TGT History Part B
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Indian History
Indian History Ancient History 1.Which of the following ancient Indian Kings had appointed Dhamma Mahamattas? [A] Asoka [B] Chandragupta Maurya [C] Kanishka [D] Chandragupta-II Correct Answer: A [Asoka] Notes: Dhamma Mahamattas were special officers appointed by Ashoka to spread the message of Dhamma or his Dharma. The Dhamma Mahamattas were required to look after the welfare of the people of different religions and to enforce the rules regarding the sanctity of animal life. 2.Who was the first Saka king in India? [A] Moga [B] Rudradaman [C] Azes [D] Ghatotkacha Correct Answer: A [ Moga ] Notes: An Indo-Scythian king, Moga (or Maues) was the first Saka king in India who established Saka power in Gandhara and extended supremacy over north-western India. 3.Who was ‘Kanthaka’ in the context of Gautam Buddha? [A] Charioteer [B] Body-guard [C] Cousin [D] Horse Correct Answer: D [ Horse ] Notes: Kanthaka was the royal horse of Gautama Buddha. 4.What symbol represents birth of Gautama Buddha? [A] Bodh tree [B] Lotus [C] Horse [D] Wheel Correct Answer: B [ Lotus ] Notes: Lotus and bull resembles the symbol of birth of Gautama Buddha. 5.What symbol represents nirvana of Gautama Buddha? [A] Lotus [B] Wheel [C] Horse [D] Bodhi Tree Correct Answer: D [ Bodhi Tree ] Notes: Bodhi Tree is the symbol of nirvana of Gautama Buddha. On the other hand, Stupa represents the symbol of death of Gautama Buddha. Further, The symbol ‘Horse’ signifies the renunciation of Buddha’s life. 6.During whose reign was the Fourth Buddhist Council held? [A] Ashoka [B] Kalasoka [C] Ajatsatru [D] Kanishka Correct Answer: D [ Kanishka ] Notes: The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, Kashmir in 72 AD during the reign of Kushan king Kanishka. -
Configurations of the Indic States System
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 34 Number 34 Spring 1996 Article 6 4-1-1996 Configurations of the Indic States System David Wilkinson University of California, Los Angeles Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Wilkinson, David (1996) "Configurations of the Indic States System," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 34 : No. 34 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol34/iss34/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Wilkinson: Configurations of the Indic States System 63 CONFIGURATIONS OF THE INDIC STATES SYSTEM David Wilkinson In his essay "De systematibus civitatum," Martin Wight sought to clari- fy Pufendorfs concept of states-systems, and in doing so "to formulate some of the questions or propositions which a comparative study of states-systems would examine." (1977:22) "States system" is variously defined, with variation especially as to the degrees of common purpose, unity of action, and mutually recognized legitima- cy thought to be properly entailed by that concept. As cited by Wight (1977:21-23), Heeren's concept is federal, Pufendorfs confederal, Wight's own one rather of mutuality of recognized legitimate independence. Montague Bernard's minimal definition—"a group of states having relations more or less permanent with one another"—begs no questions, and is adopted in this article. Wight's essay poses a rich menu of questions for the comparative study of states systems. -
SYNOPSIS of DEBATE ______(Proceedings Other Than Questions and Answers) ______Friday, March 19, 2021 / Phalguna 28, 1942 (Saka) ______OBSERVATION by the CHAIR 1
RAJYA SABHA _______ SYNOPSIS OF DEBATE _______ (Proceedings other than Questions and Answers) _______ Friday, March 19, 2021 / Phalguna 28, 1942 (Saka) _______ OBSERVATION BY THE CHAIR 1. MR. CHAIRMAN: Hon. Members, I have an appeal to make in view of the reports coming from certain States that the virus pandemic is spreading. So, I only appeal to all the Members of Parliament who are here, who are there in their respective fields to be extra careful. I know that you are all public representatives, You can't live in isolation. At the same time while dealing with people, meeting them or going to your constituency or other areas, be careful. Strictly follow the advice given by the Healthy Ministry, Home Ministry, Central Government as well as the guidelines issued by the State Governments concerned from time to time and see to it that they are followed. My appeal is not only to you, but also to the people in general. The Members of Parliament should take interest to see that the people are guided properly. We are seeing that though the severity has come down, but the cases are spreading here and there. It is because the people in their respective areas are not following discipline. This is a very, very important aspect. We should not allow the situation to deteriorate. We are all happy, the world is happy, the country is happy, people are happy. We have been able to contain it, and we were hoping that we would totally succeed. Meanwhile, these ___________________________________________________ This Synopsis is not an authoritative record of the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha. -
