayment plains, river beds, old Lunar Module Pilot Edward (Buzz) Aldrin bill to establish the Sleeping Bear Dunes beaches, deltas, and steep blufflands eroded for the mission. ES gyros were used on the by glacial waters. Isolated blocks of ice, bur­ Lunar Landing Test Vehicle flown bi:lfore the National Lakeshore. Our bill is an identi­ cal companion to H.R. 12230, the bill led in the masses of debris, upon melting mission by Armstrong and Aldrin at the formed numerous potholes, some of which Space Center in Houston. This trainer pre­ earlier introduced by GUY VANDER J:AGT, eventually resulted in lakes, ponds, and bogs. pared them for the manual landing its was who represents the area involved. Through these many glacial features, the necessary to make at the last minute just a The Sleeping Bear Dunes National post-glacial history of the Sleeping Bear sec­ few hundred feet above the moon's surface. Lakeshore is long overdue. It is urgently tion has been written into the present Thirty ES relays perform critical switching be landscape. functions in the command module Colum­ needed and simply cannot long de­ layed. The area involved, some 61,000 The broad pl~ins now occupying former bia's communications with earth and in the bays are flanked along the present Lake voice recorder system which transcribes all acres of unique dunes and their forest setting on the Lake Michigan shoreline, Michigan shorel1ne by steep, prominent voice communications and conversations headlands which originally s,teered the ice within the spacecraft. . •. Electronic Spe­ is now threatened as never before by flows into the valley sectors. Typical embay­ cialty's Portland facility has developed encroaching forces which will soon de­ unique capab111ties for manufacturing elec­ ments of this kind are found adjacent to grade and destroy this special area unless Platte Bay, Sleeping Bear Bay, Good Harbor tronic components to rigid specifications for we act now. Es.oh critical applications and operation under se­ Bay, and Empire. of these areas now Mr. Paul W. Thompson, research as­ possesses a number of scenic inland lakes vere environmental conditions. Its products left when glacial waters retreated to lower are marketed to foreign as well as U.S. aero­ sociate at the Cranbrook Institute of Science, points out the unique features levels in the Lake Michigan basin. The best space industries. known are Glen, Platte, Traverse, and Lime EXOTIC MODULE METALS FROM ALBANY TO of this area in an article in the summer Lakes. MOON issue of the Explorer magazine. He One of the largest concentrations of the More than 100 vital parts were supplied for warns, too, that-- nation's dunes exists along the Lake Michigan the mission by Oeco, starting with ground With the pressure of present commercial shore west of Glen Lake. The name "Sleeping support equipment used during the count­ interests, many of the unrecoverable features Bear" has been applied to this group because down. Most of the Oeco contributions were of this duneland country are rapidly dis­ a conspicuous perched dune located here has tiny transformers, reactors and inductors no appearing. If immediia.te action is not taken the sloping contours of a reclining bear. The bigger than t'he tip of one's little :finger, by those interested in the continued enjoy­ early French fur traders and explorers, pad­ according to Robert E. Mitchell, president of ment of its scenic and scientific resources, dling their canoes along the shore, could the 23-year-old electronics firm. The minia­ we shall soon lose for all time one of the observe the distinctive dune from a consid­ turized pieces supply the power for commu­ unique native landscapes of the naition. Con­ erable distance and gave it a French name nications systems. certed action, on the other hand, can pre­ with a similar meaning. The northern por­ Wah Chang was responsible for some of the serve a portion of typical dunela.nd country tion of the area contains dunes formed at exotic metals used in constructing the space so that present and future generations may the Lake Michigan level; however, the south­ vehicles. Control of the module in space was klllOW its attractive natural cha.rm. ern sector was originally covered by a massive through jet thrusters made of Wah Chang glacial moraine which now forms the steep columbium. And, when the LM dropped to I include Mr. Thompson's article at rampart-like bluffs, several hundred feet in the moon's surface, the "soft" landing was this point in the RECORD: height, that border the shoreline. At Sleeping assisted by colwnbium alloy turned out by DUNELAND COUNTRY Bear, the western shore of South Manitou Wah Chang in its plant alongside Inter­ Many differelllt naitive landscapes, ea.ch Island, and along a strip of lakefront south of state-5 in northeast Albany. The only fully Empire, wind activity has formed gigantic integrated producer of rare metals in the with its own distinctive features, are to be "perched" dunes on the tops of prominent nation, Wah Chang produced the skirt of found throughout the various regions of the moraines. Dunes devoid of vegetation are the main descent engine on the LM. The nation. Along the Atlia.ntic seacoast, where ma.n has not yet fully disturbed the na.tural termed "active" or "moving" dunes, as the skirting of paper t'hinness was designed to sa.nd continues to move slowly to new loca­ withstand temperatures to 2,700 degrees, and, features, are broad stretches of sandy tions. Others, covered with excellent forests if necessary, crumple on impact to help ab­ beaches; inland are still to be found exten­ sJ.ve areas of rich forest cha.racterl&tdc of the and vegetation, are now "fixed" and are often sorb landing shock. referred to as "covered" dunes. Perched high eastern United States. On the flat or gently above the waters of Lake Michigan these OVER 12,000 UNITS TO OVERALL APOLLO EFFORT rolling plains of the Midwest lie the vast dunelands create a scenic landscape that in Sixteen different parts from Oeoo were in prairielands. To the westward 1s the land many parts resembles that of the Pacific the life support packs worn on the backs of of mountains typified by rocky, rugged ter­ coastal country. Dunes in these locations are Armstrong and Aldrin during their walk on rain where the high peaks are often covered among the best perched dunes of the nation. the moon, which we all followed step-by­ by snow and the varying altitudes lead to a step through the Iniracle of llve television wide variety o:f plant and animal life. In Several square miles of dunes in the Sleep­ from a quarter of a million miles away. , .• the Southwest the hotter temperatures and ing Bear section give it a desert-like aspect. Sensors built into the landing pads on the the lack o:f minfall result in an unusual All of the common duneland features are LM to record data about the moon's surface desert environment. The steep bluffs along found here: small dunes, huge sand moun­ and subsurface were dependent upon units pa.r11s of the Pacific ooastllne create a pictur­ tains, dune cliffs and bluffs, long massive from Oeco. esque and interesting seascape. sand ridges, sand valleys with a multitude The clarity of voices from deep in space Bordering much of the shoreline of the of shapes and sizes. Where wind currents are was partly from the quality of Oeco engi­ Great Lakes is another type of distinctive strong, huge sand barriers are formed. On neered transformers, according to firm Vice American landscape known as the duneland the lee side of these massive mounds are President Edward G. Welch. "The transform­ country. Hundreds of square miles o:f this very steep slopes known as "slides," so-called ers are engineered for zero maintenance, country have been radicanr altered by man's because once the sand is piled up steeper than July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21513 the critical angle, the topmost layers slide to parasitic plant that grows on the roots of the numerous lakes, rich, forests, and varied the base to reduce the slope below this angle. dune wormwood. Sand cherry, bearberry, low vegetation has played an important role in Innumerable persons have viewed the giant juniper, and the delicate bluebell are all in­ the past history of this region. The abun­ slide, several hundred feet high, located at habitants of the sand dune country. dance of fish, wild fowl, and game attracted the western end of Glen Lake. On the sandy plains of the ancient embay­ several different Indian tribes before the days In certain localities one can view the an­ ment sectors one finds these sand-flora close of the white man. Later, the wealth of animal cient "tree cemeteries" typical of larger dune­ to the border of the beaches. However, as one life generously contributed to the fur trade, land areas. The moving sand slowly, year by moves inland one encounters a number of bringing many trappers and traders into the year, covers forests in its path until the trees zones of vegetation, each with its characteris­ area. When the settlers began to move into are completely buried. Years later, when the tic and distinctive collection of species, each the Midwest, land travel was difficult through sands have been carried by the wind to new different from the other. this wilderness and much of the transporta­ locations, the bleached skeletons of these Adjacent to the sand-flora zone one fre­ tion was by water routes. Both North and dead trees are uncovered and exposed to the quently finds a conifer zone where scattered South Manitou Islands were fueling stations elements. Often these "cemeteries" occur on red, white, and jack pines predominate. The for wood-burning steamers and the forests of dark layers of soil now covering large masses individual pines here are often well sepa­ these Islands furnished many thousands of of sand and represent ancient ground sur­ rated from their nearest neighbors but are cords of wood for steamer fuel. Still later, faces at one time covered by very old forests. surrounded by clumps of low juniper and the dense forests supported a vast lumbering Dune formation in the Great Lakes region long streamers of horizontal juniper which, industry for several decades. With the de­ is the result of wind and wave action. Mil­ with the bearberry, extend out in all direc­ pletion of virgin timber, however, the region lions of sand particles, washed up on the tions over the sandy openings between the has gradually become more dependent on the lake shores (primarily along the eastern pines. Sand cherry, buffalo berry, and choke tourist trade, and the wealth of natural sides), are later piled up into dunes by cherry are common shrubs of this area. features has been an important factor in its wind activity on land bordering the beaches. A savannah-like band of scattered oaks economy in recent years. If the area was covered in the past by glacial consisting mainly of the white and red oak Sandy-shored lakes, many bordered by lakes, then larger quantities of sand are species typifies the next inland zone of vege­ woods, have created a northland atmosphere available to produce bigger dunes. Sand tation. Characteristic shrubs of this habitat which lures many visitors to the dunelands. dune formation in the Sleeping Bear sec­ are witch hazel, shadbush, pin cherry, bush Long strips of white sandy beaches along tion has been particularly favorable because honeysuckle, and the low blueberry. Often the Lake Michigan coast make it one of the of past geological activities. the more open areas of sandy soil are thickly foremost freshwater swimming localities in During the period following the Wiscon­ covered with reindeer lichen, xeric mosses, the world. Superb natural scenery ls en­ sin Glacier, although ice was melting in the and other forms of lichen. hanced by an unusual combination of vegeta­ Michigan region, several low-level drainage The next vegetational zone on the inland tion, sand, water, forests, and glacial topog­ channels to the east were still blocked by side of the oak savannah is the aspen wood­ raphy. Consequently, people with a wide the glacial ice. Consequently, lakes formed in land dominated by the large-toothed and range of interests have been attracted here: the Lake Michigan basin had higher water quaking aspens. Mixed with these are a few artist, photographer, hunter, fisherman, levels, and lake waters extended consider­ pines, red maples, and red oaks. The ground boater, hiker, scientist, canoeist, resorter, ably farther inland than the present shore­ layer is often covered with bracken fern and and vacationer. All have enjoyed their specific line of Lake Michigan. Canada mayflower. During the spring season activities in pleasant settings that have added As the ice to the northeast continued to the wood betony and the, showy, orchid­ much to their satisfaction. In turn, these melt, new drainage channels were opened colored fringed polygala lend color to the visitors have contributed substantially to the one by one. With each new outlet the glacial area. Over the years, as decaying humus im­ economy of the region. lakes sought a lower level, leaving embay­ proves the richness of the soil and its mois­ However, with the pressure of present com­ ments as sandy plains covered with former ture conditions become more favorable, one mercial interests, many of the unrecoverable beaches and bars. In these locations where notes a gradual invasion of the beech-maple features of this duneland country are rapidly quantities of sand were available, ancient climax forest that blankets many of the disappearing. If immediate action is not dune systems resulted, each associated with morainal hills and the valleys where the land taken by those interested in the continued one of these former stages of glacial lakes. has a moderate amount of moisture. This enjoyment of its scenic and scientific re­ These relic dunes can still be seen just be­ type of woodland is known for the richness sources, we shall soon lose for all time one low the mouth of Otter Creek and in the of its spring flora, for at this period of the of the unique native landscapes of the na­ vicinity of Platte Point. Crystal Lake, once a year the forest floor is carpeted with thou­ tion. Concerted action, on the other hand, bay of one of these more extensive, post­ sands of blossoming wildflowers. During the can preserve a portion of typical duneland glacial lakes, became a separate body of summer months the heavy foliage of beech country so that present and future genera­ water when the mouth of the bay was blocked and sugar maple produces a deep shade that tions may know i~ attractive natural charm. by dunes. Ancient dunes of the Lake Algon­ creates a wilderness atmosphere. With the quin, Lake Nippissing, and Lake Algoma advent of autumn, however, these woodlands Mr. Speaker, this article testifies elo­ stages in glacial history can now be found take on an entirely different aspect, for the quently to the splendid natural resource at this location in addition to present-day foliage becomes a mass of color-bright scar­ of the Sleeping Bear Dunes landscape. dunes. lets, brilliant yellows, and oranges against What remains to be done is to insure this Dune country has its own distinctive the rich bronzes, browns, and purples. This precious resource sufficient and timely flora-a flora exposed to the elements, en­ vivid seasonal display ls a major attraction during the full heat of sunlight during the for many visitors to the area. preservation-and this is the purpose of day and rapid cooling at night, having no In contrast to the beech-maple hardwood our bill. protection from strong winds, and often forests are the white cedar swamps that The bill Mr.VANDERJAGT, Mr. RUPPE, existing in quite sterile soil. Plants living in thrive in the wet valleys. Here the cedar is and I have introduced is largely identical this environment are adapted to its rugged often mixed with balsam fir, tamarack, and with that sponsored by Mr. NEDZI, Mr. conditions; for example, sand flora often have yellow birch. These swamplands form an O'HARA, and Senator PHILIP A. HART. The a heavy covering of hairs. To exist, pioneer almost impenetrable thicket that is common few differences are clarifying and techni­ plants must possess the ability to put out on low wet ground. cal, but include a significant refinement new root growths rapidly and at various In a duneland valley along the western levels. This prevents uprooting of the plant portion of South Manitou Island is a unique of land acquisition procedures. The in­ if strong wind action removes sand from ancient cedar forest. This virgin stand of tent is to preserve the national lakeshore, the roots, or smothering if sand is deposited giant cedars, many measuring from four to but also to protect local property owners too thickly over the root system. Since beach six feet in diameter, is located on the high in a balanced program. I am hopeful that grass, sand ree(j. grass, and the cottonwood moraine that dominates that section of the the Committee on Interior and Insular develop new root systems rapidly, these Island. However, the trees are protected by Affairs will give this new language favor­ plants frequently serve to stabilize the sand high perched dunes that surround the area. able consideration. dunes. Once these species have retarded A ring count of a huge windfall cedar shows sand movement, many other types of sand that the older trees were in existence before What must be emphasized, however, is flora can gain a foothold. Columbus discovered America. that the differences between these two Despite these prevailing adverse conditions Of interest to the botanist and the ecologist bills are minor when set beside the sig­ the plants that inhabit the dunelands and is the occurrence, in this valley of giant nificance of their close similarity. It sandy beaches are often interesting and some cedars, of four different species of ferns which should now be clear-as it has never been are quite colorful. Among these are the bril­ are non-existent elsewhere in this part of before-that the concept of a Sleeping liant orange milkweed, colorful blue beach Michigan. The most common of these is the Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in all of pea, rich wine-red Hudsonian anemone, northern holly fern growing by the thousands its fundamental features has the united bright orange Philadelphia lily, yellow puc­ along the wooded banks of the dunes under coon, and an interesting purple-flowered the shade of the cedars. Others are the and urgent support of the Michigan con­ sea rocket that grows along the beaches just Braun holly fern, the green spleenwort, and gressional delegation. I know that the out of reach of the waves. Of interest, too, are the walking fern which grows here on dead people of Michigan and throughout the the white-flowered lyreleaf mustard, green logs. . Lake States area support this project, as lilies, false heather, and a small maroon The combination of rugged termin, does every major conservation group in 21514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 our State and nationwide. In a recent Roth, lt appears, has tackled a problem "our domestic arms race is out o:r control" at speech to the Michigan United Conserva­ aimost as complicated as the Apollo space the very time that new Federal and local m.Lssions. He'll need a.11 the luck he can find laws have burdened and repressed gun own­ tion Clubs convention, Gov. William Mil­ to pull the bureaucratic jumble into the ership by honest citizens. Certainly if laws liken made a strong statement of support computer age. can control ti.rearms, there should be few or and urged immediate action: no domestic arms problems. Where this does The time has come, for the good of all of the not hold true, it may go to show that the people of Michigan, for decisive action on the WHOSE "MORONIC BABBLING"? "pass a. law" philosophy of the ADA and long-sought objective of preserving and de­ others does not hold true. To take one prize veloping this resource. We need a decision, example: and I, for one, intend to work for an affirma­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Chicago adopted citywide firearms regis­ tive one. OF OHIO tration April 15, 1968, and also came under In my view, now ls the time for all of us the Illinois I.D. card system July 1, 1968. to begin to pull together and make the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Some 384,000 firearms have been duly regis­ Sleeping Bear National Lakeshore a reality. Wednesday, July 30, 1969 tered by law-abiding Chicagoans. A police spokesman proudly says that shootings dur­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, it ing the first part of this year were fewer than seems to be the time of year when seg­ in the corresponding period last year--con­ ments of the political society again start veniently overlooking the fact that riots and BRING AID PROGRAMS INTO THE harping on gun control. I would think disorders last year ran up the 1968 shooting SPACE AGE that by now even they would have seen score abnormally. the glaring holes in their theories and Yet 51 shootings including 5 homicides were reported in Chicago in one May week­ HON. CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN moved on to the important question, end this year, gun laws notwithstanding. OF MICHIGAN crime control; but no, the drivel con­ Nearly all were committed by organized IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinues. gangs of law-breakers, prompting The Chica­ Only days ago the President's Com­ go Tribune to editorialize (May 28, 1969) Wednesday, July 30, 1969 mission on Violence recommended that "This gang warfare must stop." It cited the Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, as all Americans be required to surrender case of one brazen juvenile gang leader, ac­ one who shares the concern of the their hand guns to the Government. The quitted of murder last year and himself absurdity of this position is surpassed wounded this year, who refused to identify gentlemen from Delaware (Mr. RoTH) his assailant and told police, "We'll take care about the desirability and need for a only by a recent resolution of the Amer­ of it ourselves." Evidently the Federal,. State, complete and up-to-date catalog listing icans for a Democratic Society. This and local anti-gun laws have not succeeded all Federal aid programs and who has calls for totally disarming all citizens. in disarming this one ruthless young man. joined in sponsoring legislation to bring An editorial in the August edition of But the ADA· seems to believe a Federal law this about, I was particularly gratified the American Rifleman treats the ADA could banish guns from the entire Nation. to note the editorial appearing in the position with all due generosity and Its i.ntolerant attitude on firearms is sadly Wednesday, June 23d edition of The points out the flaws and I include it in typical of those who befog the real issue­ the RECORD at this point: crime control-by supporting mistaken legis­ State Journal, Lansing, Mich., endorsing lation that would do little or nothing but this project. I commend to the attention WHOSE "MORONIC BABBLING"? disarm honest citizens. of my colleagues, and particularly the The shallowness of the preposterous or­ (For those unfamiliar with Americans for House leadership, the request to "Bring ganized attacks on legitimate firearms own­ Democratic Action, the organization was Aid Programs into the Space Age." ership was never better exposed than re­ founded in 1947, tried to ditch Harry Tru­ The editorial follows: cently in the words of one anti-gun organi­ man for Henry Wallace (no kin to George C. zation itself, meeting in Washington, D.C. Wallace) in 1948, and spent some of "the BRING AID PROGRAMS INTO THE SPACE AGE Terming public safety "too important to largest sums" reported in the 1952 and 1956 There's no telling what can happen in this be left to reactionaries and bigots," the self­ Presidential campaigns as a policy group fast moving space age, but U.S. Rep. William styled "liberal" Americans for Democratic supporting Adlai Stevenson ( according to V. Roth Jr., R-Del., deserves a pat on the Action adopted a resolution demanding that Alexander Heard in The Costs of Democracy, back for his efforts. Americans "be totally disarmed." Thlll would 1962). A recent letterhead lists such notables Roth is sponsoring a House bill designed apply in due course to police as well as pri­ as David Dubinsky, Walter P. Reuther, and to create a government-wide catalog of all vate citizens. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., among ADA vice federal aid programs which would be kept By a remarkable feat of mental acrobatics, chairmen and Bayard Rustin and Dorothy updated on a monthly basis. It has been sit­ the resolution, drafted by the ADA's State Moon, both much identified with far-left ting around for some time but now appears and Local Policy Commission, had as its causes, and former U.S. Sen. Joseph S. Clark, to be moving forward with an endorsement title: "A comprehensive program to fight Richard N. Goodwin, Daniel P. Moynihan, from the Bureau of the Budget. crime without compromising individual and Mrs. Benjamin Spock among national The congressman said he decided to in­ liberty." board members.) troduce the measure last year after an t'ight As usual among unrealistic thinkers, it is month study showed that no one, anywhere all apparently a. question of whose individual in government, had any idea how many fed­ liberty ls to be sacrificed. In this instance the eral aid programs existed. ADA chose to ignore the widely-recognized Nor was there any single agency anywhere civil and constitutional rights of American BLESS THOU THE ASTRONAUTS in which local and state officials could quick­ gun owners. ly obtain the information they need to deal The liberalistic ADA lightly dismisses the With the aid programs. whole concept of the right to bear arms with HON. ED FOREMAN Roth noted, for example, that one federal one impolite sentence in its resolution: "It OF NEW :MEXICO agency dealing With aid projeots listed fewer ls time for Congress to stop listening to the than 600 programs while his own survey re­ moronic babbling of extremists and gun wor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vealed more than 1,000. shippers and pass effective gun control." Wednesday, July 30, 1969 He said if his study could do a more com­ In a. preamble to that intemperate com­ plete job Of cataloging in eight months than ment, the ADA resolution correctly states: Mr. FOREMAN. Mr. Speaker, when the federal government could do in several "No Nation can survive which cannot protect Congress is in session, and my family years, "the problem is obviously one of v,ill­ the personal security of its citizens. And and I are living in the Washington, D.C., power, not manpower." America. must do so without eroding the Con­ area, we attend church at the Cherrydale But there will be a rocky road ahead in stitutional protections which are our most United Methodist Church in Arlington, the slow moving bureaucracy of Washington. precious values." Va. Rev. Ernest K. Emurian is the very Roth reported that the Bureau of the The ADA then proceeded to approve a. Budget, while -agreeing with objectives of course which in the opinion of many millions fine, capable mi~ister serving this the catalog bill, wants what the congress­ of Americans would knock out the broad and church. Undoubtedly, Mr. Emurian is one man calls an "evolutionary approach." This long-accepted meaning of the Second of the most popular, best accepted min­ means the catalog would be updated yearly Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and isters with his congregation that I have instead of monthly. casually trample on the "personal security" ever witnessed. His timely sermons are The congressman prefers the revolutionary of multitudes who are not so situated that unusually interesting, educational, and approach so that people know immediately they can obtain police protection in time to about new guidelines, changed money fig­ save them from robbery, mayhem, rape, or useful-in fact, I just do not want to miss ures and programs. Without this, he said, murder. a single one of his excellent messages if the catalog would be valueless and "will lie To add further irony to its ridiculous line I am within this area and can possibly unused on some shelf." of reasoning, the ADA resolution asserts that be in his church on Sunday mornings. July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21515 In addition to being a most capable, THE POPULARITY OF FOREIGN CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK widerstanding, hard-working minister AID of, for, and to the people, Mr. Emurian HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. is an accomplished writer and composer. Last week, following the successful com­ Hon. PETER H. B. FRELINGHUYSEN OF NEW JERSEY pletion of man's first visit to the moon, OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Emurian wrote a very impressive, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WednesIsaiah 40:31, a favorite passage Even with this ex·aggerated notion of the and perseverance of the peoples of east of the late President Kennedy, who set in cost (and interviewees were not told what and central Europe still prevail. Persecu­ motion our successful space program. Stanza the correct figure was), 46 per cent said they tion and terror have not succeeded in 4 ends with the phrase on the plaque left supported the aid programs, 32 per cent said stamping out their will and determina­ there by the first men to reach the moon. no and 22 per cent expressed varying degrees tion to ultimately achieve the freedom The hymn tune "Melita," composed in 1861 of support and opposition. with which Americans- and other peoples by John Bacchus Dykes, is the tune to which The strongest support was found in the the Navy Hymn, "Eternal Father Strong To Northeast (49 per cent) and the weakest are so blessed. So on this anniversary of Save," ls universally sung. It is No. 553 in the support was found in the West (40 per cent). our original dedication to the restoration Methodist Hymnal.) College-educated persons favored aid by 58 of freedom in the captive nations we per cent to 18 percent, with 24 per cent ex­ pay tribute to the undaunted spirit of pressing reservations. their people and affirm again our support Democrats generally support aid programs and admiration for their wiconquerable more vigorously than Republicans. Among determination to win liberty. TRIBUTE TO THE ASTRONAUTS those interviewed who considered themselves strong Democrats, 52 per cent said the United The article follows: States should continue to give aid to other RELIGION UNDER COMMUNISM HON. JAMES A. McCLURE countries. Among those who considered (By Msgr. John Balkunas) OF mAHO themselves strong Republicans, 42 per cent (NoTE.-The author is a noted American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES favored the aid programs. clergyma.n and lecturer. Monsignor Balkunas On the questlon of whether the United is also a cultural and civic leader of the Wednesday, July 30, 1969 States would be better off to stay at home American-Lithuanian community and Presi­ Mr. McCLURE. Mr. Speaker, I want to and not concern itself with the problems of dent of the Conference of Americans of Cen­ join with the gentleman from New Mex­ other parts of the world, 76 per cent said no. tral and Eastern European Descent, Only 24 per cent approved the proposition CACEED.) ico (Mr. FOREMAN) in calling the atten­ that we should not concern ourselves with The story of Communist persecution of re­ tion of the Members to the thoughtful the rest of the world. ligion in East-Central Europe is a sordid and moving tribute to the Astronauts Among those with a college education, the drama of hate and violence. Yet, even today, penned by Rev. Emurian. My wife and I, opposition to an isolationist role was 88 per we see and hear reports by touring Western­ when we first arrived in this area, hap­ cent. Of those with a grade-school educa­ ers, including in some cases clergymen, who pened to locate in the neighborhood tion, the opposition was 60 per cent. declare: "I have seen the crowded churches, served by Cherrydale Methodist Church. These figures would indicate stronger sup­ the religious services, the priests and minis­ For us it has been a very happy circum­ port for President Nixon's controversial ters." On the basis of a superficial glance, stance because we have had the opportu­ speech last month at the Air Force Academy these tourists thus conclude that there is in which he attacked the new isolationists real freedom of religion in the Communist nity to hear Rev. Emurian's sermons and than the outcry from som,e members of Con­ states. to learn to admire and respect this very gress would suggest. Ideologically the Communists cannot per­ unusual and talented person. The tribute The figures also would indicate much mit loyalty and faith in a Divine authority. referred to is but typical of his percep­ stronger support for aid than the critics in To do so would threaten the very foundation tion and talent. Congress would have anyone believe. of the official materialistic philosophy. Athe- 21516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 istic communism cannot view man as an in­ aganda, even though the Soviet and the of practicing religion or being a believer dividual value possessing an immortal soul. Warsaw Pact countries' newspapers and mag­ finds it extremely difficult to continue his . Although the Communists cannot succeed azines repeatedly stress the need to improve studies in the universities. All government in rooting out a man's yearning for religion, atheistic education and propaganda to ulti­ employees, teachers and students are under they seek to replace faith in God with a mately eradicate all religions. constant surveillance. secular cult dominated by the Communist ESTONIA ideology. POLAND The Communist attack on religion and The Soviet press is usually silent on the The Roman Catholic Church in the course _ churches is generally carried out in four question of churches. Therefore little infor­ of Polish history has always identified itself forms. First, terror and violence are employed mation is available on Church-State rela­ with national ideals and has been considered · against the clergy and the faithful. Second, tions. For example, the Lutheran Church of a symbol of Polish freedom. Under the pres­ religious groups are deprived of their news­ Soviet-occupied Estonia was granted mem­ sure of the events of October 1956, the Com­ papers, publications and books. Third, or­ bership in the Lutheran World Federation at munist regime agreed to improve the situa­ ganized religion is either suppressed or is the Helsinki Conference of August 1963. The tion of the Church.. The Catholic Primate, dominated by the Communist regime. meeting was attended by the Archbishop of Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, reached a new Fourth, indoctrination of youth in Commu­ the Estonian Church, Jaan Kiivit. Obviously agreement on Church-State relations. The nist ideas is given top priority. the Church could not apply for membership agreement, while recognizing the lay charac­ But despite these maneuvers, religion con­ in an international organization without the ter of the schools, provides for religious tinues to exist and in some areas it even approval of Soviet authorities. Despite this, teaching for children who have their parents' prospers. Parents give secret religious in­ the Estonian papers did not mention the consent. struction to their children. Young people are admission of the Soviet Estonian Lutheran Ever since 1957, the State-by means of insisting upon Church weddings and bap­ Church into the World Federation. administrative measures--has been trying to tisms for their children. Feast days and re­ HUNGARY whittle away these advantages. Nevertheless, ligious festivals continue to be observed in A new situation has developed in the wake the relations between the Gomulka regime spite of regime pressures. and the Church are probably better now of last year's negotiations conducted in Bu­ than they had been during the past few ALBANIA dapest and at the Vatican. On January 23, 1969 Pope Paul VI filled ten Church posts in years. Evidence of this is the granting of a The Moslem and Orthodox Churches were Hungary in one of the most sweeping moves passport to Cardinal Wyszynski for his visit purged and their hierarchy "nationalized." to restore Church life in the country. The to Rome. Suddenly it is not quite as difficult The Roman Catholic Church, which ac­ appointments ended a five-year deadlock be­ to get a permit to construct a new church; counts for 10 percent of the population, wa.s tween the Vatican and Budapest and affect it is not as difficult to get a permit for public persecuted by mass arrests of the clergy. All the government of eight of Hungary's eleven processions on holy days. In fact, at a Corpus in all, however, the anti-religious campaign dioceses. However, a Vatican announcement Christi process~on in a village outside of War­ has not fulfilled its objective. In June 1967 saw, the militia were even directing traffic. a meeting of the Party Committee of Gjirok­ made clear that the two sides were still at odds over the status of Jozsef Cardinal But the Communist regime has not with­ astra. dealt with the questions of youth edu­ Mindszenty, who has been in self-imposed drawn from the battle. The regime has re­ cation and stated that it was not justified asylum in the American Embassy in Budapest cently given considerable publicity to what to assume that religion did not exist any since Soviet tanks crushed the 1956 uprising. is believed to be the first civil "christening" more in Albania because churches and The Protestant Churches also had to face of a child in a civil registry office, with the Mosques were closed. On the contrary, re­ regime attacks. In 1967 the Reformed Church authorities bestowing the name on the child ligion was still alive among the people, in­ worked out a new constitution. Only per­ in a completely civil ceremony. The same is cluding the youth. sons approved by the regime belong to the true of marriages--efforts continue to make BULGARIA new leadership. The Lutheran Church is more of the civil signing of the registry book headed by Bishop Ottlyk, whose direct con­ and thus denigrate marriage ceremonies in The Bulgarian Orthodox Church was trans­ church. formed into a "people's Church," serving tacts with the Party are generally known in RUMANIA State interests. The regime created an Ex­ Church circles. archa.te and Partriarchate in order to break LATVIA The era of open religious persecution came off all external connections. According to Latvia ls a predominantly Lutheran to an end a few years ago. The general am­ an article that appeared in the April 18, 1968 country. Of the 287 Evangelical Lutheran nesty of 1964 set free a great majority of issue of Rabotnichesko Delo, the percentage Churches in service in 1937, only 86 remained political and religious prisoners. The octo­ of Orthodox believers declined from 84.89 in open in 1968. According to the regime-sup­ genarian bishop Iuliu Hossu, the only sur­ 1948 to 75.25 in 1962. This could be attrib­ ported Church Yearbook for 1968, published vivor of the suppressed Catholic Church uted to the docility of the Orthodox leader­ in Riga, only 32 pastors are permitted to Hierarchy of the Byzantine Rite, ls still in­ ship vis-a-vis the Communist regime. Al­ perform their duties. Others are forced to carcerated. Otherwise, only sporadic arrests though there was no official Catholic Church do manual labor. The Latvian Baptist Church and trials on religious grounds have been in Bulgaria, the number of Catholics doubled is still administered by 60 pastors. Latvia's staged during the recent yea.rs. between 1934 and l!:l62. In the same period half a million Roman Catholics are serviced Both the State and Church contributed to the number of Protestants quadrupled. The by only 70 percent of the prewar clergy. bringing about the uneasy, but relatively Muslims increased from 13.51 in 1945 to Latvian clergymen· who are allowed to go quiet coexistence. The clergy and faithful 18.88 percent in 1962. Only ten thousand to international gatherings in the free world have painfully learned to limit their activi­ Jews remain in the country. Some 40,000 took do so as a part of Soviet delegations. The ties to strictly religious functions on the advantage of the opportunity to migrate to separation from the free world ls so hermeti­ premises of the churches, and to individual Israel. cal that theology students are never per­ pastoral guidance. Sermons must follow cer­ CZECHOSLOVAKIA mitted to study abroad, and only in a very tain pre-established norms. Even anti­ After January 1968 the relations between few cases have Western clergymen been per­ religious propaganda and indoctrination the State and the Churches improved. The mitted to officiate at church services. have changed their tone by being more subtle and more persuasive. Churchgoers continue churches were permitted to submit their LITHUANIA grievances and demands to the newly ap­ to be tailed, but more discreetly. Children pointed special rapporteur of the cabinet for Eighty percent of Lithuania's 3,096,000 and youths generally are kept busy on Sun­ ecclesiastical affairs, the then Deputy Pre­ people are Roman Catholics. Police action days with "voluntary programs." mier Dr. Gustav Husak. A procedure for re­ against the clergy and the faithful continues. RELIGION AND HUMAN RIGHTS Churches have to pay high taxes. For ex­ habilitation of church leaders unjustly per­ Since religion is one of the factors in the secuted in the past was initiated. As a result ample, the Cathedral of Kaunas has to pay an annual tax of 6,000 rubles. All Church formation of man's convictions and disposi­ of this new atmosphere, negotiations be­ tion, and the Church is a repository of his tween the Holy See and Prague regarding buildings and chatJtels are property of the State for which the faithful must pay high trust and devotion, the resolute efforts of normalization of their mutual relations are the Communist system to divert the action now taking place. rents. Every clergyman must register with the Council of Church Affairs. Priests are of religion and church to the service of its All Christian churches and religious com­ cause is understandable. Church and re­ munities rallied in support of the liberal forbidden to communicate with the lay peo­ p,le or to teach children religion; they are ligion must either serve the Communist sys­ Communist leader Dubcek and President tem, as in the case with the Orthodox Church Svoboda during the seven months of the ridiculed in the press and have no civil redress. in the Soviet Union, Bulgaria and Rumania, "Czechoslovak Spring" (January-August, or the Church must be completely eliminated 1968) and, in particular, during the August According to the law of May 20, 1966 parents guilty of any effort to educ&.te a child from social life. invasion and later under the Soviet occupa­ One-third of the world's population is liv­ tion. This move was spontaneous and sincere, religiously are liable to three years imprison­ since for the first time after twenty years of ment. On June 29, 1968 a new family law was ing under an atheistic system which is ap­ promulgated in LLthuania, requiring ,t>arents plying every possible means to destroy Chris­ oppression the Churches enjoyed relative tianity as well as other religions. This 1s freedom. to bring up their children according to the undoubtedly the most dramatic struggle ever At present, parents reportedly do not have Communist moral code. In the event they witnessed in the world's history of religion. to fear harassment for sending their chil­ do not fulfill this obligation, the children Yet the situation of Ohristianity in the dren to classes of religious instruction. Nor rnay be taken from them, and they would countries within the Communist orbit ls not is there yet any visible anti-religious prop- lose their parental right.a. A student accused without hope. July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21517 Article 18 of the Universal Declaration o! TRIBUTE TO REV. L. B. REYNOLDS HUG-THE-COAST mGHWAY Huma.n. Rlg'b!ts d.ecla.res: "Everyone h'as the ASSOCIATION right to f!l'eedom of thought, conscience and. rellgton; this right includes freedom to HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON change his religion or belief, and freedom OF CALIFORNIA HON. ELIGIO de la GARZA either &Ione or in community with others and 1n public or private, to mainifest his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TEXAS religion or belief in tea.ohing, practicing Wednesday, July 30, 1969 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES woMhip and observance." Wednesday, July 30, 1969 With this in mind, we hope and pray that Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. the time will come when the free nations will Speaker, today I rise to pay tribute to a Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, down effectively help make the Declaration ap­ man on his 80th birthday, a man who at Brownsville, Tex., in the 15th District, plica.ble in the full sense of the word for all has had a long and distinguished career the Louisiana-Texas-Mexico Hug-the­ peoples. Our efforts and energies should be as a minister, attorney, and civic leader; Coast Highway Association met recently directed toward this aim. All freedom, it should be remembered, are secure within the the Reverend L. B. Reynolds of Hermosa and acted to spread the scope of their freed-om o! thought and conscience. Beach, Calif. efforts to include Canada. News accounts Reverend Reynolds has a long list of of the meeting are interesting, forecast­ accomplishments during his 40-odd years ing highway travel that will beckon any­ in the South Bay area. He has been an one who wants to see a large part of A TIME TO CONSIDER attorney for 44 years; also served with this continent from his automobile. The the Southern California Automobile vision of the dedicated civic workers who Club; and served as president of the make up this association is inspiring. HON. G. ELLIOTT HAGAN board of the American Saving & Loan Their efforts should be successful. Think­ OF GEORGIA Association; among others. ing my colleagues might want to read IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He received his license as a minister about the association's meeting and re­ Wednesday, July 30, 1969 of the Assemblies of God in 1932, being spectfully asking my colleagues for any ordained in 1933, and becoming an exec­ aid or intercession in behalf of this en­ Mr. HAGAN. Mr. Speaker, the Screven utive presbyter at about the same time. deavor, I submit the following: County News of my hometown, Sylvania, When, shortly after, the district was HUG-THE-COAST HIGHWAY ASSOCIATION Ga., had an editorial on July 24 entitled, divided into sections, he became the sec­ BROWNSVILLE.