Scottish Water Solutions:

Loch Ewe Sewer Renewal

Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

15th October 2007

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Document control sheet

Client: Scottish Water Solutions Project: Loch Ewe Sewer Renewal Job No: B0570000 Title: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Report No:

Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by ORIGINAL NAME NAME NAME

Claire Shaw Alastair Rees Pete Fasham DATE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

15/10/07

REVISION NAME NAME NAME

DATE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

REVISION NAME NAME NAME

DATE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

REVISION NAME NAME NAME

DATE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

This report, and information or advice which it contains, is provided by Jacobs Limited solely for internal use and reliance by its Client in performance of Jacobs Limited’s duties and liabilities under its contract with the Client. Any advice, opinions, or recommendations within this report should be read and relied upon only in the context of the report as a whole. The advice and opinions in this report are based upon the information made available to Jacobs Limited at the date of this report and on current standards, codes, technology and construction practices as at the date of this report. Following final delivery of this report to the Client, Jacobs Limited will have no further obligations or duty to advise the Client on any matters, including development affecting the information or advice provided in this report. This report has been prepared by Jacobs Limited in their professional capacity as Consulting Engineers. The contents of the report do not, in any way, purport to include any manner of legal advice or opinion. This report is prepared in accordance with the terms and conditions of Jacobs Limited‘s contract with the Client. Regard should be had to those terms and conditions when considering and/or placing any reliance on this report. Should the Client wish to release this report to a Third Party for that party's reliance, Jacobs Limited may, at its discretion, agree to such release provided that: (a) Jacobs Limited's written agreement is obtained prior to such release, and (b) By release of the report to the Third Party, that Third Party does not acquire any rights, contractual or otherwise, whatsoever against Jacobs Limited, and Jacobs Limited accordingly assume no duties, liabilities or obligations to that Third Party, and (c) Jacobs Limited accepts no responsibility for any loss or damage incurred by the Client or for any conflict of Jacobs Limited's interests arising out of the Client's release of this report to the Third Party.

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Contents

1 Introduction Error! Bookmark not defined.1-1 1.1 General Error! Bookmark not defined.1-1 1.2 Terms of reference 1-1

2 Planning and legislative Background 1-2 2.1 Main Legislation 1-2 2.2 Scheduled Ancient Monuments 1-2 2.3 Listed Buildings 1-3 2.4 Other archaeological sites and monuments 1-3 2.5 Planning Considerations 1-4

3 Methodology 1-4 3.1 General 1-4 3.2 Aims and Objectives 1-4 3.3 Desk Based Study 1-4 3.4 Walkover Survey 1-5 3.5 Assessment of Cultural Heritage Importance 1-5 3.6 Assessment of Potential Impacts 1-6 3.7 Predicted Impacts (Direct) 1-6

4 Archaeological and Historic background 1-7 4.1 General 1-7 4.2 Prehistoric Period (10,000BC – AD 43) 1-8 4.3 The Early Historic Period 1-8 4.4 The Medieval Period (AD 410 – 1700) 1-9 4.5 Post Medieval (Ad 1700 – 1900) 1-9 4.6 20th Century 1-9 4.7 Previous Work 1-9

5 Results 1-9 5.1 Sites within the study area. 1-9

6 Assessment of Importance and Sensitivity 1-10 6.1 General 1-10 6.2 Sites within the Proposed Development Area. 1-11 6.3 Mitigation and Enhancement 1-13

7 Summary and Conclusions 1-13 7.1 General 1-13 7.2 Discussion and recommendations 1-13 7.3 Acknowledgements 1-14

Appendices Appendix A - Cartographic References 1-15 Appendic B - Vertical Aerial Photographs 1-15

Appendix C - Bibliographic References 1-15 Appendix D - Gazetter 1-16

Figure 1 - Cultural Heritage sites within development area 1-29

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Tables Table 1 – Cultural Heritage Importance 1-5 Table 2 – Magnitude of Direct Impacts on Cultural Heritage 1-7 Table 3 – Significance of Direct Impacts of Cultural Heritage 1-7 Table 4 – Summary of identified sites of Cultural Heritage interest 1-10 Table 5 – Assessment of impact on identified sites of cultural heritage 1-12

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1 Introduction

1.1 General

1.1.1 Jacobs has been commissioned by Scottish Water Solutions to carry out a desk-based assessment of the Cultural Heritage resource that may potentially be affected by the replacement and upgrade of the sewer system running from Mellon Charles to Drumchork in Wester Ross (NGR: NG 840 926 to NG 874 885).

1.1.2 The assessment found a total of forty-five sites of archaeological and historical interest along the proposed routes of the pipe line, mainly of Post Medieval, military and modern date. The archaeological remains noted within the wider landscape and within the study corridor were all of Local, or Less than local importance.

1.1.3 The risk to the archaeological heritage posed by the proposed construction of the sewer mains replacement includes the destruction of unknown archaeological remains which may survive below ground. These are undetectable until they are unearthed in the process of excavating the trenches for the sewers.

1.1.4 The sewer renewal is generally routed along existing roads. This tends to indicate that most of the route will have been previously disturbed by utilities insertion.

1.1.5 Jacobs conforms to the standards of professional conduct outlined in the Institute of Field Archaeologists Code of conduct, and relevant Standards and Guidance documents. Jacobs is a Registered Archaeological Organisation (RAO) with the Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA). This status ensures that there is regular monitoring and approval by external peers of our internal systems, standards and skills development.

1.2 Terms of reference

1.2.1 This Desk Based Assessment considers the affects of the proposed development on the entire historic environment including archaeological sites and monuments, historic buildings and their environs, historic gardens and landscapes.

1.2.2 For the purposes of this study, all readily available sources of information held by the relevant heritage bodies, were consulted, as well as secondary documentary sources, some manuscript sources, historic maps and aerial photographs. Data on the historic environment was acquired from the following sources:

· Historic Scotland for Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Designed Landscapes, Parks and Gardens and Historic Battlefields; · Highland Council Archaeology Unit for archaeological sites and monuments and early maps; · Sites and Monuments Records (SMR); · National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS);

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· Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS); · Vertical and Oblique Aerial Photographs held by the RCHAMS; · Early Maps held in the National Map Library of Scotland.

1.2.3 The historic environment is protected by a number of statutory and non- statutory designations which include the following:

· Scheduled Ancient Monuments; · Identified archaeological sites; · Conservation Areas; · Listed historic buildings and structures; · Locally listed historic buildings and structures; · Historic Gardens; · Designed Landscapes.

2 Planning and Legislative Background

2.1 Main Legislation

2.1.1 This Desk Based Assessment has been carried out within the framework of the following legislation and planning policy:

· Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (hereafter 1979 act); · Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 (1997 Act); · National Planning Policy Guideline 5, Archaeology and Planning (NPPG 5); · Planning Policy Guideline 18, Planning and the Historic Environment (NPPG 18); · Planning Advice Note 42, Archaeology (PAN 42); · Wester Ross Local Plan, 2006.