As Taliban Marches Towards Kabul, India's Biggest Fear May Be Realised
F As Taliban Marches towards Kabul, India’s Biggest Fear May Be Realised As the Taliban accumulates more districts and advances towards Kabul, the Indian government grows more impatient that its influence in Kabul will be greatly diminished. For years, New Delhi has supported the Afghan government with money, weapons and expertise, and paid very little attention to the Taliban movement and their supporters. Now India is clambering to open a dialogue with the Taliban, which is part of new drive by Modi to retain influence in the war torn country. There are three reasons why India is extremely concerned by the rise of the Taliban. First, the Hindu elite is very much mindful of the fact that historically Afghanistan has on numerous occasions launched forays deep into India to established Islamic rule. During Mahmud Ghazni’s (971-1030) reign in Afghanistan, India was invaded seventeen times to expand the territory of his sultanate, collect tributary and enforce Islamic law and order. He also destroyed famous idols of Somnath, Kangra, Mathura and Jwalamukhi to make Hindus realize that their idols were powerless to protect them and that refugee could only be found in tawheed. The Ghurid Sultanate (1175- 1206) conducted seven incursions into India to uphold Sharia law in places like Anhilwara, Thanesar, Chandawar, Multan and Lahore. Even the famous Delhi Sultanate (1206 to 1526) that ruled large parts of India for 320 years had its origins in Afghanistan. Its founder Qutb ud-Din Aibak was a slave general under the command of the Ghurid Sultanate. Finally, the whole of India was brought under Islamic rule during the Mughal Sultanate (1526-1857). -
The Temple Architecture in Odisha
ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review The Hindu temple architecture reflects a synthesis is concentrated in the city of Bhubaneswar where of arts, the ideals of religion, beliefs, values and there are over thirty of them. the way of life cherished under Hinduism. The temple is a place for pilgrimage. All the cosmic The main temples of this style consist of elements that create and celebrate life in Hindu the Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar th pantheon are present in a Hindu temple from fire (11 century), the Jagannath temple at Puri th to water, from images of nature to deities, from (12 century) the Great Sun Temple at Konark the feminine to the masculine, from karma to (13th century), Rajarani Temple (10th century), artha. The form and meanings of architectural Mukteswar (10th Century), Parshuram Temple elements in a Hindu temple are designed to (8th Century) etc. function as the place where it is the link between The Kanlingan style consists of three man and the divine, to help his progress to spiritual distinct types of temples Rekha Deula, Pidha knowledge and truth, his liberation is called Deula and Khakhara Deula. The former two are Moksha. associated with Vishnu, Surya and Shiva temples The Temple Architecture in Odisha Sujata Routray The Indian temples are broadly divided while the third is mainly with Chamunda and Durga into Nagara, Vesara, Dravida and Gadag styles temples. The Rekha Deula and Khakhara Deula of architecture. However the temple architecture houses the sanctum sanctorum while the Pidha of Odisha corresponds to altogether a different Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls. -
BAYANA the First Lavishly Illustrated and Comprehensive Record of the Historic Bayana Region
BAYANA The first lavishly illustrated and comprehensive record of the historic Bayana region Bayana in Rajasthan, and its monuments, challenge the perceived but established view of the development of Muslim architecture and urban form in India. At the end of the 12th century, early conquerors took the mighty Hindu fort, building the first Muslim city below on virgin ground. They later reconfigured the fort and constructed another town within it. These two towns were the centre of an autonomous region during the 15th and 16th centuries. Going beyond a simple study of the historic, architectural and archaeological remains, this book takes on the wider issues of how far the artistic traditions of Bayana, which developed independently from those of Delhi, later influenced north Indian architecture. It shows how these traditions were the forerunners of the Mughal