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PDF Download 306 Rezensionen gungen, andererseits das stille Einvernehmen zwischen humanwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen legitimieren sollen. der Kolonialbürokratie und den Plantagenbesitzern vor Andererseits kommen in der Durchführung, d. h. in der dem Hintergrund des Aceh-Krieges und der Nervosität Darstellung der aus den Quellen rekonstruierten Ereig- des polizeilichen und militärischen Apparats angesichts nisse und ihrer Zuspitzung auf mehrere Individual- und zu erwartender oder fantasierter Widerstände. Obwohl Gruppenperspektiven, diese theoretischen Einsichten zu völlig von der Legitimität der europäischen bzw. nieder- kurz. Auf diese Weise hat sie ihr Ziel verfehlt, den büro- ländischen Kolonialherrschaft überzeugt, kommt Valck kratischen Rationalitäten ebenso sehr wie den Gefühlen als deren of fizieller Vertreter zu einem überraschenden einen gleichwertigen, angemessenen Platz unter den For- Ergebnis: Dem rücksichtslosen, barbarischen Auftreten schungen zur Kolonialherrschaft zu verschaffen. von Repräsentanten der europäischen Plantagenbesitzer- Auf der andern Seite hat Stoler einen ungewöhnli- klasse müsse irgendwann – so hier bereits geschehen – chen Ort – das historische Archiv – gefunden, um das eine gewalttätige Reaktion der drangsalierten und recht- niederländische Kolonialsystem im Indonesien des späten losen Plantagenarbeiter entsprechen. Nicht in der Lage, 19. Jahrhunderts zu durchleuchten. Zugleich hat sie sich die erwartete, eindeutige Schuldzuweisung zu formulie- dem Risiko einer allzu idiosynkratischen Perspektive aus- ren und allmählich von seinen Vorgesetzten und Gönnern gesetzt, indem sie von einer einzelnen Person, ihrer Hal- an der Spitze der Kolonialbürokratie in Stich gelassen, en- tung in einer bedrängenden Situation, ihrer scheiternden det Valcks Aufstieg im Kolonialdienst in einer Sackgasse. Karriere und dem sich schließlich immer enger zusam- Im letzten, 7. Kapitel wird die personenbezogene Per- men ziehenden Kreis ihrer familiären und persönlichen spektive, das individuelle Profil des jungen Ko lo nial- Beziehungen ausgeht. Indem Stoler mit einigem Erfolg beamten Valck verstärkend, fortgesetzt. Der restliche einen Einzelfall in einer sich verdichtenden Landkarte aus Lebens weg des im Kolonialdienst Gescheiterten wird kolonialem “common sense”, der “imperialen Disposition zwischen versuchten und imaginierten Rehabilitations- der Missachtung” (des Anderen), einer Epistemologie der projekten einerseits und einer engen Vater-Tochter-Bezie- Ungewissheiten und der Durchkreuzung bürokratischer hung andererseits dank einer sich durch Jahre hindurch Rationalitäten durch Gefühlsausschläge verortet, kann windenden Korrespondenz rekonstruiert. Diese räumlich dieser eine Fall zu einem symptomatischen werden. Ein auseinander driftenden Beziehungen zwischen Eltern und Ansatz, an dem sich viele Fragen zur kolonialgeschichtli- Kindern sind ja möglicherweise typisch für die in das Ko- chen Innenwelt des späten 19. Jahrhunderts in Indonesien lonialsystem integrierten Familien, während die Korres- neu entzünden, sollte dann wohl auch in den Archiven an- pondenz sich aus intensiven Emotionen ebenso wie aus derer europäischer Kolonialmächte eine Fortsetzung fin- pädagogischen Ambitionen speist. Dieser Familienroman den können. Hans Voges auf engstem emotionalem und imaginärem Raum lässt nochmals aus der Tiefe persönlichen Scheiterns die psy- chologischen Konturen der herrschenden Seite im Kolo- Suzuki, Taku: Embodying Belonging. Racializing nialsystem hervortreten: die Suche nach Anerkennung Okinawan Diaspora in Bolivia and Japan. Honolulu: und Prestige, die prekären Familienverhältnisse, die Am- University of Hawai’i Press, 2010. 257 pp. ISBN 978-0- bivalenzen einer Sozialordnung, die um eine europäische 8248-3344-2. Price: US $ 47.00 Norm kreist, welche die verarmten “Weißen”, die “ge- This is the first book in English where one can learn mischten” Nachkommen und die mit den Einheimischen the details of Bolivian Nikkei society and the dynamics fraternisierenden Europäer an den unteren Rand drängt, of their ethnic identity. The term “Nikkei” usually refers während die koloniale Elite sich in einer “imperialen Dis- collectively to people of Japanese descent who now live position der Missachtung” (237 ff.) einschließt. overseas. Here, however, Taku Suzuki focuses on Oki- Mit der Wahl der Archivperspektive gelingt der Au- nawans – the majority of the “Japanese” in Bolivia. In torin der Aufweis, wie wichtig das Wissen über die Sta- particular, the author analyzes how Bolivian Nikkei con- bilität der sozialen Verhältnisse und wie beschränkt und struct and reconstruct their ethnic identity within two lev- brüchig im Gegenzug dieses Wissen allemal ist. Darüber els of power relations: (1) the state level – among