2.2 Scheduled Ancient Monuments

2.2.1 There are no scheduled ancient monuments within the boundary of the study area; however the following information is of relevance to the developer. A new development must not impact upon the area or setting of a Scheduled Ancient Monument without the prior formal consent of Historic Scotland. This principle is described in National Planning Policy Guidelines:

2.2.2 “Scheduled ancient monuments are of national importance and it is particularly important that they are preserved in situ and within an appropriate setting. Developments, which would have an adverse effect on scheduled monuments or the integrity of their settings, should not be permitted unless there are exceptional circumstances. Scheduled monument consent is required from the Scottish Ministers through Historic Scotland for any development affecting a scheduled ancient monument, and notification to Historic Scotland of any planning application affecting the site of such a monument is required under article 15 (1) of the Town and Country Planning (General Development Procedure) (Scotland) Order 1992”.

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(NPPG5 April 1999, Section 17)

2.2.3 Under the 1979 Act the Scottish Ministers are required to compile and maintain a Schedule of monuments considered to be of national importance. The statutory consent of the Scottish Ministers is required before any works are carried out which would have the effect of demolishing, destroying, damaging, removing, repairing, altering, adding to, flooding or covering up a Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM).

2.2.4 A formal process of application to conduct such works known as Scheduled Monument Consent (SMC) is administered on behalf of the Scottish Ministers by Historic Scotland. Effects of proposed development works upon the setting of a SAM form an important consideration in the granting or refusal of consent to conduct development works. Further information on development control procedures relating to SAMS is provided in NPPG 5 and PAN 42.

2.2.5 There are currently approximately 7500 Scheduled Monuments in Scotland, with over 200 of these are located in the surrounding area. In addition, it is estimated that there may be more than twice this number of sites which meet the necessary requirements for designation.

2.3 Listed Buildings

2.3.1 Under the 1997 Act, the Scottish Ministers are required to compile a list of buildings of special architectural or historic interest. These buildings are classified into Categories A, B and C (S), in decreasing order of importance. This statutory protection covers not only the building itself, but also other features within its curtilage (e.g. stables and garden walls).

2.3.2 There is a presumption against development that will adversely affect the character of a listed building or its setting, and planning authorities are required to have a special regard for the desirability of preserving listed buildings and their settings. Further policy information on listed buildings is published in NPPG 18. Additional guidance is published in the Memorandum of Guidance on Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas 1998 (hereafter ‘memorandum’; Historic Scotland 1998).

2.4 Other archaeological sites and monuments

2.4.1 Archaeological sites and monuments without statutory protection are curated by the local planning authority. NPPG 5 and PAN 42 provide national planning policy guidance and advice on the treatment of this resource. PAN 42 indicates that the principle that should underlie all planning decision- making is preservation of cultural resources, in situ where possible, and by record if destruction cannot be avoided. It is recognized in that document that preservation may not always be possible, and where damage is unavoidable various mitigation measures may be proposed.

2.5 Planning Considerations

2.5.1 Highland Council Archaeology Unit (HCAU) are the archaeological advisor to

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the local planning authority and has been consulted by Jacobs on archaeological matters pertaining to the proposed development proposals and the development of the mitigation strategy.

3 Methodology

3.1 General

3.1.1 This desk-based assessment has been designed to identify and assess the archaeological sites and monuments present on, or close to, the development area in order to assess the likely impact of the proposed development and to propose mitigation measures.

3.1.2 In undertaking this desk-based assessment, data was sought for all sites, monuments and buildings with potential Cultural Heritage interest of statutory designation within a 500m corridor from the proposed pipeline route. Data was also obtained for all sites, monuments and buildings of non-statutory designation for sites within 1km corridor from the proposed pipeline route. Each archaeological or historical site, monument or building referred to in the text is listed in the gazetteer in Appendix 1. Site numbers allocated to sites and monuments and mentioned within the text will be in bold and parentheses.

3.1.3 Each archaeological or historical site, monument or building referred to in the text is plotted on the location maps (Figure 1) at the end of this report, using the assigned site numbers.

3.2 Aims and Objectives

3.2.1 The main objective of this study is to identify the archaeological resource of the study area. The evidence presented, and the conclusions reached, aim to offer a comprehensive basis for further decisions regarding the future of the sites and for the formulation of a mitigation strategy, should this be required.

3.3 Desk Based Study

3.3.1 Data gathering and assessment was undertaken in accordance with the Institute of Field Archaeologists Standard and Guidance on Archaeological Desk-Based Assessments (1999). Other policy documents taken into account included the Scottish Office documents NPPG 5, NPPG 18 and PAN 42.

3.3.2 Information on sites both with and without statutory designation that lie within 1km of the Proposed Development Area was sought from the following sources:

· Historic Scotland; · National Monuments Record of Scotland; · National Library of Scotland (including map library); · Published archaeological and historic literature.

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3.4 Walk over Survey

3.4.1 A site walkover was not requested by Highland Council Archaeology as the majority of the proposed trenching is restricted within the bounds of the road and falls within existing utility trenches.

3.5 Assessment of Cultural Heritage Importance

3.5.1 Sites were assigned a level of importance on a scale of ‘Less than Local’ to ‘International’, as shown in Table 1. This was established on the basis of statutory designation and/or assessed cultural heritage importance.

Table 1: Cultural Heritage Importance

Im portance Site Type In ternational World Heritage Site Na tional Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs)

Category A Listed Buildings

Designed Landscapes

Some undesignated sites assessed as being of National importance using the methodology given in paragraph 3 Re gional Category B Listed Buildings

Conservation Areas

Some undesignated sites assessed as being of Regional importance using the methodology given in paragraph 3 Lo cal Category C(s) Listed Buildings

Some undesignated sites assessed as being of Local importance using the methodology given in paragraph 3

L ess than Sites either already badly destroyed or whose historic value is too Local slight for inclusion in a higher class.

3.5.2 World Heritage Sites are afforded international protection under the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, with Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) nationally protected under the ‘Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979’. The ‘Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997’ provides for the designation of Category A, B and C(s) Listed Buildings which are considered to be of national, regional and local importance respectively.

3.5.3 Conservation Areas are assessed as being of regional importance and following discussion with Historic Scotland on previous projects; Designated Landscapes area assessed as being of national importance.

3.5.4 Many sites of cultural heritage importance are not currently afforded any statutory protection through designation. For the purposes of assessment, these undesignated sites were assigned a level of importance using

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professional judgement supported by review of the following guidance:

· Criteria used in Scottish Historic Environment Policy 2 for the designation of SAMs; and · Non-statutory criteria used in their designation of Listed Building categories (Memorandum of Guidance on Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas, Historic Scotland 1998).

3.6 Assessment of potential impacts

3.6.1 Direct impacts from the proposed development include potential damage to any unknown archaeological features that may be present along the mains pipeline corridor. The main possible impacts from construction works are considered to be as follows:

· direct loss of site, or damage to part of the site; · indirect damage through burial, compression, alteration of drainage, vibration or subsidence; · severance of linked features.

