SEVENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION SENATE Mr. McNARY. I announce that the Senator from Ver ... mont [Mr. AusTIN], the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. MONDAY, JUNE 8, 1936 BARBOUR], the Senator from Iowa [Mr. DicKINSON], the The Chaplain, Rev. Z~Barney T. Phillips, D. D., offered the senior Senator from Delaware [Mr. HAsTINGS], the Senator following prayer: from Rhode Island [Mr. METCALF], the Senator from Michi gan [Mr. VANDENBERG], the Senator from Kansas [Mr. CAP Almighty and everlasting God, in whom we live and move PER], the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. CAREY], the Senator and have our being, whom the very heaven of heavens cannot from Pennsylvania [Mr. DAVIS], the Senator from Oregon contain, though Thou findest sanctuary in the contrite heart [Mr. STEIWER], the junior Senator from Delaware [Mr. of man; shine with Thy light through the clouds that dim ToWNsEND], and the Senator from Maine [Mr. WHITE] are our vision and open our eyes that we may read Thy thoughts necessarily absent from the Senate. in sun and star, in field and flower. Mr. FRAZIER. I announce that my colleague the junior Remove from us all foolish fears, all sinful discontent, and Senator from North Dakota [Mr. NYE] is necessarily absent. with one throb of Thy almighty heart, flood the nations of The VICE PRESIDENT. Fifty-seven Senators have an the world with the sunshine of Thy love and bring them back swered to their names. A quorum is present. from the wilderness of strife into the fold of peace. So shall we build a highway for our God over which bless MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT-APPROVAL OF BU.LS ings and prayers shall pass and repass with confident golden Messages in writing from the President of the United States feet forever. were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Latta, one of his We ask it for the sake of Him who is our Peace, Jesus secretaries, who also announced that the President had ap Christ, Thy Son, our Lord. Amen. proved and signed the following acts: On Jtme 5, 1936: THE JOURNAL S. 2243. An act relating .to the allocation of radio facilities; On request of Mr. RonmsoN, and by unanimous consent;. S. 2303. An act to amend the act entitled "An act to estab- the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Saturday, lish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United June 6, 1936, was dispensed with, · and the Journal was States", approved July 1, 1898, as amended and supple approved. mented; CALL OF THE ROLL S. 3043. An act for the relief of the State of Maine; Mr. LEWIS. I suggest the absence of a quorum. s. 3477. An act relating to the jurisdiction of the judge for The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. the northern and middle districts of Alabama; The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the following Senators S. 3885. An act to further extend the times for commencing answered to their names: and completing the construction of a bridge across the Mis Adams Du1Iy Lonergan Radcli1fe souri River at or near Garrison, N. Dak.; Ashurst Fletcher Long Reynolds S. 3945. An act to extend the times for commencing and· Barkley Frazier McAdoo Robinson Bilbo George McGill Schwellenbach completing the construction of certain free highway bridges Black Gerry McKellar Sheppard across the Red River from Moorhead, Minn., to Fargo. Bone Gibson McNary Shipstead N.Dak.; Brown Glass Maloney Thomas, Okla. Bulow Gu1Iey Minton Thomas, Utah S. 4230. An act to amend section 28 of the enabling act for Burke Hale Murray VanNuys the State of Arizon,a, approved June 20, 1910; Caraway Hatch Neely Wagner Chavez Hayden Norris Walsh S. 4326. An act granting the consent of Congress to the Connally Keyes O'Mahoney Wheeler Department of Public Works of Massachusetts to construct, Coolidge King Overton maintain, and operate a free highway bridge across the Couzens La Follette Pittman Dieterich Lewis Pope Connecticut River at or near Northampton, Mass.; S. 4340. An act to authorize the President to designate an Mr. LEWIS. I announce that the Senator from Alabama Acting High Commissioner to the Philipl)ine Islands; [Mr. BANKHEAD 1, the Senator from Colorado [Mr. CosTIGAN], the Senator from MississiPpi [Mr. HARRISON], and the Sena S. 4549. An act authorizing the State Highway Board of tor from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN] are absent because of the State of Georgia to replace, reconstruct, or repair the free highway bridge across the Savannah River at or near the city illness; and that the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. BACH of Augusta, Ga.; and MAN], the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. BA.n.EY], the Senator from Minnesota r.Mr. BENSON], the Senator from s. 4655. An act relative to limitation of shipowners' lia Virginia [Mr. BYRD], the juni-or Senator from South Caro bility. lina [Mr. BYRNES], the senior Senator from Missouri r.Mr. RESIDENCE REQumEMENTS UNDER NA~ON LAW&--WITH• CLARK], the Senator from New York [Mr. CoPELAND], the DRAWAL OF OBJEC'IION Senator from Ohio [Mr. DoNA.IiEY], the Senator from Okla Mr. REYNOLDS. Mr. Pres~dent, last Saturday when the homa [Mr. GoRE], the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. calendar was called and Order of Business No. 2269 was HOLT], the Senator from Florida [Mr. LoFTIN], the Senator reached, being the bill (H. R. 4900) to amend the natural from Kentucky [Mr. LoGAN], the Senator from New Jersey ization laws in respect of residence requirements, and for [Mr. MOORE], the Senator from IOW81 [Mr. MURPHY], the other purposes, I objected to the consideration of the bill and Senator from Georgia [Mr. RussELL], the senior Senator requested that it go over. At the time I entered my objec from South Carolina [Mr. SMITH], and the junior Senator tion I had not been fully advised of the intent of the bill, from Missouri [Mr. TRUMAN] are unavoidably detained from but since then I have conferred with Representative SoL the Senate. BLooM, of New York, author of the measure, who has LXXX--581 9189 9190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 8 informed me in reference to it. I wish now to withdraw my Resolved., '!bat copies of this resolution be transmitted by the clerk of th~ city . of Minneapolis to the Presidel)t of the United objection entered on Saturday. States, to the presiding officers of the Senate and House of Represen CLAIMS BY GOVERNMENT OF FINLAND REGARDING CERTAIN SAILING tatives of the United States, to each Member thereof from the States VESSELS of North and South Dakota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Montana, and Mln nesota, to the Chief Engineer of the War Department, to the Tile VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a message Secretary of War, and to each member of the Board of Engineers from the President of the United States, which was read, of the War Department. and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com Passed May 29, 1936. DANIEL F. O'BRIEN, ·mittee on Foreign Relations, as follows: President of the Council. Approved June 2, 1936. To the Congress of the United States: THOMAS E. LATIMER, Mayor. Attest: I transmit herewith a report of the Secretary of State in CHAS. c. SWANSON, regard to claims presented to the Department of State by City Clerk. the Government of Finland in behalf of the owners of cer REPORTS OF CO~TTEES tain Finnish sailing vessels which are alleged to have been Mr. BURKE, from the Committee on Irrigation and Recla unlawfully detained in ports of the United States in 1918. mation, to which was referred the bill (H. R. 11538) for the I recommend that, as proposed by the Secretary of State, relief of the Orland reclamation project, California, reported the necessary legislation be enacted to permit the owners of it without amendment and submitted a report (No. 2321) . the vessels to present their claims to the Court of Claims. thereon. A draft of a bill suitable for that purpose. accompanies the He also, from the Committee on Claims, to which was re Secretary's report. ferred the bill (H. R. 12144) for the relief of the Federal FRANKLIN D. RoOSEVELT. Enameling & Stamping Co., reported it without amendment THE WHITE HOUSE, June 8, 1936. and submitted a report (No. · 2326) thereon. INVESTIGATION OF THE BLACK LEGION AND SIMILAR ORGANIZATIONS That the House re~de from its d_isagreement tQ the amendment of the Senate and agree to the same with an amendment as Mr. ROBINSON. On behalf of the Senator from Minne follows: Strike out the word "immediately" in the matter inserted sota [Mr. BENSON], I submit a concurrent resolution and ask by said amendment, and the Senate agree to the same. MoRRIS SHEPPARD, that it be referred to the Committee ·on the Judiciary. DUNCAN U. FLETCHER, The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be received RoBERT D. CAREY, and referred, as requested by the Senator from Arkansas. Managers on the part of the Senate. The concurrent resolution CS. Con. Res. 41) , submitted by JOHN J. McSWAIN, Mr. RoBINSON (for Mr. BENSON), was referred to the Com LisTER HILL, WILLIAM N. ROGERS, mittee on the Judiciary, as fo~ows: DoNALD H. McLEAN, Resolved by the Senate (the HCYUSe of Representatives concur CHARLES A. PLUMLEY, ring) , That a special committee consisting of four Senators and Managers on the part of the House. four Representatives be, and is hereby, authorized to be appointed by the President of the Senate and by the Speaker of the House DEPORTATION OF ALIEN CRIMINALS . of Representatives, respectively, for the purpose of conducting an Mr. REYNOLDS. Mr. President, I should like to have investigation of (1) the character, objects, extent of operations, roster of officers and membership, all sources of revenue, purpose unanimous consent to print in the CoNGRESSIONAL REcoRD and methods of distribution · of finances of the Black Legion; extracts froi:n speeches I have made upon the fioor of the (2) the activities and source of revenue of any organizations Senate in opposition to the Kerr-Coolidge bill. which may be found spreading similar un-American propaganda of religious, racial, or subversive political prejudices which tend to There being no objection, the matter was ordered to be incite to force and violence in the promotion of their ·program printed in the REcoRD, ·as follows: of activities ~ and . ( 3) all other questions in relation thereto which (Extracts from the debate on S. 2969 (Kerr-Coolidge bill) in the would assist Congress in the enactment of necessary remedial, Senate Friday,- Apr. 3, 1936 {legislative day of Monday, Feb. 24, Federal legislation, including necessary amendments to the postal 1936] · laws. Such special committee is authorized to hold hearings · at DEPORTATION OF ALIEN CRIMINALS any or all points within the United States at any time, .. whether• or not Congress shall be in session, and to call upon the admin Mr. RoBINSON. Mr. President, pUrsuant to the statement which istrative head of any executive department of the United States was made yesterday, I ask unanimous consent that the unfinished Government for assistance by its investigating personnel. Such · business be temporarily laid aside, and that- the Senate -proceed special committee shall select one of its members to serve as to the consideration of Senate bill 2969, being the so-called alien chairman. deportation bill. . There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the SEc. 2. Such special, committee shalLhave full power _and .au-, bill (S. 2969) to· authorize the deportation of crtm1nals, to· guard thority to subpena witnesses and take testimony; to summon ariy against the separation from their families-. of al1ens. of the non- - ' and all books, records, documents, conimtinications, and other criminal classes, to , provide for legalizb;lg . the residence in the · papers·or such organizations and their officers or members; and to United States of certain classes of aliens, and for other ;purp .c:;;~s • . compel attendance under the provisions and penalties. provided · Mr. REYNOLDS. I would have it understood as my- optriton- that 102 by section of the Revised Statutes· of the United States, as the Kerr-Coolidge bill would break down and destroy tbe barriers amended. of imm1grat1on ,that have heretofore -been raised, .would.ma.ke two SEc. 3. The special committee shall be authorized to expend a holes where one now exists, and .would encourage aliens to come sum not in excess of $100,000, one-half of which shall be paid here in violation of the laws of our c9untry. _ _ from the contingent fund of the Senate and one-half. to be paid Mr. President, I believe that any high-school boy after reading from the contingent fund of the House of Representatives; and to section 3 of the · Kerr-Coolidge bill; would -unquestionably and - employ necessary clerical and other· help. · unhesitatingly say that the bill and that section in particular SEc. 4. A report shall be prepared by such special committee would bring aliens in, instead of put them out; that it 1s an im- not later than March 1, 1937, and presented to the President of portation bill rather than a deportation bill. - . the Senate and. the Speaker of. the House of Representatives dur - Mr. BARKLEY. • • • I understand it would deal with those - ing the month of March 1937, but nothing in this-section shall who are here illegally.. . prevent the making of partial reports at any time the special Mr. REYNoLDs. Tile Senator does not understand how it would committee may deem advisable or in the publ1c interest. · let them in, instead of put them out? DAISY CLARK Mr. BARKLEY. I do not. Mr. REYNOLDS. That is where the nigger 2B 1n the wood pile. Mr. McNARY submitted th-e following resolution (S. Res. [Laughter.] 321), which was referred to the Committee to Audit and The bill seeks to make lawful by an enactment of the Congress Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate: that which for years has been illegal and unlawful. The bill would encourage those beyond our shores to come to America. Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate hereby is authorized It would encourage aliens from all over the world to violate the and directed to pay from the contingent fund of the Senate to immigration laws of the U:rlited States. Daisy Clark, daughter of Noble M. Clark, late a special employee of If we legalize that which is now illegal, if we permit to stay the Senate under supervision of the Sergeant at Arms, a sum equal in this country aliens who are here illegally, who have violated to 6 months' compensation at the rate he was receiving by law at the law every day they have remained here illegally, then we will the time of his death, said sum to be considered inclusive of encourage immigrants from every part of the world to say, "What funeral expenses and all other allowances. do we care about the laws of America? We can go there and slip in and kill anybody we want to or kidnap anybody we want MISSOURI RIVER BRIDGE, OMAHA, NEBR. to and get away with it. America has already said it is all right Mr. WALSH. I enter a motion for the reconsideration of for anybody to steal into the country, to perjure himself into the country, or to enter the country in any other lllegal manner, such -the vote whereby the Senate on Saturday last passed Senate as by the purchase of passports, and the like. bill4376, providing for the construction of a bridge across the Mr. President, I cannot make it too plain to my colleagues of -Missouri River. the Senate and to the world that· I am opposing the Kerr-Coolidge The VICE PRESIDENT. The motion will be entered. bill, because, I assert, if enacte.d, it will break down the immigra tion barriers, encourage violation of the law; make two holes in DIVISION OF STREAM-POLLUTION CONTROL the cheese where there is now but one, and wreck all the laws which your forefathers and your predecessors for years and years, Mr. LONERGAN. Mr. President, I enter a motion tore since Washington was President of our country up to the present consider the vote by which Senate bill 4627, being Calendar time, have enacted and wanted obeyed. I am fighting the bill No. 2316. to create a division of stream-pollution control in because I stand for Americans in preference to foreigners; and the time has come when the Members of the United States Senate, as the Bureau of the Public Health Service, and for other pur well as the people of the whole United States of America, must poses, was passed on Saturday last. make it plain whether we and they are standing by the people of - The VICE PRESIDENT. The motion will be entered. our own country or whether we are standing by the people of foreign nations. AIR CORPS OF THE ARMY--cONFERENCE REPORT There 1s just one issue: Are we for America for Americans, or are we for America for foreigners? It is a question that one may Mr. SHEPPARD submitted the following report, which not sid~-step. It is a question on which one must get on one side was ordered to lie on the table : of the fence or on the other. I said that millions of Americans are against the bill-millions The committee of conference on the disagreeing · votes of -the upon millions-and in that connection I wish to read just a simple two Houses on the amendment of the Senate to the b1ll (H. R. little post card which was sent to me by some ma-n of whom I 11140) to provide more effectively for the national defense by never heard, one of the hundreds upon hundreds of post cards further increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the Air Corps and letters and telegrams I have received from all over the United · of the Army of the United States, having met,- after full and free States. This simple little -post ·card will -reveal to the Members of ... ~"" ..... _ ccmference, have. agreed to. recommen McNARY] regarding that. I shall not insist -on action at thfS should like to challenge Mr. HopklilS' to name & single grade cross time. ing which ha.s been eliminated by him since that accident and since he bro~dcast his, plan more than a. year ago._ · Mr. ROBINSON. I · suggest that the Senator let the matter go over until next Monday. That statement is to be found in page 7439 of the CoN Mr. SHIPSTEAD. Very well. GRESSIONAL RECORD of May 18, 1936. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair understood the Sen In reply to the charge of the Senator from Iowa it may be ator :from Oregon [Mr. McNARY1 to say that so far as he stated that 13 grade-crossing projects had been completed as could prevent it, he did not intend to have the Senate act of April 30, 1936; 680 more were under construction, and an UIX>n any proposed legislation today. Is that correct? · additional 508 projects had been approved for construction. Mr. McNARY. That is absolutely correct. I suggest tO Under the _terms of the Emergency Relief Appropriation the Senator from Minnesota that he might enter his motion Act of 1935 funds for the elimination of grade-crossing now. hazards are apportioned by the Secretary of Agriculture to The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair is now advised that the several States in accordance with a formula prescribed the motion was entered on Satureay. It is now pending. by the act. The work is performed under. the Bureau of Public Roads of the Department of Agriculture, not under the Mr. SHIPSTEAD. Mr. President, I thought that on Sat Works Progress Administration. urday there was only a notice of intention to enter the Considering the elaborate preparations which are neces motion. sary before a grade-crossing project is undertaken, this rec The VICE PRESIDENT. The Journal shows that the ord of progress reveals real accomplishment on the part of Senator entered the motion on Saturday. the Bureau of Public Roads in the elimination of grade ELIMINATION OF GRADE CROSSINGS crossings. Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, the 'Senator from Iowa In connection with this statement I ask unanimous con ~nt tha~ in '[Mr. DICKINSON], in the course of his speech in the Senate on there may be printed the RECORD as a part of May 18, made the following statement: my remarks a table showing the current status of United States works program grade-crossing projects as provided by We all remember, I hope, how he [Mr. Hopkins) was planning to the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. , ellm.1nate all the dangerous grade crosslngs. Even the President talked extravagantly about the proposal following a. frightful acci There being no objection, the -table was ordered to be dent at Rockville, Md., 1n which 14 school children were k1lled. I printed in the RECORD, as follows: Current atattU of United Statu work& program grade-couing projecl3 (a.t prOtJided brt the Emageney &lief Appropriation Act of 19M) a.t of Apr. ~. 19S8 [Bureau of Public &ads] . Completed Under construction Approved for construction Number Number Balance ~ Number of funds State Apportion- Estimat- elimi- available ment ed total P!= nated by Estimated Works pro- Elimi- Protect- Esti.Inated Works pro- Elimi- Protect for new · cost funds ti~onparnorr-e- total cost gram funds nated by ed by total cost gram funds nated by ed by projects separa- signals separa- signals location tion or re- or other- tion or re- or other- location wise location wise Alabama______$4,034,617 $9,124 $9,124 1 $2, 276, 007 $2,276,607 24 $1.473,819 $1.473,819 12 5 $275,067 Arizona._ ___ 1, 256,099 41,412 4.7,412 1 814,319 664,815 8 158,526 158,526 1 385,346 Arkansas ___ ----- 3, 574,060 ------1. 057,577 1,053,890 23 1.179, 707 1, 177,877 22 1, 342,294 California ______7,486, 362 ----- 6, 018,361 5, 774,181 35 385,220 384,122 ------Colorado ______------4 ------1. 328,059 2, 631, M7 1, 116,543 1,095, 543 18 150,000 150,000 2 1. 386,024 Connecticut___ 1, 712,684 ------Delaware _____ ------1, n2, 684 ~8,239 ------~8, 239 Florida __ ------2,827,883 ------1. 424,039 1,421, 728 13 277,906 ---m:soo- 2 ------1, 128,248 Georgia_------4, 895,949 ------10,581 10,581 ------344,859 344,859 5 4, 540,510 Idaho ______1, 674,479 ------852,091 852,091 12 ------lllinois_____ ------822,388 10,307,184 2,295,648 2, 295,648 24 3, 758,231 --a:7ss:zjr ------32 ----- 4, 253,305 Indiana______5,111,096 ------1, 996,918 1, 996,918 Iowa ______------17 1, 515,168 1, 515,168 5 1, 599,010 5,600,679 7,303 -?:ooo- 1,518, 955 1, 451,000 30 1, 220,745 1,164,500 29 2, 978,179 Kansas _____ 5, 246,258 2, 182,819 2, 182,819 24 2, 773,990 2, 773,990 Kentucky ______------29 1 289,4b0 3,672, 387 ------·- 957,612 957,612 12 1,804.,573 1,279,545 9 1,435, 230 Louisiana ______3, 213,467 48,202 48,202 1, 587,938 1, 291,651 Maine ______------6 ------17 l, 873,614 1,426,861 ------366,936 366,603 295,4.80 295,480 8 764,779 Maryland __ ----·--- 2, 061,751 ------60,000 60,000 1 965,247 942,778 6 1,058, 973 MassRcbusetts ___ 4, 210,833 ---- 956,239 956,239 6 4.16, 981 416,981 3 2,837, 613 Michigan ______6, 765, 197 -rn:-850- --12(&50- 1 4, 519,25.2 4, 519,252 36 1, 197,200 1, 197,200 8 926,895 Minnesota ____ 5, 395,4.41 1, 014,882 1, 008,832 17 1, 194,618 1, 194,618 33 Mississippi _____ ------8 3,191, 991 3, 241,4.75 ------1, 458,857 1, 458,857 29 550,817 55~817 13 1 1, 231,800 Missouri__ ___ 6, 142, 153 ---- 1,409,308 1,409,308 11 3,362,170 3,34.8, 902 Montana _____ ------20 1, 383,942 2, 722,327 ------2,165,879 2,165,879 34 «1,025 441,025 3 115,424 Nebraska ____ 3, 556,441 ------1,502, 013 1, 502,013 411 622,739 622,739 20 1. 431,689 Nevada______887,260 40,669 40,669 1 278,735 278,735 6 388,882 388,882 3 178,974 New Hampshire_.:_ 822,484 ------~.624 ~,624 ------164,763 164,763 3 450,097 New Jersey---- 3,983,826 ----3- 685,340 685,340 4 367,714 367,714 1 2, roo, 771 New Mexico ___ 1, 725,286 -ri(iiii- --m;iiir 378,820 378,820 5 559,674 54.7,503 I 662,773 New York ______13,577,189 ------5,859, 232 5, 5ffl, 586 19 2,64.9,670 2,549, 390 5 5, 430,213 North Carolina____ 4,823, 958 1~268 10,268 ------1.132,832 1, 132,832 13 475,497 475,497 7 3,205, 360 North Dakota ____ 3,~.473 ------201,184 201,184 li 440,764 4.40, 764 17 2, 565,525 Ohio ______8,439,897 ------206,4.98 206,498 1 828,050 818,050 7 7, 4.15, 349 Oklahoma __ ----- 5, 004,711 ------1, l!XJ, 729 1.166, 729 23 1, 263,250 1, 258,250 19 2, 589,731 Oregon ______2, 334,204 ------920,425 919,886 10 l, 438, f!J7 1, 314,364 9 99,954 Pennsylvania___ 11,483,613 ------912,186 880,819 16 ------2, 502,462 2, 482,596 21 ------8, 120,198 Rhode Island ______699,691 ------665,505 635,386 4 ------64,305 Booth Carolina ____ 3,059, 956 ------958,685 954,232 20 ------244,723 244,723 5 1, 861,001 South Dakota___ 3, 249,086 51.774 51,774 531,697 531,697 12 ------317,092 317,092 9 2, 348,523 Tennessee ______3, 903,979 365,701 365,701 9 248,032 248,032 4 7 3, 290,24.6 Texas ______------10,855,982 34,420 34,420 2 3, 163,714 3, 04.2, 357 ~ ------3, 246,266 2, 845,758 32 4,933,448 Utah ______1, 230,763 ------392,410 392,410 4 ------246,951 234,897 4 603,456 Vermont______729,857 ------.------432,826 431,467 5 ------75,066 75,066 4 223,323 Virginia____ ------3, 774, '}}37 ------oro, 432 4.89, 103 11 934,089 934,089 30 2, 351,095 washington._____ 3, 095,041 ------1, 722,370 1. 717,570 19 1 178,600 178, M9 4 1,198, 902 West Virginia__ 2,677,937 ------·------387,238 387,238 2 2, 290,699 Wisconsin ______5,022, 683 ------2, 345, 175 2,336, 297 20 635,807 635,807 7 2,050, 579 1, 360,84.1 55,366 55,365 2 112,085 l12,085 1 102,599 102,598 1 1,090, 793 ~~f~oiilliil>iL 410,804 ------166,697 166,697 2 253,264 238,616 1 5,491 Hawaii ___ ------4.53, 703 ------296,218 295,333 3 ------158,370 TotaL _____ 196,000, ()()() 514,377 514,073 13 59,666,758 58,645,006 679 1 43,525,949 42,010,992 4.79 '2.9 94,829,929 193Q :.CONGRESSIONAL R~CORD-SENATE 9205 LOW-COST HOUSING PROGRAM part of other representatives of the State of New Mexico, and Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President, on Saturday last I stated by the Indian Bureau, by officials of the State of New Mexico, that on this day I would attempt to secure consideration of and by various citizens. A compromise was agreed upon at ·a bill which I have introduced~ the so-called housing bill. that time, a compromise which, I was informed and believed, Of course, in view of the agreement which has been stated dealt fairly with the situation. by the Senator from Arkansas, with which, of course, I am I might say that it has been my opinion at all times that in accord, and which will guide me, I am not able to secure the boundaries should be fixed and should be definitely set consideration of the preposed legislation, but if the parlia tled and located for the interest of all parties involved. So in mentary situation permits I shall at the first opportunity a the spring of 1935 I withdrew previous objection which I had week from today attempt to secure consideration of the bill. made to the bill, and, in fact, offered in the Senate an amend ment which embodied a substitute and a compromise agree INTERNAL-REVENUE TAXATION-AMENDMENT BY SENATOR M'ADOO ment. Mr. McADOO. On Friday last I submitted an amend On May 28, 1935, the substitute measure was reached on a ment to the revenue bill on behalf of my colleague, the regular call of the calendar. I did not object to the passage senior Senator from Califoniia [Mr. JoHNSON] and myself, of the·bill and it passed the Senate. My colleague the junior which was adopted by the Senate. I ask unanimous con Senator from New Mexico [Mr. CHAVEZ] had just then become sent to insert in the RECORD at .a convenient time the rea a Member of this body. I believe he had been a Member but sons which prompted me to submit the proposal. 8 days. He was out of the Chamber at the time the bill passed The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair the Senate by unanimous consent. When he entered the bears none, and pe!mission is granted. Chamber he.came to me and asked about the bill, and I in MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE formed him that it had been passed. He said he was not · A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. satisfied with the bilLand not.entirely familiar with the com Chaffee, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House promise which had been agreed upon.". Thereupon,. at .his insisted upon its amendments to the bill · Mt-: LEWIS. Does the · Senator 'feel -there· wa.S ground or · l ask }lermission to insert in-the R~C'OJID' at ·thls point sev foundation in the facts for their statements? · eralletters, newspaper clippings, and ~.reso~utions which relate Mr. HATCH. Certainly, I should Sa.y, in answer to -the to the Navajo situation. · question, that no ·.secretary of the Interior, no Coiiliilissioner There being no objection, the letters, newspaper clippings, of !ndian Marrs would make a. statement without ground and resolutions Will be printed in. the RECORD, as follows: therefor. THE TAXPAYERS' AssOCIATION OF NEW MExico, Mr. LEWIS. Have subsequent developments shown there Santa Fe_. N. Me:t., May 4, 1935. were grounds sufiicient indicate that there might have Bon. CARL A. HATCH, to United States Senate Building, Washington, D. 0. been a terror such as indicated in the ed.itortals? MY DEAR SENATOR HATCH: With reference to the purchase of Mr. HATCH. I do not know from what source the Secre lands now in prtva.te ownership in New Mexico by the Federal tary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Mairs Government, the Taxpayers' Association of New Mexico agrees with the contention that no further purchases should be made by the obtained their information. I ani certain that they had Federal Government of land to be added to Indian Reservations. information which they at least believed justified their state Such purchases reduce taxable values for State, county, and school ments. The ·sources of' information which I have do not purposes in the State and serve as a hardship upon those who are now using la.nd for grazing purposes. lead me to believe such as was expressed by the Secretary It has been the contention of the Taxpayers' Association that of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. there are certain areas adJacent to national forests which would Mr. LEWIS. But the Senator feels that the Secretary of receive better care a.nd be 1n the public interest if owned by the the Interior, Mr. Ickes, must have been informed and Federal Government a.nd made a part of the national forests. One example of this is found in the region near Cloudcroft. There sincere in his fears in the matter. a.re forest areas in that region which should not be permitted to Mr. HATCH. Certainly, I would not seek to create any fall into the hands of private owners for lumbering purposes. One other impression, because I am sure that otherwise the o! New Mexico's greatest assets 1s found in the recreational areas afforded by the national forests. These areas should be enlarged Secretary of the Interior would not have made a statement as much as possible and it is our hope that some way w11l be of that sort. · found whereby the Federal Government may, by purchase or ex But continuing with the editorial from the Albuquerque change, add lands that are SUitable for recreational forests to the national forests. Tribune: . We join in the protest against the buying up by the Federal _It is always. dangerously easy for those who don't know to mini Government of large areas of gra.z1ng land to be added to Indian mize a situation, a.nd we do not wa.nt to fall into that error. But reservations or to be used for any other pmpose except such as we do doubt very seriously that conditions on ~~~ Navajo Reserva are now served by the national forests. tion are as they were pictured at Washington yesterday. Stockmen Very truly yours, who live on the reservation sa.y both stateme~ts are , abs\J!d. RUPERT F. AsPLUND, Director. It is well, in view of the uncerta.lnty, that a senatorial committee is to come out here to investigate. . . · GALLUP, N. MEL, May 13# 1935. Mr. Colller ma.inta.tns that Navahos a.re being.pushed from their Bon. CARL A. HATCH, ranges. He holds that extension of ~avajo boundaries ts imper United States Senator, :.~...... ative. Hon. J. J. DEMPSEY, Many New Mexicans, including livestock men from the North Member of Congress, west, say bluntly that what the Navahos need is water and train Washington, D. 0. - ing in the care of their flocks. They declare that contrary to popu GEN'I'LEMEN'! The Ta.xpa.yers' Association of. McKlnley County, ot lar report the Navaho is not a natural herdsman; they say the In which I a.m president, is on record as opposed to the extension of dian has much to learn about utilizing the range for the maximum the Navajo Indian Reservation. and that opposition has not at any: benefits. They say water a.nd tr&1n1ng should be one of the first time been withdra.wn. · ' concerns Qf the Indian Service. · ·-At various meetings that have been held to discuss the·proposed Others opposed ·to Collier's Indian policy say that his herd-re extension the taxpayers have not been given a. chance to express duction order is the cause of discontent. They say that the In themselves. Recently a meeting was held in Santa. Fe for the pur dians, having disposed of part of the flock; expect erOsion control pose of reaching an agreement, but this association had no repre and soU· conservation to transpire 1mmed1&tely, which of course it sentative there and we had not been advised of the time of the does not. . meeting. It appears that under the agreement reached at Santa. We confess that we do not understand the Navajo situation. We Fe, San Jua.n County secured the elimination of several townships wonder if anyone does. We know positively that a.n understand in that county. But McKinley County, practically unrepresented, ing of reservatlon problems cannot be had from our own swivel secured nothing of value. chair in Albuquerque. From Washington, perhaps, yes. This county has a heavy -bonded indebtedness, and to take Congress ca.n separate facts from prejudices and actual1t1es from thousands of acres of land from the tax rolls w1ll increase the propaganda by .sending a committee of level-headed solons to the burden on the taxpayers. This is only one of several objections, scene. The sooner 1t 1s done the better for all concerned. but it alone is sumctent. If this bill is likely to come up for passage again a.t this session:, Mr. President, again the editorial emphasizes my own we Wish to be given time in which to make our protest stronger. views, views which I entertained when I asked that the Our opposition to the extension was recorded in the minutes of committee go to New Mexico to investigate for itself, be a meeting of the association held more than a. year ago, o! whicb. the Senate committee has a. copy. cause it is quite true that such a committee could "separate We cannot conceive of anything more detrimental to the county facts from prejudices and actualities from propaganda." tha.n this proposed extension, a.nd we wish to express our a.ppre..: That is all the citizens of the State of New Mexico ask or elation to our representatives who have protected us from what we cannot otherwise view than as a curse to the county. We are desire. friendly to the Indians and desire to a.1d them in every wa.y, bW. Mr. President, I have in my files numerous letters, com we are against the extension. . munications and newspaper comments concerning the situa Thanking you for keeping us advised, I remain, tion. I do not want to take the time of the Senate unduly. Very truly yours, I. H. FORD, I have already spoken longer than· I had intended. How President.. McKinley County 'l'arpayertt Associaticm. ever, some of these matters .are very important. It is im portant to show, as the editorial which I have read does Resume of facts concerning Navajo Reservation extension in New Mexico: show, that there is a decided conflict of opinion in the 1. All meetings have been called on too short notice, due ta State of New Mexico, that the matter. is not settled, that the fact that very few people 1n country have phones, a great num.. further information is needed, and that it is desirable to ber o! them receiving mail only once a week, and that we have have a committee go into the State and learn the facts. nothing but weekly. newspapers, it has been impossible to notify, more than a small percentage ot the taxpayers. The facts which I have presented, and further facts which 2. San Juan County has at present 78 townships inside reset• the committee would undoubtedly learn, I submit, clearly va.tions a.nd 77 outside reservations, this 77 including quite a show that the junior Senator from New Mexico [Mr. CHA number of Indian allotments which are nontaxable. 3. The Indian Department is at present and· has been for a; VEZ] and I were amply justified in asserting an opposition to number of years leasing the bulk of the Jlca.rilla Apache Reser .. the bill and asking that thorough investigation be had. In v~tion and the Ute Strip Res~vatlon to white stockmen in san: fact, as the matter appears to me today, I believe we would JU~ County. Is it fair or sensible to take this valuable land the from the tax rolls of the county and give to Indians when they; not have been faithful to our duty to people of our have a surplus of.India.n lands to lease in tht$ manner? State if we had permitted the bill to become a law -:without . 4. The Indians at present holding allotments on the proposed asking for full and complete investigation. strip in San Juan County lease their allotments to white stock- 1936 ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9209· men for at·least 6 months of the year, some of them ·leasing for a few outiYillg sections -in place such as 16, 36, 2, and 3!. ~- Por a period of 5 years This should be ample proof that they have, ,all such sections that_were on la.nd gran~ and the lndian.reser more land than they need at the present· time. · Many of these vations, etc., they have given us lieu lands, whlch. were all selected _ Indians have no other source of livelihood except for their ·blanket lands. weaving. -- - · , · - · · . What I am getting at is the ,fact that the Government only has. 5. The people now using this land have at great expense buUt in round numbers 13,000,000 .acres of unappropriated land 1n New reservoirs, wells, corrals, etc., at great expense to themselves and Mexico, and this is c?Jl l~d, naturally, as all the others have now stand ready and W1111ng to lease these same lands under the been selected lands, mcluding the homesteads. Therefore, any. Taylor Grazing Act. · kind of a trade that the State will make with the Government 6. Indians now living on this strip, 1f they need more range we will get the worst--of it. · OUr last legislature foolishly offered (which they do not) should lease the necessary acreage under the an amendment to let the land commissioner trade our State lands Taylor Act; just as any other stockman. · In that way each indi- for the Government lands, but it has come up for a vote on the vfdual Indian would get just what he needed, but no surplus of 17th of September, and, of course, this has to be approved by nontaxable land to lease back to his white.neighbors. Congress, and I hope we can beat such an amendment here and · 7. This proposed strip will take appro:xtmately 468 square miles that Congress w_lll ~ot insist upon such a transaction. out of san Juan County alone; also 30 linear miles and 35 square The Taylor bill IS making enough trou~le; and 1f carried out miles of stock drive which is very necessary for the d~ivery and along the lines as now proposed, it 1s gomg to be bad for the moving of live.otock in this country. The Government says that stockmen and will put many of them out of business. this stock driveway w111 be allowed to stand as tt· is, but to what I have no interest in this whatever, except my interest in New use as long as it is inside the reservation. Mexico, as I am not in the stock business nor the land business. 