Japan, hinaus wird erkennbar, wie sehr dieser Mangel an einer the United States, and Bolivia; and (2) the local level – allseitigen Kenntnis und die daraus folgende Ungewiss- among the island of Okinawa, the city of Yokohama, and heit auf die Ausübung der Kolonialherrschaft zurück- the Okinawan-Bolivian diaspora community. wirkt. Mehr noch wird deutlich, dass durch diese Lücke The issues of identity and social boundaries between im Herrschaftswissen die Gefühle all jener freies Spiel er- Nikkei Latin Americans and Japanese in Japan became halten, die durch ihre Funktionen in der Bürokratie an der a serious concern in the 1980s when many “Issei” (first- Aufrechterhaltung des Kolonialsystems arbeiten. generation Japanese immigrants) and their children be- Da der Text durchgehend zum Deskriptiven neigt und gan going back to Japan to work for long periods of time. darin seine starken Seiten entfaltet, kann man sich fra- These so-called dekasegi (temporary overseas) workers gen, wo denn eigentlich der theoretische Ort der Gefühle found that doing even menial manual labor in Japan could in dieser Dialektik von Wissen und Nichtwissen ist, die yield yearly incomes many greater than they could find in das koloniale System durchzieht. Auf der einen Seite wird South or Central America. The Brazilian dekasegi migra- vor allem in den einleitenden Worten ein Überangebot tory worker situation in Japan – and the resulting various an theoretischen Formulierungen präsentiert, die das be- ethnic problems – have been examined in a number of ex- sondere Projekt Stolers mit Anleihen aus verschiedenen cellent recent studies: e.g., Lesser (Negotiating Na tional Anthropos 107.2012 https://doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2012-1-306 Generiert durch IP '170.106.33.14', am 28.09.2021, 21:37:02. Das Erstellen und Weitergeben von Kopien dieses PDFs ist nicht zulässig. Rezensionen 307 Identity. Immigrants, Minorities, and the Struggle for tantly, children learn to be “‘good’ Nikkei … and Oki na- Ethnicity in Brazil. Durham 1999), Tsuda (Strangers in wan … subjects” (113). the Ethnic Homeland. New York 2001), Linger (No One Following the approaches of Cornell and Hartmann Home. Brazilian Selves Remade in Japan. Stanford 2002), (Ethnicity and Race. Making Identities in a Changing Roth (Brokered Homeland. Japanese Brazilian Migrants World. Thousand Oaks 1998) and Miles (Racism. Lon- in Japan. Ithaca 2002), and Sugino (Nikkei Brazilians at don 1989), Suzuki defines racialization as a process rath- a Brazilian School in Japan. Factors Affecting Language er than a category. It is a dynamic process which shapes Decisions and Education. Tokyo 2008). However, Suzu- and reshapes categories with respect to (1) assumed bio- ki’s book focuses on Nikkei Bolivians, a group that has logical characteristics of a particular group, (2) inherent received significantly less attention. Furthermore, Suzuki psychological, behavioral, and/or moral characteristics of spent time in both Bolivia and Japan (in the early 2000s) members of the particular group, and (3) individuals’ re- doing detailed ethnographic research in both venues. lationships with the powers of state and capital. Suzuki Even at first glance, Suzuki shows us that the differ- also carefully points out that racialization deals with not ences between the Brazilian and Bolivian Nikkei popula- only experiences of social hardship and discrimination, tions are significant. Unlike in Brazil, where the major- but is also a rhetorical tool used in education. And eco- ity of Nikkei are descendants of mainland Japanese, in nomic powers and state authorities can contribute to how Bolivia the majority of Nikkei are descendants of Oki- individual members of a group see themselves. These is- nawans. Okinawa has had an extremely complicated so- sues are elaborated upon in chapter 5, where Suzuki also cial and political history. The island chain has maintained discusses marriage preferences to show how these com- a unique cultural and linguistic heritage in spite of its be- plicated multiple ethnic and racial identifiers are reflected coming a Japanese province in 1879, after being a rela- in legal practice. tively independent kingdom for centuries. World War II, The first studies of dekasegi workers in Japan seemed and the American invasion and postwar occupation until to suggest that the strength of Latin American Nikkei so- 1972, also contributed to its special character. And both ciety was weakening as people travel back and forth be- Okinawans and mainland Japanese are quite aware of the tween two nations. And many of the younger generations distinctions between each other, and there can often be have been growing up without experiencing much tra- much overt discrimination against Okinawans. Even Oki- ditional Japanese language
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