3.6.2 Normally, for each site, structure or area, the potential negative impact would be determined as follows:

· Slight: sites affected by proposed development, but where the impact on the site or setting is minimal; · Moderate: sites which would be affected by the proposed scheme but where loss or impact on the setting would be partial (including severance); · Severe: sites where the majority of the site will be affected, but not completely lost, or where the setting is considerably altered; or · Very Severe: sites where the proposed scheme would result in total loss of a site.

3.6.3 Where sites or monuments identified are directly or indirectly affected by the proposed development, a suitable mitigation has been proposed.

3.7 Predicted Impacts (direct)

3.7.1 The significance of predicted direct impacts (i.e. physical disturbance) was determined taking into account the importance of the archaeological resource affected (Table 1), and the magnitude of the impact.

3.7.2 Magnitude The criteria used to outline the magnitude of impact are outlined in Table 2 below:

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Table 2: Magnitude of Direct Impacts on Cultural Heritage

Magnitude Criteria Very Severe Disturbance to over 75% of the known or estimated area of the site

Severe Disturbance to between 50% and 75% of the

known or estimated area of the site Medium Disturbance to between 25% and 50% of the known or estimated area of the site Negligible Disturbance of up to 25% of the known or estimated area of the site

3.7.3 Significance The significance of direct impacts was then determined in accordance with matrix of importance and magnitude, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Significance of Direct Impacts on Cultural Heritage

Magnitude of Impact Very Severe Severe Medium Negligible Importance National Substantial Substantial Moderate Slight Regional Substantial Moderate Slight Negligible Local Moderate Slight Slight Negligible

3.7.4 Assessment of impact significance of the potential impact was then adjusted as appropriate to take into account the relative importance of the specific parts of the site that would be affected. For instance, an impact which is of ‘very severe’ magnitude in terms of the area of the site affected may nevertheless only affect peripheral features, while a ‘medium’ magnitude impact may affect the core of a site. Other qualitative factors taken into account include potential severance of linked features, nature of the severed linkage, the amount of stratigraphy which would be disrupted and the overall effect on the historic integrity of the site.

4 Archaeological and Historical Background

4.1 General

4.1.1 The earliest Monuments in Scotland comprise very slight traces of temporary settlements left behind by hunters and gatherers, while some of the most recent comprise the remains of recently deserted farmhouses or WWII defensive structures.

4.1.2 The four main categories of archaeological remains that may be encountered are:

· upstanding remains: built structures such as buildings, field boundaries, and features such as standing stones and stone circles; · earthworks: soil-covered remains that can be seen as surface undulations at ground level. These can include ruined buildings or their foundations,

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banks, mounds, ramparts, ditches, gullies and hollows; · buried features: soil-covered remains which have no visible trace at ground level (possibly revealed by aerial photography); and · artefact scatters: scatters of potsherds, flint, tools, metal objects, animal bones, worked stone, mortar or human remains.

4.1.3 Palaeoenvironmental evidence may also be found in association with archaeological remains. Specialised analysis of palaeoenvironmental data can provide useful dating evidence and an indication of past land-use.

4.2 The prehistoric periods (10,000BC – AD 43)

4.2.1 Human occupation of Scotland began with the arrival of Mesolithic hunter- gatherer groups around 7,000 BC. Mesolithic occupation of the Highlands is indicated by the presence of shell middens and flint scatters along coastlines and rivers. Although no direct evidence for Mesolithic activity has been discovered in the area around Loch Ewe, a recent excavation at Sand on the Wester Ross coast saw the discovery of a rock shelter and associated midden site.

4.2.2 With the introduction of agriculture in the Neolithic period, around 3500 BC, communities became more settled and land was cleared for farming. Peat accumulation on the Western Isles has obscured most Neolithic settlement sites, so the majority of evidence for the Neolithic occupation of the islands comes from ritual monuments and communal burial mounds. Stone circles and standing stones began to be erected by about 2500 BC, towards the end of the Neolithic period, possibly for ritual activities associated with the lunar, stellar and solar cycles.

4.2.3 The archaeological landscape of the subsequent Bronze Age (c. 2,000 BC to 700 BC) continues to be dominated by ritual and burial monuments. The period is characterised by a change from communal to individual burial, often with grave goods, including new styles of pottery and bronze artefacts. This site revealed the remains of a preserved field systems in the form of distinctive rig and furrow and the remains of stone field walls. However, it is likely that the majority of this cultivation is of post-improvement period.

4.3 The Early Historic Period

4.3.1 Like many areas of Scotland, the Western Coasts were subject to settlement by Norse invaders/settlers from the late 8th century onwards. The Vikings arrived from Norway by way of Shetland and Orkney, and they soon began to settle many coastal areas. Caithness, the coastal areas of Sutherland and Wester Ross, and the Hebrides all came under Norse control and is primarily evident though toponymy (place-name evidence) which maintain a distinct combination of Scandinavian and Celtic origin. Place names such as Thorsdale, named after the Norse god of thunder, Thor. To the south west of Loch Ewe, Gairloch was a Norse settlement, which was frequently visited by passing Viking ships who sought shelter in the loch from the stormy seas.

4.3.2 In the 9th century Norsemen raided this area taking it completely under Norse rule as it was formally handed over to Magnus III of Norway. Norse rule continued until 1266, when the kingdom was ceded to Alexander III of Scotland after King Haakon was defeated at the Battle of Largs in 1263.

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4.4 The Medieval Period (AD410 – 1700)

4.4.1 The Medieval period in the Wester Ross was a time of social and economic change. After the demise of Norse rule the following centuries witnessed various attempts by the kings of Scotland to establish power over the highlands, the Earldom of Orkney and the Lordship of the Isles in the west. In an attempt to undermine the political status, chief was set against chief, encouraging the growth and establishment of the clan system. This is most evident through the construction of castles which even today dominate Scotland’s cultural heritage. Towns such as Inverness were established as strategic centres of trade and royal power.

4.5 The Post Medieval Period (AD1700 – 1900)

4.5.1 The 18th and 19th centuries marked a period of agricultural improvement over land throughout Scotland. Landowners found the traditional crofting economy to be unprofitable, and there was a growing tendency towards ‘improvement’ of agriculture. This took various forms, including the establishment of larger farms and the spread of sheep farming. In areas such as the Western Isles, farmers were pushed towards the less fertile coastal areas.

4.5.2 As is the case throughout many areas in Scotland, cultivation earthworks (’rig and furrow’ and lazy-beds) are visible in many areas not considered suitable for arable farming today; such cultivation of poor land is a feature of subsistence farming and overpopulation.

4.6 The 20th Century

4.6.1 The mid 19th century saw the growth of a romantic Highland image encourage by the likes of Sir Walter Scott. After the Napoleonic War, there was a rapid decline in the price of sheep and the combination of these factors encouraged the development of Victorian shooting and fishing estates throughout the highlands. Few of these large estates survive today as many succumbed to new forms of land management.