8. The proposed purchase of 4,000 acres of land just south of I hope you folks W1ll do all you can to protect us in this Bloomfield, N. Mex., in San Juan County. This is a legitimate emergency. buy, but at the same time it removes just. that much more land You.."S very truly, from the tax rolls of the county. It 1s proposed to water and J. F. HINKLE. improve this land for the -benefit of the Indians. Had the. Indian Department not bought this land, it would in all probabUity have INDIAN ALLOTMENT AND RESERVATION LANDS been watered and improved -for the white man. If not, it pays a There is now pending before the Congress of the United States nice sum in taxes to the county, as it is being used by a white an act entitled "The Navajo Boundary Bill", which will greatly in stockman: crease the Navajo Indian Reservation, thereby taking out of taxa 9. This county·ts at present unable to keep school teachers .paid. tion ·a large amount of privately owned land in northwestern New without Government aid, and taking this land from the tax rolls Mexico and working an extreme hardship upon those people en will greatly endanger our school system, of more importance to gaged in the livestock industry tn that area. the -country than -the few additional miles the 'lnd!ans· wtu gain We urgently request-that our Representatives in Congress work by the extension. - · · · · ' _· - - diligently -in defeating this measure.- and further request -that-the . 10. The Government representatives promise that .they_will build Indian allotment law be repealed at the present session o! Congress. roads and telephone lines to the day. schools; if and when built, - There is now withdrawn, by Executive order, a million and one will be of no benefit to the .taxpayers .of the .country, .for the reason half acres- adjoining the Navajo Reservation, which prevents this • that these lines w111 go fr.om -Crown Point to the day .schools and a.rea from being incorporated within the -Taylor Grazing;Act. · be of aenefit to no .one .except possibly .the trader.. near the .school. . ·-We - respectfully ~ urge -that this . Executive ~ withdrawal -order. be 11. Government representatives ..promlse that .there .wlll . be no relinquished and-the land involved ·placed under the administration further extensions asked for. Have these gentlemen the authority of the Taylor Grazing Act. to guarantee the actions of some future Commlsstoner _or_admini~ ~ {Adopted by ~ the New Mexico -Cattle Growers Association at tration 1 - • - . . . , annual convention, Sliver City, N. Mex.; Mar. 6 and -7, .1936.) , 12. -We find on personal contact with the taxpayers that. they a.re practically ·too percent opposed to this ·. extension. We are ,sen41ng ' Senator HATcH a petition that represents not more- than- 2 l;lours~ SAN J'UAN LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATION STILL OPPOSING EXTENSION-AGAINST work and is a 100-percent sign-up by those to whom presented. We ENLARGEMENT OF -RESERVATION:, THESE LETl'ERS SHOW - feel tlutt this is representative of. the feeling_all . over the country. . That the San. Juan, Basin ~ivestock & Grazing Association, o! The only persons whom we · have~ found who favor the extension bill . Durango,' has not altered its position in opposing the extension' o! ~ are those. few who have some .personal ax to grind-mostly- those the- Navajo Indian. Reservation is shown . by . the following: corre who -are in the Indian Department, or doing some kind of work for ·spondence~ - --This· is contrary- to- the report; that· the·· association that body. . . . . , ... }lad acquiesced to the extension .. 13. If this extension is made there will be a large number of The New Mexico Wool Growers Association, recently in session stockmen who wm just have to quit,. as it 1s a well-known fact.that ·at Roswell,-passed- a resolution against it. McK.lnley County _stock- ~ the public,-.dom.ain..grazing.Ja.nd.is stocked to the Umit; hence,they: -men are likewise aga.lnst extension.:" So.far-as..the liv.estock.industry . _,,....._. _ .... ~..... wlll have no other place to go. _ . is concerned, opposition to extension is practically unanimous. 14. At the meeting held in Durango recently the Government MARCH_21, 1935. representatives stated that there were only two sections of State Mr. J. E. Wn.LIAMS, school land being leased by stockmen. We have a letter from Mr. Gallup, N.Mex. Vesley, our State land commissioner, in which he shows that there DEAR Sm: Acknowledging :receipt .of your letter of the 19th, in is in reality 46 sections of school land being leased by white men, answer to one written by myself under date of March 16. and these sections are all improved at great expense. It would appear to the uninitiated that some people make state 15. We are glad to state that Mr. Clarence !den, of Las Vegas, ments that suit the occasion and for a particular purpose. One N. Mex. (president of the New Mexico Taxpayer Association), Will cannot help but believe that certain individuals interested from be in Washington Monday the 29th and wlll represent us in this several angles in the promotion of the proposed extension of the matter. He wlll represent not only San Juan County but the whole Navajo Indian Reservation will · resort to any kind of method in State in opposing this proposed extension. order to hoodwink the people in acquiescing in the views. They Senator CARL A. HATCH. do not want it to appear that they have made a failure in their DEAR Sm.: We wish to take this opportunity to ·thank you for undertakings. your assistance in this matter and assure you that you have our I am enclosing a copy of letter which is self-explanatory. We whole-hearted support in continuing your opposition to this bill, have at no time rescinded from the stand therein taken. which we feel is very unfair and unreasonable. Yours truly, Yours respectfuly, SAN JuAN BASIN LIVESTOCK & GRAZING AssociATION, FRUITLAND 'I'B.ADING Co. By C. L. RuSSELL, Secretary-TreCJ.3'Urer. Senator BRONSON CUTrlNG, THE FIRsT NATIONAL BANK OF RosWEii:.; Congressman EDwARD T. TAYLOR,~ Roswell, N. Mex., July 31, 1935; Wa.shingtcm, D . . a. Senator CARL A. HATCH, GENTLEMEN: Calling your attention to letter under date of Feb Washington, D. C. ruary 27 relative to a certain -resolution passed in which it might MY DEAR HATcH: I see from the newspaper reports that the plan appear that the · San Juan Basin Livestock & Grazing Association is on to add some seven or eight hundred sections of land to the ,had authorized such action, permit the suggestion that meeting Navajo Indian Reservation. Now, this matter was up when I was was called at the special instance and request of otlicials of the In Governor, and I went into it fairly and furnished all the data to dian department upon short notice, and not by the association. ·Senator Jones, who beat it at that time. Also, I think it was up And any action taken at such meeting did not voice the sentiments once since that time, and was beaten. If this goes through, it .of t.p.is association, and such meeting- was not called by the· asso will not only deprive many old settlers who have been living there ciation, and if so construed was_ not a legally called meeting of for 50 or 75 years, but lt will take some 200 sections of our school either Its members or board of directors and consequently the asso lands, all of which is leased for grazing or for minerals, and we ciation and its members could not be bound by any action taken have the mineral rights to all those sections. at such meeting. It was the sentimen~ of those present, with the The Government, of course, proposes to give us lleu land for exceptions therein noted, and is binding upon those present, some these sections, but they haven·~ any lieu lands left of anything of. whom were not members of this association, and not upon any like equal value. As you probably know, the State of New Mexico others. has in round numbers 13,000,000 acres of State land, about 8,000,- A meeting of San Juan County (N.Mex.) stock growers was held 000 of which belongs to public schools and the balance to the in Farmington, N. Mex., March 4 upon request of the San Juan various institutions. All o! this has been selected land, except County Livestock and Grazing Association for the sole and only. 9210· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4 JUNE 8 purpose ot explaining to the stock growers there present the pur- before your committee yesterday by T. M. Pepperday. publisher poses and objects of said orga.nlzation and the benefits to be de- of the Albuquerque Journ.a.l, in which ·tt appears (1)" that Mr. rived from · membership therein. ! Pepperda.y· advised your committee that the State of New Mexico At this meeting extraneous matters were brought up and con-.. is entirely in favor o! the immediate passage of the pending sidered. There were 42 present, other than members of the NavaJo boundary bill, and (2) · that he charged Senators HATCH association. A motion was made· and carried, with but one_ and CHAVEZ with political motives ·in urging a postponement of dissenting voice, req cresting the secretary of this association to action. The Associated Press story is somewhat meager as to address you, advising that those stock growers present were going details, and on that account I may m.isconstrue the purport of Mr. on record as unqualifiedly opposed to any extension of the Navajo Pepperday's statement, though from the information contained. Indian Reservation P.t this time or at any future period. It in the story it seems ·that the foregoing 1s the gist of what Mr. was brought out at this meeting that San Juan County, N. Mex., Pepperday said. embraces 155 townships, of which 78 are in the Navajo Indian On the point of the opinion of this State as to desirability Reservation, all to the detriment ot the State of New Mexico, the of the passage of this bill, you are advised that at a meeting of County of San Juan, and the stock growers of said county and the land-use com.mittee of the New Mexico State Planning Board, State and those outside stOckmen who winter-graze in said county, held last July, at which were present representatives of the should this proposed extension go through. Bureau of Indian A1fa.irs, both !rom Washington and from local Also, at this meeting, a petition was presented by taxpayers in points, an"- in pursuance of a request from the Bureau of Indian and around Fruitland and Watertlow, in San Juan County, protest- Mairs that our committee endorse the Navajo boundary bill, we ing the extension of said Navajo Reservation, and it was requested went into the subject wfth a great deal of care, and thereupon of the secretary of this a.ssocta.tion that he forward same to you. unanimously adopted a. recommendation with respect thereto, copy The original of said petition being enclosed in letter to Senator of Which I enclose. Cutting. You w1ll note therein they have 36 signers secured I do not intend to express any personal opinion as to the within a radius of 3 miles and within 45 minutes of time spent merits of the bill, nor do I undertake to advise you as to the in securing same. It was claimed to be a 100-percent signing opinion of the people of New Mexico other than as expressed in within the area mentioned. the recommendation just mentioned. I also enclose copy of an- We wish it fully understood that this letter represents the senti- other recommendation made a.t the same meeting with respect to ments of those stock growers present a.t this meeting and is the the Federal land purchases in the State, which the Bureau of authorized. expression of the San Juan Basin Livestock & Gra.z- Indian Mairs at that time was claiming the rtght to adm1nister tng Association. However, this association still stands by its for the benefit of the Indians, since that subject 1s so closely opillion expressed in telegrams and letters of dates prior to Feb- connected with the one now under consideration. _ rua.ry 27, which were authorized by our board of directors. We In order that you may form an tdea as to whether or not the believe that all stock growers and taxpayers are entitled to express land-use committee 1s in a position to express a State-wide opin their views in relation to this proposed extension of said In.d1a.n ion, you are adv1sed that it is an o:tll.cial committee appointed by reservation and that their opinions should be given serious con- the State planning board, and consists of the Commissioner ~f sidera.tion. Public Lands, the State game and :fish warden, a representative ot This lettet is addressed to you at the request of the stock the New Me~co Cattle Growers Association, a representative of the growers present at the meeting held in Farmington last Mon- New Mexico Wool Growers Association, a representative of the aay. It 1s to be hoped that you w1ll give them the same con- State game protective association, a representative of the sidera.tion as is given the representatives of the Indian Depart- University of New Mexico, a. representative of the New Mexico men.t, who are anxious to put over their program of extension. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, a representative of the Yours very truly, Department of Agriculture, a representative of the Department · SAN JuAN BASIN LivEsTocK AND GRAZING AssOCIATION, of the Interior, and myselt, representing the Southwestern By C. L. RUSSELL, Secretary-Treasurer. Conservation League. The committee is recognized by the De:- . . . partment of the Interior as the agency through which the Mr. HATCH. Mr. Prestdent, to show that oppOSition to Division of Grazing under the Taylor Act cooperates with the the Navajo boundary bill is justified. I now desire to present State. These members come from widely separated portions of for the consideration of the senate a letter which I have just the State, and, as you see, represent various and divergent inter- · ests. The two recommendations above mentioned were adopted received from a very eminent citize . n o f my ~ t a t e, a man unanimously except that the representatives of the Departments who is my personal friend, an attorney, a former judge of of Agricul~ and Interior on the committee, at their request, our supreme court, and at one time Republican nominee for were excused from voting. Governor of our state I rate him as one of the most out- The committee had no interest in any political motives, if any, . . · . · that may be influencing Senator HATcH or Senator CHAVEZ in the standing men m the state of New MeXIco from the stand- position they have taken against the b1ll, but, aside from any such, point of legal ability, honor, integrity, and public-spirited- since copies of these recommendations were sent them at the time ness. I desire to read the letter which he wrote, not in my of their adoption, I think you w1ll agree they had substantial · · th support from the State for their position. behalf but beeause o f articles appearm.g m e newspapers From several newspaper stories I have seen it appears that stating that my colleague and I were perhaps unduly object- collateral matters are being injected into the picture which will ing to the passage of the bill and that there was no senti- not assist your committee in arriving at a. proper solution of ment in New Mexico to support our action. The letter 1s your problem, and I fear Mr. Pepperda.y's statement ha.s a tendency ...... ~ hairm f the Com to confuse rather than to clarify the matter. a ddresse d t o H on. L YNN J • s:: ~R. c an o - Respectfully yours, mittee on Indian Affairs. C. M. BoTrS, Mr. LEWIS. Mr. President-- Chairman, Land-Use Committee, State Pl4nning Board. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from The resolutions referred to were in opposition to the New Mexico yield to the Senator from lllinois? Navajo boundary bill. Mr. HATCH. I yield. I think I have said all I should say about the matter at this Mr. LEWIS. Before the Senator reads the letter, may I time, except that there is a very serious problem which was ask whether the committee which the Senator from New called to my attention day before yesterday to which I must Mexico and his colleague ask shall enter into New Mexico divert my attention for a moment, because it may involve for investigation means the ~nate Committee on Indian the welfare of all the Navaho people in New Mexico. Affairs or a special committee? Mr. President, perhaps you are not familiar with the pro Mr. HATCH. Under a resolution which I am informed gram which the Commissioner of Indian Affairs has adopted was adopted sometime ago, the Committee on Indian Affairs in my State-a soil-conservation program of vast importance, of the Senate was authorized to send a subcommittee into but by which the Navaho people have been induced to re our State to examine into such questions. We are not asking duce their herds very greatly. I have no criticism of the that the full Committee on Indian Affairs go, but that a sub program, and I believe the Commissioner is acting with all committee authorized by the committee shall do so. the wisdom he possesses in what he believes to be the best Mr. LEWIS. No expense for a junket is involved? interests of the Navahos; but on Saturday an article ap Mr. HATCH. None whatsoever, except what would neces peared in the New Mexico newspapers to the effect that the sarily be entailed by the trip of such a. subcommittee. Navahos now face an increased reductio~ which will make Mr. LEWIS. I thank the Senator. a total reduction of 56 percent in their herds, and that the Mr. HATCH. The letter to which I have just referred land management director declares that this reduction is reads as follows: necessary for ranges. It is said that this additional increased ALBuQUERQUE, N. MEx., June 3, 1936. Re Navajo boundary bill. reduction in the herds is to be put into effect about the first Ron. LYNN F'RAziER, of September. Chairrna.n ot th.e Senate Indian Af!qirs Committee, President, I hope that statement is not correct. I Senate Office Building, Washington. D. C. Mr. MY DEAR SENATOR FRAZIER: The Associated Press, under a Wash hope the Commissioner of Indian Affairs will not insist upon ington date line of yesterday, carries a. story of a. statement made further reducing the herds of the Navaho Indians, because 1936 _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9211 • the people wlio are closest to the Indians, the people in that Evidently, however, the Indian Commissioner is not willing State who, in my opinion, know more about the Indians than to trust a conimittee of Congress to handle the proposed do anyone else, tell me that the reduction is altogether legislation, for- there appeared in the New York Times a unnecessary, and that it will amount to a great injustice not special article with a-Washington date of June 5, with head only to the Indians but also to the people of New Mexico as lines as follows: a whole. Says Navahos face death in land grab. Collier charges llvestock I have in my hand a letter which was written on June 6- barons in New Mexico are starving the Indians. last Saturday. It came by air mail today. It is from Mr. It is further stated that the Navaho Indian Tribes are in Clarence !den, president of Gross, Kelly & Co., a large whole danger of extermination because some