architectural style, which drew many of its features from innovations developed first in Bayana. Key Features • The first comprehensive account of this historic region • Offers a broad reinvestigation of North Indian Muslim architecture through a case study of a desert fortress MEHRDAD SHOKOOHY • Includes detailed maps of the sites: Bayana Town, the Garden City of NATALIE H. SHOKOOHY Sikandra and the Vijayamandargarh or Tahangar Fort with detailed survey of its fortifications and its elaborate gate systems • Features photographs and measured surveys of 140 monuments and epigraphic records from the 13th to the end of the 16th century – including mosques, minarets, waterworks, domestic dwellings, mansions, ‘īdgāhs (prayer walls) and funerary edifices • Introduces historic outlying towns and their monuments in the region such as Barambad, Dholpur, Khanwa and Nagar-Sikri (later to become Fathpur Sikri) • Demonstrates Bayana’s cultural and historic importance in spite of its present obscurity and neglect BAYANA • Adds to the record of India’s disappearing historic heritage in the wake of modernisation. -
A Historical Appraisal
Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 Cities and Towns in Early Odisha: A Historical Appraisal Sarita Nayak In the long journey of historical interlude territory occupied by immigrants from other of India at least from sixth century BCE, we see regions or by surplus population of the ruler’s own the emergence of states, regional kingdoms and country. It is through such a process that new local chiefdoms having their principal city centres territories occupied and developed. (Tripathi and and capital cities and provincial headquarters. Singh 1991-92,). A janapada is simply a land or Though, the Early Historic is said to have begun as early as 1000 BCE in North India and the Ganga valley in particular (Allchin, 1995), the South Indian Early Historic is often defined little later – during the 3rd century BCE. (e.g. Morrison et. al. 2005). However, from recent excavations (2017- 18) at Keeladi near Madurai pushed back the emergence of urban life around 6th century BCE in South India.(Balkrishnan, 2019) The beginning of second urbanization and emergence of large number Fig 1. Ancient Settlements of Odisha of cities and towns are region inhabited by people which finds mention marked in sixth century BCE, which was the turning point in the history of India.It is during the early even in the Vedic literature. It is during the early centuries of the first millennium BCE that centuries of the first millennium BCE that Janapadas start evolving into political and cultural Janapadas start evolving into political units units. Arthasastra (II.1) defines janapada is a identified as Mahajanapadas. -
Chronicles of Rajputana: the Valour, Sacrifices and Uprightness of Rajputs
Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 9 ~ Issue 8 (2021)pp: 15-39 ISSN(Online):2321-9467 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Chronicles of Rajputana: the Valour, Sacrifices and uprightness of Rajputs Suman Lakhani ABSTRACT Many famous kings and emperors have ruled over Rajasthan. Rajasthan has seen the grandeur of the Rajputs, the gallantry of the Mughals, and the extravagance of Jat monarchs. None the less history of Rajasthan has been shaped and molded to fit one typical school of thought but it holds deep secrets and amazing stories of splendors of the past wrapped in various shades of mysteries stories. This paper is an attempt to try and unearth the mysteries of the land of princes. KEYWORDS: Rajput, Sesodias,Rajputana, Clans, Rana, Arabs, Akbar, Maratha Received 18 July, 2021; Revised: 01 August, 2021; Accepted 03 August, 2021 © The author(s) 2021. Published with open access at www.questjournals.org Chronicles of Rajputana: The Valour, Sacrifices and uprightness of Rajputs We are at a fork in the road in India that we have traveled for the past 150 years; and if we are to make true divination of the goal, whether on the right hand or the left, where our searching arrows are winged, nothing could be more useful to us than a close study of the character and history of those who have held supreme power over the country before us, - the waifs.(Sarkar: 1960) Only the Rajputs are discussed in this paper, which is based on Miss Gabrielle Festing's "From the Land of the Princes" and Colonel James Tod's "Annals of Rajasthan." Miss Festing's book does for Rajasthan's impassioned national traditions and dynastic records what Charles Kingsley and the Rev. -
Module 1A: Uttar Pradesh History