4.7 Previous Work

4.7.1 No walk over surveys or desk based assessments have been carried out in the study corridor.

5 Results

5.1 Sites within the study area

5.1.1 A total of forty-five sites were identified within the vicinity of the proposed development area by the desk-based assessment Information on this is presented in Appendix A and illustrated in Figure 1.

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5.1.2 An assessment of importance following the methodology described in Section 3, above was assigned to each site in order to assess the archaeological significance of the known sites, that may be affected by the proposed development and all sites are shown on Figure 1. Detailed site descriptions are provided in Appendix A.

5.1.3 All forty-five sites found within the study corridor are non-designated sites.

5.1.4 Aerial photographs studied for the Loch Ewe area show that upstanding earthworks are present within 500m of the development area. These features include trackways, rig and furrow cultivation and rectilinear features.

6 Assessment of Importance and Sensitivity

6.1 General

6.1.1 An assessment of the potential impact upon each site has been undertaken using the assessment matrix outlined in Chapter 3.

Table 4: Summary of Identified sites of Cultural Heritage Interest

Site No Name/Short Description Statutory Importance Designation Site 1 Leacan Donna None Local Site 2 Leacan Donna Port War Signal Station None Local Site 3 Geodhachan Bana, military None Local Site 4 Mellon Charles, township None Local Site 5 Mellon Charles, Royal Navy Depot And Pier None Local Site 6 An Fhaiche, graveyard None Local Site 7 Mellon Charles, Military Camp / Rubh A' None Local Choin Site 8 Mellon Charles; Rubha A' Choin; Loch Ewe None Local Defences Site 9 Mellon Charles, cottages None Local Site 10 Eilean Rubh A' Choin, bridge None Local Site 11 Limekiln None Less than Local Site 12 Ormiston, limekiln None Less than local Site 13 Ormiscaig None Local Site 14 Ormiscaig, Fishery None Local Site 15 Bualnaluib, Jetty None Local Site 16 Bualnaluib township None Local Site 17 Culconich, township None Local Site 18 Maoil Na Uillt-Bheithe, shieling None Local Site 19 Tighnafiline None Local Site 20 Aultbea, Aird Battery; Aird Point; Loch Ewe None Local Defences Site 21 Aird, House (demolished) None Less than Local Site 22 Aultbea, Cinema None Local Site 23 Aultbea Free Church None Local Site 24 Aultbea Free Church, Manse Local Site 25 Aultbea, graveyard None Local 10

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Site 26 Fish trap None Less than Local Site 27 Aultbea, Aird Point, military None Local Site 28 Limekiln None Less than local Site 29 Aultbea, Aird Point, Pier None Local Site 30 Aultbea / Triumph: Aultbea, Loch Ewe None Local Site 31 Aultbea, village None Local Site 32 Aultbea, Smithy None Less than local Site 33 Aultbea, clapper bridge/Allt Beithe None Local Site 34 Aultbea None Local Site 35 Aultbea, Aultbea Hotel/Aultbea Officer's None Local Quarters Site 36 Aultbea, Jetty None Local Site 37 Limekiln None Less than local Site 38 Aultbea Church None Local Site 39 War Memorial None Local Site 40 Aultbea, building None Local Site 41 Drumchork None Local Site 42 Drumchork Farm None Local Site 43 Drumchork Lodge Hotel None Local Site 44 Drumchork, military None Local Site 45 Drumchork, structure None Local

6.2 Sites within the Proposed Development Area

6.2.1 No Scheduled Ancient Monuments or Listed Buildings are directly affected by the development.

6.2.2 Forty-five non-designated sites lie within the 500m corridor of the development area. Due to the proximity of these sites to the development area and information from aerial photography, it is highly likely that undiscovered buried archaeological remains may be present within the footprint of the proposed development area. These remains have the potential to be of National, Regional and Local importance and so therefore development without mitigation has at worst the potential to cause a very severe impact of substantial significance.

6.2.3 All sites were assessed for adverse indirect impacts on their setting caused by the proposed development. A summary of this is shown in Table 7 and a detailed description of the impact on the sites is set out below.

Table 5: Assessment of Impact on identified sites of Cultural Heritage interest

Site No Name/Short Description Sensitivity Impact on Setting Site 1 Leacan Donna Low Negligible

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Site 2 Leacan Donna Port War Signal Station Low Negligible Site 3 Geodhachan Bana, military Low Negligible Site 4 Mellon Charles, township Low Negligible Site 5 Mellon Charles, Royal Navy Depot And Pier Low Negligible Site 6 An Fhaiche, graveyard Low Negligible Site 7 Mellon Charles, Military Camp / Rubh A' Choin Low Negligible Site 8 Mellon Charles; Rubha A' Choin; Loch Ewe Low Negligible Defences Site 9 Mellon Charles, cottages Low Negligible Site 10 Eilean Rubh A' Choin, bridge Low Negligible Site 11 Limekiln Not Negligible Sensitive Site 12 Ormiston, limekiln Not Negligible Sensitive Site 13 Ormiscaig Low Negligible Site 14 Ormiscaig, Fishery Low Negligible Site 15 Bualnaluib, Jetty Low Slight Site 16 Bualnaluib township Low Slight Site 17 Culconich, township Low Slight Site 18 Maoil Na Uillt-Bheithe, shieling Low Negligible Site 19 Tighnafiline Low Negligible Site 20 Aultbea, Aird Battery; Aird Point; Loch Ewe Low Negligible Defences Site 21 Aird, House (demolished) Not Negligible Sensitive Site 22 Aultbea, Cinema Low Negligible Site 23 Aultbea Free Church Low Negligible Site 24 Aultbea Free Church, Manse Low Negligible Site 25 Aultbea, graveyard Low Negligible Site 26 Fish trap Not Negligible Sensitive Site 27 Aultbea, Aird Point, military Low Negligible Site 28 Limekiln Not Negligible Sensitive Site 29 Aultbea, Aird Point, Pier Low Negligible Site 30 Aultbea / Triumph: Aultbea, Loch Ewe Low Negligible Site 31 Aultbea, village Low Slight Site 32 Aultbea, Smithy Not Slight Sensitive Site 33 Aultbea, clapper bridge/Allt Beithe Low Slight Site 34 Aultbea Low Negligible Site 35 Aultbea, Aultbea Hotel/Aultbea Officer's Low Negligible Quarters Site 36 Aultbea, Jetty Low Negligible Site 37 Limekiln Not Slight Sensitive Site 38 Aultbea Church Low Negligible Site 39 War Memorial Low Negligible Site 40 Aultbea, building Low Negligible Site 41 Drumchork Low Negligible Site 42 Drumchork Farm Low Negligible Site 43 Drumchork Lodge Hotel Low Negligible Site 44 Drumchork, military Low Negligible Site 45 Drumchork, structure Low Negligible

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6.2.5 Potential unknown remains No specific or definite archaeological sites of Medieval or earlier date are known in the study area or its immediate surroundings. Some areas are covered by peat and therefore as outlined previously, this could potentially conceal remains of a prehistoric or later date.

