AUTUMN, 1949

25 Cents (A privately supported, state-wide, non-partisan, non-profit organization for the promotion and development of Maine’s agricultural, industrial and recreational resources.)

1949 AUTUMN 1949 Jn 7lU J* Page M a in e “ P o in t s T h e W a y ” Richard A. Hebert 3 The story of the “Boost Maine” movement Governors Of Maine, 1860-1900 Reginald E. Carles 11 Further life sketches in Maine's history T h e Jackson Laboratory .... Dr. Clarence C. Little 16 Disaster serves a noted cause A mos Solves A T horny Problem .. John C. Page, Jr. 21 Another epic by our Outdoors in Maine Editor So You T h in k You K now Ma in e ? Stanley B. Attwood 24 More quiz questions with answers Maine Summer Events, 1949 ...... William A. Hatch 25 Pictorial review of the Season’s highlights A round T he Cracker Barrel . . . Elizabeth A. Mason 30 Statewide ramblings M in s t r e l s y Of M a in e . . Edited by Sheldon Christian 33 Poetic inspiration in the Pine Tree State Famous Maine Re c ip e s ...... June L. Maxfield 38 Maine A u t u m n ...... Pearl LeBaron Libby Back Cover

THE PINE CONE AUTUMN, 1949 VOL. 5, NO. 3

Published Quarterly by THE STATE OF MAINE PUBLICITY BUREAU PORTLAND . KITTERY . BANGOR . NEW YORK a Main Office: 3 St. John St., Portland, 4 Maine

GUY P. BUTLER RICHARD A. HEBERT Executive Manager Editorial Manager PINE CONE SUBSCRIPTION: $1 A YEAR (Printed in Maine on Maine-made Paper) Maine “Points The Way”

By Richard A. Hebert

The Pine Tree State’s motto, “ Dirigo”, assumes a little- used, but forceful, meaning in the implications of the official Boost Maine movement, pointing the State toward an expanding economy, a greater prosperity and a higher standard of living for its citizens.

e w loyal State - of - Mainers, that the concept we dislike with the F whether school children or adults, most intensity is that expressed by ever give much thought to the tre­ the words: “ It can’t be done.” mendous vision implied in the official And now again, in 1949, Maine is State motto, “ Dirigo” . “ pointing the way” with perhaps the Nearly everyone has for decades m oi s t intensive and extensive accepted the translation, “ I direct” , or “ rallying-to-the-cause” program ever “ I guide” , and then, perhaps appalled attempted in the history of the Pine by the vagueness, or looseness, of the Tree State. It is called the “ Boost generally accepted meaning, hurried­ Maine” movement. ly passed it by without a flicker of F irst among the 48 States to in­ mental effort. augurate such a State-wide “booster” But “ Dirigo” also has a meaning movement since the end of the war, with a great deal of force, vision and Maine also was the first State in the drive, which to us sums up in a word Nation after World War I to launch the greater part of Maine history, an official promotion, advertising and the essence of the great achievements publicity program to attract busi­ which collectively make up the huge, ness and people to the Pine Tree pulsating mechanism we know today State. This activity, conceived by a as the State of Maine. group of the State’s leading business Translate “ Dirigo” as “ I point the and hotel men, may be regarded as way” and you express, in our opinion, the prototype of similar efforts car­ the vital principle which motivates ried out since then in other States of the Pine Tree State. the Union and the forerunner of the Maine and the people of Maine present “ Boost Maine” movement. have always been “ pioneering” , or From this first organized State-wide “ pointing the way” , since organized “booster” movement of 1921 came human efforts first saw the light of the Maine Publicity Bureau and day on our rugged shores, along the later, in 1927, the Maine Development roads into our great forests and Commission. among the fertile fields and meadows The Maine Publicity Bureau was of our highly-developed farmlands. established “ to acquire and dissemi­ In the industrial expansion of the nate information concerning the busi­ past century, in the financing of ness interests of the State of Maine large, economic ventures, in the cre­ . . . to act as advertising and pub­ ation of a new and basic business licity agent for the aforesaid pur­ activity of the past fifty years— the poses; to buy, print, sell, publish and recreation industry — Maine people deal in papers, books, magazines and again and again have spelled out the other publications . . .” The Pub­ roles of “ pioneers.” It would seem licity Bureau is today briefly de­

AUTUMN, 1949 3 scribed as “ a voluntarily supported, basic “ teamwork” principles. Any State-wide, non-profit, non-partisan “ wandering off” by one or the other organization for the promotion and member of the team leads to an ac­ development of Maine’s agricultural, companying loss of effectiveness in industrial, recreational and maritime the goal of “ pulling” business and resources.” people into the Pine Tree State. From 1922 to 1926, the Maine Pub­ The necessary fueling of this mech­ licity Bureau raised money from the anism, on the one hand by State businesses and communities of the appropriation, and on the other by State to advertise Maine and to pub­ voluntary community, business and lish booklets and folders to promote individual membership support, de­ business and attract people to Maine. termines the rate of operation and In 1925 at the urging of members effectiveness of each organization and leaders of the Publicity Bureau, and also the total promotional effort the State Legislature appropriated in behalf of Maine business. $25,000 a year for two years for ad­ vertising and publishing folders and It was against this background of maps on Maine. smoothly - functioning promotional The Maine Publicity Bureau then “ teamwork” that the Boost Maine became the service organization to movement was launched. handle the inquiries created by such Its first basic goal was and is “ to advertising. Its Publicity Commit­ reawaken the booster spirit in every tee, together with its president and citizen of Maine.” And Maine has general secretary, were constituted many “ citizens” , resident, seasonal an advisory board that sat in council and away-from-home, throughout the with the Governor and Executive world. Council to determine the media in Its second primary objective was which advertising should be placed. and is “ to reawaken public interest So successful was this teamwork in the imperative need for increased between government agency and pri­ promotional activity for the State of vate enterprise that in 1927 the Legis­ Maine.” Everyone in Maine realizes lature increased the advertising ap­ that we have entered a highly-com- propriation by the State to $50,000 a petitive era and that other States, year for two years and set up the regions and neighboring countries Maine Development Commission un­ during recent years have outstripped der organization lines much the same the Pine Tree State in advertising as exist today to administer the ap­ and promotional budgets. It is con­ propriation. ceded generally that if Maine is to The concept then established of the regain its preeminence in promotion, relative positions of the Maine De­ it must provide more “ fuel” for the velopment Commission, the official promotional team. State agency, as the “ wholesaler” for The third basic goal was and is the State of Maine, and the Maine to conduct an extensive drive for in­ Publicity Bureau, voluntarily sup­ creased membership support of the ported by business and communities, Maine Publicity Bureau’s program as the “retailer” and service organ­ and increased legislative support for ization, has been developed by actual the Maine Development Commission. practice over the years. The effec­ This is the practical implementation tiveness of this “ teamwork” is dem­ by which the first two primary goals onstrated daily in the coordinated ac­ can be achieved. tivities of the two agencies. Two factors important to the -ac­ This combination means that the cess of any such “ booster” movement total efforts of the two organizations, were at hand. First, the necessary which are separate fiscal entities, give leadership was available; second, the Maine an advertising and promo­ time for such a movement, pertaining tional mechanism unequalled by any to the status of business conditions other State. Many attempts have generally, seemed propitious. The been made in other States to imitate “ buyers’ market” was setting in, a it, but the secret of its success lies period when promotion and selling in strict and constant adhering to its efforts pay their biggest dividends.

4 THE PINE CONE The enthusiasm for “Boosting Maine” shown at the first county opening meeting at Lewiston last Nov. 29 set the keynote for the en­ tire 16-county campaign. From there on it was obvious that Maine leaders and businessmen are basically “booster-minded”. Seated, left to right, are Harold F. Schnurle, active chairman; Gov. Frederick G. Payne, honorary chairman, Harold N. Skelton and Frank S. Hoy, Androscoggin County co-chairmen. Standing, left to right, are then-Mayor Louis P. Gagne of Lewiston, Blin W. Page, chairman of the board, and Edward B. Denny, Jr., president, of the Maine Publicity Bureau; Mayor Rosaire L. Halle of Auburn, Fred H. Gabbi, MPB treasurer; Everett F. Greaton, executive director, Maine Develop­ ment Commission; and Guy P. Butler, executive manager, MPB.

Frederick G. Payne came to the est public utility, and thus is in a key governorship of the State of Maine everyday position for the promotion with a considerable background of and development of Maine’s economy. business and promotional experience. Schnurle likewise enthusiastically During the decade of the Thirties he accepted the job of active chairman had been active in bringing many of the State-wide Boost Maine Com­ new industries into Maine, an ac­ mittee and he, too, has visited every tivity which he admits is “ closest to county in the State to spark up the his heart.” Last Fall, as Governor- “ Boost Maine” drive. elect, he enthusiastically accepted A key State-wide committee also honorary chairmanship of the Boost was at hand to head up the move­ Maine movement and has carried its ment in each of the 16 counties, in message into every county of the the county representatives on the State. By title and by action he has Board of Directors of the Maine Pub­ rated the title of “ Maine’s No. One licity Bureau. With the assistance Booster.” of one or more co-chairmen in each Harold F. Schnurle, chairman of county, sponsoring committees of rep­ the Maine Development Commission, resentative and leading citizens rep­ likewise has been in the forefront of resenting virtually every community State “ booster” activities for many in each county were invited to serve years to the point where he is gener­ on their respective county commit­ ally regarded as “ Mr. Maine Booster” tees. The total for all 16 counties himself. In business life he is assist­ makes up a roster of some 1,800 key ant to the president of the Central “ boosters” throughout the State of Maine Power Company, Maine’s larg­ Maine, all of whom actively or other­ AUTUMN, 1949 5 wise are participating in the Boost Maine Turnpike, where 90 per cent Maine movement. of all automobile traffic enters the State of Maine. As another “ Boost T he “first phase” of the Boost Maine movement has been a cam­ Maine” item, it appropriated $10,000 paign to rapidly increase membership for a survey of pollen-free areas in support of the Maine Publicity Bu­ the State, an attraction to the mil­ lions of hay fever sufferers in the reau and to increase the State appro­ Nation. priation for advertising through the Maine Development Commission. The It is significant that the Maine latter objective was accomplished by Legislature entered into the “ booster” favorable action of the recent session spirit at a time when other State of the Legislature, while the Pub­ Legislatures, particularly in the licity Bureau campaign among Maine Northeast, were trimming their pro­ businesses, individuals and commu­ motional budgets and in some cases nities continues on a year around eliminating valuable services in the basis as is the nature of the effort. cause of business promotion. The campaign to enlist greatly ex­ Both partners in Maine’s pro­ panded membership support of the motional “team” , government agency Maine Publicity Bureau was launched and private enterprise, thus have been last November 29 in Androscoggin strengthened for the coming year County, with both Governor Payne and the years immediately ahead, so and Mr. Schnurle as the keynoters. that with the execution of present From an existing ratio of one mem­ plans and the continued support of ber of the Publicity Bureau to every the citizens of the Pine Tree State, 35 business and industrial establish­ the State of Maine again seems like­ ments in the county, a three-week ly to regain its former leadership in campaign brought the ratio down to the promotional and publicity field. 1 to 4. From then up to the present, this F rom the very start of the cam­ “ first phase” of the Boost Maine paign, the Publicity Bureau Board of movement (the intensive campaign) Directors— 40 leading citizens repre­ has been brought swiftly into all 16 sentative of every economic activity counties of the State, until at present and every section of the S ta te - the State-wide ratio is one Publicity adopted an expansion program which Bureau member to slightly less than has been put into motion during the every three business and industrial past few months as membership sup­ establishments listed in the most re­ port increased. cent census figures. The goal being Briefly, the points in this program sought is a ratio of 1 to 2. are: A stepup in all current Bureau During the next few months the selling techniques, year-around oper­ inevitable “ cleanup” and followup ation of the Maine Hospitality Build­ work will be in progress and the first, ing at Kittery (where a temporary or campaign, phase of the Boost log cabin information office now is in Maine movement will be climaxed operation), establishment of more with a State-wide meeting late in out-of-state “ salesrooms” (such as the October, when public recognition will Maine Information Office now in be given to the campaign leaders from operation in Radio City, New York), each county. establishment of a Community Rela­ tions Department to assist Maine As its part of the Boost Maine cities and towns with local promo­ responsibility, the recent session of tional and development projects, a the Legislature increased the funds special projects and convention de­ for the Maine Development Commis­ partment to “ sell” Maine at conven­ sion from $235,000 to $290,000 each tions and also to persuade such year for the next two years. It also groups to convene in Maine, and appropriated a capital expenditure of establishment of an expert advertis­ $60,000 for the erection of a Maine ing counseling service to help Maine Hospitality Building and year around businesses and communities. industrial exhibit at the Kittery junc­ Other similar projects in further­ tion of U. S. Route One and the ance of bringing more business and