Module 1a: Uttar Pradesh History Uttar Pradesh State Information India.. The Gangetic Plain occupies three quarters of the state. The entire Capital : Lucknow state, except for the northern region, has a tropical monsoon climate. In the Districts :70 plains, January temperatures range from 12.5°C-17.5°C and May records Languages: Hindi, Urdu, English 27.5°-32.5°C, with a maximum of 45°C. Rainfall varies from 1,000-2,000 mm in Introduction to Uttar Pradesh the east to 600-1,000 mm in the west. Uttar Pradesh has multicultural, multiracial, fabulous wealth of nature- Brief History of Uttar Pradesh hills, valleys, rivers, forests, and vast plains. Viewed as the largest tourist The epics of Hinduism, the Ramayana destination in India, Uttar Pradesh and the Mahabharata, were written in boasts of 35 million domestic tourists. Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh also had More than half of the foreign tourists, the glory of being home to Lord Buddha. who visit India every year, make it a It has now been established that point to visit this state of Taj and Ganga. Gautama Buddha spent most of his life Agra itself receives around one million in eastern Uttar Pradesh, wandering foreign tourists a year coupled with from place to place preaching his around twenty million domestic tourists. sermons. The empire of Chandra Gupta Uttar Pradesh is studded with places of Maurya extended nearly over the whole tourist attractions across a wide of Uttar Pradesh. Edicts of this period spectrum of interest to people of diverse have been found at Allahabad and interests. -
2015? A) Sultan Bin Abd Al- Aziz Al- Saud B) Nayef Bin Abd Al- Aziz Al- Saud C) Salman Bin Abd Al- Aziz Al- Saud D) Fahd Bin Abd Al- Aziz Al- Saud
15616 120 MINUTES 1. Shaqq al- Sadr event means: A) Ascension of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) as statesman of Madinah B) Splitting of the chest of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) C) Historic win in the battle of Badr D) None of the above 2. Aam an- Hazn means: A) Year of Remorse B) Year of Gratitude C) Year of Sorrow D) Year of Recompense 3. Arrange the event chronologically: i) Demise of Abi Talib ii) Harb al- Basus iii) Hunt for Sajah iv) Prophet Muhammad (SAW) journey to Taif A) iv, iii, i, ii B) ii, i, iv, iii C) i, iii, iv, ii D) iii, iv, ii, i 4. The significant virtue related to the conquest of Makkah: A) Enemy of Islam surrendered after heavy fighting B) Abu Sufiyan and Hinda professed Islam C) Islamisation of Arabia accomplished D) It was a bloodless conquest 5. Invasion and conquest of Ghurid dynasty in India led to the: A) Drain in the wealth B) Unification of Indian rulers under one command of Dahir C) Foundation of Delhi Sultanate D) All of the above 6. Tughlaqs were: A) Arabs B) Mongols C) Turks D) Persians 7. Which century marks the introduction of Islam in the Indian Sub-Continent? A) 6th century AD B) 7th century AD C) 8th century AD D) None of the above 8. Mujahidin Movement originated against: A) Sikhs B) Hindus C) Jains D) Buddhist 9. The sufistic notion propounded by Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi in negation to Ibn Arabi is: A) Wahdat al- Qaim B) Wahdat al- Haqq C) Wahdat al- Wujud D) Wahdat al- Shuhud 10. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
First Battle of Panipat Babur Defeated Ibrahim Lodhi , Foundation of Mughal Dynasty by Babur
Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 First battle of Panipat Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi , foundation of Mughal dynasty by Babur *Dr.Ramesha.T, Dept of History, Govt First Grade College, Vijayanagara – Bengaluru Abstract Panipat has been described as the pivot of indian history for 300 years. And its story begins in the first great battle of 1526.After the fall of the sayyids,the afghan lodi dynasty had seized power at delhi. The power of the sultanate had decreased considerably at this time,though the sultan could still command significant resources. Ibrahim lodi,the third ruler was unpopular with the nobility for his persecution and execution of a large number of old nobles. A prominent noble,Daulat khan fearing for his life appealed to Zahir-ud-din Babur,the Timurid ruler of Kabul to come and depose ibrahim lodi. It was thought that babur would defeat lodi,plunder and leave. Babur however had different ideas. Babur,a timurid prince with descent from Timur and Chingiz khan had originally inherited the kingdom of fergana — one of the brekaway regions in the aftermath of the breakup of the once mighty timurid empire.The twoforemost powers in the region at this time were the Safavids of Iran and The Uzbeks of central asia. Squeezed between them babur had to fight for survival. Gaining and losing Samarkand 3 times he eventually moved to Kabul in 1504,where he aimed to consolidate a powebase. It was here that he came into touch with India and between 1504 and 1524 had raided across the Northwestern frontier 4 times.