6.2.6 Discussion There are no Conservation areas within the study corridor or wider study area.

There are no Designed Landscapes within the study corridor or wider study area.

There are no listed buildings within the 500m corridor of the pipeline.

All of the remaining sites within the wider context of the area are considered to be of local importance or less. Within the study area and beyond, the landscape consists mainly of military buildings, agricultural buildings and associated workings, including enclosures; field boundaries reflecting the agricultural practices carried out from the Post Medieval period and continued as late as the 19th century. It is always possible that there may be previously unrecorded sites along the route, however, in this case the potential for this must be considered low.

6.3 Mitigation and Enhancement

6.3.1 The preferred mitigation strategy is to preserve in situ and in an appropriate setting all cultural heritage resources. Site-specific mitigation measures are proposed below to avoid, reduce and offset some of the potential impacts detailed above.

7 Summary and Conclusion

7.1 General

7.1.1 The assessment has to date identified a total of forty-five sites within a 500m corridor along the proposed route of the replacement sewer and associated works. The most common sites discovered along the route are Post Medieval structures and military buildings dating from the Second World War. It is considered that the archaeological potential of the sewer renewal route is low and as there is no direct impact to the archaeological sites, no mitigation is proposed. However, the final decision on the type and scale of any mitigation works lies with the Archaeology Unit of the Highland Regional Council.

7.2 Discussions and Recommendations

7.2.1 Archaeological potential of the study area

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Agricultural land-use has been the principal factor shaping the landscape of the study area and influencing the potential for the survival of other archaeological remains not detected by this study. However, as most of the route is along the line of the existing road which has been previously disturbed, the potential is low.

The assessment has to date identified a total of forty-five non-designated sites with 500m of the proposed development area.

The presence of numerous archaeological sites close to the study area underlines the potential for archaeological remains to occur ranging from the prehistoric period to the post medieval period. However, overall, the archaeological potential of the study area is low.

7.2.2 Archaeological Proposals It is recommended no archaeological mitigation is required along the extent of the proposed upgrade of the sewage drains within the Charles Mellon and Aultbea areas of Loch Ewe.

7.2.3 Unknown or buried archaeology

The main impact of the proposed works will be upon unknown and buried archaeology; however, if, the existing route of the sewer is followed closely, then there is the potential for less damage than may normally be expected. However, the final decision on any mitigation will be made by Mary Macleod the Western Isles Archaeologist.

7.3 Acknowledgements Jacobs wish to thank the NMRS, Kevin Maclaren of RCAHMS, Highland Archaeology Unit and Historic Scotland for their assistance in data gathering for this assessment.

Appendix A – Cartographic References

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Cartographic References 1747-55 Roy’s Military Map Sheet 32/2f

1881 1st Edition Ross-Shire: The Minch Ordnance Survey sheet XIX, 1:10560 & 1:2500

Appendix B – Vertical Aerial Photographs

Sortie Frames Date Scale Lib CPE/UK/0182 1321-1315 08/10/46 1:9960 B63 1347-1354 540/1320 109-103 01/06/54 - C117 58/1458 106-97 03/06/54 1:10000 B394 58/5317 f21 3-1 17/07/62 - A85 6-8 f22 3-1 17/07/62 - A85 6-7 OS 64/69 199-201 22/06/64 1:10000 Fairey Survey 7343 788-791 08/06/74 1:10000 B757 792-796 834-832 ASS 62888 110-107 23/06/88 1:24000 C250

Appendix C – Bibliographic References

McIntosh, D. Rev. 1791-99 The Old Statistical Account of Scotland, Vol. 3: Gairloch, County of Ross and Cromarty, 342 392.

Russell, J. Rev. 1834-45 The New Statistical Account of Scotland, Vol 14: Gariloch, County of Ross and Cromarty, 155-159.

Pringle, D (ed) 1994 The Ancient Monuments of the Western Isles, Historic Scotland.

Appendix D - Gazetteer

Site No: 1 Name: Leacan Donna

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Type of remains: Post war signal station NGR: NG 8381 9216 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 89 SW 0026 & NG 89 SW 0021 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: SMR

Description: The WW2 Port War signal station is situated at the end of a track from Mellon Charles on the point at Port Leacan Donna. Only the concrete bases of several huts survive with small sections of upstanding brick walling srill in situ. The station was blowen up when an unexploded shell was placed in the main block. The brickwork still lies as it was left.

Site No: 2 Name: Leacan Donna Port War Signal Station Type of remains: Defence/Military/ Naval Signal Station; Buildings; Gun-Emplacement NGR: NG 8384 9214 NMRS No: NG 89 SW 14 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS

Description: Situated on the point at Ploc Lleacan Donna are the remains of the Naval Signal Station. Only one building, built of brick and concrete survives at NG 83843 92141. The 'engine bed' inside would suggest that this was the electricity generating house. The bases and remains of other buildings are found at NG 83814 92145 and NG 83877 92147 and the base of a large hut, possibly the mess hall, with a chimney and fireplace at the NW end is at NG 83893 92163. A small gun-emplacement and holdfast with a ready-use ammunition locker at c.NG 8383 9223. The Port War signal station is visible on RAF vertical air photographs (CPE/Scot/UK182, 1348-1349, flown 8 October 1946) which show all huts and buildings standing. Three hut bases are depicted at NG 84019 92454 on the current OS 1:1500 scale digital map N of the track that runs upslope from the Signal Station. These are visible with a fourth to the S as concrete bases on the air photographs, it is not known whether these are connected with the military presence in this area.

Site No: 3 Name: Geodhachan Bana Type of remains: Defence/ Military/ Building NGR: NG 8406 9199 NMRS No: NG 89 SW 15 Local SMR No: NG 89 SW 0029 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR

Description: The eastern end of the indicator loop for anti-submarine defence on Loch Ewe, comes ashore at the foot of a cliff at Geodhachan Bana. A concrete platform for a building survives at the top of the cliff above the Geo, and several wooden wire (loop) holders have been fixed to the cliffs below.

Site No: 4 Name: Mellon Charles

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Type of remains: Crofting Township; Kilns (Possible) NGR: NG 845 913 NMRS No: NG 89 SW 3.00 Local SMR No: NG 89 SW 0014 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR/cartographic

Description: Cottages: cruck-framed "Applies to a large district of fishermen's crofts situated on the E shore of Loch Ewe and W of Ormiscaig...extending from a dyke immediately to the E of Allt Bhruachan Rhuadha to Geodhachan Bana..." Name Book 1881

A crofting township comprising of 106 roofed, 13 partially roofed, 24 unroofed buildings and associated enclosures, depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire 1881, sheet xix). Several of the roofed buildings have rounded unroofed compartments at one end which may indicate that these buildings are kiln barns. 88 roofed, 4 partially roofed and 50 unroofed buildings and their associated enclosures are shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10560 map (1969).

