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DOGAMI Open-File Report O-20-04, Temporal and Spatial Changes in Coastal Morphology, Tillamook County, Oregon

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DOGAMI Open-File Report O-20-04, Temporal and Spatial Changes in Coastal Morphology, Tillamook County, Oregon State of Oregon Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Brad Avy, State Geologist OPEN-FILE REPORT O-20-04 TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHANGES IN COASTAL MORPHOLOGY, TILLAMOOK COUNTY, OREGON by Jonathan C. Allan1 2020 1Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Coastal Field Office, P.O. Box 1033, Newport, OR 97365 Temporal and Spatial Changes in Coastal Morphology, Tillamook County, Oregon DISCLAIMER This product is for informational purposes and may not have been prepared for or be suitable for legal, engineering, or surveying purposes. Users of this information should review or consult the primary data and information sources to ascertain the usability of the information. This publication cannot substitute for site-specific investigations by qualified practitioners. Site-specific data may give results that differ from the results shown in the publication. Cover photograph: Contemporary and historical dune development at Pacific City, Tillamook County. Photo taken by E. Harris, August 12, 2011. WHAT’S IN THIS REPORT? New lidar based mapping along the Tillamook County coast provides updated spatial extents of beaches and dunes that may be subject to existing and future storm-induced wave erosion, runup, overtopping, and coastal flooding. Side-by-side maps of the spatial extent of beaches and dunes in 1975 and now show changes that have taken place. These data will help communities implement Oregon Statewide Planning Goal 18: Beaches and Dunes. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Open-File Report O-20-04 Published in conformance with ORS 516.030 For additional information: Administrative Offices 800 NE Oregon Street, Suite 965 Portland, OR 97232 Telephone (971) 673-1555 https://www.oregongeology.org https://oregon.gov/DOGAMI/ Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Open-File Report O-20-04 ii Temporal and Spatial Changes in Coastal Morphology, Tillamook County, Oregon TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 2 2.0 Coastal Geology and Geomorphology ........................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Local Geology .................................................................................................................................................. 3 3.0 Methodology................................................................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Previous Coastal Hazard Studies ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Lidar ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 3.3 Aerial Imagery ................................................................................................................................................. 7 3.4 Wet Interdunes ............................................................................................................................................... 8 3.5 Estuary Shoreline and Storm Flood Water Level ............................................................................................ 8 4.0 Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1 Countywide Beach and Dune Changes ........................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Nehalem Spit ................................................................................................................................................ 11 4.3 Rockaway Beach ........................................................................................................................................... 14 4.4 Bayocean Spit ............................................................................................................................................... 17 4.5 Netarts Spit ................................................................................................................................................... 19 4.6 Northern Sand Lake ...................................................................................................................................... 21 4.7 South Sand Lake ............................................................................................................................................ 22 4.8 Nestucca Spit ................................................................................................................................................ 23 4.9 Neskowin ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 5.0 Conclusion................................................................................................................................................... 25 6.0 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................... 25 7.0 References .................................................................................................................................................. 26 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location map of the Tillamook County coastline, including key place names ......................................... 4 Figure 2. Pie charts depicting Tillamook County countywide changes over time for select coastal geomorphic units ................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 3. Pie charts depicting coastal geomorphic unit changes defined for each Tillamook County subcell .................................................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 4. Beach and dune geomorphic mapping classifications for Nehalem Spit ............................................... 13 Figure 5. Beach and dune geomorphic mapping classifications for Rockaway Beach .......................................... 15 Figure 6. Beach and dune geomorphic mapping classifications for Twin Rocks ................................................... 16 Figure 7. Beach and dune geomorphic mapping classifications for Bayocean Spit .............................................. 17 Figure 8. Beach and dune geomorphic mapping classifications for Netarts Spit .................................................. 20 Figure 9. Beach and dune geomorphic mapping classifications for northern Sand Lake ..................................... 21 Figure 10. Beach and dune geomorphic mapping classifications for southern Sand Lake ..................................... 22 Figure 11. Beach and dune geomorphic mapping classifications for Nestucca Spit and Pacific City ...................... 23 Figure 12. Beach and dune geomorphic mapping classifications for Neskowin ..................................................... 24 Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Open-File Report O-20-04 iii Temporal and Spatial Changes in Coastal Morphology, Tillamook County, Oregon LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Beach and dune overlay zone nomenclature (after USDA, 1975) ............................................................ 6 Table 2. Change in acreage of various coastal geomorphic units identified in Tillamook County from the 1970s to 2020 ......................................................................................................................................... 11 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) DATA See the digital publication folder for files. Geodatabase is Esri® version 10.1 format. Metadata is embedded in the geodatabase and is also provided as a separate .xml format file. tillamook_dune_geodb.gdb: Feature dataset: dune_polygons feature classes: BeachesandDunes_orcoast_original (polygon) BeachesandDunes_revised_tillamook_2020 (polygon) Beaches & Dunes 2020.lyr – layer file providing symbology for the feature class BeachesandDunes_revised_tillamook_2020 Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Open-File Report O-20-04 iv Temporal and Spatial Changes in Coastal Morphology, Tillamook County, Oregon ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to produce updated information on the spatial extent of beaches and dunes in Tillamook County that may be subject to existing and future storm-induced wave erosion, runup, overtopping, and coastal flooding. These data are of importance to the Department of Land Conservation and Development and the seven coastal counties of Oregon in order to implement Statewide Planning Goal 18: Beaches and Dunes. Oregon Statewide Planning Goal 18 requires local jurisdictions adopt a beach and dune overlay zone in their comprehensive plan, which may be used to manage development on or near beaches and dunes. Regional mapping of the coastal geomorphology of the Oregon coast to define the extent of its beaches and dunes was originally undertaken between 1972 and 1975 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (USDA, 1975). However, in the intervening 45 years, much has changed on the coast. Of particular importance has been the proliferation of European beach grasses that have helped stabilize
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