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Estimating Visitor Use and Distribution in Two Adirondack Wilderness Areas

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Estimating Visitor Use and Distribution in Two Adirondack Wilderness Areas ESTIMATING VISITOR USE AND DISTRIBUTION IN TWO ADIRONDACK WILDERNESS AREAS Nathan E. Peters (APA Act 1998). Major reviews of the master plan must Graduate Student take place every five years by the APA in consultation State University of New York, College of Environmental with the NYSDEC, as required by statute. Science and Forestry 211 Marshall Hall Each individual Unit Management Plan (UMP) must One Forestry Drive conform to the guidelines and criteria set forth in the Syracuse, NY 13210 master plan and cannot amend the master plan itself. Chad P. Dawson These UMPs are required to contain an inventory Professor and assessment of the physical, biological, and social State University of New York, College of Environmental attributes of each area as well as applicable administrative Science and Forestry actions. UMPs should be used as a mechanism to refine and apply the general guidelines and criteria stated in Abstract the master plan to specific conditions on the ground, This study evaluated the temporal and spatial distribution at a level of detail appropriate to administration and of use and the patterns of use in two Adirondack management. UMPs can assist in resolving questions wilderness areas from May through November of 2003. of interpretation and application of the master plan The three methods used for collecting the baseline data (APSLMP 2001). for this study were: active infrared trail counters, trail registers, and on-site visitor interviews. The locations for collecting information via registers, counters, and The Adirondack Park contains 17 units of wilderness interviews were at major trailheads that provide access totaling over 1 million acres. At the present time, 10 to these wilderness areas. Each method provided unique units have met the requirement for the individual UMP information relating to visitor use such as: group size, development (NYSDEC webpage 2004). Seven UMPs length of stay, destinations, and the dates and times are either in the draft stage of development or have visitors were utilizing the area. not yet been addressed. Of the 10 completed UMPs, most have not been reviewed 5 years from their date of 1.0 Introduction completion as directed by the APSLMP. In June of 1972 the Adirondack Park Agency (APA) approved and submitted the master plan for management UMPs are required to measure and monitor visitor use of New York’s state lands following statutory procedures and its effects on the resources, which will aid in the and extensive public hearings around the state. The planning and management of forest preserve areas. This master plan was designed to guide preservation, study selected two areas based on the recommendations management, and use of these public lands by state from the NYSDEC and other associated UMP planners. agencies in the future. The overriding theme of the plan Neither area had a UMP and planners felt that this study is to ensure protection and preservation of the natural would be beneficial to their developing UMPs for these resources of the state lands within the park. “It also serves two areas. as a place for human use and enjoyment, so long as the resources in their physical and biological context as well 2.0 Site Descriptions as their social or psychological aspects are not degraded McKenzie Mountain and West Canada Lake Wilderness (APSLMP 2001, p. 1).” Areas are two major destinations for recreational users seeking a wilderness experience in the Adirondack Park. Section 816 of the Adirondack Park Agency Act directs the New York State Department of Environmental McKenzie Mountain Wilderness area (MMWA) is Conservation (NYSDEC) to develop, in consultation located in the Northeast corner of the Adirondack Park. with the APA, individual management plans for each unit It is in Essex County in the towns of St. Armand, North of land under its jurisdiction classified in the master plan Elba, Saranac Lake, Lake Placid, and Wilmington. These 164 Proceedings of the 2004 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NE-326 areas are major destinations for visitors who generate a Eleven major trails provide access to destinations, such great deal of recreational use in MMWA throughout all as Indian Lake, Falls Pond, Otter Brook, Northville-Lake seasons of the year. There are numerous trailheads to the Placid trail (north and south), Sucker Brook, Pillsbury 37,616-acre wilderness area providing public access from Mountain, Miami River, Spruce Lake, T-Lake Mountain, all sides. and the South Branch trail. Recreational activities in this area in the spring, summer, and fall months include MMWA is densely forested with mixed hardwoods hiking, camping, hunting, and fishing. and softwoods at lower elevations, while spruce and fir dominate the forest above 2,500 feet. The area is 3.0 Purpose