-Efforts to establish High­ "A Time To Consider." I feel that you tional presbyter and has remained in way 11 as the longest intercontinental high­ and my other colleagues will concur with this office. He has been a board member way route in the northern hemisphere--from that caption after reading the well-writ­ of Southern California College since 1933 Canada to the Caribbean-took on interna­ ten and provocative article which fol­ when the board was first formed; and tional scope Sunday as officers and directors lows: has been parliamentarian for the South­ of the Louisiana-Texas-Mexico Hug-the­ A TIME TO CONSIDER Coast Highway Association voted to admit ern California District for 28 years, pas­ Canada to mem))ership at the final day of In the last six months we have seen nearly tored the Hermosa Gospel Tabernacle their convention in Brownsville. every kind of demon.stration. The point has from 1932 to 1942; founded the Ambas­ The association has been active in promot­ now been reached at which attempts by the sador Christian Schools in 1958 and has ing new highway construction in Louisiana demonstrators to display ingenuity have lost been president continuously. and a part of Texas to bring coastal high­ their novelty and have simply become dis­ ways up to U.S. Highway standards and se­ gusting. We have had enough. Rev. LeRoy Benton Reynolds, son of John Terry Reynolds and Deborah Ann cure extension and designation of Highway Burning one's draft card is ridiculous. Self­ 11 from New Orleans to Brownsville over immolation is insane. Sit-ins are so common (Spencer) Reynolds, was born August 5, scenic coastal routes in both states. The as to be old-fashioned. Chanting and snake­ 1889, at Roodhouse, Green County, Ill. present designation on travel maps is from dancing in the streets is laughable. Smearing Of a farming family, schooling was diffi­ Montreal to New Orleans. blood, or red ink, on draft board J1ecords cult for young LeRoy as he could only President of the association, E. E. Dough­ shows the mentality of children, as does the attend when not needed on the farm . tie of Bay City, Texas, said the Canadians .scrawling of peace symbols on walls and He managed to get a few months in high have evidenced a keen interest in the pro­ buildings. These are the acts of the imma­ posed international route and have asked ture. school, but when 18, decided to complete his education, entering Tobin College that a delegation visit Montreal to discuss We have no quarrel with the peaceful their membership. picket. We respect every man's right to be where he finished high school training Only a small portion of highway westward wrong. As Jefferson said: "Error of opinion in 2 years. This was followed by 1 year from New Orleans to Port Arthur remains to may be tolerated, where reason is left free at Highland Park College, Des Moines, be brought up to U.S. Highway standards to combat it." and then the University of Iowa. before Highway 11 is designated as an inter­ But the recent trend toward abuse of the As the United States entered World national route down the coast to Yucatan. rights and feelings of others does not fall War I, he interrupted his education and The scenic route down the coast of Texas into the category of "error of opinion". It is already meets U.S. Highway standards and rather a lack of respect for the nation and enlisted in May 1917. His B.A. degree would only have to be re-numbered High­ its citizens. Anyone who would start a dis· was conferred on him while he was at way 11 officially. ruption on the lawn of the White House de­ Fort Snelling, Minn. He was discharged Th·e counterpart of the association in serves the maximum penalty under the law. Mexico had five directors named to the in­ The Chief Executive's home should be shown in January 1919, with the rank of first lieutenant. He promptly made a late en­ ternational board. They are Frank Vallado the respect it deserves. Peniche, Merida, Yucatan; Ruben P. Rojas, The Tomb of the Unknowns is not fair try into the University of Chicago Law Xalapa, Veracruz; Maria B. de Barcena, San game for a band of placard-wavers or loud­ School and in June 1920, received the Luis Potosi; Gilberto G. Rodriguez, Ciudad. mouthed poets. Millions of people visit this degree of doctor of jurisprudence. Dur­ Victoria, and Gustavo Verdalles, federal hallowed spot to pay silent tribute, not to be ing this time he led the Delta Chi Fra­ tourism delegate from the state of Quintana treated to the amateur poetry of a peace Roo. demonstrator. ternity as ''A" man. While there, he met Fernando Heftye Flores, director of Tour­ The Senate chamber is not the proper place Miss Elizabeth Levitt, a cataloger at the for the reading of Bible verses aloud. The use ism for the state of Tamaulipas and a vice­ University of Chicago Libraries, whom president of the La-Tex-Mex. association, has of the holy scriptures as a tool of disruption announced that the highway from Mata­ is sacrilege. Bible reading is for church and he later took to be his wife. He immedi­ individual study. ately took the bar examination and was moros, across the river from Brownsville, is The activities described above have taken now 95 per cent complete down the coast to admitted to the Iowa State Bar. After Vera Cruz. The remainder of the coastal place in just the last few weeks, all in pro­ several positions, he came to California test to our involvement in the war against route to Coatzaooalcos, southermost seaport the communist Viet Cong. Commenting on in 1923 where he accepted a temporary on the Gulf, and up the coa,s,t of Yucatan to the recent reading, on the US Capitol steps, position in a bank in Hollywood until Merida has been linked with a new roadway across the peninsula to Port Juarez on the of the names of American men killed in the he joined a law firm in Santa Monica, Caribbean. war, a Georgia mother, whose son died in but shortly moved to Redondo Beach, In addition to becoming the longest inter­ Vietnam, wrote: "Since these demonstrators Calif., where he opened his own law prac­ could not give full support to our men while continental highway in the hemisphere, they were on the battlefield, they have no tice and bought a home. Reverend Rey­ travelers arriving at Port Juarez will be able right to use their names now to further a nolds had 11 children and is blessed with to make oonneotions with a sea-going ferry cause of their own:• 17 grandchildren. ship to Key West, Fla. Valla.do, delegate from CXV--1356-Part 16 21518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 Yucatan state, announced. The ferry opera­ pointed by the President; however, under SUCCESSFUL NICKEL, DIME, AND tion is expected to start in September, he terms of agreement with the people of QUARTER DIPLOMACY said, with a three-days-·a-week sohedule. Es­ Guam and the Government of the United timated time of tbe trip is approximately 20 hours to Key West, he said. States they will be electing their own Mexico members of the Hug-the-Coast as­ Governor as of 1970. When they have HON. JAMES G. FULTON sociation and two other Mexioo highway or­ concluded this election with the inau­ OF PENNSYLVANIA ganizations attended the convention. In their guration of their popularly elected Gov­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES convention in Matamoros the previous day, ernor, the highest U.S. Government of­ Wednesday, July 30, 1969 the Gulf and Caribbean Association and the ficial will be the government Controller Short Route to Mexioo City group, voted to who is appointed by the Secretary of the Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. ask the Secretary of Public Works to desig­ Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ nate the Mexico route coastal route "11" and Interior and whose duty it is to audit the also will request the Secretary of Communi­ :finances of the government and report marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ cations and Transport to issue a postal stamp to the Governor of Guam and the Sec­ lowing: commemorating the event when Highway retary of the Interior. Presently, Federal STATEMENT OF CUNA INTERNATIONAL, INC. TO 11 is re-designaited from Caniada to the Carib­ income tax is collected on the island COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE bean. with the total amount returned to the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BY J . ORRIN New Orleans has been selected as the next government of Guam to augment their SHIPE, MANAGING DIRECTOR, JULY 30, 1969 convention si-te on February 21 and 22, pres­ local taxes and service the public re­ Mr. Chairman and members of the Com- ident Doughtie announced. quirements of the island. mittee, I am J. Orrin Shipe, Managing Di­ rector of CUNA International, Inc., a world­ Presently, the United States has a SAC wide confed·eration of credit unions and base and a naval base on Guam and credit union leagues in the United States, GUAM up until quite recently there has been the Provinces of Canada and in some 70 no announced plan of major Federal other countries of the Free World. At the end changes. However, Guam is almost in­ of 1968 there were approximately 51,430 HON. RICHARD T. HANNA evitably going to be affected by the credit unions throughout the world with OF CALIFORNIA present administration's policies and some 36 million members. Of this number, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES positions in the Pacific since Guam plays 23,700 credit unions were in the United States with a total membership of approxi­ Wednesday, July 30, 1969 an important role as a logistics support mately 20.8 million. base for the war in Vietnam. Deescala­ CUNA International, as you know, is a Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, as a Mem­ tion of that activity will lower the level contractor under the technical assistance ber of this body consistently interested of such support requirements. On the program of the Agency for International in our Nation's stake and position in the other hand, if in the renegotiations with Development (AID). As a contractor our job Pacific Basin. I think it appropriate to Japan, use of Okinawa is restricted, some is to provide technical assistance for the de­ bring the attention of the Members to expansion of activities would most cer­ velopment of credit unions in certain nations the island of Guam. It is particularly a tainly be seen then on Guam. As a land­ of Latin America, Africa and in Korea. I am timely consideration when one realizes mass Guam has few natural resources. here today to report to this Committee in the interrelationship between our broad general terms regarding our activities The mainstay of the economy is tied to in these areas. We welcome the opportunity country's posture and activities on this military installations and government to give to you an accounting of our steward­ small island as against the winds of activities. ship and accomplishments with the dollars change which may be blowing across our Since 1962 Congress has appropriated you have committed to our care as an AID base activities in Okinawa. I think it is $10 million a year for grants and loans contractor. safe to predict that in the dialog and for public works in Guam to help that Credit union development has been part discussions which will surround the re­ island recover from the effects of World of AID programs in developing countries since negotiations between Japan · and the 1962 when CUNA signed its first contract. War II and the disastrous consequences In 1968 there were 16 countries involved United States in 1971, when our exist­ of the 1962 hurricane. There was. in the in our CUN A/AID technical assistance pro­ ing treaity is up for renewal, the present last Congress authorizing legislation grams-12 in Latin America, 3 in Africa and arrangement on Okinawa will loom large. projecting $5 million of Federal help for 1 in Southeast Asia. Informed minds would logically antici­ private industry expansion but funding Through credit union activity in these pate that Guam could serve as a next of that program has not yet been ap­ countries, ordinary people have been exposed logical point of operation for any activi­ propriated. More recently tourism has to both financial and technical expertise. ties ruled out in the renegotiations in­ expanded substantially on the island. The credit union program has attracted the volving Okinawa. It is important, there­ interest of local governments to a marked Many visitors from Japan have increased degree in many of these nations. The pro­ fore, that there be a thorough under­ the requirements for hotels and restau­ gram has been praised by national leaders, standing of the potentials and limita­ rants and recreational facilities. The international agencies and the Organization tions of this island as affectively serving Guam Economic Development Authority of American States. the kind of needs and security aspects has a 20-year-tax incentive program in­ The credit union program emphasizes self­ presently filled by our presence mili­ cluding a 75-percent income tax rebate. help and democratic organization and is tarily on Okinawa. A look at any map A 1966 Department of Interior economic focused on four principal objectives: would indicate that the landmass is report suggests that there are promising 1. Building capital through mobilization severely limited on the island of Guam potentials in three major areas of private of local savings. and the scope of activities would thereby investment on Guam-tourism, agricul­ 2. Increasing production through low cost be credit, especially for agricultural production. equally limited. tural products for local markets and 3. Developing human resources locally Locationally, Guam is roughly the light manufacturers specializing in the through credit union training programs. same latitude as the Philippines and the use of cheap imported raw materials or 4. Building democratic institutions at local same longitude as Japan. It lies 6,000 semi-finished products which can be and national levels. miles west of San Francisco, approxi­ completed for export. This is attractive I would now like to call your attention to mately 3,000 miles from Hawaii. It is some of the specific accomplishments in because of tariff advantages Guam can these countries in which CUNA provides 1,350 miles south of Tokyo and 1,800 offer as a free port for the importation miles east of Hong Kong. technical assistance under its AID contrac·t. Geographically it represents one of of raw materials and because they are The 12 countries in the Latin American pro­ the most important points of intrusion part of the U.S. tariff zone with special gram now have 2,651 credit unions with exportation privileges to the United 745,782 members. They have accumulated of U.S. interests in the Far East. The savings of over $57 million, and their cumula­ present population is about 100,000, of States. tive loan total to date is $209.3 million. which one-third are military personnel It would be well to keep one's eye on In Africa, the three countries of Tanzania, and dependents. The population has Guam. It will have a key role in the Kenya. and Uganda have over 280 credit recently been growing very rapidly. Its evolving, ever changing, very important unions with 40,000 members who have ac­ government has included a local uni­ position of the United States in the cumulated savings in excess of $1.5 million cameral legislature and a Governor ap- Pacific Community. with over $1 million in loans outstanding. July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21519 In the past year a CUNA/AID program was must agree to save while paying off his loan. cessfully, but in so doing they also prepare initiated in the Republic of Korea. Prior to This induces borrowers through their own themselves for positions of responsibility and that time, there were some 150 credi,t unions self-help efforts to pull themselves out of leadership in other organizations and insti• in existence there. During the year the num­ debt-a great achievement· for a man who has tutions as well as in local civic affairs. Their ber of credit unions was increased to 241. long been burdened by high oost loans from training not only increases the skilled man­ These now have over 31,000 members and usurious money lenders. From the stand­ power pool in each country but it also is a cumulative savings of $345,000 with out­ point of the credit union as a mobilizer of major contribution to a more enlightened standing loans of $330,000 at the end of the savings, this practice has the effect of put­ citizenry who are educated in democratic year. ting credit to work in generating additional governing processes. These statistics in ihemseives are not savings. Such a use of credit has provided We are looking ahead to the objectives: nearly as revealing as the fact that in Latin much of the motivation for the surprisingly first, to the overall improvement of credit America average savings of each credit union large ratio of savings as noted previously. unions to increase their effectiveness; and member amounted to approximately $80- At an early stage of their operation, local second, to the establishment of national a figure which by American standards seems credit unions recognize the need for a na­ credit organizations in these countries to help comparatively insignificant. But the average tional "service" organization. When 15 to 20 provide the necessary expanded resources for individual annual income is slightly less credit unions have been started, their leaders the continued growth and strengthening than $100 a year, especially in many credit usually proceed to organize a credit union of their credit unions. And, finally, we are be­ unions whose members generally come from federation at the national level. Membership ginning the groundwork for the organization the very financially deprived classes. If the in the federation is open to all credit unions and development of credit union federations people of the United States equalled this in the country. Those who join it finance its composed O:f international membership. Our record, I am sure you would agree that we operation with dues. The federation then ultimate objective is to build the credit would have far fewer problems about infla­ begins to furnish its member credit unions union movement in these developing nations tion and tight money! with such services as the training of local into a completely self-sufficient status so In Africa credit union membership nearly officers and members, bonding, insurance, and that it will not be dependent upon outside doubled in 1968, while savings increased by most importantly, "interlending." technical assistance. over 100 % • In the three countries in which In som.e countries, this interlending has al­ At this point I should like to advise the CUNA/AID programs operate the per capita ready established a flow of unloaned capital Committee that the guaranty loan program