Site No: 5 Name: Mellon Charles, Royal Navy Depot And Pier Type of remains: Transport and Communications/Military; Shipping/Pier; Military Camp NGR: NG 8454 9112 NMRS No: NG 89 SW 5 Local SMR No: NG 89 SW 0022 & NG 89 SW 0005 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR

Description: This Royal Navy depot and military camp is situated on the shore at Gainmheach Mhor. The depot consists of a pier, slipway and many buildings, many of which are still in use. The main group of buildings are at NG 84547 91126, the slipway at NG 84427 91041 and the pier at NG 84435 90931. The depot is visible on RAF vertical AP’s (CPE/Scot/UK182, 1348- 1350, flown 8 October 1946) which shows that during WW II it was linked closely to the maintenance of the anti-submarine boom. Visible on the photographs is much of the paraphernalia connected with boom defence work. Since the war, most of the Nissen huts have been replaced by modern huts and several larger sheds. The depot is annotated on the current OS digital 1;2500 scale map as being disused.

Site No: 6 Name: An Fhaiche Type of remains: Graveyard NGR: NG 844 9154 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 89 SW 0025 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: SMR/cartographic

Description: Small burial ground depicted on the 1st edition OS map, there appears to be 2 roofed structures associated.

Site No: 7

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Name: Mellon Charles, Military Camp / Rubh A' Choin Type of remains: Defence/ Military/ Military Camp NGR: NG 8416 9113 NMRS No: NG 89 SW 8.01 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR

Description: The hut bases of the accommodation camp are visible on RAF AP’s (CPE/Scot/UK182, 1348-1350, flown 8 October 1946). One hut of corrugated iron at NG 84157 91116 is still extant and is presently standing empty. Eight hut bases were noted to the E of the road and a further six to the N of the remaining upstanding building. Some of the hut bases have been cut through by a road constructed in the post war period. Many of the hut bases can still be found and there is two small concrete bases on the top of the small hill possibly for a flagpole or mast immediately to the S.

Site No: 8 Name: Mellon Charles / E1; Rubha A' Choin; Loch Ewe Defences Type of remains: Defence/ Military/ Anti-Aircraft Battery NGR: NG 8410 9103 NMRS No: NG 89 SW 8.00 Local SMR No: NG 89 SW 0009 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR

Description: NG89SW 8.01 centred NG 8416 9113 Military camp A heavy anti-aircraft battery depicted on the OS 1:10560 map (1969) at Rubh' a' Choin point to the W of the naval base at Mellon Charles. This heavy anti-aircraft battery is situated to the W of the former Navy Camp on the point at Rubh a' Choin. All 4 concrete and brick gun-emplacements are extant. All the gun-emplacements show evidence of having been modified to take another weapon. The battery was armed with 4 x 3.7-inch guns. J Guy 2000; NMRS MS 810/10, Vol.1, 45, Vol.3, 27 This heavy anti-aircraft battery lies on private land just above a slope leading down to Eilean Rubh a'Choin. The gun-emplacements and command/control building are all substantially intact and the ground to the NE has many concrete hut bases. Though records show that the battery was armed with 3.7-inch calibre guns, the brass inserts to the holdfast are marked 4.5-inch and are dated 1941. All emplacements have been surrounded by earthen banks, now partly removed, to assist in their camouflage and the most SW has been revetted in stone.

The dimensions of the platform/ramp within the gun-emplacement is 7.2 by 6.2m and it is 75cm high at the entrance and 80cm in height at the rear. The ramp is on average set about 1.35m in from the ready-use ammunition racks. In the example measured the ramp has been partially removed to reveal the original holdfast boltring. Brora and Shotts bricks have been used in the construction of the platform. Records held in the Public Record Office show that this battery was unarmed by June 1943 (WO 166/11169) and was not provided with a gun control radar set. The battery is visible on RAF AP’s (CPE/Scot/UK182, 1348-1350, flown 8 October 1946), and the images also show that the accommodation camp (NG89SW 8.01) was centred around NG 8416 9113. The 1946 air photographs also show that there is some kind of gun or mounting in the

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emplacements and camouflage netting is still in place at this date.

Site No: 9 Name: Mellon Charles Type of remains: Cottages: Cruck-Framed NGR: NG 84 91 NMRS No: NG 89 SW 3.01 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than Local: NMRS/cartographic

Description: None Given in NMRS. Formally NG 89 SW 3

Site No: 10 Name: Eilean Rubh A' Choin Type of remains: Transport And Communications/ Bridge NGR: NG 8405 9095 NMRS No: NG 89 SW 16 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than local: NMRS

Description: Small stone built bridge with two arches and stone parapet on the SE-side connecting Eilean Rubh a' Choin over a short tidal gap between the island and the mainland. The bridge has recently been renovated (2003).

Site No: 11 Name: N/A Type of remains: Limekiln NGR: NG 850 908 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than local: Cartographic

Description: Limekiln noted on 1st edition OS, 1876, sheet XIX.

Site No: 12 Name: Ormiston Type of remains: Limekiln NGR: NG 8536 9063 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 89 SE 0019 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than local: SMR/cartographic

Description: Limekiln marked on 1st edition OS in field beside the sea. No specific structure.

Site No: 13 Name: Ormiscaig Type of remains: Industrial/ Extractive; Lime Burning/ Crofting Township; Limekiln NGR: NG 858 905 NMRS No: NG 89 SE 11 Local SMR No: NG 89 SE 0012

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HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR/cartographic

Description: 'Applies to a small district comprising of several fishermen's houses with arable and pasture grounds attached...' Name Book 1881 Crofting township laid out in 1845 on the grid pattern unique to Gairloch Estate. Pre 1845 structures and boundaries are visible within the higher lots. Some of the 1845 houses placed in the middle of square lots are now abandoned, but those adjacent to the main roads are still occupied. There is a scattering of new builds under construction. A crofting township comprising 32 roofed, 5 partially roofed, 4 unroofed buildings, their associated enclosures and a lime kiln, depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire 1881, sheet xix). 33 roofed, 7 unroofed buildings and their associated enclosures are shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10560 map (1969).

Site No: 14 Name: Ormiscaig, Fishery Type of remains: Farming and Fishing/ Fishing Station; Winch NGR: NG 858 903 NMRS No: NG 89 SE 5 Local SMR No: NG 89 SE 0006 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than local: NMRS/SMR

Description: No details given in NMRS/SMR

Site No: 15 Name: Bualnaluib, Jetty Type of remains: Farming and Fishing; Transport and Communications/Shipping/Jetty NGR: NG 8610 9039 NMRS No: NG 89 SE 6 Local SMR No: NG 89 SE 0007 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than local: NMRS/SMR

Description: No details given in NMRS/SMR

Site No: 16 Name: Bualnaluib township Type of remains: Township NGR: NG 8665 9023 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 89 SE 0021 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: SMR

Description: Crofting township laid out on a grid patters unique to Gairloch Estate, bounded to the south by Allt an Raoin Chruaidh. Houses built along the road running NE-SW through the township are still occupied, others on lots away from the raod are now abandoned. Roy’s Military Survey indicates an unnamed settlement in this area. The settlement ‘ Buailnaluib’ is depicted on the 1st edition OS.