6 THE PINE CONE The biggest opening dinner was in Portland (Cumberland County) where Governor Payne is shown presenting the Boost Maine message to some 300 civic, business and professional leaders. people to Maine will be placed in of chalking up a 100 per cent record operation from time to time in the in the campaign. One small town, future as the need indicates and ad­ Solon in Somerset County, did bet­ ditional support becomes available. ter than 100 per cent, if that is pos­ Some time prior to the Boost Maine sible. With only eight businesses Campaign, the Publicity Bureau had listed in the town, the committeemen prepared an institutional booklet ad­ there, Henry Ruloff and John L. Foss, dressed to the people of Maine and went out and signed up 16 new mem­ entitled “ Your Share in Maine’s Eco­ bers for the Publicity Bureau for a nomic Future.” This described in State community record. brief picture story form the promo­ tional setup in Maine and the “ sell­ A mong the advantages of putting ing” activities of the Publicity Bu­ on the campaign county-by-county, reau. It made an effective campaign rather than operating from a State piece and brought out the funda­ level, has been that this method per­ mental thought that “ the only limit mitted a closer contact between the to the scope of the Publicity Bureau’s Publicity Bureau staff and individuals activities in behalf of Maine’s econ­ at the community level. Thus, indi­ omy is the amount of financial sup­ vidual business people came to have port it receives from Maine busi­ a better knowledge of the Publicity nesses, communities and individuals.” Bureau’s work and the Publicity Bu­ Such an approach laid the problem reau staff derived a better under­ right on the line for the people of standing of individual and community Maine and their response generally promotional problems. All of which has been conceded to be nothing less promises a much more effective pro­ than magnificent. Every county, gram in the months and years ahead. every community, virtually without By-products of the campaign have exception, has taken up the “ Boost been many and still are coming to Maine” idea and proven conclusively light, since the Publicity Bureau re­ that again in this generation Maine gards the Boost Maine movement as can be listed high in the column of only beginning. In the last analysis, “ booster” States. A number of com­ “ boosting Maine” is an activity for munities came within a small margin every day in the year and for many AUTUMN, 1949 7 section, including their own. When it is remembered that Maine is as large in area as the other five New England States combined, it may be seen how readily sectionalism might lend itself to promoting a divisive spirit among the people of Maine. The Boost Maine movement has been and will be a powerful influence for State-wide unity. The Boost Maine movement also has been a strong factor and a start­ ing point in “ selling Maine to Maine people.” Everyone has been en­ couraged to learn more about their Pine Tree State, its tremendous re­ sources and possibilities. Such a concept is, of course, basic to a “booster” movement. During the campaign a start along these lines was made in the schools, principally Outstanding Maine “ boosters” Zent at the high school level and, as was their support at the various report to be expected, the response among meetings in each county. Here Ralph the thousands of Maine young people E. Gould of Madison, noted Maine au­ contacted was tremendous. The young thor, speaks to a York County report people are anxious to know more meeting at Kennebunk. Others, left about their home State, especially its to right, are George J. Wentworth, economic possibilities and oppor­ Development Commission member; tunities, and the years ahead will see Arthur F. Maxwell, York County co- greater attention paid to this sub­ chairman and president of Maine ject by our school authorities. Bankers Association; and Walter T. For years one of the neatly-phrased Day, Kennebunk business leader and capsule criticisms thrown at Maine hotel man. people has been that “ Maine’s great­ est export is her young people.” years to come. It is specifically the Perhaps, as the Boost Maine move­ business the Publicity Bureau is in. ment develops, such a trend may be The Bureau believes that one of its checked and the best of our young primary tasks is to make every man, people encouraged to stay on in Maine woman and child in Maine a Maine and take part in the building up of Booster and to encourage them to re­ the State. Such, at least, is one of main as such for life. the long-range objectives of the Boost First and foremost among the sec­ Maine idea. ondary results has been the fostering and growth of a State-wide spirit of As A suggested Boost Maine “ plat­ unity between business people in all form” to which all Maine “ boosters” sections of the State. The Boost could subscribe, the Publicity Bureau Maine movement has given all citi­ has compiled a “ Maine Boosters’ zens of the Pine Tree State a rally­ Code,” which is a summation of many ing point around which the perversely of the fundamental suggestions made natural tendency to sectionalism and by Maine people themselves as the regionalism may be held in check campaign progressed county-by­ and, perhaps some day, generally county. It is being made available eliminated. to all Bureau members, since member­ In county after county local lead­ ship in the Bureau constitutes the ers publicly declared that in their most tangible and effective expression opinion what is good for Maine is of the “ booster” spirit. Printed on a good for business in their locality six by nine card, it also may be found and what will help any particular suitable for display in schools and section of the State will help every similar places.

8 THE PINE CONE The practical phase of the campaign, enlisting support for the Maine Publicity Bureau, is typified in this scene in the Somerset County headquarters in the Skowhegan House, with J. Ernest Dionne, Skowhegan printer, and Robert Cross, hardware merchant, signing a membership pledge in the presence of Thomas J. Leeds, right, Publicity Bureau staffer.

Here, then, is the “ code” as de­ is a good place in which to work, live veloped during the Boost Maine Cam­ and play. paign : 6. To assist in all worthy projects “ We are Maine Boosters! for the improvement and development “ In order to do our part in Boost­ of our community and our State. ing Maine, we are resolved: 7. To do the best job within our 1. To learn as much as possible capabilities, in whatever we are do­ about the State of Maine and its ing, so that Maine’s reputation for tremendous resources of forest, farm, skill and integrity will be constant­ factory and coastal fisheries. ly advanced. 2. To live up to the fine old Maine 8. To give adequate value for all tradition of hospitality in every way charges made for products, services, possible. or accommodations. 3. To be courteous and friendly 9. To “ Boost” , instead of “ Knock”, in all our contacts with the public and to offer criticism only for con­ and our business associates. structive purposes. 4. To do everything within our 10. To support the efforts of power to conserve and improve Maine’s promotional agencies, the Maine’s natural resources for future Maine Publicity Bureau and the generations. Maine Development Commission.” 5. To be able to tell others, espe­ Another slogan developed at the cially guests in our State, why Maine start of the campaign also found com­ AUTUMN, 1949 9 mon use and will be used extensively long-range vision involved, the Boost in the future. It was: “ Live Maine— Maine movement cannot be said to Talk Maine— Boost Maine.” Maine suffer from narrowness of objective. newspapers, radio stations and out­ Both the Maine Development Com­ door advertising facilities gave un- mission and the Maine Publicity Bu­ stintingly of support during the cam­ reau have as their reason for being paign period. The outdoor advertis­ the creation of an ever-widening de­ ing agencies donated space on more mand for all of Maine’s products, ser­ than 100 boards throughout the State vices and resources. Such increased and 24-sheet posters were used in demand will be translated into more nearly every county while the cam­ employment, larger payrolls, in­ paigns were in progress. Local ad­ creased business activity and a more vertisers “ tied-in” with Boost Maine prosperous State of Maine. Greater copy and cooperation from all sources prosperity will result in higher exceeded all expectations. standards of living for all the people Boost Maine enthusiasm even of Maine. And that, in a nutshell, “ spilled over” across the borders of is the ultimate goal of the Boost the State, with several businesses in Maine movement— a higher standard New Hampshire and New Brunswick, of living for every man, woman and Canada, signing up in the Maine child in the State of Maine. Publicity Bureau. Wherever possible, Toward that unlimited horizon the local speakers were obtained for the Boost Maine movement is beckoning various county meetings and had a every citizen of the Pine Tree State. chance to tell about outstanding de­ Every useful idea, every ounce of velopments in business and industry available energy, every sincere ser­ in each area. The Maine colleges also vice which can be marshalled for such were given the opportunity to tell a cause will be needed if the “ booster” their story to the business leaders as­ movement so successfully inaugu­ sembled and the University of Maine rated is to be kept a living, produc­ especially provided speakers to detail tive organism. the various projects by which the You will be hearing more about University “ boosts” Maine. this Boost Maine movement in the By the time the campaign had months and years ahead. Right now gone through three counties, one of every citizen of Maine can take pride the leading citizens in the State pub­ in the fact that again at this point in licly commented that “ This is the the history of the State and the Na­ biggest movement ever put on in the tion, Maine again is “ pointing the State of Maine.” way” to a brighter economic future. Certainly, from the standpoint of Dirigo!

A n e w 24-page booklet on the City of Bath as the “ Place to Live-Work-Play” is just off the press. Leading local writers and photographers assisted the local Chamber of Commerce committee in its preparation, including Harry C. Webber, dean of Maine editors and Publicity Bureau director, who published the first booklet on Bath 54 years ago. Industry, shipbuilding, homes and recreational facili­ ties, including information on the new Reid State Park at Georgetown, are among the subjects outlined in the booklet. Harold P. Small, local C. of C. prexy, contributes an invi­ tational message.

10 THE PINE CONE Governors of Maine, I860 - 1900

By Reginald E. Carles

Continuing the biographical sketches on Maine Governors begun by Mr. Carles in last Autumn’s PINE CONE.

srael W ashburn, Jr., was the 23rd to A. & P. Coburn. Both Abner and I Governor of Maine. He was born in his brother were known as shrewd Livermore Falls, June 6, 1813. His businessmen, pioneers in land and father was a shipbuilder and prom­ lumber enterprises. They owned more inent citizen. Young Washburn’s early than 450,000 acres and held interests childhood was that of an average in the Kennebec & Portland Railroad. youth of his time, and the records tell Abner Coburn, like so many before little more. He studied law at an early him, adopted the ways and means of age, not uncommon in that day, and a businessman-politician at an early was admitted to the bar in 1834. age, and was first a Federalist, then Later he moved to Orono and set up a Whig, and later a Republican. In his law practice. In 1850 he was 1862 he was elected Governor, an elected to Congress and was reelected honor bestowed upon him chiefly be­ four times. As U. S. Congressman cause of his earlier record as a dis­ from Maine, he was a firm believer in tinguished businessman. Abner Co­ anti-slavery legislation. During this burn died January 4th, 1885. crucial period preceding the Civil War, the State of Maine voiced its Samuel Cony was the 25th Gover­ open indignation against the South for nor of Maine. He was born in Au­ its policy on slavery. Washburn was gusta, February 27, 1811. Born of elected Governor in 1860 and re­ wealthy parentage he was afforded a elected in 1861, declining a third private tutor and later sent to China nomination in 1862. He was appointed Academy. He graduated from Brown Collector of Customs for the Port of University in 1829. Becoming deeply Portland in 1863, holding office until interested in a law career, he studied 1877. He was offered the position of in Farmington and Augusta. He was president of Tufts College, but de­ admitted to the bar in 1832, and es­ clined the honor. Israel Washburn, tablished practice at Old Town. When Jr., was a Republican and died in he was 24 years of age he was elected Philadelphia, May 12, 1883. to the State House of Representatives. In 1840 he was Judge of Probate Court in Penobscot County. He was A bner Coburn, 24th Governor of land agent for three years, (1847-50) Maine, was born in Skowhegan, March and became treasurer of the State, 22, 1803. He received his early educa­ holding that office for four consecu­ tion at Bloomfield Academy. His tive years. He returned to Augusta in father built up extensive land holdings 1854 and became mayor of that city. in the Kennebec Valley, and the firm He became a War Democrat, was of E. Coburn & Sons grew in reputa­ elected Governor in 1863 and re­ tion. The Coburns bought land, sur­ elected in ’64 and ’65. President Lin­ veyed properties and cut lumber. coln commended Governor Cony for When Eleaser Coburn died in 1845, the splendid war record of the State. the name of the company was changed Maine sent 71,558 men into the Civil