income is even lower than that in Latin from credit unions of wage earners in urban which has been written into the Foreign As­ America, so the average savings per credit areas to credit union.s in rural areas which sistance Act is now operative within the union member of approximately $40 is even are unable to meet the loan requirements of credit union movement. In the pa.st year the more astounding. their farmer members. This flow in time helps first loan from a United States credit union to The Korean program has been marked by a nation provide more of the domestic capital a credit union in La.tin America was consum­ a 50% gain in credit unions during the past it needs for agricultural development. mated under this guaranty program. We are year with corresponding gains in member­ It will interest the members of this Com­ having some problems in developing efficient ship, savings and loans. Major efforts are now mittee, I believe, to know that right now we machinery for processing such loans but we under way toward the development of na­ are in the process of laying the foundation are now at the stage where I think that the tional credit union legislation and the estab­ for the organization of a Latin American program will soon move into high gear. At lishment of a supervisory agency in that Confederation of Credit Unions which will be this time we are processing applications for nation. comprised of the 12 nations in which CUNA/ some $100,000 in loans from Latin American The statistics which I have just cited are AID programs are operating, plus a few other credit unions and we have high expectati-ons given in more graphic·detail in charts which Latin American nations which have credit that the program will continue to expand as a are appended to my statement and in CUNA's unions and with which CUNA maintains a people-to-people international effort. We are 1968 Progress Report on CUNA/AID programs close relationship. Included in this confed­ most grateful to this Committee for writing entitled "The New Life" which is being fur­ eration is a provision for a central financial the guaranty program into the Act. nished to this Committee. This latter report institution which will provide interlending This statement is but a brief summation has also been furnished each member of the services for credit unions in the nations of the highlights of the CUNA/AID programs Congress in a mailing from my office some which will form the confederation. With very and the significant developments which have weeks ago. little imagination one can see the potential taken place during the past year. While the These advances in Latin America, Africa for international friendship and cooperation accomplishments in terms of dollars and and Korea have been made by people whose which such a federation will undoubtedly numbers of individuals and credit unions incomes were so low that they were not foster. are noteworthy, they in themselves are not thought to have a potential for saving. In In Africa this international cooperation the truly significant factor in the AID tech­ fact, most of the economic and political based on the credit union movement re­ nical assistance program of which we are leaders throughout the world accepted the sulted in the formation last year of the proud to be a part. age-old myth that "poor people cannot save Africa Cooperative Savings and Credit As­ The real achievement of the technical as­ money." In the past, this myth had never sociation (ACOSCA) which we consider a sistance CUNA/AID prgram is the fact that been really tested. major breakthrough in mobilizing savings it is reaching the common man, mobilizing Credit unions have now proved that the in the nations which participate in that As­ his meager financial resources and putting failure of poor people to save has been large­ sociation. Incidentally, I have provided the them to work for the economic welfare of the ly due to the fact that there have not been Committee with copies of a CUNA publica­ people themselves. We are developing eco­ institutions which could provide them with tion, "World Reporter" for May 1969 which nomic know-how for people who have never the opportunities and incentives to save. has a comprehensive account of ACOSCA had the financial resources to break the eco­ Credit unions have repeatedly demonstrated and its formation. nomic bondage which chains them to a sub­ their capacity to reach these people, and to Beyond the tremendous benefits which we standard way of living. mobilize their savings. Regardless of how derive from CUNA/AID programs in these We are teaching them how to manage small the individual savings may be, they add developing nations by mobilizing savings and their own financial resources and how to do up to significant amounts of money when producing more consumer and production it in a democratic manner. The principle of thousands participate in the savings process. credit resources, the credit union program one man, one vote is inherent in credit Thus credit unions not only meet a basic is providing a unique form of training for unions. Every shareholder has as much to need of poor people, but they also give fresh approximately 40,000 people who serve as of­ say in the government of his credit union hope that the less developed countries can ficers, board members, and committee mem­ as any other shareholder. Thus the credit mobilize domestic savings to meet a larger bers of credit unions in these countries. union member learns a vital principle of proportion of their capital requirements. The These individuals are elected to official posi­ democracy-a principle which is making potential for saving of low income groups is tions in every credit union through the demo­ him a more intelligent, independent free­ an invaluable resource of every developing cratic process of one member, one vote. dom-loving citizen. nation. Like other resources, however, it is of Normally these individuals have had no expe­ The legislation proposed by the Administra­ little value until it is converted into an active rience and little training for their responsi­ tion provides a two year authorization in institutional force benefiting both the in­ bilities. However, their election gives them the technical assistance activities in order to dividual who saves and the country of which incentive to develop their potential for effec­ facilitate long-range planning. CUNA strongly he is a citizen. tive service. This is strikingly shown by their supports this concept because it will be of Credit unions make this conversion-a con­ eagerness to participate in various study material assistance to us as an AID con­ version that requires the integrated services programs and training workshops which are tractor in planning our progra:ms and de­ of credit union organizations at the local, na­ conducted to increase their skills. Oftentimes veloping longer-range objectives. We feel tional and international levels. The process credit union activity ls their first and only that this approach will permit us to do a of saving starts at the local level in the in­ experience in even the most elementary better job in acquiring and training the tech­ dividual credit union where credit union forms of financial operations and in the proc­ nical and managerial personnel essential to members pool their savings. With these sav­ ess of Jiandling the government of their an efficient operation. ings the credit union makes loans to its credit union. Mr. Chairman and members of the Com­ members for "provident and productive pur­ The spin-off benefits of this credit union mittee, in CUNA International we sincerely poses." But even these loans are used to en­ training are equally valuable. As directors and thoroughly believe that the technical as­ courage and increase savings for, in order and officers they not only develop the skills sistance program of the Foreign .Assistance to obtain a loan, a credit union borrower necessary to operate their credit union sue- Act is making a major contribution to the 21520 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 solution of probl.ems which have prevented Ing in democra.tic experience to hundreds and and progress. It is a true contribution to the the full development of many of our sister even thousands of our fellowmen; it is open­ advancement of the welfare of our fellowmen. nations. The program is bringing hope to ing doors to greater international coopera­ We in CUNA strongly support the AID people who were hopeless; it ts bringing tion and understanding by building lasting technical assistance program. We respectfully economic independence to people who were human institutions which help create and urge you to continue this human itarian chained to dire poverty; it is bringing train- accelerate the momentum of development effort.

CUNA/AID CREDIT UNION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM iN LATIN AMERICA, AS OF DEC. 31, 1968

South Ame rica Total Gain Period ending- progress (percent) Bolivia Brazil Colombia 1 Ecuador Peru 1 Venezuela 1

Credit unions • •• ______------___ December 1968 ______2, 651 6 217 142 585 234 641 172 December 1967. ______2,496 ------169 135 577 198 641 154 December 1966 ______2, 163 ------156 113 519 190 550 143 Memberships ______December 1968 ______745, 782 18 83, 069 69, 350 80, 215 39, 200 359, 362 23, 895 December 1967 ______630, 357 ------72, 985 55, 000 79, 915 30, 504 300, 000 17 , 300 December 1966 ___ ~------574, 332 ------57, 705 52, 500 78, 300 27 , 000 282, 495 15, 222 Member savings ______December 1968 ___ ------$57, 008, 312 16 $6, 937, 100 $1 , 705, 600 $3, 499, 600 $3, 969, 400 $31, 368, 750 $2, 426, 360 December 1967 ______48, 881 , 972 ------5, 834, 165 I, 500, 000 2, 834, 033 2, 293, 322 30, 000, 000 I, 623, 997 December 1966 ______4, 244, 386 1, 068, 181 2, 671, 819 I, 311 , lll 26, 970, 900 1, 339, 210 Loans outstanding ______December 1968 .•• ______2g:m:i~1 ------g - 7, 426, 600 1, 440, 600 3, 462, 100 4, 901, 400 34, 348, 100 2, 057, 907 December 1967 ______52, 291 , 557 ------6, 266, 084 1, 300, 000 2, 501, 251 2, 716, 380 33, 707, 800 I, 475, 997 December 1966 ______37, 207, 272 ------4, 602, 754 1, 045, 454 2,477, 746 1, 400, 000 23, 324, 900 I, 144, 280 Cumulative loans ______December 1968 ______209,374, 365 ------20, 023, 000 9, 900, 000 18, 626, 000 15, 601 , 000 lll, 237, 670 7, 767, 016 Reserves .• _. ______.•. ______. do . ______._._. _____ . 874, 960 ------193, 650 98, 000 79, 850 57, 860 131, 842 75, 240 Assets ••• ______. __ . do .. ______------66, 696,529 ------8, 388, 000 1, 905, 000 3, 816, 200 5, 873, 000 36, 000, 000 2, 520, 000 Dues paid to federation . .• _----- ______.do ______. 173, 376 ------22, 196 25, 000 (2) 16, 501 66, 113 (2)

Central America Total Gain Period ending- progress (percent) Costa Rica El 'salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama

Credit unions •• ______------______December 1968 ______2,651 6 150 85 105 100 100 120 December 1967 ______2, 496 ------140 93 102 96 80 lll December 1966 ______2, 163 ------116 83 88 72 53 80 Memberships • • ______------___ December 1968 ______------_ 745, 782 18 23, 000 8, 200 16, 900 19, 500 9, 855 13, 236 December 1967 ______630, 357 ------16,396 9, 089 14, 559 14, 496 7, 887 12, 226 December 1966 ______574, 332 ------15, 149 8, 113 12, 028 9, 908 5, 750 10, 162 Member savings ______December 1968 ______$57, 008, 312 16 $2, 300, 000 $320, 000 $360, 141 $1 , 900, 000 $737, 488 $1 , 483, 873 December 1967 ______48, 881, 972 ------I, 794, 422 183, 160 251 , 542 930, 582 470, 600 I, 234, 334 December 1966 ______39, 877, 263 ------1, 175, 360 95, 972 185, 837 490, 532 327, 018 996, 937 Loans outstanding ______December 1968 ______60, 178, 057 15 2, 400, 000 274, 000 295, 276 1, 650, 000 642, 878 1, 279, 196 December 1967 ______52, 291, 557 ------1, 696, 214 127 , 827 207 , 601 768,433 434, 800 I, 089, 170 December 1966 ______37, 207, 272 ------. 1, 429, 625 52, 000 144, 576 382, 437 248, 076 817, 461 Cumulative loans ______December 1968 ______: ____ 209, 374, 265 ---~------7, 500, 000 l, 110, 000 1, 030, 2t2 5, 750; 000 2, 571, 107 8, 258, 260 Reserves . . • ___ . ______• __ . do . · ______. 874, 960 ------128, 300 6,000 13, 535 15, 000 3, 090 72, 593 Assets ... _. __ . __ . ______..do ______•. ____ •. ___ . ___ 66, 696, 529 ------2, 500, 000 340, 000 410, 529 2, 650, 000 793, 737 I, 500, 000 Dues paid to federation ______do ______~- 173, 376 ------9,000 8,722 ( 2) 10, 350 6, 570 8, 924

1 No CUNA/AID program in these countries. 2 Not available.

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND BUSI­ loans are on file with the Small Business Ad- "We give the guys a chance if they have NESS LEADERSffiP PROVIDED BY miriistration. · the incentive and a little gumption to do NEW JERSEY UNIVERSITY This year, with the aid of a $65,400 grant something on their own," he added. "More from the Ford Foundation, to the Rutgers than that, we give them encouragement and Graduate Business School in Newark, Prof. show thelll there is a void they can fill." HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. German plans to initiate an expanded pro­ Prof. German views black-owned shops gram to assist 25 minority group members in and markets as "the way to get real progress OF NEW JERSEY opening their own businesses. in the inner city." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The program is the outgrowth of work Among some of the successful graduates Wednesday,· July 30, 1969 started after the Newark riots in 1967 by of Prof. German's lecture series are a factory Prof. German and Dr. Horace J . De Podwin, worker who, trained as a mortician, converted Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, the Grad­ dean of the graduate business school. They the first floor of his house into a funeral uate School of Business Administration worked closely with the Interracial Council chapel; an upholsterer who formerly worked of the State University of New Jersey has for Business Opportunity and the SBA. as a stevedore, and a dry-cleaner who was 1967 dedicated itself to working with minority SEMINARS SERIES burned out during the riots, but now has groups of entrepreneurs. three stores. Prof. German gave a series of 10 seminars After their first year of graduate school, The school of business administration, to minority group people to give them a Rutgers business students are permitted to under the leadership of Dean Horace J. grounding in the rudiments of profitable work with black entrepreneurs through the De Podwin, has been enormously success­ small business operations and accounting. school's minority group business program to ful in providing technical assistance and To encourage participation, a certificate of get firsthand experience concerning the prob­ business leadership to aspiring black attendance was offered to those persons who lems of a black or Puerto Rican businessman; were present at eight of the ten meetings. businessmen. In addition, he helped some promising "The students see if they can help the business to increase sales by putting into Under unanimous consent I submit students to get special training, assistance several newspaper articles for inclusion operation certain business techniques they and financing to start or expand businesses. have learned," Prof. German said. 1n the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, as follows : None of the applicants had adequate finan­ "We want the student to benefit himself [From the Newark Sunday Star Ledger, cial resources and some of them were flat broke. · and the merchant he is working with, and July 13, 1969] we also want them to see how poor people BLACK CAPITALISTS FIND IT REWARDING IN Nevertheless, local banks and the SBA live and how things are in the real world." NEW PROGRAM made loans available on little more than the borrower's display of ambition to go into "With the Ford Foundation grant," he (By William Harvey) business and some indications of ability to continued, "we can make some studies and Black capitalism is beginning to take root make a go of it. improve our operations. Also we can ask some in Newark, largely due to the foresight and of our former students to come back and join imagination of a Rutgers University business GOOD RESULTS our board of directors where they can make professor and a desire by black citizens to With the help of Prof. German,• and a suggestions and contribute their ideas." improve their lot in life. financial base of support, the new business­ In addition to the Ford Foundation grant, Within the past two years, Professor Louis men began their operations. "Not everyone a $5,000 grant has come from E. I. duPont German has helped to establish 11 black­ was an overnight sensation, but the high de­ deNemours & Company to support the same owned business concerns in the greater gree of success is extremely gratifying," said program. Additional aid from industry is in Newark area, and six· more applications for Prof. German. prospect, Dean De Podwin said. July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ·21521 'These grants will permit Rutgers Uni­ for nine aspiring minority group entrepre­ scribed as the largest in the city, with 46 versity to work more effectively toward the neurs. washers and 15 dryers. The firefighter super­ solution of the most critical problem facing The potential of black capitalism is at vises the operation, when he is off duty. He the nation-helping minority group mem­ hand and its growth is, in some cases, due to employ,s one otp.er person. bers break out of an economic cycle which the foresight of the Rutgers Graduate Busi­ A highly-motivated entrepreneur had generates so much misery and despair," con­ ness School. started several smalil businesses, but saw cluded Dean De Podwin. Rutgers hopes to establish a minimum of them go up in smoke in the Newark riots of 25 minority group businesses each year for 1967. [From the Camden (N.J.) Courier-Post, the next three years, at an annual cost of This serious-minded person is John Mitch­ $50,000, according to Dr. Horace J. DePodwin, ell, 32, of South Orange. July 11, 1969] dean. However, following German's counselling, FORD FOUNDATION GIVES GRANT TO RUTGERS Last week the school was awarded a $65,- Mitchell was granted a loan and started a NEWARK.-The Ford Foundation yesterday 400 grant from the Ford Foundation to ex­ cleaning business at 120 W. South Orange granted $65,400 to Rutgers University's Grad­ pand its program of aiding black and other Ave., South Orange. He now has two other uate Business School in Newark to expand minority group members to go into business. stores, one in Newark and another in West­ to go into business and be profitable. E. I. duPont deNemours and Co., recently field. The grant will support a comprehensive gave a $5,000 grant to support the same Mitchell said that by attending the lec­ program at the business school that links mi­ program. tures he was taught how to make money and nority group businesses with students and The original program was developed by De how to spend it wisely. "I was given the faculty, according to Dr. Horace J. De Pod­ Podwin and Prof. Louis T. German two years strength to help myself and others too," ex­ win; dean of the school. ago in conjunction with the Interracial plained Mitchell. . The program, he said, has already helped Council for Business Opportunity and the He employs 10 persons and opera.tes the ambitious persons with small businesses in­ Small Business Administration. only black-owned business in the South culding a laundromat, a television repair SEMINARS HELD Orange shopping cente ·r. service, a fish market, a funderal home, a The program is the outgrowth of work LeRoy Brickus, a traiined mortician, had meat store, an upholstery shop and a dry started after the Newark riots in 1967, Ger­ once been a factory worker. He now operates cleaning chain. man started a series of seminars for minority his own funeral chapel at 183 Littleton Ave., MANAGEMENT ADVICE groups where the rudiments of operating a Newark. The objective for 1969-70 is to help estab­ small business and accounting were Brickus, 40, said that by attending Ger­ lish 25 new minority group businesses. discussed. man's course, he obtained knowledge that The grant will allow the school to expand Among those who have already established was the "key" to nis success. "It had been but its program of management advice and tech­ businesses, some in areas where the rioting a dream so long," Brickus admitted, "but I nical assistance to minority businessmen in occurred, is Willie Pool, 40, and Wilbur Rich­ had the desire to have something of my own. Newark, Camden, and Paterson. ardson, 31, partners of the Sky-View Radio He received his training at the American Faculty members of the Graduate School and TV Co., 708 Springfield Ave., Newark. Academy in New York and has been in busi­ of Business will offer courses in these cities, Pool said he was inspired to go into busi­ ness since April, 1968. His wife, Marie, who supplemented by technical assistance to new ness 12 years ago when he could not get a is active in civic and social organizations, and existing enterprises. The school will work "break" while employed at a factory in Lan­ said, "It's hard work, but the benefits are closely with the Newark Chapter of the In­ caster, Pa. "I was limited," says Pool, "but in rewarding." terracial Council for Business Opportunity my own business I can push myself and if I Another Newark resident who has estab­ and the Small Business Administration. fail it's my own fault." lished his own business under the Rutgers Pool and Richardson, who is married and program, is Freeman Thomas, a skilled re­ GRANT OF $5,000 the father of two children, repair television frigerator and appliance repairman who ob­ A $5,000 grant has come from E. I. DuPont and radio sets and electrical appliances. They tained a loan to expand his operation at deNemours & Company to support the same also buy sets in need of repair, recondition 504 Springfield Ave., Newark. program. Additional aid from industry is in them and offer the sets for sale as used He received bank financing that helped prospect De Podwin said. equipment. him provide storage facilities for some 3,000 "These grants will permit Rutgers Uni­ HELPED WITH LOAN refrigerators, air conditioners, stoves and versity to work more effectively toward the washing machines. solution of the most critical problem facing The two men attended the Rutgers semi­ the nation-helping minority group mem­ nar on small business and worked with Ger­ "WASN'T MAKING IT" bers break out of an economic cycle which man in September, 1968. The next month the Norris Knott, a Montclair fish merchant, generates so much misery and despair," he school helped them obtain a bank loan for had been in business for a little over a year said. $2,500. Together, they applied for a $20,000 but "wasn't making it." Small Business Administration loan and now He was ready to close his shop at 154 [From the Newark (N.J.) Evening News, gross $45,000 a year, after being in business Bloomfield. Ave., and seek employment, but July 10, 1969) 20 months. instead Knott decided to attend the Rutgers In another case, a man who had a per­ MINORITY Am: $65,400 TO RUTGERS course and he gained advice on better man­ severing, though unsUThe wire service stories in the daily papers ture of Admiral To Be Tom Gregory Ser­ enlisted in the Army a year ago. and the articles in national news magazines wich III. According to his father, Julian Cymbalski, devoted their space to meticulous, blow by While you are at it, give thanks to the of 13426 Justice road, Rockville, Private Cym­ blow descriptions of flag burning, draft good Lord if you have a son like this. balski joined the Army after recruiters prom­ board burglaries, troop train protests, and ised him an assignment with career potential. defense contractor harassment. They have "Those offers are always made on the post­ avoided the word "patriotism" like the ers," Mr. Cymbalski said. "But they're rather plague, but they have not hesitated to take STATE FINANCES IN MISSISSIPPI far-fetched." the protestors' side against the hard-pressed Private Cymbalski wanted to become a police and soldiers. sports writer. He played the outfield in high Remember, during past wars, returning Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY school baseball, but concentrated on bowling and golf when he entered the University of troops were greeted by cheering throngs, who OF MISSISSIPPI grinned and threw kisses? Now, returning Maryland in the fall of 1965. troops are greeted by jeering throngs who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He had planned on entering the University grimace and throw bricks. Wednesday, July 30, 1969 of Maryland's School of J,ournalism. Patriotism is out and "protesting" is the According to his father, Private Cymbalsk1 "in" thing. Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, I felt that "what we are doing in Vietnam was But, thank God, not everywhere-yet. Over would like to point out to my colleagues right, but the way we are conducting it, we the weekend we met a lady who is a patriot ' that it is possible for government to would never win the war." July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21523 Mr. Cymbalski said his son felt that "we energies of the University, the State and Fed­ BUCK ROGERS WAS NOTHING should be fighting the war on our own terms, eral governments, and the business com­ Like Buck Rogers-only more fantastic! by bombing the right places." munity in developing the theoretical under­ Our congratulations are extended a.long Private Cymbalski is survived by his par­ pinnings of an entirely new city which would with those rushing in from all corners of the ents, two brothers, Michael and Steven Cym­ serve as a national proving ground for social, globe · to the first men to set foot on the balski, both of Rockville; and his grand• economic and technological innovation. Moon-Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. "Buzz" mothers, Mrs. Olga Cymbalski, of Brigantine, Perhaps the key phase in describing the Aldrin Jr. and Michael Collins. N.J ., and Mrs. Minarose Pardum, of Clarion, Minnesota Experimental City (MXC) is that Congratulations must go out with equal Iowa. it will comprise an "overleap" in research and enthusiasm to the thousands of people in­ in seeking more alternatives for dealing with volved on the ground floor, both at the Cape urban problems. The most significant opera­ Kennedy and Houston centers and at techno­ tional factor this experimental overleap logical industrial firms throughout the MINNESOTA EXPERIMENTAL would offer would be an opportunity to start country. CITY-I anew without those entangling restrictions The combination of efforts put forth by which impair the viability of our cities today. all of the participants in the Apollo pro­ In short, for the first time in the history of gram has brought about this most amazing HON. DONALD M. FRASER man, we are seeking to build a whole new city step in ma.n's continuing attempt to broaden OF MINNESOTA from an ecological base. his physical and intellectual sphere of ac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This is a project that challenges manage­ tivities. ment-both corporate and governmental-to With special pride we congratulate The Wednesday, July 30, 1969 transform research and technology into Foxboro Company, builders of a multi-mil­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, an exciting reality. It can be the vehicle by which we lion dollar ground support installation which . new venture is being formulated at the overcome today's technological, physical, controlled the temperature of the giant social, and economic impediments to a much Saturn V launch vehicle during the loading University of Minnesota. It is a project healthier urban environment. to study the concept of an experimental of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen fuels. Briefly, the Experimental City could serve It's a truly giant step in the progress of new city in the 250,000 population range, to demonstrate the value of changing social man which has ma.de truth more fascinating in which the human condition would be patterns and would underscore that all tech­ and stranger than fiction by a celestial long improved significantly and where, as a nology must truly serve people, that a city shot. national proving ground, technological must be able to change the unworkable, and that any institution must be responsive to innovations could be demonstrated and the evolving needs of those for which it evaluated. exists. As a center of experimentation, the OUR SPACESHIP EARTH-STANDING The Minnesota Experimental City MXC would become a world-wide mecca for ROOM ONLY (MXC) is to be built in the geographic urban planners, developers, industrialists, center of the North American conti­ educators, students, and the general public. nent-at a location in Minnesota 100 to With the completion of this progress re­ HON. GEORGE BUSH 150 miles from St. Paul and Minneapolis. port on Phase 1, we now move into Phase 2 The city is to be completed by the year of the project, designed to evaluate untried OF TEXAS concepts and systems in a laboratory en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1976 to commemorate the Nation's 200th vironment, experiment with scale models and birthday and to dramatically introduce investigate anticipated problems, including Wednesday, July 30, 1969 the city of the future in just a few short the site location and corporate structure. Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, as chairman · . years. . As Chairman of the Steering Committee, of the House Republican task force on Unlike the model city program-which I am indeed encouraged by the progress achieved to date and by the tremendous en­ earth resources and population, I was is basically an extension of the urban · very interested in reading a newsletter renewal program-and the new town thusiasm and support the MXC has at­ tracted from all sources. The release of this by Congressman UDALL of Arizona. The concept-which is a real estate develop­ report is an auspicious beginning in creating newsletter is extremely well written and ment primarily in the private sector­ further understanding and support of our discusses many of the problems being the experimental city project is a coop­ efforts in the future. The success of Phase 2 investigated by our task force. These erative venture of the public and private will be determined by the degree to which we thoughts on the population problem will sectors in planning· and building a city can build upon the generous support ac­ be of interest to all Members of Con­ without any of the inhibiting restrictions corded the MXC during Phase 1. The Minnesota City could well become a gress and I offer the newsletter for the of present cities. RECORD: The following tentative schedule of major factor in helping to solve America's work has been established: staggering urban problems and we eagerly OUR SPACESHIP EARTH-STANDING ROOM 0NLY look forward to continued progress toward (By Congressman MORRIS K. UDALL) NATURE OF WORK AND DATE OF INITIATION our goal of building the City. In January, I sat in the House chamber Phase 1: Background studies, concept when Tucson's Colonel Frank Borman and formulation, 1967. his two companions of Apollo 8 told a joint Phase 2: Experimental, development session of the Congress of their pioneering work, design or alternative comprehen­ BUCK ROGERS WAS NOTHING adventure to the moon. They described a sive development programs and plans; space that is black, lifeless, hostile, des­ operations planning, 1969. HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER perately cold-a kind of celestial desert in Phase 3: Design of rezoned and com­ whlch man would perish instantly were it munity program and plans; implemen­ OF MASSACHUSETTS not for the complex life-support systems of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the space capsule. Those of you who followed tation and affectuation, 1971. the adventure on television remember this Phase 4: Development of the city, 1973. Wednesday, July 30, 1969 event: As the capsule rounded the dead, Heading a 24-member steering com­ Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. white fa,c.e of the moon last Christmas Eve, mitee is Mr. Otto A. Silha, who is execu­ Captain James Lovell looked from it back to Speaker, the trip to the moon by three the bright blues and rich browns of our little tive vice president and publisher of the American astronauts was an achievement Minneapolis Star and Tribune. planet riding through the emptiness and of mind-boggling immensity, the scope said: With the completion of phase 1 of this of which no single man can hope to em­ "It's awe-inspiring. It makes you realize project, Mr. Silha made the following brace. Perhaps only the liftoff of the just how much you have back there on statement which was contained in the giant rocket from Cape Kennedy, at once Earth. The Earth from here is a grand oasis Minnesota Experimental City Progress a fearful and awe-inspiring sight, can in the blackness of space." Report, dated May 1969: give the human intellect an idea of the His words led me to reflect on our country STATEMENT BY MR. SILHA and our world, and prompt-ed me to write tremendous effort which went into this this essay. For almost three years a great many space flight. Men and women from all prominent Americans have been working on over the world worked for years to attain PESSIMISM ON THE RISE what I consider to be one of the most signifi­ this goal. They deserve our thanks and One of America's great strengths has been cant, far-reaching endeavors ever launched the fundamental optimism of its people, a in this country-an Experimental City for our highest praise. In this spirit, I enter kind of national "can-do" attitude about.any the United States. into the RECORD a tribute to the Foxboro problems the future might hold. The difficult Since mid-1966, when Dr. Athelstan Spil­ Co., one of those groups of people who is done now; the impossible takes a week or haus, former Unive:c.sity of Minnesota Insti­ made the trip to the moon possible. The two. It is this attitude that might explain, tute of Technology Dean, first proposed an following editorial appeared in the Fox­ more than anything else, the $500 billion experimental city, we have harnessed the boro, Mass., Reporter on July 23, 1969: gross national product when I crune to Con- 21524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 gress and the $900 billlon GNP we expect Reduced local, state and Federal taxes; departments reacted by getting deeply in­ this year. less crowded streets, freeways and hospitals; volved in the question of population. Yet, for the first time since the early 1930's, room at the beaches, streams and ski slopes; ALthough there is no way to measure the America seems to have a serious crisis of single session schools and shortened waiting actual effect of the coordination and spend­ the spirit. Large numbers of people are dubi­ lists at colleges; some genuine hope for low­ ing that resulted, the hearings did accom­ ous and skeptical, if not pessimistic, about ered 'crime rates, some measurable progress plish that all-important first step: To the years ahead. Despite all our material against pollution. identify the problem and bring it into the prosperity, there is real questioning about You'd be interested, of course. Now, sup­ open. whether life is really going to be better or pose I told you that it would do these things The discussion continues: more tranquil next year, in the next decade, not just for New York and Los Angeles, but In January, the President's Committee on or for our children. for Phoenix, Houston, Chicago and every Population and Family Planning recom­ My work takes me to various parts of the other area. in the country. Suppose I told you mended that the Federal government expand country each year. It's often inspiring and further that the plan would coSlt almost its family planning services to all American rewarding, but gloom and pessimism are nothing in public spending and involve ab­ women who want them by 1973. It also rec­ much in evidence. The numbers of people solutely no governmental controls, and very ommended that Congress create a perma­ jam.med into our large cities are increasingly little legislation. Furthermore, under my nent Presidential Commission on Popula­ ominous; courtesy is a rarity between stran­ plan you might wake up each morning to a tion. gers; few stop to aid the victim of a rob­ newspaper filled with heartening progress The much-publicized debate within the bery or a heart attack. I see long lines at rather than the calamity of the day. Roman Catholic Church about Pope Paul's ticket counters, restaurants and rest rooms, Well, I have such a plan. I can't be opti­ continued ban on artificial means of birth and I have sweated out a two-hour holding mistic that it will be adopted very soon. control, despite the severity and divisiveness pattern above Chicago's airports. But what It's entirely voluntary and it runs counter of the debate, is a healthy sign. • I see is the obvlous. The problem, we all to some basic attitudes built into our cul­ What can I do, what can you do, and what know, is much deeper. ture. But it ought to be adopted and soon, can government do about this sensitive and Crime rates soar, and no one really has because it is directed at the basic, under­ essentially private matter? I don't believe a solution. Most major cities have schools lying causes of nearly all the problems that that , government can solve this problem, on double sessions. There ls scant progress trouble America as we move into the 1970's. but it can help. I have introduced a bill that toward a racially-integrated society. There Let me say it another way: Livestock ecol­ would do these main things: aren't enough facilities for college applicants. ogists long have been guided by the concept 1. Have the Congress and the President Anarchists threaten the very existence of of the "carrying capacity" of a given tract declare that it shall be the goal of the United universities. of land. They know that a. certain acreage States to encourage, by decent, humane and In just one year, sanitation workers, teach­ Will support 10 cattle. Up to that number, voluntary means, a stabilized United States ers, subway workers and police strike or go the grass will be lush, trees will thrive, water population. This may sound like meaning­ on slowdown protests in New York. Experts will be produced. Animals and plants are ,in less words when actions are needed, but no question whether the city is "governable" balance. But put 20, 50 or 100 cattle on that goals can be reached until a problem is any longer. land and the grass goes a.nd the topsoil identified and a goal determined. At a time when Americans haven't even erodes. The cattle die; the plants die; the 2. Authorize a new presidentially-appoint­ begun to bring under control the pressing productive land itself dies. ed Assistant Secretary of the Interior to co­ problems of the people already crowded into The Earth has a maximum carrying capac­ ordinate research and programs havlng to do cities, we have triggered continuing social ity too. Science does not yet know precisely with the relationship of population growth and economic forces which will shortly jam what it is, but some experts believe that our and its impact on the natural environment. even more millions into those cities. numbers already exceed the critical point. 3. Create a two-year Commission on Popu­ Every major river system in the country Let me give you an indicator. lation and the Environment, composed of is polluted with debris, topsoil, chemicals, We Americans comprise 6% of the world's our most distinguished citizens in private life pesticides and partly-treated or raw sewage. population, yet, because of our wealth, tech­ and public officials, which would, in an im­ Lake Erle has been all but choked to death nology and enterprise, we use almost 40% partial, nonpartisan and scientific manner, on the pollution of our prosperity. The thin of the world's resources. Suppose we could tell the American people the facts about and precious blanket of air that makes cap­ magically bring all the people of the world population growth and its implications, and tain Lovell's oasis possible is pumped full up to our living standards by tomorrow. A offer detailed recommendations. of foulness from our autom.obiles, factories scientist recently computed that the world , Furthermore, bills introduced by col­ and generating plants. would then consume about 20 times the iron, leagues who share my concern-bills that The people of Los Angeles, already paying copper, sulphur, timber, oil and water it would increase foreign aid for birth control record property taxes, were told recently that consumed in 1969. Well, the rub is that the programs and enable every American, with­ the rate would triple in five years, lacking planet does not have 20 times its present out regard to his religious convictions, to tax reforms. A "taxpayers' revolt" is talked usable store of resources. In many instances, have the means to voluntarily limit his fam­ about as Federal, state and local outlays for the margins are very slight. If all the people ily through birth control-will have my schools, hospitals, roads, sewage treatment of the world suddenly began using the same support. a.mount of petroleum products used by each plants and other bas-le services are over­ OLD ATTITUDES PERSIST whelmed with growth. Traffic on a major American, all the known petroleum reserves in the world would be gone in about six I've talked about some limited things gov­ downtown freeway in Chicago was so great ernment can do. But no government will, or that it came to a. standstm the day after years. A GROWING AWARENESS should, ever undertake to tell people when the new highway opened. In Los Angeles to have, or not to have children. The solu­ cabbies make better time leaving the free­ The situation I describe is critical, but is tion, if there is one, must come from individ­ it hopeless? I talk about it because I think way and picking their way through local uals. If you believe, as I do, that this problem streets to the airport. something can be done. A starit has been is our chief concern, that it underlies most I have seen fishJ.ng streams and beaches made. of the world's major problems, begin to talk where one had to stand in line or elbow What was once a subject off-limits to pub­ about it. You can help change some basic somebody out of the way to get to the water. lic discussion has been brought in the past attitudes, for this is where the ultimate an­ I have known farmers and cattlemen who few years illlto the open air of legitimate and swer lies. once took a hoot's pride in allowing their free debate. Presidents Eisenhower and Ken­ nedy both expressed ooncern. "Second only Experts whose judgment I trust believe lands to be used for hunting, picnicking or that nothing we can do in terms of increased camping survey the trash and damage left to the search for peace,'' said President John­ son in 1965, "it is humanity's greatest chal­ food production will avoid widespread famine behind and tack up "no trespassing" signs. in Asia. in the next two or three decades. There's more privacy at Kennedy Airport lenge." Some experts, although they admit to their More recently, we have been told that a than at a campground I visited on a North "green revolution" now going on has so in­ Carolina beach last summer. own optimism, are beginning to detect prog­ ress. The birth rate in the United States cer­ creased crop yields in some of the areas This isn't the whole story of America to­ thought to be in danger that it is outdated day. There are still many places of beauty, tainly is dropping dramatically. There are signs that the birth rate is falling off in some to speak of famine in the 1970s. Well that is quiet and tranquility. There is still a strong good news, but 1! the "green revolution" is feeling of goodwill, and many "welcome" Asian and La.tin American countries. There is no reason to relax, but there is some room not accompanied by dramatic progress in mats are still out. But the things I outlined lowering the birth rates in those countries, do exist. They are the symptoms of a funda­ to hope. A giant step in the area of public debate the problem has only been delayed, not mental disease which must be recognized and solved. No one can predict what political treated or it will get far worse. was taken in 1965 when former Senator Ernest Gruening of Alaska, a courageous consequences will arise from this. As for me, I A PLAN OF ACTION man, opened Senate hearings on his bill to cannot conceive of millions of people­ If you don't like the picture I have Just establish offices of population in both the people who through mass communications painted, try this one. Suppose I told you that Department of State and the Department of have been given a new, deep thirst for the I have a plan which would guarantee to Health, Education and Welfare. quality of life you and I enjoy-resigning New York and Los Angeles Within a few I introduced a companion bill in the House themselves to starvation without making a years: and, although the bills did not pass, both fight for life. July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . 21525