livestock barons and sale grocery house in Las Vegas, N.Mex. In this letter Mr. Senator CHAVEZ, of New Mexico, are holding up action on the !den comments on ·this particular question and makes this Navajo boundary bill, which would give the Navahos, mind firm declaration: you, ·exclusive right to an additional 2,000,000 acres' of New The Navajo Reservation is not overstocked, and ln my frequent Mexico grazing l~d. Anyway, that is the effect of the Indian trips over the reservation I hear much from the Indian of the Commissioner's charges. On behalf of the livestock growers serious plight in which he is already placed, due to reduction 1n his sheep. and goats, and many of the families are now down to of New Mexico, on behalf of the State of New Mexico; on be the point where the returns from tne sheep they still have are half of the taxpayers of the State, on behalf of the schools not sufficient to enable the Navaho and his family to exist. of the State which I in part represent, and on behalf of the In the light of that information, I hope the Commissioner Navahos, I resent the ridiculous and absurd but nevertheless will not insist on a further reduction of the Navaho herds. serious charges of the Indian Commissioner. I could speak a great deal longer on this subject. Many The tribe is not in danger of extermination except as it things have been said lately which do not appeal to ·me. may be swallowed up by the Indian Bureau. When the There have been declarations that the citizens of New Mexico Navahos were placed in the particular area they now occupy represent predatory interests which are preying on the in New Mexico, there were only about 13,000 of them. Now, Indians, and that the stockmen, cattlemen, and sheepmen of Mr. President, there are something like forty or forty-five my state are, according to some alleged charges, thieves, thousand Navahos. That fact alone disproves the Indian stealing the cattle and stock of the Indians. I am not going Commissioner's charges that ruthless and barbaric white men to comment on that charge at length, as I should like to do, of New Mexico are exterminating the Navahos. but I shall say that I know the cattlemen and the sheepmen Mr. President, New Mexico, if any State in the Union, in New Mexico. I know the homesteaders, the farmers, has a right to be proud of its treatment of the Indians. business groups, and the citizens of every part of the State. From the time of Spanish occupation, through Mexican rule, I know that any man, whoever he may be, who insinuates or and since American sovereignty, the Indians of New Mexico charges that they are not high-class, honorable citizens, have been treated better than the Indians in any other sec speaks that which is not fair or just to them. The citizens tion of the United States. They are still living, which is more of New Mexico are honorable and high-class people, and they than can be said for the Indians of many other sections of are not thieves preying on the Navahos or any other group the United States. of citizens. The article proceeds to state that Secretary Ickes has said Finally, let me again say my only concern is to have the he fears bloodshed as a result of a tense situation created Navajo boundary settled fairly to all. To accomplish that among the Indians. The honorable Secretary evidently I am willing to cooperate with all agencies of government, knows very little about New Mexico, and his informants have the officials, and citizens of my State. I believe an investi neglected to give him correct information. There will be no gation by the committee will be helpful, but whether it is or bloodshed except in the vivid imagination of those who would perpetuate themselves in bureau power. There is no doubt not my opinion is that the early part of the next session will in my mind but that plenty of Indians would love to scalp see this question finally settled fairly to all That, Mr. politically the Bureau head of the Indian Service. I have in President, is my purpose and my desire. mind particularly a well-known and prominent lady of my Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, I have heard more about State, who accuses the Indian Bureau of interfering with the difficulties of the Navahos in the city of Washington than her domestic tranquillity, she being married to an Indian; I have heard in New Mexico in a lifetime. and there is no doubt but that she would like to scalp, politi I believe I understand the orderly procedure by which cally anyway, the Indian Commissioner. Congress passes legislation; and I should not take the time Mr. President, there is a tense situation among the Indians; of the Senate this afternoon were it not for the fact that but it has been created by the Bureau itself, by its despotic it appears that a bureau of the Government, instead of try and arrogant efforts to make the Indians subservient to the ing to follow the orderly procedure so long recognized by the Bureau's whims and caprices. The Navahos inform me that Congress, would pass legislation by methodS of propaganda, there has been hunger in some instances, but it has been by misinforming the unsuspecting, and by trying to put the brought about by the ruthless efforts of the Indian Bureau citizens of my State in a bad light. to cut the Navahos' herds, reduce their number of cattle, Mr. President, there is now pending before the Senate reduce their sheep and goats, and if they are hungry it is Committee on Indian Affairs Senate bill 2213, better known because the Indian Bureau may prefer them to eat South as the Navajo boundary bill. This bill was not introduced American canned corned beef when the Indians prefer their by the senior Senator from New Mexico nor by the junior own goats. Senator from New Mexico. It is my recollection that .no This is a matter of my own knowledge; for the Indian Senator or Representative from New Mexico at any time has Bureau cut down the number of their goats and their sheep ever introduced a bill of the purport of Senate bill 2213, and their cattle, and at the same time has in the past which comes before Congress by departmental request. shipped South American corned beef in cans to the Navajos. The Committee on Indian Affairs, on account of the con They, being good Americans, prefer their own goats to John troversial aspect of the proposed legislation, has decided to Collier's corned beef from South America.. make a complete investigation of the subject matter, and The fear of bloodshed exists only in the mind of the consider the measure from the standpoint of the Indian, Bureau. A majority of the white population of that area the stockgrower who has been grazing his stock in the area come from every _State in tl\e Union. A vast number are affected, the revenue from taxes that will be lost to the from the State of Utah. These former residents of Utah State of New Mexico, and which will naturally affect the are hard-working, family-loving, God-fea,.ring citizens, and schools of that area, and give the matter the committee's I resent either the insinuation by the Secretary of the In best attentions, and try to bring before Congress a bill that terior or by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs that there will meet the approval of the Indians and the whites. is going to be any bloodshed by the fine native people of 9212 CONGRESSIONAL · RECOR~ENATFl JuNE ·& my State or those who come from Utah; from Texas, ·from I proceed to· read something of what the Indians' think Missouri, and from the State of the Senator now presiding of the Bureau. The point I am seeking tQ make is that it over the Senate [Mr. LEwis in the chair]. I happen to is not the particular bill to which reference has been made know some citizens in that region from the State of Dlinois, that makes the Indian dissatisfied, but it is the treatment and I know they are not going to kill any Indians. he has been getting from the Indian Bureau itself. I read The Indian Bureau need have no fear that that class of further from the American Indian: citizens will annihilate anyone. I have received a telegram Recently Commlssioner Collier went out to tlie Indian country from Mr. Jacobs, president of the Northwest Growers Asso to induct Mr. Freyer into office, and the praises with which the ciation. He is not a livestock baron. ceremony was marked would lead one to believe that the new man had a lot of political pull, even 1f he did lack experience an~ · Mr. President, our stock growers are poor, practically judgment befitting the office. down and out, and to have them considered as grasping What Freyer lacked 1n wisdom, apparently, he decided to make barons and land grabbers is more than New Mexico can up in speed and action, and he promptly trained his guns on stand, even from an officious Indian Commissioner. Mr. the Shiprock district where the Navaho had displayed such courage 1n defeating the Wheeler-Howard Act. Jacobs has lived among the Indians for years and he called Secretary Ickes' statement of an uprising ridiculous. The What I shall read now indicates that the information Governor of my State refers to the statement as amusing; which the senior Senator from New Mexico I:Mr. HA'l"CH] A tense situation does exist, and, as stated before, bas been has is correct, that what the Indians want is not more land brought about by the present Indian Commissioner of the but more water: Bureau. Let us see for a moment what the Indians them- Some 3 years ago an irrigation project was started on the san selves, Navaho Indians, think about the situation. There is Juan River near Shiprock, and it was understood that tribal issued in the city of Washington a publication known as funds would complete the job. with ditches, etc. Indians were happy and promptly agreed to donate some . of the labor, and the American Indian. It is published by the Southwestern which they did. They are unanimous, practlca.l1y, in cla1.m1ng the Tribal Council of American Indians, with offices at San Bureau engineers 1n charge volunteered the plan of allotting to Diego, Calif.; San Jacinto, Calif.; and Farmington, N. Mex., each family 20 acres of irrigated lands under the ditch. In the in the midst of the Navajo area. Let us see what the · early part ot last Januaey, so·the Navaho people state, a meeting was called by the Bureau officials for the purpooe of carrying out Navahos complain about. the agreement. The Bureau official in charge appointed an Indian The article is headed ''Situation Among Navahos Bewll- committee of three to whom was given the power to allot the lands out as the plan called for. There was no dissenting voice, they dering." claim, and the task was completed. Tragedies in the great Navajo country are being enacted today 1 However, in the early part of Aprtl, following his appointment as which are without parallel during the last 60 years--since the general superintendent over the tribe of 44,000 Navahos, Mr. Freyet United States made treaties with their powerful chiefs in 1868. sent his representative to Shiprock and proclaimed that the .cle discusses what is said by the people who live orders from Freyer called for only 10 acres for each family, and The artl that in addition those who accepted the a.ss1gnment of the 10 in the Indian country, both Indians and their white acres would have to dispose of their sheep and goats. It they neighbors. kept their flocks, however small, they could have no land. The Indians, rightfully, were indignant. Those who live 1n the Indian country, -both Indian and his white neighbor, attributes the mental uprts1ng of the Navaho They are indignant, just as Mr. Collier says, but it is not to the pressure being put on eertain distrtcts because the whole against their neighbors, the whites, it is not against their trtbe of some 44,000 administered the Wheeler-Howard bill a crushing defeat. The Navaho people, always a.n independent and own people, but it is against the Bureau; and they have a proud race and an outstanding example of Indian thrift in sus right to be indignant. I read further: taining themselves by their sheep and weaving, refused to be In Superintendent Freyer decided to take a. hand in the irrigating timidated or rushed. It is now coming to light that the proud &llotment .matter and called a meeting of Indians and proceeded Navaho people had not accepted Mr. Collier's pollcies and sweep with his sta.ft' to Shiprock, where he met with the chapter officers ing changes which he put over 1n such quick order following hlB and interested Indians. He announced his pollcy; it called for appointment in 1933. only 10 acres and required that anyone who took the land must The mistakes made with the Navahos were similar to those made sell his sheep and goats. Indians were shocked. and. when they 1n many other Indian area,s-.-arbitrarily ignoring the desires of the protested in an orderly but frank manner, Freyer, we are advised, Indians themselves-inexperienced officials bent on making the was frantic. Navahos fit their plans, instead of the sensible rule of consulting He pounded his fist on the table and said that the Indians can the Indian. object or oppose the program from now on till doomsday; it is Probably the leading cause of the spilt between the Bureau and going to be carried out. He meant the sheep reduction will con4 the Navaho was the glartng m:ista.ke of closing all of the s1x agen ttnue along with the balance of h1s program. cies, to which they.ha.d been accustomed for so many years. If they are hungry, if they have nothing to eat, why Authority on Indian afrairs is quoted: should they not be indignant, when the Indian Commis Mr. M. K. Sniffen, of the Indian R.I-Jhts Association, which has sioner insists on taking away their goats, their sheep, and at times shown the courage befitting 1ts name, visited the Navaho their cattle? country last fall and brought back. a record full of mismanagement and inefficient rule. Listen to this: • • • • • • • And whfle it can readily be seen that Agent Freyer does not Mr. Sniffen found the citizens of Gallup (formerly referred to as know his Indians, he is adept 1n Bureau methods, for he resorts the Indian capital) frankly criticizing the New Deal {Indian) to practices of the dark past and sends poisoned propaganda over being handed the Navaho. He put the question. "What do you the Nation accusing certain Indians and traders of inciting the think of the Navaho situation now?" to some of the leading mer natives into an uprising o! . violence and bloodshed. chants of the thriving city, and got such answers as, "It is a mess." That is the information we have. - "'t ts one h-1 of a mess." This able writer traveled some 2,600 miles 1n the Navajo country during his 3 weeks' investigation ''with We can also see Commissioner's cunning hand 1n the news ears and eyes wide open", and concludes with the words, ''My inform story, for he says, "We know whom to blame." ants had been conservative in their description of conditions." In this instance he prefers to put the blame for any up A PROGRAM OF FREAKS rising in New Mexico on the poor cattle grower or sheep Persons interested in the present omcials of the Indian Bureau grower in my State. We are not going to stand for it, so far should read the full report of Mr. Sn11fin. but there may be trouble as New Mexico is concerned. in locating a. copy because all available copies were grabbed and destroyed. Again, if the Indians are hungry, it is because the Bureau We quote these New Dealers (Indian) who seemed charged with has taken away their stock and the Bureau does not keep its putting over the program on the Indians, seemed to be a group of promises. But we could be more practical-abolish the In supereducated freaks or sentimentalists, almost fanatical 1n their dian Bureau, get rid of thousands of Bureau agents who are admiration of their misconception•ot old Indian life, Indian culture, and its sufficiency for present-day conditions; they appeared to bold sapping the very lives of the Indians and who are receiving that the Indian could do no wrong-in effect, putting him on a. good salaries and a per diem, when in the field, of the money pedestal to be glorified. They were preaching an impossible that is appropriated by Congress for the Indians' use. idealism, and if those who knew how foolish all this was tried to hold the New Dealers (Indian) down to earth, they were guilty The personnel in the Bureau of Indian Affairs is becoming of treason. so vast that it will not be long before we shall have a larger 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE· 9213 personnel in the Bureau than there are Indians. I should not no wealthy livestock operators. -Our livestock operators are wonder if the Indians would starve under such conditions. decent citizens from every State in the Union. That is the So there is complaint and righteous indignation among the class of citizens living in a neighborly and peaceful fashion Indians, but it is not against their white ·neighbors. It is with the Navahos. Politics has not entered into this matter against the Bureau. Catholic priests, Presbyterian ministers, in any way whatsoever. I know several stock growers in that clergymen of every denomination from New Mexico, have vicinity who happen to be of Republican tendencies, but I stated to me that the lot of the Indian in the State is in resent the intimation that they are using political methods many respects desperate, and lay the blame at the door of just because they dare to try to be at peace with the In the Indian Commissioner. There is not a tribe, either dians and at the same time try to exist. nomadic or pueblo, that is satisfied with the way Indian Mr. Collier makes the charges that these livestock opera matters are being handled by the Indian Office. Taos is in a tors have used whisky to persuade desperate and starving turmoil, not against its neighbor or the whites but against the Indians to surrender their breeding stock and thus lose Indian Bureau. The same thing may be said of Santo De- their land allotments. That is another "pipe dream" of the mingo. This complaint is not confined to the Indians in the Indian Commissioner. Our .whisky problem among the In State of New Mexico or to the citizens. in the State of New dians is not any different than our problem with any other Mexico. class of citizens, and the Department of Justice and the In the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD of May 20, page 7619, Repre- United.states court in the State are trying to meet it. It sentative AYERS, from the State of Montana, is recorded as is not the white man's fault. any more than it is the In-· follows with reference ·to the Indian Bureau: dian's. An indication of this is the fact that at the last sit- The efforts of the Indian Department, Mr. Speaker, is not to ting of the United States grand jury for the district of New rehabilitate the Indians over the United States, but, on the con- Mexico a report of conditions was made to the court, and trary, the Indian Department is trying to communize and retard ·t d d th t 'f th G t 11 d · d t the Indian in this country. From a humanitarian point of view and 1 _recommen e a 1 e overnmen _rea Y esrre . o from a development and constructive point of view I firmly believe stop liquor traffic with , the -Indians. the Indian purchaser . . -. · · that the Indian Bureau is t:he biggest handicap we are confronted should be subject to penalties as well as the seller. with in our public affairs today. During my 4 years in Congress Mr. President, I have personal knowledge of what I am this Bureau has been the surprise of my life. Its every effort is to about to say. There are some Indians in the vicinity of take the Indian backward and not forward. The Bureau's