AUTUMN, 1949 I I War. Samuel Cony died October 5, culture in 1853. Mr. Perham was a 1870. Universalist and president of the na­ tional congress. He later became trus­ Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain tee, a position he held for 22 years. was the 26th Governor of Maine. He He left the Democratic Party in 1853 was born in Bangor, Sept. 8, 1828. and joined the Republicans. In 1854 The Chamberlains were of a proud he was elected to the State Legisla­ military family, and young Joshua ture, becoming Speaker of the House was sent to a military academy at in 1858. In 1860 he was clerk of the Ellsworth. He was a graduate of Supreme Court in Oxford County. He Bowdoin College in 1852. In 1855, he served a second term as clerk, resign­ graduated from the Bangor Theologi­ ing in 1863. In 1862 he was elected to cal Seminary, and became a licensed Congress from the second Maine Dis­ minister. The records show that he trict and reelected in 1864 and 1866. was Professor of Rhetoric at Bowdoin In 1870 he was elected Governor and from 1856 to 1860, later becoming reelected in 1871, and 1872. During Professor of Languages. In 1862 he his administration as Governor he ad­ entered the army as Lieutenant Col­ vocated reform of the jail system, em­ onel in the Maine Regimental Volun­ ployment for prisoners and an indus­ teers with the Army of the Potomac. trial school for girls. Perham was The following year he received his appointed appraiser for the Port of commission as full Colonel. In 1864 Portland in 1883, holding said office Col. Chamberlain was made Brig. Gen­ until 1891. He moved to Washington, eral for gallantry in action. D. C., retaining a Summer residence He was severely wounded in 1865, at Paris Hill. Sidney Perham died promoted to Major General, and re­ April 9, 1907. ceived a special commendation from General Grant for an emeritus war N elson Dingley, Jr., was the 28th record. It was later learned that Governor of Maine. He was born in Chamberlain was a hero at “ Little Durham, Feb. 15, 1832. The eldest Round Top,” the locale of a spectacu­ son in a strict temperance family, he lar military engagement. The General became a devout worker at an early retired from the Army and once again age. At the age of 17 he taught school accepted a position as Professor at at China, Maine. He later went to Bowdoin. In 1866 he was elected Gov­ Colby College and Dartmouth. He be­ ernor and reelected in 1867-, ’68 and came publisher of the Lewiston Jour­ ’69. His gubernatorial record was as nal in 1856, the sole proprietor and brilliant as his Army record. In 1871 editor of that Republican newspaper. he was elected president of Bowdoin Mr. Dingley was elected to the State College and served 12 years in that Legislature in 1861, and reelected in capacity. He was Professor of Men­ 1862, ’63, ’64 and ’68. He was speaker tal and Moral Philosophy in 1874- of the House in ’63 and ’64. In 1868 1879. He was appointed Major Gen­ he was leader in the fight for prohi­ eral of the state militia, commanding bition. He was elected Governor in the troops at the state house during 1873 and reelected in ’74. In 1881 he the “ political troubles” of January, was elected Representative from the 1880. He held Summer residence at Second Maine Congressional District Brunswick, with other residences in to fill the vacancy caused by the elec­ New York and Florida. Joshua L. tion of William P. Frye to the U. S. Chamberlain died February 26, 1914. Senate. Representative Dingley wa- a member of the 48th, 49th, 50th, 51st, Sidney Perham was the 27th Gov­ 52nd and 53rd Congresses. Nelson ernor of Maine. He was born in Dingley, Jr., died January 13, 1899. Woodstock, March 27, 1819. He re­ ceived his education at Gould Acad­ Seldon Conner was the 29th Gov­ emy, Bethel. When Perham was 19 ernor of Maine. He was born in Fair- years of age, he worked on the fam­ field, Jan. 25, 1839. He graduated ily farm Summers, and taught in an from Tufts College in 1859. He read elementary school Winters. He was law for Washburn & Marsh in Wood- a member on the Board of State Agri­ stock, Vt., and enlisted in the First

12 THE PINE CONE Vermont Regiment at the outbreak of cial interests in the State, particular­ the Civil War, only to retire to Maine ly in Lewiston. He was known as a and enlist in the 7th Maine Regular kindly, frank, public-spirited man. Volunteers. In 1863, Conner was com­ Alonzo Garcelon died Dec. 8, 1906. missioned a full colonel in the 99th Maine Regulars. Colonel Conner’s Daniel F ranklin Davis was the Army promotions continued and at the 31st Governor of Maine. He was born “ Battle of the Wilderness,” while in in Freedom, Sept. 12, 1843. He re­ action with the 2nd Division of the ceived his preliminary education at 2nd Army he proved his gallantry in Corinth Academy, later attending action. President Lincoln commis­ Kent’s Hill Seminary. In the year sioned him a Brigadier General of the 1879 there was no election for Gov­ Maine Volunteers in 1864. Returning ernor, but there were four men who home from the war Conner was ap­ sought the post. They were Daniel F. pointed Collector of Internal Revenue Davis, a Republican, the Hon. Joseph for the Third Maine District in 1868. L. Smith of the Greenback Party, the He later became Collector of Internal Hon. Alonzo Garcelon, who then was Revenue for the entire State, a posi­ Governor, and the Democratic candi­ tion which he held until his nomina­ date, the Hon. Bion Bradbury. The tion for Governor in 1875. He was state elections at that time were the elected in ’75, and reelected in 1876 stormiest in our political history, for and ’77. He failed in a fourth-term the Greenbacks and the Democrats try. President Arthur appointed him united to “fuse” their respective can­ Pension Agent for the State of Maine didates for the State Legislature and in 1882, an office which he held for minor positions, but they ran sepa­ seven years. He was president of the rate men for Governor. Northern Bank until 1893, and Ad­ During the electoral turmoil which jutant General of the State until that followed, the entire Nation became year. Seldon Conner was a Republi­ interested in what was known as “ the can. political troubles of 1880.” The anti- Republicans were in majority when A lonzo Garcelon was the 30th the State Legislature assembled on Governor of Maine. He was born in the first Wednesday of January, and Lewiston, May 6, 1813. Like so many there were members of both factions of his contemporaries, young Garce­ who claimed seats in the House and lon worked on the family farm in the Senate occupied by each other. A Summer and went to the district small skirmish ensued, the State Mili­ school in the Winter. His real educa­ tia was called out and a Gatling gun tion began at Monmouth, Waterville mounted near the entrance to the and Newcastle Academies, later at­ State House. A legal representative tending Bowdoin College (1832-1836) body soon was formed and Daniel He took charge of Alfred Academy for F. Davis elected to serve as Governor three terms, but relinquished his for one year. Mr. Davis later retired teaching career to study medicine at to establish a law practice in Bangor. Dartmouth Medical School and later He died Jan. 9, 1897. at the Medical College of Ohio. He was graduated from the latter insti­ Harris Merrill Plaisted was the tution in 1839 and set up practice in 32nd Governor of Maine. He was born Lewiston. Garcelon was a Free Soil- in Jefferson, N. H., Nov. 2, 1828. His er, a Republican during the Civil War early childhood was spent doing the and later converted to the Democratic innumerable chores around the family Party. He was elected to the State farm and going to school when he had Legislature in 1853, and reelected in free time. He graduated from Water­ 1855 and ’57. He was the Democratic ville College in 1853 and Albany Law candidate for Congress in 1868. He School in ’55. He established a law was the first Democratic Mayor ever practice at Bangor in 1856. In August elected in Lewiston. He was elected of 1861 he enlisted in the 11th Maine Governor in 1878. During his admin­ Regular Volunteers, and was commis­ istration he was responsible for pro­ sioned a Lieutenant Colonel. He saw moting many industrial and commer­ action in several extensive engage­

AUTUMN, 1949 13 ments and was promoted twice by lived in a foster home preceding this President Lincoln for “ gallant and period of his life. In 1835 he learned meritorious conduct in the field.” He the shoemaker’s trade, going to school retired from the Army and re-entered in the daytime and working nights. law practice at Bangor in 1865. He In 1838 he and his father, re-united was elected to the State Legislature in once again, bought a farm in West 1867 and ’68, later was appointed At­ Methuen. He was a diligent farmer torney General, a position which he for 10 years then he entered the stone served with distinction. Plaisted was business in 1852 at Fox Island and be­ elected to the 44th Congress in 1875, came a successful business operator. and was elected Governor in 1880 as a A corporation was later formed with fusion candidate and served two years. Bodwell as its president. He later became editor of a liberal He moved to Hallowell in 1866 and newspaper called the “ New-Age” in went into partnership with men who Augusta. Harris M. Plaisted died Jan. owned the Hallowell Quarries, and 31, 1898. had large farm holdings there. He be­ came deeply interested in the science Frederick Robie was the 33rd Gov­ of agriculture and was soon stock ernor of Maine. He was born in Gor­ breeding. He held interests in the ice ham, August 12, 1822. He was grad­ and lumbering operations along the uated from Bowdoin College in 1841. Kennebec River, and became president He moved to the South and taught of Bodwell Water Co., and the Old Academics for awhile, then decided to Town Railroad Enterprises. He was adopt a medical career and so entered elected Governor in 1884, and re­ Jefferson Medical College. After elected in 1885 and ’86. He was also graduation from that institution in Mayor of Hallowell for two years. 1844, he began practice in Biddeford Joseph R. Bodwell was a Republican and held residence there for 11 years. and died Dec. 15, 1887. He later moved from there to Waldo- boro and from that town to Gorham. Sebastian Streeter Marble was Robie was appointed Paymaster of the 35th Governor of Maine. He was the United States Volunteers in 1863, born in Dixfield, March 1, 1817. Upon and joined the Army of the Potomac. his graduation from Waterville Acad­ He was commissioned a Lieutenant emy, he studied law. But it was not Colonel in 1865 in recognition of ser­ until a much later date that he was vices rendered and retired the follow­ admitted to the bar. The records show ing year to return home. that he had a practice in 1843. He be­ He was elected to the State Legis­ came a lawyer in the Collector of Cus­ lature in 1866 and ’67, and was Speak­ toms Department in 1861. He was er of the House from 1872 to 1876. elected to the State Legislature in He rose up through the ranks of the 1883 and was President of the Senate Republican Party, and was elected in December 15, 1887, when Gov. Jo­ Governor in 1882, and reelected in seph R. Bodwell died. That position 1883. As chief magistrate he was permitted him to become Acting Gov­ firm and capable. He was Maine State ernor of Maine and finish Bodwell’s Grange Master from 1881 to 1888. He tenure of office. In 1888, he ran was a director of the Portland and against Burleigh for the Governor­ Rochester Railroad, Union Mutual ship, but lost out. Sebastian S. Marble Life Insurance Co. and First National was a Republican and died May 10, Bank of Portland. In his later years 1902. he resided at Gorham. Frederick Robie died Feb. 6, 1912. E dwin Chick Burleigh was the 36th Governor of Maine. He was born Joseph R. Bodwell was the 34th in Linneus, Nov. 30, 1843. He was Governor of Maine. He was born in graduated from Houlton Academy and Methuen, Mass., June 19, 1818. His taught elementary school classes for early education followed the same pat­ awhile, then took to land surveying, tern of the times in rural America. later becoming a land agent. He At the age of 16 he hired out as a worked in the office of the State farm laborer for $6.00 a month. He Treasury for five years, then became

14 THE PINE CONE assistant clerk in the House of Repre­ sioned a lieutenant in the 23rd Maine sentatives in Augusta. In 1885 he be­ Volunteers that same year. His war came State Treasurer, a position record was not as spectacular as some which he held for two years. In 1888 of his predecessors, but one of pa­ he was elected Governor, and reelected triotic service to his Country. He re­ in 1890. During his administration he turned home and entered the farming was widely respected for his “ ability, and lumber business, and later studied economy, efficiency and performance law and went into practice with his of executive duties.” He was a U. S. brother. He was elected to the state Senator from 1913 up until the date legislature in 1876 and ’77. He be­ of his death, June 17, 1916. Edwin C. came City Solicitor of Portland the Burleigh was a member of the Repub­ following year, and Attorney General lican Party. in 1880. During his service as Attor­ (Note: It was during Governor ney General, he was noted for his Burleigh’s time that the State Con­ prominent criminal tax and railroad stitution was amended to read, “ The cases. A fervent Republican, he was Governor shall be elected for a term elected Governor in 1892, and reelected of two years instead of one.” ) in 1894. Henry B. Cleaves died June 22, 1912. Henry Bradstreet Cleaves was the 37th Governor of Maine. He was born Llewellyn Powers who was the in Bridgton in 1840. He was a grad­ 38th Governor of Maine held office uate of Bridgton Academy. He en­ from 1896 to 1900. His biography ap­ listed as a private soldier in 1862, peared in the first publication, “ Gov­ Company B, Maine Regular Volun­ ernors of Maine, 1900-1948” in the teers. Private Cleaves was commis­ PINE CONE, Autumn, 1948.

Maine enjoyed an estimated 15 per cent increase in its recreational business during the past Summer, one of the best gains among the New England States. An improving industrial outlook also was reported in September.