THE ECOLOGY OF MAN are ominous. There is reason to believe that man relationships, traditionally outside pub­ Man is much more than the other animals. much of the increased crime, mental illness lic concern. There · are religious attitudes, His brain is so much larger; he has a soul and some of the other things I have talked also, and this is an area. I decline to enter. and a conscience. But man, like the other about may be products of an overcrowded Each American is entitled to be respected animals, is a product of Earth, subject to her and overcomplicated existence. for his individual beliefs. Until and unless laws, and he must have a continuing rela­ And the total population spirals upward Catholic doctrine on this subject changes, tionship with the outdoors, with nature, or at an ever accelerating rate. It took us 180 we can only encourage Catholics to use he loses sight of his place on Earth. He must years to go from four million Americans to church-approved methods of birth control realize that he can tinker only so much with 200 million. By the year 2000 we will have and direct some of our research to improving the delicately tuned machinery of this hit 318 million. Since 1950, the world has and making more reliable those methods that planet, or he will destroy himself, and the added one billion people. And since I wrote are sanctioned. planet. that 1965 newsletter, the world's population Other people, particularly black militants, has increased by at least 250 million, or, put see the population movement as "ge~ocide," Here is my plan: another way, by a number greater than the Americans, voluntarily and openly, must directed at minorities. The fact is that un­ 1965 population of the Soviet Union, or all controlled population growth will eventually face the fact that most of our tensions and of Africa, or all of Latin America. our failures are directly due to an unre­ wipe us all out, black, white, yellow and There was no political reason for com­ brown. Besides, most of the U.S. population strained, spiraling population growth. Every paring four and one half years of growth to family with two or more children would make explosion is the result of 180 million whites the Soviet Union-the two numbers hap­ having two or three children too many rather a personal, voluntary decision to have no pened to be convenient comparisons-but in more children. Every couple with no children than 20 million blacks having three or four looking back over the preceding sentence, I too many. Indeed, one of the myths recent­ or one child would voluntarily agree to stop think it does more than I first intended it with the second. ly exposed is that of the "unwanted child." to do. Planned parenthood movements worked for Having done this, we would use science and It suggests the truly frightening course technology and the resources of governm~nt years on the premise that a solution would down which we humans are hurtling. occur if we could just insure that every to thin out the cities by making it attractive If an ultimate calamity were to befall for industries and people to voluntarily re­ child born was a wanted child. We now know mankind-and in nuclear weapons we have that even if that goal were achieved, the locate in smaller, middle-sized communities, the tools to manufacture such a calamity­ where people still can be a blessing, not a population explosion would not be checked. chances are it will be population, not poli­ It is the wanted, sometimes badly wanrt-ed, burden. We would do for this country the tics, that will have to be blamed. In short, one thing which I believe would bring back fourth, fifth or eighth child that makes up of the two problems, population and the the bulk of our annual population increase. tranquility and a permanent strength: Sta­ Soviet Union, population scares me more. If bilize Our Population. In fact, an organization called Large Fami­ the world could solve, somehow, the problem lies of America, Inc., actually boasts that 23 % My plan would be helpful on the inter­ of overpopulation, our problems with the of America's family raise over 66 % of Amer­ national scene as well. Our ambassadors Soviet Union, or any other country or ideol­ abroad tell us that it is hard to sell U.S.-sup­ ogy, would be more easily coped with. ica's children. ported birth control programs to other na­ I believe, as a matter of fact, that virtually For reasons that are simple and under­ tions. One of the criticisms they get from all of our problems either stem from or are standable, the large family has a firm place foreign governments is that the U.S. hasn't intensified by the sheer numbers of people in our history and folklore. As one of six done very much to solve its own problem­ that are now crowded into the limited living children-and the father of six m ,'>re--I so why should it be peddling programs for spaces of our Earth. For example: know the special delights and satisfactions others? If we were to stabilize our population, It does not take such imagination to see of multiple brothers and sisters, especially we would be the first nation to show the that the foundation of war can be laid in the in a rural environment. Until this century, world that the problem can be solved-and Asian mud of prospective famine. the nation was underpopulated. Empty that, it seems to me, would give a tremendous The specter that Latin America's hundreds lands awaited exploration and exploitation. uplift to other nations which are approach­ of millions will double within the next gen­ When my grandfather first came to Arizona, ing the population problem half-heartedly, eration cannot spell anything but turbulence a family desperately needed a home full of if at all. and misery-the very atmosphere that in­ growing boys and girls; a small community grew stronger and better with more people. EFFECTS OF OVERPL>PULATION vites the spread of Castroism-for decades to come. New settlers and large families were wel­ The dreary statistics of the population ex­ It is obvious to me that the destruction of comed, encouraged and honored. Our scrip­ plosion have been repeated many times. Some wilderness and natural beauty and the pollu­ ture, our literature, our culture-and our of them were covered in my 1965 newsletter, tion or poisoning of soil, air and water are tax laws-urged us on. "A Time Bomb Called Population." Since I caused by man's numbers overwhelming, at But, recognizing all of this history, we wrote that newsletter we have added to our the very time he needs it most, the delicate must also face the fact that the time is population 9.5 million more Americans. Last base of nature that sustains him. rapidly approaching when a large family, year alone there were 3.5 million births and In America, the problems of poverty, racial whatever its comforts to the home or the 440,000 additions through immigration, more strife, transportation; the rotting of our cen­ ego, may be a disaster to the community, than offsetting 1.9 million deaths, for a net tral cities and the formless and ugly sprawl the nation and the world. As James Reston increase of 2 million in our population. This of urbanization-all so debilitating to the in­ said some years ago, "The history oj man­ is easy to write, but difficult to comprehend. dividualism that our oountry cherishes-can kind is strewn with habits and creeds and These Americans are not just statistics; they be traced directly to the problem of overpop­ dogmas that were essential in one age and are people. They have children and bu.ild ulation. disastrous in another." houses. They want to go to the mountains Yet, while the United States spends bil­ We face another fundamental American at­ or the park and on the same day that you do. lions of dollars at all levels of government titude also: the myth that growth is good They take the freeway to work in the morn­ and in foreign aid programs in an attempt business. For 150 years more people truly ing and their children want into the same to grapple with individual problems, we still meant more prosperity, more markets, more colleges and schools as yours. They get sick, are doing little to get to the basic problem. opportunities for everyone. Businessmen and and need doctors and hospitals and at the I take that basic problem to be: their communities were built on the doctrine same time as you do. Each adds 120 gallons How can we-humanely and with a regard that bigger is always better. If Arizona ~th a day to the local sewage treatment plant for basic human rights-stabilize the world's two million people is good, the reasonmg and four pounds of solid wastes to be dis­ population? goes,. Arizona with 20 million people will be posed of and 1.9 pounds of air pollutants. For, if we do not, it will surely stabilize it­ ten times as good. In terms of quality of life, Each throws away 250 cans and 135 bottles self through catastrophies that may threaten this kind of thinking is dangerous nonsense. or jars a. year, and you see some of this pro­ the very existence of all mankind. One thing The kind of informal, outdoor. neighborly, duction every time you go to a beach or walk is certain: The world's population cannot spacious kind of life which brings so many in a neighborhood park. You wait for some continue to grow at its present rate. We are people to our state would be an inevitable of them at the golf course, the national park, not going to put more people on Earth than casualty of unlimited growth. There would be the local lake, the bus stop or the local the Earth can sustain. If birth rates do not in Arizona more signboards than saguaro, supermarket. fall, death rates will rise. more cars than cottontails, and neon will Individually, they are mostly fine people. There are those who say that science will long have replaced starshine in the desert. But you never get to know them as friends. rescue us, that the world can support al­ They are in your way; they make life a little most unlimited numbers of people. Although LIFE IN A "CLOSED SYSTEM" more difficult. And you and I get in their way modern science has done fantastic things, I In the last 10 years, the great conservation and cause them inconvenience in return. would answer that there are things it can not movement has really come alive. A national Some scientists are beginning to suspect do and will never do: Science cannot add one wilderness system has been established. We've that dangerous and unknown stresses occur square foot to the surface of this planet; added millions of acres to our national par.ks. on human beings when they are overcrowded nor can it add a ton of coal, a pound of Seashores and lakeshores have been set aside and subjected to the strains of complicated uranium, a barrel of oil, or a glass of water. for recreation and wildlife. A huge Federal overlapping relationships. They know what We are faced with a formidable set of fund now helps cities and states buy park and happens to animals when they overpopulate hostile attitudes. First, we deal with an ex­ recreation lands before they are bulldozed. their habitat, and the implications !or man tremely personal and sensitive area of hu- We have saved a few wild rivers. Despite all 21526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 this, future generations may never find the their conventions. Mrs. Lawton wrote to school for Hungarian refugees. In 1961 outdoor areas every man needs for solitude Miss Fackler. describing the first time he and his wife arrived in the United and recreation and self-awareness-unless we the pledge was given in Washington: States where he has taught American somehow bring this population growth to a halt. Perhaps the world can find space for All the distinguished men and women in children with a rare perspective, for Mr. some kind of existence for 10 or even 20 bil· the East were there and he (Gen. Brecken­ Baranski knows how priceless is free­ lion people instead of the 3.5 billion we have ridge) had the children give the salute, dom. He knows how sustaining religious today. But what of the quality of that life? which was beautiful and impressive and cre­ faith can be. He knows how tenuous is And the relationship of those people to the ated much praise, enthusiasm, and applause. the veneer of civilization. It is important Earth that supports them? It was mentioned as coming from the Cali­ that America's youth be aware of this Which brings me back to Colonel Borman fornia children. I thought you would like to know it, since it is all owing to you. and it is startling how many are not. and Captain Lovell and their spaceship to the To his students and to the people of moon. Scientists call such a craft a "olosed Thus the imagination and devotion of system," meaning that everything needed for the Albany area, Mr. Baranski brought a long voyage must be carried on board. one faithful schoolteacher led to the that awareness. He brought it through Nothing can be thrown away. On long voy­ custom of pledging allegiance to the flag his classroom work, through a radio pro­ ages everything-even human wastes-must on all patriotic occasions. gram, and through his poetry. One such be recycled and reused. The Earth is a closed This daily pledge gave the children of poem was "The New American Creed." system too. It is our spaceship, and it has Miss Fackler's classroom and those chil­ He composed this fine tribute to America everything on board that we will ever have-­ dren who have followed the respect due and used it on his radio program of all the air, water, metal, soil and fuel. Unlike to this country through its flag. By the July 4, 1968. It is primarily this which Apollo 8, however, our spaceship Earth takes on more passengers all the time. At some Pledge of Allegiance to the :flag in the brought him to the attention of the point, it's got to stop taking on passengers, classroom, children across the Nation Freedom Foundation. I would hope that or the trip is going to be a lot shorter than became aware of our country's greatness, it would bring him to the attention of all any of us believed. a greatness which allows them to live Americans. His very life is a symbol of Somehow, I ca,n't help but believe that if in freedom to and gives them a right of religious faith and devotion to liberty. In all mankind could see the Earth as Lovell a good education. It was through the and of itself, it should inspire us all. saw it from the far side of the moon last efforts of Miss Fackler that these chil­ I include in the RECORD that poem, an Christmas Eve, we'd change our attitudes and dren have been made more aware of article from the Knickerbocker News of our policies. their great country. It is a privilege and We would again realize that here, on our February 22, 1969, and a copy of the cita­ ••grand oasis in the blackness of space," it is an honor for me to acknowledge Miss tion awarded Mr. Baranski by the Free­ man's relationship to his environment and to Fackler's achievements and I do so with doms Foundation at Valley Forge: iall other living things that will determine great pride. NEW AMERICAN'S CREED our survival and our happiness. (Written and read to the public by Tibor Baranski, on the WKOL radio, Amster­ dam, N.Y.) TIBOR BARANSKI AND THE 1968 I believe in God, our Heavenly Father, THE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE VALLEY FORGE TEACHERS MEDAL Father of each individual and of every na­ OF THE FREEDOMS FOUNDATION tion. I believe that the United States of America HON. JERRY L. PETTIS was founded by God and by the people which OF CALIFORNIA HON. JOHN WOLD represented divine principles, namely the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF WYOMING principle of freedom, equality, justice, hu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manity, and the most important principle Wednesday, July 30, 1969 of individual and human life: LOVE. Wednesday, July 30, 1969 I believe that God wanted the American Mr. PETI'IS. Mr. Speaker, I would like Forefathers to establish this nation to be­ to honor the memory of Miss Mary Mr. WOLD. Mr. Speaker, the Freedoms come an outstanding example for the world Fackler of Redlands, Oalif ., who was the Foundation at Valley Forge is one of the by realizing the above principles. first teacher to have her classes salute foremost defenders of our national his­ I have to believe by the enormous number the :flag on a daily basis in our schools. tory. Eacp. year the foundation makes of the daily crimes and treasons committed Her tremendous patriotism is to be com­ awards to citizens who have made out­ by several members of our society that we mended and admired in her memory. standing contributions to that defense. are on the way to destroy our nation by be­ The idea of the salute of the :flag was In 1968 one such coveted award, the coming faithless to the ideas and practice of Valley Forge Teachers Medal, was pre­ our Forefathers. started as paTt of the celebration of Co­ But I just believe firmly that by the help lumbus Day in Boston in 1892, the 400th sented to Tibor Baranski of Albany, N.Y. of God and the responsible citizens we can anniversary of the discovery of America. Mr. Baranski teaches Latin at Albany stamp out the crimes and wrongdoings, the A man named Francis Bellamy, who Academy and he brings to that role a treasons and crooked actions of educators, was on the committee of arrangements background which few Americans share, politicians and of others, and we can become for the celebration, originated the salute a perspective which uniquely qualifies again a free nation in spirit and atmos- and used it as part of the Columbus Day him to instill in his students a love of lib­ phere ... We can become equal in rights and erty which many people of the world duties ... We can practice justice and hu- celebration. manity· in divinely human sense, and become Someone sent a program of the affair, share, but few have the high privilege of protectors of our principles here in the which included the salute, to Miss Fack­ realizing. United States and in the entire world, among ler, a teacher of the primary grades in Of Polish extraction, Tibor Baranski ourselves and among all nations! Redlands. She was deeply impressed with was nonetheless a native Hungarian. At Albany, New York July 4, 1968 the significance of the salute and t,aught an early age he was both poet and Boy it to her pupils. She used it as an incen­ Scout, a combination extremely rare; but [From the Knickerbocker News, Feb. 22, tive to good behavior, having the chil­ then Mr. Baranski is a rare man. Dur­ 1969] dren give the salute at the end of a day ing World War II, he helped more than ALBANY EDUCATOR , GIVEN FREEDOMS AWARD when no one had. been absent or tardy; 3,000 Jews to escape from the Nazis. At VALLEY FORGE, PA.-An Albany, N.Y., pri­ and a child who had done especially well the end of the war he himself was taken vate school teacher who was a Hungarian prisoner by the Soviet Army. Released, freedom fighter in the 1956 revolt is among in his work was allowed to hold the :flag. winners of awards announced here today by Among the pupils in the school were his freedom was short lived. Freedoms Foundation. the three children of Lt. Col. H. W. Law­ In 1948 he was arrested by the Com­ Tibor Baranski, 46, of 5 Ten Eyck Avenue, ton. On one occasion their friend, Gen. munists and sentenced to 9 years in a Latin teacher at the Albany Academy, was Joseph C. Breckemidge, was with the prison, of which he served 5. In 1956 he honored for his "New American's Creed." Lawtons in Redlands and Mrs. Lawton joined with his fellow Hungarians in Annual announcement and presentation took him to visit the children's school. their gallant effort to cast off the Soviet ceremonies are conducted here on George General Breckenridge was much im­ yoke. Mr. Baranski was sent abroad to Washington's Birthday. This year is the 20th anniversary of the national and school pressed by the Pledge of Allegiance to secure help for the freedom fighters­ awards program of citations for "outstanding the :flag as Miss Fackler had her pupils help which did not come. The valiant at­ achievement in bringing about a better un­ do it. And on his return to Washington, tempt failed and Mr. Baranski could not derstanding of the American way of life." D.C., he introduced it to the Sons and return to his native land. Mr. Baranski was named winner of a Valley Daughters of the Revolutions at one of Going to Rome, he sta1·ted a camp and Forge Teachers Medal Award. July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . 21527. He first a.ired his creed of goals for Ameri­ amend a section of title 10 of the United Mr. Speaker, as a part of my remarks, cans · July 4 on WKOL radio station in States Code pertaining to the presenta­ I would like to include an article from the Amsterdam, where he broadcast a summer tion of U.S. flags to the next of kin of Columbia, S.C., Record, written by Mr. program. Ray Benson, as follows: For Mr. Baranski, todays' award is not the servicemen killed in battle. first. He holds a special commendation letter Recently I had the sad duty, as we all TOP NAVY RECRUITER IN AREA WILL RETIRE from the Vatican City diplomatic representa­ have, of providing a U.S. flag for the HERE NEXT WEEK tive to Hungary for his work as executive widow of a soldier from my district who (By Ray Benson) secretary of the Jewish protective movement lost his life in combat in Vietnam. De­ The United States Navy loses its No. 1 re­ in Budapest. Tht: citation credits him with sirous of presenting a second flag to his cruiter in these parts July 31 when Master helping to protect more than 3,000 Jews from bereaved parents, I found that there are Chief Boatswain's Mate Arthur F. Quesin­ Nazi forces during World War 2. no provisions for this under the current berry retires after 30 years service. In November, 1948, Mr. Baranski was ar­ It During the last fiscal year, ending June rested by Hungarian Communist forces and law. merely says that a flag shall be 30, Quesinberry's Columbia, S.C. District was sentenced to nine years in prison for spying presented to the surviving spouse or first in all naval recruiting for the south­ and conspiracy. Of 30 imprisoned at the time, nearest kin. My bill would amend this eastern states, "selling the navy" to 2,500 two were executed and another died. rule so that a second flag would be pro­ enlistees. "Of course, this was the greatest Mr. Baranski entered prison speaking eight vided for the parents, stepparents, or year this area has ever had," he said. languages and understanding five others. But person who has acted in a parental ca­ Quesinberry•s rank is equal to sergeant no foreign languages were permitted during padty. major in the U.S. Army, "or E-9 in military his five years of incarceration. Today he re­ jargon," and following his being "piped off" tains speaking knowledge of four languages The flag, especially during those tragic the federal courthouse steps on Thursday. and understanding of two others. He was re­ days which follow the announcement of he will go to work in the city engineer's office leased after the death of Russian Premier a serviceman's death, serves as a mean­ as a file clerk. Josef Stalin. ingful token of our Nation's deep grati­ "Normally, you are piped off a ship, but In 1956 came the abortive Hungarian revo- tude for the sacrifice made on the field since I don't have one, it will be on the court­ lution. of battle. It has a precious meaning for house steps by my relief, MCBM Robert M. Mr. Baranski commented on his role: "A the parent as well as the wife and I like Meek Jr. All of my family will be there, man who comes from afar can say anything, dressed in red, white and blue." but this is the truth ... I was not a leader, to think that in some small way it Quesinberry, who has "dealt with a lot of but I was in a very serious position about demonstrates they are not alone in their public relations while in the Navy,'' is 49 three blocks from the center of the revolu­ grief and that all of us throughout the years old, "so I got in fairly early in life." tion in Budapest." Nation share in their mourning and A native of Hillsville, Va., he enlisted in He later went abroad to seek foreign as­ prayers. Richmond early in 1940 and saw service in sistance for the revolutions, was notified that More than 50 of my colleagues have both the Atlantic and Pacific. the attempt had failed, and eventually came joined me in the cosponsorship of this While in the Atlantic, he participated in to the United States. Translation is now the first amphibiou5 invasion of North underway on his book: "Twelve Years of proposed amendment and I would earn­ Africa. Hungary in the Mirror of My Life." estly ask for your support in seeking "I lost my ship, the USS Edward Rutledge, Mr. Baranski's family lives in Buffalo and quick approval of the change. off the coast of Casablanca. It was torpedoed. he vtsits them on weekends. He explained In 1943 I went to the Pacific on a tanker that his wife's work on anti-cancer research and spent the rest of the war in that area. as an enzyme chemist at the University. of I've been on more than a dozen ships, and Buffalo keeps them separated. three staffs. I've also served under five dif­ ARTHUR QUESINBERRY ENDS DIS­ ferent commanding officers while in Colum­ FREEDOMS FOUNDATION AT VALLEY FORGE TINGUISHED NAVAL CAREER bia." A noble task chosen by free men and Quesinberry, who has been with the U.S. women is the self-effacing strenuous work Navy Recruiting Service in Columbia for nine Of teaching with humility and enthusiasm HON. ALBERT W. WATSON years, first came to the capital city in 1957 the tenets of individual responsibility, per­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA for a four-year stay. He was assigned to Mine sonal liberty, and love of country. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Squadron 10 in Charleston in 1961 and was Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge, at a commander of a sub-division of mine­ the instruction of its distinguished inde­ Wednesday, July 30, 1969 sweeping vessels. pendent Awards Jury, for high devotion to "My ship was the escort of the battleship our Republic's heritage, hereby confers the Mr. WATSON. Mr. Speaker, on Thurs­ North Carolina when it was enshrined at 1968 Valley Forge Teachers Medal on Tibor day a distinguished career in the U.S. Wilmington. I went with two other ships Baranski. Navy will come to a close when Master before coming back to Columbia in 1964 with Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge ls Chief Boatswain's Mate Arthur Quesin­ the recruiting service again. The last five privileged to convey this recognition to one berry retires after 30 years service to his years I have been the 'sales manager' for sell­ who has made a notable patriotic contribu­ country. ing the navy, I have 37 men working in.that tion to youth leadership in the highest tra­ The U.S. Navy has always been a field, so I've done very little recruiting my­ dition of our free Nation. self in recent years." The dogwood design, emblematic of the strong and viable force because of men As chief recruiter for the Columbia station, profound teachings of the Father of our like Chief Quesinberry. His love of coun­ he was in charge of branches in Florence, Country, George Washington, at Valley try and devotion to duty have served as Greenville, Greenwood, Rock Hill, Spartan­ Forge, symbolizes fidelity to constitutional an inspiration to literally thousands of burg, Charleston, Asheville, N.C., and Augusta principles so dramatically illustrated in the young men who have followed his lead and Savannah, Ga. life and works of this honored teacher. and joined the Navy. His final tour of Quesinberry, father of four, says, "Colum­ Long after this medal ls laid a.way and duty was as a recruiter for the Navy in bia is a good place to retire. My family has the language of this citation forgotten, the Columbia, S.C., which is in my congres­ been in South Carolina, either here or ini values of this teacher's work in behalf Of Charleston, since 1952." · the Amerlca.n Way of Life will live fOT the sional district, and his success at recruit­ future through the lives and actions of boys ing has already become legendary in the and girls grown taller and older. Navy. Dr. KENNETH D. WELLS, I am proud that Arthur Quesinberry REPORT TO CONSTITUENTS President. has decided to spend his retirement in Columbia. Like so many of our brave servicemen who retire, Chief Quesin­ HON. WILLIAM LLOYD SCOTT berry will not have too much time for OF VIRGINIA FLAGS FOR PARENTS OF SERVICE­ relaxation because he feels that the pub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MEN KILLED IN COMBAT lic can still benefit from his experience. He is going to work for the city of Co­ Wednesday, July 30, 1969 HON. JAMES F. HASTINGS lumbia immediately after being "piped Mr. SCOTT. Mr. Speaker, in an effort OF NEW YORK off" board. to keep constituents informed of congres­ sional activities, I send a monthly report IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I salute Chief Quesinberry on this mo­ mentous occasion in his life. Our Na­ to all residents of the 8th District of Vir­ Wednesday, July 30, 1969 tion stands stronger this day because of ginia who indicate a desire to receive it. Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, today his patriotism; courage, and devotion to It may be that the membership of the I have introduced a bill which would freedom. House will be interested in our August I '21528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 issue which will be mailed later this week. they have not ordered and do not wish to use reduced if the government lives within its A copy is inserted at this point in the or keep. Mailing unsolicited credit cards to self-imposed ceiling. Certainly moot people pe:rsons who have not requested them ap·­ were glad to see the budget surplus of $3 .1 RECORD for their information: peaJ.'.s to be contrary to public interest and, billion for the 'fiscal year ending June 30. YOUR CONGRESSMAN BILL SCOTT REPORTS therefore, I have joined in co-sponsoring a There are programs of vital concern to our Census bill favorably reported: The full measure providing that unsolicited credit district and the country at large which we Committee on Post Office and Civil Service cards and similar documents shall be con­ would hesitate to reduce. But I want to co­ favorably reported H.R. 12884 which would sidered nonmailable by the Post Office De­ operate as fully as possible with the Presi­ remove the penalty of -imprisonment for partment and shall be withdrawn from the dent in his effort to continue a balanced failure to answer or to falsely answer a census mail under such regulations as the Post­ budget and still meet the essential needs questionnaire, while, at the same time, in­ master may prescribe. of the country. creasing the penalty on any government em­ House passes retirement measure: The Academy appointments: Recently, 16 ployee disclosing information obtained government employees' Retirement Bill H.R. young men who had been nominated and through the Census. These provisions of the 9825, was passed by the House on July 23 and accepted to enter our service academies this bill will be · effective when the measure is the following day the Senate Subcommittee year visited the office with their parents. Cer­ signed by the President. However, the bill on Post Office and Civil Service approved an tainly, I am pleased that we were able to also provides that subsequent to the 1970 identical bill. So the prospect of the measure place this large number from our district Census, the Secretary of Commerce must becoming law this year is very favorable. The although it will further limit appointments submit all questi9ns contemplated to be primary purpose of the bill is to stabilize the for the next few years. However, if someone asked in the future to the Congressional Retirement Fund so that money will be in your household is interested in being con­ committees having legislative jurisdiction available when needed to provide annuities sidered for the Army, Navy, Air Force and over the Census for their approval, rejec­ to retirees. In order to make the fund finan­ Merchant Marine academies, please let us tion or revision. Inasmuch as the forms for cially sound, the government will pay inter­ know promptly so that we can send you an the UJ70 Census are already being printed, est on the unfunded liability and the con­ application to be filed before September 1, and definite plans made, the Census Bureau tribution of both government and employees 1969 for the school term beginning in June strongly urged that no change be made in will be raised from 6% to 7% effective Janu­ 1970. the questions this year. The Committee also ary 1, 1970. Had no action been taken, the Something to ponder: These days a child felt that it would disrupt orderly procedure Civil Service Commission estimated that the who knows the value of a dollar must be and be very costly to insist upon a change fund would have become bankrupt in 1987. mighty discouraged. in the questions at this late date. As you The act also provides for annuities to be know, extensive hearings were held by our computed on the basis of salaries for the subcommittee, including one in the town highest 3 consecutive years o! service rather of Vienna, and there has been a difference of than the highest 5 years of service; that an TWO BUFFALO, N.Y., AREA MEN RE­ opinion expressed between the population employee who meets the age and service re­ CEIVE CITATIONS FOR HEROISM generally and those who utilize the census quirements for immediate retirement will statistics for governmental and business pur­ be able to add unused sick leave for the pur­ poses. The bill, as reported, is somewhat of pose of computing his annuity; that when HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY a compromise between the different points cost-of-living increases are granted to re­ of view and is aimed at protecting the pri­ tirees, an increase of 1 % will be added to OF NEW YORK vacy of the census questionnaire and having the annuity to compensate for the lag be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Congress oversee the questions asked. It tween the time when the increase occurs Wednesday, July 30, 1969 is expected that this measure will come be­ and the time it is actually paid; and permits fore the House very shortly under 'suspension a widow or widower of a retiree to remarry Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, as the of the rules. without losing his or her survivor annuity. longest and most costly war in the Jerry Ford luncheon: About 35 business These are measures long desired by federal history of this Nation lingers on, we and civic leaders from the Eighth Congres­ employees. must .not forget that hundreds of thou­ sional District recently joined me for lunch Publications available: We have the fol­ sands of our brave men risk death daily with House Minority Leader Jerry Ford and a lowing Agricultural bulletins available for representative of the White House. These distribution. Please let us know the names in defense of our national policies. The men expressed concern about taxes, the econ­ of any you would like to receive. fact that there are as many critics of omy and the rapidly shrinking American Home canning of fruits and vegetables. our involvement in Vietnam as there are dollar. In a two-way exchange of views, they How to make jellies, jams & preserves at supporters only underscores the difficul­ were not only able to learn administration home. ties that confront our soldiers. Still these plans but to convey their own views on cur­ Planning your home lighting. men fight on with the courage and con­ rent problems to a number of Congressmen. Mildew. A recent bill: Recently I joined with a Home heating. viction that has been the mark of Amer­ number of members in co-sponsoring H.R. Family fare. ica's fighting men since the founding of 12899 to prohibit a federal judge from prac­ How to buy beef roasts. this Nation. Western New Yorkers have ticing law while serving on the bench or Food guide for older folks. long been known for their promptness receiving compensation of any kind for serv­ A guide to budgeting for the young people. in responding to the call to duty and ices performed by him other than his judicial Distric"t office: From time to time we men- their exemplary performance in our salary or those approved by the Judicial tion visits to the district office located -in Armed Forces. Council of the Circuit within which he the Fredericksburg Post Office and I plan to serves. In order not to unduly restrict him, be there all day on Friday, August 22 to see Two Buffalo area men who reflect however, the Judicial Council could approve constituents. This district office is open from this spirit are PO Kevin F. Gillotte, en­ his performing and being paid not for serv­ 9 a .m. to 5 p .m. each weekday and staffed gineman third class, U.S. Navy of Cheek- .. ices under exceptional circumstances deter­ by Mrs. Pearl Hancock, a long-time resident towaga, N.Y., and Sgt. Terry A. Strass­ mined to be in the public interest and which of the Fredericksburg area. She will, of burg, U.S. Marine Corps of North Tona­ would not interfere with his judicial duties. course, be glad to assist you and to refer wanda, N.Y. The measure also provides that a~l federal any matter that requires personal attention Petty Officer Gillotte received the Navy judges shall file annually a statement of to the Washington office at 1217 Longworth their investments and other assets as well as· House Office Building. While the District Cross citation, the Navy's second most a statement of income and liabilities. This Office is of material help in meeting people honored award, for his heroism behind bill is an attempt to restore complete public who live in the lower end of the district and enemy lines in the Republic of Vietnam. confidence in the integrity of all our, federal find it inconvenient to come to Washington, When his riverboat was attacked sud­ judges. mention of it in the newsletter has led some denly, he managed to throw off the moor­ White House Service: Inez and I attended to believe that my home is in Fredericksburg. ing line, even though he had already been worship services at the White House recently. 'However, we still live in the same home in wounded. He then rescued and protected As you know, President Nixon initiated these the Centreville District of Fairfax County as a seriously wounded shipmate. He then services for persons in the Washington area we have for the past 23 years. and invites various government officials to Presidential message: The President re­ entered the engineroom despite the ex­ attend. It is comforting to know that a reli­ cently advised that although the Congress treme danger of explosion and kept the gious atmosphere prevails in the White imposed a ceiling on federal spending of engine operating until his boat reached House and to hope that it will be an influ­ $191.9 billion for this fiscal year, it has so safety. Every American must admire his ence for good throughout the country. far failed to cut the budget to fit within courage and devotion to duty. this ceiling. Mr. Nixon indicated his approval Sergeant Strassburg was awarded the Credit cards: Many citizens have com­ of a budgetary ceiling but suggested that plained that unsolicited credit cards are Congressional restraint be ex~rcised in ap­ Silver Star for his gallantry in action. coming through the mail. While credit cards propriating funds for specific purposes. He In repelling an enemy attack on Hill 689 are a part of American life, no one should stated that no federal program was above near Kh(,'!sanh, he fearlessly attacked be . burdened with receiving and having to scrutiny and said that some highly desirable a fortified position and with personal destroy or return cards and other documents programs would have to be stretched out or action and leadership helped drive the July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21529 enemy out of marine lines. His daring ing initiative and heroic efforts inspired all 12-hour day, 6 days a week, streamlining and initiative deserve the highest praise. who observed him and contributed signifi­ and sharpening the efficiency of· his cantly to the accomplishment of his unit's In recognition of their exemplary mission. By his courage, superb leadership agency's operations. courage I am including copies of their and unwavering devotion to duty in the face As a first step toward improved ad­ citations in the RECORD: of great personal danger, Sergeant Strass­ ministration, shortly after he assumed The President of the United States takes burg upheld the highest traditions of the office he queried all his staff asking them pleasure in presenting the Navy Cros!:l to Marine Corps and of the United States Naval to tell him how agency operations could Kevin F. Gillotte, Engineman Third Class, Servi-ce." be improved. United States Navy, for service as set forth For the President: More than 3,000 suggestions were re­ in the following Citation: H. W. BusE, Jr., ceived. These are now being evaluated For extraordinary heroism on 11 January L i eutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps, 1969 while serving with United States forces Commanding General, Fleet Marine and by September those meriting adop­ engaged in riverine assault operations against Force, Pacific. tion will be accepted and implemented. enemy agg.ressor forces in the Republic of Already more than 150 additional po­ Vietnam. With Petty Officer Gillotte em­ sitions have been allocated to field offices barked ai, engineer, Assault Support Patrol where an excessive amount of overtime Boat (ASPB) 92-8 was assigned as a partici­ RECORD OF ACHIEVEMENT had been required and loanmaking and pating unit of Operation GIANT SLING­ servicing were running far behind sched­ SHOT. The craft had moored in a night de­ ule. Approximately 300 electric type­ fensive position alongside an Army LCM-8 HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON Mobile Fire Support Base on a shallow, nar­ writers have been purchased as a first row canal when ASPB 92-8 came under sud­ OF ALABAMA step in modernizing loan office opera­ den mortar attack, finding itself in the center IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions. of the impact area. Although wounded in the Wednesday, July 30, 1969 Jim Smith proudly bears the label of leg, Petty Officer Gillotte responded imme­ conservative. He considers his philosophy diately to the seriousness of the situation by Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, when consistent