only objective is to build up its own organization Gallup, N. Mex., who, of course, do not represent the Indian and its own personneL at the expense of the Indian, whom it is ideas of the Navaho Tribe, but, nevertheless, have .become so supposed to help and advance. accustomed to testifying before the United States courts on . The same day, May 20,. a statement was made by the good pretended violations of liquor laws that just as soon as a lady from the State of Arizona, Han. IsABELLA GREENWAY, a deputy marshal arrives at Gallup they come running around noble figure, the intelligent Representative from the State of to inquire whether he is looking for them, so that they may Arizona, who knows the Indians, who knows the stockmen, go .at Government expense to Albuquerque .and to Gallup, and knows the citizens of her State. What does she say with living at Government Indian schools and hospitals, but col-. reference to the Bureau of Indian Affairs? Speaking for the lecting their per diem from the Government. The Govern RECORD on the same date, page 7619, Mrs. GREENWAY said: ment takes them to Santa Fe. The Government pays them Mr. Speaker, it has been my privilege to serve on the Committee to go there. However, as I Eaid, they stay in an Indian has on Indian Affairs, and I am glad my colleague the gentleman from pital or an Indian school. Those Indians do not represent New York brought up the issue of the history of the unstable the majority. The .Navaho Indians are just like the rest of policy over many years and the extravagance of that Bureau. I th think it should be carefully and finally abolished, and the Indians e citizens of this country, good, bad, and indifferent; no should be given the privilege and opportunity of actual citizenship better, no worse. instead of subsidized isolation as a nation within a nation. Mr. Collier proceeds in his statement to the New York That is the situation in the State of New Mexico. We are Times to say that only by permitting the purchase with not having any difficulties with the Indians. New Mexico Navaho tribal funds of 530,000 acres held by whites in north for hundreds of years has treated the Indians better than western New Mexico can Indian sheep herds be rehabilitated has any other State of the Union. The fact that the In- and Indians again win a living. That statement tells prac dians reside in the State of New Mexico, that they live with tically the whole story as to the opposition, which is not a the white people there, can go to school and take their divided opposition, but is a solid opposition from the State chances of life like the rest of us, if it were not for the of New Mexico to a bill which will not take into considera Bureau of Indian Affairs, indicates that New Mexico has tion the rights of the Indians and the rights of the whites. not treated the Indians so badly as some have contended. - Mr. President, New Mexico is a-poor State so far as reve We certainly resent any propaganda to a different effect nue is concerned, but it is a progressive State. We are get being sent out from the city of Washington. ting new citizens. We are getting people from every state The trouble with the Indian in this country today, the of the Union, from Dlinois,.. from Massachusetts, ~ frOlll- Idaho, handicap under which he suffers, is that there is too much from Texas, from Wyoming, from all over the country. We Washington, instead of letting him solve his own problems. wish to provide schools for their children. We desire to give -What good does it do Congress to appropriate thousands of them good schools. However, if the Bure.au of Indian Affairs, dollars to send the Indian to school in Phoenix, in Albu- in its macl effort or idle dream to do I do not know what, querque, in South Dakota, or Wisconsin, and train him in proceeds to take away all our private lands, where are we your way and my way of living, and then bring him to going to get the money with which to put those schools in Washington and put feathers on him? operation? It is a problem. I know more Navahos by their first names than do both When it is said that the State of New Mexico is for the the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of bill in its present form, those who say so are not stating Indian Affairs. Those Indians desire to .take advantage of what is correct. Representatives from our State university, American education, American ideas, and try to fit them- our State agricultural college, · the State land commissioner, selves into American citizens to follow American traditions our Governor, our taxing authority, the president of the and ideals. They hate to be pampered. They do not wish State game commission, the president of the State Tax to be pitied. They wish the Congress of the United States .payers' Association, a representative of the Wool Growers' to give them real justice, and not bureau justice. They Association, a representative of the Cattle Growers' Associa desire honest-to-goodness, first-class American justice, and tion are members of our State planning board; and they if they get that there will be no complaint from the Navahos have to , worry, Mr. President, abuut. revenue in our. State. ·in the State of New Mexico. They adopted a resolution opposing the bill in its present The Indian Commissioner asserts that a handful of form~ wealthy livestock operators who are factors in New Mexico - AI~ that..the.senior_Senatot:. from New-.Mexico and all that politics are responsible for the Indians' plight~ I resent ,that"" ,thejunio Senator f.rom New Mexica..desir is .simp~ .to_ pro- ,_,...;:!~ ,. --= -·..:.•• charge. I have stated heretofore that in our State we have ceed in an orderly way by having a committee of this body 9214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA.TE JUNE 8 go into my State and investigate the Indian problem, investi est economics and related subjects, and for other purposes", gate the effect of taking away lands from our tax rolls, the approved May 22, 1928; effect it would have on our schools, and then come back and H. R. 8455. An act authorizing the construction of certain presenfto the Senate a bill which we could all accept. pub:ijc works on rivers and harbors for :flood control, and for I very much resent the fact that efforts are being made by other purposes; the Indian Commissioner to try to force me, and even to H. R. 9183. An act to provide for the extension of the force the Congress, to accept a bill by giving fantastic stories boundaries of the Hot Springs National Park in the State of to the newspapers of the East. Arkansas, and for other purposes; I may say, in conclusion, that I will welcome the Senator H. R. 11533. An act to authorize the coinage of 50-cent from Texas [Mr. CONNALLY] to the State of New Mexico. pieces in c.ommemoration of the seventy-fifth anniversary There will be no bloodshed there whatsoever. I will even of the Battle of Qettysburg; take him among the Indians, and he will hear no complaint H. R.11687. An act to amend the Federal Aid Highway against the whites or the Indians, but I should not be sur Act, approved July 11, 1916, as amended and supplemented, prised if he should hear plenty of complaints against the and for other purposes; Indian Bureau. H. R. 11920. An act to increase the efficiency of the Air Mr. President, I ask tQ have printed in the RECORD at this Corps; point, as a part of my remarks, an editorial published in the H. R. 12329. An act to reenact section 259 of the Judicial Albuquerque Tribune of June 3, 1936. · Code :relating to the traveling and subsistence expenses of . The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so circuit and district judges; · ordered. H. R. 12848. An act to provide an additional place of hold The editorial is as follows: ing terms of the United States district court in the eastern [From the Albuquerque (N. Mex.) Tribune of June 3, 1936] district of Kentucky, and to amend section 83 of the Judicial GET THE FACTS code, as amended; and The Tribune does not believe the Navajo boundary bill should H. J. Res. 467. Joint resolution authorizing the erection of :Q.OW be passed pending an impartial investigation., one unaffected a memorial to the late Haym Salomon. by partisan political animosities in New Mexico. We do not like the rush act of Secretary Ickes and Commissioner cnnL SERVICE AND T.HE ROOSEVELT AD~STRATION Collier. If white stockmen are debauching· the Indians with whisky Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, there has recently been and taking their herds and lands as Commissioner Collier introduced by the senior Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. LA charges in a signed statement in the New Mexican then the rem edy is not immediately in passage of a bill by Congress but directly FoLLETTE] and myself a bill (S. 4747) to extend and improve 1n the hands of Mr. Collier's law-enforcement agency. the civil-service system. · It is, of course, impossible to ex There has been opposition from the Navahos to some of the pect action at this session of Congress; the day of adjourn Collier policies on the reservation. The new controversy comes shortly after that opposition has been openly expressed. Let us ment is too close at hand and the subject is one of such find out what it's all about. Let the Senate dig into the basis of far-reaching importance that it merits much closer study excited charge and countercharge. than could be afforded now. Because of that fact, howev~r. . The Ickes-Callier statement that an uprising impends is either and in order that there may be a formal record of the pro highly serious or it is inexcusably infiammatory. We think the latter. posal, I feel that I am justified in taking the time of the It is vital to the welfare of New Mexicans, Indians and non-In Senate this afternoon to discuss certain aspects of this dians, that the senatorial investigation be conducted at the earli measure and of the civil-service problem in general. est possible moment. The committee need spare no one. It is only proper. to say at the outset, with respect .to this MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE--ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLU bill, that it has been discussed in various phases with Rep TION resentative RAMSPECK, of Georgia, the distinguished chairman · A message from the House ·of Representatives by Mr. Halti of the Committee on Civil Service of the House, and with gan, one of its reading clerks, announced that the Speaker others, in and out of Congress, who have recognized the ·had affixed his signature to the following enrolled bills and need of additional legislation in this field. That title of the joint resolution: bill which has to do with the extension of the civil-service S. 1073. An act for the relief of Louis Finger; · law to postmasterships of the first, second, and third classes S. 3818. An act to provide for the adjustment and settle is, except for minor modifications of language, the same ment of certain claims for damages resulting from the opera measure which was jointly introduced in the House and in tion of vessels of the Coast Guard and Public Health Service; the Senate at the last session by the able chairman of the H. R. 4688. An act to authorize the operation of stands in House Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, Hon. Federal buildings by blind persons, to enlarge the economic JAMEs M. MEAD, of New York, and myself. My own atten opportunities of the blind, and for other purposes; tion was first directed to the drafting of such legislation H. R. 6772. An act to amend the Grain Futures Act to early in the present administration when I was serving as prevent and remove obstructions and- burdens upon inter First Assistant Postmaster General under Mr. Farley, the state commerce in grains and other commodities by regu very efficient head of the Post Office Department. He had lating transactions therein on commodity futures exchanges, been directed by Mr. Roosevelt to have a study of· the sub to limit or abolish short selling, to curb manipulation, and ject made, and inasmuch as the division of postmaster ap for other purposes; pointments is under the jurisdiction of the first assistant, H. R. 7690. An act to authorize the coinage of 50-cent the task fell to my lot. The original bill was the result. pieces in commemoration of the two hundred and fiftieth Much to my amusement, let me say, the measure imme anniversary of the founding of the city of Albany, N.Y.; diately provoked partisan criticism from gentlemen who, H. R. 8234. An act to authorize the coinage of 50-cent throughout the long years their party was in power, . had pieces in commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary lifted never a finger to extend the merit system in the Post of the founding of the city of Elgin, ID., and the erection Office Department. "The bill is not to go into effect until of a heroic Pioneer Memorial; January 1. 1938," they said, "so that all postmasterships H. R. 8271. An act to amend the act entitled "An act to may be filled with Democrats in the meantime." insure adequate supplies of timber and other forest products The thought in my mmd in fixing the effective date at for the people of the United States, to promote the full use January 1, 1938, was to invite Republican support, by post for timber growing and other purposes of forest lands in the poning it beyond the presidential election, so that, in the United States, including farm wood lots and those abandoned unlikely event of the success of the Republican candidate, areas not suitable for agricultural production, and to secure an opportunity would be afforded the new President to make the correlation and the most economical conduct of forest certain that the principles of the nierit system would apply research in the Department of Agriculture, through research with respect to any Democratic appointee. Thus was a ges in reforestation, timber growing, protection, utilizatio~ for- ture· of good faith made the occasion of attack by those who i936 -- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· -SENATE 9215 when they were in power were quite content to roc~ along · gave instructions that no postmaster should be removed with what they now call the spoils system. without cause before the end of his term. If he had done SUMMARY OF THE MEASURE nothing else1 President Roosevelt by this order-and it was The meastire which the senior Senator from Wisconsin one that applied to every appointive office in the Govern and I present goes much further, however, than the inclu ment-established a new precedent in the treatment of par sion of postmasterships in the classified civil service. It tisan opponents. A change of administration had always undertakes a complete · revaluation of the personnel system previously meant an almost complete change of official per of the Government. Briefly it may be summarized as sonnel. Not only postmasters but United States attorneys follows: and marshals, land-office officials, and all the others who First. It extends the civil service to all postmasterships. had gained their offices by politics expected to and did lose Second. It expressly authorizes the President to bring them by politics-and that immediately. There was no such withfu -'the classificed civil. service by Executive order any expulsion under Mr. Roosevelt. Every· official confirmed by position or group of positions in any executive agency, the Senate who was rendering proper service was allowed to whether or not expressly excluded by law, except.those which finish his term. And this was the ru1e under Mr. Farley, as it are for specified terms and those which are in temporary ,was under every other Cabinet officer serving in the present emergency establishments. Cabinet, -and without regard to when the appointment was · Third. It creates a Federal ·personnel council under the made. ·chairmanship of the head of the Civil Service Commission During the campaign of 1932 one or two of the Assistant to coordinate the personnel administration of the entire Postmasters General under Mr. Brown went through the executive branch of the Government. country summoning the postmasters to conferences at certain Fourth. It provides for a general survey and report by the central points and instructing them with respect to the politi council on the extension to all bureaus, establishments, and cal activity and cooperation that was expected of them. We agencies of the Classification Act of 1923, the law by which knew about these meetings. We knew who participated in salary grades are fixed. them and we knew what was done afterward. But the par With respect to postmasterships it will be sufficient to say ticipants were not proscribed by Mr. Farley or the President, that only fourth-class offices, namely, those of which the and no removals were made except upon actual showing of .receipts are less than $1,500 annually and iii which the post cause and investigation by postal inspectors . ·master's salary cannot -exceed $1,100 per year, are now under It is proper to say here that the inspection service is the the civil-service law, the postmasters being appointed by the only one in which it is permitted to determine the political Postmaster General from eligibles selected by the Civil Serv affiliation of the employees. It had long been felt that the ice Commission. All other offices, of which the first class best interest of the Government wou1d be protected by main .consists of those having annual receipts of $40,000 or more, taining equal representation of both major parties among the second class of those having receipts of from $8,000 to inspectors, and President Wilson issued an Executive order $40,000, and the third class of those ranging from $1,500 to on February 16, 1917, requiring the inspection service to be $8,000 are Presidential. That is to say, they are filled for thus fairly divided. Mr. Burleson, Postmaster General under terms of 4 years by Presidential appointment. From the Mr. Wilson, was scrupulous in his demand that the equal divi earliest times it has been customary for the Postmaster Gen sion of inspectors between the two parties be maintained. eral to recommend to the President for appointment the Under his successors the Democratic proportion declined to candidates suggested by Members of the House or, when a a marked degree, and when this administration began, al district is represented by an opposition Member, by some though the Executive order with force and effect of law was other official spokesman of the party in power. still unrevoked, there were only 165 Democratic inspectors President Wilson set aside this tradition and provided by out of a total of 540. Under Mr. Farley the old rule of fair Executive order that candidates should be tested by the Civil and equitable division_has been restored, and at this very Service Commission and that the person standing highest on moment, out of 555 postal inspectors under the so-called arch the list of eligibles should be appointed without regard to spoilsmen there are only 242 Democrats as compared with 313 Republicans. It was to this inspection service, the morale any other consideration, political or otherwise. of which has been completely restored by the friendly, fair, WILSON'S MERIT ORDER CANCELED and efficient rule of Mr. Farley, that the investigation of all This order was canceled by President Harding immediately postmaster-removal cases has been referred. after his inauguration and the system of partisan selection Having thus directed that postmasters be permitted to serve was restored. Though the Civil Service Commission was out their terms and changing the Executive order governing still required to examine candidates, it was directed to cer the selection of candidates for appointment to restore the tify the names of three eligibles, and a method was provided provisions of the Wilson order permitting the recommenda for the disqualification of persons certified by the COinii:lis tion of persons in the Postal Service without examination, sion. During the short session of Congress immediately pre the President formally requested Mr. Farley to survey the ceding the beginning of the Harding term the Republican probiem and make recommendations for the amendment of Senate refused to confirm the nominees of President Wilson, the law so that the selection of postmasters would no longer selected by the strict merit system, thus preserving the have to depend on unstable Executive orders. vacancies to be filled by the incoming President according to As already indicated, bills were introduced by RepreseQ.ta the old rule. In strict accordance with the· traditional prac tive MEAD and myself more than a year ago. Another bill tice Democratic postmasters whose terms had not expired was introduced by Representative RAMSPECK, of Georgia, and wer~ requested by the hundreds to resign. The new admin was reported favorably by the Committee on Civil Service. istration went through the lists, and within a year little vestige Called on the calendar, it was objected to, on behalf of the was left of the Wilsonian influence and idealism. It is the Republican minority in the House, by Mr. RANSLEY, of Penn representatives of the regime which actually destroyed the sylvania. President Roosevelt has made clear his desire for merit ·system that now hurl the charge of "spoils" at Mr. the enactment of legislation placing the selection of postmas Farley and the Roosevelt administration. I ask these critics tershipg upon a firm basis of merit, so that every postal em to name the administration Republican Senator or Repre ployee, on entering the service, may look forward to winning sentative, or the Republican Cabinet officer who, in the years the highest posts. from 1921 to 1933, even suggested the restoration of the merit That this is in fact the goal of the present administration system in the selection of postmasters. · inay be judged from the circumstance that the Assistant MR. ROOSEVELT TAKES MERIT STAND Postmaster General in charge of postal equipment, includ At the beginning of this administration the attention of ing post-office buildings, is a civil-service career man who the President was devoted to matters much more pressing has devoted 38 years of his life to the Postal Service, rising than the selection of postmasters, but at the very outset he from a humble clerkship to membership in the little cabinet, !)21G CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~ENAT:m JUNE 8. Mr. Sniith W. Purduln, of ~ryland: In this conriection It niatic~l!Y;· frrespective -of Polities ~ wlllitever; but President n'lay be worth remarking that during Mr.