AUTUMN, 1949 15 The Jackson Laboratory

By Dr. Clarence C. Little

The founder and director of one of the Nation’s most important centers of scientific research tells how the 1947 fires almost miracu­ lously brought needed new support and interest to a key institution in the unrelenting battle against cancer.

wenty years ago the first isolated road to Otter Creek and Seal Harbor. T center of research in this Coun­ In 1940-41 Mr. and Mrs. William try on the cause and nature of cancer Peirson Hamilton gave to the labora­ was founded in Bar Harbor, Maine. tory the land and buildings of a It was a small biological laboratory large farm at Salisbury Cove. This established in memory of Roscoe B. is known as Hamilton Station. Here Jackson, (who until his death a short is carried on the behavior and psycho­ time before had been president of logical studies on dogs, mice and the Hudson Motor Company), by his goats. Here, also, are kept the rab­ widow, her brother and their cousin bit and cat colonies for various types by marriage. of biological research. The Kerin Today the Jackson Memorial farm, acquired by purchase in 1948, Laboratory, incorporated in 1929, is located near Hamilton Station. It owns some two hundred acres of land is used for research and for the rais­ and seventeen buildings in the town ing of food for the experimental ani­ of Bar Harbor on Mount Desert mals. Visitors are welcome at any Island. It has no endowment. Its one of the laboratory units Mondays research is supported by grants in through Fridays in the afternoons. aid, by donations, and by the sale of surplus animals from its unique T he project was a continuation of strains for research at other institu­ a strong belief in pioneer research tions. Its annual operating budget is and in the lasting value of ideas, approximately $500,000 and its pay­ which Mr. Jackson had supported roll includes about one hundred all- with a group of research scientists year-round employees. at the University of Michigan for the four preceding years. The scien­ Its major objective is to use knowl­ tific ancestry of the project was a edge and control of heredity to study long one. In 1907 the writer of this the origin and nature of cancer and article had begun to develop inbred the part which heredity plays in de­ strains of mice for use in research, termining the degree of intelligence not only in cancer but in the whole and the emotional type of individuals. field of experimental medicine. Its present animal colonies consist of Inbreeding produces uniformity . . . 90,000 mice, 1,000 rabbits, 150 dogs, “ sameness” of animals . . . within a and a number of cats, rats, guinea strain or single line of descent. pigs, hamsters and goats. After 20 generations of inbreeding of The main laboratory and “ Alder- brother to sister or of parent to off­ sea” , a center for visiting summer spring the resulting descendants are scientists, are located just outside all of them so much alike that they of the town of Bar Harbor on the resemble the so-called “ identical

16 THE PINE CONE twins” in humans. Instead of being limited to twins, however, one may multiply such an inbred strain so that he can obtain five, fifty or fifty thou­ sand individuals as nearly uniform as one can make mammals. He has, by doing this, established a “ standard” which in succeeding generations will go on reproducing exact replicas of itself without vari­ ation or change. This enables the re­ search worker who must use living animals to count on a degree of ac­ curacy in his experimental material hitherto unknown. The Jackson Lab­ oratory was the first and still is the largest source of supply of such ma­ terial in the world. The laboratory itself, with its staff of 18 members and 85 scientific and other assistants, has contributed many published results of experi­ ments that have served as guides and beacons for research elsewhere throughout the world. It is almost as difficult to describe these results in simple terms as it Dr. Clarence C. Little, founder and would be for the research workers in director of Jackson Laboratory, ex­ mathematics, physics and chemistry amines the most recent litter of their to have explained to the public the oldest strain (dilute brown) of inbred different steps in scientific reasoning mice. The babies are of the 219th by which they developed and demon­ generation. Dr. Little started this strated the theory and reality of strain in 1909 and it has made notable atomic energy release. contributions to our knowledge of can­ But before the great fire of Oc­ cer, influenza and nervous instability. tober, 1947, which destroyed the phys­ ical plant of the Jackson Laboratory, it had a number of major accomplish­ factor in the formation or develop­ ments to its credit. Some of these ment of some types of cancer in mice. are as follows: Before the fire, also, the Jackson (1) It had shown that the causes Laboratory was supplying hundreds of cancer differ with the type and of thousands of its unique strains of site of the cancer . . . in other words, mice to laboratories of medical re­ cancer is not a single disease. search throughout the country. With (2) It had shown that the tend­ these mice, men and women were ex­ ency to form or not to form different perimenting in these laboratories not types of cancer could be established only on cancer but on influenza, polio, and maintained in the various inbred pneumonia, yellow fever, rabies and many other diseases. The Jackson strains which had been produced. mice were the “ right hand” of the (3) It had shown that, in mice, work in the experimental attack on the formation of breast cancer was many problems of the fight against chiefly influenced by some agent or disease. substance which was transmitted by the mother in her milk to her daugh­ On the educational side, the ters. basically important training of re­ (4) It had shown that the bal­ search workers, the Jackson Labora­ ance between hormones, which are tory since 1931 has been accomplish­ the secretions of certain glands in ing new and significant results. Each the normal body, is the controlling summer there come for a ten-week pe-

AUTUMN, 1949 17 Jackson Laboratory alone could ren­ der and answers to research problems which could be given by it alone. It was trying to find ways and means of translating its obligations into re­ sults. To a great degree it found itself obstructed by the fact that there are few if any established ways by which the American public can be given the chance to contribute di­ rectly to pioneer or exploratory re­ search. The Jackson Laboratory recognized these things. It kept on working slowly, steadily, limited by lack of resources, until the fire came. In a strange, almost miraculous way the fire made over in a few brief hours the whole material situation that had been the well-defined framework on which the laboratory was trying to weave the pattern and fabric of its future. The hundred and fifty laboratories which had been using an annual total of over 300,000 mice supplied by the Dr. Nathan Kaliss conducts im­ Jackson Laboratory suddenly faced munological and serological investiga­ the fact that the supply had been de­ tions. The mice shown already have stroyed and that the experiments de­ cancer. pendent upon it must stop until it was renewed. The staff of the lab­ oratory at Bar Harbor knew this too. riod, a number of young medical and One by one, nuclei of all the basic scientific students to experience their stocks used elsewhere were recovered. first contacts with pioneer research Generous offers of these animals under relatively free and untram­ were made from other institutions meled conditions. where they had been received for ex­ Each student living at cost and perimental use. Extra effort and without tuition is fitted into the pro­ extra hours were used to meet thdse gram of research at the laboratory offers. Information revealing in­ under the conditions and at the level creased future need of this animal which his or her training justifies. material was obtained. Estimates of This has been a most successful ven­ probable demands were made and to­ ture. It has shown that creative day the number of breeding animals ability in scientific research can be is larger than ever before with plans recognized some years earlier than well under way to maintain a colony has been generally admitted. The which should produce close to 1,000,- amount and quality of work done by 000 mice per year. Of these, 600,000 these students have created a clean- are destined for distribution and 400,- cut challenge to our older ritualized 000 for the research of the Jackson educational procedures. Laboratory itself. For some time before the fire the Interestingly enough, a number of trustees of the laboratory had recog­ strains not hitherto available for dis­ nized that the opportunities for re­ tribution were provided by other lab­ search within the institution must be oratories and are now under mass increased extensively and promptly production at the Jackson Laboratory in order not to waste opportunities for use there and elsewhere as needed or time in the fight against cancer or desired. and for the increase of our knowl­ The research library with all of edge. These were services that the its reference books and a collection of

18 THE PINE CONE Dr. Katharine P. Hummel, left, inoculates a 21-day-old female mouse of C strain with the “mammary tumor inciter" in an homogen­ ized mammary gland. A tumor probably will be produced in between seven and 17 months. Barbara Rupple, assistant, holds a 10-months- old mouse, of the same strain, with an induced tumor. Dr. Hummel has been in charge of rebuilding the stocks of mice on which experi­ ments on the localization, distribution, function and intensity of the mammary tumor inciter can be based. some 35,000 reprints of scientific ar­ The Auxiliary had already, by so­ ticles was completely destroyed. Yet licitation of its own members for its before twenty-four hours after the Cancer Research Fund, provided $60,- fire, the first of more than six hun­ 000 in 1947-48 to rebuild completely dred individuals and institutions had offered and were sending replace­ the destroyed summer research build­ ment material. Then, when the re­ ings in which up to 32 medical and building of the library began, the scientific students can be housed, fed Ladies Auxiliary To The Veterans and trained in research methods for Of Foreign Wars undertook its equip­ ten weeks each summer. These ex­ ment and the establishment of a fund amples of direct, prompt and objec­ for purchase of the essential jour­ tive giving by a great patriotic nals and books on which research de­ organization are unique and of very pends. Of a total of $50,000 promised great significance as an object lesson for this purpose, $35,000 has already in applied democracy for human wel­ been received. fare.

AUTUMN, 1949 19 Nor is the work with medical and The Jackson Laboratory is a Na­ advanced scientific students the Jack- tional and not a local institution, for son Laboratory’s sole interest or ac­ it is founded on and contributes to tivity in educational pioneering. It principles and qualities that have has plans for a summer center to universal value and application. These which brilliant secondary school stu­ include the use and defense of the dents can obtain scholarships. In this right to use pioneer exploratory effort it has the enthusiastic and im­ methods in research. Such methods portant cooperation of Science Ser­ depend upon creative ideas of indi­ vice in Washington. There are al­ viduals working under freedom and ready 300,000 American boys and security of opportunity. This was girls in science clubs located in our the process that founded our govern­ high schools. Almost half of these ment and its ideals. Belief must be are vitally interested in biological in men, in confidence, in the devotion science or medicine. The plan is to which those who seek truth must feel pick, by competition, fifty to a hun­ in order to dare the chance of failure dred of the brightest of these each and to overcome obstacles. summer for work at the Jackson Lab­ Those who are trying to under­ oratory. stand the origin and nature of cancer This is an effort . . . completely of or to unravel the mysteries of in­ a pioneer nature . . . to discover cre­ telligence and the differences between ative research talent in these fields at emotional types of individuals, are in an earlier age by far than ever be­ a very real sense seeking new con­ fore. Pilot experiments have shown tinents, perhaps new worlds. They that such ’teen-agers are ready for cannot honestly tell how long their the challenge and that they meet it voyage will be, where it will lead, splendidly and successfully. An am­ what its discoveries may be or even ple area of land adjoining the exist­ whether the goal will be reached. ing main laboratory has been made They can and do pledge progress available by generous donors for this based on tireless concentrated effort and other purposes. inspired by faith. The main laboratory itself, now of more than twice its size in 1947, is In such work, Maine, both by its three-fifths complete and in active simple, natural beauty, its rugged­ use. The remainder is due to be ness, and the quality of its people ready for use in October, 1949, two who help as general assistants and in years after the fire. The main con­ actual research, is an ideal setting. tributor to this construction has been Most creative effort of man’s mind the Federal Government through its and spirit seeks quiet and isolation N a t i o n a 1 Cancer Institute of the for its birth and growth. Maine pos­ United States Public Health Service. sesses these opportunities which mark The original founders of the labora­ it as perhaps the most privileged of tory and their families have also all the forty-eight sisters under our given generously, as has the Rocke­ flag. Those of us who have worked feller Foundation and hundreds of and are working at the Jackson Lab­ other funds and individuals through­ oratory appreciate our good fortune out the country. and will do our best to show it.

More than a score of Maine manufacturers cooperated with the Maine Publicity Bureau in a 90-foot-long display of industrial products at the Eastern State Exposition at Springfield. An estimated 300,000 persons saw the display and took tens of thousands of folders and leaflets on Maine products. Other displays in the Maine Building, including agriculture, hunting and fishing, forestry, highway and sea and shore fisheries products also attracted considerable at­ tention.

20 THE PINE CONE Amos Solves A Thorny Problem PINE CONE’S Outdoor Editor contributes another of his Amos Mottram episodes, this time with the old coon hunter being treed by a porcupine!

n occasional ripple from the fool enough to get treed by a porcu­ A Southwest gently brushed the pine!” dark waters of Embden Pond. Amos Old Amos regarded the Autumn Mottram squared the big sponson foliage quietly for some moments be­ canoe around with two or three well- fore he spoke again and I knew from placed paddle thrusts and we nosed in long experience that this was a time toward the big spring hole. for me to remain silent. “ Why don’t you come down to After what seemed to be a proper Merrymeeting Bay with me next and respectful waiting period, I said: month and try some duck shooting?” “ Well . . . what about the porcupine? I inquired as my Gray Wulff floated No one that I ever heard of has ever quietly several inches from a tangled been treed by one. How in thunder patch of dri-ki. could such a thing happen to you . . . Amos’ leathery pink-brown face an old-time trapper and guide?” was beyond reading for a moment or Lighting his stubby little pipe two and then he commenced tugging with much deliberation, old Amos re­ on the left handlebar of his white laxed his features and looked at me moustache with considerable vigor. with tolerant good nature. Having known him for some years, “ Well” , he said, “ along about the I immediately sensed that I had said first of November, back in 1923. I was or done something to stir deep mem­ nurse-maiding a party of sports from ories in the old guide. Massachusetts over in the Dead River “ Well”, I added, it’ll be a good country. They were a good bunch of crowd— Deak Swallow from Rumford, fellers and we made camp in on the John and Louis Jack from down Lis­ Arnold Trail ’tween Dead River vil­ bon way and one or two others. lage and West Carry Pond. Snow You’d better plan to come.” hadn’t begun to come yet but we set Amos snorted! Perhaps I should up quarters in an old lumber camp have said he “ blew” . . . like an old cook-shack. Deer were a mite scarce buck sensing danger. and some wild, but hedgehogs were “ Duck shootin’ ” he roared. “ By sure plentiful. cuss! You can have it! I went “ The boys were pretty well tired down there after some of them fool­ out that first evenin’ after a six-mile ish salt water partridges one time tramp with loaded pack baskets, so . . . and the only time I ever got in we turned in early. Twice during the more trouble was oncet when I was first part of the night we all were

