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Anticarsia Gemmatalis (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) at the Initial Stage of Development

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Anticarsia Gemmatalis (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) at the Initial Stage of Development Acta Scientiarum http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/acta ISSN on-line: 1807-8621 Doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v40i1.35273 CROP PROTECTION Ovicidal effect of the essential oils from 18 Brazilian Piper species: controlling Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) at the initial stage of development Diones Krinski1*, Luís Amilton Foerster2 and Cicero Deschamps3 1Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas, Engenharia e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Tangará da Serra, Rodovia MT 358, km 7, Jardim Aeroporto, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 2Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. 3Departamento de Agronomia, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. *Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The toxicities of essential oils (EOs) from 18 species of Brazilian Piperaceae were assessed on eggs of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis. Oils were extracted using steam distillation, and dilutions were made for bioassays at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%. All EOs reduced larval hatching. The lowest lethal concentrations were obtained from Piper fuligineum (SP), Piper mollicomum “chemotype 1” (SP), Piper mosenii (PR), Piper aduncum (PA) and Piper marginatum (PA). Ovicidal activity is related to the potential toxicity of several compounds, especially dilapiolle, myristicin, asaricine, spathulenol and piperitone. According to our results, EOs from 16 Brazilian Piper species have potential for use as biorational botanical insecticides. Keywords: Piper abutiloides, Piper fuligineum, Piper marginatum, bioinseticides. Efeito ovicida de óleos essenciais de 18 espécies brasileiras de Piper: controlando Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) no estágio inicial de desenvolvimento RESUMO. A toxicidade dos óleos essenciais (OEs) de 18 espécies de Piperaceae brasileiras foi avaliada sobre ovos da lagarta da soja, Anticarsia gemmatalis. Os óleos foram extraídos por destilação de arraste de vapor d´água e as diluições foram feitas para os bioensaios em concentrações de 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0%. Todos os OEs reduzidam a eclosão larval. As menores concentrações letais foram observadas em Piper fuligineum (SP), Piper mollicomum “quimiotipo 1” (SP), Piper mosenii (PR), Piper aduncum (PA) e Piper marginatum (PA). A atividade ovicida observada está relacionado com a toxicidade potencial de alguns compostos, especialmente o dilapiol, a miristicina, a asaricina, o espatulenol e a piperitona. De acordo com nossos resultados, os OEs de 16 espécies de Piper brasileiras têm potencial para uso como inseticidas vegetais bioracionais. Palavras-chave: Piper abutiloides, Piper fuligineum, Piper marginatum, bioinseticidas. Introduction Petroski & Stanley, 2009; Rampelotti-Ferreira et al., 2010). Additionally, they may be safer and more The velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis environmentally acceptable. Thus, strategies for Hübner (Lepidoptera: Eribidae), is the primary insect management should include alternatives to soybean defoliator in Brazil (Panizzi, Oliveira, & conventional insecticides. The use of plant-based Silva, 2004). This species also damages other crops insecticides is an alternative for the control of of economic importance (Rahman, Bridges, Chapin, lepidopteran pests primarily by having low toxicity & Thomas, 2007). It is mainly controlled using and short persistence in the environment (Costa, synthetic insecticides, but other control methods Silva, & Fiuza, 2004). In this context, plants of the include the use of transgenic crop plants and the family Piperaceae may be a promising alternative for soil-dwelling bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner the control of insect pests because they contain (McPherson & Macrae, 2009; Castro et al., 2013). active principles with high insecticidal potential However, new approaches are needed to reduce (Fazolin, Estrela, Catani, & Alécio, 2005; Fazolin, risks to the environment and natural enemies and to Estrela, Catani, Alécio, & Lima, 2007; Estrela, avoid or delay the onset of insecticide resistance Fazolin, Catani, Alécio, & Lima, 2006; Barbosa et al., (Loureiro, Moino-Junior, Arnosti, & Souza, 2002; 2012). Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, v. 40, e35273, 2018 Page 2 of 10 Krinski et al. The analysis and identification of chemical Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, compounds of plant origin that are active against Paraná State, Brazil. insects are important as they allow the discovery of Essential oils extraction - To obtain the EOs, we new groups of plants with insecticidal potential, and used dry leaves of Piper species collected from they provide new perspectives for the synthesis and various Brazilian regions (Table 1, Figure 1). development of new bioactive compounds (Scott, Chromatographic analysis Jensen, Philogène, & Arnason, 2008). Despite the widespread occurrence of the Piperaceae species in Chromatographic analysis was performed in the Brazil, research on its bioactivity against agricultural Laboratory of Ecophysiology Vegetable and the insect pests is incipient. In addition, pest Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Ecology management is performed during the phase in (LAPEQ), both at the UFPR. The EOs were subjected which the insects are causing damage to the crop, to analysis by gas chromatography coupled to a flame and in this case, A. gemmatalis is in the larval stage, ionization detector (HP- Agilent 7890A GC-FID) and where the larvae feed mainly on soybean leaves by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (Lourenção, Reco, Braga, Valle, & Pinheiro, 2010; (MS) (60–240°C at 3ºC min. rate) using a fused-silica Moscardi et al., 2012; Franco et al., 2014). capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d. x 0.25 μm) However, few studies have been conducted on coated with DB-5. The injector and detector the ovicidal effect of Piperaceae on any insect pest temperatures were 280ºC. Hydrogen was used as a group (Laurent et al., 1997; Fazolin et al., 2005; carrier gas at a flow rate of 2.4 mL min.-1; injection was Scott et al., 2008; Carneiro, Pereira, & Galbiati, in the split mode (1:20), and the injection volume was 2011). Due to the importance of identifying 1.0 μL. MS spectra were obtained using electron alternative, environmentally sound methods for impact at 70 eV, with a scan interval of 0.5 s and mass agricultural pest control, we determined the ovicidal range from 40 to 550 m/z. The initial identification of action of essential oils (EOs) from leaves of Piperaceae species of various Brazilian regions components of the EOs was carried out by comparison against Anticarsia gemmatalis eggs. with previously reported values of retention indices, which was obtained by co-injection of oil samples and Material and methods C11–C24 linear hydrocarbons and calculated according to the equation of Van den Dool and Kratz (1963). The eggs used in the bioassays were obtained Subsequently, the MS acquired for each component from a colony of A. gemmatalis maintained in the Laboratory of Integrated Control of Insects (LCII), was matched with those stored in the Wiley/NBS mass and the oils were extracted by hydrodistillation in spectral library of the GC-MS system and with other the Vegetable Ecophysiology Laboratory, both at the published mass spectral data (Adams, 2007). Table 1. Piper species evaluated and collection sites (geographic coordinates). Brazilian regions Piper species (State) Geographic coordinates* - elevation (m) Piper aduncum L. (PA) 7°07'43.56"S 55°23'22.09"W - 231 m North region Piper malacophyllum Prels. (PA) 7°06'56.31"S 55°24'22.19"W - 210 m Piper marginatum L. (PA) 7°07'43.56"S 55°23'22.09"W - 231 m Piper. caldense C. DC. “chemotype 2” (PR) 25°29'41.6"S 49°00'50.6"W – 528 m Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth. “chemotype 1” (PR) 25°32'59.07"S 49°14'13.09"W - 919 m South region Piper gaudichaudianum “chemotype 2” (PR) 25°29'41.6"S 49°00'50.6"W – 528 m Piper mikanianum (Kunth) Steud. (PR) 25°33'21.53"S 49°13'51.34"W - 908 m Piper mosenii C. DC. (PR) 25°29'41.6"S 49°00'50.6"W – 528 m Piper abutiloides Kunth. (SP) 24°12'11.27"S 48°33'42.36"W - 858 m Piper amalago L. (SP) 22°50'42.03"S 48°25'34.04"W - 763 m Piper arboreum Aubl. (SP) 22°51'37.19"S 48°26'14.32"W - 798 m Piper caldense “chemotype 1” (SP) 24°01'18.42"S 47°31'46.37"W - 722 m Piper crassinervium Kunth. (SP) 22°51'37.19"S 48°26'14.32"W - 798 m Southeast region Piper mollicomum Kunth. “chemotype 1” (SP) 22°53'32.57"S 48°28'57.45"W - 853 m Piper mollicomum “chemotype 2” (SP) 22°53'21.40"S 48°28'12.23"W - 822 m Piper fuligineum Kunth. (SP) 22°53'32.57"S 48°28'57.45"W - 853 m Piper solmsianum C. DC. (SP) 24°01'16.05"S 47°31'48.41"W - 718 m Piper lhotzkyanum Kunth. (SP) 22°50'42.03"S 48°25'34.04"W - 763 m Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (MT) 4°37'29.32"S 57°29'09.10"W - 385 m Midwest region Piper hispidum Sw. (GO) 16°29'47.47"S 49°16'50.45"W - 825 m Piper umbellatum L. (GO) 16°31'00.40"S 49°16'15.16"W - 741 m *Datum WGS84. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, v. 40, e35273, 2018 Ovicidal effect from 18 Piper species on Anticarsia gemmatalis Page 5 of 10 Figure 1. Piper species evaluated and collection regions (Brazilian states). The species were identified, and herbarium emergence of A. gemmatalis caterpillars at 25°C specimens were deposited at Universidade do Estado (Magrini, Botelho, & Silveira Neto, 1999). de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Tangará da Statistical analysis Serra (UNEMAT/CUTS) in Herbarium Tangará (TANG). Collected leaves were stored in a greenhouse For the statistical analysis, we used the results for 96h at 50°C to dry and then ground with a mill to obtained three days after treatment in each EO.
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