Site No: 17

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Name: Culconich Type of remains: Crofting Township (Possible) NGR: NG 869 898 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 14 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0015 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR/cartographic

Description: What may be a crofting township comprising 11 roofed, 9 unroofed buildings and their associated enclosures, depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire 1881, sheet xix). 16 roofed buildings and 1 unroofed building are shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10560 map (1968).

Site No: 18 Name: Maoil Na Uillt-Bheithe Type of remains: Shieling-Hut (Possible) NGR: NG 8762 8976 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 16 Local SMR No: NG 89 NE 0017 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than Local: NMRS/SMR/cartographic

Description: What may be an unroofed shieling-hut is depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire 1881, sheet xix). The unroofed building is shown with two attached enclosures on the current edition of the OS 1:10560 map (1968).

Site No: 19 Name: Tighnafiline Type of remains: Crofting Township NGR: NG 871 895 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 15 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0016 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR/cartographic

Description: "A small district situate on the NW side of Aultbea comprising several crofts including the Free Church and Manse.." Name Book 1881. A cluster of houses on a slight ridge, backed to the east by unimproved wet ground, to the west by long crofting strips running NE-SW to the boundary with Aird farm. Most of the footings of former buildings lie out with the croft strips, suggesting the original nuclear settlement, centred on NG 872 895. The place name is recorded on Roy’s Military Survey and has been translated as the ‘House of the Shore Field’ (Watson) but probably refers to An Fhaodhailinn, the shoreline east of Aird Point. A crofting township comprising 31 roofed, 4 partially roofed, 2 unroofed building and their associated enclosures is depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire 1881, sheet xix). 24 roofed, 11 unroofed buildings and their associated enclosures are shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10560 map (1968).

Site No: 20 Name: Aultbea, Aird Battery / E2; Aird Point; Loch Ewe Defences Type of remains: Defence/ Military/ Anti-Aircraft Battery; Military Camps NGR: NG 8646 8933 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 25

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Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0032 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR

Description: A heavy anti-aircraft battery is depicted on the 1968 edition of the OS map (OS 1:10560, 1968) to the N of Aird Point at Aultbea. Two disused camp sites are also depicted they are probably the accommodation camps for the gun battery. Information from RCAHMS (DE) February 1997. This heavy anti-aircraft battery is situated on the NW part of Aird Point. Only one concrete gun-emplacement survives (out of four), and part of the site is now a car park. Some hut bases can be seen in the adjacent field to the E of the road. The battery was armed with 4 x 3.7-inch guns. The remaining concrete gun-emplacement is situated at the N end of Aird Point immediately N of the present Maclennan Park football pitch. The emplacement is set in what is now a picnic area. The holdfast for the gun is still in place and there are the standard ammunition lockers and crew shelter space. The four gun- emplacements, command post and hutted camp are all visible on RAF AP’s (CPE/Scot/UK182, 1316-1317, flown 8 October 1946) which show that the battery was not supplied with a range finding radar set. Part of the accommodation camp was to the N of the road and is visible on the air photographs as large wooden huts and what were possibly the bases for Nissen huts. Some of the hut bases can still be seen in the field on the N side of the road. Another group of huts are visible on the air photographs about 155m to the SE of the battery. They are arranged in a circle and it is not known whether these were associated with the AA site or the Military camp at the southern part of Aird Point at Aultbea (NG88NW 26.01). Records show that this battery was unarmed by June 1942 (PRO WO 166/11169) and was never provided with a radar unit.

Site No: 21 Name: Aird Type of remains: Residential NGR: NG 864 893 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than Local: Cartographic

Description: Three roofed buildings near Aird Point with formal garden to north. Demolished

Site No: 22 Name: Aultbea, Cinema Type of remains: Defence; Recreation/ Military/ Cinema; Hall NGR: NG 8661 8922 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 26 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0043, NG 88 NE 33 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: Cartographic/NMRS/SMR

Description: NG88NE 26.01 centred NG 8670 8895 Military camp This World War II cinema and social centre is situated on the N side of the road to Mellon Charles on the W side of the road junction N of Aird point. The building is constructed of brick, concrete and a

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corrugated iron rounded roof. It is still in use for various village functions.

Site No: 23 Name: Aultbea Free Church Type of remains: Religion/ Church NGR: NG 8690 8923 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 34.00 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: Cartographic/NMRS

Description: Built in 1888, replacing the church, manse and grounds recorded in 1st edition OS map. No sign of an associated burial ground. Contemporary manse is now private dwelling; modern manse sits behind the church.

Site No: 24 Name: Aultbea Free Church, Manse Type of remains: Residential/ Manse NGR: NG 8685 8926 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 34.1 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0035 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: Cartographic/NMRS/SMR

Description: Manse [NAT] OS 1:10,560 map, 1968. Noted on the 1st edition OS map, 1876, sheet XIX, composed of three buildings with formal garden.

Site No: 25 Name: Aultbea Type of remains: Graveyard NGR: NG 8676 8918 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0036 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: SMR

Description: Small burial ground depicted on the first edition OS to the north of the church.

Site No: 26 Name: Fish trap Type of remains: Fish trap NGR: NG 8674 8911 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0040 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than local: SMR

Description: What appears to be a fish trap in the North corner of the bay was exposed by the falling tide. This is partly recorded on the first edition OS.

Site No: 27

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Name: Aultbea, Aird Point Type of remains: Defence/ Military/ Military Camp NGR: NG 8670 8895 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 26.1 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS

Description: A large hutted camp is visible on RAF vertcial AP’s (CPE/Scot/UK182, 1316-1317, flown 8 October 1946) on Aird Point. The camp is made up of several types of building including some long pitched roof buildings, wooden and Nissen huts. The site is now occupied by modern housing.

Site No: 28 Name: Limekiln Type of remains: Industrial NGR: NG 8665 8890 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0037 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than local: Cartographic/SMR

Description: Noted on the 1st edition OS map, 1876, sheet XIX.

Site No: 29 Name: Aultbea, Aird Point, Pier Type of remains: Transport and Communications/ Shipping/ Piers; Winch NGR: NG 8679 8885 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 9.00, NG 88NE 9.1 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0009, NG 88 NE 0026 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR

Description: NG 88 NE 9.01 - Winch NG 88 NE 9.00 - Pier 'Late 19th to early 20th century. A small rubble pier, and a much larger concrete pier, with wood-piled extension. The older, stone jetty is effectively redundant. Larger jetty built to allow access through greater range of tides.