· Puidiim's incum Harding, who came into o:ffice ·in: March ·1921, issued a new bency as an Assistant Postmaster General the whole vast, Executive ·order providing· that·- the Postmaster General country-wide ·program of post-office ·cobstructiori has been should appoint· any one of the three 'highest eligibles, with under way. · , out any requirelllent as to relative rank. The Senato:r may POLICY TOWARD TEMPORARY .AGENCIES draw his own deductions as to why that was done. Let me turn now to the second phase of the new bill au Mr.· O'MAHONEY. The Senator is correct. It might be thorizing the President by Executive order to extend . the interesting to point out that under that rule of President civil-service law and regulations to any position or gioup of Wilson numerous Republicans were appointed throughout positions in the Government except those in temporary the country because they happened to be first upon the emergency agencies and positions which, under law, have eligible register, and were confirmed by the Senate. specified terms. The reason why the temporary executive Mr. CONNALLY. In my old congressional district, in the agencies are excluded will, of course, be immediately appar second city in the district, that very thing occurred. .The ent. To bring such agencies into the civil service would be 'highest eligible was a Republican, and President Wilson in a long step toward making them permanent bra.Iiches of the sisted that he be appointed, though quite a number of eligible Government and certainly would constitute a serious obsta Democrats were on the list. . cle to their demobilization when their purposes have been Mr. O'MAHONEY. That happened in.. lllY own home city served. ~ of Cheyenne. The gentleman who was then appointed by No one, I am sure, will dispute the statement that it is President Wilson and confirmed by the Senate is still the post highly desirable that every temporary agency be eliminated master, and was recently again .confirmed by this body. when the necessity for its existence has passed.· Everyone In the second place, some of the .esta.blishments were cre will agree that the tendency of Government bureaus is to ated by Executive order under authority of the appropriation perpetuate themselves if possible. It must be perfectly obvi bills which provided for the emergency~ These organizations ous, therefore, that to give a classified civil-service status to expire with the funds that were made available for them. such positions would only contribute to extend unnecessarily How perfectly absurd it would have been to have made them the. life of the bureaus affected. permanent civil-service agencies! I am aware that an effort is being made to mislead the Consider, for example, the Works Progress Admiliistration, public on this point, and that certain political leaders whose which seems to be a favorite target for attack. This in object is to discredit the administration, and certain spokes strument of government exjsts only so. long as the appro men for Federal employees who have an interest in main priation which supports it. Yet the critics who condemn the taining a huge personnel in Washington, have been hurling administration for maintaining it at all aLso condemn the the cry of "spoils" at the administration because some of the administration for not having given its employees the same new agencies are not under the civil service. 'Ibrough the 'permanent status as those who carry the mails. In other daily press and the weekly and monthly magazines, over the words, in the same breath they .condemn tl!.e establishment of radio, and from the releases of the Republican National the unit and condemn the fact that it is not a permanent Committee the country has been hearing the lamentations establishmept. . . _ of those who profess to believe that the merit ·system, built . Demobilization of tP.e adntittedl:y large _establishments up through long years of painstaking care, is now in danger brought into existence by the emergency would have been of extinction at the hands of this administration. almost impossible had it been given the protection of the It is difficult for me to believe that the charge is made in permanent civil service. For the same reasons that made it good faith, for its responsible purveyors well know why these unwise in the_beginning, it would, in my opjnion. be positively establishments could not and should not have been created against the public interest now to cover these agencies into on the permanent civil-service basis. the. civil service. We can more quickly palance.the Budget In the first place, the emergency that confronted the an objective that is alleged to be . dear to the hearts of the President was in actual truth the most critical that has opponents of the New _Deal-by keeping them out. Accord beset this Nation since the Civil War. The economic crisis ingly, ·in this bill authority tQ extend the civil service to threatened the immediate welfare of every community and temporary emer&ency agencies is wit~eld. . of every citizen. Action was the need of the hour. The Mr. President, I cannot too strongly condemn the wholly President had to move into battle without delay, To have unwarranted effort of the foes of this administration to allowed the setting up of his agencies to wait until the Civil create the impression that the Roosevelt administration bas Service Commission had issued its notices and held its ex ladled out thousands of positions with political influence and aminations would have meant disaster, for these formalities political patronage as the only requisite for appointment. often take months. Nothing could be further from the truth. We have kept on REPum.ICAN POLICY UNDER THE R. F. C. a temporary basis the services which should be temporary, It was, therefore, provided that they should be set up and we have placed under the civil service those establish without regard to the civil-service law. But it was not the ments which were intended to be permane~t. Roosevelt administration that established this precedent. NEW PERMANENT AGENCIES UNDER CIVIL SERVICX It followed one already marked out for it by the Hoover I have here a list of agencies in which practically all posi administration. When the Reconstruction Finance Corpo tions have been placed under the civil service either by act ration was created by act of Congress, approved January 22, of Congress or by Executive · order of the President during 1932, it was specifically written into the law that the Cor this administration. The list includes: • poration should have the power to choose its employees The Securities and Exchange Commission. without regard to any of the civil-service laws. · Federal Communications Commission. With what grace can gentlemen of the opposition who The Railroad Retirement Board. approvingly watched President Hoover pursue this policy Bituminous Coal Commission. with respect to the R. F. C., criticize the same course of Motor Carrier Bureau of the Interstate Commerce Com- action as "spoils" when followed by President Roosevelt? mission. Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President--· Social Security .Board. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ScHWELLENBACH in the Labor Relations Board. . , chair). Does the Senator from Wyoming yield to the Sen- Public-utility reguiatiQn unde_r the Wheeler-Rayburn Act. ator from Texas? · Soil Conservation Service. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Certainly, Alien Property Custodian. Mr. CONNALLY. May I suggest to the Senator that Pres Farm Credit Administration. ident Wilson, when "be originally put into effect by Execu -United States Railroad Administration. tive order the regUlation that postmaster-S should be exempt, Central Statistical Board. provided that the highest eligible should be appointed auto- Certain positions in C. C. C. camps. I 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9217 The act establishing the Securities and Exchange Com Literally thousands of Republicans who held office under mission carried this paragraph: previous administrations have been continued at their posts, • • and the Commission may, subject to the civil-service and the files of the Federal Government show that to be the laws, appoint such other officers and employees as are necessary fact. Literally thousands of others who were Republicans in the execution of its functions and fix their salaries in accord or of other political faith were employed after this adminis ance with the Classification Act of 1923, as amended. tration came into power. The act setting up the Federal Communications Commis I say that the Roosevelt administration lived up to its sion said this: promise to establish the temporary emergency agencies on a The Commission shall have authority, subject to the provisions nonpartisan basis and to conduct them with the sole thought of the civil-service laws, and the Classification Act of 1923, as in mind of doing what was best for the great mass of amended, to appoint such other officers, inspectors, attorneys, ex American people. aminers, nnd other employees as are necessary in the execution of its functions. MERIT AND TRAINING IN THE A. A. A. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration, one of the The Tennessee Valley Authority was one of the agencies emergency organizations established by Congress outside of set up outside of the provisions of the civil-service require~ the civil-service law, is an excellent illustration. It had a ments ; but let me quote from the act establishing it: specific job to do, a technical piece of work upon which de In the appointment of officials and the selection of employees for said Corporation, and in the promotion of any such employees pended the prosperity and the future happiness of the entire o: officials, no political test or qualification shall be permitted or farming community of the country. The program was giVen consideration. but all such appointments and promotions placed in charge of trained men and women-and I may shall be made on the basis of merit and efficiency. Any member add that perhaps a majority of them were enrolled Repub of said Board who is found by the President of the United States licans, drafted from the agricultural colleges and universities to be guilty of a violation of this section shall be removed from office by said Board. of the country-and they were given an absolutely free hand in working out the task which was before them. Certainly It is generally agreed by competent and fair-minded critics there is not a man in the United states who can truthfully that the Tennessee Valley Authority has been as successful say that the A. A. A. was ruled by partisan Democratic poli as any organization possibly could be in selecting personnel tics. On the contrary, we know that many Democrats in on the basis of merit and merit alone. Certainly politics has the farming areas complained that they were actually ex had no part in the selection of employees. cluded from its administration while the key positions had Another bureau temporarily exempted from the civil ~een .handed oyer to the lifelong Republicans. I can hardly service was the Rural Electrification Administration, which 1magme anything further from spoilsmanship than that. is perfarming a unique and very necessary function in the OLD AGENCIES OUTSIDE OF CIVIL SERVICE rehabilitation of the farming areas of the country. The To those who assume that these emergency agencies were system of selection has been functioning so well that it won the first to be excluded from the civil-service law, let me say the approbation of the senior Senator from Nebraska [Mr. that even permanent establishments have been frequently NoRRIS], a friend of the merit system, in these words: exempted in the past. A classic example is the Bureau of The organization has a system, which, so far as I can see, comes very near being perfect. While they have not been under civil Investigation in the Department of Justice. With the excep service, no employees have been selected until they have demon tion of some fingerprint experts, it has never been under the strated their capacity to perform the duti~s they are going to be civil-service system; but that does not mean that the Bureau called upon to perform. of Investigation is not operated under the merit system or CHARGE OF "SPOILS" UTTERLY UNWARRANTED that it is a prey to the spoilsman. Far from it, as the events The charge that the Roosevelt administration has pro of the past year or two have amply demonstrated. ceeded to break down the civil-service system is based upon The Bureau is under the efficient direction of Mr. J. Edgar a series of allegations appearing in the press and magazines, Hoover, who has shown great personal interest and meticu every one of which was made by writers who failed to obtain lous care in the selection of personnel. I have never heard the facts before pro~eeding to indict the administration. any demands from Mr. Hoover or others that his Bureau Typical of this kind of misrepresentation was the charge should be placed under the civil service. The success of the that Mr. Roosevelt, during the first 21 months of his term Bureau of Investigation in tracking down the public enemies issued 3 Executive orders transferring to the exempt clas~ of the Government is proof positive that it can operate in 2,448 civil-service positions in the classified service. The meritorious fashion as it is now constituted. figure is altogether misleading, for 1,145 of these persons The Secretary of the Treasury years ago was authorized were employees of the Prohibition Bureau, which, on July 26 , by Congress to employ persons for special and technical 1933, was transferred to the Department of Justice. They services in the Public Health Service without regard to the were in exempt positions under President Hoover in the civil-service laws. Likewise the Bureau of Narcotics was Treasury Department, and they continued in exempt posi established by the act of June 14, 1930, outside of the civil tions when Mr. Roosevelt transferred them to the Depart service laws. The Supervising Architect of the Treasury in ment of Justice; so actually there was no change of status. 