with the objectives of the assisting the boat captain in rousing the President Nixon signed a supplemental Farmers Home Administration which he crew to man their stations, and then made appropriation bill July 22 and thus made describes as ''helping people to help his way forward to throw off the entangled another $25 million available for emer­ mooring line. Standing exposed to incoming themselves." mortar rounds on the forecastle of the boat, gency loans to farmers, James V. Smith, He also considers his efforts to Petty Officer Gillotte was again wounded by Administrator of the Farmers Home strengthen the agency's personnel and shrapnel, bUJt eventually succeeded in free­ Administration, struck another blow for supply funds for farmers and rural com­ ing the fouled line. Upon hearing the cries the economy of rural America. munities as not inconsistent with the of the machine gunner, he climbed on top Since taking office on January 30, our Administration's efforts to make the of. the gun mount, removed his seriously former colleague, Jim Smith, has worked . wisest use of every tax dollar. wounded s•hipmate, rendered immedia.te many long hours to keep funds flowing medical add, and threw his own bOdy over He points out: the incapacitated victim to shield him from to farmers and rural communities. There is a lot of difference between plow­ further injury. After ASPB 92-8 cleared the The morning he walked into his new ing resources into a rural community when kill zone, Petty Officer Gillotte risked harm­ office Jim found the funds for emergency these funds are paid back with interest and ful burn!; when he entered the engine com­ farm loans had been exhausted and the plowing in government funds when there is partment to work on an engine damaged by loan applications were piling up on his no possibility ·of repayment. shrapnel that caused extreme overheating. desk at the rate of $1 million a day. He He remained at his station tending the dam­ rounded up $81 million, enough to keep Jim Smith, the Oklahoma farmboy aged engine until the boat secured along­ who came to Congress, is now off and side a landing ship on the main river, only 16,000 farmers who needed the money running in his new career as a Federal then allowing himself to be relieved in order badly, in business. Administrator. The country will be hear­ to seek medical attention. His inspiring Then Jim worked ·on Congress to get ing more about thi;S young man in the courage and selfless dedication were in keep­ another $25 million in the Supplemental months and years to come. ing with the highest traditions of the United Appropriation Act. This gives him some­ States Naval Service. thing to start off with in fiscal 1970. For the President: But digging up loan funds for hard­ JOHN H. CHAFEE, Secretary of the Navy. pressed farmers has only been one small NOTIFYING RELATIVES OF THOSE part of Administrator Smith's activity in KILLED IN VIETNAM The President of the United States takes behalf of his beloved rural America. As pleasure in presenting the Silver Star Medal soon as he had patched up the broken­ to Sergeant Terry A. Strassburg, United down machinery for providing farm HON. FRED SCHWENGEL States Marine Corps, for service as set forth loans he found another credit well had OF IOWA in the following Citation: run dry. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "For conspicuous gallantry and intrepity By far the bulk of the funds provided Tuesday, July 29, 1969 in ·action while serving as Squad Leader with through the Farmers Home Administra­ Company A, First Battalion, First Marines, Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, it has First Marine Division in conneotion with tion come from private investors on an operations against the enemy in the Repub­ insured basis. recently come to my attention that an lic of Vietnam. On the night of 7 July 1968, By midspring this source of funds was intolerable situation exists with respect Company A was assigned. to counterattack pretty well exhausted. Investors could do to the system used to notify the relatives a large North Vietnamese Army force which better elsewhere. of those killed in Vietnam. When these had penetrated the battalion's defensive pe­ Smith faced a tough problem. His young men have given that ultimate rimeter on Hill 689 near Khe Sanh. As the sacrifice for their country, it seems to Marines advanced on the hill, they came farm background made him instinctively opposed to having anything to do with me, that we must spare no effort to ease under intense automatic weapons fire from the suffering by their loved ones. numerous fortified positions and sustained raising interest rates. Yet unless he of­ several casualties. Reacting instantly, Ser­ fered investors more, the funds for the This problem first came to my atten­ geant Strassburg, th.:.n a Corpora), fearlessly rural housing program, the farmowner­ tion through the editor of the Muscatine crawled forward to the first hostile emplace­ ship program, and the building of rural Journal, Mr. Gil Dietz. He reported to ment, boldly threw several hand grenades in­ community water and sewerage systems me that the parents of Lt. Jerry Bunn to the structure and then fl.red his rifle in­ would not be forthcoming. of Muscatine, Iowa, were notified of his to the emplacement, killing five hostile sol­ death by means of a telegram delivered diers and capturing two weapons. Complete­ In the end he took the only course he ly disregarding his own safety, he coura­ could take and keep the credit flowing to by a cabdriver. To use the phrase of geously moved about the fire-swept terrain, rural America. He conferred with Treas­ one of my constituents: shouting words of encouragement to his men ury officials, pointed out his needs, re­ Crude errors such as this are inexcusable. and directing their fl.re on the North Viet­ ceived directions to raise the rates paid The general disillusionment with the war namese positions. Seizing a machine gun, will be increased by such errors. Sergeant Strassburg a.g.gressively led his men private investors. As a result, more than in a determined assault on the enemy de• $400 million of private funds were placed Since the shameful episode with the fenses, destroying fortifications as they ad­ in rural area development projects be­ Bunn family came to light, I have learned vanced and aiccounting for nine additional tween January and June. of two other cases in my district where North Vietnamese soldiers killed. His dar· In addition, Jim Smith has put in a the same thing has happened. 21530 -EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 30, 1969 ~· •. ' - Upon checking with the Department to the Saigon war profiteers, who are accus­ theory goes, the lower retadl prices will be. of Defense, I was informed thait normal tomed to a rich diet of American greenbacks. This is supposed to hold down inflation. procedures had been followed in the With the prospects for peace improving, they The program, however, has proven to be an were beginning to worry over where their economic Edsel. Prices almost doubled in Bunn case, inasmuch as the man's wife next greenbacks would come from. The task 1965, shot up 71 percent in 1966, jumped was personally notified of the death. It force estimate on postwar spending has done another 47 percent in 1967. And economists seems that the Department of Defense marvels for their morale. They are relieved to are still trying to figure out the damage policy allows the Vietnam-bound serv­ learn that there should be plenty of peace­ wrought by the Tet offensive in 1968. The iceman to designate only one primary time graft to replace the wartime graft. If program is so shot full of corruption that the next of kin who would receive the per­ past experience is any criterion, disposal of American imports wind up on the black mar­ sonal notification of death. He then lists the vast military surplus alone ought to make ket where they stimulate prices. Thus the hundreds of South Vietnamese millionaires. program tends to feed, rather than dampen, a number of secondary relatives, such the fires of inflation. as brothers, sisters, aunts, and where An alarming percentage of American spending in Vietnam has been siphoned off KICKBACKS GALORE there is a wife the parents, who would by South Vietnamese entrepreneurs, who now receive just a telegram notifying them expect to continue picking the American tax­ Since 1962, AID has funneled more than of the death. payers' pockets after the war is settled. From $1.3 billion into South Vietnam under the the highest officials to the withered old lady Commodity Import Program. Asked how In these days when we are all so cost much of this money has gone into kickbacks, conscious, and trying to assist the Presi­ peddling PX items in a Saigon street stall, almost everyone has his palm outstretched. one AID investigator estimated: "I would say dent in his fight against inflation, we By the most conservative estimate, at least it runs anywhere from 10 to 50 percent per must be ever mindful of the budgetary 1000 American-made millionaires are now transaction." effect of any action we take. However, living the good life in the salons of Saigon. His lowest estimate would place the fraud I for one, would hesitate to put a dollar The true figure is probably more than twice in this program at $130 million, which could sign on the grief caused by the parents that number. Those who have hit the mil­ have made approximately 100 black market of a man who has lost his life in Vietnam, lion-dollar jackpot, moreover, have cashed millionaries. However the program has also when they are notified of his death by a in on an array of illegal practices that stag­ made a number of "legitimate" millionaires. ger the imagination for their intricacy and Harold Levin, the program director, told cabdriver delivering a telegram. ingenuity. Parade: "About 900 Vietnamese importers , It is obvious that all relatives of a That the South Vietnamese have been who are licensed have done business in the serviceman killed in Vietnam cannot be gorging upon greenbacks may not be exactly millions in Uncle Sam's commodities." personally notified by the Department of news to the discerning reader. But the ex­ After reviewing the computerized list of Defense. However, there is no excuse for tent of the corruption has never been fully commodity importers, Parade has determined failing to notify the next of kin person­ revealed. What percentage of the American that half, or 450 of them, have probably contribution to the Vietnam War finds its made at least $1 million in profits. Yet CIP ally, and the parents where they survive is just one of 80 AID pTograms, whose sum the serviceman. I am calling this matter way into the secret bank accounts of South Vietnamese finaglers? How much military total is merely a small fraction of all U.S. to the attention of Secretary Laird with hardware is diverted to the Viet Cong for use expenditures in Vietnam. the request that he act with the utmost against American troops? How vast is the Said director Levin apologetically: "We speed to change the present policy with black market that thrives on the streets of don't intend to make millionaries out of the respect to notification of parents. Saigon, openly selling government issue? Vietnamese. It's just part of the overall After searching under the carpets in both effect of stabilizing South Vietnam's econ­ Washington and Saigon, PARADE has begun omy." He added defensively: "It's no co­ to find some answers. Since the early 1950's, incidence that South Vietnamese importers the United States has poured money into are some of the same names listed in the TWO VIEWS OF U.S. AID IN SOUTH high ranks of government. After all, they are VIETNAM South Vietnam in a cornucopian flow: eco­ nomic assistance, military assistance, agri­ the men with training and background." cultural and commodity imports, government On the military side, South Vietnam's HON. LEE H. HAMILTON loans and outright grants. Official esti­ armed forces draw everything from bombs mates-which vary according to the official­ to boots from the American Military Assist­ OF INDIANA indicate that the United States has spent ance Program. Evidently a number of profit­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more than $8 billion to bolster the South eers draw supplies from the same source and dispose of them through Saigon's back al­ Friday, July 18, 1969 Vietnamese economy. This, of course, doesn't count the billions that have gone into the leys. Almost every time Viet Cong are cap­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under military effort. tured, combat gear intended for South Viet­ the leave to extend my remarks in the How much of this money has been illegally namese soldiers is found-stacks of Ameri­ diverted into private pockets? Government can-made arms, also radios, gadgets, PX RECORD, I wish to call to the attention items and other goods that had disappeared of my colleagues "The American-Made investigators have given PARADE estimates ranging from 5 to 50 percent. Taking the from the Saigon docks. Millionaires in Vietnam" by Jack Ander­ lowest estimate, at least $1,00 million in­ AID handled military assistance until 1966 son which appeared in the June 8 edition tended for South Vietnam's economic wel­ when the program was turned over to the of Parade. In view of a task force having fare have wound up instead bettering the Pentagon. The MAP money then became dif­ reported to the President that South economic welfare of a few corrupt officials ficult to trace in the ant bed of defense Vietnam will need at least $2.5 billion in and businessmen. Yet this is small change b':1dgetry. Insiders claim, however, that South compared to the vast sums that have been Vietnam got over $1 billion in military as­ foreign aid to recover from the war, Mr. sistance from AID from 1962 to 1966, another Anderson discusses the current opera­ scooped up by Vietnamese from our military programs. $3.3 billion from the Pentagon thereafter. tion of some of AID's programs in South Grand total: approximately $4.3 billion. Vietnam including the commodity im­ CONSTANT GRAFT Corruption is as integral a part of the WE DON'T KNOW port program. Vietnamese folkways, apparently, as the How much of this went to line the pockets Given the conclusions reached by Mr. siesta. The oivil servant, the tax collector, the of the money grabbers? A Pentagon spokes­ Anderson, I requested AID's views the dock foreman count upon kickbacks to make man insisted: "There simply doesn't exist an following day. ends meet. With this illicit income as the official Department of Defense percentage for In a letter of July 15, Matthew J. bait, jobs are bought and sold. A province the amount of diversion." Unofficially, Parade Harvey, Director, AID congressional chief's job, for instance, goes for around was told that 5 to 35 perce!lt "sounds pretty liaison, transmitted to me "Facts From $25,000. The new chief knows he will collect close." Again taking the lowest possible fig­ the Agency for International· Develop­ enough graft to make a substantial profit. ure, the Military Assistance Program con­ He sells the positions below him, and his sub­ tributed at leas,t $215 million toward enrich­ ment Correcting Erroneous Statements ordinates sell the jobs below them. Military ing South Vietnamese wheeler-dealers. in Parade Article of June 8, 1969." payrolls are padded up to 30 percent with By Parade's arithmetic, these two programs The article, letter, and response fol­ soldiers who are dead or never existed. The alone-AID's CIP and the Pentagon's MAP­ low for each Member to draw his own commander happily draws their salaries. must have made millionaires out of at least conclusion: To understand how corruption :flourishes 800 South Vietnamese citizens. Thus the THE AMERICAN-MADE MILLIONAIRES IN in South Vietnam, it may be instructive to estimate of 1000 American-made millionaires VIETNAM focus on one of the 80 economic programs: in South Vietnam would appear to be on the Commodity Import Program. "Its main the low, low side. (By Jack Anderson) purpose," explain U.S. AID officials, "is to According to sworn congressional testi­ WASHINGTON, D.C.-A task force has re­ control inflation." The idea is to flood the mony, some of the get-rich-quick stories to ported to President Nixon that South Viet­ South Vietnamese market with enough com­ come out of Vietnam are classics. There was nam will need $2.5 billion in foreign aid to modities to "sop up" excess currency. The the case, for example, of Dinh Xuan Thao, recover from the war. This is reassuring news more products that are available, so the as delightful a rogue as ever skinned Uncle July 30, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21531 Sam. He advertised his services as an "im­ taken the precaution of depositing their un­ A.I.D./Washington conducts a prior review porter" for American companies wishing to der-the-table profits in foreign banks. This, of commodity and supplier eligibility and in do business in South Vietnam. His ads caught of course, adversely affects the U.S. balance certain cases a review for compliance with the eager eye of Thomas Edison Higgins of of payments. In case of a Communist take­ A.I.D.'s price rules. American customs in­ St. Petersburg, Fla., who had developed in over, the war profiteers have also arranged spectors check arrivals in Saigon. Various his garage a product he thought could help to follow their profits out of the country. post audits are conducted in both Washing­ win the war. He described it grandly as a There will be a mass exodus of South Viet­ ton and Saigon, including end use examina­ "ten-year battery additive." The only trouble namese millionaires, for example, to Paris, tion of commodities to the point of con­ was that it didn't add anything to a battery. where other rich refugees from Saigon fled sumption or retail sale. After contacting Thao, however, the once after the downfall of past South Vietnamese As a result of these strict controls, losses penniless Higgins was inundated with orders governments. of commodities financed under the Commer­ for his battery juice. Thao not only arranged Meanwhile, the pursuit of the American cial Import Program have decreased from an the necessary South Vietnamese import li­ dollar continues to be South Vietnam's fa­ estimated 2 to 5% in 1966 to an estimate of censes but produced an endorsement from vorite game. With the prospects of $2.5 bil­ less than 1 % in 1968. V. A. da Cruz, a Portuguese diplomat, who lion in postwar aid, it probably will be played 4. The present Vietnamese Government has solemnly recommended "this excellent prod­ with abandon for years to come. removed several officials from office on the uct to every car owner, for its efficiency and basis of corruption, and some have been its certain effect." AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL tried and convicted. Businessmen have been Higgins suddenly was able to move out of DEVELOPMENT. suspended or barred from access to the im­ his garage into more pretentious quarters, Washington, D.C., July 15, 1969. port market, and in some cases have been thanks to a quarter of a million dollars in Hon. LEE H. HAMITLON, jailed for their actions. Here in the United letters of credit payable upon shipment. All House of Representatives, States there have also been cases of viola­ he had to do was kick back 56 percent to his Washington, D.C. tions of A.I.D. rules by suppliers under the benefactor, _who split the money among gov­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN HAMILTON: Thank you A.I.D. program that have resulted in con­ ernment officials. Thao quietly deposited the for your inquiry of June 9 regarding an viction and punishment. bulk, however, in secret Account No. 690265 article by Jack Anderson in Parade Magazine. 5. It is, of course, still possible to make of Geneva's Swiss Credit Bank. We were asked about the article during a substantial profits through the Commercial ANOTHER DUD recent hearing before the House Foreign Import Program since it does involve imports Affairs Committee. I am enclosing a copy of by businessmen into an inflationary, war­ When AID finally got around to barring time economy. One way of controlling profits Higgins' battery additive as worthless, he A.I.D.'s response, which will appear in the record of the Hearings. Please lpt me know if is through taxation. While Vietnam, like all came back with a rust inhibitor for automo­ less-developed countries and even some de­ bile radiators. But like the battery additive you wish further information. Sincerely, veloped ones, is faced with real problems in that didn't add, the rust inhibitor didn't the administration of direct taxation such as inhibit. Nonetheless, the same Higgins-Thao MATTHEW J. HARVEY, Director, Congressional Liaison. income taxes, its record is improving. The team did another $126,186.19 worth of AID Ministry of Finance is pushing improvements business. All told, the Higgins ventures cost in tax collections as well as other measures in the American taxpayers $356,186.91 of which FACTS FROM THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORRECTING ERRONEOUS order to increase government revenues by at $140,050 went into Swiss Account No. 690265. least 40% this year. 'I'he results for the first Indeed, the ubiguitous Thao handled AID­ STATEMENTS IN "PARADE" ARTICLE OP JUNE 8, 1969 four months of 1969 are enAustria. He came to overeating or over indulgence in aJ.ooholic BETHESDA MAN Is KILLED IN Vmr ACTION this country in 1893. He settled in New York beverages. Phys,ioal exeirolse is also very good. An Army lieutenant from Bethesda, Md .. and was employed by General Electric Co. I have always worked outside aind ha.ve htad was killed in action in South Vietnam last In 1904 he married the former Monica Men­ plenty of exercise. I have always tried to take Friday, the Pentagon reported yesterday. chek of Czechoslovakia.. The couple met in good OM'e of myse1f."

SENATE-Thursday, July 31, 1969