Site No: 30 Name: Aultbea / Triumph: Aultbea, Loch Ewe Type of remains: Landing-Place / Maritime/ Transport Craft; Cargo Vessel/ Smack NGR: NG 87 89 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 6 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0006, NG 88 NE 8003, NG 88 NE 8004 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR

Description: NG88NE 6 = NG88NE0006 NG88NE8003 and NG88NE8004 are Smack wrecks Possibly on map sheet NG89SE. NLO: Aultbea [name: NG 874 892] Loch Ewe [name centred NG 84 86].

30 September 1896 TRIUMPH, age unknown, not reg. wood smack, 20 ton, 2 men. Master M. McLeod. Owner D. Smith, Stornoway.

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Poolewe to Stornoway. Coal. Wind SSW10. Near Aultbea, Loch Ewe, Ross-shire. Source: PP Abstracts of Shipping Casualties on Coasts, or in Rivers and Harbours of the UK July 1896-97 (1898 [C.8917] LXXXVIII.401). NMRS, MS/829/67 (no. 895).

(Registration number cited as SY 420 and classified as wooden smack, with cargo of coal: date of loss cited as 30 September 1896). This vessel stranded near Aultbea.

Site No: 31 Name: Aultbea Type of remains: Village NGR: NG 8740 8903 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 37 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: Cartographic/NMRS

Description: On 1st edition OS the village is comprised of 22 structures including a school, Inn, Corn Mill with sluice, and Post Office set within long crofting strips extending from the burn which forms the southern boundary to the village.

Site No: 32 Name: Aultbea, Smithy Type of remains: Industrial/ Metal Industries; Blacksmithing/ Smithy NGR: NG 874 890 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 8 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0010 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR

Description: 19th century. Small single-storey rubble building, corrugated-iron- roofed, with a single chimney.' J R Hume 1977. Not noted on the 1st edition OS map, 1876, sheet XIX .

Site No: 33 Name: Aultbea, Clapper Bridge/Allt Beithe Type of remains: Transport and Communications/ Roads and Paths/ Road Bridge NGR: NG 8737 8898 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 4 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0004 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: Cartographic/NMRS/SMR

Description: Clapper bridge, Aultbea, 18th to 19th century. A 7-span clapper bridge, with spans of unequal length. J R Hume 1977.

This bridge carries the former line of the A832 public road over the Allt Beithe a short distance E of its entry into Loch Ewe. It lies to the E of the present road and to the S of Aultbea village (NG88NE 37). This bridge is depicted but not noted on the 1968 edition of the OS 1:10,560 map, and on the current edition of the OS (GIS) AIB.

Site No: 34

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Name: Aultbea Type of remains: Crofting Township; Head-Dyke; Corn Mill NGR: NG 876 890 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 18 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0019 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: Cartographic/NMRS/SMR

Description: A crofting township comprising 25 roofed buildings, including an Inn, a School and a Corn Mill, 1 partially roofed and 11 unroofed buildings, several enclosures and fragments of a head-dyke is depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire 1881, sheet xix). 52 roofed, 2 partially roofed, 9 unroofed buildings and several enclosures are shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10560 map (1968). There is no trace of the Corn Mill surviving today, however possible traces of the mill lade were located in 2004.

Site No: 35 Name: Aultbea, Aultbea Hotel/Aultbea Officer's Quarters Type of remains: Commercial; Defence/ Hotel; Military Headquarters NGR: NG 8733 8890 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 30 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/cartographic

Description: Aultbea Hotel was taken over and used by the Royal Navy during World War II. Info from RCAHMS (DE), June 2004. Noted on the 1st edition OS, 1876, sheet XIX as Aultbea Inn.

Site No: 36 Name: Aultbea, Jetty Type of remains: Farming and Fishing/ Jetty NGR: NG 8732 8888 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 10 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0007 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR

Description: low, broad rubble jetty or slipway and parallel sub-structure of a second, wooden jetty, accessed by steps down from the hotel.

Site No: 37 Name: Limekiln Type of remains: Industrial NGR: NG 8746 8871 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0041 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Less than Local: SMR/cartographic

Description: In 1st edition OS map, 1876, sheet XIX, location of limekiln is marked but not described.

Site No: 38 Name: Aultbea Church

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Type of remains: Religion/ Church NGR: NG 8754 8855 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 36 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS

Description: Aultbea Church [NAT] OS 1:10.560 map, 1968.

Site No: 39 Name: War Memorial Type of remains: NGR: NG 8787 8884 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0042 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: SMR

Description: No details given in SMR

Site No: 40 Name: Aultbea Type of remains: Building NGR: NG 8800 8879 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0045 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: Cartographic/SMR

Description: A roofless building is noted in this area in the 1st edition OS. 1876, sheet XIX.

Site No: 41 Name: Drumchork Type of remains: Township NGR: NG 879 886 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 19 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0020 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: Cartographic/NMRS/SMR

Description: A township comprising 6 roofed, 2 partially roofed, 32 unroofed buildings, and 7 enclosures is depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire 1881, sheet xix). 6 roofed and 5 unroofed buildings are shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10560 map (1968). Township was cleared in 1851. Remains can be seen of the original township, in poor condition due improvement works and more recent plantation works.

Site No: 42 Name: Drumchork Farm Type of remains: Farming and Fishing/ Farm Buildings/ Farmsteading NGR: NG 8762 8840 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 35 Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0046 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS/SMR/cartographic

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Loch Ewe Gravity Sewer upgrade, Desk-based Assessment and Walk over survey

Description: Noted on the 1st edition OS map, 1876, sheet XIX. Comprised of 3 ong rectangular buildings forming a courtyard with separate building to the east.

Site No: 43 Name: Drumchork Lodge Hotel Type of remains: Commercial; Hotel NGR: NG 8790 8840 NMRS No: N/A Local SMR No: NG 88 NE 0039 HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: SMR

Description: Built as a shooting lodge by Meyrick Bankes in 1881, now a hotel.

Site No: 44 Name: Drumchork Type of remains: Defence/ Military Camp NGR: NG 879 883 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 29 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: NMRS

Description: NG 8870 8810 to NG 9090 9054 and NG 8927 9357 to NG 8878 9563 A desk-based assessment was undertaken for a new water pipeline. The following previously unrecorded archaeological sites were revealed: NG 879 883 (centre) Drumchork WW2 camp. Full report deposited in Highland SMR and the NMRS Sponsor: Earth Tech Engineering S Farrell 2002

Site No: 45 Name: Drumchork Type of remains: Structure NGR: NG 8797 8823 NMRS No: NG 88 NE 28 Local SMR No: N/A HB No: N/A Status/Source: Local: Cartographic/NMRS

Description: NG 8870 8810 to NG 9090 9054 and NG 8927 9357 to NG 8878 9563. A desk-based assessment and walkover survey were undertaken for a new water pipeline. The following previously unrecorded archaeological sites were revealed: NG 8797 8823 Drumchork Structure. Full report deposited in Highland SMR and the NMRS Sponsor: Earth Tech Engineering Ltd. S Farrell 2002

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