AUTUMN, 1949 21 routed out by them hedgehogs easier ’n a squirrel . . . in my stock­ a-gnawin’ and a-chewin’ on the kitch­ ing feet . . . an’ I sure could in them en door and the beams under the days! camp. “ Well, I begun to shake that limb Then, sometime ’round one o’clock where the old quill pig was a-roostin’. in the mornin’ one of the fool crit­ He hung onto his branch mighty well ters crawled up on the roof. I for a while but as I gave it more and figured he’d go off on some better more of a pumpin’ I guess the old business ’fore long and hoped he feller saw that he couldn’t hold on would. ’Bout that time there come way out there much longer. a treemendous crash and we all come “ ’Bout that time that ole porky- out of bed in a dretful confusion. pine started in along that branch That durn critter had come right toward the main trunk of the tree down through the old cabin skylight where I was perched to do the shak- . . . sash, glass and all, into a pan in\ The boys down below were a- of rabbit stew we’d left a-simmerin’ cheerin’ me on in great style and a- on the cook stove. makin’ plenty of racket. When the “ Well . . . we showed him the way critter came in a little nearer, I broke to hedgehog heaven, strained the off a small dead branch that was broken glass out of the stew with handy and tried to prod and whip him an old piece of window screening and back out on the smaller part of the crawled in on the balsam boughs branch again . . . but he just kept again. ’T wasn’t long ’fore we had cornin’. more trouble and by mornin’ we had “ The nearer he got the less I four of ’em laid out end to end be­ relished the idea of rubbing faces side the woodpile. with the thorny old cuss. It looked “ While I was polishin’ off the last more and more as though he was of the breakfast dishes that mornin’ goin’ to get in to that tree trunk in some of the boys went outside to work spite of all I could do. The more I up a little extra wood for the next thought about it the more it seemed evenin’. Pretty soon I heard sort of ’like ’t would be a good idea for me a commotion and went outside to see to get either above or below that spot what was goin’ on. One of the boys on the tree. Not wantin’ to have the had spotted another hedgehog . . . an critter drop down in my bare face almighty big one . . about fifty feet . . . I figured I’d better go up above up in a big hemlock tree just beyond him ’fore he got way in, so’s I could the spring. Some of ’em wanted to kick him off with my feet. shoot it down, but I argued ’em out of “ Well, that prickly old fool kept that. a-movin’ in so up I went. I give up “ ‘He ain’t a-botherin’ us, right now, tryin’ to stop him so’s he could have anyway,’ I said. ‘Just knock him plenty of leeway to get in and start down out of that tree and get him on his way down. Lookin’ back on it on his way so’s he won’t bother us now, I can see that’s where I made all night tonight.’ my big mistake. “ Guess I was a mite bothered ’bout “ ’Stead of startin’ down the tree killin’ so many of the poor harmless like any ordinary critter would, the critters the night before, ’n spite of old fool, when he reached the trunk, all the trouble we’d been drawed turned and started up the rough bark through. to where I was perched two branches above! This wasn’t a-tall ’cordin’ to “ To this day, I still don’t quite plans and honestly . . . I didn’t take know how it come about unless it was to it much . . . but it pleased them because I was the only one who hadn’t fellers down on the ground sure yet laced on high pacs for the day’s enough. huntin’. At any rate, after they’d “ That thorny old son-of-a-sow got fooled ’round a while, I went out to up to where my feet was in no time show ’em how to shake the critter to speak of an’ I begun to kick right down. Slippin’ off my low camp moc­ seriously. I don’t know if you ever casins that I’d been a-wearin’ ’round tried to unhook one of them cussed the kitchen, I shinned that hemlock animals from a tree when he’s well

22 THE PINE CONE an’ in his prime or not . . . but let me never been one to be short of ideas tell you, them fellers are the al- when my desprit is up . . . and of a mightyest dingers in these parts! sudden I see what must be done. “ I stamped in his face with con­ “ ‘Git away from the bottom of that siderable feelin’, but it didn’t seem to tree,’ I yelled to the boys . . . ‘we’re slow him down none. He just kept a-comin’ down!’ a-borin’ right up that trunk like he was possessed to get ’tween my legs “ ’T was plainer than the nose on . . . and that was most exactly where your face. I hadn’t been a-workin’ I didn’t want him. I scrambled up the right psycho-a-logical treatment another four or five feet and took an­ on that confounded hedgehog! He’d other stand, but ’twasn’t no use. I’d been a-comin’ at me from below and hardly craned my neck ’round to see behind . . . right along . . . and I’d how far below he was ’fore I felt a been a-movin’ away from him all the clawin’ ’round my feet again! time. He’d had me on the run . . . drivin’ me . . . and he knew it! What “T hem fellers down below was a- I had to do was to face him . . . and settin’ up a treemendous commotion face him down! Well . . . ’t wer’nt by this time, hollerin’ and rollin’ on easy, but quicker ’n a flash, I climbed the ground and a-holdin’ onto their up a mite, hooked my feet ’round the sides foolish like and a-callin’ out trunk where a branch came out and encouragin’ words . . . to that hedge­ hung, head down against the tree. hog! ’N fact, the more I think of it “ For a few seconds while the blood now, the more I believe that’s why rushed to my head, my eyes didn’t the critter didn’t dare start down in seem to work too well . . . and then the first place when I give him a they worked too well! There I was, good chance. Prob’ly I looked like face to face with that old porky-pine. the lesser of two evils to him . . . as He must have been ’bout two feet be­ they say . . . so he chose to come my low my face an’ he was pullin’ up way . . . but he didn’t look like no closer. He kept a-comin’ . . . and I kindred spirit to me! kept a-lookin’, steady like, right into “ Things didn’t get no better, and his little pig eyes. I kept a-losin’ ground and a-gettin’ “ ’Bout a foot from my face, he further away from it. By this time, slowed down a mite and then hitched we was up most seventy-five feet in up once more ’til our noses weren’t the air and I could see that ’twasn’t more’n six inches apart. Then he goin’ to be long ’fore I run out of stopped. Things was awful quiet. tree. The boys on the ground weren’t mak- “ ‘Shoot him!’ I yelled down to the in’ a sound. I could see that the boys, ‘Shoot the cussed fool . . . ’fore critter had begun to have a mighty this thing snaps off and we both break uneasy look in his eyes an’ I knew I’d our confounded necks.’ gained a bit of an edge on him. I “ I could see ’em begin to scurry sure was glad, tho’, that the business ’round down there. First this one end of him . . . that quill-slappin’ tail and then that one would try to take was on the downhill side of him . . . a sight on the critter. ’Bout then, away from my face. I commenced to holler again . . . even “ We stayed like that, eye to eye louder than the first time. like two fightin’ roosters, for most “ ‘Don’t shoot! Fer the love o’ five minutes . . . and then I figures it Moose River, don’t shoot! Unload was time! I let myself down a mite them guns!’ ’till my nose almost touched him, “ ’Twas plain as day that no one showed my teeth . . . and let out a could puncture that hedgehog from loud growl. ‘You thorny old sow,’ I that angle down there ’thout pokin’ a snarled, ‘I hope all your grandchil­ hole in me too! ’ Specially them dren have dull quills.’ He looked greenhorn sports I was a-guidin’. All kinda puzzled . . . and backed down this time, the critter and me kept MOST A FOOT! edgin’ up and more up. “ How them boys cheered . . . but “ Bout this time, it come to me that ’twas me they were yellin’ for now. I was in a real fix . . . callin’ for a I slid down a little more and gave kinda desprit action. Now, I ain’t him a reg’lar old bear roar that

AUTUMN, 1949 23 really started him and we come down when our little procession reached that tree pretty good after that . . . the ground . . . but I wouldn’t let ’em me upside down like a fool nuthatch touch the old fool critter! Somehow, that’s lookin’ for bugs . . . but a- I felt almost akin to the old cuss roarin’ and a-gnashin’ my teeth like after that fracas we’d just been Irv Hamilton’s old coon hound the through. At any rate, I figured that time he got his tail shut in the cider I wouldn’t have no more trouble with press! him as him and me would most likely “ Well, sir . . . them boys was ready see eye to eye on other matters from with guns and clubs and what not that time on!”

So You Think You Know M aine? Here are 25 more questions designed to test your knowl­ edge on the topography of Maine and on its nomenclature, its flora, fauna and its minerals. If you can answer ten, rank yourself “ fair”. Fifteen correct answers would be good and anything above that excellent. The correct an­ swers will be found on Page 37. 1— Name three York County towns 14— Which figure is correct for the beginning with “ L”. combined area of the Rangeley 2— Bingham in Somerset County has Lakes: 19.31 sq. m.? 37.53? the same name another township 41.12? 64.59? once born. What is the latter? 15— Where is Yankeetuladi Moun­ 3— What is the biggest island in tain? Moosehead Lake? 16— Woolastookwanguamook is the 4— Nine species of the birch family Indian name for? grow in Maine. The white or pa­ 17— What York County township once per birch, yellow birch and gray was bounded by the townships of birch are best known. Can you Washington, Ossipee, Little name one of the four others Falls, Swansfield, Phillipstown, whose names include the word and Hubbardstown? “birch?” 5— Which spelling is correct for a 18— What was Acadia? brook in Aroostook County: Thi- 19— Once there was a township called badeau, Thibideau, or Thibodeau? Lowtown. A petition asked to 6— What colors are used in the have the named changed to Flu­ names of Maine streams? vanna. Did Massachusetts grant 7— Peak (or Peaks) Island is one of the request? the better known islands in Casco 20— What constituted a city in the 'Bay. What other names has it 17th Century? had? 21— How many Maine cities have 8— Where is Seal Ledge? area in excess of 40,000 acres? 9— Machias is the county seat of Washington County. Has there 22— At least eleven Maine township ever been another? names have Biblical sources. Name three. 10— Does a State senator represent a county ? 23— How many Maine townships had 11— Speck Pond in Grafton township been settled by 1650: 11? 21? is 3,670 feet above sea level. Can 31? 41? any Maine pond be called higher? 24— Which of Maine’s 21 cities was 12— Do orchids grow wild in Maine? incorporated as a town on the 13— Which Kennebec County town Fourth of July? has the greatest area of lakes 25— What is meant by the term “ Mile and ponds? Tree” ?

24 THE PINE CONE Maine Summer Events, 1949

By W illiam A. Hatch PINE CONE Staff Photographer

HE 1949 SUMMER season in Maine will go down in the T records as highly successful on all counts. A widely-varied program of events, nearly perfect weather and an all-time total of visitors and attendance. Here are some of the outstanding events of the season.

AROOSTOOK COUNTY’S annual Potato Blossom Festival, held this year at Fort Fairfield, was a gala day of pageantry, with more than 5,000 visitors crowding into the town. They saw a mile-long parade of elaborately decorated floats depicting Maine’s Potato Empire and pro­ claimed Miss Caribou, the charming Mickey Connett, as Maine’s 1949 Potato Queen, with all due pomp and ceremony. GARDINER celebrated its 100th birthday with three days of parades and ceremonies (upper left) and Doc Grant, Rangeley restaurateur, sponsored another top-notch doll carriage parade for more than 100 youngsters from all sections of New England (upper right). Con­ nie Gingras of Augusta, (left) was chosen as Miss Maine at the Skow- hegan State Fair and represented the State at the Atlantic City na­ tional beauty pageant.

THE PINE CONE THE STATE OF MAINE Lobster Festival was held again this year at Rockland and saw a new record in the number of lobsters eaten during the three-day show.

BY PROCLAMATION of Gov. Frederick G. Payne, Maine Products Week was observed in August. Window displays all over the State featured Maine-made products of the fields, fisheries and factories. LEFT: Mayor Frank Babbitt and Larry Arber, Legion Post com­ mander, of Hallowell, inspect the first pot of beanhole beans from the twenty-foot baking pit, which featured Hallowell’s V-J Day celebra­ tion. The local committee plans to make this annual event the biggest beanhole bean deal in New England. Right: Sea and Shore Fisheries Commissioner Richard E. Reed pre­ sents the winning trophy to Harold Brown of New York at the State of Maine Tuna Tournament, held at Boothbay Harbor. Left to right, are Brown, Reed and Walter McDonought of Brielle, N. J., winner of the 1948 tournament.

THREE of the entrants in this year’s Monhegan Island Race get off to a slow start as they pass the committee boat off the Portland Yacht Club’s Falmouth Foreside float. LEFT: Craft and hobby shows were highlighted by the Maine Coast Craftsmen’s four-day show at the Boat Barn at Rockport. Right: International festivities at Calais and St. Stephens featured the dedication of St. Croix Island, the first French settlement in America, as a National Monument, on July 4.