1930 was granted like authority for specific services. The Incidentally, a large number of these persons were originally c.ensus Act of 1929, passed by a Republican Congress, pro Republican political employees who are still in the employ VIded that supervisors and enumerators might be employed of the Government. The other changes were likewise made without regard to the civil-service law. for service and not for political reasons. Mr. President, perhaps the most serious charge hurled Those who have misrepresented this situation to bring a against the Roosevelt administration in connection with the false charge against the President have conveniently ignored civil service is that when it came into power the morale of the fact that during the same period he issued Executive every technical service in the Government was badly crippled orders transferring 8,511 positions from the exempt to the or destroyed because the members were immediately made classified service. Certainly, if there was any move afoot to subject to the spoilsmen's raid. One writer, without a vestige undermine the merit system, those transfers would not have of fact to sustain him, said the charge was proved by the been made. large overturn in personnel in those bureaus. A reporter for the New Republic went to the Congressional Directory for I wish here and now to brand as utterly unfounded and the answer to that charge. Here is what he wrote: ~nfair the charge that onJy persons who were politically alined with this administration were ~ven employment in Thumbing through these volumes it will be found that the rank ing personnel of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils is the same the temporary agencies established by the Federal Govern now as 3 years ago: in the Weather Bureau there has been only ment. Every Senator in this Chamber knows that there has one cha;nge d~ring the intervening period, Willis R. Gregg, who never been an administration in history which has been so was Actmg Chief at the beginning of 1933, having been promoted to Director; two changes have taken place in the Bureau of generous as the Roosevelt administration has been in em Standards during the past 3 years, both caused by death and ploying persons of merit, regardless of party affiliation. both filled by promoting workers who had long service re~ords; 9218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 8_ in the Food and Drug Administration two new jobs have been their inherent right to maintain complete control over their created, and both of these were filled by promoting old employees, but otherwise there have been no important changes. own Government. It is for this reason that the new civil service measure expressly reserves from the President the Thus fully and effectively is the allegation of spoilsman authority to put in the permanent civil service positions for ship answered. which specific terms are provided by law. These are the Mr. President, I assert without qualification that no ad officers through whom the President must act in a purely ministration in the history of the country has been more political capacity when he receives a mandate from the loyal to the principle of merit in public service than has people. this. True, an effort bas been made to prevent sabotage All other employees, however, should have permanent ten in the New Deal agencies by guarding against the appoint ure during efficient service. The Government needs highly ment of Republican political workers. There have been those trained intelligence and sound character, all on a basis of who were willing to seek and accept employment in New impartial merit, so that there shall be in fact "equal rights Deal agencies while at the same time working against the for all and special privileges for none" in the service of the New Deal program, and it was only the exercise of common people's Government. sense to try to exclude them-an effort which. I regret to To obtain this, our bill provides for a personnel council and say, has not been wholly successful. for a personnel official in every department and independent EFFICIENCY IN THE _POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT establishment. E'ach of these officials, and the executive I cannot leave this phase of the subject without referring secretary of the council itself, we would require to file a again to the Post Office Department, because it is under sworn statement that he will administer the duties of his the guidance of Mr. Farley, out of whom the reckless critics position without regard to either personal or political fa of the administration would make a bogeyman to frighten voritism; this because personal favoritism exercised by offi the guileless. In the June issue of the Union Postal Clerk, cials in key positions is a far greater menace to the merit official organ of the National Federation of Post Office Clerks, system than so-called political patronage. I find an article by Mr. Thomas Quinn Beesley, executive This measure is presented at this time, Mr. President, in director of the National Council of Business Mail Users, an the belief that it will offer a basis of study for all who are organization which is interested in postal efficiency and not interested in promoting the efficiency and protecting the in in politics, in which he produces figures to show that per tegrity of our Government as an instrument of popular sonnel efficiency is greater now than at any previous time progress. While the President has not had the opportunity in the history of the Post Office Department. I quote: of studying this particular measure, we may be assured that In fact, 1f the chart had gone into minute detail, it would reveal any measure passed by Congress, intended and designed to a still more surprising picture of what has happened from 1931 to improve the merit system, will receive the sympathetic sup 1935. If the same ratio of employees had been maintained in that period, there would have been 39.8 more employees in 1935 than port of President Roosevelt. in 1931, where actually-in 1934-there were 22,000 fewer. In The enactment of the bill presented by Senator LA FoL other words, the actual net increase in e1Jlciency during that LETTE and myself--or some similar one-is inevitable. In the period is really higher than the chart shows. Justice requires that this compliment be shared with the man meantime, I trust that we have had an end of untruthful agement of the Department in that period of 1933-34. I am sure charges that under this administration the civil-service sys no one will begrudge it. tem has been allowed to languish either through the inroads One could scarcely ask for a better demonstration that of the spoilsman or through neglect. the morale of the employees of the Post Office Department President Roosevelt has an incomparable record for ap has not been undermined by the present administration. As pointing officials to office on the basis of merit and without a matter of fact, there is a better feeling now among the regard to merely partisan affiliations. He can safely stand civil servants in the Postal System under Mr. Farley than on that record. at any time in many, many years. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the bill to It is true that there are fewer employees now than in 1930, which I ha;ve alluded be printed in the RECORD at this point but that reduction has been due not to any "raid" upon the as a part of my remarks. · merit system, as opponents of the Roosevelt administration There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be pretend, but to the fact that by the terms of a law signed by printed in the RECORD, as follows: President Hoover on June 30, 1932, the departments were s. 4747 prohibited from :filling any vacancies which existed on July A bill to extend the civil-service laws, to establish a Federal 1, 1932, or occurred thereafter unless the President himself Personnel Council, and for other purposes should certify that an appointment was necessary in the Be it enacted, etc., public interest. By the operation of this and similar laws the TITLE !-ExTENSION OF CIVIL-SERVICE LAws TO PoSTMASTERS SECTION 1. On and after January 1, 1938, all postmasters shall post-office personnel was reduced from 250,222 on June 30, be appointed without term, by the Postmaster General in accord 1932, to 236,927 on June 30, 1935. Incidentally, prior to ance with the provisions of the act entitled "An act to regulate October 1. 1933, post-office buildings were under the Treasury and improve the civil service of the United States", approved Department. They were transferred to the Post Office De January 16, 1883, as amended. SEC. 2. (a) SUbject to the limitations contained in section 3, partment on that date. The change, together with the large appointments to the positions of postmaster of the first and number of new buildings constructed in the public-works second class shall be made by the promotion of any employee drive of this administration, brought 11,000 new positions of the Postal Service employed at the vacancy omce who is found by the United States Civil Service Commission to be duly quali into the Postal Service, and every one of them is under the fied except that the incumbent postmaster may be reappointed civil-service merit system. This alone is conclusive proof 1f the Postmaster General recommends said incumbent and the that the charge of spoils is baseless. Commission finds, by a noncompetitive examination, that he is POLICY-FOIUIUNG OFFICIALS qualified for such appointment: Provided, That when the Post master General certifies to the Commission that no employee at In considering the public service, Mr. President, it should such office is duly qualified and the incumbent postmaster shall not be overlooked that the President of the United States is not be found to be qualified by the Commission, appointment m.ay be made, unless otherwise provided in section 3, of any person the only official who is selected directly by all the people. who satisfactorily completes an open competitive examination Members of the Senate and of the House are chosen by only held by the Commission. part of the people to represent the several States and con (b) Appointment to the position of postmaster of the third gressional districts. All other Federal officials are appointed. class shall be made by the appointment of any pe,.c;on who satis factorily completes an open competitive examination held by the In these circumstances, it must be clear that if the people Commission, except that the incumbent postmaster shall be re are to maintain control of the Government so that its poli appointed if the Postmaster General recommends said incumbent cies may be changed when the people desire them changed. and the Commission finds, by a noncompetitive examination, that all officials who exercise a policy-shaping authority should he is qualified for such appointment. SEC. 3. (a) Except as hereinafter provided, no person shall be be directly under political control. In no other way may the appointed to the position of postmaster of the first or the second people protect themselves against bureaucracy and preserve class who has not actually resided within the delivery of the office 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9219 to which he is appointed, or within the town or city.where the same status upon the satisfactory completion of a noncompetitive exam is situated, for 1 year next preceding the date of such appointment. ination held by said Commission. (b) The provisions of paragraph (a) of this section shall not TrrLE ill-FEDERAL PERsONNEL COUNCIL apply to an appointment to the _position of postmaster at a post office having annual gross receipts of $1,000,000 or more, but no SEctioN 301. For the purpose of developing in the Federal Gov person shall be eligible for an appointment to such position who ernment a more effective and economical system of personnel ad has not had ( 1) at least 4 years' actual experience in the Postal ministration, there is hereby created and established a Federal Service as a postmaster in a post office of the first class, or (2) at Personnel Council {hereinafter referred to as the Council), which least 4 years' actual experience as a classified civil-service employee shall consist of the heads of the several executive departments, in a supervisory capacity in the Postal Service or as a postoffice the President of the United States Civil Service Commission, the inspector, or (3) at least 4 years' actual experience in an executive Director of the Bureau of the Budget, the Chairman of the Inter position in which he had supervision of not less than 250 employees. state Commerce Commission, the Adm.1nistrator of Veterans' Mairs, (c) In any case in which an open competitive examination is the Governor of the Farm Credit Administration, the Chairman of held for the position of postmaster in any post office having annual the Social Security Board, the heads of such other independent gross receipts of less than $1,000,000 and the Civil Service Commis establishments as the President of the United States may designate sion finds no person with the residence requirements provided for by Executive order, and a civil-senice employee from each of the in paragraph (a) of this section who is eligible to take such aforesaid executive agencies to be named by the head thereof. examination, the Postmaster General may appoint to an office o! The President of the United States Civil Service Commission shall the first class any classified civil-service employee who satisfactorily serve as chairman of the Council. completes such examination and who has had at least 4 years' SEC. 302. The Federal Personnel Council shall (a) establish a actual experience in a supervisory capacity in the Postal Service liaison system between the Civil Service Commission and the or as a post-office inspector, and he may appoint to an ofllce of the several departments and independent establishments; (b) obtain second class any such employee who satisfactorily completes such information and other data concerning the employee training examination and who has had 3 years' such experience. activities of the several executive departments and independent SEc. 4. The tenure of office of any postmaster appointed prior to establishments and make arrangements for the coordination of January 1, 1938, shall not be affected by any provision of this Act. these activities; make available to the executive departments and SEc. 5. The Postmaster General may remove any postmaster from independent establishments such training facilities as are at its office tn accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the act of disposal; plan, establish, and supervise such employee training August 24, 1912 (37 Stat. 555). activities and programs as may be deemed advisable; and make SEc. 6. (a) E1fective January 1, 1938, the proviso of the first para such arrangements as may be deemed advisable to permit the graph under the heading "Office of the First Assistant Postmaster representatives and students of colleges and universities of recog General", of section 1 of the Post Office Department Appropriation nized standing and representatives of governmental research asso Act for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1922, approved March 1, 1921, ciations to observe administrative practices in the Federal service; as amended (U.S. C., 1934 ed., title 39, sec. 39), is amended to read · (c) in cooperation with other agencies and authorities, arrange for as follows: "Provided, That whenever the office of a postmaster be the development of a career service in the Federal Government, comes vacant, through death, resignation, or removal, the Post and encourage the transfer or promotion of competent employees master General shall designate some person to act as postmaster within the Government service by preparing and effecting plans until a regular appointment can be made; and the Postmaster for presenting to authorities in the several departments and inde General shall notify the United States Civil Service Commission and pendent establishments information concerning the training, ex the General Accounting Office of the change. No person so desig perience, and work records of employees of the Federal Government nated shall serve for more than 6 months from the date of his which may be used when appointments to vacant positions are designation except with the approval of the Civil Service Commis under consideration; (d) through its own studies, or in coopera sion. The postmaster so appointed shall be responsible under his tion with public personnel agencies or associations thereof, obtain bond for the safekeeping of the public property pertaining to the information concerning personnel methods, practices, or policies post office and the performance of the duties of his office until a in other governmental jurisdictions, and make such information regular postmaster has been duly appointed and qualified and has available to authorities of the Federal Government; through its taken possession of the office. Whenever a vacancy occurs from own studies, or in cooperation with advisory committees composed any cause the appointment of the regular postmaster shall be made of representatives of industry, business organizations, or educa without unnecessary delay." tional institutions, obtain and make available to authorities of (b) E1fective January 1, 1938, section 31 of the Post om.ce the Federal Government information concerning the best develop Department Appropriation Act for the fiscal year ended June 30, ments in personnel administration outside Government service; 1880, approved March 3, 1879 (U. S. C., 1934 ed., title 39, sec. 63), and make available to the public and to educational institutions is amended to read as follows: authoritative information regarding employment by the Federal "SEC. 31. Any person designated by the Postmaster General to Government; and (e) prepare specific plans for the improvement perform the duties of postmaster at any post office shall receive and coordination of personnel administration in the Federal Gov for the term for which he performs such duties the compensation ernment and cooperate with such executive departments and inde to which he would have been entitled if he were regularly ap pendent establishments as may adopt such plans. pointed as postmaster: Provided, htnoever, That whenever an SEC. 303. In accordance with the civil-service laws, rules, and employee in the classified civil service is so designated to per regulations, the Council shall employ an executive secretary, who form the duties of a postmaster he may receive either the com shall be an expert in the field of public personnel administration pensation of the postmaster, or the salary provided for his position and who shall receive a salary at the rate of $10,000 a year. In in the classified civil service, whichever is the greater." addition to such other duties and responsibilities as may be as SEC. 7. E1fective January 1, 1938, section 6 o! the Post Oftlce signed him by the Council, the executive secretary shall have pepartment Appropriation Act for the fiscal year ended June 30, charge of all research and administrative functions of the Council, 1877, approved July 12, 1876, as amended (U. S. C., 1934 ed., title and may appoint and fix the compensation of such persons (not 39, sec. 31), is repealed. to exceed - in number), either permanently or temporarily, as may be necessary for the proper execution of the work of the TITLE Il-ExTENSION OF Crvn.-SERVICE LAWS TO GOVERNMENTAL Council. Upon the request of the Council, the head of each de AGENCIES partment, independent establishment, or other executive agency SEc-noN 201. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the con of the Government shall furnish the Council with such data and trary, the President is authorized by Executive order to place within other information as may be necessary to the work of the Council the classified civil service as defined by the act of March 27, 1922, and shall detail employees to work under the direction of the Coun (42 Stat. 470), any position or group of positions (other than cil in preparation of the necessary data or information regarding those for which a definite term is fix~d by law and those in tempo h1s organization. rary emergency branches or agencies created by law or Executive SEc. 304. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of order after March 4, 1933) in the executive branch of the Gov any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums ernment which are exempted by law in force on the date of as may be necessary for the establishment, organization, and an enactment of this act from the provisions of the Civil Service nual main~enance and work of the Council: Provided, That the Act of January 16, 1883, as amended (22 Stat. 403). Council, Without regard to the provisions of any other act, may SEc. 202. The provisions of this title shall also be held to apply after estimate by the Bureau of the Budget and appropriation by to positions and employees in any corporation created under Congress, pay the expenses of persons, not in the United States authority of an act of Congress which is controlled or owned by Government service who are experts in some aspect of personnel the United States Government; whether or not the employees administration, in attending conferences with representatives of thereof are paid from funds appropriated by Congress. the Council or in consulting or advising with them; purchase SEc. 203. The incumbent of any permanent position which 1s manuscripts from, or meet the costs of special studies made by, a1fected by any Executive order issued under the authority of this private persons, corporations, or agencies at the request of, or in title who does not already have a classified civil-service status may cooperation with, said Council; pay the expenses of the representa acquire such status in his position only upon receiving a new tives of the Council to attend meetings of conferences on personnel appointment as a result of an open competitive examination held matters; and pay membership fees or dues in associations of per by the United States Civil Service Commission for filling the posi sonnel offices or agencies or in organlza.tions which issue publica tion, unless the head of the department, executive branch, or cor tions to members only or to members at a lower price than to poration having jurisdiction of the position shall certify to said others, payment for which may be made in advance. Commission in writing that the incumbent has se.rved with merit SEc. 305. The head of each executive department, independent for not less than 1 year, in which case said incumbent shall establishment, and other executive agency of the Government receive a new appointment and acquire a classified civil-service shall create in his organization, i! no such position has already LXXX--583 9220 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 8 been created, one. position the duties of which shall be (a) to su TITLE V-APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTION OF CIVIL-SERVICE pervise and direct the personnel activities of th~ department, in EMPLOYEES dependent establishment, or other executive agen~y in accordance With such regulations as the head thereof and other duly con SECTION 501. Hereafter, in the case of any appointment to a posi ·Stituted Federal agencies may prescribe; (b) to plan and ·super tion in the cla.ssi:fied civil service there shall be a 6 months' period of vise training programs for employees; (c) to consult with depart probation. At the expiration of such period the services of the ap mental authorities concerning personnel problems and advise them pointee shall be automatically terminated unless the appropriate as to transfers, promotions, and the proper placement of em appointing authority shall certify to the Civil Service Commission ployees; (d) to cooperate With the Civil Service Commission and on or before the expiration of the probationary period and in ac~ other authorities in the application of personnel laws pertaining cordance with such rules and regulations as the Commission may to the Federal service; (e) to supervise t he maintenance of per prescribe, that the appointee is deemed qualified and fit to receive sonnel records; and {f) to perform such other general duties, not a permanent appointment, in which case such appointment shall herein specifically mentioned or implied, as the head of the be automatically effected at the end of the probationary period. department, independent .establishment, or other executive branch , SEc. 502. In order to improve the morale of civil-service em shall direct. An incumbent of any position already created, or ployees ·and to bring about appointments and promotions on the hereafter created, within the intent of the provisions of this basis of merit and efficiency, the executive secretary of the council section shall, in the case of a department, independent establish and the personnel officers provided for in section 305 shall, upon ment, or other executive agency the head of which is a member of ~ntering the duties of their office or, in the case of an incumbent the Council, serve as the civil-service member of the Council for ~f any such _position already created, Within 15 days after the date such department, independent establishment, or other executive of enactment of this act, :file with the chairman of the council a agency provided for in section 301 thereof. sworn statement that in carrying out the duties of their respective SEc. 306. Nothing contained in this title shall be construed to offices they will not appoint or promote, or recommend for appoint prevent the creation, in the bureaus or other divisions of the sev ment or promotion, any civil-service employee on any basis other eral executive departments, independent establishments, and than that of merit and efficiency, and that in p.o case will they other executive agencies, of such positions, the duties of which permit any personal or political favoritism to influence their may involve the supervision or performance of personnel activities, action. If the council or any of its duly authorized representa as are deemed necessary to secure effective personnel admin tives :finds, after appropriate notice and opportunity for hearing, istration. that said executive secretary or any of said personnel officers has SEC. 307. In order to improve the methods of personnel admin violated any of the provisions of this section, said executive istration in the Federal Government, and, in particular, to pro secretary or personnel officer shall be removed from office. vide a more effective means of regulating and controlling the com pensation of employees occuping positions not now ·subject to the Mr. O'MAHONEY. I also ask that there be printed in the Cl~ification Act of 1923, as amended, it is declared to be the RECORD the memorandum from the Union Postal Clerk, by policy of Congress to extend the provisions of said act, as amended, Thomas Quinn Beesley, containing a statement of the in to such positions, including those in the :field services, as nearly creased efficiency in the Postal Department. and as soon as the conditions of good administration will war rant. To this end it shall be the duty of the Council to make a The PRESIDING OFFICER Mr. McNARY. I think there is perfect harmony between POSTMASTERS the Northwestern States with respect to the treaty, but it The Chief Clerk proceeded to read sundry nominations· of should go over under the general agreement. postmasters. :rvrr. PI'ITMAN. The Senator is justified in raising the Mr. McKELLAR. I ask that all nominations of post same question. Accordingly, all treaties on the calendar masters on the calendar be confirmed en bloc. may go over at this time. !!'he PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? Mr. McNARY. I thank the Senator. Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I request that the nomi The PRESIDING OFFICER. All treaties on the calendar nation of Walter E. McRee to be postmaster at Eagle La.k~y will be passed over. Nominations on the calendar are in Tex., may be passed over. I do so at the request of the order. Member of Congress from that district, because there is some DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE arrangement pending about the appointment of a postmaster The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Alfred W. Klie at that place. forth, of Pennsylvania, to be consul general of the United Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, does the Senator want States. the nomination recommitted to the Committee on Post The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the nom Offices and Post Ro~ds? ination is confirmed. Mr. CONNALLY. Yes. The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Harold Shantz, Mr. McKELLAR. Very well. I ask that the nomination of New York, to be consul general of the United States. of Walter E. McRee, to be postmaster at Eagle's Lake, Tex., be The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the nom recommitted to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. ination is confirmed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Leslie A. Davis, ordered. of New York, to be consul general of the United States. Mr. McKELLAR. With that exception, I ask that all other The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the nom nominations of postmasters be confirmed en bloc. ination is confirmed. - The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, nomina The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Edward L Nathan, tions of postmasters, with the exception noted, are confirmed of Pennsylvania, to be consul general of the United States. en bloc. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the nom IN THE ARMY ination is confirmed. The Chief Clerk proceeded to read sundry nominations in THE JUDICIARY the Army. The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Benigno Fernan Mr. SHEPPARD. I ask unanimous consent that nomina dez Garcia, of Puerto Rico, to be attorney general of Puerto tions in the Army be confirmed en bloc. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the Army Rico. nominations are confirmed en bloc. Mr. ROBINSON. Mr. President, with respect to the nomi That completes the calendar. nation just stated, at the request of a number of Senators who are absent I ask that the nomination go over for the ADJOURNMENT TO JUNE 15 present. The Senate resumed legislative session. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The nomination will be Mr. ROBINSON. Mr. President, pursuant to the terms of passed over. the concurrent resolution heretofore adopted, I move that the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Senate adjourn until Monday next at 12 o'clock noon. The Chief Clerk read the nomination of George Henry The motion was agreed to; and (at 3 o'clock and 20 minutes Payne, of New York, to be a member of the Federal Com p. m.> the Senate adjourned, the adjournment being under munications Commission for the term of 7 years from July House Concurrent Resolution No. 53, adopted by the two Houses on June 5 instant, until Monday, June 15, 1936, at 1, 1936. 12 o'clock meridian. Mr. BTI..J30. Mr. President, I ask that the nomination go over. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The nomination will be NO:MINATION passed over. Executive nomination received by the Senate June 8, 1936 Mr. WAGNER subsequently said: Mr. President, when the nomination of George Henry Payne, of New York, to be a UNITED STATES DisTRICT JUDGE member of the Federal Communications Commission, was Vincent L. Leibell, of New York, to be a United States read a moment ago, the junior Senator from Mississippi district judge, southern district of New York, vice Francis A. [Mr. BILBO] objected. I have talked with the Senator from Winslow, resigned. Mississippi since and understand the Senator has with drawn his opposition to the nomination. I therefore ask CONFIRMATIONS that the nomination be confirmed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the nomi Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate June 8, 1936 nation is confirmed. DIPLOMATIC ANl> FoREIGN SERVICE JOHN F. CURRAN Alfred W. Klieforth to be a consul general of the United Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, from the Committee on States of America. Post Offices and Post Roads I report favorably the nomina Harold Shantz to be a consul general of the United States tion of John F. Curran to be postmaster at Milford, Mass. of America. The report has received the approval of both Senators from Leslie A. Davis to be a consul general of the United States Massachusetts. I ask unanimous consent for the immediate of America. consideration of the nomination. Edward I. Nathan to be a consul general of the United The PRESIDING OFFICER. The nomination will be read. States of America. The Chief Clerk read the nomination of John F. Curran tc FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSIONER be postmaster at Milford, Mass. George Henry Payne to be a member of the Federal Com The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the munications Commission. present consideration of the nomination? The Chair hears none, and the nomination is confirmed. · APPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REGULAR ARMY Mr. McKELLAR. I ask unanimous consent that the Presi Capt. Earl Thomas McCullough to Quartermaster Corps. dent may be notified. First Lt. Richard Tide Coiner, Jr., to Air Corps. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the Presi Second Lt. William Jack Holzapfel, Jr., to Air Corps. dent will be notified. Second Lt. Gene Huggins Tibbets to Air Corps. 9226 CONGRESSION-AL RECORD-SENATE . JUNE 8 • PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY . Raymond E. Doyle, Glasgow Junction. Thomas Charles Spencer to be colonel, Signal Corps. Myrtle B. Vaughn, Louellen. Robert Mercer Cheney to be colonel, Cavalry. Vallette McClintock, Paris. James Howard Laubach to be colonel, Quartermaster Corps. George A. McGowan, Pleasureville. Ralph Wayne Dusenbury to be colonel, Infantry. Elmer Deatherage, Richmond. Parley Doney Parkinson to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Raymond H. Cornett, Verda. John Hobert Wallace to be lieutenant colonel, Field Artil- LOUISIANA lery. Thomas Wallace McGinn, Jr., Crowley. Raymond Marsh to be lieutenant colonel, Ordnance De Ethel T. Gauthier, Lake Arthur. partment. MAINE Harold Eugene Small to be lieutenant colonel, Coast Artil- lery Corps. Eleric F. Michaud, Island Falls. Herman Uth Wagner to be major, Ordnance Department. MARYLAND Theodore Leslie Futch to be major, Field Artillery. Marjorie E. Williams, Goldsboro. William Innes Wilson to be major, Ordnance Department. Clayton F. Porter, Greensboro. William Rebert Gerhardt to be major, Ordnance Depart- Alexander R. Woodland, Marion Station. ment. MASSACHUSETTS Theodore Earl Buechler to be major, Field Artillery. Stephen W. Bartlett, Barnstable. APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY F. Thomas Ellis, Brewster. · James Kelly Parsons to be· major general, United States Gilbert W. O'Neil, Gloucester. Army. John E. Little, Island Creek. Lorenzo Dow Gasser to be brigadier general, United States John F. Curran, Milford. Army. Richard J. Doolin, Monroe Bridge. POSTMASTERS James A. Murphy, New Bedford. ALABAMA Clement J. Coughlin, North Easton. John P. Cox, Collinsville. Gertrude H. Mortimore, Russell. Lucile W. Hereford, New Market. James Everett Marvelle, Wareham. Harold C. Sharpe, Piedmont. Thomas E. Hynes, Wayland. Madge B. Bankhead, Sulligent. Thomas H. Hackett, Westboro. Frank Poole, Wetumpka. Vincent c. Ambrose, Winchester. Joseph J. Baron, West Warren. AR~ONA mcmGAN Edward M. Schmidt, Tolleson. James Kent Torrey, Dowagiac. CALIFORNIA Harold H. Mickle, Homer. Fred M. Snider, Colton. Gordon M. Gould, Lawrence. James Clyde Strauss, Mill Valley. Alfred C. Maurer, Monroe. CONNECTICUT Frank L. Thome, St. Johns. John J. Lee, Beacon Falls. MINNESOTA Michael P. Speizano, Riverside. Anshelm T ..Westrom, Cambridge. John J. O'Keefe, Southington. William P. Tanner, Cannon Falls. GEORGIA Zelphia Taylor, Hill City. Dean R. Adams, Boston. Inga 0. Berget, Holt. Kate Harris, Leesburg. Herluf E. Jensen, Hutchinson. Raymond P. Nolan, Janesville. · IDAHO Edward C. Keefe, Rose Creek. Alma Morrow, Challis. Tallof T. Hamrey, Trajl. ILLINOIS Frances C. Van· VIeck, Waverly. Philip A. Daum, Carrollton. Isaac B. Dybdal, Wendell. William C. Herrin, Cave in Rock. MISSISSIPPI Albert T. Humrichous, Georgetown. Marguerite J. Crittenden, Greenville. Gertrude W. Daub, Williamsfield. William W. Armstrong, Leland. INDIANA Christine H. Douglas, Maben. William Henry Lynch, Boswell. MISSOURI IOWA Clay C. Shelton, Clarkton. Clifford A. Brause, Denver. Gideon Ward Miller, Edgerton. Clifford J. Hayes, Dunkerton. Walter T. Jensen, Eolia. Andrew J. Walter, Eldon. Adam C. Eby, Holt. Hugo 0. Micheel, Holstein. Harry L. Epperson, Hurdland. Ralph V. Johnson, Hudson. Mortis 0. Brasher, Jerico Springs. Fritz H. Schulte, Kensett. Frank H. Parker, Kidder. Peter J. MaGrath, Mount Ayr. Mae B. Whitfield, Oronogo. AnnaL. Roberts, Nodaway. Frank C. Murdock, Seneca. John L. O'Neill, Oakland. Ethel Enyart, Stanberry. Esther M. Olson, Pacific Junction. Harley E. Church, Stockton. Bernice Herrick, Wapello. William R. Buche, Warrenton. KANSAS NEBRASKA Thomas W. Sloan, Garfield. Anna Martin, Battle Creek. Guy R. Malin, Macksville. Margaret H. Andersen, Belgrade. KENTUCKY James A. Sears, Decatur. Roy Fraim, Alva. Wayne E. Parker, Farnam. Joseph P. Gozder, Campbellsville. Evelyn I. Zuhlke, Gurley. Daniel S. Mitchell, Crofton. George B. McDowell, Hardy. Henry Roe Thompson Kinnaird, Edmonton. Louis W. Eggert, Newman Grove. 1936' _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE_ 9227 Mazy B. Farren, Schuyler. TENNESSEE Inez Gail Lidgard, Stockville. Lindsay N. Smith, Culleoka. Harry H. Jordan, Wilcox. Thaddeus C. Haley, Friendship. NEW JERSEY Edgar D. Hagan, Redboiling Springs. Aubrey H. Phillips, Clementon. TEXAS Lewis D. Smith, Jr., Fort Hancock. George J. Bell, Aubrey. Robert P. Cosgrove, Madison. Charles M. Fagg, Blue Ridge. Charles A. Hildebrand, Ridgefield. Devoe Dover, Carbon. NEW YORK Marion L. Garvin, Jr., Como. Rita McGoey, Hartsdale. J. Frank Weaver, Cumby. NORTH CAROLINA Walter B. May, Desdemona. Coin T. Seago, Gustine. Clyde B. Archbell, Battleboro. Jimmie L. Holford, Rico. Gladys 0. Howard, Cornelius. James F. Mitchell, Lancaster. Singleton F. Thompson, Flat Rock. Henry T. Peace, La Pryor. Thad T. Russell, Granite Falls. Geneva M. Michael, May. Angus Raymond McRacken, Kenly, David C. Harris, Mineral Wells. William E. Blakely, Kings Mountain. W. J. Smith, Montgomery. Robert A. Rudisill, Maiden. Irene King, Neches. Jarnagin C. Rice, Montreat. Ida A. Stockburger, Oglesby, Herbert 0. Phillips, Morehead City. Sarah'O. Beaver, Queen City. Harry H. Llewellyn, Mount Airy, Lillian Beazley, Quemado. Oliver L. Hoffman, Mount Holly. Marcus E. Jud, Riesel. Leon A. Mann, Newport. Janie W. Chandler, Smiley. William J. Smith, Jr., Oriental. William B. Richardson, Telephone. James K. Beaty, Paw Creek. Andrew S. Tarpley, Truscott. Lois D. Braswell, Princeton. James B. Hayes, Rocky Point. VERMONT Lucile L. White, Salemburg. Aibert A. LaFrance, Derby Line. Frank L. Nixon, Sunbury. Robert F. Pierce, Lyndonville. Lewis Taylor Bartholomew, Spring Hope. Harry L. Simonds, Saxtons River. NORTH DAKOTA WASHINGTON Frank W. Kelly, Devils Lake. Alvin E. Scott, Benton City. omo Elliot Curry, Colville. Mary F. Stowers, Eastsound. Ferdinand J. Lenhart, Botkins. Regina M. Mohrmann, Ferndale. Ervin J. Ostermyer, Chatfield. William Robert Ross, Grand Coulee. William F. Hookway, Creston. Erica A. Sheehan, Lake Stevens. Paul C. Patterson, East Sparta. Esther H. Boaz, Manson. Cleo B. Brockman, Fort Jennings. Thomas Phil Hickman, Monroe. William H. McConaha, Fort Recovery. Ethel R. Hanks, Port Orchard. Paul E. Harbaugh, Kings Mills. Truman W. Chamberlain, Quincy. Irene Francescon, Leavittsburg. Edward V. Pressentin, Rockport. Robert W. Gutermuth, Mason. Gladys E. Sperry, Middlefield. -WEST VIRGINIA Myron G. Swaller, Navarre. · Bennie D. Wiley, Athens. Elwood E. Hardesty, Paulding. Harper H. Hudson, Durbin. August J. Brown, Wapakoneta. Reuben Williams, Glen Rogers. James Spencer Hockenbery, West Jefferson. James B. Shrewsbury, Princeton. Henry Provo, Wicklitie. WISCONSIN PENNSYLVANIA Fred V. Starry, Barneveld. Alice s. Keating, Avondale. Christian A. Hoen, Edgarton. Urban W. O'Donnell, Bethlehem. H. Shirley Smith, Holmen. Lawrence J. Leonard, Butler. Ardrey Boyle, Centerville. WITHDRAWAL James P. Sullivan, Corry. Executive nomination withdrawn from the Senate June 8, Bernetta B. Deegan, Dushore. 1936 Elmer S. Harry, East Petersburg. Chester R. Wahl, Evans City. POSTMASTER James B. Eschbach, Florin. PENNSYLVANIA Carolyn T. Foulk, Gap. Annis G. Lewis to be postmaster at Ulysses, in the State of Peter V. Abel, Graterford. Pennsylvania. James E. Madigan, Houtzdale. Ellis L. Lynch, McConnellsburg. Joseph W. Hoover, Mountville. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Charles D. Fitzpatrick, Trevorton. MONDAY, JUNE 8, 1936 Roy Wilkinson, Valley Forge. The House met at 12 o'clock meridian. PUERTO RlCO The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered Judson Ulery McGuire, Bayamon. the following prayer: Adela Delpin, Fajardo. Rita M. Vecchini, Guayanilla. Eternal God, our Heavenly Father, we are deeply grateful Irma E. Kryzanowsky, Ponce. for the blessed assurance of Thy promise: "Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace whose mind is stayed on Thee, because SOUTH CAROLINA_ he trusteth in Thee." When Thou dost guide us no ill can Lottie G. Myers, Pamplico. come. Keep ever in our hearts, merciful Lord, the teaching
Seventy-Fourth Congress, Second Session