of Study composed of steep and rugged terrain and the elevation The objective of this study is to aid UMP planners in ranges from 1,463 feet to 4,869 feet with excellent developing baseline visitor use data in support of UMPs views from atop McKenzie, Haystack, Baker, and for each of the two wilderness areas. It will help establish Moose Mountains. There are eight bodies of water and a prototype for monitoring and implementation of visitor numerous pristine brooks and streams contributing to the use assessments within these and other units within the lush ecosystems found in the valleys of MMWA. Adirondack and Catskill parks. Six trailheads provide access to destinations within 4.0 Methods MMWA such as Moose Pond, Mt Baker, Jackrabbit trail Research was conducted on recreational use in MMWA (east and west), Haystack / McKenzie mountains, and the and WCLWA in the Adirondack Park from May through Connery Pond trail which provides access to Whiteface November of 2003. The three methods utilized to gather Mountain. Spring, summer, and fall use in this area data for this study are outlined below. include hiking, camping, rock climbing, hunting, and 1. Estimations of recreational use with active fishing (APSLMP 2001). infrared automated trail counters at eight access points in the MMWA and 11 access points in West Canada Lake Wilderness area (WCLWA) is located the WCLWA. The trail counters recorded the in the Southwest corner of the Adirondack Park in date and time that the users entered or exited the Herkimer and Hamilton counties in the towns of Ohio, wilderness area from May 15 to November 1, Morehouse, Arietta, Lake Pleasant, and Indian Lake. 2003. WCLWA is bounded on the north by Moose River 2. Brief on-site interviews were conducted Plains, on the east by both public and private land, on systematically at all 19 major access points to the the south by Jessup River Wild Forest and private land, areas studied from May 15, 2003 to November 1, and on the west by West Canada Creek and private land. 2003. Interview questions were used to determine Access to several trailheads within this wilderness area use characteristics and trip related experiences via is limited to travel on seasonally maintained dirt roads. the follow up survey. Users of three public campgrounds and the Moose River 3. Visitor data collected at 19 self-registration sites Plains area, which are adjacent to WCLWA, contribute to to gain information regarding date, group size, use on some of the area’s foot trails. length of stay, and trip destination. WCLWA consists of mixed hardwood and softwood forests with the terrain ranging from swamp flats and Active Infrared trail counters (sender and receiver rolling hills to steep mountains. The elevation ranges units) were installed within 50 feet on each side of the from 1,390 feet in the valleys to 3,899 feet at the height trails providing access to the areas studied. They were of the land. This 156,695-acre wilderness area contains mounted to trees with a large diameter in attempts to 168 bodies of water including numerous pond, lakes, and avoid false counts due to trees swaying in the wind. They streams totaling 2,460 acres. There is also considerable were located on or near uphill or narrow portions of acreage in spruce-fir swamps and beaver meadows trail where users would likely be single file (Yuan et al. (APSLMP 2001). 1995). Camouflage was utilized to further conceal the equipment to prevent theft or tampering by the users. Proceedings of the 2004 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NE-326 165 y Da 800 r 700 s pe 600 ount 500 er C 400 Us 300 200 100 Figure 1.—McKenzie Mountain wilderness temporal distribution from trail counter data. Vegetation that could potentially cause false counts 0 between the two units was removed. Most operational problems in infrared trail counter equipment are related to improper initial setup and installation (Watson et al. 2000). Each pair of counters were visited weekly to download the previous week of data and to ensure that data was not lost because of equipment malfunction or 24-M ay changes in the surrounding area. Trail register sheets from the trailheads were collected 31-M ay and entered into a spreadsheet for further analysis. Information gathered includes date, number of users per group, length of stay, and trip destinations. Registers provide valuable information about use in the area; 7-Jun however, signing is voluntary so participation was a concern (Watson et al. 2000). 1 4-Ju n Brief on-site field interviews were conducted to find out further trip-related information about each group entering or exiting the area. Information gathered 2 1-Ju n includes group size, length of stay, number of previous visits to the wilderness area, trail register compliance, destination, date, time, type of user, and location of 2 8-Ju n interview. The name and address of the interviewed users were also collected to send out more detailed surveys about trip related experiences.
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