CLIMAXING the summer events was the Maine Three-Quarter Cen­ tury Club’s outing at South Portland, sponsored by the Maine Pub­ licity Bureau. More than 800 oldsters danced, sang, knitted, enter­ tained, played checkers and horseshoes, all of which points up the fact that “ people live longer in Maine” . By E lizabeth A. Mason

TWTore visitors came to Maine this “ Helpful and hopeful.” Its editor year than ever before. Now we states the column is “ for common use who are natives hope as many will — a public servant, a purveyor of in­ join us in enjoying the colorful formation and suggestions, a medium Maine Autumn—to us the best sea­ for the interchange of ideas.” Re­ son of all. cently twenty-six of the friends made through this column gathered for a It is a time for wandering Maine side roads, stopping occasionally to reunion at the home of Mrs. Edward sample sweet cider, view apple har­ Reed in McKinley. Sounds to us as vesting, or perhaps gather nuts. Fall if Aunt Anne’s column is creating a picnics on rocky shores, or inland at lot of real joy in people’s lives. State Parks, arouse appetites for We read regularly, too, with de­ good Maine foods. Autumn is a time light, the dry wit of Les Merithew in to savor— as hunters roaming our the Belfast Republican Journal and woods and fields already know. the observations of the Black Cat in the Rockland Courier-Gazette. The Norway Advertiser-Democrat fairly Maine societies everywhere now resume their meetings. In June at brims with local color and humor in Princeton we were happy to meet its many columns— and this is men­ Mrs. Taylor, last year president of tioning only a few of the outstanding the large and lively St. Petersburg features of our Maine papers. Maine Club. More news of this club, please! Some day it would be fun to travel on every railroad in Maine. If we Last year New York, Providence don’t hurry, it looks as if they will be and Washington Societies were alert streamlined journeys indeed, the way in providing us with bulletins. May new Diesels are being used. August we hear from others, especially So­ saw the addition of a Diesel to the cieties on the Pacific Coast— and have Maine Central run from Rockland to we any societies in the Midwest? Portland. A busy engine, it is in use Heading Maine newspapers as avid­ nearly twenty-four hours of every ly as we do, unique features often at­ day— and as on other roads, despite tract us. One such is the 51-year-old its costly purchase price, it proves “ Mutual Benefit Column” edited by most economical to operate. While “ Aunt Anne” (Mrs. Harry M. we are discussing railroads, we’d like Woods) in the Ellsworth American. to congratulate the Belfast-Moose- A friendly, chatty column of letters, head Lake Railroad on their attrac­ news, even recipes, it has a motto: tive and informative little magazine.

30 THE PINE CONE A t an A ugust concert honoring tary, born at Pittston; Mrs. Lena Gov. Frederick G. Payne, at the New Ricker, treasurer, born at Wayne; and England Music Camp on Lake Messa- Mrs. Mable Veanovich, chaplain, born lonskee, announcement was made of at East Corinth. the establishment of a Governor Payne Sounds like a model club of Maine Scholarship. Funds collected at the folks who still love and are proud of concert form the nucleus for this and their home State. Dr. Paul Wiggin, camp director, will News of Maine natives away from be happy to receive additional con­ Maine continues to make headlines. tributions to increase the scholarship. This past year Mrs. Joseph H. Far­ The camp attracts boys and girls rington, wife of the publisher of the from many states. The more scholar­ Honolulu Star, and daughter of Wil­ ships available, the greater the op­ liam Farrington, Orono native and portunity for Maine boys and girls, as Maine editor, was elected president well as others, to study at this excel­ of the National Federation of Wo­ lent music camp. Governor Payne’s men’s Republican Clubs. Just an­ interest in the camp dates from a nounced is the appointment of Mar­ number of years back, when he as­ garet Joy Tibbetts of Bethel to the sisted in the reorganization of the London Embassy. Miss Tibbetts has camp, which permitted it to continue been in the State Department in to exist as an asset for the State of Washington for some time. Charles Maine. E. Hicks, Danville Junction native, and retired teacher, is now grand Mrs. Pearl A twood, our corre­ master of the Grand Lodge of the spondent in the State of Maine Club IOOF of California. in Brockton, Mass., tells us that the We get our news roundabout often. club was formed in 1935 as a social For example, last Fall we met Mrs. club of people born in Maine. It soon Allen, a teacher in the Brookton grade blossomed into an organization which schools— a former Fort Kent resi­ required a hall for its meeting place. dent. She thought we’d be interested Members were required to belong to in the unique career of Betty Leidy of Cousin Mary’s Page of the Brockton Fort Kent. We were, and Mrs. Allen Enterprise Times, as well as to be asked David Garceau, president of Maine-born. Mrs. Florence Olin and the First National Bank of Fort Kent Mrs. Alice Blood were among the for facts. Mr. Garceau wrote Betty, prime movers. who responded that she was a Link At their first meeting they adopted trainer instructor with Swissair at the name of “ Maine-ites” and had a Zurich. She received her training in banner of deep blue, with golden let­ the Waves. Following discharge she ters. The motto is: Hospitality, Equal­ spent two years training Eastern Air ity, Benevolence. The club song was navigation pilots for lines like Air composed by Mrs. Alice Blood, and her France, KLM, LAV and Sabana— a sister, Mrs. Eleanor Peacock. They very unusual career for a Maine girl, have a uniform grave marker for de­ we’d say! ceased members, now numbering six. Of interest to Maine people was the In recent years six wheel chairs and appointment this year of John S. books, cards, canes and crutches have Adams (Lincoln) as assistant man­ been donated to a veterans’ hospital. ager of the New England Milk Pro­ The club has a travelling wheel chair, ducers Association. From La Jolla, which is loaned without charge. There Calif., comes news of former Skowhe- is also a committee for the care of gan native, Charles C. Whittier’s shutins, whether members or not. achievements in the field of vitamin During the Maine fires of 1947, the research. Mr. Whittier produced a club contributed cash and clothing to Vitamin D product especially valu­ the fire victims, which were personally able in cure of rickets and arthritis. acknowledged by the Governor. Head of the Colorado State College Present officers are: Mrs. Geneva Forestry Department is a Madison Rossignol, president, born at Linneus; native, Prof. Walter J. Merrill. A Mrs. Alice Blood, vice president, born new Alaskan field study report is at Gardiner; Mrs. Ruth Dahl, secre­ authored by Dr. Richard J. Lougee,

AUTUMN, 1949 31 formerly of Waterville and Colby through the apple country of Western College. Dr. Lougee is now associate Maine, or a leisurely meandering professor of physiography at Clark along the coast to Popham, perhaps, University. or the Boothbay area, or follow A native of Fryeburg, Dr. Eloise Route 32 around the Medomak to Gerry, is chief of the Division of Waldoboro— the brilliance of colors Agriculture Relations at the Forest against the evergreen growth close to Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis. the sea will be breath-taking and un­ Dr. Gerry is author of the engaging forgettable. “ Pine Burr” stories for children, If you can manage the time to visit carrying messages on conservation. Aroostook and Washington Counties, Dr. Gerry has as a hobby the raising you will agree that never have you of barkless Basenji. seen such great expanse of color. While roaming through Maine, don’t Now will you who read this help forget the fairs, horse shows, and the to make future issues interesting by big fall show of the Vacationland sending us items about Maine natives’ Dog Club. Do write us your expe­ achievements away from Maine? riences in exploring Maine and tell Meanwhile, if Autumn wanderlust be­ us what you like to see in Around sets you, may we suggest a tour the Cracker Barrel.

A n amphibious fire fighting unit has been built at the Peacock Canning Company, Lubec, for waterfront fires. The mobile unit can be hoisted quickly to the deck of a sardine carrier boat or scow, and throw two powerful streams of water from the oceanside at any fire that may break out in the area.

“T he Biggest Bucks In Maine Club” has been formed by the Maine Development Commission as a companion to the fishermen’s “ One That Didn’t Get Away Club”. Bucks weighing 200 pounds or more, live weight, will be certified by game wardens and certificates of membership and shoulder patches for hunting coats will be issued to mem­ bers who bag such trophies. The idea is to encourage hunt­ ers to wait for the big bucks, instead of taking does and smaller deer. The club is open to both residents and non­ residents, except guides, camp owners and wardens.

32 THE PINE CONE Minstrelsy of Maine

Edited by Sheldon Christian

Editor of Poems A bout Ma in e : An Anthology, and T he W inged W ord: A Quarterly Devoted to the Poetic Arts.

P o e m s , to be eligible for consideration for this Department, should be about Maine or of particular interest to lovers of Maine. While at least minimum standards of craftsmanship will be required, selections will be made on the basis of reader interest, rather than critical perfection. Only previously un­ published poems should be submitted. All submissions should be sent directly to S heldon C h r is t ia n , Editor, Minstrelsy of Maine Department, 10 Mason Street, Brunswick. M aine; and should be accompanied by the usual stamped, self-addressed envelope for return of the material if not found available.

To A Maine Scholar Lonely Roads

(Dr. John Homer Huddilston) By M. Elizabeth Chalmers By Jessie W heeler Freeman 'J'he little roads, the lonely roads, q till young, you’ve lived four thou- The roads not paved or wide, ^ sand thrilling years. The roads where trees bend overhead Have shared their triumphs, walked Their secrets to confide. among their slain, Have listened to the voice that China Deserted roads, forgotten roads hears, Where grasses poke their heads Known Socrates—and country folks in Between the faded wagon tracks, Maine. And field mice make their beds; The common man envisions through Where once the barefoot boy in glee your eyes Squeezed warm dust through his toes: The glories of a past no longer dead; The marks have long since been erased You make a Grecian vase, magician- By rain, the wind, and snows. wise, Sometimes I leave the well-worn track Reveal old joy, or grief long com­ And wander for a while forted. Chinese, Hellenic, Yankee, Celt, they The little roads, the lonely roads, smite Their secrets to beguile. Each other in your mind to vital flame For I, who too am old and worn, That brings long, misty corridors to Can share their silent grief. light, Perhaps I’ll find a solace there, Forgotten paths down which our own From pain I’ll find relief. thoughts came. Together we’ll commune in peace, Upon your being fires of time have Our memories we’ll share, played And fused it into spirit— like your And as the purple twilight falls jade. Our hearts will meet in prayer.

AUTUMN, 1949 33 Lobstering in Maine Island Farm

By Sallie 0 . Griffin By Edwin D. Merry tdefore the morning mists have a h , lonely, lonely are the fields, rolled away, Where we once worked at haying; The “ putt-ing” of Clem’s motorboat is The pushing pines now make a line heard Where mowers’ backs were swaying. Across the landlocked waters of the bay, In rhythm sweet as music of a bird I stand upon the rounded knoll, To him, who goes to pull his lobster And stare away to southward; pots; There are no kine in fields once fine— Out past the Spring Point Light to No children running houseward. open sea, Then east to Cushing’s, where in dozen Ah, lonely, lonely are the clouds, lots That pile blue fold on layer; He spies his floats all bobbing airily, The sun is gone, and I’m forlorn To mark the spots, where down five In sweet fern and in brier. fathoms deep, And moored upon the cluttered ocean That heap of junk was once a barn, floor, This hole the house’s cellar; Gray lobster pots, their sea-green cap­ And here I think were roses pink— tives keep, Where now ’tis all one color: Until they are released through the lathed door; All solemn, solemn golden rod, Clem puts a peg in every lobster Portending cold September. thumb, Where have they gone: the lives here Determines length of shell from eye to born? tail. How well do they remember? Then one by one in barrels, till the sun Is scarlet on the water like a veil, Where waves, that wear white caps of Ah, mournful, mournful is the wind, lacy-foam. That sighs across this island; Will follow in the wake, returning I stand and stare, but find nowhere home. A sign that this was my land.

New-England Born Reminder

By Pearl LeBaron Libby By D. H udson d es id e the well-pruned hedge, x_tave you seen the pines and spruces Cleanly-limned against the sky? A rustic spine, Heard the roar and crash of breakers The'untrimmed branches of a pine; Rearing foamy heads on high? Survivor of a race Have you known the taste of brook Whose strength is gone, trout, Whose kingdom is a patch of lawn; Or the famed Atlantic cod? Smelled the lilacs and arbutus— Spring’s perfume she wafts abroad? A backwoods visitor, Who, ill-at-ease, Have you roamed a fragrant orchard, Now squirms before the city trees; Picked the apples one by one? Watched the sap ooze from the Forgotten royalty, maples— Whose sylvan pride You’re New-England born, my son! Is masked, but has not died.

34 THE PINE CONE Salt Spray Maine October

By Clara Sheldon Giroux By Betty Stahl Parsons

'T'here’s spray on our faces, there’s z”' herry-red and amber leaves, A salt in our hair, ^ Scarlet vines and golden trees, And the moan of the fog-horn is fill­ On every country lane you go ing the air— Is summer’s afterglow. The odor of fish on their way to the can Serves notice to sea gulls to gather the Burn the leaves now piled up high, clan, Let the smoke touch autumn’s sky. And screeching with glee they descend Breathe the fragrance, country-sweet, on the boats Of fallen leaves about your feet. Transforming them all into feather- trimmed floats. Largess The whistle serves notice there’s work to be done— By A lison T homson The hustle and bustle of packing’s be­ gun. TJ1GH tide returning sounds no warn- The white-caps are bobbin’, the scis­ ■n" ing bell, sors are glistenin’, Nor casts a shadow on the quiet pool, The boss man shouts orders but no­ body’s listenin’ ! Sea water spread across a hollowed And quickly and neatly in each shin­ rock ing tin Warmed by midsummer sun. Yet The fish are arranged to the last tiny when the cool, fin. Strong current ripples through the crevices, Small crabs run sidewise past ad­ At last, amid good natured jostling herent snails, around, The busses are loaded, the crew home­ Green as the filaments of soft sea ward bound moss. To finish the duties and chores of the Miniature minnows, trapped, with day— dark forked tails, Just a chapter from “ Life on Old Skim crusted oysters, crimped mouths Quoddy Bay.” set ajar, Sure there’s spray on our faces and And monstrous petals, ingesting, open salt in our hair, and close, And the fog-horn is blowing—but Caught in the shimmering veil of what do we care? drifting spume, Medusa,* golden as the full blown We know friendships so warm that rose. have grown through the years In the sharing of joys and the ming­ Now is each stirring hunger satisfied, ling of tears, Which waits upon the largess of the They form the foundation for all tide. kindred minds To forge and make stronger the ♦No t e : This large jellyfish was caught “ Blessed Tie That Binds.” in the pool when the tide went down. It was In the force of the gale and the sting perfectly repulsive when it turned its under of the spray side up, but it really was lovely as a flower when it floated right side up. Probably you There’s a challenge to man— we like it have seen such a jellyfish on the Maine that way. coast.

AUTUMN, 1949 35 Along The Kennebec Sundown Sailing

(From the train window) By Mary Lincoln Orr

By Mabel Gould Demers J^ONG rows of flaky clouds stem from the sunset TTp from the river thin and cold, To reach the high midheavens’ tur­ w White birches stand, naked and quoise sky, bold. And there two eagles wing as if sus­ The river turns, the ice is thin, pended : December ushers winter in. Inaudible as mist . . . their evening Gray birds like snowflakes trace the cry. sky, And there a black duck hurries by. One would not think on such a day Sailing before the wind on rainbow Winter is but a step away. waters, We drift around the lee of island shore Where fir trees needle up to red hori­ zons . . . Diffusing piney incense from their core. Finding a cove as black as smoothest The Whitest Things satin, Our fingers trail upon the limpid tide; By Florence K imball Where rocks submerge we see a clumsy lobster, And, just below, the silver fishes glide. O'he whitest things I know Are white-caps on the sea, And little sailing-boats, A whippoorwill pours out his subtle Scrubbed clean as they can be; trilling When shadow-curtains of the night draw near, Some pebbles oh the beach; And homeward bound we sail, as stars A country church at night; come filling And the gleam of a grey gull’s breast Our hearts with quiet benison and As he floats, still-poised, in flight. cheer.

Maine Central

By Colby Cleveland

t^ ot cities, but solitude Await the travel-weary, storm- tossed citizen In Maine.

Gray lonely rocks, Tall and hot up on the pastured hills, Approached, reveal a dark and shady side, A moss-grown tenderness.

Cool, dank, and quietly blue: No peace so utter lives This side of death.

36 THE PINE CONE Maine Quiz” Answers

Answers to the questions on Page 24 of this issue are listed below. They are from “The Length and Breadth of Maine,” privately published and sold at $5 by Stanley 'B. Attwood, city editor of the Lewiston Daily Sun, Lewiston, Maine. (Let us know how many you were able to answer— with­ out looking.— Ed.)

1— Lebanon, Limington, Limerick. 14— The acreage of the six lakes to­ 2— Mariaville in Hancock County. tals 64.59 square miles. 3— Sugar Island, 5,445 acres. 15— An 1,100 feet elevation in Town­ 4— They are European white birch, ship 18, Range 10, WELS. blue canoe birch, cherry birch, 16— Baker Lake in Township 17, and brown-barked white birch. Range 7, WELS. 5— It’s Thibadeau Brook in Eagle 17— Waterboro. Lake township, Thibideau Brook in Saint John and Saint Francis, 18— A grant by Henry IV of France and Thibodeau Brook in Mada- to Sieur de Monts. It originally included all the land between the waska and Grand Isle. 40th and 46th degrees of latitude, 6— Red, Lemon, Gray, Orange, bounded by the Atlantic on the Green, Blue, Black, White and east and with no western limita­ Brown. tion. 7— Michaels, Munjoys, Pond, Palmer. 19— No. They named it Guilford. 8— There are eight, in addition to six “ Seal Islands” , three “ Seal 20— Any incorporated town that was Ledges” , four “ Seal Rock” , and the seat of a bishop. four “ Seal Rocks” . 21— Only two: Ellsworth 59,635 acres 9— No. and Auburn 42,784 acres. 10— No. He represents a senatorial 22— Bethel, Canaan, Carthage, Cor­ district each of which, since the inth, Gilead, Hebron, Hiram, 1861 apportionment, has been Jerusalem, Lebanon, Rome, identical with one of the counties. Smyrna. 11— Yes: “ Higher Pond” in Pierce 23— 31 Townships as they are now Pond township, elevation 2,150 constituted. feet. 24— Portland, in 1786. 12— Yes, nearly 50 species or varie­ 25— A place reputed to be the north­ ties. west corner of Maine, Lat. 45-48- 13— Winthrop, 7,245 acres or about 00 North, according to William­ 11.3 square miles. son, the historian.

Seven big league ballplayers already have announced their intentions of coming to Maine for the hunting this Fall, including Joe Page of the Yankees, Hugh Casey and Johnny Vander Meer. Casey and Vander Meer were guests last Fall at Executive Councillor Harold W. Worthen’s LaGrange Camp (PINE CONE, Winter, 1948-49) and have spread the gospel of Maine hunting around the big leagues ever since. This year’s jaunt again is being ar­ ranged by the Maine Development Commission and the Guy Gannett Newspapers. Governor Payne and his Execu­ tive Council plan to spend a day hunting with the group. AUTUMN, 1949 37 By June L. Maxfteld

and bake in a moderate oven until tooth­ 'P'ootball . . . fairs . . . hikes . . . pick inserted comes out clean. holidays . . . all autumn activities generally bring a hungry horde into Fruit Cake your kitchen come mealtimes and be­ 2 c. butter lVt tsp. nutmeg tween. And then there’s Thanksgiving 2V& c. brown sugar Vt tsp. cloves — the climax of the season’s doings 5 eggs Vz c. coffee or milk and the biggest “eats-day” of ’em all. 6 c. flour Vz tsp. allspice 2 tsp. cream of tartar Vz tsp. mace Need some new ideas for feeding 1 tsp. soda Vi tsp. salt your gang? Want something different 1 lb. raisins Vz c. molasses for the holiday board? Maybe some of 1 V6 tsp. cinnamon 1 lb. currants these tried and true “oldies” from Cream the butter and gradually add the sugar, then the well-beaten eggs. Measure grandmother’s cookbook will come in and sift together all but Vi cupful o f the handy. We hope so! flour with the cream of tartar, soda, salt and spices. Add to the first mixture alter­ nately with the molasses and milk. Mix the Quick Cinnamon Rolls raisins and currants with the remaining V4 2 c. sifted flour 2 tsp. baking powder cup of flour and add to the cake mixture. Vt tsp. salt 4 tbsp. shortening Bake in loaf pans at 275° for 3 hours. 2/3 c. milk 3 tbsp. butter 1/3 c. sugar Vt tsp. cinnamon Hermits Vt c. currants, dried 1 c. shortening 3V6 c. flour Sift flour, measure, add baking powder 2 c. brown sugar 1 tsp. each of soda, and salt. Sift and cut in shortening; add 2 eggs salt, cinamon and milk gradually until a soft dough is formed. Vt c. cold coffee nutmeg Roll % " thick. Cream together the butter, 1 Vi c. seeded raisins sugar and cinnamon. Add currants and sprinkle mixture over dough. Roll and cut Cream the shortening and sugar; add in 1" slices. Dot pan with butter and sprin­ well-beaten eggs, coffee and ground raisins. kle with sugar. Heat slowly until sugar Add the dry ingredients which have been is dissolved. Place rolls in pan. Bake at sifted together. Bake in a 375° oven. 425° for 15 minutes, then at 350° for 15 minutes longer. Hancock County Doughnuts Applesauce Cake 1 tbsp. sour cream Flour 2/3 c. thick sour 1 egg Vt c. shortening 1 c. sugar milk 1 heaping c. sugar 1 egg 1 c. unsweetened 1/3 c. sweet milk 1 tsp. vanilla 1 tsp. cinnamon applesauce 1 rounding tsp. soda Salt Vt tsp. cloves V4 tsp. salt Pinch of ginger Vz tsp. nutmeg 2 c. flour 4 tsp. baking powder Vz c. raisins Mix together the first three ingredients, Vt ' chopped nuts and dissolve the soda in it. Add to the beaten egg. Add the sugar, salt and vanilla. Cream the shortening with the sugar and Sift in the ginger with enough flour to make add the egg beaten. Add the applesauce and a dough that can be handled. Knead slight­ the flour sifted, with the other dry ingred­ ly and roll Vz" thick. Cut and fry in deep ients. Add the raisins and nuts, stir well, fat.

38 THE PINE CONE Corn Chowder in a generously greased loaf pan and bake until set and browned. 2" square of salt 2 c. fresh corn (or 1 pork medium can whole 1 medium onion kernel corn) Baked Squash 3 potatoes 1 c. water 1*4 c. squash, Salt and pepper 1 qt. milk cooked 2 eggs, separated Fry the salt pork (cubed) with the onion Y2 c. cream or rich 1 tbsp. butter chopped. Dice the potatoes, add the water milk 1 tbsp. flour and cook until tender, adding the corn dur­ Cream together the butter and flour, add ing the last five minutes of cooking. Add the milk and cook slowly until thickened. the milk and heat. Season to taste and add Add to this the finely mashed squash and butter. the yolks of the eggs, well-beaten. Add salt and pepper to taste, and last fold in the Cranberry Duff stiffly beaten egg whites. Bake 45 minutes 1 Yt c. flour % c. sugar at 325°, placing the baking dish in a pan of Yt tsp. salt 2 eggs water, or until a knife inserted comes out l xk tsp. baking 2 tbsp. butter clean. powder Y2 c. milk 1 c. cranberries Molasses Candy Sift together the dry ingredients and add 3 c. molasses 6 tbsp. vinegar the milk and beaten eggs. Add the butter % c. sugar % tsp. baking soda melted and the cranberries which have been 2 tbsp. butter cut in half. Pour into a greased mold and steam for one hour. Serve with whipped Cook together the molasses, sugar and cream, ice cream, or sharp lemon sauce. vinegar until a bit of the mixture forms a hard ball when dropped into cold water. Remove from the heat and add butter and Lemon Sauce soda. Pour onto a platter and pull as soon 1% c. boiling water 1 tbsp. butter as it is cool enough. % c. sugar Pinch of salt 2 tbsp. flour lYi tbsp. lemon juice Scalloped Corned Beef and Cabbage Grated rind of M lemon Mix together the sugar, flour and salt and 2 c. cooked corned Y2 tsp. onion juice add the boiling water. Stir and cook until beef 1 tbsp. butter thickened. Add the butter, lemon juice and 2 c. chopped cooked 1 tbsp. flour grated rind. Serve hot. cabbage 1 c. tomato juice Chop corned beef and cabbage together Baked Indian Pudding and mix. Melt the butter and add the flour 1 qt. milk % c. sugar and tomato juice and stir, over heat, until 1 tsp. salt 2 tbsp. butter thickened. Add onion juice and a bit of Yz c. molasses % c. cornmeal pepper and mix with corned beef and cab­ bage. Bake covered for 15 minutes, then Scald the milk and stir in the cornmeal uncover and finish baking. until smooth. Add the other ingredients and put into a baking dish. Bake 4 hours in a slow oven. Yankee Slaw 3 eggs, beaten 2 tsp. sugar 1 tsp. salt IV2 tsp. dry mustard Apple Butterscotch Pie 1 tsp. celery seed 1 c. vinegar 6 apples 2 tsp. vinegar Beat eggs thoroughly and add the dry in­ 1 ^ c. dark brown 1 c. water gredients. Add to this the vinegar and pour sugar % c. flour over the cabbage which has been finely 3 tbsp. butter 1 tsp. vanilla shredded. Place over fire and cook until Pinch of salt dressing thickens. Serve either hot as a Mix together half of the sugar, the water vegetable or chilled as a salad. and vinegar and bring to a boil. Add the apples which have been sliced Yk” thick and Cream Salad Dressing simmer until they are tender. Remove the apples from the syrup. Mix remaining sugar 3 egg yolks 2 tsp. dry mustard with the flour and salt and slowly add to 2 tbsp. melted butter Cayenne and pepper the syrup and cook until it thickens. Re­ 1 tsp. salt 1 c. sweet cream or move from the heat and add butter and va­ Y2 c. vinegar rich milk nilla. Let cool while preparing pastry. 3 egg whites, stiffly beaten Place apples in pie shell and pour thickened Scald the milk and add the well beaten syrup over them. Let cool thoroughly and eggs mixed with the seasonings. Stir and serve. when it thickens add the vinegar. Beat thoroughly, and fold in the beaten egg Potato and Corn Loaf whites. Mix well. Keep in a cool place. 4 c. mashed potato 2 c. ground cooked 4 tbsp. butter corn Stuffed Smelts 1 tbsp. grated onion 2 eggs 12 good sized smelts 1 egg yolk Salt and pepper 12 oysters, chopped 1 c. coarse bread To the mashed potatoes add the butter, fine crumbs sale, pepper and onion, and beat thoroughly. 2 tbsp. butter % tsp. salt Add the corn (either fresh cooked or % tsp. lemon juice % tsp. pepper canned). Add the well beaten eggs. Place Cayenne

AUTUMN, 1949 39 Clean the smelts and wipe dry. Stuff two- turo come to a boil and and add flour and tliirds full of the stuffing made of the other turmeric. Add a little cold vinegar if mix­ ingredients. Roll in fine crumbs, then in ture is not moist enough. Cook about 15 egg, then in crumbs again and fry in deep minutes and seal immediately in sterilized fat. jars. Stuffing for Turkey or Fowl Heavenly Jam lV i c. coarse bread 1 tbsp. chopped crumbs parsley 3 lb. peaches 1 small jar 1 c. cooked Vi tsp. salt 3 lb. sugar Maraschino cherries chestnuts Vi tsp. pepper 2 oranges 1 lb. sausage 2 tsp. poultry season­ Peel and mash peaches to a pulp. Add 1 onion, sliced ing or sage sugar and mix thoroughly. Let stand over 1 stalk celery, cut 2 tbsp. sherry night. In the morning add the juice of 2 fine 1 egg, well beaten oranges and rind of one orange cut in thin Fry sausage and onion together until slices. Add cherries cut in small pieces. onion is brown. Combine bread crumbs, Cook slowly for about an hour. Pour into chestnuts, celery, parsley and seasonings, jars and let cool before sealing with paraffin. and mix with the sausage. Add the egg and sherry and mix thoroughly. If mixture is Five-Minute Cabbage not moist enough, add a little more sherry 1 pt. shredded 1 tbsp. flour or water. cabbage 1 c. milk Dumplings 1/3 c. thin cream 1 tbsp. butter Salt and pepper 3 c. bread or 1 egg, well beaten cracker crumbs Salt and pepper Cook the cabbage for five minutes in the 1 c. scalded milk Vi tsp. nutmeg milk. Add the cream, then flour and butter 2 tbsp. melted which have been creamed together. Add sea­ butter soning and cook rapidly for another five minutes. Add seasonings, egg and butter to milk and stir in the crumbs, using more or less Jagasee of the crumbs, so that the dough may be formed into small balls. Cook in gravy for 8 c. dry lima beans 1 c. celery, chopped about twelve minutes before serving. To be % lb. salt pork 1 green pepper, served with roast chicken or beef. 2 onions, sliced minced Vi c. catsup 3 c. rice Spiced Currants Soak beans overnight. In the morning, 5 lb. ripe currants 2 tbsp. cinnamon wash and cover with fresh water and cook 4 lb. sugar 3 tsp. allspice lV i hours. Brown the salt pork in a heavy 2 c. vinegar 3 tsp. cloves skillet, turning frequently so that entire piece will brown. Add onions and cook un­ Wash and stem the currants and cook til they are brown. Pour this mixture into with the sugar and vinegar over a low flame the beans and add the catsup, celery and for one hour. Add the spices and continue green pepper. Wash the rice in several wa­ cooking for 30 minutes more. Pour into ters and add to bean mixture. Place over a sterilized glasses and seal. low flame and let simmer for seven hours. Winter Relish Popovers 3 qt. chopped green 3 c. white vinegar tomatoes % c. white mustard 1 c. flour 2 eggs, well beaten 15 green peppers, seed 1 c. milk 1 tsp. melted butter chopped fine lVi c. celery, chopped Vi tsp. salt 6 red peppers, fine Sift flour and salt together and gradually chopped fine 1 Vi c. granulated stir in milk, mixing well. Add the well 12 onions, chopped sugar beaten eggs and melted butter and beat hard fine Vinegar with an egg beater for 2 minutes. Pour into 1 Vi c. salt 1 tbsp. mustard buttered custard cups or iron popover pans Combine the tomatoes, peppers, onion, salt that have been well greased and thoroughly and 3 cups of vinegar and let soak over­ heated. Start baking in a hot oven (500°) night. Drain. To this mixture add the mus­ until the popovers puff. Then reduce the tard seed, celery and sugar. Cover with heat to a moderate temperature (350°) and vinegar and cook about 5 minutes. Add the brown. Popovers require about thirty min­ mustard and immediately pour into steri­ utes to bake. lized jars. Seal while hot. Huckleberry Pancakes Corn Relish 2Vi c. flour 1 egg, well beaten 1 head cabbage, 12 ears of corn 2 c. sour milk 1 Vi tbsp. sugar chopped 1 large red pepper 1 tsp. soda 1 Vi tbsp. melted 4 large onions 1 tbsp. dry mustard Vi tsp. salt butter 1 Vi qt. vinegar 1 tbsp. celery seed 2 c. huckleberries 1 c. sugar 1 tsp. turmeric 1 tbsp. flour Sift the dry ingredients together. Com­ Salt bine the egg and milk and add slowly to the Sprinkle chopped cabbage with salt and dry ingredients, beating the mixture until let stand for one hour. Chop onion and pep­ smooth. Stir in the butter and then the ber­ per and add to cabbage. Boil corn and cut ries. Pour by spoonfuls onto a hot greased kernels from ears and combine with cabbage griddle and fry until light and brown on end peppers. Add dressing made of vinegar, both sides. Serve with powdered sugar and sugar, mustard and celery seed. Let mix- maple syrup.

40 THE PINE CONE Fruit Cookies Cream the butter and add sugar gradual­ ly, beating all the time. Add wine drop by 3 eggs Vz tsp. cinnamon drop and beat well. Pack in dish to harden. 1% c. sugar 1 c. walnuts, chopped Before serving, sprinkle top with nutmeg. 1 c. butter Vz c. raisins, chopped 1 tsp. baking soda Vz c. currants, 1% tbsp. hot water chopped Steamed Blueberry Pudding 3 Vi c. flour 1 c. flour 1 egg, well beaten Cream the butter and sugar, add the well Vz c. stale bread 1 Vz tsp. baking beaten eggs and soda which has been dis­ crumbs powder solved in the water. Sift the flour and cin­ Vz c. sugar Vz tsp. salt namon three times. Add half of the flour Vz c. butter 2/3 c. milk mixture to the butter, eggs and sugar. Use iy2 < blueberries the remaining half of the flour to mix with Combine the flour, salt and baking pow­ the chopped nuts and fruits. Blend all of der and sift together. Cut in the shorten­ the ingredients, mix thoroughly and drop by ing and add the bread crumbs and sugar. spoonfuls onto greased cookie sheets. Bake Mix in the blueberries and add the egg and in a moderate oven for about 15 minutes. milk. Pour into a closely covered mold and steam for two hours. Serve with hard sauce Sour Cream Raisin Pie or any sweet pudding sauce. Pie dough 1 c. thick sour cream Sebago Pudding 2 eggs Vi tsp. nutmeg Vz c. molasses 1 tsp. soda 1 c. sugar Pinch of salt 1 egg, well beaten 1 tbsp. hot water 1 c. raisins, chopped 1 tbsp. lemon juice 1 1/3 c. graham % c. seeded raisins Beat eggs, add sugar and beat until light. flour Vi tsp. nutmeg Whip the sour cream and fold into the egg Vz c. milk Vi tsp. allspice mixture. Add the raisins, salt, lemon juice Vz tsp. salt Vi tsp. cloves and nutmeg and mix thoroughly. Line a pie Sift the flour, salt and spices together. pan with pastry dough and pour in the mix­ Add the egg to the milk. Dissolve the soda ture. Cover with a top crust and bake in a in the hot water and combine with the mo­ moderate oven for thirty minutes. lasses. Mix both liquids with the dry in­ gredients and add the raisins. Mix thor­ Hot Water Sponge Cake oughly. Pour into a greased mold and steam for two hours. 4 eggs, separated x/z tsp. salt lVi c. sugar 2/3 c. boiling water Glazed Onions 2 c. pastry flour Juice and rind of 1 Medium sized 6 tbsp. melted 2Vi tsp. baking lemon onions butter powder 4 tsp. brown sugar 1 tsp. dry mustard Beat egg yolks until thick and lemon- Vz tsp. salt colored. Gradually add the sugar, beating Boil onions 15 or 20 minutes. Drain and constantly. Add the hot water and juice place in a shallow pan or baking dish. Com­ and grated rind of the lemon. Sift the flour, bine ingredients, pour over onions, and baking powder and salt, and add to the egg sprinkle with paprika. Bake in a medium mixture. Fold in stiffly beaten egg whites oven, basting occasionally, until tender. Will and pour into a greased pan. Bake in a make usual family serving of three to six moderate oven about 30 minutes. people. Thanksgiving Fruit Pudding String Beans with Onions 4 tbsp. butter 2 c. milk Vz c. suet, chopped Vz c. nut meats, Vz c. minced onion 2 lb. cooked string % c. figs, chopped broken 4 tbsp. flour beans or 2 cans of fine Vt tsp. salt string beans Vi c. dates, chopped z c. nour Pinch of pepper fine 2 tsp. baking powder 1 c. brown sugar 1 tsp. salt Melt butter in a double boiler, add onion Vz c. raisins Vz c. milk and cook until soft. Add flour, salt and Vz c. currants Vz tsp. nutmeg pepper and stir until smooth. Pour in the Vi c. finely chopped Vz tsp. cinnamon milk and stir constantly until thick. Cover citron and cook for about 10 minutes, add beans, Vi tsp. cloves heat well and serve immediately. Beat eggs, add sugar and cream together. Add suet and milk. Mix one-half of the flour with the fruits and nuts. Sift the bal­ June L. Maxfield, assistant in the ance of the flour with the spices, salt and baking powder and add to the egg mixture. advertising department of the Union Add fruit and mix well. Pour into well- Mutual Life Insurance Company of greased mold until mold is two-thirds full. Portland, contributes another in her Cover. Place mold in kettle filled with enough boiling water to half cover mold. series of old-time recipes. Her source Cover the pot tightly and steam for 3 hours. of material is the collection of Maine Add more water if necessary to keep up cooking lore which the Company has steam. Serve with hard sauce. compiled in its historical files, aug­ Hard Sauce mented by recipes sent to her by 1 c. sugar 1/3 c. butter readers. Vi c. cooking sherry Nutmeg

AUTUMN, 1949 41 FRONT COVER: (Photo Cned!it&: COVER: Ansco color slide by William A. Hatch

Process plates and all other cuts by Waterville Sentinel Engravers

Page 9: Huff Photo, from Waterville Sentinel.

Autumn color each Pages 17, 18 and 19: Jackson Labo­ year makes Maine ratory photos. one of the world’s Page 27 (top) and 28 (top right) beauty spots. This Wayne Buxton for Maine De­ scene in the King- velopment Commission. field region of the Carrabassett River Valley symbolizes BACK COVER: Oxford County har­ Maine’s autumn and vest scene, by Hatch. harvest glories.

(All other photos by Pine Cone Staff Photographer William A. Hatch)

If you are not already a regular subscriber to THE PINE CONE— and would like to receive future editions— here’s a handy subscription form for your convenience: (clip and mail) THE PINE CONE STATE OF MAINE PUBLICITY BUREAU 3 ST. JOHN STREET, PORTLAND 4, MAINE Please send me THE PINE CONE. I enclose $1.00 for one year’s subscription. N am e...... St. Address ...... City or T o w n ...... State ...... (Please make check or money order payable to State of Maine Publicity Bureau) dnft Subscriptions THE PINE CONE is an ideal gift at any time of year for a friend or relative who is far away from the pine-scented “ Maine Land.” An attractive PINE CONE gift subscription card notifies the reci­ pient of your interesting gift. You may attach here names of persons to whom you wish THE PINE CONE sent with your compliments. 42 THE PINE CONE Subscription Offer

The response to our offer of an enlarged photo reproduction of PINE CONE’S out­ standing view of Portland Head Light, made in the Summer issue, has been so successful that we have decided to repeat the offer in this issue and to hold it open until Dec. 31, 1949. The reproduction is made from a fine screen engraving, printed in pale sepia on coated pa­ per, suitable for framing. The picture itself measures 13% x 9 inches and the overall meas­ urements of the sheet somewhat larger. One of these prints of this symbolic Maine landmark will be sent free of charge with each one-year subscription (new or renewal) of the PINE CONE sent in by Dec. 31. Since both the PINE CONE and this picture make an ex­ cellent gift for people who know and love Maine, even though they may be “ away from home”, we modestly suggest the combination as the ideal “ gift” during the holiday season, or any other time. Simply use the handy subscription form on the opposite page. Maine Autumn

By Pearl LeBaron Libby

/~\pen your window, look forth and see ^ The scarlet flame of the maple tree, The gold of birches on yonder hill, The silvery pond lying drowsy, still.

Open your door, bring the harvest in, And fill each waiting barrel and bin With the golden store of fruit and grain, Nourished by earth, by sun and rain.

Open your heart to October’s cheer, Give thanks for this wonder-time of year, For the yield conceived in humble sod, For the gifts that Autumn brings from God!